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[Download pdf] UPSC IAS Mains 2022 – Essay Question Paper

UPSC IAS Mains 2022 Examinations have started with the essay paper. After the completion of the examination in the first session, UPSC IAS Mains 2022 Essay Question Paper is out. If you are preparing for the 2023 examination, you can go through the question paper and check the type of topics that are being asked.

Download pdf of UPSC IAS Mains 2022 – Essay Question Paper or View the Images of UPSC IAS Mains 2022 – Essay Question Paper below:

• Forests are the best case studies of economic excellence
• Poets are the unacknowledged legislators of the world
• History is a series of victories won by the scientific man over the romantic men
• A ship in harbour is safe, but that is not what a ship is meant for
• The time to repair the roof is when sun is shining
• You cannot step twice in the same river
• A smile is the chosen vehicle for all ambiguities
• Just because you have a choice, it does not mean that any of them has to be right

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UPSC Essay Topic wise Question Papers of last 31 years (1993-2023) for Civil Services IAS/IPS Exam Free Download

In the UPSC mains examination, essay paper is worth 250 marks and three hours. Here is the topic wise questions from the earlier years for the benefit of civil service IAS IPS aspirants.

1.1 India Since Independence

1.2 federalism, decentralization, 1.3 administration, 1.4 judiciary, 1.5 poverty, social justice, 1.6 indian society, culture and values, 1.7 media, tv & cinema, literature, 2.1 growth vs development, 2.2 environment vs development, 2.4 sectors of economy, 3.1 values in education, 3.2 scheme implementation, 3.3 higher education, 4.1 character, honesty, ethics, 4.2 knowledge, 4.3 compassion, 4.4 truth and reality, 4.5 youth, discipline, 4.6 towards excellence, 5.1 @national politics, 5.2 @world / quote type, 5.3 empowerment overall, 5.4 compared to men, 6.1 globalization, 6.2 international org./ bilateral, 6.3 security, 6.4 history, 7.1 science and religion, 7.2 science and education, 7.3 computer and internet, 7.4 sci-tech: others, appendix: linear paper of upsc essay 2023, appendix: linear paper of upsc essay 2022, appendix: model answer pe free lecture & powerpoint, appendix: syllabus of essay paper in upsc, 1 india: democracy, administration, society, culture.

• Is the Colonial mentality hindering India’s Success? -2013
• In the context of Gandhiji’s views on the matter, explore, on an evolutionary scale, the terms ‘Swadhinata’, ‘Swaraj’ and ‘Dharmarajya’. Critically comment on their contemporary relevance to Indian democracy -2012
• Dreams which should not let India sleep. -2015
• Why should we be proud of being Indians? -2000
• Whither Indian democracy? -1995
• How far has democracy in India delivered the goods? -2003
• What we have not learnt during fifty years of independence. -1997
• What have we gained from our democratic set-up? -2001
• My vision of India in 2001 a.d. -1993
• Impact of the new economic measures on fiscal ties between the union and states in India. -2017
• Water disputes between States in federal India. -2016
• Cooperative federalism : Myth or reality. -2016
• Creation of smaller states and the consequent administrative, economic and developmental implication -2011
• Evaluation of panchayati raj system in India from the point of view of eradication of power to people. -2007
• Water resources should be under the control of the central government. -2004
• The language problem in India: its past, present and prospects. -1998
• There are better practices to “best practices”. -2021
• How should a civil servant conduct himself? -2003
• Politics without ethics is a disaster. -1995
• The VIP cult is a bane of Indian democracy -1996
• Need for transparency in public administration -1996
• The country’s need for a better disaster management system. -2000
• Politics, bureaucracy and business – fatal triangle. -1994
• We may brave human laws but cannot resist natural laws. -2017
• Justice must reach the poor -2005
• Judicial activism and Indian democracy. -2004
• Judicial activism. -1997
• A society that has more justice is a society that needs less charity. (- जिस समाज में अधिक न्याय होता है उस समाज को दान की कम आवश्यकता होती है।) – 2023
• There can be no social justice without economic prosperity but economic prosperity without social justice is meaningless (बिना आर्थिक समृद्धि के सामाजिक न्याय नहीं हो सकता, किन्तु बिना सामाजिक न्याय के आर्थिक समृद्धि निरर्थक है ) -2020
• Neglect of primary health care and education in India are reasons for its backwardness. -2019
• The focus of health care is increasingly getting skewed towards the ‘haves’ of our society. -2009
• Food security for sustainable national development -2005
• Reservation, politics and empowerment. -1999
• Culture is what we are, civilization is what we have (जो हम है, वह संस्कार; जो हमारे पास है, वह सभ्यता ) -2020
• Indian culture today: a myth or a reality? -2000
• Modernism and our traditional socio-ethical values. -2000
• The composite culture of India. -1998
• The Indian society at the crossroads. -1994
• From traditional Indian philanthropy to the gates-buffet model-a natural progression or a paradigm shift? -2010
• New cults and godmen: a threat to traditional religion -1996
• Biased media is a real threat to Indian democracy. -2019
• Responsibility of media in a democracy. -2002
• Role of media in good governance -2008
• Does Indian cinema shape our popular culture or merely reflect it? -2011
• How has satellite television brought about cultural change in Indian mindsets? -2007
• Is sting operation an invasion on privacy? -2014
• Mass media and cultural invasion. -1999
• The misinterpretation and misuse of freedom in India. -1998
• Poets are the unacknowledged legislators of the world (कवि संसार के अनधिकृत रूप से विधायक होते हैं) – 2022

2 Economy, Development

• Poverty anywhere is a threat to prosperity everywhere. -2018
• Digital economy: A leveller or a source of economic inequality. -2016
• Innovation is the key determinant of economic growth and social welfare. -2016
• Near jobless growth in India: An anomaly or an outcome of economic reforms. -2016
• Crisis faced in India – moral or economic. -2015
• Was it the policy paralysis or the paralysis of implementation which slowed the growth of our country? -2014
• GDP (Gross Domestic Product) along with GDH (Gross Domestic Happiness) would be the right indices for judging the wellbeing of a country-2013
• Can capitalism bring inclusive growth? -2015
• Resource management in the Indian context. -1999
• Economic growth without distributive justice is bound to breed violence. -1993
• Forests are the best case studies for economic excellence (आर्थिक समृद्धि हासिल करने के मामले में वन सर्वोत्तम प्रतिमान होते हैं।) – 2022
• Alternative technologies for a climate change resilient India. -2018
• Should a moratorium be imposed on all fresh mining in tribal areas of the country? -2010
• Urbanisation and its hazards -2008
• Protection of ecology and environment is essential for sustained economic development. -2006
• Urbanization is a blessing in disguise. -1997
• Ecological considerations need not hamper development. -1993
• Globalization would finish small-scale industries in India. -2006
• Multinational corporations – saviours or saboteurs -1994
• Special economic zone: boon or bane -2008
• Is the criticism that the ‘Public-Private-Partnership’ (PPP) model for development is more of a bane than a boon in the Indian context, justified ?-2012
• Farming has lost the ability to be a source of subsistence for majority of farmers in India. -2017
• BPO boom in India. -2007
• Tourism: Can this be the next big thing for India? -2014
• Are our traditional handicrafts doomed to a slow death? -2009

3 Education

• Education is what remains after one has forgotten what one has learned in – school. (- शिक्षा वह है जो विद्यालय में विधालय में सीखी गई बातों को भूल जाने के बाद भी शेष रह जाती है।)
• Destiny of a nation is shaped in its classrooms. -2017
• Education without values, as useful as it is, seems rather to make a man more clever devil-2015
• Independent thinking should be encouraged right form the childhood. -2007
• Are the standardized tests good measure of academic ability or progress? -2014
• Irrelevance of the classroom. -2001
• Is the growing level of competition good for the youth? -2014
• Literacy is growing very fast, but there is no corresponding growth in education. -1996
• Is an egalitarian society possible by educating the masses ? -2008
• What is real education? -2005
• “Education for all” campaign in India: myth or reality. -2006
• Restructuring of Indian education system. -1995
• Privatization of higher education in India. -2002
• Credit – based higher education system – status, opportunities and challenges -2011

4 Quote based, Philosophy, Ethics

• A smile is the chosen vehicle for all ambiguities (हर असमंजस के लिए मुस्कराहट ही चुनिन्दा साधन है) – 2022
• Philosophy of wantlessness is a Utopian, while materialism is a chimera. -2021
• Your perception of me is a reflection of you; my reaction to you is an awareness of me. -2021
• Simplicity is the ultimate sophistication (सरलता चरम परिष्करण है ) -2020
• Ships don’t sink because of water around them ships sink because of water that gets into them (जहाज अपने चारों तरफ के पानी के वजह से नहीं डूबा करते, जहाज पानी के अंदर समां जाने की वजह से डूबता हैं ) -2020
• Life is a long journey between being human and being humane.  (मनुष्य होने और मानव बनने के बीच का लम्बा सफर ही जीवन है)-2020
• Values are not what humanity is, but what humanity ought to be -2019
• Best for an individual is not necessarily best for the society -2019
• Courage to accept and dedication to improve are two keys to success -2019
• Wisdom finds truth -2019
• A people that values its privileges above its principles loses both. -2018
• Customary morality cannot be a guide to modem file. -2018
• Need brings greed, if greed increases it spoils breed. -2016
• Character of an institution is reflected in its leader. -2015
• With greater power comes greater responsibility. -2014
• Words are sharper than the two-edged sword. -2014
• Attitude makes, habit makes character and character makes a man. -2007
• He would reigns within himself and folds his passions and desires and fears is more than a king. -1993
• Thinking is like a game, it does not begin unless there is an opposite team. (- सोच एक खेल की तरह है, यह तब तक शुरू नहीं होता है जब तक कि एक विपरीत टीम/पक्ष न हो।) – 2023
• Mathematics is the music of reason. (- गणित ज्ञान का संगीत है।) – 2023
• The real is rational and the rational is real. -2021
• Mindful manifesto is the catalyst to a tranquil self (विचारपरक संकल्प स्वयं के शांतचित्त रहने का उत्प्रेरक है )-2020
• ‘The past’ is a permanent dimension of human consciousness and values. -2018
• A good life is one inspired by love and guided by knowledge. -2018
• There is nothing either good or bad but thinking makes it so. -2003
• Disinterested intellectual curiosity is the lifeblood of civilisation. -1995
• Joy is the simplest form of gratitude. -2017
• Compassion is the basic of all morality of the world -1993
• Lending hands to someone is better than giving a dole. -2015
• Be the change you want to see in others (Gandhi)-2013
• Just because you have a choice, it does not mean that any of them has to be right (केवल इसलिए कि आपके पास विकल्प हैं, इसका यह अर्थ कदापि नहीं है कि उनमें से किसी को भी ठीक होना ही होगा) – 2022
• Reality does not conform to the ideal, but confirms it. -2018
• Truth is lived, not taught -1996
• When money speaks, the truth is silent. -1995
• Search for truth can only be a spiritual problem. -2002
• The time to repair the roof is when the sun is shining (छप्पर मरम्मत करने का समय तभी होता है, जब धूप खिली हुई हो) – 2022
• You cannot step twice in the same river (आप उसी नदी में दोबारा नहीं उतर सकते) – 2022
• Discipline means success, anarchy means ruin -2008
• Youth is a blunder, manhood a struggle, old age a regret -1994
• If youth knew, if age could. -2002
• Youth culture today. -1999
• Fifty Golds in Olympics: Can this be a reality for India? -2014
• Visionary decision-making happens at the intersection of intuition and logic. (- दूरदर्शी निर्णय तभी लिए जाते है अंतर्ज्ञान और तर्क का परस्पर मेल होता है।) – 2023
• Not all who wander are lost. (- भटकने वाले सभी गुम नहीं हो जाते।) – 2023
• Inspiration for creativity springs from the effort to look for the magical in the mundane (- रचनात्मकता की प्रेरणा अलौकिक ता में चमत्कार ढूंढने के प्रयास से उपजति है) – 2023
• A ship in harbour is safe, but that is not what ship is for (जहाज बन्दरगाह के भीतर सुरक्षित होता है, परन्तु इसके लिए तो वह होता नहीं है) – 2022
• Quick but steady wins the race. -2015
• Useless life is an early death. -1994
• Our deeds determine us, as much as we determine our deeds. -1995
• The paths of glory lead but to the grave. -2002
• The pursuit of excellence. -2001

5 Women empowerment

• Greater political power alone will not improve women’s plight. -1997
• Women’s reservation bill would usher in empowerment for women in India. -2006
• The new emerging women power: the ground realities. -1995
• Hand that rocks the cradle rules the world. -2021
• If women ruled the world -2005
• The hand that rocks the cradle -2005
• Patriarchy is the least noticed yet the most significant structure of social inequality (पितृ-सत्ता की व्यवस्था नजर मैं बहुत काम आने के बावजूद सामाजिक विषमता की सबसे प्रभावी संरचना है) -2020
• Fulfilment of ‘new woman’ in India is a myth. -2017
• If development is not engendered, it is endangered. -2016
• Whither women’s emancipation? -2004
• Empowerment alone cannot help our women. -2001
• Women empowerment: challenges and prospects. -1999
• Woman is god’s best creation. -1998
• Men have failed: let women take over. -1993
• Managing work and home – is the Indian working woman getting a fair deal ?-2012

6 International issues, Internal Security, History

• South Asian societies are woven not around the state, but around their plural cultures and plural identities. -2019
• Modernisation and westernisation are not identical concepts. -1994
• ‘globalization’ vs. ‘nationalism’ -2009
• National identity and patriotism -2008
• Globalizations and its impact on Indian culture. -2004
• The masks of new imperialism. -2003
• As civilization advances culture declines. -2003
• The implications of globalization for India. -2000
• My vision of an ideal world order. -2001
• India’s contribution to world wisdom. -1998
• The world of the twenty-first century. -1998
• Preparedness of our society for India’s global leadership role. -2010
• Technology as the silent factor in international relations (अंतर्राष्ट्रीय संबंधों मैं मौन करक के रूप मैं प्रौद्योगिकी) -2020
• Has the Non-Alignment Movement (NAM) lost its relevance in a multipolar world ? -2017
• Restructuring of UNO reflect present realities -1996
• The global order: political and economic -1993
• India’s role in promoting ASEAN co-operation. -2004
• Importance of Indo-US nuclear agreement -2006
• Management of Indian border dispute is a complex task. -2018
• In the Indian context , both human intelligence and technical intelligence are crucial in combating terrorism -2011
• Are we a ‘soft’ state ? -2009
• Good fences make good neighbours -2009
• Is autonomy the best answer to combat balkanization? -2007
• Terrorism and world peace -2005
• True religion cannot be misused. -1997
• History repeats itself, first as tragedy, second as farce. -2021
• Geography may remain the same ; history need not. -2010

7 Science-Technology

• Spirituality and scientific temper. -2003
• Science and Mysticism : Are they compatible ?-2012
• What is research, but a blind date with knowledge! -2021
• Modern technological education and human values. -2002
• Value-based science and education. -1999
• The march of science and the erosion of human values. -2001
• The process of self-discovery has now been technologically outsourced. -2021
• Rise of Artificial Intelligence: the threat of jobless future or better job opportunities through reskilling and upskilling. -2019
• ‘Social media’ is inherently a selfish medium. -2017
• Cyberspace and Internet : Blessing or curse to the human civilization in the long run -2016
• Increasing computerization would lead to the creation of a dehumanized society. -2006
• The cyberworld: its charms and challenges. -2000
• Computer: the harbinger of silent revolution. -1993
• Technology cannot replace manpower. -2015
• Science and technology is the panacea for the growth and security of the nation-2013
• The modern doctor and his patients. -1997
• The lure of space. -2004

Section-A (write any one)

• Thinking is like a game, it does not begin unless there is an opposite team. (- सोच एक खेल की तरह है, यह तब तक शुरू नहीं होता है जब तक कि एक विपरीत टीम/पक्ष न हो।)
• Visionary decision-making happens at the intersection of intuition and logic. (- दूरदर्शी निर्णय तभी लिए जाते है अंतर्ज्ञान और तर्क का परस्पर मेल होता है।)
• Not all who wander are lost. (- भटकने वाले सभी गुम नहीं हो जाते।)
• Inspiration for creativity springs from the effort to look for the magical in the mundane (- रचनात्मकता की प्रेरणा अलौकिक ता में चमत्कार ढूंढने के प्रयास से उपजति है)

Section-B (write any one)

• Girls are weighed down by restrictions, boys with demands – two equally harmful disciplines. (-लड़कियां बंदिशों के तथा लड़के अपेक्षा के बोझ तले दबे हुए होते हैं दोनों ही समान रूप से हानिकारक व्यवस्थाएं हैं।)
• Mathematics is the music of reason. (- गणित ज्ञान का संगीत है।)
• A society that has more justice is a society that needs less charity. (- जिस समाज में अधिक न्याय होता है उस समाज को दान की कम आवश्यकता होती है।)

Answer one-one essay from each section in 1000-1200 words

• History is a series of victories won by the scientific man over the romantic man (इतिहास वैज्ञानिक मनुष्य के रूमानी मनुष्य पर विजय हासिल करने का एक सिलसिला है।) – 2022
• A ship in harbour is safe, but that is not what ship is for (जहाज बन्दरगाह के भीतर सुरक्षित होता है, परन्तु इसके लिए तो वह होता नहीं है) & 2022
• Just because you have a choice, it does not mean that any of them has to be right (केवल इसलिए कि आपके पास विकल्प हैं, इसका यह अर्थ कदापि नहीं है कि उनमें से किसी को भी ठीक होना ही होगा) – 2022

Essay: Candidates may be required to write essays on multiple topics. They will be expected to keep closely to the subject of the essay to arrange their ideas in orderly fashion, and to write concisely. Credit will be given for effective and exact expression.

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(Download) UPSC IAS Mains Essay Exam Question Paper - 2022

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(Download) UPSC Mains 2022 Question Paper: Essay Compulsory

• Marks : 250 (125x2)
• Duration: 3 hours
• Exam Date:  16-09-2022
• Year : 2022
• Exam Date : 

Write Two Essays, choosing One from each of the Sections A and B, in about 1000-1200 words each.

Section-a (125 marks) - choose any one essay, q-1.forests are the best case studies for economic excellence., q-2.poets are the unacknowledged legislators of the world., q-3.history is a series of victories won by the scientific man over the romantic man., q-4.a ship in harbour is safe, but that is not what ship is for., download upsc mains essay (compulsory) papers pdf, section-b (125 marks)- choose any one essay, q-1.the time to repair the roof is when the sun is shining., q-2.you cannot step twice in the same river., q-3.a smile is the chosen vehicle for all ambiguities., q-4.just because you have a choice, it does not mean that any of them has to be right., click here to download full papers pdf, (e-book) upsc mains essay (compulsory) papers ( 2000-2020 ) pdf, download upsc mains gs 10 year papers pdf, download upsc pre gs 10 year papers pdf, download upsc mains gs solved papers pdf, printed study material for ias mains general studies, printed study material for ias mains essay, << go back to main page.

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UPSC Prelims Question Paper 2022 [GS Paper I and II]

Last updated on June 5, 2022 by ClearIAS Team

Union Public Service Commission conducted the Civil Services Examination (CSE) 2022 on June 05, 2022.

General Studies Paper 1 Exam Timings: 9.30 AM – 11.30 AM

General Studies Paper 2 Exam Timings: 2.30 PM – 4.30 PM

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Download UPSC Prelims Question Paper 2022 PDF: General Studies Paper 1

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June 5, 2022 at 8:45 pm

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Searched many UPSC IAS question papers on the internet but I liked your website content the best. Assam Sakori

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UPSC 2022 Question Paper PDF for IAS Prelims and Mains

In this article, Adda247 is providing the UPSC 2022 Question Paper for both Prelims GS Paper I and Paper II (CSAT) and Mains Question Papers PDFs. Read this article for more Details.

Table of Contents

UPSC 2022 Question Paper

Those in search of the UPSC 2022 Question Papers for Prelims and Mains need not look any further. To understand the nature of UPSC 2023 Prelims and Mains exam Question papers the most recommended tip from over the years is scanning the UPSC question papers for examination.

In this article, Adda247 is providing the UPSC 2022 Question Papers for both Prelims GS Paper I & Paper II (CSAT) and Mains Question Papers PDFs right here.

UPSC 2022 Question Paper Prelims

The UPSC Civil Services Examination (CSE) Preliminary Stage consists of two exams, both conducted on the same day:

• UPSC Prelims General Studies Paper 1
• UPSC Prelims General Studies Paper 2 (CSAT)

Each paper has a duration of 2 hours and is 200 marks. Negative marking applies to both papers. Aspirants should review the IAS Prelims Syllabus to gain insights into the subjects covered in the exam.

UPSC 2022 Prelims Paper General Studies Paper 1

UPSC 2022 Prelims Paper 1 is an objective test comprising a Total of 100 questions, with a total mark value of 200. It encompasses a range of subjects including History, Economy, Politics, Geography, Science and Technology, as well as Environment and Ecology.

The cumulative score achieved in UPSC 2022 Question Paper Prelims GS Paper 1 holds significant importance in determining the cutoff and confirming a candidate’s eligibility for the first stage of the UPSC Mains examination. It’s worth noting that a negative marking system is in effect, with 1/3rd of the marks being deducted for each incorrectly answered question.

Download PDF: UPSC 2022 Question Paper for Prelims GS Paper 1

UPSC 2022 Prelims Paper General Studies Paper 2 (CSAT)

The UPSC 2022 Prelims Paper 2, conducted in the second shift after the UPSC GS Paper 1, is an objective-type test comprising 80 questions with a total of 200 marks. This paper deviates slightly from General Studies Paper I, as it incorporates questions designed to evaluate candidates’ reasoning skills.

It assesses their aptitude in comprehension, analytical thinking, communication, decision-making, problem-solving, basic numeracy, and mental ability. Similar to Paper 1, there is a negative marking system in place, deducting 1/3rd of the total marks allotted for each incorrect response. However, unlike Paper 1, the nature of Paper 2 is purely qualifying. To advance to the next stage, candidates need to achieve a score of only 33% of the total marks.

Download PDF: UPSC 2022 Question Paper for Prelims GS Paper 2 (CSAT)

UPSC 2022 Question Paper Mains

The UPSC Mains examination comprises 9 conventional essay-type papers in various subjects, with two of them serving as qualifying papers. The marks earned in all the mandatory papers (Paper-I to Paper-VII) and the Interview/Personality Test are taken into account for determining the final ranking. Below is the list of the 2 Qualifying papers and the 7 merit-ranking papers in the UPSC Main Examination:

• Qualifying Papers
• Any One Indian Language from the Eighth Schedule of The Constitution of India
• Merit Ranking Papers
• General Studies Paper I
• General Studies Paper II
• General Studies Paper III
• General Studies Paper IV
• Optional Paper I
• Optional Paper II

In the article, candidates will have access to the UPSC 2022 Mains Question paper PDFs for both the qualifying papers and the merit-ranking papers.

UPSC 2022 Mains Question Paper PDF for General Studies

In this, prospective exam candidates can review and download the UPSC 2022 Mains Question papers in PDF format. By studying the UPSC Mains question papers, aspirants can assess and develop their strategy to excel in the Mains phase of the forthcoming Civil Services Examination. Download the UPSC 2022 Question Paper PDF from the link given below.

UPSC 2022 Mains Question Paper PDF for Essay

• UPSC Essay paper has two sections: A and B.
• Each section includes about four questions.
• Candidates must choose one topic from each section, answering a total of 2 essay questions.
• The word limit for each question is 1000-1200 words.
• Each question carries 125 marks, totaling around 250 marks.
• This paper is considered for merit ranking and not just for qualification.

Download PDF: UPSC 2022 Mains Question Paper For Essay

UPSC 2022 Mains Question Paper PDF for Indian Language

UPSC 2022 Mains Paper A is the obligatory Indian Language Paper among the nine papers. Those appearing for the Mains exam must choose an Indian language from the list specified in the official notification by the Union Public Service Commission.

On the other hand, Paper B is the mandatory English Language Paper. Although it’s only qualifying in nature, the English Language Paper is compulsory, and candidates must achieve a minimum of 33% marks to be eligible for inclusion in the final merit list.

UPSC 2022 Mains Question Paper PDF for Optional Paper

In the UPSC CSE Mains exam, candidates must pick one optional subject from a list of 48. This chosen subject is divided into Paper 1 and Paper 2, each worth 250 marks. It’s crucial to make a thoughtful selection because the optional subject plays a significant role in determining a candidate’s rank in the final merit list.

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What is the marks required to clear prelims?

The UPSC cut off 2022 for Prelims declared for all the categories are: General – 88.22. SC – 74.08. ST – 69.35

Is it difficult to clear prelims?

The UPSC Prelims is the first and the most difficult hurdle to clear in the UPSC Exam

Do UPSC Prelims questions repeat?

Yes, UPSC does repeat its previous year's questions in the Prelims exam.

• Previous paper
• Previous year paper

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UPSC Mains Essay Paper

The UPSC essay paper is one of the important papers of the civil services mains exam. Furthermore, the marks obtained in the UPSC essay paper 2022 will be counted for merit ranking. Thus, it is essential to give priority to essay papers in preparation.

In broader terms, candidates are required to write two essays, pick one IAS essay topics from each of sections A and B and write in about 1000-1200 words each. Moreover, each UPSC essay paper carries 125 marks, making a maximum of 250 marks.

Thus, the candidates should adhere to the best books, and strategies, and solve the previous year’s UPSC essay paper with answers to prepare well for this section.

In this article, we have shared complete details on the Essay 1 exam paper for the candidates aspiring for the upcoming UPSC IAS exam.

UPSC Essay Topics-Overview

• As per the UPSC notification , the essay paper is one of the nine subjects in the IAS main exam. Thus, the candidates are required to write essays on multiple topics.
• Hence, it is advised to stay updated with the subject of the essay to arrange their ideas in proper order and write concisely.
• Moreover, credit is usually given for effective and exact expression. The maximum mark for essay questions UPSC is 250 and the exam duration is 3 hours.

UPSC Essay Previous Year Papers

Candidates should solve past UPSC essay paper with answers to strengthen their preparation. This will improve their writing skills and also help them to understand essay UPSC topics asked in the exam over years.

Hence, we have shared below the official UPSC essay previous paper PDF link for ease of the aspirants.

How to Prepare for UPSC Essay Topics in IAS 2023 Exam?

While preparing for the IAS mains exam, candidates devote their maximum time to studying general studies and optional subjects. However, they should give equal importance to the UPSC essay paper .

Let’s look at the best preparation tips to excel in the Essay 1 exam paper .

• Inculcate the habit of reading newspaper editorials on a daily basis. It is also observed that many times essay questions are based on current affairs.
• Next, jot down relevant quotes from the newspaper/books and use them when writing an essay.
• Practice writing on the IAS essay topics related to health, women, education, science, internet, technology, etc to improve your vocabulary and overall writing skills.
• Select the essay topic wisely. Candidates should go through all the topics carefully and pick the topic they are familiar with.
• Candidates should also ensure that their essay includes an introduction, body, basic theme, and conclusion.
• Lastly, ask for feedback on the essay from the mentors, seniors, or teachers. This will help them to discover their weak points and allow them to focus more on improving the same for better results.

Best Books for UPSC Essay Paper

Along with the best preparation strategy, candidates should pick the most reliable Books for UPSC and study material for the essay paper. Let’s look at the expert-recommended books for essay preparation shared below:

Check the latest CSAT books for UPSC.

Q1. How to write an essay for IAS exam?

Ans. Candidates must prepare an outline first before writing the essay. This will also help them to prepare an introduction/conclusion, ideas, quotes, etc that can be used to write a good essay for the IAS exam.

Q2. What comes in essay paper of UPSC?

Ans. The UPSC essay paper is one of the nine subjects in the IAS main exam. Moreover, candidates need to write two essays with a word limit of 1000–1200 for each paper. Each essay paper carries 125 marks, making a maximum of 250 marks.

Q3. Which type of essay comes in IAS exam?

Ans. There are four types of essays in the IAS mains exam including narrative essay, descriptive essay, informative essay, and persuasive essay.

Q4. Is handwriting important for IAS?

Ans. Candidates will not get extra marks for good handwriting in the essay paper because the quality of the answer matters. However, bad handwriting can definitely decrease the chances of scoring high marks on the paper.

Q5. How can I improve my UPSC essay?

Ans. To improve the UPSC essay preparation , one should keep their outline consistent, avoid using too many jargon/technical terms, and practice essay writing to strengthen the preparation.

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UPSC Mains 2022 Essay Paper Pdf Download

UPSC Mains 2022 Essay Paper

In the given article, We provide UPSC Mains 2022 Essay Question Paper. Here you can read questions asked in the UPSC 2022 Essay Paper and also download UPSC Mains 2022 Essay Paper pdf. As you know previous year question paper are very important and play a guiding role in your preparation that why we provide UPSC IAS question paper for last 10 years.

Question Asked in UPSC Mains 2022 Essay Paper

The Essay Topics asked in the UPSC Mains 2022 are given below:

• Forests are the best case studies for economic excellence.
• Pets are the unacknowledged legislators of the world.
• History is a series of victories won by the scientific man over the romantic man.
• A ship in harbour is safe, but that is not what ship is for.

Section – B

1. The time to repair the roof is when the sun is shining.

2. You cannot step twice in the same river.

3. A smile is the chosen vehicle for all ambiguities.

4. Just because you have a choice, it does not mean that any of them has to be right.

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Vision IAS Essay Material Notes 2023 PDF

Vision ias essay material 2023 download pdf.

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• Previous Year Question Paper
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UPSC NDA Previous Year Question Paper PDFs

UPSC, also known as the Union Public Services Commission, administers the NDA Exam twice a year. For students who are in their 12th year of study and have graduated, there is an NDA exam. Male candidates can enroll in the National Defence Academy and become officers in the Army, Navy, and Air Force by passing the NDA Exam.

The General Ability and Mathematics papers make up the NDA Exam. Candidates frequently find Previous Year Question Papers to be helpful resources when preparing for exams. These tests provide information about the structure of the exam and aid candidates in identifying their areas of strength and weakness. It is well known that completing the NDA past year question papers enhances exam performance. For your reference, we have included NDA previous year papers in this article.

NDA & NA Previous Year Paper PDFs

Candidates preparing for the National Defence Academy Examination, also known as the NDA exam, scheduled for 21 April 2024, should start by solving previous years papers.These papers aid candidates in comprehending the structure and difficulty level of the exam. Applicants can assess their areas of weakness by looking through past year papers. Candidates can use the tables below to download Subject wise PDFs of the UPSC NDA previous year's papers.

National Defence Academy Exam (Mathematics) Previous Year Papers 

Download the UPSC National Defence Academy Mathematics subject previous year question papers PDF:

National Defence Academy Exam (General Ability Test) Previous Year Papers 

The National Defense Academy (NDA) General Ability Test (GAT) Previous Year Papers are a priceless tool for applicants getting ready for the entrance exam. These papers offer a thorough compilation of the previous year's questions and answers on a variety of subjects, including science, politics, geography, and current events. It is recommended that candidates download these question papers in order to augment their knowledge, sharpen their comprehension of crucial information, and cultivate their proficiency in answering general knowledge questions.

NDA Exam Previous Year Questions 

UPSC previous year questions are extremely helpful in the preparation process for the NDA Examination. They offer useful information about the exam format, question types, priority areas, and time management techniques. Furthermore, they help aspirants track their progress and gain confidence.

Aspirants should incorporate the practice of solving UPSC previous year papers into their study schedule, making it an integral part of their preparation strategy. This increases their chances of passing the difficult exam and fulfilling their dream of serving the country.

UPSC created NDA questions to assess candidates' analytical, problem-solving, and decision-making abilities. Reviewing previous papers allows aspirants to identify common question structures and practice answering them effectively.

Benefits of Practising with NDA Exam Previous Year Paper 

Practising with NDA previous year question papers is one of the most important steps you can take to prepare for the upcoming NDA exam. Here are some of the benefits of answering previous years question papers that you should be aware of.

• The NDA exam is extremely competitive, and the question paper of the GAT is designed to assess your knowledge and understanding of a wide range of topics. By solving UPSC previous year question papers, you will gain a good understanding of the types of questions asked, the level of difficulty, and the time required to answer them. 
• The Mathematics questions cover a wide range of mathematical principles and topics that are fundamental to the NDA curriculum. PYPs allow aspirants to improve their understanding of the mathematical principles assessed in the NDA test, as well as their problem-solving abilities.
• As you solve NDA previous year papers, you will begin to recognize your own strengths and weaknesses in various topics. This will allow you to focus your studies on the areas that require the most improvement.
• Each UPSC NDA paper is a 150-minute (2 hours and 30 minutes) exam, so you must use your time wisely to answer all questions. Solving previous year's question papers will help you determine how much time you should spend on each question.
• The more you practise, the more confident you'll be in your ability to answer exam questions. Solving NDA previous years question papers is an excellent way to boost your confidence and prepare for the exam.

How to Effectively Solve NDA PYP?

Solve NDA Previous Year Papers in the following ways to improve your performance and increase your chances of passing the exam.

Basic Techniques

• Candidates must complete the paper within the time allotted to simulate an exam setting. Sitting in a distraction-free environment and setting a countdown timer will help.
• Examine the exam questions from the previous year's UPSC NDA paper.
• Always remember that incorrect answers will result in a negative marking, so avoid speculating or simply marking the answer without carefully reading the entire question.
• When the timers go off, don't try any more questions. Compare the answers you marked to the answer key to assess your overall performance and identify any errors that need to be corrected.

Keep These Points in Mind 

• If you have diligently prepared for an exam and an answer choice appears to be completely foreign, it is most likely incorrect. In these situations, use the elimination technique. This method, while not foolproof, may help you avoid receiving negative marks on difficult questions. Rule out options that appear unlikely, thereby narrowing the options. This increases your chances of selecting the correct answer and reduces the risk of negative marking in the NDA exam.
• Avoid guessing on the NDA exam. Blindly selecting an option may result in a negative marking in the NDA entrance exam. If you're unsure about an answer, it's usually better to leave the question unanswered rather than risk losing points.
• The NDA exam places a strong emphasis on accuracy. Every answer you mark should be accurate and well-thought-out. To avoid careless mistakes that result in negative marks, make it a habit to double-check your responses before submitting them.

National Defence Academy Exam Overview 

The UPSC conducts an NDA Examination twice a year (in April and in December), which includes a Written Examination and an SSB Interview. Candidates taking the NDA 1 and NDA 2 Examination in 2024 must be aware of important exam details.  

NDA Exam Pattern 

Candidates must be aware of the exam before beginning to prepare for it. The NDA exam pattern consists of two stages: a written examination and a personality test. UPSC administers the written examination and the personality test is conducted by the Service Selection Board (SSB). Candidates must fully understand the exam pattern for the written exam. 

Explore the NDA exam pattern given in the table below:

Is PYQ enough for the UPSC NDA Exam?

What are the main benefits of solving the upsc nda previous year paper, are these previous year paper pdfs for the upsc nda exam free to download.

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03 Apr 2024: UPSC Exam Comprehensive News Analysis

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

A. GS 1 Related

Nothing here for today!!!

B. GS 2 Related

Category: INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS

1. Russia working to remove the Taliban from the terrorist list

Syllabus: Effect of policies and politics of developed and developing countries on India’s interests.

Context: Russia’s evolving relationship with the Taliban in Afghanistan and Russia’s announcement that it is working to remove the Taliban from its list of banned terrorist organisations and the broader implications of this decision.

Significance:

• The Taliban regained power in Afghanistan in 2021 after the withdrawal of U.S.-led foreign forces.
• Historical tensions between Russia and the Taliban date back to the Soviet occupation of Afghanistan in the 1980s.
• With the Taliban now in control, Russia seeks to reassess its relationship with the group to address shared security concerns.
• Russia’s announcement reflects a notable shift in its approach towards the Taliban, signalling potential normalization of relations.
• Engaging with the Taliban aims to address pressing security threats, including those posed by groups like the Islamic State in Afghanistan.
• The move underscores Russia’s strategic interests in the region, including maintaining influence and stability in Central Asia.
• It highlights the evolving geopolitical landscape in Afghanistan after the withdrawal of Western forces and the need for diplomatic recalibration.

India’s view:

• Regional Influence: India’s stance could influence South Asian dynamics.
• Security Concerns: India shares a border with Afghanistan, so any changes regarding the Taliban could impact its security interests.
• Diplomatic Relations: India’s interactions with Russia and Afghanistan may be affected.
• Counterterrorism Efforts: India’s strategies and cooperation with other countries in combating terrorism may be influenced.

Conclusion:

• Russia’s decision to engage with the Taliban signals a strategic shift driven by security concerns. 
• India’s response will be pivotal, affecting regional dynamics and security measures. This underscores the complexity of regional geopolitics and global security interests.

Nut Graf: In a significant departure from previous policies, Russia announced plans to engage with Afghanistan’s Taliban leaders and potentially remove them from its list of banned terrorist organizations. This move, driven by shared security concerns and strategic realignment, marks a pivotal shift in Russia’s approach to the Taliban amidst evolving geopolitical dynamics in Central Asia.

C. GS 3 Related

D. GS 4 Related

E. Editorials

Category: POLITY & GOVERNANCE

1. Poll campaigns in India must reflect climate issues

Syllabus: GS-2, Government policies and interventions for the development of various sectors

Mains: Significance of climate issues in poll campaigns

Context:​ Poll campaigns in India must reflect climate issues, especially in light of the recent State of the Global Climate report released by the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) , which highlights alarming global warming trends and consequences.

• Global Climate Crisis: 2023 marked the hottest year in recorded history, with significant temperature rises and various climate records being broken.
• Impact on Environment: Rising temperatures have led to glacier retreat, ocean temperature increases, diminishing ice cover, and rising sea levels, resulting in more frequent extreme weather events.
• Socio-economic Impact: Extreme weather events disrupt various activities, including agriculture, and significantly impact socio-economic development globally.
• Urgent Collective Action: The WMO report emphasizes the urgent need for collective action similar to responses during the COVID-19 pandemic to mitigate climate change.
• Global Commitments: Nations, including India, have committed to addressing climate change through international agreements like the Paris Agreement , aiming to limit temperature rise to well below 2°C.
• National Initiatives: India has launched initiatives like the National Action Plan on Climate Change (NAPCC) and the National Solar Mission to transition to renewable energy sources.

Election Season as Opportunity:

• Public Awareness: Election season provides a platform to raise public awareness about climate change and the urgency of mitigating its effects.
• Political Commitments: Political parties should clarify their action plans on climate change, enhancing transparency and allowing voters to assess their stance on this crucial issue.
• Global Leadership: India’s leadership on climate change actions will be scrutinized as it aims for global recognition and economic prosperity.
• Enhanced Public Awareness: Political parties should prioritize raising awareness about climate change and its impacts.
• Concrete Action Plans: Parties must outline specific steps to reduce global warming and mitigate its effects.
• National and Global Cooperation: Collaboration between nations and international organizations is essential for effective climate action.

Nut Graf: Incorporating climate issues into poll campaigns is imperative given the alarming trends highlighted in the recent State of the Global Climate report. Political parties should seize the opportunity of election season to raise public awareness, clarify their action plans, and demonstrate leadership in addressing climate change for a sustainable future.

F. Prelims Facts

1. Increasing Heat waves

Context: The India Meteorological Department (IMD) predicts above-average heat wave days for India, particularly impacting southern, central, east, and northwestern regions.

Key points:

• India faces challenges in meeting its power demand as hydroelectricity output experiences a significant decline, leading to increased reliance on coal.
• Climate change, including the weakening El Niño event and potential La Niña conditions, contributes to extreme weather patterns globally.

Summer Forecast:

• IMD forecasts above-normal maximum and minimum temperatures across most of India.
• Weak El Niño conditions persist, influencing sea surface temperatures and airflows, potentially exacerbating heat waves.
• January 2024 was recorded as the warmest in 175 years, with global temperatures rising.
• La Niña conditions may develop during the monsoon season, potentially intensifying rainfall across South Asia.

Causes of Increased Heat Waves:

• Climate change exacerbates the recurrence, intensity, and lethality of heat waves globally.
• Data suggests abnormal temperatures due to climate change could severely impact over 90% of India.
• Rising temperatures pose health risks, contributing to heat stress and mortality, exacerbated by El Niño weather conditions.

Election Commission’s Advisory:

• The Election Commission (EC) advises measures to manage heat wave impacts during voting, including carrying water bottles and seeking shade.
• Deadly health effects can occur if wet bulb temperatures exceed 30-35 degrees Celsius, emphasizing the importance of heat wave preparedness.
• General elections will occur in seven phases until June 1, coinciding with India’s summer and potential heat wave occurrences.

2. India’s Demographic Dividend

Context: The World Bank warns that South Asia, including India, is not effectively utilizing its demographic dividend due to insufficient job creation compared to the growing working-age population.

• Despite projecting a strong 6.0-6.1% growth for the South Asia region in 2024-25, the pace of job creation remains inadequate.
• India’s employment growth has lagged behind the growth in its working-age population from 2000-2023, leading to a decline in the country’s employment ratio.
• The World Bank emphasizes that India’s employment growth has been below average, with the employment ratio declining more than in any other South Asian country except Nepal until 2022.
• Preliminary data suggests a 3-percentage point rebound in 2023, partially reversing the decline.
• Despite India’s expected robust economic growth of 7.5% in FY23/24, the region could achieve 16% higher output growth if the share of the employed working-age population matched other Emerging Market and Developing Economies (EMDEs).

Recommendations:

• The World Bank suggests supporting women’s participation in the economy to encourage job growth.
• Increasing openness to trade and improving education are also recommended to address challenges in non-agricultural sectors and foster a conducive economic climate for business growth.

3. Kahneman’s work in psychology

Context: Daniel Kahneman, a pioneering psychologist known for his work in psychology and economics, passed away on March 27.

• Kahneman, along with Amos Tversky, made significant contributions to understanding human decision-making, forming the basis of behavioural economics.
• His work extended to areas such as attention, perception, judgment under uncertainty, loss aversion, and measuring happiness, leaving a lasting impact on various fields.
• Kahneman’s collaboration with Tversky revolutionized the study of judgment and decision-making by integrating insights from psychology and economics.
• Their work, including prospect theory and loss aversion, reshaped the understanding of how individuals make choices, with implications for economics and public policy.
• Kahneman’s contributions extended to measuring happiness, challenging traditional economic metrics, and introducing the day reconstruction method.
• His legacy includes the distinction between System 1 and System 2 thinking, although recent research suggests limitations in its universal applicability.
• Despite some limitations, Kahneman’s work has profoundly influenced psychology, behavioural economics, and various other disciplines, providing valuable insights into human cognition and decision-making processes.

Key Points:

• Collaboration with Amos Tversky revolutionized the understanding of judgment and decision-making.
• Contributions include prospect theory, loss aversion, and challenges to traditional economic metrics.
• Introduction of methods for measuring happiness and rethinking cognitive processes.
• Legacy includes the distinction between System 1 and System 2 thinking.
• Recent research suggests limitations in universal applicability but underscores enduring impact on diverse fields.

H. UPSC Prelims Practice Questions

• The Goods and Services Tax (GST) subsumed various indirect taxes levied by the Central and State governments.
• GST is a source-based tax, meaning the tax is levied on the production point.
• GST Council is the highest decision-making body regarding GST in India.

How many statements is/are correct?

• None of the above
• Statement I: The “State of the Global Climate Report” is prepared jointly by the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) and the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC).
• Statement II: It assesses the current state of the climate system and provides insights into climate change mitigation and adaptation efforts.

Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?

• Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is the correct explanation for Statement-I
• Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is not the correct explanation for Statement-I
• Statement-I is correct but Statement-II is incorrect
• Statement-I is incorrect but Statement-II is correct
• Statement-I: The demographic dividend refers to the economic benefit a country gains from having a large working-age population.
• Statement-II: A country with a high dependency ratio is likely to experience a demographic dividend.
• Mediterranean Sea
• Caspian Sea
• Arabian Sea
• The NGT has been established by an Act whereas the CPCB has been created by an executive order of the Government.
• The NGT provides environmental justice and helps reduce the burden of litigation in the higher courts whereas the CPCB promotes cleanliness of streams and wells, and aims to improve the quality of air in the country.

Which of the statements given above is/ are correct?

• Both 1 and 2
• Neither 1 nor 2

Click on the  link  for the video explanation of the above questions and answers.

I. UPSC Mains Practice Questions

• Examine the implications of Russia’s engagement with the Taliban. Discuss the potential challenges and opportunities this presents for India’s foreign policy towards Afghanistan and Central Asia. (10 marks, 150 words) [GS-2, IR]
• Analyze the potential impact of political will, particularly in election seasons, on advancing the climate change agenda. (10 marks, 150 words) [GS-2, Polity & Governance]

Read previous CNA articles here .

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[Mission 2024] Current Affairs Quiz , 3 April 2024

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The Current Affairs Quiz is a daily quiz based on the DAILY CURRENT AFFAIRS AND PIB SUMMARY from the previous day, as posted on our website. It covers all relevant news sources and is designed to test your knowledge of current events. Solving these questions will help you retain both concepts and facts relevant to the UPSC IAS civil services exam.

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1 . Question

Consider the following pairs[GI product: State]:

• Asharikandi Terracotta Craft: Kerala
• Pani Meteka Craft: Assam
• Sarthebari Metal Craft: Odisha
• Jaapi: Sikkim

How many of the above pairs are correctly matched?

• (a) Only one
• (b) Only two
• (c) Only three
• (d) All four

Explanation:

• All of the above GI products belongs to Assam [Asharikandi Terracotta Craft, Pani Meteka Craft, Sarthebari Metal Craft, Jaapi (Bamboo Headgear), Mishing Handloom Products]

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2024/04/02/gi-tags-granted-to-60-products/

2 . Question

• Pachra-Rignai: Assam
• Matabari Peda: Tripura
• Lyrnai Pottery: Meghalaya
• Chubitchi: Nagaland
• Tripura: Pachra-Rignai, Matabari Peda
• Meghalaya: Garo Textile Weaving , Lyrnai Pottery, Chubitchi

3 . Question

Which element is commonly used in atomic clocks due to its stable atomic structure?

• (b) Uranium
• (d) Hydrogen
• Context: India is deploying atomic clocks nationwide to synchronize all digital devices with Indian Standard Time, enhancing uniformity and national security.
• Cesium atomic clocks are widely used because cesium atoms have a particularly stable atomic structure, making them reliable for timekeeping purposes.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2024/04/02/atomic-clocks/

4 . Question

What is the primary method by which atomic clocks maintain accuracy?

• (a) Radioactive decay
• (b) Mechanical gears
• (c) Atomic oscillations
• (d) Solar radiation
• Atomic clocks maintain accuracy by counting the regular oscillations or vibrations of atoms. This method provides extremely precise timekeeping.

5 . Question

What term describes the phenomenon where the frequency of atomic oscillations is used to define the length of a second?

• (a) Time dilation
• (b) Atomic resonance
• (c) Time standardization
• (d) Atomic frequency standard
• Atomic frequency standard refers to the process of using the frequency of atomic oscillations, typically of cesium or other suitable atoms, to define the standard unit of time, the second.

6 . Question

‘Atoms4NetZero’ is an initiative of the

• (a) Nuclear Europe
• (b) International Atomic Energy Agency
• (c) UN Conference on Disarmament
• (d) World nuclear transport institute
• Context: World leaders from over 30 countries (including India) and the EU convened at the recently inaugurated Nuclear Energy Summit in Brussels, emphasizing nuclear power’s role in achieving energy security, climate goals, and sustainable development.
• Atoms4NetZero is an IAEA initiative that supports efforts by Member States to harness the power of nuclear energy in the transition to net zero. The initiative provides Member States and stakeholders including industry, financial institutions, and international organizations with technical expertise and scientific evidence on the potential of nuclear energy to decarbonize electricity production as well as hard-to-abate sectors such as industry and transport.

Refer; https://www.insightsonindia.com/2024/04/02/first-ever-nuclear-energy-summit/

7 . Question

Which of the following is NOT a potential application of genetic profiling?

• (a) Predicting an individual's risk of developing certain diseases.
• (b) Tailoring medical treatments based on genetic factors.
• (c) Determining a person's favorite color based on their DNA.
• (d) Identifying genetic markers associated with drug responses.
• Option (a), (b) and (d) are potential applications of genetic profiling.
• Option(c) : While genetic profiling can provide information about various aspects of an individual, such as disease risk and ancestry, determining a person’s favorite color based on their DNA is not a scientifically supported application of genetic profiling.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2024/04/02/genetic-profiling-of-captive-elephants/

8 . Question

With reference to the ‘Unstructured Supplementary Service Data’ (USSD), consider the following statements:

• USSD is a communication protocol used by mobile phones to access various services such as mobile banking, prepaid recharge, and interactive inquiries.
• USSD sessions require a stable internet connection for operation.
• USSD messages are typically shorter in length compared to SMS messages.
• USSD sessions are initiated by dialing a specific code, often starting with ‘*’ and ending with ‘#’.
• USSD transactions are encrypted end-to-end, ensuring maximum security for users’ data.

How many of the above statements are correct?

• (a) Only two
• (b) Only three
• (c) Only four
• (d) All five
• S1 is Correct: USSD (Unstructured Supplementary Service Data) is indeed a communication protocol used by mobile phones to access various services such as mobile banking, prepaid recharge, and interactive inquiries.
• S2 is Incorrect: USSD sessions do not require an internet connection. They work over the GSM network, making them accessible even on basic mobile phones without internet capability.
• S3 is Correct: USSD messages are typically shorter in length compared to SMS messages, which makes them suitable for quick interactive sessions.
• S4 is Correct: USSD sessions are initiated by dialing a specific code, often starting with ‘*’ and ending with ‘#’. These codes trigger actions or interactions with the mobile operator’s server.
• S5 is Incorrect: USSD transactions are not inherently encrypted end-to-end. While security measures may be implemented by service providers, USSD transactions do not universally guarantee encryption like some other communication protocols.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2024/04/02/ussd-based-call-forwarding/

9 . Question

Which of the following statements about H5N1 is correct?

• (a) It is a type of bacteria that primarily affects poultry.
• (b) It is a strain of influenza virus that can infect humans and birds.
• (c) It is caused by a parasitic infection transmitted through contaminated water.
• (d) It is primarily transmitted through mosquito bites.
• Context: H5N1 bird flu, highly pathogenic since 2020, threatens birds and mammals globally. It’s infected birds in 80+ countries, leading to mass culling in poultry farms.
• H5N1 is a subtype of the influenza A virus and belongs to the family Orthomyxoviridae. It is commonly known as avian influenza or bird flu. Option A is incorrect because H5N1 is a virus, not a bacterium. Option C is incorrect because H5N1 is caused by a virus, not a parasitic infection. Option D is incorrect because H5N1 is primarily transmitted through close contact with infected birds or their droppings, not through mosquito bites. Therefore, option B is the correct statement about H5N1.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2024/04/02/h5n1-bird-flu/

10 . Question

‘Katchatheevu Island’, a small uninhabited island was in news recently, is located in the

• (a) marshes of the Rann of Kutch
• (b) Palk Strait
• (c) Bay of Bengal
• (d) South China Sea
• Katchatheevu island , located in the narrow Palk Strait between India and Sri Lanka, lies approximately 20 kilometres from the Rameswaram coast of Tamil Nadu, India.

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