indian education system essay conclusion

Essay on Indian Education System for Students and Children

500+ words essay on indian education system for students and children.

The Indian education system is quite an old education system that still exists. It has produced so many genius minds that are making India proud all over the world. However, while it is one of the oldest systems, it is still not that developed when compared to others, which are in fact newer. This is so as the other countries have gone through growth and advancement, but the Indian education system is still stuck in old age. It faces a lot of problems that need to be sorted to let it reach its full potential.

Problems with Indian Education System

Our Indian education system faces a lot of problems that do not let it prosper and help other children succeed in life . The biggest problem which it has to face is the poor grading system. It judges the intelligence of a student on the basis of academics which is in the form of exam papers. That is very unfair to students who are good in their overall performance but not that good at specific subjects.

Moreover, they only strive to get good marks not paying attention to understanding what is taught. In other words, this encourages getting good marks through mugging up and not actually grasping the concept efficiently.

Furthermore, we see how the Indian education system focuses on theory more. Only a little percentage is given for practical. This makes them run after the bookish knowledge and not actually applying it to the real world. This practice makes them perplexed when they go out in the real world due to lack of practical knowledge.

Most importantly, the Indian education system does not emphasize enough on the importance of sports and arts. Students are always asked to study all the time where they get no time for other activities like sports and arts.

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How Can We Improve Indian Education System?

As the Indian Education System is facing so many problems, we need to come up with effective solutions so it improves and creates a brighter future for students . We can start by focusing on the skill development of the students. The schools and colleges must not only focus on the ranks and grades but on the analytical and creative skills of children.

In addition, subjects must not be merely taught theoretically but with practical. This will help in a better understanding of the subject without them having to mug up the whole thing due to lack of practical knowledge. Also, the syllabus must be updated with the changing times and not follow the old age pattern.

Other than that, the government and private colleges must now increase the payroll of teachers. As they clearly deserve more than what they offer. To save money, the schools hire teachers who are not qualified enough. This creates a very bad classroom environment and learning. They must be hired if they are fit for the job and not because they are working at a lesser salary.

In conclusion, the Indian education system must change for the better. It must give the students equal opportunities to shine better in the future. We need to let go of the old and traditional ways and enhance the teaching standards so our youth can get create a better world.

FAQs on Indian Education System

Q.1 What problems does the Indian Education System face?

A.1 Indian education is very old and outdated. It judges students on the basis of marks and grades ignoring the overall performance of the student. It focuses on academics side-lining arts and sports.

Q.2 How can we improve the Indian education system?

A.2 The colleges and schools must hire well and qualified teachers. They must help students to understand the concept instead of merely mugging up the whole subject.

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Indian Education Essay

Read Indian Education Essay on Vedantu

The Education of a child is one of the most important decisions a parent can make. While there are many different types of educational options available, not all are created equal. Children in India have the unique opportunity to receive a world-class education, thanks to the many excellent schools that are available. Since ancient times, India has been known for its great educational system. The country's first university, Nalanda, was founded over 1,000 years ago. Today, there are thousands of schools in India, many of which are among the best in the world.

What is Indian Education?

Indian Education is a term used to refer to the Education that is offered primarily to American Indian students. The Indian Education Act of 1972 defined its purpose as "to meet the unique educational and culturally related academic needs of American Indian children."

Similarities Between Mainstream Education and Indian Education

There are several similarities between mainstream education in America, also known as public schools, and Indian Education. Traditional public schools are subject to the same educational mandates as Indian schools overseen by the Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA). Most incorporate a core set of subjects such as English, math, social studies, and science into their curriculum. The school year is roughly 180 days long, and students attend class 5 days a week for around 6 hours each day.

Differences Between Mainstream Education and Indian Education

Despite these similarities, there are also some key differences between mainstream education and Indian Education. Perhaps the most notable is that Indian Education is often delivered in a culturally relevant and inclusive manner, which takes into account the unique needs of Native American students. This can include incorporating tribal history and culture into the curriculum, providing Native American educators, and incorporating traditional tribal values and beliefs into the school environment. In addition, Indian Education is often offered on or near reservations, while mainstream Education is not.

Essay on Indian Education

Education plays an important role in the development of an individual and makes him a knowledgeable citizen. It is the Education that makes an individual self-reliant, helps to suppress social evils, and contributes towards the development of the society and nation as a whole. Education helps in unraveling the mystery of nature. It enables us to understand and improve the working of our society. It creates conditions for a better life. Education brings out the capabilities to fight injustice happening in society. Every individual has the right to Education.

Indian Education is one of the largest and complex education systems in the world along with China. India is committed to providing basic Education to its citizens, the framework of which is defined in the National Policy of Education. Elementary Education is now compulsory in India. At the time of Independence, only 14% of India's population was literate. Now after so many decades since Independence, the number of literates has increased by fivefold.

History of Education System

The history of the Indian education system comes from the times of Ramayana and Mahabharata. The historic Indian education system is also called the Gurukula system. There were gurus then who are now known as teachers and shishyas who are called students now. The gurus and the shishyas lived together under one roof in Gurukula until the completion of their Education. The shishyas were expected to help the guru in all the daily chores as part of their learning. The children belonging to higher strata of the society were taught all the subjects from Sanskrit to Holy Scriptures and mathematics to metaphysics by the gurus. The Gurukulas during those times focused on the practical aspects of life. The students were taught in the open classroom in the surrounding area of nature. This early system of Education in India continued for many years until the modern education system came into the picture in the nineteenth century.

In the early 19th century, during the British period, the modern education system was brought into our country by Lord Thomas Babington Macaulay. The basic strength of this modernized education system was the examinations and a well-defined curriculum, which gave importance to subjects like science and mathematics and subjects like philosophy, metaphysics were given a back seat. The brick and mortar classrooms replaced the open classrooms in the Gurukulas. The essence of the guru shishya bond was taken over by a more formal relationship between the teacher and the student. To understand the progress of any student, examinations were conducted at frequent intervals. The focus of the education system shifted from learning to memorizing the concepts to score good marks in the examinations.

Problems of Indian Education System

Over a period of time, it has been observed that there are many loopholes in the system of Education in India. Instead of understanding the concepts, students started cramming and memorizing the lessons. Knowledge is given a backseat and scoring in high rankings takes importance. Modern parents have tuned their mindsets accordingly, and their goal is to ensure that their children score good marks instead of acquiring knowledge right from the primary level.

Private schools and colleges have been rapidly increasing in the country but the results produced by them are far beyond satisfactory. It has also been observed that the quality of teachers deteriorated with the passing of time. Our examination system is responsible for the wide skill gap. India is producing lakhs of engineers and professionals every year but only a fraction of this number is actually getting employed. This is because the Indian examination system focuses more on scoring good percentages rather than the actual continuous comprehensive evaluation.

Research and development, which should be the cornerstone of our system, are given the least importance. The private schools and colleges focus on the admission of more students and are least interested in the quality of their Education. This is the major reason why the faculties and the teachers lack skills and specialization. This is quite evident from the fact that a single professor is assigned to teach multiple subjects.

How Can We Improve the Indian Education System?

First and most importantly we should improve the grading system. Rote learning should be discouraged completely. Teachers and faculties should focus more on the analytical skills of the students and grade them accordingly. There should be more focus on comprehensive evaluation instead of scoring only good marks. Workshops must be organized for teachers on a regular basis to keep them updated about the latest developments in the sector of Education. At the same time, the curriculum should be reframed according to the present needs of Education in India.

Indian Education is a unique and specialized Education system that is offered primarily to Indian students. It incorporates culturally relevant and inclusive elements not found in mainstream Education but is subject to many of the same mandates .

The payroll structure of the teachers and the faculties, especially in the government institutions should be improved. This step will help in motivating the teachers to develop their skills and they will take a keen interest in grooming or shaping up a student's life and career. The government and other entities who are associated with the education sector, need to understand the importance of quality of Education. Education should be a holistic process that must focus on the overall development of the physical, emotional, social, and cognitive skills of a child. It needs to be a slow and cyclic process and must take place gradually to help the child develop into an autonomous, independent, and knowledgeable individual.

An educated individual is an individual who should be able to contribute towards the betterment of the economic and social development of the society as well as the country. The true goal of Education must exceed awarding the degrees and certificates to the students. Education is not a tool to earn livelihood, but it is a way to liberate the mind and soul of an individual.

FAQs on Indian Education Essay

1. Why is Education Important for Any Individual?

Education is important for the development of an individual. It makes an individual self-reliant, helps to suppress the social evils and contribute towards the development of the society and nation as a whole.

2. What Problems Does the Indian Education System Face?

The Indian education system focuses on rote learning. It means that the education system focuses more on memorizing instead of understanding the concepts. The grading system in the Indian education system is very poor. Teachers and faculties lack in skills and qualification. They don’t update themselves with the latest facts. Teachers are paid very less and so they lose motivation.

3. How Can the Education System Improve in India?

The education system in India should be improved by discouraging rote learning and changing the grading system. Utmost importance should be given to the research and development, which is the cornerstone of our system. Parents and teachers should focus on the overall development of a child and focus on their cognitive and analytical skills.

4. How are Women Empowered Through Education?

Education helps in empowering women. Women can voice out themselves in the society against the injustice done to them. They can be self-dependent. Women empowerment will bring a lot of development in society as well as in the nation.

5. What are the Skills Someone Needs to Acquire Through Education?

There are many skills that develop through Education, but some of the core ones include Communication, Critical Thinking, Active Listening, Leadership, etc. A truly educated individual should be able to communicate effectively with others and use critical thinking to help them make the right decisions in life. Moreover, active listening is a skill needed for introspection, and leadership is important for guiding and motivating people. All these skills are essential for the overall development of an individual. These skills help one in achieving success not only in their Education but also in professional life. One of the main reasons for the success of the western world is that they put a great deal of emphasis on education and reward students who excel in it. These skills helped in making them leaders in their respective fields.

6. What are the Educational Goals of India?

India mainly has three educational goals - Equality, Excellence and Equity. To achieve the first two goals, the government of India is making tremendous efforts by providing free Education to students belonging to weaker sections of society. This measure helps in providing opportunities to all the children irrespective of their socio-economic background. To achieve excellence in Indian Education, the Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE) has taken many initiatives, including setting up world-class institutions, promoting research activities, etc. The third goal is equity in Education. The government is implementing schemes like Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan to promote equitable distribution of resources for Education across different sections of society, including weaker and marginalized sections.

7. How Is Education Related to Employment?

Education is directly related to employment because of multiple reasons. Most importantly, qualifications are required for securing jobs. The more the qualification, the better is the chance of landing a good job. Moreover, an individual with quality education is more likely to be productive at work and do his/her tasks in a precise manner which helps their employer to achieve their goals as well. Also, the person is likely to be paid better if they have a good educational background. In a nutshell, Education helps an individual in getting a good job and earning a respectable salary.

8. How is Education Linked With Economic Development?

Education is the key to economic development because an educated person is able to contribute more to society. They are able to think innovatively and come up with new ideas that can help in improving the economic condition of their country. Moreover, they are able to work in various sectors like agriculture, manufacturing, services, etc., and contribute to the economic growth of their country. It can also be seen as a key to social development because an educated individual is able to contribute more towards societal welfare. This, in turn, plays a major role in reducing poverty and hunger levels across the world.

9. How Do We Make Education More Interesting and Interactive?

Education should be made more interesting and interactive by providing real-life examples in the classroom. For example, a mathematics teacher can explain a topic in a class by referring to a purchase receipt or tax statement of an individual. This way, students will be able to connect with what is being taught in the classroom and understand it better. Moreover, the teacher should not only rely on textbooks. Instead, they should use various other sources like newspapers, magazines, and the Internet to supplement teaching. Also, awarding marks for participation in classroom activities such as debates & discussions will help students develop public speaking skills and improve their communication. Vedantu teachers are constantly being trained in this area to provide better interactive sessions in the classroom.

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Essay on Education System

Updated on
Nov 15, 2023

The future of a country is shaped by its classrooms. Implementing a sound education system based on a holistic approach to learning is quintessential for ensuring that every student gets the best learning environment to flourish. As education is the most important and basic right, everyone should have, it is our moral duty to facilitate the perfect learning environment for our students.

With the educational journey playing the foundation role in one’s career, there are contrary views concerning the type of education system and approaches we need to take. Hence, it has become a frequently asked topic under the essay writing section in school tests as well as competitive exams. To help you with this topic, we have curated a complete guide on how to write an essay on education system, with useful tips and tricks as well as reference samples.

This Blog Includes:

How to write an essay on education system, essay on education system in india in 100 words, essay on education system in india in 200 words, sample essay on education system in 300 words, essay on new education system, essay on education system in india during covid-19, essay on education system in india: good or bad, how can we improve the indian education system, list of best education systems in the world.

Generally, the essay topics on education system revolve around analysing a specific education system, its strengths and weaknesses as well as suggesting the solutions for its improvement. You might also be asked about writing an essay on the Education system of India in which you must mention the characteristics of the history of our educational apparatus from the Gurukul Education System to the Current education system in India . You can also take notes from our exclusive blog on the New Education Policy formulated by India with a unique approach to academics. Further, your essay on education system must also imperatively elucidate the key aspects of the system and its salient features as well as an unbiased analysis of its strong characteristics as well as a critical overview of its weak areas where improvement is needed.

Format – Before drafting an essay on education system, you must know about the format of essay writing. Take a look at the following pointers which elaborate upon the general format of writing structured and impressive essays
Introduction -The education system essay introduction should provide an overview of the given topic in the introduction, i.e. highlight the recent instances or questions related to the concerned education system. When it comes to the writing style, the introduction as the first paragraph will set the tone of the whole essay thus make sure that it covers a general outline of your topic
Body of Content – After the introduction, you can start elaborating on the topic of the education system, its role in the development of a country, its key objectives, salient features (if a specific education system is given as a topic) as well as highlight its strong and weak areas. Then, you can further assess how the education system has evolved from earlier times. For example, talk about the history of the education system, and the prominent measures that contributed to its growth, amongst others. Analyse the major points thoroughly according to the essay question and then move towards the next section
Conclusion – The conclusion is the final section as you wrap up your essay underlining the major points you have mentioned. Avoid ending it abruptly, either go for an optimistic touch to it or just summarize what has been mentioned above

The education system in India comprises four levels: pre-primary, primary, secondary and senior secondary system; all these levels are well-structured and developed to systemically introduce students to the subject matter, develop their language and cognitive skills and prepare them for higher education. The Indian education system gives equal value to knowledge-based learning as well as co-curricular. Countries are now rigorously working on providing free access to education. Nowadays, being in school isn’t the same thing as before. Every individual is skilled in different fields and interests with a due focus on the set curriculum. We need a society that is more elevated towards balanced personal and professional growth .

Also Read: Importance of Education in Development

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Essay on The Indian Education System: Challenges and Opportunities 1000, 500, 300, 200 words

Essay on The Indian Education System: Challenges and Opportunities

Introduction

Essay on The Indian Education System: The Indian education system is one of the oldest in the world, with a rich history dating back to ancient times. It has undergone numerous transformations over the centuries, but it continues to play a pivotal role in shaping the future of India. This essay explores the strengths and weaknesses of the Indian education system, its historical evolution, current challenges and potential opportunities for improvement.

Essay on The Indian Education System: A Journey of Challenges and Opportunities 500 words

Essay on the indian education system: challenges and opportunities 300 words, essay on education system in india 200 words, essay on education system in india 150 words, historical evolution.

The roots of the Indian education system can be traced back to the Gurukul system, where students lived with their gurus (teachers) and received holistic education encompassing not only academic subjects but also ethics, values and life skills. This system emphasized experiential learning and individualized instruction.

During British colonial rule, the education system underwent significant changes with a focus on producing a workforce to serve the colonial administration. This period saw the establishment of institutions like the Indian Institutes of Technology (IITs) and the Indian Institutes of Management (IIMs), which have since become renowned globally.

Strengths of the Indian Education System

Diversity : India’s education system is vast and diverse, offering a wide range of subjects and courses, catering to the varied interests and talents of its students.
Quality Institutions : India boasts several prestigious institutions like the Indian Institutes of Technology (IITs), Indian Institutes of Management (IIMs), and top-tier universities that have produced exceptional graduates who excel on the global stage.
Strong Emphasis on STEM : The system places significant importance on Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) education, contributing to India’s reputation as a hub for IT and engineering professionals.
Global Diaspora : The Indian education system has produced a vast pool of skilled professionals who have excelled internationally, making India a significant contributor to the global workforce.

Challenges Faced

Quality Disparities : While India has prestigious institutions, a majority of schools and colleges, especially in rural areas, lack basic infrastructure and quality teachers. This results in a stark rural-urban divide in education.
Rote Learning : The system’s emphasis on rote memorization rather than critical thinking and problem-solving often stifles creativity and innovation among students.
Pressure and Stress : A highly competitive environment and parental expectations can place immense pressure and stress on students, leading to mental health issues.
Outdated Curriculum : The curriculum often lags behind in terms of relevance to real-world skills, emerging technologies and global trends.
Inequality : Socio-economic disparities result in unequal access to quality education, perpetuating inequality.

Opportunities for Improvement

Holistic Education : Incorporating holistic education that includes life skills, ethics and vocational training can prepare students for the complexities of the modern world.
Teacher Training : Investing in teacher training and providing incentives for educators can improve the quality of instruction across the board.
Flexible Curriculum : Regularly updating and adapting the curriculum to include relevant and contemporary subjects can better prepare students for the future job market.
Digital Education : Leveraging technology for online and distance learning can bridge the urban-rural education gap and make education more accessible.
Mental Health Support : Introducing mental health support services within educational institutions can help students cope with the pressures of academic life.

The Indian education system is at a crossroads, with both strengths and weaknesses. While it has produced brilliant minds and professionals, it also faces challenges related to quality, access and relevance. To truly harness its potential, India must address these issues and embrace reforms that prioritize holistic education, teacher development and adaptability to the changing global landscape. Only then can the Indian education system prepare its youth to excel not only in the domestic arena but also on the global stage.

Essay on The Indian Education System: An In-depth Analysis 600 words

Introduction :

The Indian education system has a rich and diverse history dating back thousands of years. With its roots in ancient Gurukul systems, it has evolved significantly over time to meet the changing needs of society. This essay delves into the Indian education system, its structure, challenges, and prospects.

Historical Background:

The origins of the Indian education system can be traced back to ancient times when education was imparted in Gurukuls, informal centers of learning under the guidance of a guru (teacher). This system emphasized holistic education, including subjects like mathematics, science, philosophy and ethics. However, the British colonial era (from the 18th to the 20th century) brought significant changes to India’s education system, introducing a more standardized, Westernized approach.

Structure of the Indian Education System:

Pre-primary and Primary Education: The foundation of education in India starts with pre-primary and primary education, typically from ages 3 to 14. This stage is crucial for building a strong educational base.
Secondary Education: After completing primary education, students move on to secondary education, which spans from grades 9 to 12. Here, they follow the curriculum set by respective state boards or national boards like the CBSE (Central Board of Secondary Education).
Higher Education: After completing secondary education, students have the option to pursue various streams, including science, arts, commerce and vocational courses. India has a vast higher education system comprising universities, colleges, and institutes offering undergraduate, postgraduate and doctoral programs.
Technical and Professional Education: India boasts prestigious institutions like the Indian Institutes of Technology (IITs) and the Indian Institutes of Management (IIMs) that offer specialized technical and management education.

Challenges in the Indian Education System:

Quality Disparities: There is a significant gap in the quality of education between urban and rural areas. Urban schools tend to have better infrastructure and teaching facilities, while rural schools often lack essential resources.
Rote Learning: The system is often criticized for promoting rote learning over critical thinking and practical skills. This limits students’ creativity and problem-solving abilities.
Overemphasis on Exams: The Indian education system is notorious for its heavy reliance on high-stakes exams, which can lead to immense stress and a narrow focus on exam-oriented education.
Lack of Vocational Education: While there has been progress in recent years, vocational education remains underdeveloped in India. This limits opportunities for skill development and employment.
Gender Disparities: Gender inequality still exists, with fewer girls having access to education, especially in rural areas.

Prospects for Reform:

RTE Act: The Right to Education (RTE) Act of 2009 is a significant step towards universalizing education by ensuring free and compulsory education for all children aged 6 to 14.
Emphasis on Skill Development: There is a growing recognition of the importance of skill-based education to prepare students for the job market. Initiatives like Skill India aim to address this need.
Digitalization: The use of technology in education, especially after the COVID-19 pandemic, has gained momentum, making education more accessible and interactive.
International Collaboration: Collaboration with foreign universities and institutions is on the rise, leading to the establishment of international campuses in India, which can enhance the quality of education.

Conclusion:

The Indian education system has a rich history but faces numerous challenges. However, ongoing reforms and initiatives offer hope for a brighter future. A shift towards a more holistic, skill-based and inclusive approach can help prepare the youth of India for the complex challenges of the 21st century and beyond, ensuring that education remains a tool for personal and national development.

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The Indian education system is a complex and multifaceted structure that has evolved over centuries. It is a critical component of the nation’s growth and development, playing a pivotal role in shaping the lives and aspirations of millions of young Indians. This short essay explores the Indian education system, highlighting its strengths, challenges and potential for transformation.

Historical Roots

The roots of the Indian education system can be traced back to ancient times, with institutions like Nalanda and Takshashila renowned for their pursuit of knowledge. The traditional Gurukul system, where students lived with teachers, was a hallmark of early Indian education. However, over time, the education system underwent significant changes, especially during British colonial rule, leading to the present structure.

Diversity and Inclusivity : One of the system’s strengths is its inclusivity, catering to a diverse population with various languages, cultures and backgrounds. India offers a wide range of educational boards and mediums, allowing students to choose a system that suits them best.
Strong Foundation in Science and Technology: The country has produced numerous skilled professionals who have excelled in fields such as engineering, medicine and information technology. Indian institutes like the Indian Institutes of Technology (IITs) and Indian Institutes of Management (IIMs) are globally recognized for their excellence.
Competitive Examinations: India’s rigorous competitive examination system prepares students for challenges in various fields. Exams like the Joint Entrance Examination (JEE) and the Union Public Service Commission (UPSC) exam are examples of such assessments.
Inequality : The education system grapples with stark inequalities, both in access and quality. Disparities in infrastructure, teacher quality and educational resources persist, creating a divide between urban and rural areas.
Rote Learning : The emphasis on rote learning, where students memorize information without understanding its practical application, has been criticized for stifling creativity and critical thinking.
Pressure and Stress: The intense competition for limited seats in prestigious institutions places immense pressure on students, often resulting in stress and mental health issues.
Outdated Curriculum: The curriculum often lacks relevance to real-world challenges, leading to a gap between classroom education and practical skills needed for employment.

Opportunities for Reform

Curriculum Overhaul : Updating the curriculum to incorporate practical skills, vocational training and a broader understanding of subjects can make education more relevant and engaging.
Digitalization : Leveraging technology for education delivery can help bridge the urban-rural divide and improve access to quality education.
Teacher Training: Investing in teacher training and professional development can enhance the quality of instruction and foster a more interactive learning environment.
Emphasis on Holistic Development : Encouraging extracurricular activities, sports and arts alongside academics can promote holistic development and reduce the stress on students.

The Indian education system has come a long way, reflecting both its strengths and challenges. While it has produced outstanding professionals, it also faces the task of addressing inequalities and adapting to the changing needs of a globalized world. Through reforms, inclusivity and a focus on holistic development, India can continue to harness the potential of its vast youth population and build a brighter future for generations to come.

The Indian education system is a vast and intricate structure that has evolved over centuries. It comprises various stages, from primary to higher education, and plays a pivotal role in shaping the country’s future. However, it faces both challenges and opportunities in its quest for excellence.

One of the most significant challenges facing the Indian education system is accessibility. While strides have been made to increase enrolment, especially at the primary level, there is still a wide gap in access to quality education, particularly in rural areas. Infrastructure deficits, inadequate teacher training, and socio-economic disparities are obstacles that hinder many children from receiving a good education.

Another pressing issue is the rote-learning culture prevalent in the system. Traditional assessment methods often prioritize memorization over critical thinking and problem-solving skills. This can stifle creativity and hinder students from developing a deeper understanding of subjects.

However, there are opportunities for improvement. The digital revolution has the potential to bridge educational gaps. Online learning platforms and educational apps can provide access to quality resources, even in remote areas. Additionally, the National Education Policy 2020 aims to transform the system by focusing on holistic learning, vocational skills, and flexibility in curriculum choices.

Moreover, India’s diverse population is a unique asset. It fosters a rich cultural exchange and can be leveraged to create a more inclusive and globalized education system that prepares students for a competitive world.

In conclusion, the Indian education system faces challenges related to accessibility and outdated teaching methods. However, it also possesses significant opportunities for improvement through digital integration, policy reforms, and embracing diversity. Addressing these challenges while capitalizing on these opportunities is essential for shaping a brighter future for India’s students.

The education system in India is a complex and diverse landscape that reflects the country’s vast cultural and socioeconomic diversity. While it has made significant progress over the years, it still faces numerous challenges.

One of the key strengths of the Indian education system is its emphasis on academic excellence. India is home to some prestigious institutions like the Indian Institutes of Technology (IITs) and Indian Institutes of Management (IIMs), which are renowned globally. Additionally, the country has a rich tradition of producing skilled professionals in fields such as medicine, engineering, and IT.

However, there are significant issues that need to be addressed. The system often places excessive pressure on students to excel in rote memorization rather than promoting critical thinking and creativity. The quality of education varies widely between urban and rural areas, with rural regions often lacking access to quality schools and teachers. Furthermore, socio-economic disparities persist, limiting educational opportunities for many.

In recent years, there has been a push for educational reform, with initiatives aimed at improving infrastructure, curriculum and teacher training. Additionally, the promotion of digital learning and vocational education is gaining momentum.

In conclusion, while the Indian education system has notable strengths, it also faces substantial challenges related to quality, accessibility and equity. Continued efforts to reform and modernize the system are essential to ensure that all children in India have access to a high-quality education.

The education system in India is a complex and multifaceted structure that plays a pivotal role in shaping the nation’s future. While it has made significant progress in recent years, challenges persist.

India’s education system consists of several stages, starting with primary education, followed by secondary and higher education. The government has implemented various schemes to promote enrollment and quality in primary schools, but issues like infrastructure gaps and teacher shortages persist, particularly in rural areas.

Secondary education faces issues of standardized curricula and a heavy emphasis on rote learning, which can hinder critical thinking and creativity. The higher education system, on the other hand, boasts prestigious institutions like the IITs and IIMs, but access and quality vary greatly across the country.

To address these challenges, India must focus on improving infrastructure, teacher training and curriculum development. Additionally, promoting a more holistic and skill-oriented approach to education can better prepare students for the demands of the modern world. Overall, the evolution of India’s education system is critical for the nation’s socio-economic development and global competitiveness.

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Indian Education System Essay

In this Indian Education System Essay , we had described the education system in India, its importance & how to improve the education system in India.

With over 13, 00,000+ schools and over 315 million enrollments, India has the largest education system in the world.

Due to educational reforms since the 80s, pre-school and primary schools have been made available to all children in India.

According to the Right to Education Act 2009, schooling is free and compulsory for all children in the age group of 6 to 14 years.

Most schools in India pay attention to academics and pay less attention to extra-curricular activities; the Indian education system follows a 10 + 2 + 3 pattern.

Essay on Indian Education System 200 words:

The Indian education system is quite different from foreign nations.

In Western countries, the syllabus is considered to be quite light and based on practical knowledge, while in India the focus is on theoretical knowledge and rote scores.

Students are expected to read all the chapters and bring good grades in the classroom.

The marking system in Indian schools starts with primary classes, putting the burden on young children, the competition is increasing day by day.

Parents want their children to perform better than their peers and teachers want their class to do better than other classes.

The need to stay ahead of the competition makes them so blind that they don’t even realize that they are pushing children in the wrong direction.

At an age when students should be allowed to explore their interests and improve their creative side, they are pressured to follow a set curriculum and to get good marks.

Instead of understanding the various concepts of Mathematics, Physics and other subjects, students are given the full focus on learning the chapter.

Due to this, they are unable to take practical knowledge and are unable to make decisions for themselves further in life and cannot even choose a profession according to their interest.

Therefore, the basis of the Indian education system is very unfair.

Indian Education System Essay 300 words:

The Indian education system is said to be old and worldly.

At a time when the world is looking for creative and enthusiastic people, Indian schools are training young minds with bookish knowledge that is making them bibliophiles and preventing them from becoming a creative person.

There is no freedom to suggest or share ideas, there is a serious need for reform in the Indian education system which in turn can help to develop smarter individuals.

Need to Think Creatively:

If we want to make new inventions, then there is a need to bring positive changes in society and bring prosperity on a personal level.

However, unfortunately, our schools train us otherwise. They connect us to a defined study schedule and keep us so busy completing assignments and learning theoretical lessons that there is no room for creativity.

The Indian education system has to be changed for creative thinking.

Schools should focus on activities that challenge the student’s mind, improve their analytical skills and enhance their creative thinking ability, this will help them perform better in different areas.

All-round Development Required:

The primary focus of the Indian education system is on academics.

The focus is not on understanding the concept and increasing knowledge, but just on mug lessons to understand them with or without the sole purpose of achieving good marks.

Even though some schools have extra-curricular activities, there is hardly one class per week for these activities.

Education in Indian schools has been reduced to acquiring only theoretical knowledge which is not sufficient to raise an intelligent and responsible person.

The system should be changed to ensure the all-round development of students.

Conclusion:

Those in power must understand that the Indian education system needs serious reforms.

The system must be changed to develop students spiritually, morally, physically and mentally.

Education System in India Essay 400 words:

The Indian education system has seen quite a few changes since its beginning, it has changed with changing times and with the change in society.

However, whether these changes and developments are for good is still a question.

Since ancient times, children were sent to teachers to learn lessons on various subjects and to add value to their lives and to make them efficient to lead self-reliant lives.

Gurukuls were established in different parts of the country, children used to go to Gurukul to get an education.

They used to stay in his ashram with his guru (teacher) until he completed his education.

Students were taught various skills, given lessons in various subjects and also involved in household chores to ensure their all-round development.

Changes by the British in the Indian Education System:

As the British colonized India, the Gurukul system began to erode as the British established schools that followed a separate education system.

The subjects taught in these schools were quite different from the subjects taught in Gurukuls and study sessions were conducted similarly.

There was a sudden change in the entire education system of India.

The focus shifted from students’ all-round development to academic performance, however, one thing changed for good during this period, is that girls also started taking education and enrolled in schools.

Introduction to Educomp Smart Classes:

The education system introduced by the British is still prevalent in India.

However, with the advancement in technology many schools have adopted new means to provide education to the students. Educomp Smart classrooms have been introduced in schools.

These classes have brought about a positive change unlike earlier times when students only learned from books, they now see their lessons on a large widescreen installed in their classroom rooms.

This makes the learning experience interesting and helps students understand better.

Apart from this, many extra-curricular activities are also being started by the schools for the all-round development of the students.

However, the marking system is still rigid and students have to focus largely on their academics.

Therefore, there has been a major change in the Indian education system since ancient times.

However, we need further improvement in the system for proper development of students.

Indian Education System Essay 500 words:

The Indian education system is said to be largely defective. It does more harm than benefit to young minds.

However, some may argue that it gives students a good platform because it challenges their minds and focuses on the power to increase their satisfaction.

The merits and demerits of the Indian education system:

Lack of Practical Knowledge:

The focus of the Indian education system is on the theoretical part. Teachers read from the book during classes and explain the concepts orally.

Students are expected to understand complex concepts theoretically as well. The need to impart practical knowledge is not felt even when it is highly necessary.

Focus on grades:

The focus of Indian schools is on designing chapters to get good grades. Teachers do not bother if students have understood the concept or not, they all see what marks they have scored.

No importance for all-round development:

The focus is only on studies. No attempt is made to build the character of the student or his physical health. Schools do not contribute to the overall development of their students.

Over-burden of Studies:

There is a burden on students. They study for a long time in school and are given a pile of household chores to complete at home.

Also, regular classroom tests, first-term exams, weekly exams and mid-term exams put a lot of pressure on young minds.

Positive Points of Indian Education:

Some rules of the Indian education system are as follows:

Provides knowledge on Various Subjects:

The Indian education system encompasses a vast curriculum and imparts knowledge on various subjects including Mathematics, Environmental Sciences, Ethical Sciences, Social Sciences, English, Hindi and Computer Science to name a few.

All these subjects form part of the syllabus from primary classes. Therefore, students acquire knowledge about various subjects from an early age.

Enhances Discipline:

Schools in India are very particular about their timings, time tables, ethical codes, marking systems and study schedules.

Students are required to follow the rules set by the school otherwise they are punished. This is a good way to increase discipline in students.

Increases understanding of power:

Due to the marking and ranking system in Indian schools, students are required to learn their lessons well.

They need to do this to get good marks and get a higher rank than their classmates. They seek different ways to focus and for better understanding.

Those who identify tools that help them understand them better can increase their grasping power which helps them throughout their life.

The Indian education system has been criticized from time to time.

There is a tremendous need to change this system to ensure the proper development of our younger generation.

Also, read 1. Globalization Essay 2. Essay on Education 3. Discipline Essay

Essay on Indian Education System in India 700 words:

Education is the criterion of social control, personality building and social and economic progress in any nation or society. India’s current education system is based on the British model, which was implemented in 1835 AD.

Pre-school Education (Play School):

Education is not compulsory at this level, but it is very popular in urban and semi-urban areas.

Childhood Montessori schools or sports schools have been opened for children up to the age of 3 years.

The preschool system has been further divided into playschools and kindergarten.

Primary School:

Primary education is compulsory for all children in India. One to fifth-grade children in the age group of 6 to 10 years is in the primary education system of India.

Pre-secondary school:

Children aged between 11 and 14 are placed under the middle school, who fall between sixth to eighth grades.

Secondary school (High School):

Secondary schools are designed for children in the age group of 16 to 17, from ninth to tenth grade.

Higher Secondary School:

It is also popular in India under the name 10 + 2. In this, students choose their specific field of study (science, commerce, arts).

Students in this level typically belong to the age group of 16 and 18 years.

Supreme organization:

The NCERT or National Council of Educational Research and Training is the main body for all courses.

The various curriculum bodies that govern the school education system are:

Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE):

There are currently 262+ schools under CBSE. CBSE is recognized by the Government of India and all universities and colleges in India.

All Kendriya Vidyalayas are affiliated to CBSE.

Indian School Certificate Examination Council (ISCE):

It is a private board of education in India. Conducts ICSE exams for class X and ISC exams for class 12. About 1,900 schools belong to the CISCE board.

State Government Boards:

All states have their educational boards, which are regulated and supervised by the state governments.

Many Indian schools belong to various state boards, the oldest UP board was established in 1922.

Some of the other popular state boards are Maharashtra State Board, West Bengal State Board, Madhya Pradesh and Andhra Pradesh.

National Open Schooling Institute (NIOS):

It was established by the Ministry of Human Resource Development, it is a board for distance education & provides affordable but quality education in remote areas.

Presently there are 3,827 educational centres, 1,830 vocational centres and 690 accredited agencies under NIOS.

Higher education in India:

After completing class 12 or higher secondary examination, students are admitted to various colleges and institutes to obtain a bachelor’s degree.

He has the option of choosing the main subject of his choice, in which he can choose subjects like Science, Arts or Commerce or Engineering, Law or Medicine.

The main institution of higher education in India is UGC or the University Grants Commission.

As of 2012, there were 152 Central Universities, 191 Private Universities and 316 State Universities.

It is based on pharmaceutical science and technology, so there are many technical institutes in India which seek admission through general entrance examinations.

Technical education in India:

Technical education in India is regulated by AICTE, which was enacted in 1987 through an Act of Parliament.

The main institutes providing the world’s technical services in the field of technology in India are Indian Institute of Technology, Indian Institute of Space Science and Technology, National Institute of Technology and Indian Institute of Information Technology, Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Petroleum Technology.

Distance Education in India:

Indira Gandhi National Open University or IGNOU coordinates distance education at the higher education level.

The District Education Council (DEC), an official of IGNOU, is coordinating correspondence courses at 13 state open universities and traditional universities of 119 institutes.

Also, read 1. Technology Essay 2. Teachers day Essay 3. My School Essay

Indian Education System Essay Conclusion:

Education is the criterion of social control, personality building and social and economic progress in any nation or society.

India’s current education system is based on the British model, which was implemented in 1835 AD.

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4 thoughts on “Indian Education System Essay”

Thanks to your article, I really appreciate the chance of allowing me to discuss this topic Education. According to the Constitution of the Republic of Turkey, every citizen has the right to education which is free of charge for the compulsory primary education. No one shall be deprived of the right of education. The scope of the right to education shall be defined and regulated by law. The freedom of education does not relieve the individual from loyalty to the Constitution.

Thank you, Ferdinard Orumgbe, for your valuable comment! Read our other articles as well…

You have well describe post about Indian education system. Our education system is suffering from this current situation.

Even though the education system has evolved over the years, there are still huge challenges faced by the Indian Education System, due to which it isn’t showing much progress.

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Education System In India Essay

Indian education reformers want to narrow the disparity in student achievement between rural and urban areas. India's educators work hard to overcome their country's challenges in providing quality education to all its citizens. Here are some sample essays on the education system in India.

100 Words Essay On Education System In India

India's education system is ideal for providing its students with a solid academic foundation. It emphasises lifelong learning and encourages its students to pursue higher education. It also develops the students' language skills by allowing them to study in both English and Indian languages. Such courses encourage ideal attitudes toward their nation and its people- creating a positive atmosphere for learning and growth.

India surrounds its students with Indian history, culture, religion, and literature throughout their schooling years. It promotes patriotism through encouraging students to study Indian history and culture. This can help them develop a sense of cultural pride that can inspire them to support the development of their home country.

200 Words Essay On Education System In India

Education is the most important aspect of any society. It is the foundation on which a society is built and the tool that allows its citizens to make the most of their lives. It allows the country to educate its people and earn revenue from their talents. However, there are always 2 sides to a coin, along with benefits there are also some issues.

Issues In The Indian Education System

The Indian education system is in a state of flux. A number of issues have cropped up in recent years, and there seems to be no clear solution in sight.

One of the biggest problems is the disparity between urban and rural students. The quality of education that students in rural areas receive is quite poor, and they often don't have access to the same resources as their urban counterparts. This leads to a huge achievement gap between students from different backgrounds.

There are also concerns about the level of education that students are receiving. Many experts believe that the curriculum is outdated and does not prepare students for the modern world. In addition, there is a lot of emphasis on rote learning, which does not allow students to think creatively or critically.

500 Words Essay On Education System In India

The education system in India is plagued with a number of issues that have a direct impact on the students. Addressing these issues will require systemic changes that ensure all students can access adequate resources.

Challenges of Accessibility and Quality

Let's take a closer look at two of the biggest challenges facing India's education system: accessibility and quality.

Accessibility is a huge issue in India. Due to poverty and the lack of infrastructure, many rural areas and poor urban neighbourhoods don't have adequate schools or teachers. As a result, many children are denied the right to an education.

And even when children have access to education, it's often of poor quality. Many schools are overcrowded and underfunded, which means that students don't have access to good teachers or up-to-date textbooks and other learning materials.

Impact of Gender Inequality

One issue impacting the students is gender inequality. Boys and girls are not given an equal opportunity to receive an education. This needs to change if India wants to become a developed nation. Girls need to be given the same opportunities as boys so that they can contribute to the growth of the country. There are many solutions that have been proposed to address this issue, but more needs to be done to implement them successfully.

Struggles of India’s Rural Areas

For many parts of the country, especially rural areas, the issues in India’s education system run even deeper. Much of the Indian population is still living without access to educational resources and other basic needs. To make matters worse, a large number of these people belong to marginalised communities, like those living in poverty or facing discrimination based on factors like gender or caste.

In rural areas, most schools are underfunded and lack basic facilities. These schools face varying levels of neglect when it comes to providing adequate teacher support as well as basic needs such as toilets, clean drinking water, and well-maintained buildings. As a result, attendance rates at primary schools are often very low and many drop out before completing schooling altogether.

Solutions for Improved Education

The Indian government has taken various steps to ensure that a quality education is accessible for all. In 2020, the government launched a new initiative called ‘National Education Policy’ (NEP) which promises to set up a new educational system in India with increased access, improved quality, and greater equity. This initiative will focus on strengthening school education by providing more resources and more qualified teachers, and introducing vocational training programs as an alternative to traditional education.

NEP also sets out some objectives for higher education that aim to make learning more interesting and accessible. These include setting up new autonomous colleges for research purposes, and improving the availability of faculty in universities. NEP also aims to bridge the digital divide by making information communication technology (ICT) an integral part of teaching and learning.

Furthermore, NEP plans to focus on addressing gender inequalities in the Indian education system by introducing measures such as affirmative action policies, gender sensitization training, flexible learning options and financial assistance schemes specifically for women. These strategies go a long way towards improving India’s educational system and ensuring better outcomes for students across the country.

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Essay on Indian Education System for Students and Children | PDF Download

Long Essay on Indian Education System

Education plays a noteworthy part in individual life and also in the evolution of the nation. Indian Education is quite an old education system. India is the largest education system in the world. Ever since Independence, India has always been focusing on civilizing the literacy rate in the country. Many measures are implemented by the government to improve the quality of education in India.

The Indian education system had a U-turn during the rule of the British Government, it was developed over time. Our education system evolved with the establishment of the nation by the Britishers. As they wanted few literate people to help them in governing the state, they introduced contemporary education.

History of Indian Education System

The education in India is prosperous and encouraging. In the prehistoric days, scholars and gurus convey tutoring orally, although, with the innovation of alphabets, the writing form came into existence. Books were not accessible during ancient times, palm leaves and bark of the trees were the media for writing. The teaching school was temples and community centers.

Once Buddhism broadened in India, education was accessible to everybody. During this time many universities came into subsistence. Universities like Nalanda, Vikramshila, and Takshashila were established. Nalanda University was given the most prominence, it burgeoned from the fifth century to the 13th century. It consisted of ten thousand students and the teachers on its spin at the lone moment in time.

Later many universities and secondary schools were established in cities like Allahabad, Lucknow, and Delhi. The Hindu and Muslim relations were tremendous in the Medieval period. The knowledge and information in the fields of architecture, painting, philosophy, culture, traditions, doctrine, medicine, astrology, fine arts, religious studies, and arithmetic were enhanced.

Soon after the British indoors India, the education system took a spin and English education came into survival along with the aid of European missionaries. Ever since Western education had significance in the country.

India is a country with a vast education system in the whole world. It has hundreds of institutions in higher education and thousands of colleges allied to them. Our country has placed itself contentedly as a country that endows supremacy in higher education to its citizens in detail and to the world in common.

Indian Education has provided many genius minds that are making and will be making our country proud all over the world. Indian students and proficient people are serving the world and our motherland.

Current Education System In India

The Education system of India is primarily classified into:

The Primary Education
Secondary Education
Senior Secondary Education
Higher Education
Primary Education is the knowledge of kids acquired from Grade 1 to Grade 8.
Secondary Education in Grade 9th and Grade 10th.
Senior Secondary education is the 11th and 12th standard, which are termed Intermediate or PUC.

Higher Education starts from the completion of the Intermediate, Students opt for their Graduation course, in various fields based on their interests and knowledge. This course will have a duration of three to five years. Next is Post Graduation which will be dependent on the interest of the students. This course will be for the duration of two or three years. Education in India also offers Scholarships, distance education, and open universities. Through which people can acquire education and progress of the nation is superior.

Indian Education has the World Class Higher Educational Institutions which can contend with the International Educational Institutes. This institution gave privilege and gratitude to the Indian Education System. Some of the institutions that participate with the International systems are the IIT’s, IIM’s, JNTU, IIS, National Law School.

Indian Education provides most of the knowledge in the form of theories and lessons based on the books. The realistic view over knowledge and information is zilch. Students are judged based on their grades and scores in the exams. This is the foremost problem of the education system in India. For instance, a student may be good at a subject and lack in other, the intelligence should not be judged on the marks scored. The marks scored by students mostly are not based on the concept of understanding, they sometimes just mug up the answers. So not just the theories and lessons that must be taught to the students, practical knowledge and experiences must also be given importance. Which in turn, gives them courage and motivation for facing the real world. And also education just gives significance to academics, sports and arts are not encouraged.

Measures To Improve The Quality Of Education

Practical knowledge of the subject must be introduced in the education system.
The skills and Interests of the students also must be accentuated.
The old syllabus must be substituted with the modern system of education.
Equipped and trained teachers and staff must be implemented for teaching.

Conclusion: Indian Education System is an effective system that develops citizens for a better future. If proper measures are implemented in this field. Indian Education System will be the leading and efficient one.

Dear Students and Children, you can download the Indian Education System Essay in the Hand Written Format by Clicking the Below Click Here Link.

Education in India – A Detailed Analysis

Last updated on April 21, 2024 by ClearIAS Team

This article is a detailed analysis of the Education System of India.

The post covers various aspects of the problems faced by the Indian Education sector, the Constitutional provisions related to education, and the education policies adopted by modern India.

History of Education in India

India has a rich tradition of imparting knowledge.

The ‘gurukul’ was a type of education system in ancient India with shishya (students) living with the guru in the same house. Nalanda has the oldest university system of education in the world. Students from across the world were attracted to Indian knowledge systems.

Many branches of the knowledge system had their origin in India. Education was considered a higher virtue in ancient India.

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However, the renaissance and scientific thinking as happened in Europe didn’t happen in India at that time.

The British who took control of the Indian affairs by that time had different priorities. Education in British India initially lagged a lot.

However, later, the British established the modern education system still followed in India. They replaced age-old systems of education in the country with English ways .

Still, the education system in India needs a lot of reforms.

Current Status of Education in India: Data from Census 2011

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Literacy rate in India as per Census 2011: 74%.
Literacy rate: Male: 82.1%; Female: 65.5%
Kerala tops the rankings, followed by Delhi, Maharashtra, and Tamil Nadu.
Bihar is the lowest among states, followed by Arunachal Pradesh, Rajasthan, Jharkhand, etc., however, they are improving their position.
Bihar has a literacy rate of 63.8%, and that of women is 53.3%.
Literacy rates for both adults as well as youths have increased, still, the absolute number of illiterates in India is as much as India’s population was at the time of independence.
The gender gap in terms of literacy began to narrow first in 1991 and the pace has accelerated, however still lags far behind the global female literacy rate of 7% (UNESCO 2015).
There are large state variations in the gender gap.
However, during 2001 – 2011, the male literacy rate increased by 6 percentage points but female literacy increased by nearly 12 percentage points. Achievement in female literacy in Bihar is noteworthy: from 33% in 2001 to 53% in 2011.
Be that as it may, India is still lagging behind the world literacy rate of 86.3%(UNESCO 2015). A major group of states lies in the average rank i.e. just above the national level of 64.8 percent.

Indian Education System: The Present Pyramidal Structure

The Indian education system can broadly be considered as a pyramidal structure:

Pre-primary level: 5-6 years of age.
Primary (elementary) level: 6-14 years of age. Elementary-level education is guaranteed by our constitution under Article 21 A . For this level, the government has introduced Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan (SSA) under the Right To Education(RTE) Act.
Secondary level: Age group between 14-18. For this level, the government has extended SSA to secondary education in the form of the Rashtriya Madhyamik Shiksha Abhiyan .
Higher education: generally of three levels: UG→ PG→ MPhil/PhD. To cater to the requirements of higher education, the government has introduced Rashtriya Uchhattar Shiksha Abhiyan (RUSA).

Read: Examination System in India

Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) related to Education

Goal 4 of SDG : Education for all – ensures equitable, inclusive, and quality education along with the promotion of lifelong learning opportunities for all by 2030.

Provisions in the Indian Constitution related to Education

Under Article 45 in DPSP , it was mentioned that the government should provide free and compulsory education for all children up to the age of 14 years within 10 years from the commencement of the Constitution. As this was not achieved, Article 21A was introduced by the 86th Constitutional Amendment Act of 2002 , making elementary education a fundamental right rather than a directive principle. Article 45 was amended to provide for early childhood care and education to children below the age of six years.
To implement Article 21A, the government legislated the RTE Act. Under this act, SSA – Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan – got a further impetus. SSA aims to provide Universalization of Elementary Education (UEE) in a time-bound manner.
SSA has been operational since 2000-2001. Its roots go back to 1993-1994 when the District Primary Education Programme (DPEP) was launched. However, under the RTE Act, it got legal backing.

RTE Act 2009

86th Amendment Act 2002 introduced Article 21-A, which provides for free and compulsory education of all children in the age group of six to fourteen years as a Fundamental Right.
The Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education (RTE) Act was enacted to implement this fundamental right.

Provisions of the RTE Act

‘Compulsory education’ means an obligation of the government to provide free elementary education and ensure compulsory admission, attendance, and completion of elementary education.
Provision for a non-admitted child to be admitted to an age-appropriate class.
Rational deployment of teachers, ensuring that there is no urban-rural imbalance in their postings.
Prohibition of deployment of teachers for non-educational work, other than services like decennial census, elections, etc.
It prohibits (a) physical punishment and mental harassment (b) screening procedures for admission of children (c) capitation fees (d) private tuition by teachers (e) running of schools without recognition.
Development of curriculum in consonance with the values enshrined in the constitution, ensuring all-around development of the child, building a system of child-friendly and child-centered learning.
To further inclusiveness, 25% reservation is provided for disadvantaged students in private schools.

Criticisms of the RTE Act

Even though the RTE + SSA have increased access to schools, resulting in a high enrollment rate, dropout rates increased in tandem. However, there is inadequate attention given to this scenario.
There is a fear of financial burden on the government for teacher recruitment and training.
The grey area of teacher transfer is also not helping the cause.
Since all state holidays are not relevant for all localities, such a calendar preparation by local authorities can increase attendance and can also encourage local panchayats to take ownership of schools.
RTE students in private schools are paying extra fees as the schools claim that the government fund provided for the same is not adequate.
Most private schools treat RTE as charity and demand that the onus of universalizing education should be on the government’s head rather than putting pressure on them.
70% of students are in government schools. So it must be fixed in priority, by providing infrastructure , teacher quality , and targeted learning for children from disadvantaged groups to provide an equitable education system.
Under the RTE Act, till class 8, students should not be failed in exams. This is called the No detention policy. It had reduced dropout rates.
There is growing criticism of the policy resulting in reducing the quality of elementary education. Hence the RTE Act was amended to scrap the policy.
RTE Act prioritized schooling of children only from the age of 6, thus ignoring pre-school education. Kothari Commission had recommended the establishment of a center for the development of pre-primary education in each district.
District Information System for Education (DISE) report states that 30% of primary and 15% of upper primary schools have higher PTRs.
According to the Economic Survey 2018-19, the PTR at the national level for primary schools is 23 and 27 for secondary schools. Thus PTR appears to be satisfactory, as there are sufficient teachers. However, the main issue is a balanced deployment of teachers based on student strength.
Even though the Student-Classroom ratio (SCR) improved in almost all of the States, there is disparity across the country.

Modern Education in India: The Evolution of the System through various policies

The British government had introduced modern education in India. From Macaulay’s minutes to Wood’s dispatch to several commissions like the Sadler Commission, 1904 Indian education policy, etc. built the foundation of the Indian education system during the colonial period.

Radhakrishnan committee

In 1948-49, the University Education Commission was constituted under Radhakrishnan . It molded the education system based on the needs of an independent India. The pre-Independent Indian education value system was catering to colonial masters. There was a need to replace Macaulayism with the Indian value system. ( Macaulayism is the policy of eliminating indigenous culture through the planned substitution of the alien culture of a colonizing power via the education system). Some of the values mentioned in the commission were:

Wisdom and Knowledge
Aims of the Social Order : the desired social order for which youths are being educated.
Love for higher values in life
Training for Leadership

The Independent Indian education system developed along the lines of this value framework. In the present times, where there are imminent threats of political ideologies hijacking the pedagogy of education and commercialization of education eroding value systems, it is appreciable to dust off the values promulgated by the commission. A recent controversial circular by the Central University of Kerala (CUK), directing that research topics for Ph.D. students must be by ‘national priorities’, and research in ‘irrelevant topics’ and ‘privilege areas’ must be discouraged, is a case in point.

Kothari commission

If the Radhakrishnan committee charted out the value system of the Indian education system, it was the Kothari Commission that provided the basic framework of the same. The commission provided for:

Standardization of educational system on 10+2+3 pattern.
Emphasized the need to make work experience and social/national service an integral part of education.
Linking of colleges to several schools in the neighborhood.
Equalization of opportunities to all and to achieve social and national integration .
Neighborhood school system without social or religious segregation and a s chool complex system integrating primary and secondary levels of education.
Establishment of Indian Education Service.
On-the-job training of the teaching staff and efforts to raise the status of the teachers to attract talents into the profession.
To raise expenditure on education from 2.9% of the GDP to 6% by 1985.

This committee report paved the way for the National Educational Policy 1968 which provided the base and roadmap for further development of the education system in India.

National Educational Policy 1968

The policy provided for “radical restructuring” and equalization of educational opportunities to achieve national integration and greater cultural and economic development.
Increase public expenditure on education to 6% of GDP.
Provide for better training and qualification of teachers.
Three-language formula : state governments should implement the study of a modern Indian language, preferably one of the southern languages, apart from Hindi and English in the Hindi-speaking states, and of Hindi along with the regional language and English in the non-Hindi-speaking states. Hindi was encouraged uniformly to promote a common language for all Indians.

National Educational Policy 1985

The policy aimed at the removal of disparities and to equalize educational opportunities, especially for women, SC and ST.
Launching of “Operation Blackboard” to improve primary schools nationwide.
IGNOU, the Open University, was formed.
Adoption of the “rural university” model , based on the philosophy of Mahatma Gandhi, to promote economic and social development at the grassroots level in rural India.

T.S.R.Subramanium committee report

ECCE is inconsistent across states. So all government schools should have facilities for pre-primary education, which would facilitate pre-school education by the government instead of the private sector.
The policy of no detention should be upheld only till class five and not till class eight.
There is a steep rise in teacher shortage, absenteeism, and grievances.
Need to constitute an Autonomous Teacher Recruitment Board.
Four years integrated B.Ed. the course should be introduced.
There is an inadequate integration of information technology (IT) and the education sector.
The National Skills Qualification Framework should be scaled up.
The choice of vocational courses should be in line with local opportunities and resources .
Bringing formal certification for vocational education at par with conventional education certificates.
All India Education Service.
Existing separate laws governing individual regulators in higher education should be replaced by the said act.
The role of existing regulatory bodies like UGC and AICTE should be revised.
National Accreditation Board (NAB) subsuming the existing accreditation bodies.

Kasturirangan Report On School Education (Draft National Education Policy)

For restructuring the education system in India, the government is preparing to roll out a New Education Policy that will cater to Indian needs in the 4th Industrial Revolution by making use of its demographic dividend. Committee for Draft National Education Policy (chaired by Dr. K. Kasturirangan) submitted its report on May 31, 2019.

You can read about the National Education Policy 2020 in detail here .

School Education:

Low accessibility.
The curriculum doesn’t meet the developmental needs of children.
Lack of qualified and trained teachers.
Substandard pedagogy.
Currently, most early childhood education is delivered through anganwadis and private preschools. However, there has been less focus on the educational aspects of early childhood.
Guidelines for up to three-year-old children.
Educational framework for three to eight-year-old children.
This would be implemented by improving and expanding the Anganwadi system and co-locating anganwadis with primary schools.
Expanding the ambit of the Act to all children between the ages of three to 18 years, thus including early childhood education and secondary school education.
There should be no detention of children till class eight. Instead, schools must ensure that children are achieving age-appropriate learning levels.
The current structure of school education is to be restructured based on the development needs of students.
10+2+3 structure to be replaced by 5-3-3-4 design comprising: (i) five years of foundational stage (three years of pre-primary school and classes one and two), (ii) three years of preparatory stage (classes three to five), (iii) three years of middle stage (classes six to eight), and (iv) four years of secondary stage (classes nine to 12).
The current education system solely focuses on rote learning. The curriculum load should be reduced to its essential core content.
Force students to concentrate only on a few subjects.
Do not test learning in a formative manner.
Cause stress among students.
To track students’ progress throughout their school experience, State Census Examinations in classes three, five, and eight should be established.
Restructure the board examinations to test only the core concept. These board examinations will be on a range of subjects. The students can choose their subjects and the semester when they want to take these board exams. The in-school final examinations may be replaced by these board examinations.
Although establishing primary schools in every habitation has increased access to education, it has led to the development of very small schools making it operationally complex. Hence the multiple public schools should be brought together to form a school complex .
A complex will consist of one secondary school (classes nine to twelve) and all the public schools in its neighborhood that offer education from pre-primary to class eight.
These will also include anganwadis, vocational education facilities, and an adult education center.
Each school complex will be a semi-autonomous unit providing integrated education across all stages from early childhood to secondary education.
This will ensure that resources such as infrastructure and trained teachers can be efficiently shared across a school complex.
A steep rise in a teacher shortage, lack of professionally qualified teachers, and deployment of teachers for non-educational purposes have plagued the system.
Teachers should be deployed with a particular school complex for at least five to seven years.
They will not be allowed to participate in any non-teaching activities during school hours.
Existing B.Ed. the program will be replaced by a four-year integrated B.Ed. program that combines high-quality content, pedagogy, and practical training. An integrated continuous professional development will also be developed for all subjects.
Separating the regulation of schools from aspects such as policymaking, school operations, and academic development.
Independent State School Regulatory Authority for each state will prescribe basic uniform standards for public and private schools.
The Department of Education of the State will formulate policy and conduct monitoring and supervision.

Higher Education

According to the All India Survey on Higher Education , the Gross Enrolment Ratio (GER) in higher education in India has increased from 20.8% in 2011-12 to 25.8% in 2017-18. Lack of access is a major reason behind the low intake of higher education. The policy aims to increase GER to 50% by 2035.
Multiple regulators with overlapping mandates reduce the autonomy of higher educational institutions and create an environment of dependency and centralized decision-making.
The National Higher Education Regulatory Authority (NHERA) should replace the existing individual regulators in higher education. Thus the role of all professional councils such as AICTE would be limited to setting standards for professional practice. The role of the UGC will be limited to providing grants.
Separate the National Assessment and Accreditation Council (NAAC) from the UGC into an independent and autonomous body. It will function as the top-level accreditor and will issue licenses to different accreditation institutions. All existing higher education institutions should be accredited by 2030.
Replacing the current system of establishing higher educational institutions by Parliament or state legislatures. Instead, institutions can be set up through a Higher Education Institution Charter from NHERA.
Research universities focus equally on research and teaching.
Universities focus primarily on teaching.
Colleges focus only on teaching at undergraduate levels.
All such institutions will gradually move towards full autonomy.
Total investment in research and innovation in India has declined from 0.84% of GDP in 2008 to 0.69% in 2014. India also lags behind many nations in the number of researchers, patents, and publications.
NRF will act as an autonomous body for funding, mentoring, and building the capacity for quality research.
Undergraduate programs should be made interdisciplinary by redesigning their curriculum to include: a common core curriculum; and one/two area(s) of specialization.
Introduce four-year undergraduate programs in Liberal Arts.
By the next five years, five Indian Institutes of Liberal Arts must be set up as model multidisciplinary liberal arts institutions.
Poor service conditions and heavy teaching loads, augmented by a lack of autonomy and no clear career progression system, have resulted in low faculty motivation.
Introduction of a Continuous Professional Development program and permanent employment track system for faculty in all higher education institutions by 2030.
The student-teacher ratio of not more than 30:1 must be ensured.
All higher education institutions must have complete autonomy on curricular, pedagogical, and resource-related matters.

Read: Institutions of Eminence Scheme

Additional Key Focus Areas:

Additional key focus areas are (1) Technology in Education (2) Vocational Education (3) Adult Education and (4) the Promotion of Indian Languages.

Technology in Education

Improving the classroom process of teaching, learning, and evaluation
Aiding teacher training.
Improving access to education.
Improving the overall planning, administration, and management of the entire education system.
Electrification of all educational institutions paves the way for technology induction.
An autonomous body, the National Education Technology Forum, set up under the Mission, will facilitate decision-making on the use of technology.
Single online digital repository to make available copyright-free educational resources in multiple languages.

Vocational Education

Less than 5% of the workforce in the age group of 19-24 receives vocational education in India, in contrast to 52% in the USA, 75% in Germany and 96% in South Korea.
Vocational courses : All school students must receive vocational education in at least one vocation in grades 9 to 12.
Higher Education Institutions must offer vocational courses that are integrated into undergraduate education programs.
The draft Policy targets to offer vocational education to up to 50% of the total enrolment in higher education institutions by 2025, up from the present level of enrolment of below 10%.
National Committee for the Integration of Vocational Education for charting out plans for the above objectives.

Adult Education

As per Census 2011, India had a total of 26.5 crore adult non-literate (15 years and above).

Establishing an autonomous Central Institute of Adult Education as a constituent unit of NCERT. It will develop a National Curriculum Framework for adult education.
Adult Education Centers will be included within the school complexes.
Relevant courses are made available at the National Institute of Open Schooling.
National Adult Tutors Programme to build a cadre of adult education instructors and managers.

Education and Indian Languages

The medium of instruction must be the mother tongue until grade 5, and preferably until grade 8.
3 language formula be continued and flexibility in the implementation of the formula should be provided. Implementation of the formula needs to be strengthened, particularly in Hindi-speaking states. Schools in Hindi-speaking areas should also teach Indian languages from other parts of India for national integration.
To promote Indian languages, a National Institute for Pali, Persian, and Prakrit will be set up.
The mandate of the Commission for Scientific and Technical Terminology will be expanded to include all fields and disciplines to strengthen vocabulary in Indian languages.

Transforming Education

The policy talked about the synergistic functioning of India’s education system, to deliver equity and excellence at all levels, from vision to implementation, led by a new Rashtriya Shiksha Aayog.

Education Governance

Revitalize education governance by bringing in synergy and coordination among the different ministries, departments, and agencies.

Constitute the National Education Commission or Rashtriya Shiksha Aayog, as an apex body for education headed by the Prime Minister. It would be responsible for developing, implementing, evaluating, and revising the vision of education and overseeing the implementation and functioning of bodies including the National Council of Educational Research and Training (NCERT), National Higher Education Regulatory Authority, and National Research Foundation.
The Ministry of Human Resources and Development must be renamed the Ministry of Education to bring the focus back on education.

Financing Education

The Draft Policy reaffirmed the commitment to spending 6% of GDP as a public investment in education.
The draft Policy seeks to double the public investment in education from the current 10% of total public expenditure to 20% in the next 10 years. 5% will be utilized for higher education, 2% in school education, and 1.4% for early childhood care and education.
There should be optimal and timely utilization of funds through the institutional development plans and by plugging loopholes in the disbursement of funds.

Criticism of the New Education Policy of India

The New Education Policy lacks operational details.
It is not clear from where the funding will be sourced.
Enough importance is not given to innovation, startup culture or economic principles to be added to the curriculum.
One-size-fits for all states can’t be a solution as each state in India is diverse in its educational needs. Controversy on NEET has shown this.
With technological advancement and the democratization of knowledge, the policy should have focused more on how to teach rather than what to teach.
Economic Survey 2017-18 mentioned the perils of the distinction between research institutions and universities in higher education. The policy recommendation of three distinct higher education institutions of research universities, teaching universities, and teaching colleges will further augment the gap between research and universities.
The draft policy is silent on the Institutions of Eminence and agencies like the Higher Education Funding Agency.
The role of Rashtriya Shiksha Aayog should be defined clearly. What would be its role vis-a-vis existing regulators? Also, there are criticisms from some quarters that RSA will open the door to the politicization of education.
Earlier the 3-language formula proposed by the draft policy made Hindi compulsory in non-Hindi speaking states. However, after the furor, the proposal was removed.
Even though the policy talks about bringing “unrepresented groups” into school and focusing on educationally lagging “ special education zones” , it doesn’t comprehensively address the inequalities prevalent in the system. It misses methods to bridge the gaps between rich and poor children.
The policy proposes to remove the provision mandating that primary schools be within stipulated distance from students’ homes and common minimum infrastructure and facility standards that should be met by all schools. If a common minimum standard is not specified, it will create an environment where quality in some schools will fall further thus augmenting the inequalities between schools across the country.

India’s education history is rich with ambitious policies failing at the altar of inadequate implementation of the same. In the absence of a handholding mechanism for states to embark on the path-breaking reforms mentioned in the policy and that too in a short time, will be too much to ask.

Funding requirements and governance architecture pose major challenges in the implementation of the policy. Political commitment is required to increase funding. RTE Act expansion to include preschool should keep in mind the present infrastructure inadequacies and teacher vacancies.

Rashtriya Shiksha Aayog may face administrative problems and turf battles. Also, it will raise questions on the role of new bodies like the National Medical Council.

The recent controversy on 3 language formula shows the sensitivity of language education in India and care should be taken to appreciate the emotional overtures while implementing the same.

Politically acceptability, social desirability, technological feasibility, financial viability, administratively doability, and judicially tenability are 6 pillars that will impact the implementation of the policy.

Be that as it may, the new education policy aims to address the challenges of (i) access, (ii) equity, (iii) quality, (iv) affordability, and (v) accountability faced by the current education system. It aims to revitalize and equip the education system to meet the challenges of the 21st century and 4th industrial revolution rather than catering to 19th and 20th century needs of industrialization. Also, India is on the cusp of a demographic dividend, rather than entered into this phase. So the education system catering to these needs is not a luxury that we hope for but rather a dire need at this moment in Indian history.

The Problems associated with the Education System in India

HRD ministry: Over 1.4 million schools and 50,000 higher educational institutions are operating in India. Out of 907 universities, there are 399 state universities, 126 deemed-to-be universities, 48 central and 334 private universities.

Even after more than a hundred years of “ Gokhale’s Bill”1911, where universal primary education was originally mooted, India is yet to achieve this goal.
China had achieved it in the 1970s. As per Census 2011, over 26% of India’s population is still illiterate, compared to 4% in China. About 50% of India’s population has only primary education or less, compared to 38% in China. The 13% of the population with tertiary education at the upper end in India is comparable with China.
Progress has been made in respect of female participation up to secondary level and GER for girls has exceeded that of boys.
But the girl’s enrollment rate is lower than that of boys at the higher education level.
A gap is visible across social categories in terms of enrollment rate at the higher education level.
According to NSSO’s 71st round (2014), drop-out rates are very high for boys at the secondary school level. Reasons for the same are economic activities, lack of interest in education, and financial constraints.
The transition rate from secondary school to senior secondary and further to higher education is very low.

Despite these highly ambitious education policies and elaborate deliberations on the same, the outcomes are rather shaky. Major criticisms and shortcomings of these policies and their implementations are:

Half the population is crowded at the bottom, either illiterate or with only primary education. Meanwhile, a disproportionately large segment is at the upper end with tertiary education.
The 2015 Annual Status of Education Report (ASER) reflects this deteriorating quality. The report opines that deficits in foundational reading and arithmetic skills are cumulative, which leaves students grossly handicapped for further education .
India had fared poorly in the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) test in 2008, and 09.
Education policies in India are focused on inputs rather than on learning outcomes.
Teacher shortages.
Local politics.
Corruption in teacher appointment.
Defects in teacher training.
Socio-cultural factors like caste division, and cynical attitude towards the teaching profession.
There is no accountability, as there is a guaranteed lifetime job independent of performance.
From 1952-2012 , education expenditure as a percentage of total government expenditure increased from 7.92 to 11.7, and as a percentage of GDP increased from 0.64 to 3.31. But it has still not reached 6% of GDP, as was recommended by the Kothari Commission way back in 1964.
Expenditure by the government on elementary education is more than tertiary level, but expenditure per student is more in tertiary. So there is a need to increase expenditure in all segments.
All India survey on higher education has shown that in West Bengal Muslim students in universities are very low. Lack of education at the primary and secondary levels is said to be the main reason.
Even though Article 15(4),(5) provides reservations for SC, ST, and OBC in higher education institutions , the Economic Survey 2018-19 points out their inadequate representation in these institutions.
The suicide of Rohit Vemula, a Ph.D. scholar at the University of Hyderabad, in 2016 had brought forward the discrimination still existing in these institutions.
Also, the representation of teachers at these levels is skewed against the backward class in spite of reservations. Article 16(4) provides for reservations of backward class in jobs.
At the school level, poor children are primarily concentrated in government schools. The poor quality of government schools thus disproportionately affects these children and creates a vicious cycle of illiteracy.
At the higher education level, the situation is more critical. One reason for the introduction of the National Medical Commission Bill is to curb the exorbitant fees charged by medical colleges.
Youths coming out of the higher education system in India are not employable, as they lack relevant industry-level skills.
India’s long-standing neglect of primary and secondary education has limited access to quality basic education. No skill development program can succeed without an underlying foundation of basic education.
National Policy on Skill Development and Entrepreneurship 2015 (PMKVY) has shown disappointing results.
Budget 2019-20 stated that the government enables about 10 million youth to take up industry-relevant skill training through the Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Vikas Yojana (PMKVY). The Budget has also increased focus on ‘new-age skills’ like Artificial Intelligence (AI), Internet of Things (IoT), Big Data, 3D Printing, Virtual Reality, and Robotic.
Currently, B Tech courses in AI are offered mostly in premier institutions only.
The budget 2019-20 proposed the National Sports Education Board for the development of sportspersons under the Khelo India program (2017).

Now we will look at each rung of the education ladder in India.

Early childhood education

Early childhood education (ECE) is needed for cognitive development in the early stage.
Integrated Child Development Scheme (ICDS) has a component for providing ECE through Anganwadis . But lack of effective regulation in this sector is eroding the quality of ECE.
There is a National Early Childhood Care and Education Policy 2013 . However, the policy has not been properly implemented.
There are multiple service providers but there is no clarity in the types of services provided.
The sprawling of an unregulated private channel, both organized and unorganized, which is also spreading to rural areas, has led to inequitable access, uneven quality, and commercialization of ECE.
Both Anganwadis and private schools focus on reading, writing, and arithmetic rather than cognitive and conceptual development.
There is a decline in the quality and training of teachers.
S.R. Subramanian’s committee report has brought focus to the quality deterioration in this sector.

Primary level

There is an increasing trend of parents choosing private schools for the primary level. However, there is variable quality in private schools. Also, fees vary from school to school and are on the higher side.
Eschew rigid curricula and make them more cognitive and flexible. There should be a broader cognitive approach than rote learning.
There is a need for activity-based learning. Teachers should teach at the right level, rather than teaching for the average learner.
The government has launched Padhe Bharat Bade Bharat – targeting early reading and writing. The twin-track approach of comprehension and math is the main focus.
There is a supply-side problem . The government is pumping funds through government schools thus increasing the number of schools and thus enrollment. However, quality and inclusiveness have dropped and dropout rates increased. These lead to poor learning outcomes.

School Complex

RTE and SSA have resulted in over-access but low-quality primary-level education. Now the aim should be to integrate these into school complexes, as mentioned by the Kasturirangan committee report, thus rationalizing the number of schools in an area.
The ‘Adarsh’ integrated school system of Rajasthan is an example of a school complex system . Here one school provides classes from l to XII under one principal. There is one such school in every gram panchayat.
This is an efficient way to solve teacher shortages and also to address the shortages of secondary schools. It can also address the problem of resource scarcity by integrating and rationalizing resources.
Inclusive learning can be furthered through school.
Also, these complexes can act as a pivot around which new reforms in education can be implemented.

Secondary level

ASER Rural 2017: In 2017, ASER changed the age group of the survey from primary level to secondary level. The report mentions the following:

Enrollment is low in this age group. There is a high digital divide at this level. Low quality also persists at this level. There is a high amount of absenteeism as well.
There is a need to expand RTE to cover the 14-18 age groups.
To realize the demographic dividend, skill education for these groups is necessary.

Economic Survey 2018-19 points out that Indian demography is changing and it requires more quality secondary education system rather than merely an increasing number of primary-level schools.

Private fees

The vagueness in the judgment regarding ‘reasonable surplus’ and ‘commercialization’ of education has watered down the outcome of the judgment.
There are state laws for capping fees. However, implementation problems and litigation make them ineffective.
CAG report mentioned misreporting and mismanagement by private schools. So laws should address this problem through stricter inspection, penalties, etc.

Higher education

There is an increasing number of higher education institutions but their quality is questionable, effectively making ‘islands of excellence amidst the sea of mediocrity. Increased accessibility to a low-quality higher education system has made democratization of mediocrity.

Raghuram Rajan, the ex-RBI governor, argued that India needs idea factories and universities by leveraging India’s inherent strengths like tolerance, diversity, etc. He said that there is a need for strong accreditation agencies and continuing education.

Problems of the higher education system in India

There is a dual problem of both quality and quantity. The gross enrollment ratio (GER) in higher education is only 24.5.
Even though education policy had an elitist bias in favor of higher education, the state of the same is much worse than the state of school education. Unlike school education, there is no national survey of the learning levels of college students.
The desired levels of research and internationalization of Indian campuses remain weak points.
Also, there is a low philanthropic investment in this sector. This creates an exclusive dependency on government funding by universities. This, in turn, reduces the autonomy and vision of these universities.
Privatization of higher education has not been led by philanthropy but the commercial interest that does not have a symbiotic relationship with the vision of universities.
These have led to inadequate human capacity, shoddy infrastructure, and weak institutions. Recommendations of the Narayana Murthy committee, on the role of the corporate sector in higher education, have not been implemented and thus channeling of CSR funds to higher education remains inadequate.
Banks and financial institutions are not giving adequate attention to this area. Giving PSL status to these institutions can be considered.
Indian higher education system is of a linear model with very little focus on specialization.
UGC and AICTE act more as controllers of education than facilitators.
Due to the mushrooming of colleges at a higher rate since the 1980s , there is a regulatory sprawl in higher education.
Poor governance , with mindless over-regulation , is widespread in this sector. Educational institutions responded to this with claims of academic and institutional autonomy for themselves, which was mostly a smokescreen for a culture of sloth in these institutions.
There is a concentration of powers, as these regulatory institutions control all aspects like accreditation, curriculum setting, professional standard-setting, funding, etc.
Compartmentalization and fragmentation of the knowledge system.
Disconnect with society.
Overemphasis on entrance tests.
Absence of innovation in learning methods.
Corrosion of autonomy of universities.
For long basic disciplines across the physical and social sciences and humanities were ignored.
However, the Economic Survey 2017-18 mentioned that there is an increase in Ph.D. enrolment in India in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) due to efforts by the government to increase the number and quantum of fellowships. However, there are still fewer researchers in India in comparison to other countries.
Budget 2019-20 proposes ‘Study in India’ with a focus on bringing foreign students to higher educational institutions in India to make India a “hub of higher education.”
Higher education institutions are used as rewards for loyalists and channels of graft by political parties in power.
Indian higher education system is plagued by unregulated and shoddy coaching institutions. The coaching industry makes around Rs. 24000 crores a year in India. Proper regulation of the same is required.

Research and development (R&D)

Economic Survey 2017-18 stated: “To transform from net consumer to net producer of knowledge, India should invest in educating its youth in science and mathematics, reform the way R&D is conducted, engage the private sector and the Indian diaspora, and take a more mission-driven approach in areas such as dark matter, genomics, energy storage, agriculture, and mathematics and cyber-physical systems”.

Although Gross Expenditure on R&D (GERD) is consistently increasing, as a fraction of GDP it has been stagnant between 0.6-0.7 percent of GDP over the past two decades.
The universities play a relatively small role in the research activities in India. There is a disconnection between research institutes and universities. This results in the compartmentalization of research activities and teaching into two separate silos.
The separation of research from teaching leads to a situation where universities have students but need additional faculty support, while research institutes have qualified faculty but are starved of young students.
India was, at one point, spending more on R&D as a percentage of GDP than countries like China – but currently, India under-spends on R&D.
Doubling of R&D spending is necessary and much of the increase should come from the private sector and universities.

The need of the hour

It is imperative to improve math and cognitive skills at the school level to make a difference at a higher level.
There is a need to expand R&D in India and to go beyond paper presentations and patents to a broader contribution of providing value for society.
There is also a need to encourage Investigator-led Research for funding science research. Science and Engineering Research Board (SERB) 2008, a statutory body of DST, is a step in the right direction.
50:50 partnerships with SERB for industry-relevant research under the Ucchatar Avishkar Yojana (UAY) is the right way to go forward.
It would strengthen state universities and provide knowledge in areas specific to a state.
National Research Foundation, to fund, coordinate, and promote research at the college level, is proposed by the Kasturirangan report. It is reiterated in Budget 2019-20 : NRF will ensure the overall research ecosystem in the country is strengthened with a focus on areas relevant to national priorities without duplication of effort and expenditure. The funds available with all Ministries will be integrated into NRF.
Link national labs to universities and create new knowledge ecosystems. Together they can link up with the commercial sectors and help develop industrial clusters.
National Mission on Dark Matter
National Mission on Genomics
National Mission on Energy Storage Systems
National Mission on Mathematics
National Mission on Cyber-Physical Systems
National Mission on Agriculture
Ramanujan Fellowship Scheme.
Innovation in Science Pursuit for Inspired Research ( INSPIRE ) Faculty Scheme.
Ramalingaswami Re-entry Fellowship.
Visiting Advanced Joint Research Faculty Scheme ( VAJRA ).
Improve the culture of research thus ‘ ease of doing research’. There is a need for less hierarchical governance systems that encourage risk-taking and curiosity in the pursuit of excellence.
Greater public engagement of the science and research establishment is needed. A greater effort at science communication is needed.

Government initiatives on higher education

The government is trying to revitalize the Indian higher education system and for this many initiatives have been launched. Let’s discuss the importance of them.

National Testing Agency (NTA) 2017

NTA was set up for conducting entrance exams in higher educational institutions. It is based on the recommendations of the Ashok Mishra committee on IIT entrance 2015.
It will conduct JEE, NEET, National Eligibility Test (NET), Common Management Admission Test (CMAT), and Graduate Pharmacy Aptitude Test (GPAT).
It will provide diversity and plurality in higher education. It will also ensure independence and transparency in conducting the exams.
However, it should be ensured that the computer-based test should not lead to further exploitation of rural students.
NEET stands for National Eligibility cum Entrance Test . It is for admissions in medical courses by replacing a plethora of medical entrance tests with one national-level test.
Supreme Court had said that NEET should be the sole basis for admission to medical courses.
There is a controversy about whether urban and CBSE students will dominate NEET. The government should pay heed to this criticism.
In Tamil Nadu doctors serving in rural areas get weightage in PG admission. NEET will effectively dislodge this system.
This controversy brought forward the conflict between the fair and transparent system of admission to curb the commercialization of medical education and the socioeconomic goals of the state, which in the case of Tamil Nadu includes ensuring enough doctors for rural areas.
Controversy on NEET has brought the following question to the limelight: should uniformity be thrust upon a country with such vast disparity and diversity? The political leadership should iron out the differences and produce a suitable admission policy. This task should not be left to the judiciary.
Be that as it may, states can’t remain insulated from the need to upgrade their education standard.

RUSA: Rashtriya Uchchatar Shiksha Abhiyan 2013

About 94 % of students in higher education study in 369 State universities, whereas less than 6% of students study in 150 Centrally-funded institutions.
11th 5-year plan (2007-12) opined that the center’s bias towards premier central institutions had skewed funding for these institutions mainly and thus neglected state-level institutions.
State investment in higher education was declining. UGC’s system of direct release of funds to State institutions bypassing State governments also leads to a sense of alienation for the states.
RUSA tried to correct this bias. The scheme aims at financing state institutions concerning their governance and performance.
RUSA has shown the result in increasing the performance of state institutions and changing the way regulators function for the good. State Higher Education Council(SHEC) made medium-long-term state perspective plans.
Cabinet in 2018 decided to continue the scheme. A renewed focus by the center on RUSA will be a success only if it is impartially administered and states are willing to heed the advice of SHEC.

HECI: Higher Education Commission of India bill

On the recommendation of the Yashpal Committee 2010 for renovation and rejuvenation of higher education, the National Commission on Higher Education and Research bill was introduced but was not passed.
HECI was proposed to act as an overarching regulator of higher education by replacing UGC, which will maintain academic standards, approve new educational institutions, etc. but with no funding powers.
Draft Higher Education Commission of India (Repeal of University Grants Commission Act) Bill, 2018 was introduced in 2018. Budget 2019-20 proposed to bring a bill on HECI this year.
The draft bill had separated funding and placed it under MHRD. This was criticized for the fear of increasing political control and reducing the autonomy of universities.

IoE: Institutions of Eminence 2017

Around 2005, the Times Higher Education World University Rankings and the QS World University Rankings started, and in 2009 the Academic Ranking of World Universities started. From India, only the Indian Institute of Science was included in the top 500 every year. This prompted the government to introduce NIRF and IoE.
Under IoE, UGC was tasked to select 10 government universities and 10 private ones as IoE. These would be given autonomy in operations.
Selected government institutions would be provided with ₹1,000 crore over five years.
The IoE tag is expected to help them achieve the world’s top 500 higher education institutions in a decade and later into the top 100.
Institutes among the top 50 in the National Institute Ranking Framework rankings or in the top 500 in international ratings were eligible.
The model for the sector remains dependent on state patronage.
Entry into the global education race could now become an overriding concern when many systemic issues are plaguing the sector.
Funding only for public institutions is discriminatory.
Humanities institutions were neglected.
Transparency in the selection process, and the public sharing of benchmarks and guidelines. The furor over the selection of Jio Institute, even before it functioned, had attracted many eyeballs and criticisms.
Separate category to include sectoral institutions like IIM.

National Institutional Ranking Framework (NIRF) 2015

NIRF is a methodology adopted by the MHRD to rank higher education institutions in India.

NIRF is common for public and private institutions as well as state and central institutions. Comparison of state-level colleges with central and private colleges may lead to a vicious cycle of low funding, poor performance, and low ranks among state-level institutions because of the resource gap.
So performance index values should be normalized concerning investments and resources that have gone into that institution. Also should consider making another ranking system for state-level institutions.

HEFA: Higher Education Financing Agency 2018

Introduced in Budget 2018-19, HEFA is a joint venture of MHRD and Canara Bank

With an initial capital base of Rs 1,000 crores, it will act as a not-for-profit organization that will leverage funds from the market and supplement them with donations and CSR funds. These funds will be used to finance improvement in infrastructure in top institutions.
It has been tasked with raising ₹1 lakh crore to finance infrastructure improvements in higher education by 2022.

Foreign Education Providers Bill 2013

There is no account of programs delivered by foreign universities in India. Inadequate regulation has led to low-quality courses offered in this sector.
The foreign Institution bill was not been able to pass in Parliament. However,

EQUIP report has mentioned the revival of this bill.

There are many other schemes and initiatives like SWAYAM, which offers open online courses from Class IX to post-graduation free of cost, GIAN and IMPRINT which are primarily focused on elite institutes like IITs and IISc.

APAAR: One Nation One Student ID Card

The Automated Permanent Academic Account Registry (APAAR) is a transformative initiative introduced in alignment with the National Education Policy (NEP) of 2020 and the National Credit and Qualifications Framework (NCrF).

It aims to provide a unified and accessible academic experience for students across India by assigning a unique and permanent 12-digit ID to every student, consolidating their academic achievements in one place.

Other Major Issues connected with the Education sector in India

The Indian education sector is also affected by other issues like the politicization of campuses, gender parity problems, poor-quality standards, etc.

Politicization of campuses

JP movement had provided an impetus to the politicization of students.
In Indian higher education institutions, university politics has become a launchpad for political ambitions.
Though campus politics is vital for democracy, as it makes students better citizens, the negative side of the politicization of campuses has been visible across Indian campuses. Recent incidents at Kerala University are a case in point.
One of the most important problems of student politics in India is that it acts as an appendage to political parties without having an independent identity or autonomy.

Gender Parity

By parents → who send boys to private and girls to government schools. Economic Survey 2018-19: enrollment of girls is higher than that of boys in government schools but the pattern gets reversed in private schools. The gender gap in enrollment in private schools has consistently increased across age groups.
By teachers → who reinforced the belief that boys are quick learners.
Girls are eased out of school to work on home chores or get married.
Economic Survey 2018-19 opines that BBBP has been a success and proposes to extend the cause of Gender equality by coining the slogan of BADLAV (Beti Aapki Dhan Lakshmi Aur Vijay-Lakshmi) to enhance the contribution of women in the workforce and the economy.
For ranking states based on gender disparity, Digital Gender Atlas for Advancing Girl’s Education was launched by MHRD.
In higher education, gender disparities still prevail in enrollment.
Efforts by the Government through programs like Beti Padhao, and Beti Bachao, the GPI has improved substantially at the primary and secondary levels of enrolment.

Quality of education

Learning outcomes are not assessed in India as numerical outcomes. The 12th Five-Year Plan noted the need for measuring and improving learning outcomes.

Children of illiterate parents can’t supplement school studies at home and also can’t afford expensive tuition, leading to a vicious cycle of illiteracy.
From 2014 to 2018, there was a gradual improvement in both basic literacy and numeracy for Class III students but only a quarter of them are at grade level (ability to read and do basic operations like subtraction of Class II level).
The report also shows that 1 out of 4 children leaving Class VIII are without basic reading skills (ability to read at least a Class II level).

Government initiatives

Central Rules under the RTE Act were amended in February 2017 to include the defined class-wise and subject-wise learning outcomes.
Nationwide sub-program of SSA to improve comprehensive early reading, writing, and early mathematics programs for children in Classes I and II.

Teacher Training

Teachers play the most critical role in a student’s achievement.
The need is for better incentives for teachers, investments in teacher capacity through stronger training programs, and addressing the problems in the teaching-learning process.
However, teachers in India, especially in government schools, are considered a cog in the way to efficient governance. There is an inadequate focus on their motivation and skill updation.
NCERT study shows that there is no systematic incorporation of teacher feedback into designing pieces of training. Also, there is no mechanism to check whether this training is translated into classroom performance.
These results in de-professionalizing the teaching profession and curb a teacher’s “internal responsibility” — the sense of duty to the job.
World Development Report on Education (2018) opined that both teaching skills and motivation matter. Individually targeted continued training is important. In line with this, MHRD and the National Council for Teacher Education launched the National Teacher Platform, or Diksha in 2017 . It is a one-stop solution to address teacher competency gaps.
However, the current training through Diksha follows a one-size-fits-all approach. Even though the platform is designed to democratize both access to and creation of content by teachers, its real benefits are in the ability to provide continuous professional development which complements existing physical training.
This technology-enabled platform allows training to become a continuous activity rather than an annual event and also creates a feedback loop ensuring the effectiveness of the material.
Diksha has the potential to re-engineer in-service teacher training in India. It is important to create good content and also to ensure technology consumption by teachers, the role of headmasters in promoting teachers’ professional development, etc.

As India participates in the PISA in 2021, it is to be made sure that we recognize the importance of teachers and their role in education outcomes.

Private Schools vs Public Schools: The Big Debate in Education

At least 30% of students between the 6-14 age groups are in the private sector.

There is an increasing perception that the quality of teaching in private schools is better than that of public schools. Thus there is a clamour for increasing the number of private schools and simultaneously limiting public spending on government schools.
However, the claim on the quality of private schools is debatable as there is a wide disparity of the same among these schools.

Research paper by Geeta Gandhi Kingdon, professor of education and international development at the Institute of Education, London, offers insights into private-public school education in India:

The paper points out that between 2010-11 and 2015-16, the average enrolment in government schools declined from 122 to 108 students per school, while in private schools it rose from 202 to 208.
Nevertheless, according to the District Information System for Education (DISE), 65% of all school-going children, 113 million, get their education from government schools.
The study points out that the migration to private schools is due to the belief among parents that these schools offer better value for money in terms of quality.
IndiaSpend, in 2016, reported that despite the Rs 1.16 lakh crore spent on SSA, the quality of learning declined between 2009 and 2014. It also points out that less than one in five elementary school teachers in India are trained. Also, the contractual teachers, who are high in number in government schools, are likely to be less motivated and accountable.
Preference for private school tutoring is there.
The quality of schools varies between states. In 2016, in Kerala, the proportion of children enrolled in primary government schools increased from 40.6% in 2014 to 49.9% according to ASER 2016.
States with better-functioning government schools have more expensive private schools as there is no market for the ‘low-fee’ budget private schools. Around 80% of private schools in India are ‘low’ fee schools.
ASER 2016 has shown small improvements in learning outcomes in government schools.
Between 2010-11 and 2015-16, the number of private schools grew by 35% – to 0.30 million. On the other hand, the number of government schools grew only by 1%, to 1.04 million. The migration out of government schools has left many of these economically unviable.
Government teachers in India earn four times that of China but don’t perform as well. Up to 80% of India’s public expenditure on education is spent on teachers. There is a need to link teacher salaries to their accountability.
However, the salary of private teachers is very low compared to their government counterparts. This is due to the “bureaucratically-set high ‘minimum wage’, which is being influenced by strong unions of government school teachers.
Another reason for the low salary of private school teachers is that the private education sector offers salaries based on market factors of demand and supply. Since 10.5% of graduates are unemployed in India, there is a high supply of teachers.
Rather than merely increasing the budget outlay for education, the need is to revise the Education policy for better accountability and monitoring mechanisms.
Gandhi argued that a Public-private partnership (PPP) model may be the solution, with public sector funding and private resources for education, since reforming the present system may not be politically feasible.

Rather than debating about private versus public schools, the focus should be to enable the private sector to set up more schools under the scrutiny of regulatory authorities. There is no point in driving off the private initiative in schooling given the limited resources of the states. Private investment should be encouraged but made accountable for quality and conduct.

The above discussion showed the challenges of the Indian education system. A workforce that India wants to create in this digital age requires reforms in education at all levels. UNESCO’s Global Education Monitoring (GEM) Report 2016 opined that India is expected to achieve universal primary education in 2050. India is 50 years late in achieving its global education commitments. If the nation wants fundamental changes in the education system, it has to meet the 2030 SDG targets on education. There is an urgent requirement for greater evolution in education in India.

Education Quality Upgradation and Inclusion Programme (EQUIP): How to transform Education in India?

EQUIP is a five-year vision plan on education, released by MHRD, by the Prime Minister’s decision to create a five-year vision plan for each Ministry.

The EQUIP project is crafted by ten expert groups led by experts within and outside the government:

Group 1: Strategies for expanding access
Group 2: Towards global best teaching/learning process
Group 3: Promoting Excellence
Group 4: Governance reforms
Group 5: Assessment, Accreditation, and Ranking Systems
Group 6: Promotion of research and innovation
Group 7: Employability and Entrepreneurship
Group 8: Using Technology for Better Reach
Group 9: Internationalisation
Group 10: Financing Higher Education

The groups have suggested initiatives to transform the education system completely. The goals set by the groups are:

Double GER in higher education and resolve the geographically and socially skewed access to higher education institutions.
Upgrade the quality of education to global standards.
Position at least 50 Indian institutions among the top 1000 global universities.
Introduce governance reforms in higher education for well-administered campuses.
Accreditation of all institutions as an assurance of quality.
Promote Research and Innovation ecosystems for positioning India in the top three countries in the world in matters of knowledge creation.
Double the employability of the students passing out of higher education.
Harness education technology for expanding the reach and improving pedagogy.
Promote India as a global study destination.
Achieve a quantum increase in investment in higher education.

We can see that each of the above goals has been known to us for a long time. The problem is its implementation. The political class and all other stakeholders should come together to achieve these goals. The plethora of government initiatives on higher education is a sure sign of the importance given by the political class in the reform of the education system of India. Let’s hope that a new dawn of Indian education is around the corner which will bring back the glory of ancient times when India was the centre of knowledge production.

As the Economic Survey 2016-17 points out, lack of health, malnourishment, etc. affects the cognitive ability of children. This will, in turn, have a detrimental effect on their future educational prospects. This leads to a vicious cycle of inter-generational illiteracy, poor health, and ultimately poverty. So education and health are complementary to each other and reforms in one sector should invariably be preceded and followed by reforms in other sectors. Human development as a whole can be considered as a wholesome development and we must appreciate the interlinkages of each section of human capital formation, be it health, education, digital literacy, skills, etc.

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Reader Interactions

November 27, 2019 at 10:33 pm

Wow what the largest matter of education is?. Very nice thank u sir

November 28, 2019 at 12:09 pm

Nice article but it is too long we need around 400 words which explains education in india,challenges,way forward only It is very hard to remember and segrate from given imp because all points look like imp please try to make it around 400 words only

November 28, 2019 at 2:00 pm

@MKM – The aim was to cover almost everything about Education in India as a comprehensive post. The post covers: (a) History of Education in India (b) Current Status of Education in India: Data from Census 2011 (c) RTE Act (d) Various Educational Policies in the past (e) The New National Educational Policy (NEP) (f) The Problems associated with the Education System in India (g) Education Quality Upgradation and Inclusion Programme (EQUIP): How to transform Education in India?

Though ClearIAS prefers short and crisp articles, for important areas like Education, we felt a detailed write-up would be useful.

Thank you for your feedback. We will continue to create concise articles as well.

November 28, 2019 at 12:35 pm

Good Source thank you Team.

November 28, 2019 at 1:56 pm

November 28, 2019 at 2:41 pm

November 29, 2019 at 7:45 am

This is a very nice and comprehensive information on education.

November 29, 2019 at 2:21 pm

Such a nice article sir thank you..

December 16, 2019 at 5:31 pm

March 30, 2020 at 12:48 pm

Sir,a small corrrection regarding literacy rate ranking, Kerala (93%)tops its followed by Lakshadweep(92 %), Mizoram (91 %) , Tripura (87.7 %) and Goa (87.4 %) as 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th places repectively according to 2011 census.

June 16, 2020 at 12:20 am

Excellent Work

August 31, 2020 at 1:14 pm

Thank you vry much team.🤗 You provide excellent data ,analysis,facts,etc…evrything at one doc.

November 16, 2020 at 10:47 pm

Absolutely amazing stuff. Can’t believe.. Thanks from the bottom of my heart ❤️❤️

May 27, 2021 at 12:38 pm

Great article about Education very informative thanks for sharing

May 31, 2021 at 11:55 pm

Well and easy to understand…thank u for the team

September 12, 2021 at 10:37 am

Very good and such a broad information thank u 💖.. Lots of love

December 16, 2021 at 11:10 am

Need to update with current data eg how much percentage of school/ children get access of online education in pandemic Era COVID challanges others family support etc thank

January 28, 2022 at 10:32 am

Thank you so much for your birthday support

February 27, 2022 at 5:33 pm

good information

June 10, 2022 at 3:00 pm

Nice article very informative…traditional classroom study should be changed into a smart classroom online

July 14, 2022 at 8:55 pm

December 18, 2022 at 1:05 am

Absolute coverage article, Kindly keep it up for your determined spectators.

May 28, 2023 at 9:10 pm

desserstation on education/slums/miagration par hindi me pdf mil sakta hai

January 23, 2024 at 8:06 pm

The analysis provides a comprehensive overview of India’s education system, highlighting its pyramid structure and alignment with Sustainable Development Goals. Constitutional provisions like Article 21A and the RTE Act aim for universal education. However, the RTE Act faces criticism. To enhance educational outcomes, addressing these concerns and ensuring effective implementation are imperative. Schools in Pataudi Gurgaon focus on quality, inclusivity, and overcoming criticisms can lead Indian education to new heights. Thank You Samriddhi Sharma

February 7, 2024 at 7:44 pm

It’s crucial to delve into the challenges confronting the Indian education sector and understand the constitutional framework and policies guiding it. Exploring these aspects sheds light on the complexities and opportunities within the system. However, it’s equally important to consider how these discussions translate into action at the grassroots level, especially in local communities like Rajajinagar, Bangalore. How are schools in rajajinagar bangaloreaddressing these systemic issues and implementing reforms to ensure quality education for all students? This intersection of policy discourse and on-the-ground realities is where meaningful change happens.

March 8, 2024 at 6:22 am

Is there any data on how many states provide free education to girls till grade X and how many provide it till grade XII?

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Essay on Education in India

Students are often asked to write an essay on Education in India in their schools and colleges. And if you’re also looking for the same, we have created 100-word, 250-word, and 500-word essays on the topic.

Let’s take a look…

100 Words Essay on Education in India

Introduction.

Education in India has a rich history. It’s a fundamental tool for achieving full human potential and socio-economic progress.

Historical Overview

Ancient Indian education was based on Gurukula system. Universities like Nalanda and Taxila were famed worldwide.

Modern Education System

The present education system follows a 10+2+3 pattern. It includes primary, secondary, and higher education.

Though India has made progress, issues like quality, rural-urban gap, and gender disparity persist.

Government Initiatives

Government has launched schemes like ‘Right to Education’ and ‘Beti Bachao, Beti Padhao’ to improve the scenario.

Education is crucial for India’s growth. Constant efforts are needed to overcome challenges and ensure quality education for all.

250 Words Essay on Education in India

India’s education system, with its roots in ancient Gurukul system, has evolved significantly over centuries. The British colonial rule introduced modern education, primarily to create a class of officers for administrative purposes.

Current Scenario

In the post-independence era, India made substantial strides in expanding the reach of education. The Right to Education Act (2009) mandates free and compulsory education for children aged 6-14. However, quality remains a concern. The Annual Status of Education Report (ASER) often highlights low learning outcomes, even in higher grades.

The key challenges include inadequate infrastructure, teacher shortages, and high dropout rates. The rural-urban divide is stark, with rural areas lacking quality education. Gender disparity is another concern, with girls often deprived of education due to societal norms.

Technology in Education

The COVID-19 pandemic has underscored the importance of technology in education. Online learning has become the norm, but it has also exposed the digital divide. Many students, especially in rural areas, lack access to digital devices and the internet.

The Way Forward

The National Education Policy (NEP) 2020 aims to overhaul the education system. It envisions a new pedagogical and curricular structure, with a focus on holistic, skill-based learning. It also emphasizes the use of technology, aiming to bridge the digital divide.

In conclusion, while India has made significant strides in expanding education, significant challenges remain. Overcoming these will require concerted efforts from all stakeholders, including government, educators, parents, and students.

500 Words Essay on Education in India

Education in India, with its rich heritage dating back to the ancient Gurukul system, has gone through a significant transformation. It is a tool that has shaped millions of lives, and its importance cannot be overstated. However, the Indian education system is a complex tapestry of diversity, with both exemplary successes and challenges that continue to persist.

The roots of Indian education can be traced back to the Vedic period, where the Gurukul system was prevalent. As time passed, the advent of British rule brought significant changes, introducing the modern school system. Post-independence, India prioritized education as a key tool for development, resulting in a substantial increase in literacy rates.

The Current Scenario

Today, India’s education system is one of the largest in the world, with over 250 million students enrolled across various levels. It is characterized by a broad structure, encompassing primary, secondary, and higher education. The Right to Education Act, 2009, made education a fundamental right for children aged 6-14 years, further emphasizing its importance.

The government has launched various initiatives to promote education. The Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan aims at universalizing elementary education, while the Rashtriya Madhyamik Shiksha Abhiyan focuses on improving secondary education. The recent National Education Policy (NEP) 2020 aims to overhaul the system, with a focus on holistic, skill-based learning.

Challenges and Issues

Despite these strides, the education system in India faces several challenges. These include issues of quality, lack of infrastructure, high dropout rates, and inadequate teacher training. The digital divide has also become apparent in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic, with online education being inaccessible to many students.

To overcome these challenges, a multi-pronged approach is necessary. This includes improving infrastructure, ensuring quality teacher training, and implementing effective pedagogical strategies. The focus should also be on making education more inclusive and accessible, especially in the wake of the shift towards digital learning.

The Indian education system, with its vast potential, has the power to shape the future of the country. While there are considerable challenges, the steps taken by the government and various stakeholders provide a beacon of hope. With continuous efforts, the goal of providing quality education to all can indeed be achieved, propelling India towards a brighter and more prosperous future.

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Education System Essays

by Keyla Simoes (Praia Grande, São Paulo, Brazil)

Choice of Subjects at University

by Karlie (China)

Some people think that all university students should study whatever they like. Others believe that they should only be allowed to study subjects that will be useful in the future, such as those related to science and technology. Discuss both these views and give your own opinion. Nowadays, more and more students are unconscious about how to choose their major. They think if they need to choose the subject that they love or choose the subject that is good and useful for the society in the future. It is no doubt that there are some benefits to study a major is about the technology and science. If most of the students study these kinds of major, there will be a sharp increase in the technical development, the productivity will be improved and produce more high-tech products, as a result, the living standard will be better that before and it will have a rise in the economic growth. Moreover, students may get high salary, if they find a job that needs a lot of skill about technology or science. On the other hand, the others think that students need to study the subject that they love it. For example, students choose their favorite subject, they would like to spend more time on their subject that they are interest and they don’t feel boring about their classes, try their best to do their research or lecture, even though the subject is difficult for them, so they could get high mark and get more successful in their major. In addition, different people have different favorite major, not all the students only study technology and science, it can makes the society develop in many kinds of ways, such as literature, art, sports. In conclusion, I believe that students need to choose the subject that they love, the reason for this is students can have more incentive to study and they can have a good mark in their exam. I think university could add some additional subjects about technology or science for students who do not learn these, let students learn some knowledge about technology or science. *** Please provide me with feedback on my Choice of Subjects at University Essay.

Testing and Exams in Education

Hello, can you give me a feedback on my essay please? What should I improve to reach band 7-8? Tests and examinations are a central feature of school systems in many countries. Do you think the educational benefits of testing outweigh any disadvantages? Assessing students includes many methods; however the majority of educational institutions regard examinations as the most efficient. Even though testing system is practiced in many countries and has many benefits, this system has become outdated and dilapidated. The main problem of current educational program is single-disciplinarily system, so it doesn’t take into consideration individual abilities of each student. Mostly, exams are in the written form consisting of tests and theoretical questions, hence practical skills and critical thinking play a minor role in assessment. By cramming for exams scholars remember information only for short period of time, meanwhile practical learning could give a lot more effective results. Another drawback of testing system is inaccuracy of exam results because scholars are pressured under limited time and strict conditions. There were many cases where students passed their exam and scored less than their real knowledge and abilities. Some people claim that written assessment provide effective studying by tracking the progress and enhancing competition among students. However, this can give a rise to conflicts among students or pupils and their parents, inferiority complexes and other consequences. Moreover different attitude of teacher towards pupils can lead to the unfair results too. In conclusion, testing takes the important part in educational system, however it shouldn’t be the most valuable description of student’s knowledge.

Education and a Country's Success Essay

Giving Children Homework

by Miku (tokyo)

Some people believe that school children should not be given homework by their teachers, whereas others argue that homework plays an important role in the education of children. Discuss both views and give your own opinion. Homework has been given in large number of schools so far. However, there are agreement and disagreement in some people. This essay will indicate the both views how homework affects positively to educated students. I believe that doing homework leads their better education and it is highly likely to achieve their lives. Firstly, no homework can save students’ time and it is possible to develop their skills in the other interests. Younger generation have tons of opportunities and flexible mind and also some people do not actually use school subjects in their entire life. For example, many famous entertainers such as singer or dancer are absorbed their artistry in their childhood. So instead of doing homework, skilled person should experience and spend their time what they exactly want to do. On the other hand, to do homework still plays a significant role in teenager’s life. It is because there are only few people can be skilled person and the other ones would fail or suffer in a difficult situation before achievement. Furthermore, the mind of youngsters is changing easily. Moreover, making effort and handling a lot of tasks in schooling will even build a strong personality. Therefore, homework should be given to all students. In conclusion, it depends on the situation and people how they would like to advance their life. However, to manage school homework could be the momentous effect in any work environments. Thus, I will believe that being given homework is much important than without homework in school. [email protected] Thanks

Online Learning Essay

With the onset of the Covid-19 pandemic, most schools have had to switch to teaching online. Some people think that online teaching is as effective as in-person instruction, while others think online teaching is inferior. Discuss both these views and give your own opinion. It is considered by some that having online classes are as good as face-to-face classes, while there are others who think having face-to-face classes are better than having online classes. In my opinion, I believe that face-to-face classes are better for practical courses, while online classes are similar to face-to-face classes for theoretical courses. On the one hand, many think online classes are comparable to face-to-face classes. In other words, they think online classes could provide students the same standard of teaching and feedback. Nothing changes except for the medium to deliver the classes. Students would still need to finish assignments, do presentations and sit for examinations. On the other hand, some think online classes are lower in quality. Teaching staffs might not use to deliver lectures or classes through online platforms and ignore some questions from students. Consequently, some students need to spend extra time to email lecturers or teachers to answer their enquiries. Finally, in my opinion, whether face-to-face classes are better or equally efficient as online classes, depends on the major of the students. For example, face-to-face classes are better for students who are studying arts, physical education and chemistry, which required certain practical skills to succeed in their relevant fields. In contrast, online classes are as high quality as face-to-face classes for students who study law, accounting, cultural studies, which required more theoretical knowledge than getting their hands dirty. In conclusion, both teaching methods, either online or in person, could help students to achieve in their studies. It just depends on what students are studying to determine which method delivers better learning quality and experience.

IELTS Essay - Choice of School Subjects

by Ali Almasi (Esfahan, Iran)

Schools should only offer subjects that are beneficial to students’ future career success. Other subjects, such as music and sports, are not important. To what extent do you agree or disagree? It is generally thought that students should only study subjects which are beneficial to their successful future career and other topics like music and sports are not of importance. Personally, I am of the opinion that schools should provide, pupils with a marvelous opportunity to learn different subjects. There are many positive points if schools incorporate are lessons into their curriculum. One of the most important advantages with respect to this view is that it can significantly contribute to the enhancement of children’s creativity. Scientifically speaking, it has been proven that music and sports lessons may afford students the opportunity to develop their efficiency, performance and innovation. As a result, it can be particularly beneficial for them if they have an acquaintance with this type of subjects. Another merit can be ascribed to the fact that music can provide students with assistance to recall satisfactory memories and sports lessons may mitigate the risk of suffering from the infirmities and frailties of old age. Therefore, the more children study art topics during their studies the more they become successful in their occupation in the future. Another benefit in support of this view stems from the familiarity with expressing emotions. In other words, music and sports can boost children’s ability to explain their emotions and display their affection towards each other. Hence, they are competent in leading a tranquil lifestyle fraught with composure. By contrast, there is no doubt that subjects, such as math, chemistry and physics have played a significant role in the future career of children. This is because these subjects are rooted in reality and have a direct impact on all facets of children’s existence. It is true, though, that the brain of students is growing and needs to become acquainted with other courses. There are a large number of illustrations which indicate that children should be at liberty to opt their favorite discipline themselves to become successful, such as Elon Mask and Taylor Swift In conclusion, although educational systems consider subjects in the curriculum that would be useful for future job success of students, other topics like music and sports are of immense significance for them.

IELTS Essay - Compulsory Sport at School

by zaid khan

It is generally accepted that exercise is good for children and teenagers. Therefore physical education and sport should be compulsory for all students in all schools. What is your opinion? Although physical training is beneficial for children and teenagers alike, making it compulsory for all students in all schools is not a good idea. Rather it is the duty of each and every child's parents to ensure that their children get the required fitness education. In today's world, there are many types of schools including those for specially abled children where some pupils may not be able participate in sports due to some disability. Also there are a plenty of games that all played today and it is not feasible for any school to train their pupil for every one of them. For the sake of argument, if we make physical education as a mandatory subject in the curriculum then people will next argue which sport to make as obligatory in schools and that will be a never ending debate. Also, each sport has their specific requirements such as hiring qualified trainers, high-end equipment, open spaces, and quality time which would add to the expenses of institutions and shift the focus from their fundamental duty of imparting scholastic knowledge. Rather, It is the duty of each parents and not the schools to facilitate recreational activities for their children. Every parent should try to encourage their child to be sportive and should try to find which sport interest their child the most. They can then, enroll their offspring to master in his or her favorite play at sport-complexes which are designed for making champions which can never happen in a school. Also some games such as boxing involve a high risk of injury and should only be trained at premises where immediate medical help can be given which again cannot be expected in a school compound. In conclusion, although sports education is good for a child but it should not be made compulsory in a school. Instead parents should take the responsibility of their child's physical fitness and let schools pay attention on children's curricular activities. 329 words 1,939 characters

IELTS Essay - Investing in Computers or Teachers

by Shatha Salman (Jordan)

Computers or Teachers?

Some believe that money for education should mainly be spent on better computers while others believe it would be better spent on teachers. Discuss both views and give your own opinion. There is no doubt education play a crucial role in people’s lives. However, while some think investments in teaching should be towards enhanced technology and up to date computing machines, I would agree with those who argue that it will be a well spent fund if spent on tutors. Opponents point out that increased technology capabilities are important in students’ life cycle. This is because nowadays market requirements are all evolved on acquiring better computer skills. For instance, a student who has dealt earlier years in his education with advanced soft wares will somehow surpass the other. If, in contrast no funds were allocated for such valuable tool, a huge gap will arise later in students’ career. Meanwhile attracting talented tutors with a rich experience and knowledgeable resume will somehow comes in favor of students. In other words these teachers will inherit their lessons and expand learnings if they were paid the salary they deserve and by that they will be motivated to achieve their objectives and deliver the value to students. For example, some teachers connect spiritually with their students and encourage them to unleash the potential inside of them by the skills they already have throughout life. In order to have high maintained educational system, good talents with high level of experience to expand should be first on demand. In conclusion, although developed computers could contribute positively in education process and readiness, in my opinion investing in teachers are more vulnerable.

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Indian Education System Essay

Indian education system has changed over the time. A major change in our education system came with the colonization of the country by the Britishers. It was the British Government who introduced modern education in India, as they wanted some educated Indians to assist them in administering the state. Indian education system is mainly divided into four stages – lower primary, upper primary, high school and higher secondary.

Students follow a fixed curriculum up to 10 th standard; though, in higher secondary they get to choose from various streams i.e. science, commerce, etc. Apart from certain textual changes and over time rectifications, nothing much has changed in Indian Education system. The need to reform and restructure our education system has been felt many time. However, no concrete steps have yet been taken in this direction.

Long and Short Essays on Indian Education System in English

Here are Long and Short Essays on Indian Education system in English of varying lengths to help you with the topic in your exam.

After going through this Indian Education System Essay you will be well versed with the Indian Education system and its shortcomings.

Also, you would be able to assess it and make suggestions for its improvement.

These Essays will help you in your school essay writing competition and also in several debate competitions.

Short Essay on Indian Education System – Essay 1 (200 words)

Indian education system is quite different from that of the foreign nations. The curriculum in the western countries is known to be quite light and based on practical knowledge whereas in India the focus is on theoretical knowledge and acquiring marks by hook or crook.

Students are expected to mug up chapter after chapter and fetch good grades in the class. The marking system in the Indian schools begins from the primary classes thereby burdening little kids. The competition is growing by the day. Parents want their children to outperform their peers and teachers want their class to do better than the other classes.

They are so blinded by the urge of staying ahead of the competition that they do not realize that they are pushing the children in the wrong direction. At an age when the students should be given the chance to explore their interests and hone their creative side, they are pressurized to follow a set curriculum and slog day and night to get good marks.

Instead of making the students understand various concepts of mathematics, physics and other subjects so that they can use them at different stages in their life, the focus is on blindly learning the chapters whether or not the concepts are understood just so that one can get good marks. So, the very basis of the Indian education system is inappropriate.

Essay on Indian Education System Needs Serious Reforms – Essay 2 (300 words)

Introduction

Indian education system is said to be old and mundane. In the times, when the organizations are looking for creative and enthusiastic individuals, the Indian schools train the young minds, to follow a set curriculum and behave as they are told for almost fifteen years of their lives. There is no freedom to provide suggestions or share ideas. There is a serious need to reform the Indian education system which in turn helps in developing smarter individuals.

Need to Think Out of the Box

There is a dire need to think out of the box if we want to make new inventions, bring positive changes in the society and prosper at a personal level. However, unfortunately our schools train us otherwise. They tie us to a set study schedule and keep us so busy with completing the assignments and learning theoretical lessons that there is no room left for creativity.

The Indian education system must be changed to make way for creative thinking. Schools must focus on activities that challenge the student’s mind, hone their analytical skills and invoke their creative thinking ability. This will help them perform better in different fields as they grow up.

Need for All Round Development

The primary focus of the Indian education system is on academics. Here also the focus is not on understanding the concept and enhancing knowledge but only on mugging up the lessons with or without understanding them with the sole aim of attaining good marks. Even though some schools have extra-curricular activities, there is hardly one class per week for these activities.

Education in the Indian schools has just been reduced to gaining theoretical knowledge which is not enough to raise an intelligent and responsible individual. The system must be changed to ensure the all round development of the students.

The people in power must understand that the Indian education system requires serious reforms. The system must change to develop students spiritually, morally, physically as well as mentally.

Essay on Indian Education System and Its Development – Essay 3 (400 words)

Indian Education System has seen quite a few changes ever since its inception. It has changed with the changing times and with the changes in the society. However, whether these changes and developments are for good or not is still a question.

The Gurukul

The Indian education system dates back several centuries. From the ancient times, children are being sent to the teachers to learn lessons on different subjects and to add value to their lives and make them skilled to live a self dependent life. During the ancient times, the gurukuls were set up in various parts of the country.

Children went to gurukuls to seek education. They stayed with their guru (teacher) in their ashram until they completed their education. The students were taught various skills, given lessons in different subjects and were even involved in doing the household chores to ensure their all round development.

British Brought About Changes in the Indian Education System

As the Britishers colonized India, the Gurukul system began to fade away as the Britishers set up schools that followed a different education system. The subjects taught in these schools were quite different from that taught in the gurukuls and so was the way the study sessions were conducted.

There was a sudden change in the entire education system of India. The focus shifted from the all round development of the students to the academic performance. This was not a very good change. However, one thing that changed for good during this time was that girls also began to seek education and were enrolled in schools.

Introduction of Educomp Smart Classes

The education system introduced by the British is still prevalent in India. However, with the advancement in technology many schools have adopted to newer means to impart education to the students. Educomp smart classes have been introduced in the schools. These classes have brought about a positive change. Unlike the earlier times when the students only learned from the books, they now get to see their lessons on a big wide screen installed in their class rooms. This makes the learning experience interesting and helps the students grasp better.

In addition to it, many extra-curricular activities are also being introduced by the schools for the all round development of the students. However, the marking system still remains as stringent and the students have to focus largely on their academics.

So, there has been a major shift in the Indian education system since the ancient times. However, we require further reforms in the system for the proper development of the students.

Essay on Education System in India is Good or Bad – Essay 4 (500 words)

The Indian education system is said to be largely flawed. It does more harm than good to the young minds. However, some people may argue that it gives a good platform to the students as it challenges their mind and focuses on increasing their grasping power. The debate on whether the Indian education system is good or bad is ongoing.

The Good and Bad of the Indian Education System

While the people in power discuss the good and the bad in the Indian education system and whether there is a need to bring in reforms or not, here is a look at the pros and cons of the same.

Cons of Indian Education System

Indian education system has many cons. Here is a look at some of the main cons in the system:

Lack of Practical Knowledge

Focus of the Indian education system is on the theoretical part. Teachers read out from the book during the classes and explain the concepts verbally. Students are expected to understand even the intricate concepts theoretically. The need to impart practical knowledge is not felt even though it is highly essential.

Focus on Grades

The focus of the Indian schools is on mugging up the chapters to get good grades. Teachers do not bother if the students have understood the concept or not, all they look at is the marks they have obtained.

No Significance to All Round Development

The focus is only on studies. No effort is made to build a student’s character or his physical health. The schools do not contribute in the all round development of their students.

Over Burdening

The students are over burdened with studies. They study for long hours in the school and are given a pile of home work to complete at home. In addition to it, the regular class tests, first term examination, weekly examination and mid-term examination puts a lot of pressure on the young minds.

Pros of Indian Education System

Here are some of the pros of the Indian education system:

Provides Knowledge on Different Subjects

The Indian education system includes a vast curriculum and imparts knowledge on various subjects including maths, environmental science, moral science, social science, English, Hindi and computer science to name a few. All these subjects form a part of the curriculum from the primary classes itself. So, the students gain knowledge about different subjects from an early age.

Inculcates Discipline

The schools in India are very particular about their timings, time table, ethical code, marking system and study schedule. Students need to follow the rules set by the school else they are punished. This is a good way to inculcate discipline in the students.

Increases Grasping Power

Owing to the marking and ranking system in the Indian schools, the students are required to learn their lessons thoroughly. They need to do so in order to fetch good marks and rank higher than their classmates. They look for different ways to concentrate and grasp better. Those who identify the tools that help them grasp better are able to enhance their grasping power which helps them throughout their lives.

Indian education system has been criticized time and again. There is a tremendous need to change this system to ensure proper development of our young generation.

Long Essay on Indian Education System – Essay 5 (600 words)

Indian education system is one of the oldest education systems around the globe. It is unfortunate that while the education systems of the other nations have undergone major changes with the changing times and technological advancement we are still stuck with the old and mundane system. Neither has our system seen any major change in the curriculum nor has there been any significant change in the way the education is imparted.

Problems with Indian Education System

The Indian education system has numerous problems that hinder the proper growth and development of an individual. One of the main problems with the Indian education system is its marking system. The intelligence of the students is judged by the way they perform in a 3 hour theoretical paper rather than by their overall performance in the class. In such a scenario, learning lessons to get good marks becomes the sole aim of the students. They are not able to think beyond it. They are not bothered about understanding concepts or enhancing their knowledge all they think about is to look for ways to get good marks.

Another problem is that the focus is only on theory. No importance is given to practical learning. Our education system encourages the students to become bookworms and does not prepare them for handling the real problems and challenges of life.

Academics are given so much importance that the need to involve the students in sports and art activities is overlooked. Students are also overburdened with studies. Regular exams are held and students are scrutinized at every step. This creates acute stress among the students. The stress level of the students continues to grow as they advance to higher classes.

Ways to Improve Indian Education System

Many ideas and suggestions have been shared to improve the Indian education system. Some of the ways to change our education system for good include:

Focus on Skill Development

It is the time for the Indian schools and colleges to stop putting so much importance to the marks and ranks of the students and focus on skill development instead. The cognitive, problem solving, analytical and creative thinking skills of the students must be enhanced. In order to do so they must be involved in various academic as well as extra-curricular activities instead of caging them in the dull class room sessions.

Impart Practical Knowledge

Practical knowledge is very important to develop a thorough understanding of any subject. However, our Indian education system focuses mainly on theoretical knowledge. This needs to be changed. Students must be imparted practical knowledge for better understanding and application.

Revise the Curriculum

The curriculum of our schools and colleges is the same since decades. It is the time to change it as per the changing times so that the students learn things more relevant to their times. For instance, computer should become one of the main subjects in schools so that students learn how to work efficiently on the same from the very beginning. Similarly, there should be classes on developing good communication skills as it is the need of the hour.

Hire Better Teaching Staff

In order to save a few bucks, the educational institutes in our country hire teachers who demand less salary even if they are not highly skilled and experienced. This approach must be changed. Good teaching staff must be hired in order to nurture the young minds well.

Look Beyond Academics

The education system of our country must look beyond academics. Sports, arts and other activities must also be given importance to ensure the all round development of students.

While the need to change the Indian education system has been emphasized several times nothing much has been done in this regard. It is the time to understand the importance of changing this old system for the better future of the children as well as the country as a whole.

Importance of Education Essay

Speech on Indian Education System

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Money essay, music essay, education essay, newspaper essay, my hobby essay.

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Indian Education System Issues And Challenges

Major Issues in the Indian Education System

The Indian Education System has its share of issues and challenges which need to be resolved to provide better and improved education to children, who are the future of the country. Over the years, a lot has changed in the Indian education system but still, there are many loopholes and problems which need to be resolved.

In this article, we shall discuss in detail the issues and challenges with the Indian Education System and a few counter solutions to overcome these challenges. Also discussed are a few schemes which have been initiated by the Government for the improved education of students across the country.

Aspirants preparing for the upcoming IAS Exam must carefully go through this article.

Education System in India – Issues Download PDF Here

About the Indian Education System

A major shift in the education system can be observed from the pre and post-British rule till today in India. Initially, children were educated in Gurukuls which was later modified and the modern education system was introduced.

After India became independent, the constitution committed six fundamental rights, of which one was the Right to Education. It allowed free education for every child up between the ages of 6 and 14 years.

The education system is mainly divided into pre-primary, primary, elementary and secondary education, which is followed by higher studies.

However, there are many drawbacks and loopholes in this system which if curbed can work for the overall development of the country.

To know in detail about the Right to Education Act (RTE) , aspirants can visit the linked article.

Current Issues in Education in India

Discussed below are the current issues with the Education system in India:

Expenditure on education – More funds should be allotted for the development of the education system in India. In the past few years, many beneficial steps have been taken in this direction and if the same is continued India may soon overcome the current challenges.
Gross enrolment pattern – As followed by the UN must also be adopted by India.
Capacity utilisation – The world now needs creative minds and the Government must encourage schools to boost the students and utilise their capacities to the max and not let their ideas go unheard.
Infrastructure facilities – Better infrastructure must be provided especially in Government schools. Since the Government is now focussing on digital education, they must undertake steps to provide all necessary facilities in the Government schools and rural areas as well.
PPP model – Well-designed PPPs can create models of innovation for the school system in India. Thus the Public-Private Partnership (PPP) model must be taken into consideration.
Student-teacher ratio – The number of students in search of proper education is way more in comparison to the teachers and faculty available. Thus, qualified teachers must be appointed to impart knowledge to the future of the country.
Accreditation and branding – quality standards.
Students studying abroad – Many students choose to study abroad because of these issues in the Indian education system. The concerned authorities must work on them and students must also choose to stay, learn in India and empower the country through their knowledge.

UPSC and other Government exam aspirants can also refer to the links given below for exam preparation:

Indian Education System Problems and Solutions

There are a few simple solutions which can help in overcoming the problems with the India Education System:

Innovations required – India is moving towards digital education. This will help in budding the innovative minds of students and the youth of the country. This will bring a transformation in the Indian education system and the authorities and Government must encourage and boost the young minds to focus on overall development rather than just the book-learning.
Quality of education – There is a major difference in the quality of education being provided in the rural and urban areas of the country. Steps must be taken to standardize the quality of education across India so that everyone can get equal and unbiased knowledge and opportunities to grow.
Making education affordable – There are Government schools and educational Institutions which are affordable but lack in terms of infrastructure and quality. On the other hand, there are various private education institutions which demand high fees and have better infrastructure and equipment to study. This disparity must be worked upon and the Government must make education affordable and accessible for all.

Schemes & Campaigns to Boost Education System in India

Given below is a list of Government schemes introduced to enhance the education system in India:

Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan – Launched in 2001 to promote ‘Education for All’, strengthening the existing infrastructure of schools and construction of new schools. To know in details about the Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan (SSA) , visit the linked article.
National Programme for Education of Girls at Elementary Level – It is a focused intervention of the Government of India, to reach the “Hardest to Reach” girls, especially those not in school. Read more at Elementary Education: Moving Towards RTE And Quality Improvement.
Mid-Day Meal Scheme – It is one meal that is provided to all children enrolled in government schools, government-aided schools, local body schools, special training centres (STC), madrasas and maktabs supported under Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan (SSA). Visit the Mid Day Meal Scheme page to learn more.
Rashtriya Madhyamik Shiksha Abhiyan – It is a flagship scheme aiming at enhancing secondary education and increasing the enrolment rate by providing a secondary school within a reasonable distance of every home.
Scheme for Infrastructure Development in Minority Institutes – The scheme would facilitate the education of minorities by augmenting and strengthening school infrastructure in Minority Institutions to expand facilities for formal education to children of minority communities.
Beti Bachao Beti Padhao – The scheme to promote girl child education in India. Visit the Sukanya Samriddhi Yojana page to learn more about the BBBP campaign.

Aspirants can get the detailed UPSC Syllabus for the prelims and mains examination at the linked article and start their exam preparation accordingly.

Frequently Asked Questions about Indian Education System

What are some of the problems that beset the indian education system, how effective is the indian education system.

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The Indian Education System : Features, Pros, Cons and Way forward

Why is India still one of the developing countries and what is stopping it from being a developed one? This particular question strikes me every time when I read something about India’s education system. I see India’s education system as an obstacle towards its objectives of achieving inclusive growth.

The Indian Education system: Overview

Our country India has always been famous for gaining education since the Vedic period. In ancient times, India had the Guru Kula system of education in which anyone who wished to study went to a teacher’s (Guru) house and requested to be taught. If accepted as a student, the guru allows the student to stay at his place and help in all activities at home. This not only created a strong tie between the teacher and the student but also taught the student everything about running a house. The guru teaches the student everything that he wants to learn, from Sanskrit to the Holy Scriptures and from Mathematics to Metaphysics. The student stayed as long as he wished or until the guru felt that he had taught everything he could teach. All of the learning was closely linked to nature and to life, and not just confined to memorizing some information.

Until the 17th century, India was considered one of the richest country in the world. However, due to the arrival of the foreign colonizers and the wrong policies of the then rulers, India lost almost all its richness wealth wise as well as knowledge-wise. Originally, Lord Thomas Babington Macaulay brought the modern school system to India, including the English language, in the 1830s. The educational program was restricted to the so-called modern subjects such as science and mathematics, and subjects like metaphysics and philosophy were considered unnecessary. The teaching was confined only to classrooms and the link with nature and the close relationship between the teacher and the student was broken.

The modern education system has been supported by one formula: ‘cheap, required and customary education to all’. Even people are able to decide by their conscience that what means of education are going to be best suited to them. Still, many people are ignoramus regarding words and literacy. Therefore, they are within the necessity to urge a correct education. It is required to supply education to all, as other nations are so much ahead within the field of education. It is all in the hand of the government that what ought to be the exact type of system in which education for all is secured. Moreover, even the government has taken nice measures to extend the level of education.

The main features of the modern education system in India are as follows:

A system of obligatory education to all or any children up to the year of fourteen. Under this age, all children must be given education in any government or private school.
If any child is forced to do any other job excluding from being educated the person concerned in such activities will be treated as per law.
After gaining primary education, a child can be given secondary education .
For providing this level of education each, the central and state governments are involved through their boards, which are created for this purpose.
There are also private boards who conduct a high school or intermediate exams.
After their 10+2 (secondary schooling), a person can pursue bachelor, master and an alternative specialization degree in several fields of their selection.

The above points appear to be simple but there are any flaws in this system as well.

Advantages and Disadvantages of Indian Education system

Advantages of Indian education

With the advancement of education, India has seen an excellent development within the field of economy. People are less unemployed and some of them are even freelancing or rather self-employed. One of the best positive things is that child labor has gone down to an excellent extent. There are also reservation systems available for the socially underprivileged people. The present statistics is 7.5% of the scheduled tribes, 15% for the scheduled castes and 27% of the other backward class, but the exact percentages vary from state to state. In Haryana, the reservation is 18% for SCs and 1% for OBCs and 0% for STs, based on local demographics. In Tamil Nadu, the reservation is 18% for SCs and 1% for STs, based on local demographics.

Presently there are chiefly two boards with the exception of the state boards conveying education until higher secondary, that is, ICSE and CBSE. In addition to this, there are also Open Universities providing study at home facility. If you crosscheck the technical fields, there are several institutions providing higher education. Additionally, you will find some institution providing the facility of e-Tutorial.

Disadvantages of Indian education

The major downside of the prevailing system of education is that it is not easily affordable. Nowadays in India, more than 37% of people are living below the poverty level. Therefore, they cannot afford education even at the primary level.

Another reason for the poor quality of education is the poor quality of teachers in government schools. The level of education that government schools are not as expected and they do not possess an honest image among people. The ensuing possibility is the private institutions, which provides degrees from private to postgraduate. However, they are very costly an also the admission procedure is too complicated for common person to access.

The best part of Indian Education system was and is in its ‘Rote Learning’- Kanthastha, as it was in ancient India. This stimulates the mind, body, soul. Improves concentration and bursts the stress. Invokes inner sense. In the CBSE system, with continuous analysis and understanding of theory concept, the student is bound to do well in life. However, the annual system can be a boon for slow and average learners. The understanding of various subjects and equal weight to all is another excellent way to give horizontal knowledge. There is a combination of logic and ability, thereby, giving equal importance to the left and right brains. It is such a holistic educational system.

Moreover, there are several political heads, which form a great gap between the Indian government and the common people. A number of them take money from the government, however, do not utilize for the great of the common people. In addition, one will find several socially forward individuals taking the benefits of the reservation system. The problem lies within the massive percentage of illiteracy and population. These two things need to be focused much on creating any development.

Steps to improve the current system:

Following steps should be taken to enhance and boost the current education system and convey it in everyone’s reach:

The government ought to take steps to extend the number of primary schools in order that people of each village can get education easily.
There ought to be more emphasis given on adult education as it is necessary to teach the parents and guardians first in order that they become keen towards there ward’s education.
The role of the private institutions ought to be made restricted and so that people do not depend too much on them. In this way, they will not be taking a high amount of fees as they want.
The condition of the government colleges and institution ought to be raised to a reasonable level.
New syllabus ought to replace the old ones so as to provide the latest knowledge to students.
Education loans ought to be made available easily so that even poor students can afford a high level of education.
There ought to be strict laws relating to the cheating and coaching mafias.
In addition, the system of education ought to be created free of corruption.
Everyone ought to be given equal opportunity without discriminating on the premise of rich and poor or on the premise of gender.
Especially girl’s education ought to be given topmost priority.

Conclusion:

The conclusion that we are able to draw is that even within the modern time, India can be given back it is standing of a wealthy knowledge full land, choked with ethics and moral beauty. In short, India is a progressing country and the present scenario of Indian education can be improved a lot. The sole step to be taken is to boost ourselves and there is a necessity of strict laws to appreciate the good ones and to penalize the wrong ones regardless of what the field is. The solution lies in the question. How to improve the system of education? And the answer is “Education”. The sole way to improve education is education.

by Pragyan

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Essay on Indian Education System in English for Children and Students

Table of Contents

Essay on Indian Education System: Indian education system has changed over the time. A major change in our education system came with the colonization of the country by the Britishers. It was the British Government who introduced modern education in India, as they wanted some educated Indians to assist them in administering the state. Indian education system is mainly divided into four stages – lower primary, upper primary, high school and higher secondary.

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Long and Short Essays on Indian Education System in English

Here are Long and Short Essays on Indian Education system in English of varying lengths to help you with the topic in your exam.

After going through this Indian Education System Essay you will be well versed with the Indian Education system and its shortcomings.

Also, you would be able to assess it and make suggestions for its improvement.

These Essays will help you in your school essay writing competition and also in several debate competitions.

Short Essay on Indian Education System – Essay 1 (200 words)

Essay on Indian Education System Needs Serious Reforms – Essay 2 (300 words)

Introduction

Need to Think Out of the Box

Need for All Round Development

The people in power must understand that the Indian education system requires serious reforms. The system must change to develop students spiritually, morally, physically as well as mentally.

Essay on Indian Education System and Its Development – Essay 3 (400 words)

The Gurukul

British Brought About Changes in the Indian Education System

Introduction of Educomp Smart Classes

So, there has been a major shift in the Indian education system since the ancient times. However, we require further reforms in the system for the proper development of the students.

Essay on Education System in India is Good or Bad – Essay 4 (500 words)

The Good and Bad of the Indian Education System

While the people in power discuss the good and the bad in the Indian education system and whether there is a need to bring in reforms or not, here is a look at the pros and cons of the same.

Cons of Indian Education System

Indian education system has many cons. Here is a look at some of the main cons in the system:

Lack of Practical Knowledge

Focus of the Indian education system is on the theoretical part. Teachers read out from the book during the classes and explain the concepts verbally. Students expected to understand even the intricate concepts theoretically. The need to impart practical knowledge is not felt even though it is highly essential.

Focus on Grades

No Significance to All Round Development

The focus is only on studies. No effort is made to build a student’s character or his physical health. The schools do not contribute in the all round development of their students.

Over Burdening

Pros of Indian Education System

Here are some of the pros of the Indian education system:

Provides Knowledge on Different Subjects

Inculcates Discipline

The schools in India are very particular about their timings, time table, ethical code, marking system and study schedule. Students need to follow the rules set by the school else they punished. This is a good way to inculcate discipline in the students.

Increases Grasping Power

Owing to the marking and ranking system in the Indian schools, the students required to learn their lessons thoroughly. They need to do so in order to fetch good marks and rank higher than their classmates. They look for different ways to concentrate and grasp better. Those who identify the tools that help them grasp better are able to enhance their grasping power which helps them throughout their lives.

Indian education system has criticized time and again. There is a tremendous need to change this system to ensure proper development of our young generation.

Long Essay on Indian Education System – Essay 5 (600 words)

Indian education system is one of the oldest education systems around the globe. It is unfortunate that while the education systems of the other nations have undergone major changes with the changing times and technological advancement we are still stuck with the old and mundane system. Neither has our system seen any major change in the curriculum nor has there any significant change in the way the education imparted.

Problems with Indian Education System

The Indian education system has numerous problems that hinder the proper growth and development of an individual. One of the main problems with the Indian education system is its marking system. The intelligence of the students judged by the way they perform in a 3 hour theoretical paper rather than by their overall performance in the class. In such a scenario, learning lessons to get good marks becomes the sole aim of the students. They are not able to think beyond it. They not bothered about understanding concepts or enhancing their knowledge all they think about is to look for ways to get good marks.

Another problem is that the focus is only on theory. No importance given to practical learning. Our education system encourages the students to become bookworms and does not prepare them for handling the real problems and challenges of life.

Academics given so much importance that the need to involve the students in sports and art activities overlooked. Students also overburdened with studies. Regular exams held and students scrutinized at every step. This creates acute stress among the students. The stress level of the students continues to grow as they advance to higher classes.

Ways to Improve Indian Education System

Many ideas and suggestions have shared to improve the Indian education system. Some of the ways to change our education system for good include:

Focus on Skill Development

It is the time for the Indian schools and colleges to stop putting so much importance to the marks and ranks of the students and focus on skill development instead. The cognitive, problem solving, analytical and creative thinking skills of the students must enhanced. In order to do so they must involved in various academic as well as extra-curricular activities instead of caging them in the dull class room sessions.

Impart Practical Knowledge

Practical knowledge is very important to develop a thorough understanding of any subject. However, our Indian education system focuses mainly on theoretical knowledge. This needs to changed. Students must imparted practical knowledge for better understanding and application.

Revise the Curriculum

The curriculum of our schools and colleges is the same since decades. It is the time to change it as per the changing times so that the students learn things more relevant to their times. For instance, computer should become one of the main subjects in schools so that students learn how to work efficiently on the same from the very beginning. Similarly, there should classes on developing good communication skills as it is the need of the hour.

Hire Better Teaching Staff

In order to save a few bucks, the educational institutes in our country hire teachers who demand less salary even if they not highly skilled and experienced. This approach must changed. Good teaching staff must hired in order to nurture the young minds well.

Look Beyond Academics

The education system of our country must look beyond academics. Sports, arts and other activities must also given importance to ensure the all round development of students.

While the need to change the Indian education system has emphasized several times nothing much has done in this regard. It is the time to understand the importance of changing this old system for the better future of the children as well as the country as a whole.

Indian education vs foreign education: The ultimate comparison for future students

Education is one of the most crucial investments for a student's future. Choosing the right education system that meets a student's needs and goals is essential.

Indian education and foreign education systems differ significantly in several aspects, such as the education system, tuition fees, curriculum and specialisation, faculty and research opportunities, and job opportunities.

Therefore, it is essential to understand the differences between these two systems to make an informed decision about pursuing higher education. This article will compare Indian education vs. foreign education, highlighting their strengths and weaknesses.

Indian education vs foreign education

Indian education system

Foreign education system, what are the benefits of studying abroad for indian students, which is better indian education or foreign education, pros and cons, which country has the best education system in the world, which foreign degrees are valid in india, embark on an academic adventure with a click.

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India and foreign countries have different education systems, and students must weigh both pros and cons to make an informed decision. Here are the factors that show how the Indian education system differs from other countries.

Education system
Tuition fees
Curriculum and specialisation
Faculty and research opportunities
Admission requirements
Admission process
Performance and assessment
Grades and scoring
Cost of living
Career opportunities

Also read: The UK higher education system explained

1. Education system

Education in India compared to foreign nations is predominantly based on the traditional model of teaching, which focuses on rote learning and theoretical knowledge. In this system, students are evaluated primarily based on their ability to memorise and reproduce information in exams.

While the Indian education approach has advantages in certain subject areas, it can limit students' critical thinking, analytical skills, and creativity. The system provides few opportunities for students to engage in hands-on or experiential learning.

In addition, students are expected to choose a particular stream early on in their education, and they are expected to stick to it throughout their degree. This approach limits their exposure to other fields and may prevent them from exploring different subjects or developing interdisciplinary skills.

In contrast, foreign education systems like the Canadian education system prioritise practical and experiential learning. They emphasise critical thinking, creativity, and problem-solving skills, essential for students to succeed in their careers.

These systems provide opportunities for students to engage in hands-on learning, internships, and co-op programs, allowing them to apply their knowledge to real-world situations.

Foreign education systems offer more diverse learning opportunities like interdisciplinary courses, online learning, and exchange programs. This diversity of options helps students broaden their skill set and gain a global perspective on their subject area.

The system also allows students to customise their degrees according to their interests and career goals, allowing them to explore different fields and develop a unique skill set.

The Indian education system has its strengths, such as producing highly qualified engineering, medicine, and management professionals. However, it also has limitations, such as limited practical learning opportunities, a rigid curriculum, and limited exposure to interdisciplinary fields.

On the other hand, foreign education systems emphasise practical learning, critical thinking, and creativity, providing students with a broader and more diverse education.

Also read: Best Countries to Study Abroad for Indian Students 2024

2. Tuition fees

One of the most significant differences between Indian and foreign education is the tuition fees. In India, education costs are relatively low compared to many foreign countries.

The tuition fees in India can vary depending on the level of education and the institution. Government-funded institutions typically charge lower tuition fees compared to private institutions.

For example , the annual tuition fees for a bachelor's degree in engineering in a government-funded institution can be around ₹50,000 to ₹2,00,000 (USD $700-$2,800) per year. In contrast, private institutions can charge anywhere between ₹2,00,000 to ₹20,00,000 (USD $2,800-$28,000) per year for the same degree.

Also read: Cost Of Studying In The USA For Indian Students

In contrast, the cost of education in foreign countries, especially in developed countries like the USA, Canada, and Australia, is much higher. The tuition fees for a bachelor's degree in these countries can range from $20,000 to $50,000 per year.

Additionally, students also have to pay for living expenses, accommodation, and other related costs, which can add up to a significant amount.

While the cost of education in India is relatively low compared to many countries, the cost has steadily increased in recent years. Foreign education systems are more expensive, but they also provide more opportunities for financial aid and scholarships , which can reduce the burden on students.

Also read: How much does it cost to study in Canada?

3. Curriculum and specialisation

The curriculum and specialisation options offered in Indian and foreign education systems differ significantly. In India, the education system is often rigid and does not provide students with many opportunities to explore different fields.

Students are expected to choose a specific stream or specialisation early on in their education and stick to it throughout their degree. The Indian education system is based on a centralised curriculum prescribed by the respective boards of education.

This system leaves little room for customisation or personalisation of courses, and students have limited choices in the courses they can take. As a result, students often need more exposure to different fields and may not have the opportunity to develop interdisciplinary skills.

Foreign education systems emphasise flexibility and provide students with various course options and specialisation areas. Students can often choose their courses based on their interests and career goals, and they have the freedom to explore different fields.

Foreign education systems encourage interdisciplinary learning, enabling students to gain a more holistic understanding of their field. These systems also offer more specialised courses and degrees, allowing students to develop niche skills in demand in the job market.

For example , students can specialise in digital marketing, entrepreneurship, sustainable development, or data science. This specialisation helps students gain a competitive edge in the job market and contributes to their career growth.

Also read: What are the 4 best countries to study MBA for Indian students?

4. Faculty and research opportunities

The quality of faculty and research opportunities is another area where Indian and foreign education systems differ significantly.

In India, while there are several institutions of national importance, the quality of faculty and research opportunities varies widely across institutions.

While institutions strive to offer the finest education and experience and are of national importance in India, the quality of faculty and research opportunities could be more consistent across institutions.

Many universities find it difficult to attract and retain top-quality faculty members, and there is also minimal investment in research infrastructure and resources.

The use of technology in Indian education is often limited, and many institutions do not have the necessary infrastructure and resources to support advanced teaching and learning methods.

On the other hand, foreign education systems, particularly in developed countries like the US, Canada, and the UK, strongly emphasise research and innovation.

These institutions have world-class facilities and resources, which attract top-quality faculty members from around the world. Students can access many research opportunities and work with leading researchers in their field.

In many cases, foreign education institutions collaborate with industry, which allows students to work on cutting-edge projects and gain practical experience. This exposure to industry and research often gives students an advantage in the job market.

Another area where foreign education systems excel is using technology and digital tools to enhance teaching and learning. Many institutions use advanced technologies such as virtual and augmented reality to provide students with immersive and interactive learning experiences.

While several institutions are of national importance in India, the quality of faculty and research opportunities could be more consistent across institutions.

In contrast, foreign education systems, particularly in developed countries, strongly emphasise research and innovation, and students have access to world-class facilities and resources.

The use of technology in foreign education systems is also more advanced, providing students with immersive and interactive learning experiences.

Also read: The benefits of studying abroad

5. Admission requirements

Before applying for a study program at a university, students are required to satisfy the eligibility requirements before sending the application. While the criteria vary with every university, here are the admission requirements of an Indian education system.

Admission requirements for the Indian education system

Data updated as of January 2024

Note: The eligibility requirement varies with every program and university. Ensure you check the course page for the requirements before submitting the application.

Similar to the Indian system, foreign education systems require international students to satisfy their admission requirements to process their applications further. Here are the common eligibility requirements for higher education abroad.

Admission requirements for the foreign education system

Note: The eligibility requirement differs with every program and university. Ensure you verify the requirements with the course page before submitting the application.

Also read: What are the requirements to study abroad from India?

6. Admission process

The admission process in an Indian education system involves various steps for students to apply for the program they wish to pursue. Here’s the admission process for better understanding.

Research and shortlist your desired courses
Check eligibility and ensure your profile satisfies them
Attend the entrance exams if required
Attend the interview by the university
Wait for the admission results
Pay the fees and confirm your admission

In addition to the usual admission process, foreign education systems require you to apply for a visa so that you are allowed to pursue higher education in the respective country. Here’s the step-by-step process for international students.

Determine which study destination you wish to pursue higher education
Research and shortlist courses that suit your interests
Prepare for and clear the English proficiency exams ( IELTS , TOEFL , PTE , or Duolingo )
Attend entrance exams ( SAT , ACT , MCAT , GRE or GMAT ) if required
Apply for a visa and complete the process to obtain it

The Indian and foreign education systems follow almost the same admission process. In addition to the regular process, international students are required to take English proficiency tests and apply for visas to pursue higher education in their preferred study destination.

Also read: The ultimate list of entrance exams to study abroad

7. Performance and assessment

The Indian education system determines a student’s performance and grades majorly through assessments. Universities conduct monthly assessments and semester exams that makeup at least 70% of their final scorecards.

Assignments and projects like seminars, essays, research projects, reports, thesis, case studies, and group activities that contribute to the remaining performance metrics in the scorecard.

Foreign education systems function in a way that is opposite of the Indian education system. Non-classroom activities and assignments, like projects, research opportunities, seminars, essays, and others, contribute to most of the performance metrics in the student scorecards.

While the Indian education system focuses more on assessments and exams, foreign education systems evaluate students' knowledge through assignments and projects. This gives them more exposure to the subject than just textbook knowledge.

8. Grades and scoring

Indian universities typically use a 10-point grading system, which students later convert to percentages for job interviews and to pursue higher education.

Students usually take the semester exams for 100 marks, which are then converted and calculated along with the assessments and assignments to obtain a final score. The letter grades are from A to F in Indian education systems.

The percentage ranks in the Indian education system are as follows.

Distinction: Above 75%
1st class: 60-75%
2nd class: 50-60%
3rd class: 40-50%

Foreign education systems commonly follow the 4-point Grade Point Average (GPA) system. The grade points are a culmination of assessments, assignments, research, and project work.

Common GPA to percentage table

Related: International grade equivalency

9. Cost of living

Many students travel across India to pursue their desired courses in their desired university. They are required to check their cost of living, such as accommodation, food, and other essential expenses.

The average cost of living for students pursuing higher education across India is between ₹8,000 to ₹20,000 per month.

The cost of living is relatively higher for international students pursuing higher education in different parts of the world. Prices vary with every study destination as the expenses differ regarding currency exchange rates, lifestyle, availability of resources, inflation, and others.

The average cost of living for students pursuing higher education abroad is between USD $500 to $3,500 per month. It is important to remember that the expenses vary with every country and region you choose to study.

Students travel to different parts of India to pursue higher education at relatively affordable costs. While studying abroad can be expensive, the experience can be rewarding for international students in terms of post-study work visas and the vast number of available career options.

10. Career opportunities

India has a competitive job market with several high-paying job opportunities for graduates. The pay scale differs with every job sector, degree and skill set the student possesses. Here are the top job options for Indian students after graduation.

Healthcare professional
Data Engineer
Machine Learning Engineer
Cybersecurity Analyst
Blockchain Analyst
Cloud Architect
UX/UI Designer
Full Stack Developer
Digital Marketer

After graduating abroad, international students have to find job opportunities in a comparatively competitive job market. But they would have greater exposure and better pay for a rewarding career. Here are the top career options for international students abroad after higher education.

Software Engineer
Mechanical Engineer
Marketing Analyst
Financial Analyst
Management Consultant
Product Evangelist
Registered Nurse

While the global job market is considered competitive for fresh graduates, international students find it more challenging to land a job abroad than in India. But the pay scale and scope of working abroad are quite rewarding and boost your profile.

Your dream of studying abroad is here! Talk to an Edvoy counsellor and kick-start your journey today.

Frequently asked questions

Studying abroad comes with great perks for international students.

Wide range of course programs
Engage in diverse cultures
Excellent academic and research opportunities
Fantastic part-time gigs
Affordable cost of living
Remarkable job opportunities

The US, UK, Canada, Ireland, Australia, and others have the best education system in the world.

The Indian government approves all degrees obtained by students from Foreign Higher Educational Institutions (FHEIs). So, a BSc, BA, MSc, MA, BTech, MTech, or MBA from any university abroad is valid in India.

Edvoy strives to offer an exceptional academic experience for international students to study abroad. From discovering the perfect course to applying to your preferred university, we provide you with the finest guidance throughout your study abroad journey. Connect with an Edvoy Counsellor , and begin your journey today!

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Analysis of Sherman Alexies Indian Education

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100 Words Essay On Education System In India. India's education system is ideal for providing its students with a solid academic foundation. It emphasises lifelong learning and encourages its students to pursue higher education. It also develops the students' language skills by allowing them to study in both English and Indian languages.
Essay on Education System in India
500 Words Essay on Education System in India Introduction. India, with its rich and diverse culture, has a long-standing tradition of education. The Indian education system is one of the oldest in the world. ... Conclusion. The Indian education system, with its strengths and weaknesses, has a significant impact on the country's socio-economic ...
Essay on Indian Education System for Students
Long Essay on Indian Education System. Education plays a noteworthy part in individual life and also in the evolution of the nation. Indian Education is quite an old education system. ... Conclusion: Indian Education System is an effective system that develops citizens for a better future. If proper measures are implemented in this field ...
Education in India
Higher Education. According to the All India Survey on Higher Education, the Gross Enrolment Ratio (GER) in higher education in India has increased from 20.8% in 2011-12 to 25.8% in 2017-18. Lack of access is a major reason behind the low intake of higher education. The policy aims to increase GER to 50% by 2035.
Essay on Education in India
The Current Scenario. Today, India's education system is one of the largest in the world, with over 250 million students enrolled across various levels. It is characterized by a broad structure, encompassing primary, secondary, and higher education. The Right to Education Act, 2009, made education a fundamental right for children aged 6-14 ...
Education System Essays
In conclusion, to have a good education system, the society and government must work as whole, because the future of society and progress of country is comparatively reflected by the success of students in their education. ... Indian reputed schools demand donations and high fees , which a middle and lower middle class set of people cant afford ...
Indian Education System Essay
Short Essay on Indian Education System - Essay 1 (200 words) Indian education system is quite different from that of the foreign nations. The curriculum in the western countries is known to be quite light and based on practical knowledge whereas in India the focus is on theoretical knowledge and acquiring marks by hook or crook.
The education system in India: promises to keep
The education system in India: promises to keep: The Round Table: Vol 111 , No 3 - Get Access. The Round Table. The Commonwealth Journal of International Affairs. Volume 111, 2022 - Issue 3: India at 75. 397.
Indian Education System
Discussed below are the current issues with the Education system in India: Expenditure on education - More funds should be allotted for the development of the education system in India. In the past few years, many beneficial steps have been taken in this direction and if the same is continued India may soon overcome the current challenges.
The Indian Education System : Features, Pros, Cons and Way forward
This stimulates the mind, body, soul. Improves concentration and bursts the stress. Invokes inner sense. In the CBSE system, with continuous analysis and understanding of theory concept, the student is bound to do well in life. However, the annual system can be a boon for slow and average learners.
A Review on Indian Education System with Issues and Challenges
The major problems and remedies on primary education system in india by V S. Athawar April To June 2015 Online : ISSN-2394-7632, SCHOLARS IMPACT Print : ISSN-2394-7640, Vol-I, Issue-3.
Essay on Indian Education System in English for Children and Students
Conclusion. Indian education system has criticized time and again. There is a tremendous need to change this system to ensure proper development of our young generation. Long Essay on Indian Education System - Essay 5 (600 words) Introduction. Indian education system is one of the oldest education systems around the globe.
Parimala V. Rao, Beyond Macaulay: Education in India, 1780-1860
The volumes by Nita Kumar (2000) and Parna Sengupta (2011) and the essays by Amar Farooqui, Janaki Rajan and Lakshmi Subramanian in Gupta et al. (2021) also provide significant insights about the transition from indigenous to the modern education system. Parimala Rao's present volume can be treated as an important addition to this slowly ...
Indian education vs foreign education: The ultimate comparison for
Foreign education systems function in a way that is opposite of the Indian education system. Non-classroom activities and assignments, like projects, research opportunities, seminars, essays, and others, contribute to most of the performance metrics in the student scorecards.
(PDF) Problems in the Indian Education System
More specifically, the Indian educational system is known to focus on money-making, but less on moral education against corruption (Lakshimi 2009;Kumar 2012;Jain and Jain 2012; Kapur 2018; Rajguru ...
Analysis of Sherman Alexies Indian Education
In conclusion, Sherman Alexie's Indian Education is a powerful and enlightening collection of stories that provides a profound analysis of the challenges faced by Native American students in the education system. Through his vivid narratives, Alexie explores themes such as cultural identity, discrimination, and the effects of historical trauma.

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