key components of an argumentative essay

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• How to write an argumentative essay | Examples & tips

How to Write an Argumentative Essay | Examples & Tips

Published on July 24, 2020 by Jack Caulfield . Revised on July 23, 2023.

An argumentative essay expresses an extended argument for a particular thesis statement . The author takes a clearly defined stance on their subject and builds up an evidence-based case for it.

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Table of contents

When do you write an argumentative essay, approaches to argumentative essays, introducing your argument, the body: developing your argument, concluding your argument, other interesting articles, frequently asked questions about argumentative essays.

You might be assigned an argumentative essay as a writing exercise in high school or in a composition class. The prompt will often ask you to argue for one of two positions, and may include terms like “argue” or “argument.” It will frequently take the form of a question.

The prompt may also be more open-ended in terms of the possible arguments you could make.

Argumentative writing at college level

At university, the vast majority of essays or papers you write will involve some form of argumentation. For example, both rhetorical analysis and literary analysis essays involve making arguments about texts.

In this context, you won’t necessarily be told to write an argumentative essay—but making an evidence-based argument is an essential goal of most academic writing, and this should be your default approach unless you’re told otherwise.

Examples of argumentative essay prompts

At a university level, all the prompts below imply an argumentative essay as the appropriate response.

Your research should lead you to develop a specific position on the topic. The essay then argues for that position and aims to convince the reader by presenting your evidence, evaluation and analysis.

• Don’t just list all the effects you can think of.
• Do develop a focused argument about the overall effect and why it matters, backed up by evidence from sources.
• Don’t just provide a selection of data on the measures’ effectiveness.
• Do build up your own argument about which kinds of measures have been most or least effective, and why.
• Don’t just analyze a random selection of doppelgänger characters.
• Do form an argument about specific texts, comparing and contrasting how they express their thematic concerns through doppelgänger characters.

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An argumentative essay should be objective in its approach; your arguments should rely on logic and evidence, not on exaggeration or appeals to emotion.

There are many possible approaches to argumentative essays, but there are two common models that can help you start outlining your arguments: The Toulmin model and the Rogerian model.

Toulmin arguments

The Toulmin model consists of four steps, which may be repeated as many times as necessary for the argument:

• Make a claim
• Provide the grounds (evidence) for the claim
• Explain the warrant (how the grounds support the claim)
• Discuss possible rebuttals to the claim, identifying the limits of the argument and showing that you have considered alternative perspectives

The Toulmin model is a common approach in academic essays. You don’t have to use these specific terms (grounds, warrants, rebuttals), but establishing a clear connection between your claims and the evidence supporting them is crucial in an argumentative essay.

Say you’re making an argument about the effectiveness of workplace anti-discrimination measures. You might:

• Claim that unconscious bias training does not have the desired results, and resources would be better spent on other approaches
• Cite data to support your claim
• Explain how the data indicates that the method is ineffective
• Anticipate objections to your claim based on other data, indicating whether these objections are valid, and if not, why not.

Rogerian arguments

The Rogerian model also consists of four steps you might repeat throughout your essay:

• Discuss what the opposing position gets right and why people might hold this position
• Highlight the problems with this position
• Present your own position , showing how it addresses these problems
• Suggest a possible compromise —what elements of your position would proponents of the opposing position benefit from adopting?

This model builds up a clear picture of both sides of an argument and seeks a compromise. It is particularly useful when people tend to disagree strongly on the issue discussed, allowing you to approach opposing arguments in good faith.

Say you want to argue that the internet has had a positive impact on education. You might:

• Acknowledge that students rely too much on websites like Wikipedia
• Argue that teachers view Wikipedia as more unreliable than it really is
• Suggest that Wikipedia’s system of citations can actually teach students about referencing
• Suggest critical engagement with Wikipedia as a possible assignment for teachers who are skeptical of its usefulness.

You don’t necessarily have to pick one of these models—you may even use elements of both in different parts of your essay—but it’s worth considering them if you struggle to structure your arguments.

Regardless of which approach you take, your essay should always be structured using an introduction , a body , and a conclusion .

Like other academic essays, an argumentative essay begins with an introduction . The introduction serves to capture the reader’s interest, provide background information, present your thesis statement , and (in longer essays) to summarize the structure of the body.

Hover over different parts of the example below to see how a typical introduction works.

The spread of the internet has had a world-changing effect, not least on the world of education. The use of the internet in academic contexts is on the rise, and its role in learning is hotly debated. For many teachers who did not grow up with this technology, its effects seem alarming and potentially harmful. This concern, while understandable, is misguided. The negatives of internet use are outweighed by its critical benefits for students and educators—as a uniquely comprehensive and accessible information source; a means of exposure to and engagement with different perspectives; and a highly flexible learning environment.

The body of an argumentative essay is where you develop your arguments in detail. Here you’ll present evidence, analysis, and reasoning to convince the reader that your thesis statement is true.

In the standard five-paragraph format for short essays, the body takes up three of your five paragraphs. In longer essays, it will be more paragraphs, and might be divided into sections with headings.

Each paragraph covers its own topic, introduced with a topic sentence . Each of these topics must contribute to your overall argument; don’t include irrelevant information.

This example paragraph takes a Rogerian approach: It first acknowledges the merits of the opposing position and then highlights problems with that position.

Hover over different parts of the example to see how a body paragraph is constructed.

A common frustration for teachers is students’ use of Wikipedia as a source in their writing. Its prevalence among students is not exaggerated; a survey found that the vast majority of the students surveyed used Wikipedia (Head & Eisenberg, 2010). An article in The Guardian stresses a common objection to its use: “a reliance on Wikipedia can discourage students from engaging with genuine academic writing” (Coomer, 2013). Teachers are clearly not mistaken in viewing Wikipedia usage as ubiquitous among their students; but the claim that it discourages engagement with academic sources requires further investigation. This point is treated as self-evident by many teachers, but Wikipedia itself explicitly encourages students to look into other sources. Its articles often provide references to academic publications and include warning notes where citations are missing; the site’s own guidelines for research make clear that it should be used as a starting point, emphasizing that users should always “read the references and check whether they really do support what the article says” (“Wikipedia:Researching with Wikipedia,” 2020). Indeed, for many students, Wikipedia is their first encounter with the concepts of citation and referencing. The use of Wikipedia therefore has a positive side that merits deeper consideration than it often receives.

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An argumentative essay ends with a conclusion that summarizes and reflects on the arguments made in the body.

No new arguments or evidence appear here, but in longer essays you may discuss the strengths and weaknesses of your argument and suggest topics for future research. In all conclusions, you should stress the relevance and importance of your argument.

Hover over the following example to see the typical elements of a conclusion.

The internet has had a major positive impact on the world of education; occasional pitfalls aside, its value is evident in numerous applications. The future of teaching lies in the possibilities the internet opens up for communication, research, and interactivity. As the popularity of distance learning shows, students value the flexibility and accessibility offered by digital education, and educators should fully embrace these advantages. The internet’s dangers, real and imaginary, have been documented exhaustively by skeptics, but the internet is here to stay; it is time to focus seriously on its potential for good.

If you want to know more about AI tools , college essays , or fallacies make sure to check out some of our other articles with explanations and examples or go directly to our tools!

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An argumentative essay tends to be a longer essay involving independent research, and aims to make an original argument about a topic. Its thesis statement makes a contentious claim that must be supported in an objective, evidence-based way.

An expository essay also aims to be objective, but it doesn’t have to make an original argument. Rather, it aims to explain something (e.g., a process or idea) in a clear, concise way. Expository essays are often shorter assignments and rely less on research.

At college level, you must properly cite your sources in all essays , research papers , and other academic texts (except exams and in-class exercises).

Add a citation whenever you quote , paraphrase , or summarize information or ideas from a source. You should also give full source details in a bibliography or reference list at the end of your text.

The exact format of your citations depends on which citation style you are instructed to use. The most common styles are APA , MLA , and Chicago .

The majority of the essays written at university are some sort of argumentative essay . Unless otherwise specified, you can assume that the goal of any essay you’re asked to write is argumentative: To convince the reader of your position using evidence and reasoning.

In composition classes you might be given assignments that specifically test your ability to write an argumentative essay. Look out for prompts including instructions like “argue,” “assess,” or “discuss” to see if this is the goal.

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Essential components of argumentative writing

In high-quality argumentative writing, defending a position is not enough. It is necessary to provide counterarguments and rebuttals. To strengthen the quality of your argumentation, ask critical questions from the proponent (the side in favour of the argument) and the opponent’s (the side opposed to the argument) sides, and don’t hesitate to include critical questions in your argumentative writing. Asking questions is an effective method that guides self-explanation, elaboration, and self-regulatory learning. The main components of an argumentative paper are:

Claims assert your position on an issue. Your claims must be arguable. This is not an arguable claim: “this paper will examine the extent to which grouping students based on ability would accommodate their different needs.” Examining the extent of an issue suggests an expository paper instead of an argumentative one. You should claim your position by stating: “grouping students based on ability accommodates their different needs.” 

You also need to provide reasons to support your claim(s), and back up your reasons with evidence (note: your "evidence" is usually what you have found by doing your research!).

Counterarguments:

Counterarguments predict what an opponent would say to reject an argument. When you provide a counterargument, you provide reasonable objections to an argument that may arise for some who disagrees with you. For example, someone claims, “making learning fun in classrooms allows for good learning because it motivates students to learn.” Ask yourself: are there people who would say that having fun in classrooms is not necessary for learning? What would be the reasons that would support that claim? Could someone argue that emotional interest stimulated through fun activities is not as important as cognitive interest stimulated through relevant information? Would they have evidence to back up their reason? Can they explain how and why the evidence supports their claim?               

After you set up the counterarguments, you need to respond to, address, or refute those counterarguments. Otherwise, your read might end up being convinced by the opposing argument! 

In the previous example, you could ask yourself: “What can I say to show that it isn't right to suggest that emotional interest isn't as important as cognitive interest?" 

To provide a reasonable rebuttal, weigh up the balance of evidence and reasons provided in the arguments and the counterarguments, and prove that you have more evidence and reasons for the argument.

-- blog post by Teeba Obaid, PhD Candidate, Faculty of Education 

For more support on writing effective argumentative papers, check out the SLC's new resources on using templates to structure an argumentative essay, including practice exercises!: 

https://www.lib.sfu.ca/about/branches-depts/slc/writing/argumentation/templates-structuring-argumentative-essays

Thank you to SLC Graduate Writing Facilitator Mohsen for his work creating these resources! 

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Elements of Argumentative Essay: The Complete Guide

by  Antony W

October 24, 2022

It’s important to learn and understand the different elements of an argumentative essay to navigate the writing process for the project.

Understanding these elements will enable you to structure your essay well, so you can write the most significant details from start to finish.

Key Takeaways

A comprehensive argumentative essay must feature the following elements:

• Thesis statement: A thesis statement gives a summary of the main claim of the subject. Instead of being a fact or random opinion, the statement should be arguable in nature with a matter of probability.
• Audience: The audience is the people to whom you present your argument.
• Exigence: Exigence allows you to create an environment in which you make a claim and offer strong evidence to support your position.
• Support: Your premise should include reasons to support your claim.
• Reasoning: You have to use reasons to give answers to hypothetical challenges, which should act as a way to convince your audience that your claims are valid.
• Counterclaims and Rebuttals: You anticipate objections to your argument and must therefore recognize counterclaims and refute them with rebuttals.

If you’re struggling with incorporating these elements in your argument or you can’t get yourself to write the essay fast, hire an argumentative essay writer from Help for Assessment for writing assistance.

6 Elements of an Argumentative Essay Explained

Below is a detailed explanation of all the six elements of an argumentative essay:

1. Thesis Statement

A thesis in an argument highlights the main claim of a subject. It should be a sentence long, although some essays can have a maximum of two sentences.

In argumentative writing, a statement of declaration cannot be a fact or random opinion. Instead, it must be arguable in nature with a matter of probability. Moreover, the statement should bring out point clearly, even if the subject is on a complex or controversial issue.

The thesis statement should be clear, concise, and specific. Or your audience is likely to miss the primary objective of the essay.

Your argument’s thesis must touch on a major warrant before you begin working on the body paragraphs .

By touching on the main premise, you grab the attention of the opposing reader and demonstrate the reasonability of your argument. 

2. Audience

The audience is your reader or a group of people you need to convince that your position on an issue is more viable.

You must use a tentative approach with a strong conviction to get your human readers or listeners to agree with you. In some cases, though, you may have to present your argument in a passionate way.

Whichever approach you use, ensure you detail your arguments so that you audience can pay attention to the message you wish to communicate.

Your audience is a mix of readers from different backgrounds and varying opinions. A part of your audience will agree with your position on an issue, some will debate your argument. Therefore, you must use significant evidence in a manner that moves the audience to agree with you.

3. Exigence

Exigence is a rising circumstance that pushes for the need for a real argument. By creating a forum in time, exigence enables you to make claims to which you can provide sufficient evidence for support.

Although exigence is mostly only possible in real-time debates that happen in classrooms, your teacher may ask you to present it in the written form. In such a case, you may create your own exigence and use it throughout the writing.

Support is one of the elements of an argumentative essay that requires you to consider a few important questions.

• What is your premise?
• Is your evidence good enough to convince your readers or listeners of the reasonability of your side of the argument? 

Your premise must have a “because” statement to support your claim. If you intend to make longer arguments, ensure you introduce sufficient supporting statement.

To support your claim and get your audience to agree with your position on an underlying issue:

• Provide as much data or evidence as possible provided they’re relevant to the subject.
• If possible, don’t hesitate to include some or rhetorical appeals, statistics, anecdotal support, and historical data.

Regardless of the information you provide, the premise should give your audience enough reasons to consider your argument’s thesis statement. In other words, the evidence you provide must be valid and logical enough to prove the validity of your claim.

Consider including a concession in your argumentative essay even as you provide credible evidence and reliable data to support your stance on an issue.

If you think about it, your opponent’s argument will have some truth in it, so it makes sense to concede with these. However, exercise caution so that you don’t agree with points that serve to weaken your argument.

5. Reasoning

Reasoning responds to the “but why?” question in an argument. Written to serve as a response to a hypothetical challenge, reasoning proves to your target reader that your claim is valid.

To be clear, reason tries to support a claim whether it’s part of the introduction or the body of the essay.

In the terms of structure , your argumentative essay must have a single thesis statement. However, the essay may have sub-claims proved by different reasons as long as they tie back to the thesis statement.

6. Counterclaims and Rebuttals

In argumentative essay writing, you must anticipate probable objections and other arguments that challenge the position you hold. These objections are what we refer to as counterclaims .

With this respect, some readers might find the whole or parts of your argument illogical. Interestingly, these objections can help you to analyze your ideas, making it possible for you to review the strength and credibility of the evidence you provide.  

We hope this guide has helped you to understand the different elements of an argumentative essay as well as the reasons why they’re important in writing.

Ideally, these elements will enable you to structure your essay well, so you can present your arguments in a way that easily convinces your audience of the validity of your claims and position. 

About the author 

Antony W is a professional writer and coach at Help for Assessment. He spends countless hours every day researching and writing great content filled with expert advice on how to write engaging essays, research papers, and assignments.

8 Effective Strategies to Write Argumentative Essays

In a bustling university town, there lived a student named Alex. Popular for creativity and wit, one challenge seemed insurmountable for Alex– the dreaded argumentative essay!

One gloomy afternoon, as the rain tapped against the window pane, Alex sat at his cluttered desk, staring at a blank document on the computer screen. The assignment loomed large: a 350-600-word argumentative essay on a topic of their choice . With a sigh, he decided to seek help of mentor, Professor Mitchell, who was known for his passion for writing.

Entering Professor Mitchell’s office was like stepping into a treasure of knowledge. Bookshelves lined every wall, faint aroma of old manuscripts in the air and sticky notes over the wall. Alex took a deep breath and knocked on his door.

“Ah, Alex,” Professor Mitchell greeted with a warm smile. “What brings you here today?”

Alex confessed his struggles with the argumentative essay. After hearing his concerns, Professor Mitchell said, “Ah, the argumentative essay! Don’t worry, Let’s take a look at it together.” As he guided Alex to the corner shelf, Alex asked,

Table of Contents

“What is an Argumentative Essay?”

The professor replied, “An argumentative essay is a type of academic writing that presents a clear argument or a firm position on a contentious issue. Unlike other forms of essays, such as descriptive or narrative essays, these essays require you to take a stance, present evidence, and convince your audience of the validity of your viewpoint with supporting evidence. A well-crafted argumentative essay relies on concrete facts and supporting evidence rather than merely expressing the author’s personal opinions . Furthermore, these essays demand comprehensive research on the chosen topic and typically follows a structured format consisting of three primary sections: an introductory paragraph, three body paragraphs, and a concluding paragraph.”

He continued, “Argumentative essays are written in a wide range of subject areas, reflecting their applicability across disciplines. They are written in different subject areas like literature and philosophy, history, science and technology, political science, psychology, economics and so on.

Alex asked,

“When is an Argumentative Essay Written?”

The professor answered, “Argumentative essays are often assigned in academic settings, but they can also be written for various other purposes, such as editorials, opinion pieces, or blog posts. Some situations to write argumentative essays include:

1. Academic assignments

In school or college, teachers may assign argumentative essays as part of coursework. It help students to develop critical thinking and persuasive writing skills .

2. Debates and discussions

Argumentative essays can serve as the basis for debates or discussions in academic or competitive settings. Moreover, they provide a structured way to present and defend your viewpoint.

3. Opinion pieces

Newspapers, magazines, and online publications often feature opinion pieces that present an argument on a current issue or topic to influence public opinion.

4. Policy proposals

In government and policy-related fields, argumentative essays are used to propose and defend specific policy changes or solutions to societal problems.

5. Persuasive speeches

Before delivering a persuasive speech, it’s common to prepare an argumentative essay as a foundation for your presentation.

Regardless of the context, an argumentative essay should present a clear thesis statement , provide evidence and reasoning to support your position, address counterarguments, and conclude with a compelling summary of your main points. The goal is to persuade readers or listeners to accept your viewpoint or at least consider it seriously.”

Handing over a book, the professor continued, “Take a look on the elements or structure of an argumentative essay.”

Elements of an Argumentative Essay

An argumentative essay comprises five essential components:

Claim in argumentative writing is the central argument or viewpoint that the writer aims to establish and defend throughout the essay. A claim must assert your position on an issue and must be arguable. It can guide the entire argument.

2. Evidence

Evidence must consist of factual information, data, examples, or expert opinions that support the claim. Also, it lends credibility by strengthening the writer’s position.

3. Counterarguments

Presenting a counterclaim demonstrates fairness and awareness of alternative perspectives.

4. Rebuttal

After presenting the counterclaim, the writer refutes it by offering counterarguments or providing evidence that weakens the opposing viewpoint. It shows that the writer has considered multiple perspectives and is prepared to defend their position.

The format of an argumentative essay typically follows the structure to ensure clarity and effectiveness in presenting an argument.

How to Write An Argumentative Essay

Here’s a step-by-step guide on how to write an argumentative essay:

1. Introduction

• Begin with a compelling sentence or question to grab the reader’s attention.
• Provide context for the issue, including relevant facts, statistics, or historical background.
• Provide a concise thesis statement to present your position on the topic.

2. Body Paragraphs (usually three or more)

• Start each paragraph with a clear and focused topic sentence that relates to your thesis statement.
• Furthermore, provide evidence and explain the facts, statistics, examples, expert opinions, and quotations from credible sources that supports your thesis.
• Use transition sentences to smoothly move from one point to the next.

3. Counterargument and Rebuttal

• Acknowledge opposing viewpoints or potential objections to your argument.
• Also, address these counterarguments with evidence and explain why they do not weaken your position.

4. Conclusion

• Restate your thesis statement and summarize the key points you’ve made in the body of the essay.
• Leave the reader with a final thought, call to action, or broader implication related to the topic.

5. Citations and References

• Properly cite all the sources you use in your essay using a consistent citation style.
• Also, include a bibliography or works cited at the end of your essay.

6. Formatting and Style

• Follow any specific formatting guidelines provided by your instructor or institution.
• Use a professional and academic tone in your writing and edit your essay to avoid content, spelling and grammar mistakes .

Remember that the specific requirements for formatting an argumentative essay may vary depending on your instructor’s guidelines or the citation style you’re using (e.g., APA, MLA, Chicago). Always check the assignment instructions or style guide for any additional requirements or variations in formatting.

Did you understand what Prof. Mitchell explained Alex? Check it now!

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Prof. Mitchell continued, “An argumentative essay can adopt various approaches when dealing with opposing perspectives. It may offer a balanced presentation of both sides, providing equal weight to each, or it may advocate more strongly for one side while still acknowledging the existence of opposing views.” As Alex listened carefully to the Professor’s thoughts, his eyes fell on a page with examples of argumentative essay.

Example of an Argumentative Essay

Alex picked the book and read the example. It helped him to understand the concept. Furthermore, he could now connect better to the elements and steps of the essay which Prof. Mitchell had mentioned earlier. Aren’t you keen to know how an argumentative essay should be like? Here is an example of a well-crafted argumentative essay , which was read by Alex. After Alex finished reading the example, the professor turned the page and continued, “Check this page to know the importance of writing an argumentative essay in developing skills of an individual.”

Importance of an Argumentative Essay

After understanding the benefits, Alex was convinced by the ability of the argumentative essays in advocating one’s beliefs and favor the author’s position. Alex asked,

“How are argumentative essays different from the other types?”

Prof. Mitchell answered, “Argumentative essays differ from other types of essays primarily in their purpose, structure, and approach in presenting information. Unlike expository essays, argumentative essays persuade the reader to adopt a particular point of view or take a specific action on a controversial issue. Furthermore, they differ from descriptive essays by not focusing vividly on describing a topic. Also, they are less engaging through storytelling as compared to the narrative essays.

Alex said, “Given the direct and persuasive nature of argumentative essays, can you suggest some strategies to write an effective argumentative essay?

Turning the pages of the book, Prof. Mitchell replied, “Sure! You can check this infographic to get some tips for writing an argumentative essay.”

Effective Strategies to Write an Argumentative Essay

As days turned into weeks, Alex diligently worked on his essay. He researched, gathered evidence, and refined his thesis. It was a long and challenging journey, filled with countless drafts and revisions.

Finally, the day arrived when Alex submitted their essay. As he clicked the “Submit” button, a sense of accomplishment washed over him. He realized that the argumentative essay, while challenging, had improved his critical thinking and transformed him into a more confident writer. Furthermore, Alex received feedback from his professor, a mix of praise and constructive criticism. It was a humbling experience, a reminder that every journey has its obstacles and opportunities for growth.

Frequently Asked Questions

An argumentative essay can be written as follows- 1. Choose a Topic 2. Research and Collect Evidences 3. Develop a Clear Thesis Statement 4. Outline Your Essay- Introduction, Body Paragraphs and Conclusion 5. Revise and Edit 6. Format and Cite Sources 7. Final Review

One must choose a clear, concise and specific statement as a claim. It must be debatable and establish your position. Avoid using ambiguous or unclear while making a claim. To strengthen your claim, address potential counterarguments or opposing viewpoints. Additionally, use persuasive language and rhetoric to make your claim more compelling

Starting an argument essay effectively is crucial to engage your readers and establish the context for your argument. Here’s how you can start an argument essay are: 1. Begin With an Engaging Hook 2. Provide Background Information 3. Present Your Thesis Statement 4. Briefly Outline Your Main 5. Establish Your Credibility

The key features of an argumentative essay are: 1. Clear and Specific Thesis Statement 2. Credible Evidence 3. Counterarguments 4. Structured Body Paragraph 5. Logical Flow 6. Use of Persuasive Techniques 7. Formal Language

An argumentative essay typically consists of the following main parts or sections: 1. Introduction 2. Body Paragraphs 3. Counterargument and Rebuttal 4. Conclusion 5. References (if applicable)

The main purpose of an argumentative essay is to persuade the reader to accept or agree with a particular viewpoint or position on a controversial or debatable topic. In other words, the primary goal of an argumentative essay is to convince the audience that the author's argument or thesis statement is valid, logical, and well-supported by evidence and reasoning.

Great article! The topic is simplified well! Keep up the good work

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Argumentative Essay – Outline, Form, and Examples

What is an argumentative essay?

An argumentative essay requires the writer to investigate a specific topic by collecting and evaluating evidence to establish a position on the subject matter.

When preparing to compose a good argumentative essay, utilize the following steps:

Step 1: Select a topic.

Step 2: Identify a position.

Step 3: Locate appropriate resources.

Step 4: Identify evidence supporting the position. ( NOTE: If there is little evidence in support of the claim, consider re-examining the main argument.)

When gathering evidence, use credible sources . To determine the credibility of the source, consider authority, currency, accuracy, and objectivity:

Who is the author ? Are they an expert in the field? Has a reputable publisher published the work?

How current is the information in the source? Does the currency of the source matter? Does the age of the source impact the content? Is there newer information that disproves the source’s information?

Can other sources verify the accuracy of the information? Does the information contradict that found in other commonly accepted sources?

Is there any evidence of bias, or is the source objective ? Is the research sponsored by an organization that may skew the information?

The following are typically recognized as providing appropriate, credible research material:

Peer-reviewed journals/research papers

Government agencies

Professional organizations

Library databases

Reference books

Writers should avoid using the following sources:

Social media posts

Out-of-date materials

Step 5: Utilize the research to determine a thesis statement that identifies the topic, position, and support(s).

Step 6: Use the evidence to construct an outline, detailing the main supports and relevant evidence.

Argumentative essay outline

After gathering all of the necessary research, the next step in composing an argumentative essay focuses on organizing the information through the use of an outline:

Introduction

Attention Grabber/Hook

Background Information: Include any background information pertinent to the topic that the reader needs to know to understand the argument.

Thesis: State the position in connection to the main topic and identify the supports that will help prove the argument.

Topic sentence

Identify evidence in support of the claim in the topic sentence

Explain how the evidence supports the argument

Evidence 3 (Continue as needed)

Support 2 (Continue as needed)

Restate thesis

Review main supports

Concluding statement

Invite the audience to take a specific action.

Identify the overall importance of the topic and position.

How to write an argumentative essay

Regardless of the writer’s topic or point of view, an argumentative essay should include an introductory paragraph, body paragraphs, a conclusion, and works cited.

Background information

Body Paragraphs

Analysis of evidence

Rephrased thesis

Review of main ideas

Call to action

Works Cited

Argumentative essay introduction

The introduction sets the tone for the entire paper and introduces the argument. In general, the first paragraph(s) should attract the reader’s attention, provide relevant context, and conclude with a thesis statement.

To attract the reader's attention , start with an introductory device. There are several attention-grabbing techniques, the most common of which consist of the following:

The writer can emphasize the topic’s importance by explaining the current interest in the topic or indicating that the subject is influential.

Pertinent statistics give the paper an air of authority.

There are many reasons for a stimulating statement to surprise a reader. Sometimes it is joyful; sometimes it is shocking; sometimes it is surprising because of who said it.

An interesting incident or anecdote can act as a teaser to lure the reader into the remainder of the essay. Be sure that the device is appropriate for the subject and focus of what follows.

Provide the reader with relevant context and background information necessary to understand the topic.

Conclude with a thesis statement that identifies the overall purpose of the essay (topic and position). Writers can also include their support directly in the thesis, which outlines the structure of the essay for the reader.

Avoid the following when writing the introduction to argumentative writing:

Starting with dictionary definitions is too overdone and unappealing.

Do not make an announcement of the topic like “In this paper I will…” or “The purpose of this essay is to….”

Evidence supporting or developing the thesis should be in the body paragraphs, not the introduction.

Beginning the essay with general or absolute statements such as “throughout history...” or “as human beings we always...” or similar statements suggest the writer knows all of history or that all people behave or think in the same way.

Argumentative essay thesis

The thesis statement is the single, specific claim the writer sets out to prove and is typically positioned as the last sentence of the introduction . It is the controlling idea of the entire argument that identifies the topic, position, and reasoning.

When constructing a thesis for an argumentative paper, make sure it contains a side of the argument, not simply a topic. An argumentative thesis identifies the writer’s position on a given topic. If a position cannot be taken, then it is not argumentative thesis:

Topic: Capital punishment is practiced in many states.

Thesis: Capital punishment should be illegal.

While not always required, the thesis statement can include the supports the writer will use to prove the main claim. Therefore, a thesis statement can be structured as follows:

TOPIC + POSITION (+ SUPPORTS)

No Supports: College athletes (TOPIC) should be financially compensated (POSITION).

Supports: College athletes (TOPIC) should be financially compensated (POSITION) because they sacrifice their minds and bodies (SUPPORT 1), cannot hold

Argumentative essay body paragraphs

Body paragraphs can be of varying lengths, but they must present a coherent argument unified under a single topic. They are rarely ever longer than one page, double-spaced; usually they are much shorter.

Lengthy paragraphs indicate a lack of structure. Identify the main ideas of a lengthy paragraph to determine if they make more sense as separate topics in separate paragraphs.

Shorter paragraphs usually indicate a lack of substance; there is not enough evidence or analysis to prove the argument. Develop the ideas more or integrate the information into another paragraph.

The structure of an argumentative paragraph should include a topic sentence, evidence, and a transition.

The topic sentence is the thesis of the paragraph that identifies the arguable point in support of the main argument. The reader should know exactly what the writer is trying to prove within the paragraph by reading the first sentence.

The supporting evidence and analysis provide information to support the claim. There should be a balance between the evidence (facts, quotations, summary of events/plot, etc.) and analysis (interpretation of evidence). If the paragraph is evidence-heavy, there is not much of an argument; if it is analysis-heavy, there is not enough evidence in support of the claim.

The transition can be at the beginning or the end of a paragraph. However, it is much easier to combine the transition with the concluding observation to help the paragraphs flow into one another. Transitions in academic writing should tell the reader where you were, where you are going, and relate to the thesis.

Some essays may benefit from the inclusion of rebuttals to potential counterarguments of the writer’s position.

Argumentative essay conclusion

The conclusion should make readers glad they read the paper. It can suggest broader implications that will not only interest readers but also enrich their understanding in some way. There are three aspects to follow when constructing the conclusion: rephrase the thesis, synthesize information, and call the reader to action.

Rephrased the thesis in the first sentence of the conclusion. It must be in different words; do not simply write it verbatim.

Synthesize the argument by showing how the paper's main points support the argument.

Propose a course of action or a solution to an issue. This can redirect the reader's thought process to apply the ideas to their life or to see the broader implications of the topic.

Avoid the following when constructing the conclusion:

Beginning with an unnecessary, overused phrase such as "in conclusion," "in summary," or "in closing;" although these phrases can work in speeches, they come across as trite in writing

Introducing a new idea or subtopic in the conclusion

Making sentimental, emotional appeals that are out of character with the rest of the paper

Including evidence (quotations, statistics, etc.) that should be in the body of the paper

Argumentative essay examples

Examples of argumentative essays vary depending upon the type:

Academic essays differ based upon the topic and position. These essays follow a more traditional structure and are typically assigned in high school or college. Examples of academic argumentative essay topics include the following:

Advantages or disadvantages of social media

Animal testing

Art education

Benefit or detriment of homework

Capital punishment

Class warfare

Immigration

School uniforms

Universal healthcare

Violence in video games

Argumentative literary essays are typically more informal and do not follow the same structure as an academic essay. The following are popular examples of argumentative literary essays:

“Letter from Birmingham Jail” by Martin Luther King, Jr.

“Death of the Moth” by Virginia Woolf

“Shooting an Elephant” by George Orwell

“Thoughts for the Times on War and Death” by Sigmund Freud

“Does the Truth Matter? Science, Pseudoscience, and Civilization” by Carl Sagan

“Self-Reliance” by Ralph Waldo Emerson

Argumentative Essay: Definition, format, and uses

An argumentative essay is a type of essay that presents a clear and concise argument in support of a particular position or point of view. The goal of an argumentative essay is to persuade the reader to accept the writer’s point of view by presenting evidence, facts, and reasoning to support the argument.

An argumentative essay typically consists of an introduction, body paragraphs, and a conclusion. The introduction provides background information on the topic and presents the thesis statement, which is the main argument of the essay. The body paragraphs provide evidence and reasoning to support the thesis statement, and the conclusion summarizes the main points and reinforces the thesis statement.

To write a successful argumentative essay, the writer must have a clear understanding of the topic and be able to present a well-supported argument. The writer must also be able to anticipate and address counterarguments, and present a compelling and convincing case for their position.

Argumentative essays are commonly used in academic settings, political debates, and legal proceedings, and they require strong critical thinking and analytical skills. They are also commonly used in personal writing, such as in online forums or personal blogs, to express opinions and perspectives on a variety of topics and issues.

Purpose of an Argumentative Essay

An argumentative essay is a type of academic writing that requires the writer to present an argument or position on a particular topic or issue and support it with evidence and reasoning. The main purpose of an argumentative essay is to persuade the reader to adopt the writer’s point of view or take a particular action or decision.

To achieve this goal, the writer must carefully craft the essay, paying close attention to the structure and content. The essay should begin with an introduction that provides background information on the topic and presents the thesis statement, which is the writer’s main argument. The introduction should also capture the reader’s attention and set the tone for the rest of the essay.

The body of the essay should provide evidence and reasoning to support the thesis statement. This may involve citing research studies, statistics, expert opinions, or other credible sources. The writer must also anticipate and address potential counterarguments or objections, and demonstrate why their position is more valid or compelling.

The conclusion of the essay should summarize the main points, restate the thesis statement, and leave the reader with a clear and compelling call to action or decision. The writer should aim to leave a lasting impression on the reader, and motivate them to take action or adopt the writer’s point of view.

Overall, the purpose of an argumentative essay is to present a clear and well-supported argument on a particular topic, and persuade the reader to take a particular position or action. By carefully crafting the essay and providing strong evidence and reasoning, the writer can effectively communicate their ideas and influence others.

Uses of Essays

Argumentative essays are used in various settings, including academic, professional, and personal contexts. Some of the most common applications of argumentative essays include:

• Academic Writing: Argumentative essays are frequently used in academic settings to evaluate a student’s ability to analyze and argue a particular issue or topic. They are often assigned to subjects such as philosophy, political science, and law.
• Political Debates: Argumentative essays are often used in political contexts to present and defend a particular viewpoint on an issue. They can be used in debates, discussions, and in the media to advocate for a particular policy or perspective.
• Legal Briefs: Argumentative essays are used in the legal field to present arguments and evidence in support of a particular case or issue. They can be used in courtrooms, legal briefs, and other legal documents.
• Business and Marketing: Argumentative essays are often used in the business and marketing fields to make a case for a particular product or service. They can be used to persuade clients, stakeholders, and investors of the benefits of a particular product or service.
• Personal Writing: Argumentative essays can also be used in personal contexts, such as in online forums, to express opinions and perspectives on different topics and issues.

Format of an argumentative essay

The format of an argumentative essay typically consists of the following components:

Introduction: The introduction should provide background information on the topic and present the thesis statement, which is the main argument of the essay. It should grab the reader’s attention and provide context for the argument to follow.

Body Paragraphs: The body paragraphs should provide evidence and reasoning to support the thesis statement. Each body paragraph should focus on a specific point or aspect of the argument, and provide evidence and analysis to support it.

Counterargument: In the body of the essay, the writer should anticipate and address counterarguments, which are opposing points of view on the issue being discussed. This allows the writer to strengthen their argument by showing that they have considered alternative perspectives.

Rebuttal: After presenting a counterargument, the writer should then present a rebuttal, which refutes the counterargument and strengthens the writer’s argument.

Closing: The ending must discuss the core points and reiterate the thesis statement. It should not introduce new information or arguments but instead should provide a closing statement that ties together the argument and leaves the reader with a sense of closure.

In general, argumentative essays should be well-organized, with clear transitions between sections and paragraphs. Additionally, they must be presented in a structured, objective style with supporting evidence and figures. The essay’s readers must also be taken into account as the author adjusts their phrasing and reasoning.

What is an argumentative essay and how does it differ from other types of essays

An argumentative essay is a specific type of writing aimed at convincing the reader to accept a certain viewpoint or position on a debatable issue. It achieves this by presenting a clear thesis statement, supporting it with strong evidence and logical reasoning, and acknowledging and addressing opposing viewpoints. Here’s how it differs from other types of essays;

Compared to expository essays

• Goal:  Argumentative essays aim to persuade, while expository essays aim to inform and explain.
• Evidence:  Argumentative essays use evidence to support a specific claim, while expository essays present various perspectives and factual information without advocating for one.
• Structure:  Argumentative essays follow a logical structure with a clear thesis, supporting arguments, and counterarguments, while expository essays have a more flexible structure depending on the information presented.

Compared to persuasive essays

• Style:  Argumentative essays rely on logic and evidence, while persuasive essays can use emotional appeals and vivid language.
• Focus:  Argumentative essays focus on the strength of the argument and evidence, while persuasive essays can prioritize emotional impact and audience connection.
• Evidence:  Argumentative essays use factual evidence like statistics, studies, and expert opinions, while persuasive essays can also use anecdotal evidence and personal stories.

Compared to narrative essays

• Purpose:  Argumentative essays aim to convince, while narrative essays aim to entertain, inform, or evoke emotions.
• Structure:  Argumentative essays follow a logical structure, while narrative essays have a storytelling structure with a clear plot, characters, and setting.
• Language:  Argumentative essays use formal language and objective tone, while narrative essays can use figurative language and varied tones depending on the story.

Why is it important to have a clear thesis statement in an argumentative essay

A clear thesis statement in an argumentative essay is crucial for several key reasons;

1. Focus and Direction:  It acts as a roadmap for your essay, ensuring it stays focused on your main point and doesn’t meander off topic. Without a clear thesis, your essay might resemble a disorganized jumble of ideas, leaving the reader confused about your intentions.

2. Clarity for the Reader:  It immediately informs the reader about your stance on the issue and what you plan to argue. This transparency empowers the reader to follow your line of reasoning and engage with your argument effectively.

3. Evidence Selection:  It guides you in selecting relevant evidence to support your claim. If your thesis is unclear, you might end up including unnecessary or irrelevant details, weakening your argument’s overall impact.

4. Organization and Structure:  It helps you structure your essay logically. Each body paragraph should provide specific evidence and reasoning that directly contributes to proving your thesis statement.

5. Counterargument Consideration:  It prompts you to anticipate and address potential opposing viewpoints. Acknowledging and refuting counterarguments strengthens your argument and demonstrates its comprehensiveness.

6. Evaluation and Revision:  It serves as a benchmark for evaluating your essay’s effectiveness. If your arguments or evidence don’t directly tie back to your thesis, it’s a signal for revision and refocusing.

A clear thesis statement acts as the backbone of your argumentative essay. It provides direction, focus, and clarity for both you and the reader, ultimately leading to a well-structured and persuasive piece of writing.

What is the main goal of an argumentative essay

While persuasion is often cited as the main goal of an argumentative essay, a more nuanced understanding acknowledges  two intertwined aims :

1. Persuasion:  At its core, an argumentative essay aims to  convince the reader to accept a specific viewpoint  on a debatable issue. This involves presenting a clear thesis statement, marshaling strong evidence and logical reasoning, and addressing opposing viewpoints. Ultimately, you want the reader to either wholeheartedly agree with your position or at least seriously consider it as a valid perspective.

2. Informed Understanding:  This aspect goes beyond mere persuasion. It emphasizes the importance of presenting a  well-balanced and informative discussion  of the issue, even when advocating for a particular stance. This means acknowledging the complexity of the topic, presenting different perspectives (including counterarguments), and providing credible evidence to support your claims. Ideally, your essay should not only persuade but also  enlighten  the reader by offering a thoughtful and insightful analysis.

Balancing these goals:  Striking the right balance between persuasion and informed understanding is key. While advocating for your position, avoid resorting to manipulation or presenting a one-sided view. Acknowledge the nuances of the issue, engage with opposing viewpoints respectfully, and provide evidence that allows the reader to form their own informed opinion. Remember, a strong argumentative essay wins the reader over not just by force of persuasion, but also by demonstrating intellectual honesty and a commitment to fair representation of the issue at hand.

How can you define and establish your stance on a topic in an argumentative essay

Defining and establishing your stance on a topic in an argumentative essay involves a few key steps;

1. Choose a debatable topic:  Ensure the topic you choose has at least two valid opposing viewpoints. A clear-cut, non-debatable topic won’t provide room for argumentation.

2. Research and explore different perspectives:  Immerse yourself in the topic by reading articles, studies, and viewpoints from various sources. This helps you understand the complexity of the issue and potential counterarguments.

3. Reflect and analyze:  After exploring different perspectives, consider your values, beliefs, and experiences related to the topic. Ask yourself, “What resonates with me most? What position feels most aligned with my understanding?”

4. Formulate your tentative stance:  Based on your analysis, develop a preliminary idea about your position on the issue. This doesn’t need to be final, but it provides a starting point.

5. Evaluate strengths and weaknesses:  Consider the advantages and potential drawbacks of your stance. Can you support it with credible evidence? Anticipate possible counterarguments and how you might address them.

6. Refine and solidify your stance:  After this introspection and evaluation, you can refine your initial position into a clear and concise thesis statement. This statement should directly communicate your specific stance on the debatable issue.

Here are some additional tips

• Focus on a specific aspect of the topic:  Choosing a narrower theme within the broader topic allows for a more focused and impactful argument.
• Consider your audience:  Tailor your arguments and language to resonate with your target audience’s perspective and knowledge level.
• Be fair and balanced:  Even as you advocate for your position, acknowledge and address opposing viewpoints with respect and fairness.
• Don’t be afraid to change your mind:  As you continue researching and analyzing, your initial stance might evolve. Embrace this as an opportunity for intellectual growth and a more nuanced understanding.

What role do evidence and examples play in supporting the arguments in an essay

Evidence and examples play a crucial role in supporting the arguments in an argumentative essay;

1. Building Credibility and Persuasiveness:  They  add weight and authority  to your claims, making your argument more convincing to the reader. By relying on facts, statistics, research studies, expert opinions, and relevant examples, you demonstrate that your position is well-informed and grounded in reality.

2. Illustrating and Explaining Your Points:  Evidence and examples help you  make your arguments clear and understandable . They provide concrete details, data, and real-world scenarios that can help the reader grasp the implications and significance of your claims.

3. Addressing Counterarguments:  They allow you to  anticipate and address potential objections  to your position. By incorporating evidence that counters opposing viewpoints, you demonstrate that you’ve considered different perspectives and can effectively defend your stance.

4. Engaging the Reader:  Well-chosen examples can make your essay more  interesting and engaging  for the reader. They can help connect your arguments to relatable situations, making your points more impactful and memorable.

Here’s how to use evidence and examples effectively

• Variety is key:  Don’t rely solely on one type of evidence. Use a mix of facts, statistics, quotes, anecdotes, and case studies to keep your essay engaging and well-rounded.
• Relevance is crucial:  Ensure your evidence and examples directly connect to the specific points you’re making. Avoid including irrelevant information that distracts the reader.
• Credibility is essential:  Use reliable and credible sources for your evidence, such as scholarly articles, reputable websites, and expert opinions. Avoid using questionable or biased sources.
• Analysis is important:  Don’t just present evidence; explain how it supports your argument and address its limitations. Provide clear and concise analysis to help the reader understand the significance of your evidence.
• Balance is necessary:  While presenting evidence to support your claims, don’t ignore opposing viewpoints. Briefly acknowledge and address counterarguments using relevant evidence to strengthen your position.

What are the key components of the introduction in an argumentative essay

An effective introduction in an argumentative essay lays the foundation for your entire argument. It needs to captivate the reader’s attention, provide context, and establish your stance on the issue. Here are the key components;

1. Attention-grabbing Hook

• Start with a  punchy sentence, question, anecdote, or statistic  that piques the reader’s interest and draws them into the essay.
• Avoid clichés or overused statements. Aim for originality and relevance to your topic.

2. Background Information

• Briefly introduce the main topic of your essay and provide some  essential context  to help readers understand the issue at hand.
• Avoid overwhelming the reader with excessive details. Focus on information directly relevant to your argument.

3. Significance of the Issue

• Explain  why this topic matters  and why it’s important to discuss it.
• Highlight the potential impact of the issue on individuals, society, or the environment.

4. Thesis Statement

• This is the  central point of your essay .
• It clearly and concisely states your  position on the debatable issue .
• Ensure it’s specific, arguable, and directly relates to the topic and background information.

Bonus Tip: Preview your main points

• Briefly mention the  key arguments  you will use to support your thesis statement.
• This provides a roadmap for the reader and helps them anticipate your argument’s structure.
• Tailor the introduction to your specific topic and audience.
• Use a formal and objective tone.
• Maintain a smooth transition between each element.
• Keep it concise and engaging, aiming for around 10% of your essay’s length.

How do you effectively transition from the introduction to the body paragraphs in an argumentative essay

Effective transitions between the introduction and body paragraphs in an argumentative essay are crucial for guiding the reader and ensuring a smooth flow of ideas. Here are some ways to achieve this;

Referencing your thesis statement

• Directly mention your thesis:  Remind the reader of your main claim by using phrases like “As stated in my thesis,” “Building upon my main argument,” or “To further explore the point I made earlier.”
• Summarize your thesis:  Briefly paraphrase your thesis, highlighting the key points you will develop in the body paragraphs.
• Pose a question:  Formulate a question that relates to your thesis and introduces the specific argument you’ll explore in the first body paragraph.

Connecting to specific information

• Bridge with keywords:  Identify keywords or phrases from the introduction and use them to link to the topic of the first body paragraph.
• Highlight a specific point:  Pick up on a particular detail or issue raised in the introduction and elaborate on it in the first paragraph.
• Signal the direction:  Use transition words or phrases like “Firstly,” “Next,” or “Moreover” to indicate the start of your argument development.

Maintaining logical flow

• Chronological order:  If your arguments follow a chronological sequence, use transitions like “Firstly,” “Secondly,” or “Subsequently” to guide the reader through the timeline.
• Cause-and-effect chain:  If your arguments build upon each other logically, use transitions like “Therefore,” “Consequently,” or “As a result” to showcase the causal connections.
• Contrasting viewpoints:  If you’re acknowledging an opposing viewpoint before presenting your own, use transitions like “However,” “On the other hand,” or “In contrast” to highlight the shift in perspective.

Additional tips

• Avoid repetitive transitions:  While transitions are important, using the same few words repeatedly can become monotonous. Explore a variety of transition words and phrases to keep your writing engaging.
• Keep transitions concise:  Don’t let your transitions become long and convoluted sentences. Aim for clarity and brevity.
• Incorporate them smoothly:  Ensure your transitions flow naturally within the sentence structure and don’t feel like abrupt interruptions.

What should be included in the body paragraphs of an argumentative essay

Each body paragraph in your argumentative essay serves the crucial purpose of  developing and supporting your thesis statement . Here’s what each paragraph should typically include;

1. Topic Sentence

• This sentence functions as a mini-thesis for the specific argument you’ll present in the paragraph.
• It should directly connect back to your main thesis statement and clearly state the specific point you’ll be making.

2. Evidence

• Provide strong and relevant evidence to support the point made in your topic sentence.
• This can include facts, statistics, research findings, expert opinions, real-world examples, or relevant anecdotes.
• Ensure the evidence is credible and comes from reliable sources.

3. Explanation and Analysis

• Don’t just present evidence; explain  how it connects to your main point .
• Analyze the significance of the evidence and show how it supports your argument.
• Address any potential limitations of the evidence and explain how it still strengthens your overall claim.

4. Counterargument

• Consider acknowledging and briefly addressing an opposing viewpoint to your argument.
• This demonstrates your awareness of different perspectives and strengthens your argument by showing you’ve anticipated objections.
• Use evidence or logical reasoning to refute the counterargument and reaffirm your stance.

5. Transition:  Conclude the paragraph with a transition sentence that connects it to the next point or argument, ensuring a smooth flow of ideas.

Additional Tips

• Structure:  Aim for 3-5 body paragraphs, depending on the complexity of your argument and essay length.
• Variety:  Use different types of evidence in different paragraphs to avoid monotony.
• Focus:  Each paragraph should address a single main point related to your thesis.
• Clarity:  Maintain a clear and concise writing style, avoiding excessive jargon or overly complex sentences.
• Flow:  Use transition words and phrases to connect paragraphs and guide the reader through your argument.

Why is it crucial to address counterarguments in an argumentative essay, and how can it be done effectively

Addressing counterarguments in an argumentative essay is crucial for several reasons;

1. Demonstrates intellectual honesty and fairness:  It shows that you understand the complexity of the issue and have considered alternate perspectives. This builds trust with the reader and strengthens your credibility.

2. Anticipates objections and strengthens your argument:  By acknowledging and addressing potential counterarguments, you can preemptively refute them and reinforce your stance. This makes your argument more resilient and well-rounded.

3. Creates a more compelling and engaging essay:  Presenting different viewpoints makes your essay more thought-provoking and encourages critical thinking in the reader. This can lead to a more meaningful and impactful reading experience. 

Here are some ways to effectively address counterarguments in your essay;

1. Acknowledge the opposing viewpoint fairly and accurately:  Don’t misrepresent or strawman the counterargument. Present it honestly and respectfully, showing that you understand its validity.

2. Briefly explain the reasoning behind the counterargument:  This helps the reader understand the opposing perspective and why some people might hold it.

3. Present evidence and logical reasoning to refute the counterargument:  Explain why the counterargument is flawed or less convincing than your own position. Use facts, statistics, research, or expert opinions to support your refutation.

4. Maintain a respectful and objective tone:  Avoid personal attacks or inflammatory language. Focus on presenting evidence and reasoning clearly and professionally.

5. Address the limitations of your own argument:  Acknowledge that no argument is perfect and there might be some validity to the counterargument. This shows intellectual humility and strengthens your overall credibility.

Here are some additional tips;

• Don’t dedicate too much space to refuting counterarguments. Focus on presenting your own strong argument and evidence.
• You can address multiple counterarguments throughout your essay or dedicate a specific paragraph to it.
• Use transition words and phrases like “However,” “On the other hand,” or “While it’s true that…” to introduce counterarguments and smoothly transition back to your main argument.

What elements make up a strong and convincing conclusion for an argumentative essay

A strong and convincing conclusion in an argumentative essay serves several important purposes;

• Summarize Key Points:  Briefly remind the reader of the main arguments and evidence presented throughout your essay. This helps consolidate their understanding and reinforce your key messages.
• Restate Your Thesis:  Briefly restate your thesis statement in a new way, emphasizing its significance and impact. This provides a sense of closure and reminds the reader of your central claim.
• Expands on the Significance:  Go beyond summarizing and explore the broader implications of your argument. Discuss the potential consequences or future applications of your position, leaving a lasting impression on the reader.
• Call to Action:  Depending on your argument and purpose, you may conclude with a call to action. Encourage the reader to take a specific step, consider the issue further, or engage in further research.
• Memorable Ending:  Aim for a final sentence that is impactful, thought-provoking, or leaves a lasting impression on the reader. This could be a powerful quote, a rhetorical question, or a concise summary of your argument’s significance.

Here are some additional tips for crafting a strong and convincing conclusion;

• Maintain a Formal Tone:  Avoid informal language or sudden shifts in style.
• Focus on Clarity and Conciseness:  Avoid rambling or introducing new information.
• Flow Smoothly:  Use transitions to connect your conclusion to the body paragraphs.
• Proofread:  Make sure there are no mistakes or grammar issues in your conclusion.

Here are some examples of strong concluding statements

• “In conclusion, the overwhelming evidence demonstrates that… This necessitates immediate action on behalf of… to ensure a brighter future for all."  (Summary, restatement, call to action)
• “While the complexities of this issue cannot be fully resolved in this essay, it is crucial to remember that… By considering these broader implications, we can move forward with a more informed and nuanced understanding."  (Summary, significance, call to further thought)
• “The fate of… ultimately rests on our collective willingness to… May we choose wisely, for the sake of ourselves and generations to come."  (Significance, call to action, memorable ending)

A strong conclusion is not just about summarizing your points; it’s about leaving a lasting impression on the reader and encouraging them to consider your argument seriously.

Can you provide a basic outline structure for an argumentative essay

Here’s a basic outline structure for an argumentative essay;

I. Introduction

• Attention-grabbing Hook:  A captivating sentence, question, or anecdote to engage the reader.
• Background Information:  Briefly introduce the topic and provide context.
• Significance of the Issue:  Explain why the topic matters and why discussing it is important.
• Thesis Statement:  Clearly state your position on the debatable issue.
• Optional: Preview Main Points:  Briefly mention the key arguments you will use to support your thesis.

II. Body Paragraphs

• Topic Sentence:  Introduces the specific argument of the paragraph and connects back to the thesis.
• Evidence:  Facts, statistics, research findings, expert opinions, examples, or anecdotes to support your point.
• Explanation and Analysis:  Explain how the evidence supports your argument and address any limitations.
• Optional: Counterargument:  Briefly acknowledge and refute an opposing viewpoint, if applicable.
• Transition:  Connects the paragraph to the next point or argument.

III. Conclusion

• Summary of Key Points:  Briefly remind the reader of your main arguments and evidence.
• Restatement of Thesis:  Briefly restate your thesis in a new way, emphasizing its significance.
• Expansion on Significance:  Explore the broader implications of your argument.
• Optional: Call to Action:  Encourage the reader to take a specific step or consider the issue further.
• Memorable Ending:  An impactful sentence, rhetorical question, or concise summary of your argument’s significance.
• Adapt this structure based on the complexity of your topic and essay length.
• Aim for 3-5 body paragraphs, depending on your argument.
• Use different types of evidence to avoid monotony.
• Maintain a clear and concise writing style.
• For an effortless change between ideas, use transitional words and phrases.

How do you choose and organize your supporting points within the body paragraphs of an argumentative essay

Choosing and organizing your supporting points within the body paragraphs of an argumentative essay is crucial for building a strong and persuasive argument. Here are a few tips to assist you in doing this successfully;

Choosing Supporting Points

• Relevance:  Your supporting points should directly connect to your topic sentence and ultimately back up your thesis statement. Don’t include information that is interesting but irrelevant to your argument.
• Strength:  Choose points that are credible, convincing, and difficult to refute. This includes using reliable sources like research studies, expert opinions, and factual data.
• Variety:  Don’t solely rely on one type of evidence. Diversify your points by using a mix of statistics, examples, quotes, and personal anecdotes (if appropriate) to keep your argument engaging.
• Depth:  While you may have many supporting points, prioritize the most impactful ones that have the strongest backing. Avoid overwhelming the reader with too much information.

Organizing Supporting Points

• Logical Order:  Consider the most logical flow for your points. Organize them chronologically, by cause and effect, or by importance (strongest to weakest or vice versa).
• Grouping Similar Points:  You can group related points under subheadings or mini-arguments within the paragraph for better organization and clarity.
• Transitions:  Use transition words and phrases to guide the reader through your points and show the connections between them.
• Balance:  Ensure each body paragraph focuses on a single main point supported by several strong arguments. Avoid creating “laundry lists” of evidence without clear analysis and explanation.
• Visualize your argument:  Create a mind map or outline to visualize how your points connect and flow before writing.
• Consider your audience:  Tailor the type and complexity of your supporting points to suit your target audience’s knowledge and expectations.
• Read your essay aloud:  Listen for logical flow and gaps in your argument. Reorganize points if needed for clarity and persuasiveness.

What is the significance of a counterargument section in the essay outline

A counterargument section in an essay outline, while not always mandatory, carries significant value for your argument and essay overall. Here’s why it’s important;

Strengthens Your Argument

• Demonstrates intellectual depth:  Acknowledging and addressing opposing viewpoints reveals you’ve considered different perspectives, making your argument more nuanced and well-rounded.
• Anticipates objections:  By preemptively addressing counterarguments, you can refute them and solidify your own stance, making your argument more resilient.
• Shows fairness and credibility:  A balanced exploration of different sides builds trust with your reader and showcases your commitment to presenting a fair and informed discussion.

Enhances the Essay

• Creates complexity and engagement:  Exploring alternate viewpoints makes your essay more thought-provoking and encourages critical thinking in the reader.
• Avoids being one-sided:  A solely one-sided argument can appear biased and less persuasive. Including counterarguments adds depth and balance.
• Provides an opportunity for deeper analysis:  Addressing counterarguments often leads to explaining your position in more detail and exploring its nuances, enriching your overall essay.

How to use the counterargument section

• Don’t dedicate excessive space:  Focus on presenting your own strong argument and evidence first.
• Choose relevant counterarguments:  Address the most common or compelling opposing viewpoints.
• Present them accurately and fairly:  Avoid misrepresenting or exaggerating the counterargument.
• Refute them concisely and logically:  Use evidence and reasoning to demonstrate their limitations or flaws.
• Acknowledge your limitations:  It’s okay to admit that no argument is perfect and some validity might exist in the counterargument.
• The counterargument section is optional, but highly recommended for persuasive and well-developed essays.
• Adapt its use to your specific topic, audience, and argument’s complexity.
• Utilize it effectively to elevate your essay’s depth, credibility, and engagement.

How can you ensure logical flow and coherence between different sections of the essay outline

Ensuring logical flow and coherence between different sections of your essay outline is crucial for building a strong and persuasive argument. Here are some strategies you can use;

1. Start with a clear thesis statement

• Your thesis statement acts as the roadmap for your entire essay. Make sure it’s specific, arguable, and clearly states your position on the issue.
• Every part of your outline, from the introduction to the body paragraphs to the conclusion, should flow logically from and support your thesis statement.

2. Use transitions effectively

• Transition words and phrases help you connect your ideas smoothly and guide the reader through your argument. Use a variety of transitions to avoid sounding repetitive.
• Examples of transitions include: “furthermore,” “however,” “on the other hand,” “consequently,” and “in conclusion.”

3. Organize your body paragraphs strategically

• Each body paragraph should focus on a single main point that directly supports your thesis statement.
• Arrange your body paragraphs in a logical order that makes sense to your argument. This could be chronological, cause-and-effect, or based on importance (strongest to weakest or vice versa).
• Make sure each paragraph has a clear topic sentence that introduces the main point and transitions smoothly from the previous paragraph.

4. Consider using subheadings

• Subheadings within your body paragraphs can help break down your argument and make it easier for the reader to follow.
• Use them to highlight key points or transitions within a paragraph.

5. Check for consistency

• Make sure your use of language, tone, and style is consistent throughout your essay. This includes maintaining a formal and objective tone throughout the argumentative sections.
• Ensure your evidence and data are consistent and credible throughout the essay.

6. Proofread and revise

• Once you have a complete outline, take the time to proofread and revise it carefully.
• Pay attention to logical flow, transitions, and coherence between sections.
• Ask a friend or classmate to review your outline and provide feedback on its clarity and flow.
• Use mind maps or visual tools to help you visualize the connections between different sections of your outline.
• Read your outline aloud to see if it flows smoothly and makes sense.
• Don’t be afraid to revise your outline as you write and develop your ideas further.

In what ways can you strengthen the connection between the thesis statement and the conclusion in the outline

Here are some ways you can strengthen the connection between the thesis statement and the conclusion in your essay outline;

Reflective Connections

• Echo key terms:  Use some of the key terms or phrases from your thesis statement in your conclusion, rephrased or with added emphasis, to remind the reader of your central argument.
• Reinforce the main point:  Briefly restate your thesis statement in your conclusion, but don’t simply copy and paste it. Instead, rephrase it in a new way that emphasizes its significance or broader implications.
• Summarize key arguments:  Briefly remind the reader of the main points and evidence you used to support your thesis throughout the essay. This ensures they leave with a clear understanding of your argument’s structure.

Impactful Endings

• Expand on the significance:  Don’t just summarize; explore the broader implications of your argument. Discuss the potential consequences or future applications of your position, leaving a lasting impression on the reader.
• End with a call to action (optional):  Depending on your argument and purpose, you can conclude with a call to action. Encourage the reader to take a specific step, consider the issue further, or engage in further research. This ties your argument to real-world action.
• Leave a memorable ending:  Aim for a final sentence that is impactful, thought-provoking, or leaves a lasting impression on the reader. This could be a powerful quote, a rhetorical question, or a concise summary of your argument’s significance.

Structural Consistency

• Mirror the introduction:  If your introduction starts with a specific question, anecdote, or statistic, consider using a similar approach in your conclusion to create a sense of closure and thematic unity.
• Maintain the tone:  Ensure your conclusion maintains the formal and objective tone established in your argumentative sections.
• Outline your conclusion early:  Don’t wait until the end of your writing process to think about your conclusion. Having a clear idea of how you want to end your essay can help you tailor your body paragraphs and arguments to effectively support your thesis and lead to a satisfying conclusion.
• Read your outline aloud:  Pay attention to how the introduction, body paragraphs, and conclusion flow together. This can help you identify areas where you need to strengthen the connections.
• Get feedback:  Ask a friend, classmate, or professor to review your outline and provide feedback on the clarity and strength of the connection between your thesis statement and conclusion.

What strategies can be employed to grab the reader’s attention in the introduction of an argumentative essay

Hooking your reader right from the introduction is crucial for keeping them engaged and invested in your argument. Here are some strategies you can employ;

Start with a powerful statement

• Provocative question:  Pose a thought-provoking question that challenges the reader’s assumptions or beliefs and directly relates to your thesis.
• Startling statistic:  Use a surprising or significant statistic that captures the reader’s attention and emphasizes the importance of your topic.
• Bold statement:  Make a strong and confident statement that introduces your topic and immediately positions you on the issue.

Use captivating storytelling

• Anecdote:  Share a personal story or relevant anecdote that illustrates the impact or significance of your argument in a relatable way.
• Historical example:  Begin with a historical event or figure that connects to your topic and sets the stage for your argument.
• Hypothetical scenario:  Paint a vivid picture of a possible future or consequence related to your topic to grab the reader’s imagination.

Appeal to different interests

• Humor:  Use a witty statement or relevant joke to lighten the mood and connect with the reader on a personal level, but ensure it doesn’t detract from your argument.
• Emotional appeal:  Tap into the reader’s emotions by highlighting the positive or negative consequences of your argument’s outcome.
• Curiosity:  Use statements that pique the reader’s curiosity and make them want to learn more about your argument and its supporting evidence.
• Relevance is key:  Ensure your hook directly relates to your thesis statement and sets the stage for the argument you’ll present.
• Avoid clichés:  Steer clear of overused or predictable opening lines. Aim for originality and uniqueness that stands out.
• Maintain a formal tone:  While engaging, your introduction should remain formal and objective, setting the tone for the argumentative sections.
• Keep it concise:  Your hook shouldn’t be longwinded. Aim for a punchy introduction that grabs attention quickly.

How can one avoid logical fallacies and ensure the soundness of arguments in the essay

Avoiding logical fallacies and ensuring the soundness of your arguments in an essay require a proactive approach. Here are some strategies you can use;

Identifying Logical Fallacies

• Familiarize yourself with common fallacies:  Learn about different types of logical fallacies, such as ad hominem attacks, hasty generalizations, and false dilemmas. Understanding their structure and common forms will help you identify them in your own writing and avoid them.
• Question your assumptions:  Be critical of your own reasoning and examine the underlying assumptions behind your arguments. Are they valid and supported by evidence?
• Consider opposing viewpoints:  Try to see your topic from different perspectives and anticipate potential counterarguments. This can help you identify areas where your own reasoning might be flawed.
• Use tools and resources:  Online resources and logic textbooks can provide examples of fallacies and tips for identifying them.

Ensuring Sound Arguments

• Base your arguments on evidence:  Don’t rely solely on opinions or personal beliefs. Use credible sources like peer-reviewed research, expert opinions, and factual data to support your claims.
• Evaluate your evidence critically:  Not all sources are created equal. Analyze the credibility of your sources, considering their expertise, bias, and potential limitations.
• Use clear and concise language:  Avoid ambiguity and vagueness in your writing. Explain your reasoning clearly and logically, making it easy for the reader to follow your argument.
• Be open to revision:  Be willing to revise your arguments as you learn more or encounter new information. Don’t be afraid to acknowledge limitations or refine your claims based on stronger evidence.
• Use logic frameworks:  Consider using frameworks like Toulmin’s Argument Model to structure your arguments and identify potential weaknesses.
• Get feedback:  Ask a friend, classmate, or professor to review your essay and provide feedback on the soundness of your arguments and evidence.
• Practice critical thinking:  Develop your critical thinking skills by regularly analyzing arguments you encounter in everyday life and media.

What role does research play in strengthening the arguments presented in an argumentative essay

Research plays a  crucial role  in strengthening the arguments presented in an argumentative essay, acting as the foundation for your claims and enhancing their credibility and persuasiveness. Here’s how;

1. Evidence and Backing

• Provides support:  Research allows you to gather evidence, such as facts, statistics, research findings, expert opinions, and real-world examples, to support your claims and strengthen your argument.
• Increases credibility:  By citing credible sources and presenting well-rounded evidence, you establish yourself as an informed and knowledgeable writer, making your argument more believable and impactful.
• Addresses counterarguments:  Research helps you anticipate and address potential counterarguments with relevant evidence and reasoning, demonstrating your awareness of different perspectives and solidifying your own stance.

2. Depth and Nuance

• Informs your position:  Research exposes you to various viewpoints and data, allowing you to refine and develop your own position on the topic with a deeper understanding of its complexities.
• Explores different perspectives:  By incorporating findings from diverse sources, you can present a more balanced and nuanced argument that acknowledges different sides of the issue, showcasing intellectual honesty and depth.
• Avoids bias:  Careful research helps you identify and avoid biases in your own thinking and ensure your argument is based on objective evidence and sound reasoning.

3. Persuasiveness and Impact

• Appeals to logic and reason:  Using well-researched and credible evidence allows you to build a strong logical case for your argument, appealing to the reader’s sense of reason and critical thinking.
• Connects to the real world:  Integrating real-world examples and data from your research helps the reader see the practical implications of your argument and its potential impact, making it more engaging and relevant.
• Establishes authority:  Demonstrating your thorough research and use of credible sources establishes you as an authority on the topic, enhancing your persuasive power and gaining the reader’s trust.

Key Takeaways

• Quality over quantity:  Focus on using  relevant and credible  research sources, even if it’s a few strong ones, rather than many questionable ones.
• Analyze and explain:  Don’t just present evidence; explain how it connects to your argument, address its limitations, and ensure it strengthens your overall point.
• Maintain proper citation:  Use a consistent and appropriate citation style to acknowledge your sources and avoid plagiarism.

How can a writer make their writing style more persuasive in an argumentative essay

Here are some strategies you can use to make your writing style more persuasive in an argumentative essay;

Clarity and Conciseness

• Use clear and concise language:  Avoid overly complex sentences, jargon, and ambiguity. Strive for clarity and ensure the reader can easily understand your points.
• Focus on the essentials:  Don’t get bogged down in unnecessary details or tangents. Stay focused on the main points that support your thesis statement.
• Vary sentence structure:  Avoid monotonous sentence patterns. Use a mix of short and long sentences to keep the reader engaged.

Emphasis and Tone

• Use strong verbs and active voice:  Strong verbs convey the force and importance of your arguments. Your essay is more compelling and straightforward when it uses active voice.
• Emphasize key points:  Use italics, bolding, or repetition to highlight important points you want the reader to remember.
• Maintain a formal and objective tone:  Avoid personal attacks, inflammatory language, or excessive humor. Aim for a respectful and professional tone that conveys your seriousness and credibility.

Evidence and Reasoning

• Use strong and credible evidence:  Support your claims with facts, statistics, research findings, expert opinions, and real-world examples from reliable sources.
• Explain your reasoning:  Don’t just present evidence; explain how it connects to your argument and address any potential limitations.
• Anticipate and address counterarguments:  Briefly acknowledge and refute opposing viewpoints, demonstrating your awareness of different perspectives and strengthening your own argument.

Engagement and Connection

• Use language that resonates with your audience:  Tailor your vocabulary and style to suit the knowledge level and expectations of your target audience.
• Use emotional appeals strategically:  While maintaining objectivity, evoke emotions like compassion, concern, or hope to connect with your reader on a deeper level.
• Ask rhetorical questions:  Pose thought-provoking questions to prompt reflection and engage the reader actively in considering your argument.
• Read your essay aloud:  This helps identify awkward phrasing, unclear sentences, and areas where your writing lacks persuasiveness.
• Get feedback:  Ask a friend, classmate, or professor to review your essay and provide feedback on your writing style and persuasiveness.
• Read persuasive writing examples:  Analyze persuasive essays or speeches to identify techniques you can incorporate into your own writing.

Remember, a persuasive writing style is not about manipulating your reader, but about presenting your arguments in a clear, well-reasoned, and engaging way that encourages them to consider your perspective seriously.

What are some common pitfalls to avoid while writing an argumentative essay, and how can they be mitigated

Writing a compelling and persuasive argumentative essay involves navigating various pitfalls. Here are some common ones to avoid and strategies to mitigate them;

Pitfall 1: Weak Thesis Statement

• Problem:  A vague or unfocused thesis statement leaves the reader unclear about your central argument.
• Solution:  Craft a clear, concise, and debatable thesis statement that explicitly states your position on the topic. Ensure it reflects the specific issue you’re addressing and the angle you’ll take.

Pitfall 2: Lack of Evidence

• Problem:  Relying solely on opinions or personal anecdotes weakens your argument’s credibility.
• Solution:  Gather strong and relevant evidence like facts, statistics, research findings, expert opinions, and credible real-world examples to support your claims. Analyze and explain how each piece of evidence supports your argument.

Pitfall 3: Logical Fallacies

• Problem:  Using flawed reasoning patterns like ad hominem attacks, hasty generalizations, or false dilemmas undermines your logic and weakens your position.
• Solution:  Familiarize yourself with common fallacies and critically evaluate your own reasoning. Ensure your arguments are based on sound logic and supported by credible evidence.

Pitfall 4: Bias and Unfairness

• Problem:  Presenting only one side of the issue or using biased language creates a one-sided and unconvincing argument.
• Solution:  Acknowledge and briefly address opposing viewpoints respectfully and fairly. This demonstrates open-mindedness and strengthens your understanding of the complexities of the issue.

Pitfall 5: Emotional Appeals over Reason

• Problem:  Overly relying on emotional manipulation diverts attention from the strength of your argument and can appear disingenuous.
• Solution:  While evoking emotions like compassion or concern can be impactful, ensure your claims are primarily supported by sound logic and credible evidence.

Pitfall 6: Unclear or Unengaging Writing

• Problem:  Poor grammar, unclear language, and monotonous writing style can bore the reader and hinder their understanding of your argument.
• Solution:  Proofread carefully for grammar and clarity. Use active voice, strong verbs, and varied sentence structures to engage the reader and keep them interested.

Pitfall 7: Inadequate Research

• Problem:  Incomplete or insufficient research can lead to inaccurate information, weak arguments, and lack of authority.
• Solution:  Conduct thorough research using credible sources like peer-reviewed journals, expert opinions, and official data. Integrate research findings seamlessly and ethically, citing sources appropriately.

Pitfall 8: Ignoring Counterarguments

• Problem:  Failing to acknowledge opposing viewpoints makes your argument seem one-sided and vulnerable to attack.
• Solution:  Briefly mention and address potential counterarguments in a fair and balanced manner. Showcasing awareness of different perspectives strengthens your own argument.

Pitfall 9: Misinterpreting Evidence

• Problem:  Using evidence selectively or out of context undermines your argument’s credibility and can be misleading.
• Solution:  Ensure you accurately represent and interpret evidence, acknowledging its limitations and potential biases. Analyze how each piece of evidence specifically supports your claim.
• Avoid these pitfalls by actively engaging in critical thinking, thorough research, and clear writing.
• Seek feedback from others to identify areas for improvement.
• Tailor your approach to your specific topic and audience.

In conclusion, argumentative essays are versatile tools that can be used in several settings to present and defend a particular point of view. Whether it is utilized in academic writing, political debates, legal briefs, business proposals, or personal expressions, the ability to write clear and well-supported argumentative essays is an essential skill for anyone looking to communicate their ideas and perspectives effectively.

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Teaching Basic Argument Writing Components

Over the past two years since Keys to Literacy published my Keys to Argument Writing professional development module and the associated training book Keys to Content Writing   I am often asked by teachers advice for how to teach argument writing (and opinion for elementary grades). The place to start is to introduce students to the structure of argument/opinion writing.

The first standard of the Common Core Writing Standards is devoted to argument writing. Here is the anchor standard from which Standard #1 for grades K through 12 are based:

WS #1: Write opinions/arguments to support claims in an analysis of substantive topics or texts using valid reasoning and relevant and sufficient evidence.

Sometimes argument writing seems very similar to informational writing (Common Core Writing Standard #2). They both incorporate information, and they have similar basic text structures: They must begin with an introduction that states the topic and end with a conclusion. However, their aims are different and the body of an argument organizes  information in a different way.

The purpose of informational writing is to examine and explain previously learned information or new information, and this information is typically organized into paragraphs of main ideas that are “chunked” into topics and sub-topics. That is, the information is presented in categories/sections. The purpose of argument writing is to convince a reader that a point of view is valid or to persuade the reader to take a specific action. Information is used, but it is organized based on these major components of an argument: claim, reason, evidence, counter-claim, and rebuttal.

Here are simple descriptions of these components to share with your students:

• Claim: the position taken by the writer; what the writer is trying to prove or argue
• Reason: provided to support a claim; reasons are supported by evidence
• Evidence: use to support or prove a reason; statistics, facts, quotations, surveys, etc.
• Counterclaim: opposing position, counterargument
• Rebuttal: refutes or disproves the counterclaim; addresses the criticism of the claim

And here’s an even simpler set of questions students can ask themselves to help remember each component:

• Claim: What do I think?
• Reason: Why do I think it?
• Evidence: How do I know (proof)?
• Counterclaim: What is the other side?
• Rebuttal: My response to the other side?

The claim is typically stated in the introduction, and restated again in the conclusion. The information in the body paragraphs is organized as a series of reasons supported by evidence. For arguments that include a counter-claim and rebuttal (a requirement for students in grade seven and beyond), there will be additional paragraphs that represent the counter-claim and rebuttal.

Keys to Literacy has posted a nine-minute video recorded during a teacher training in which I explain the major components of an argument and offer suggestions for teaching them to students. The video, along with several other training video clips is available to the public for free at the Free Resources section of the Keys to Literacy website.

At the same resource site you will find a teacher’s checklist and rubric  for giving feedback to students about their argument writing that include items related to the text structure of an argument writing piece.

• Joan Sedita

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11 Comments

I have found your lectures and instructions very helpful. Do you have any guidelines on Exposition?

Visit our free videos and webinars where you will find several items related to writing.

What components are there into the claim and evidence rubric?

Some of the things to look for in student argument writing are: Is the claim (position taken) supported with logical reasons and relevant evidence? Are the reasons and evidence presented in an organized way? Is the evidence from sources integrated effectively? Is the rebuttal supported with logical reasons and evidence? Are transitions used to link and to create cohesion among claim, reasons and evidence? Is there a formal style and an objective tone established and maintained throughout the piece?

That was a super helpful resource! I used it to write a paragraph essay on “Elements of Argument”.

Thank you for explaining an argumentive essay. and supportive of me getting started on this essay.

Thanks for the tips..really helpful in writing my assignment in Academic English.

May you send me an example of an argumentative essay and other essay and their example please.

This site has examples of argument essays: https://www.collegeessay.org/blog/argumentative-essay-examples

Thank you for better clarity and better simplicity

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Sat / act prep online guides and tips, 3 strong argumentative essay examples, analyzed.

General Education

Need to defend your opinion on an issue? Argumentative essays are one of the most popular types of essays you’ll write in school. They combine persuasive arguments with fact-based research, and, when done well, can be powerful tools for making someone agree with your point of view. If you’re struggling to write an argumentative essay or just want to learn more about them, seeing examples can be a big help.

After giving an overview of this type of essay, we provide three argumentative essay examples. After each essay, we explain in-depth how the essay was structured, what worked, and where the essay could be improved. We end with tips for making your own argumentative essay as strong as possible.

What Is an Argumentative Essay?

An argumentative essay is an essay that uses evidence and facts to support the claim it’s making. Its purpose is to persuade the reader to agree with the argument being made.

A good argumentative essay will use facts and evidence to support the argument, rather than just the author’s thoughts and opinions. For example, say you wanted to write an argumentative essay stating that Charleston, SC is a great destination for families. You couldn’t just say that it’s a great place because you took your family there and enjoyed it. For it to be an argumentative essay, you need to have facts and data to support your argument, such as the number of child-friendly attractions in Charleston, special deals you can get with kids, and surveys of people who visited Charleston as a family and enjoyed it. The first argument is based entirely on feelings, whereas the second is based on evidence that can be proven.

The standard five paragraph format is common, but not required, for argumentative essays. These essays typically follow one of two formats: the Toulmin model or the Rogerian model.

• The Toulmin model is the most common. It begins with an introduction, follows with a thesis/claim, and gives data and evidence to support that claim. This style of essay also includes rebuttals of counterarguments.
• The Rogerian model analyzes two sides of an argument and reaches a conclusion after weighing the strengths and weaknesses of each.

3 Good Argumentative Essay Examples + Analysis

Below are three examples of argumentative essays, written by yours truly in my school days, as well as analysis of what each did well and where it could be improved.

Argumentative Essay Example 1

Proponents of this idea state that it will save local cities and towns money because libraries are expensive to maintain. They also believe it will encourage more people to read because they won’t have to travel to a library to get a book; they can simply click on what they want to read and read it from wherever they are. They could also access more materials because libraries won’t have to buy physical copies of books; they can simply rent out as many digital copies as they need.

However, it would be a serious mistake to replace libraries with tablets. First, digital books and resources are associated with less learning and more problems than print resources. A study done on tablet vs book reading found that people read 20-30% slower on tablets, retain 20% less information, and understand 10% less of what they read compared to people who read the same information in print. Additionally, staring too long at a screen has been shown to cause numerous health problems, including blurred vision, dizziness, dry eyes, headaches, and eye strain, at much higher instances than reading print does. People who use tablets and mobile devices excessively also have a higher incidence of more serious health issues such as fibromyalgia, shoulder and back pain, carpal tunnel syndrome, and muscle strain. I know that whenever I read from my e-reader for too long, my eyes begin to feel tired and my neck hurts. We should not add to these problems by giving people, especially young people, more reasons to look at screens.

Second, it is incredibly narrow-minded to assume that the only service libraries offer is book lending. Libraries have a multitude of benefits, and many are only available if the library has a physical location. Some of these benefits include acting as a quiet study space, giving people a way to converse with their neighbors, holding classes on a variety of topics, providing jobs, answering patron questions, and keeping the community connected. One neighborhood found that, after a local library instituted community events such as play times for toddlers and parents, job fairs for teenagers, and meeting spaces for senior citizens, over a third of residents reported feeling more connected to their community. Similarly, a Pew survey conducted in 2015 found that nearly two-thirds of American adults feel that closing their local library would have a major impact on their community. People see libraries as a way to connect with others and get their questions answered, benefits tablets can’t offer nearly as well or as easily.

While replacing libraries with tablets may seem like a simple solution, it would encourage people to spend even more time looking at digital screens, despite the myriad issues surrounding them. It would also end access to many of the benefits of libraries that people have come to rely on. In many areas, libraries are such an important part of the community network that they could never be replaced by a simple object.

The author begins by giving an overview of the counter-argument, then the thesis appears as the first sentence in the third paragraph. The essay then spends the rest of the paper dismantling the counter argument and showing why readers should believe the other side.

What this essay does well:

• Although it’s a bit unusual to have the thesis appear fairly far into the essay, it works because, once the thesis is stated, the rest of the essay focuses on supporting it since the counter-argument has already been discussed earlier in the paper.
• This essay includes numerous facts and cites studies to support its case. By having specific data to rely on, the author’s argument is stronger and readers will be more inclined to agree with it.
• For every argument the other side makes, the author makes sure to refute it and follow up with why her opinion is the stronger one. In order to make a strong argument, it’s important to dismantle the other side, which this essay does this by making the author's view appear stronger.
• This is a shorter paper, and if it needed to be expanded to meet length requirements, it could include more examples and go more into depth with them, such as by explaining specific cases where people benefited from local libraries.
• Additionally, while the paper uses lots of data, the author also mentions their own experience with using tablets. This should be removed since argumentative essays focus on facts and data to support an argument, not the author’s own opinion or experiences. Replacing that with more data on health issues associated with screen time would strengthen the essay.
• Some of the points made aren't completely accurate , particularly the one about digital books being cheaper. It actually often costs a library more money to rent out numerous digital copies of a book compared to buying a single physical copy. Make sure in your own essay you thoroughly research each of the points and rebuttals you make, otherwise you'll look like you don't know the issue that well.

Argumentative Essay Example 2

There are multiple drugs available to treat malaria, and many of them work well and save lives, but malaria eradication programs that focus too much on them and not enough on prevention haven’t seen long-term success in Sub-Saharan Africa. A major program to combat malaria was WHO’s Global Malaria Eradication Programme. Started in 1955, it had a goal of eliminating malaria in Africa within the next ten years. Based upon previously successful programs in Brazil and the United States, the program focused mainly on vector control. This included widely distributing chloroquine and spraying large amounts of DDT. More than one billion dollars was spent trying to abolish malaria. However, the program suffered from many problems and in 1969, WHO was forced to admit that the program had not succeeded in eradicating malaria. The number of people in Sub-Saharan Africa who contracted malaria as well as the number of malaria deaths had actually increased over 10% during the time the program was active.

One of the major reasons for the failure of the project was that it set uniform strategies and policies. By failing to consider variations between governments, geography, and infrastructure, the program was not nearly as successful as it could have been. Sub-Saharan Africa has neither the money nor the infrastructure to support such an elaborate program, and it couldn’t be run the way it was meant to. Most African countries don't have the resources to send all their people to doctors and get shots, nor can they afford to clear wetlands or other malaria prone areas. The continent’s spending per person for eradicating malaria was just a quarter of what Brazil spent. Sub-Saharan Africa simply can’t rely on a plan that requires more money, infrastructure, and expertise than they have to spare.

Additionally, the widespread use of chloroquine has created drug resistant parasites which are now plaguing Sub-Saharan Africa. Because chloroquine was used widely but inconsistently, mosquitoes developed resistance, and chloroquine is now nearly completely ineffective in Sub-Saharan Africa, with over 95% of mosquitoes resistant to it. As a result, newer, more expensive drugs need to be used to prevent and treat malaria, which further drives up the cost of malaria treatment for a region that can ill afford it.

Instead of developing plans to treat malaria after the infection has incurred, programs should focus on preventing infection from occurring in the first place. Not only is this plan cheaper and more effective, reducing the number of people who contract malaria also reduces loss of work/school days which can further bring down the productivity of the region.

One of the cheapest and most effective ways of preventing malaria is to implement insecticide-treated bed nets (ITNs).  These nets provide a protective barrier around the person or people using them. While untreated bed nets are still helpful, those treated with insecticides are much more useful because they stop mosquitoes from biting people through the nets, and they help reduce mosquito populations in a community, thus helping people who don’t even own bed nets.  Bed nets are also very effective because most mosquito bites occur while the person is sleeping, so bed nets would be able to drastically reduce the number of transmissions during the night. In fact, transmission of malaria can be reduced by as much as 90% in areas where the use of ITNs is widespread. Because money is so scarce in Sub-Saharan Africa, the low cost is a great benefit and a major reason why the program is so successful. Bed nets cost roughly 2 USD to make, last several years, and can protect two adults. Studies have shown that, for every 100-1000 more nets are being used, one less child dies of malaria. With an estimated 300 million people in Africa not being protected by mosquito nets, there’s the potential to save three million lives by spending just a few dollars per person.

Reducing the number of people who contract malaria would also reduce poverty levels in Africa significantly, thus improving other aspects of society like education levels and the economy. Vector control is more effective than treatment strategies because it means fewer people are getting sick. When fewer people get sick, the working population is stronger as a whole because people are not put out of work from malaria, nor are they caring for sick relatives. Malaria-afflicted families can typically only harvest 40% of the crops that healthy families can harvest. Additionally, a family with members who have malaria spends roughly a quarter of its income treatment, not including the loss of work they also must deal with due to the illness. It’s estimated that malaria costs Africa 12 billion USD in lost income every year. A strong working population creates a stronger economy, which Sub-Saharan Africa is in desperate need of.  

This essay begins with an introduction, which ends with the thesis (that malaria eradication plans in Sub-Saharan Africa should focus on prevention rather than treatment). The first part of the essay lays out why the counter argument (treatment rather than prevention) is not as effective, and the second part of the essay focuses on why prevention of malaria is the better path to take.

• The thesis appears early, is stated clearly, and is supported throughout the rest of the essay. This makes the argument clear for readers to understand and follow throughout the essay.
• There’s lots of solid research in this essay, including specific programs that were conducted and how successful they were, as well as specific data mentioned throughout. This evidence helps strengthen the author’s argument.
• The author makes a case for using expanding bed net use over waiting until malaria occurs and beginning treatment, but not much of a plan is given for how the bed nets would be distributed or how to ensure they’re being used properly. By going more into detail of what she believes should be done, the author would be making a stronger argument.
• The introduction of the essay does a good job of laying out the seriousness of the problem, but the conclusion is short and abrupt. Expanding it into its own paragraph would give the author a final way to convince readers of her side of the argument.

Argumentative Essay Example 3

There are many ways payments could work. They could be in the form of a free-market approach, where athletes are able to earn whatever the market is willing to pay them, it could be a set amount of money per athlete, or student athletes could earn income from endorsements, autographs, and control of their likeness, similar to the way top Olympians earn money.

Proponents of the idea believe that, because college athletes are the ones who are training, participating in games, and bringing in audiences, they should receive some sort of compensation for their work. If there were no college athletes, the NCAA wouldn’t exist, college coaches wouldn’t receive there (sometimes very high) salaries, and brands like Nike couldn’t profit from college sports. In fact, the NCAA brings in roughly $1 billion in revenue a year, but college athletes don’t receive any of that money in the form of a paycheck. Additionally, people who believe college athletes should be paid state that paying college athletes will actually encourage them to remain in college longer and not turn pro as quickly, either by giving them a way to begin earning money in college or requiring them to sign a contract stating they’ll stay at the university for a certain number of years while making an agreed-upon salary.  

Supporters of this idea point to Zion Williamson, the Duke basketball superstar, who, during his freshman year, sustained a serious knee injury. Many argued that, even if he enjoyed playing for Duke, it wasn’t worth risking another injury and ending his professional career before it even began for a program that wasn’t paying him. Williamson seems to have agreed with them and declared his eligibility for the NCAA draft later that year. If he was being paid, he may have stayed at Duke longer. In fact, roughly a third of student athletes surveyed stated that receiving a salary while in college would make them “strongly consider” remaining collegiate athletes longer before turning pro.

Paying athletes could also stop the recruitment scandals that have plagued the NCAA. In 2018, the NCAA stripped the University of Louisville's men's basketball team of its 2013 national championship title because it was discovered coaches were using sex workers to entice recruits to join the team. There have been dozens of other recruitment scandals where college athletes and recruits have been bribed with anything from having their grades changed, to getting free cars, to being straight out bribed. By paying college athletes and putting their salaries out in the open, the NCAA could end the illegal and underhanded ways some schools and coaches try to entice athletes to join.

People who argue against the idea of paying college athletes believe the practice could be disastrous for college sports. By paying athletes, they argue, they’d turn college sports into a bidding war, where only the richest schools could afford top athletes, and the majority of schools would be shut out from developing a talented team (though some argue this already happens because the best players often go to the most established college sports programs, who typically pay their coaches millions of dollars per year). It could also ruin the tight camaraderie of many college teams if players become jealous that certain teammates are making more money than they are.

They also argue that paying college athletes actually means only a small fraction would make significant money. Out of the 350 Division I athletic departments, fewer than a dozen earn any money. Nearly all the money the NCAA makes comes from men’s football and basketball, so paying college athletes would make a small group of men--who likely will be signed to pro teams and begin making millions immediately out of college--rich at the expense of other players.

Those against paying college athletes also believe that the athletes are receiving enough benefits already. The top athletes already receive scholarships that are worth tens of thousands per year, they receive free food/housing/textbooks, have access to top medical care if they are injured, receive top coaching, get travel perks and free gear, and can use their time in college as a way to capture the attention of professional recruiters. No other college students receive anywhere near as much from their schools.

People on this side also point out that, while the NCAA brings in a massive amount of money each year, it is still a non-profit organization. How? Because over 95% of those profits are redistributed to its members’ institutions in the form of scholarships, grants, conferences, support for Division II and Division III teams, and educational programs. Taking away a significant part of that revenue would hurt smaller programs that rely on that money to keep running.

While both sides have good points, it’s clear that the negatives of paying college athletes far outweigh the positives. College athletes spend a significant amount of time and energy playing for their school, but they are compensated for it by the scholarships and perks they receive. Adding a salary to that would result in a college athletic system where only a small handful of athletes (those likely to become millionaires in the professional leagues) are paid by a handful of schools who enter bidding wars to recruit them, while the majority of student athletics and college athletic programs suffer or even shut down for lack of money. Continuing to offer the current level of benefits to student athletes makes it possible for as many people to benefit from and enjoy college sports as possible.

This argumentative essay follows the Rogerian model. It discusses each side, first laying out multiple reasons people believe student athletes should be paid, then discussing reasons why the athletes shouldn’t be paid. It ends by stating that college athletes shouldn’t be paid by arguing that paying them would destroy college athletics programs and cause them to have many of the issues professional sports leagues have.

• Both sides of the argument are well developed, with multiple reasons why people agree with each side. It allows readers to get a full view of the argument and its nuances.
• Certain statements on both sides are directly rebuffed in order to show where the strengths and weaknesses of each side lie and give a more complete and sophisticated look at the argument.
• Using the Rogerian model can be tricky because oftentimes you don’t explicitly state your argument until the end of the paper. Here, the thesis doesn’t appear until the first sentence of the final paragraph. That doesn’t give readers a lot of time to be convinced that your argument is the right one, compared to a paper where the thesis is stated in the beginning and then supported throughout the paper. This paper could be strengthened if the final paragraph was expanded to more fully explain why the author supports the view, or if the paper had made it clearer that paying athletes was the weaker argument throughout.

3 Tips for Writing a Good Argumentative Essay

Now that you’ve seen examples of what good argumentative essay samples look like, follow these three tips when crafting your own essay.

#1: Make Your Thesis Crystal Clear

The thesis is the key to your argumentative essay; if it isn’t clear or readers can’t find it easily, your entire essay will be weak as a result. Always make sure that your thesis statement is easy to find. The typical spot for it is the final sentence of the introduction paragraph, but if it doesn’t fit in that spot for your essay, try to at least put it as the first or last sentence of a different paragraph so it stands out more.

Also make sure that your thesis makes clear what side of the argument you’re on. After you’ve written it, it’s a great idea to show your thesis to a couple different people--classmates are great for this. Just by reading your thesis they should be able to understand what point you’ll be trying to make with the rest of your essay.

#2: Show Why the Other Side Is Weak

When writing your essay, you may be tempted to ignore the other side of the argument and just focus on your side, but don’t do this. The best argumentative essays really tear apart the other side to show why readers shouldn’t believe it. Before you begin writing your essay, research what the other side believes, and what their strongest points are. Then, in your essay, be sure to mention each of these and use evidence to explain why they’re incorrect/weak arguments. That’ll make your essay much more effective than if you only focused on your side of the argument.

#3: Use Evidence to Support Your Side

Remember, an essay can’t be an argumentative essay if it doesn’t support its argument with evidence. For every point you make, make sure you have facts to back it up. Some examples are previous studies done on the topic, surveys of large groups of people, data points, etc. There should be lots of numbers in your argumentative essay that support your side of the argument. This will make your essay much stronger compared to only relying on your own opinions to support your argument.

Summary: Argumentative Essay Sample

Argumentative essays are persuasive essays that use facts and evidence to support their side of the argument. Most argumentative essays follow either the Toulmin model or the Rogerian model. By reading good argumentative essay examples, you can learn how to develop your essay and provide enough support to make readers agree with your opinion. When writing your essay, remember to always make your thesis clear, show where the other side is weak, and back up your opinion with data and evidence.

What's Next?

Do you need to write an argumentative essay as well? Check out our guide on the best argumentative essay topics for ideas!

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Your college admissions essay may end up being one of the most important essays you write. Follow our step-by-step guide on writing a personal statement to have an essay that'll impress colleges.

Christine graduated from Michigan State University with degrees in Environmental Biology and Geography and received her Master's from Duke University. In high school she scored in the 99th percentile on the SAT and was named a National Merit Finalist. She has taught English and biology in several countries.

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• Argumentative Essay Structure

It’s almost impossible to imagine studying in high school or university without essay writing. Teachers often give students a task to prepare a text that will represent their thoughts in a critical, logical, and coherent manner. 

The ability to think critically and prove your point of view is useful to finish any essay, especially an argumentative one. Structure for argumentative essay is built in such a way that the author provides arguments in favor of their position or theory. Here, students formulate their viewpoint supporting it with evidence-based reasoning.

What Is Argumentative Essay?

An argumentative essay is the most popular paper type at college. By working on such an assignment, you develop two skills at once: in-depth research and persuasive writing.

Before you turn to our argumentative essay guide, there’s one necessary thing to understand. Such essays are usually written on a controversial topic. The key here is to prove that your thesis is correct. 

A thesis is a specific belief (it’s best to express it in one sentence) that shows your position on an issue. It plays a vital role in the structure of argumentative essay as it should be mentioned in the introduction, after you set a background of a problem. The assignment is fully dedicated to convincing the readers of your thesis using analysis and evidence. 

Writing a paper, the author conducts an internal dialogue. Here, it’s essential to evaluate statements, evidence, make assumptions, and re-evaluate contradictions. Well-reasoned essays address a variety of topics, from social and political to rather personal ones. Here are some examples: 

• «Borders between countries shouldn’t exist»;
• «Negotiations with terrorists are unacceptable»;
• «Unemployment stimulates economic development»;
• «Technological progress leads to the death of civilization»;
• «Education for boys and girls should be separate».

How To Structure An Argumentative Essay?

In fact, the argument essay structure is not determined by strict rules. The main thing is to adhere to the logic of reasoning so that the text is consistent.

The structure of argumentative essays comprises an introduction, body, and conclusion.

As was mentioned earlier, the introduction provides a thesis statement. Here, you also mention the theme’s importance and relevance and describe the background to the problem. 

Note that the reader’s first opinion about the text is based on the introduction, that is why it must be intriguing. A great formula to engage the reader is to start with a rhetorical question, impressive statistics, or a quote. This part of the argumentative writing structure sets the emotional tone, so it shouldn’t be too long – one or two paragraphs will be enough.

There are two ways to come up with an introduction. The first one is freewriting, just note whatever comes to your mind regarding the topic of the work within, say, 10-15 minutes. This can be associations, memories, links, or personal attitudes to the issue. Perhaps one of the ideas will inspire you. 

Another way is to follow the strategy of many students: first, they write the main part of the work, or the entire essay, and finish the introduction at the end.

The body is, no doubt, the most important part of argument essay structure as it shows your arguments and evidence. It’s key to win the audience over to your side and show why your position is preferable over others. Here, your point of view is revealed in 2-3 paragraphs. 

To prove your position with arguments, turn to well-known facts, historical events, scientific research, or opinions of reputable scientists. An example should follow each argument.

In the main part, it is also necessary to consider counterarguments or opposite judgments. Show why they are weak and refute them.  By testing opposing viewpoints, you will strengthen the structure for argumentative essay as well as make it more dynamic and the very essay – more persuasive.

Finally, you should draw conclusions according to your thesis. They should be logically connected to the thesis; the questions, if any, should be answered. Remember, Conclusion should only contain what the reader might have learned from your work, not new information. 

Argumentative Essay Structure Example

Basically, there are five steps to write a brilliant argumentative paper: 

• Make a claim.
• Support your claim with evidence.
• State the counterclaim.
• Provide a rebuttal.
• Conclude the argument.

Here is a classical structure of an argument essay example: 

• Introduction:

Argument 1, i.e. the point supporting your claim + examples (quotes, references, experience).

Argument 2, i.e. the point supporting your claim + examples (quotes, references, experience).

Argument 3, i.e. the point supporting your claim + examples (quotes, references, experience).

Counterargument (i.e. the other side of the argument). Here, you agree that people may have an opposing position, and, if you have evidence, prove that it is wrong.

• Conclusion: 

Restate your main point (using different words) and list what you have found.

Provide the readers with something to think about: a call to action, solution, or prediction. 

To make the argumentative structure as consistent as possible, use writing transitions:

• To start a sentence: It’s clear that, It’s a well-known fact, To begin with, There is no doubt, For instance;
• To add an idea: Furthermore, In addition, Moreover, Also, Likewise;
• To show cause: As a result, Due to, Hence, That is why, For all of those reasons;
• For a counterargument: However, On the other hand, Others may say that, Even though, A common argument against this position is that, You could argue that, but here’s the weakness;
• To conclude : Therefore, To sum up, In conclusion, I’d like to say, Having weighed all the evidence, I can conclude that.

After finishing the draft, take a break. This will give you a fresh perspective on your essay. It is also helpful to ask someone you know to read the essay. Ask them:

• whether the arguments are persuasive enough;
• whether a logical sequence has been preserved.

Later, when editing, avoid such mistakes as tangled explanations, non-related information, weak transitions, spelling or grammar mistakes, and inappropriate tone of voice.

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Argumentative Essays: Key Sections and Writing Tips

Argumentative essays test the student’s ability to conduct research on a topic, obtain and evaluate evidence, and take a stance on a controversial issue. The main goal is to present solid evidence to back up the position taken. In so doing, the writer presents arguments that convince the audience to support their stand. Argumentative essays are assigned to students as part of their coursework. They can also be assigned as a capstone project. Students sitting for TOEFL, IELTS, SAT, GRE, or GED are often asked to write argumentative essays.

• 1 Argumentative Essay Outline
• 2.1 Introductory Paragraph
• 2.2 Prices Starting At:
• 3 Thesis Statement Writing Tips
• 4 Types of Arguments
• 5.1 Settle on an Argumentative Essay Topic
• 5.2 Do Some Research on the Topic
• 5.3 Write Your First Draft
• 5.4 Editing and Proofreading
• 6 Sample Argumentative Essay Topics

Argumentative Essay Outline

First, you need to settle on an argumentative essay topic  you are passionate about and that interests you. You should consider a topic that is researchable, controversial, and arguable. Sometimes, a topic is assigned to you, which will require you to conduct research to establish facts that will support your arguments. Writing argumentative essays is not an arduous task. They follow the traditional five-paragraph essay format, comprising an introduction, at least three body paragraphs, and a conclusion.

Our Sample Argumentative Essays

Before you place your order, you may want to sample some of the example argumentative essays written by our experienced argumentative essay writers to gauge the quality of our writing.

Should Covid-19 Vaccination Be Required for Students to Attend Public Schools? (Format: APA 7)

Is Physical Learning Better Than Online Learning? (Format: MLA)

Introductory Paragraph

The introductory paragraph introduces your argumentative essay topic. It contains a hook, a thesis statement, and the topic’s background. The hook usually comes in the first or second line of the introductory paragraph, followed by the topic’s background and then the thesis statement.

A hook is a line that draws the reader’s attention and arouses their interest in the topic. It can be a question, a statement, a joke, an anecdote, or a popular quote. Writing a great hook requires you to have a premeditated thesis. The hook must go hand in hand with the thesis statement; therefore, any question, joke, quote, or anecdote must directly relate to the thesis.

Prices Starting At:

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The background, which normally comes after the hook, highlights the essay’s context. Here, do not discuss the essay’s main arguments yet. The background information helps the reader understand what your essay is about. To present your essay’s background, you can use a current event that is related to your writing. You can also present historical facts or statistics relevant to your topic. For example, Martin Luther King Jr. began his ‘‘I Have a Dream’’ speech by presenting historical facts. His speech was about the fight for freedom. In the background to his speech, Martin Luther stated that despite the signing of the Emancipation Proclamation, the Negro is not free 100 years later.

Thesis Statement

Argumentative essays should have a clear thesis statement  that will guide the direction of the essay from start to the end. A thesis statement contains a concise summary of the essay’s main claim. This is often written in one sentence, which gives the reader an overview of the essay’s central idea.

Body Paragraphs

The body paragraphs should have a minimum of three strong arguments. Two of the paragraphs argue in favor of your stand on the topic. The third paragraph presents opposing views (counterarguments) and a rebuttal.

A good body paragraph should have a claim, evidence, and a concluding statement. The topic sentence states the sub-argument you have settled on for that particular paragraph, bearing in mind that each body paragraph presents a unique sub-argument. A claim can state whether your take on the topic issue is true or false. It can also be your own interpretation of your understanding of the issue or a statement on why you think the issue is important. Undoubtedly, claims must be backed up by evidence. Good sources of evidence are statistics, authoritative references, or valid ideas. This underscores the need for research from books, journals, or other reliable external sources. The concluding statement summarizes the particular paragraph’s arguments.

The last part of an argumentative essay is the conclusion. When writing your conclusion, you must

restate your thesis statement. However, you should go beyond simply restating your thesis statement to briefly tying it to the evidence you presented. Next, briefly summarize your arguments without introducing new ideas. This gives the audience a recap of the important points you have discussed. You can wrap up with a personal anecdote of why the topic is significant to you. You could also suggest that more research be done on the topic in light of what you have established.

Thesis Statement Writing Tips

A thesis statement spans one sentence and appears at the end of the first paragraph. Its main aim is to summarize your essay’s central point and piques the reader’s interest in what to expect. Your topic can change along the way; therefore, it is prudent to change the thesis statement to suit the essay’s discussion. There are three ways you can adapt to help you craft a good thesis statement. These are:

• Stating your main points: Outline your key points and state how you will support them. The reader will know right away what your essay is about.
• Pose a question about your topic and then answer it in the thesis statement: Questions intrigue readers and compel them to read on to find the answer to the question. At the beginning of the introductory paragraph, the question can be posed as a hook (e.g., how much time per day should one spend on social media?) Next, answer the question in your thesis statement (e.g., experts recommend that social media users spend less than 30 minutes per day online, translating to better health, better time management, reduced anxiety, and reduced sleep problems).
• Introduce an argument, then present its counterargument: Here, you state a view that contradicts your stance, explain why it is not valid, and reiterate that your perspective is true (e.g., Some people believe that a ketogenic diet is unhealthy; however, sticking to its recommended duration has more benefits than harm, such as improving heart health and reducing the risk of cancer).

Types of Arguments

An argumentative essay has two key argument types:

• Aristotelian : This is a classical argument style by the renowned Greek philosopher Aristotle. The writer aims to persuade the audience that their standpoint on an issue is correct. Facts are outlined clearly and concisely. A writer who chooses this kind of argument introduces the issue, explains it in detail, addresses opposing views, and delivers a conclusion in a bid to convince the audience to agree with their point of view. This argument type is effective when the audience has little information about the topic being discussed. Aristotelian arguments are mainly concerned with winning.
• Rogerian : The Rogerian argument type is attributed to a psychotherapist known as Carl Rogers. Under this approach, the writer seeks to reach a middle ground while addressing opposing viewpoints. It seeks a compromise and acknowledges each side’s positive aspects. It does not endeavor to provide a solution for the issue. However, in academic settings, this argument style is not very common. Truth based on empirical research and theoretical frameworks often takes precedence over the compromise that comes with the Rogerian method.
• Toulmin : The writer presents their argument, which has three main parts, namely claim, grounds, and warrant. They state their claim (i.e., what they consider true), present evidence and facts (grounds), and discuss the link between the claim and evidence. The Toulmin argument style focuses on one of the opposing sides. It presents facts that irrefutably support the argument, making it difficult to argue against the claim.

Getting Started with the Writing Process

Settle on an argumentative essay topic.

Writing an argumentative essay might seem easy since you already have a viewpoint on an issue. You might think that you simply have to state your opinion and then discuss opposing views. However, you must offer your audience solid proof alongside each argument.

• This calls for research; hence, your topic must be researchable.
• You should also settle on a topic that ignites your passion.
• The narrower the topic, the better. Your theme should not be too wide to discuss in a few pages; rather, it should be specific and debatable.
• Also, consider your audience. Can you tell what their opinion on an issue could be? Would the topic interest them? That said, you should also avoid sensitive and emotive topics, such as those that seem to target specific political, religious, or ethnic groups.
• Ensure you have sufficient information to back up your arguments and counterarguments.

Do Some Research on the Topic

Researching before the writing process ensures you gather enough information regarding your topic. You will also decide your stance, select appealing arguments, and put together your evidence at this stage. Always ensure that the information you have collected is timely, bias-free, credible, and reliable.

Write Your First Draft

Once you have settled on the topic and gathered sufficient information, the writing process is easy peasy lemon squeezy! You simply need to organize the information orderly, following the five-paragraph format discussed in the Argumentative Essay Outline  section.

Editing and Proofreading

Editing is a crucial step in every writing process. It helps you rid the paper of structural errors. You could be missing a clear thesis statement, solid examples to support your arguments, a conclusion, and a counterargument. Some sections of your essay could also be unnecessarily wordy. Editing helps you identify such errors. Most writing experts advise that you take some time off after writing before you can embark on editing. This helps you look at the paper with a fresh pair of eyes, making it easy to spot mistakes. You could also use the services of a second party to edit your paper, such as WritingElites.net.

Proofreading is essential in refining the paper’s grammar, spelling, punctuation, formatting issues, typos, and other inconsistencies.

Sample Argumentative Essay Topics

Some ideas for your argumentative essay topics are:

• Should Covid-19 Vaccination Be Required for Students to Attend Public Schools?
• Is Physical Learning Better Than Online Learning?
• Should abortion be legalized across the globe?
• Is there hope for equality among the LGBTQ community?
• Should teachers receive higher pay?
• Is technology detrimental to the young generation?
• Should the retirement age be increased?
• Is human trafficking beneficial to the recipient country’s economy?
• Should everyone of legal age be allowed to own a gun?
• Should euthanasia be legalized?
• Should medical marijuana be legalized in all US states?

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9.2: Components of an Argument

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Making an argument in an essay, term paper, blog post or other college writing task is like laying out a case in court. Just as there are conventions that attorneys must adhere to as they make their arguments in court, there are conventions in arguments made in research assignments. Among those conventions is to use the components of an argument.

This section on making an argument was developed with the help of “Making Good Arguments” in The Craft of Research , by Wayne Booth, Gregory Colomb, and Joseph Williams, University of Chicago Press, 2003.

The arguments you’re used to hearing or participating in with friends about something that is uncertain or that needs to be decided contain the same components as the ones you’ll need to use in academic writing. Arguments contain those components because those are the ones that work—used together, they stand the best chance of persuading others that you are correct.

For instance, the research question gets things started. The claim, or thesis, tells people what you consider a true or supportable way of looking at a situation, relationship, or phenomenon or what action you think should be taken. The reservations, alternatives, and objections that someone else brings up in your sources (or that you imagine your readers logically might have) allow you to demonstrate how your reasons and evidence (maybe) overcome that kind of thinking—and (you hope) your claim/thesis comes out stronger for having withstood that test.

Activity: Labeled Components

Read the short dialog on pages 114 and 115 in the ebook The Craft of Research by Wayne Booth, Gregory Colomb, and Joseph Williams. The components of an argument are labeled for you.

Example: Argument as a Dialog

Here’s a dialog of an argument, with the most important components labeled.

What Are the Five Parts of an Argumentative Essay?

A Well-Structured Thesis

Supporting body paragraphs, your persuasive conclusion.

A five-paragraph or a five-paragraph or a five-part argumentative essay teaches students how to present their claims clearly and confidently, while backing their views with solid evidence from literary texts and credible research materials. The five parts include ​ a strong introductory paragraph with a clear thesis, three body paragraphs substantiated with detailed evidence, and a compelling conclusion. ​ Students should also use transitional words and phrases to guide readers through their arguments.

Essay writing can be challenge as it is, and the added job of persuading your reader to understand, and even agree with, your point of view can make the task all the more intimidating. Let this article act as a roadmap for how you can write a successful five-part argumentative paper.

​ Write an introductory paragraph that introduces your argument and explains why readers should be interested in your topic. ​ A five-part argumentative essay is relatively short, so you must get to the point quickly and gain your readers' interest right from the start. ​ Include a concise, well-constructed thesis statement in your introductory paragraph that explains what you'll be arguing. ​ A thesis statement is often the last sentence in an introduction. If you're arguing about a literary work, include the title and author in your introduction. When arguing a theory or an issue, incorporate background information and explain its relevance. This first part of your essay lays the groundwork for the rest of the essay; if you have a solid introduction, the rest of your writing process will go much smoother.

​ Develop ​ ​ three distinct, yet unified, body paragraphs ​ ​ to support the claims in your thesis. ​ For example, if you're arguing that standardized tests don't accurately represent a student's academic strengths or problem-solving capabilities, one body paragraph might discuss the shortcomings of ACT and SAT tests, another might explain why some academic skills and abilities aren't represented by standardized tests and a third why some students struggle to perform well on timed tests, despite their knowledge and understanding of the material. Create a topic sentence that clearly explains the objective for each body paragraph. Use specific examples from reliable resources, such as academic journals, peer reviews and professional commentaries, to back your views.

​ Remember: ​ with every piece of evidence in an essay comes the responsibility of giving credit where credit is due; at the end of your argumentative essay, you will have a list of references in which you will cite the sources that gave you all of your information. In the actual body of the essay, you can cite your sources at the end of a sentence with in-text citations.

You also need to ​ address counterarguments ​ in the body of your essay -- always treating opposing viewpoints with courtesy and respect -- and explain how those counterclaims don't hold up. Showing that you understand and acknowledge opposing arguments increases your own credibility and makes your rebuttal much stronger; a good argumentative essay uses lots of critical thinking and shows that you have considered the main points of both arguments before coming to your own conclusions.

​ Create a compelling conclusion that brings your argument to a close. ​ ​ Don't introduce new information in your conclusion. ​ Explain how your evidence clearly supports your arguments and why your thesis is well-founded, logical and credible. The conclusion will leave readers with a lasting impression of your essay. Challenge readers to consider your viewpoints, using passionate, persuasive language to make your closing remarks.

Transitional Phrases

Incorporate transitional words and phrases throughout your paper to unify your five paragraphs. Otherwise, your paper will seem short, abrupt and choppy. Opt for transitional words and phrases, such as ​ "similarly," "on the same note," "in agreement with," "contrarily," "in support of," "to back the argument," "equally important," "nevertheless," "with this in mind," "provided that," "for example," "all things considered" and "given these points" ​ to add continuity, flow and readability to your argumentative essay.

Argumentative writing requires you to address opposing points of view and give concise reasons as to why your argument is the strongest. In a persuasive essay, the type of language you use as well as the reliability of your sources will impact the likelihood that your reader will be swayed by your arguments. Once you have mastered this essay format, you will become much better at developing clear and impactful arguments.

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• University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill -- The Writing Center: Argument
• DePaul University: Type of Writing -- Writing an Argumentative Essay

Madi Reade is currently a student in her junior year at the University of Missouri studying Journalism with an emphasis in Strategic Communications. She lives an active lifestyle and maintains an organized weekly routine to ensure academic success. Throughout her academic career, she has remained committed to bettering her writing and editing abilities with a plan to pursue a career after university that will allow her to employ these skills effectively.

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9-Making an Argument

2. Components of an Argument

Making an argument in an essay, research paper, blog post or other college writing task is like laying out a case in court. Just as there are conventions that attorneys must adhere to as they make their arguments in court, there are conventions in arguments made in research assignments. Among those conventions is to use the components of an argument.

This section on making an argument was developed with the help of “Making Good Arguments” in The Craft of Research , by Wayne Booth, Gregory Colomb, and Joseph Williams, University of Chicago Press, 2003.

The arguments you’re used to hearing or participating in with friends about something that is uncertain or that needs to be decided contain the same components as the ones you’ll need to use in academic writing. Arguments contain those components because those are the ones that work—used together, they stand the best chance of persuading others that you are correct.

For instance, the question gets things started off. The claim, or thesis, tells people what you consider a true way of describing a thing, situation, relationship, or phenomenon or what action you think should be taken. The reservations, alternatives, and objections that someone else brings up in your sources (or that you imagine your readers logically might have) allow you to demonstrate how your reasons and evidence (maybe) overcome that kind of thinking—and (you hope) your claim/thesis comes out stronger for having withstood that test.

Activity: Labeled Components

Read the short dialog on pages 114 and 115 in the ebook The Craft of Research by Wayne Booth, Gregory Colomb, and Joseph Williams. The components of an argument are labeled for you.

Example: Argument as a Dialog

Here’s a dialog of an argument, with the most important components labeled.

Activity: Components of an Argument

Open activity in a web browser.

Choosing & Using Sources: A Guide to Academic Research Copyright © 2015 by Teaching & Learning, Ohio State University Libraries is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License , except where otherwise noted.

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Almost every course you will encounter in college will include writing assignments. One of the most common writing assignments is known as an essay. While the content and style of  essay projects will vary across the disciplines, there are a number of key components that all good essays include. This section of the guide walks you through some of the basic components of the essay genre.  Here are some general thoughts before you get started.  

• A good essay is well-organized and structured. Good essays have a clear introduction, thesis, and conclusion. Body paragraphs in the essay connect back to the thesis. 
• In college, we are no longer tied to a five-paragraph essay (unless an instructor specifically asks for this). Our essays in college can range in length. Some projects may be more than 10 pages, so it would be impossible to use only 5 paragraphs for an essay of this length. 
• Because we are no longer tied to a 5-paragraph essay, we do not have to include "three points" in our thesis statement as we may have done in other courses. 
• Essays should be cohesive and have a good flow. We can create this flow by using transition words and phrases to connect one point to the next. 
• Remember to the review the directions before you start. One can produce a wonderfully-written essay, but if it does not meet the project's parameters, it will not usually receive a passing grade.
• Schedule a meeting with your instructor or tutor before you begin. Visit  http://baker.mywconline.com/  to schedule a meeting with a professional tutor. 

• Parts of an Essay This handout breaks down an essay into it core parts. This short video will provide you with essay structure help.
• Creating a Strong Thesis Statement Here are some brief tips about how to write a strong thesis statement for your college writing project.
• How to Write an Excellent Introduction This handout leads you through a number of successful strategies to garner reader interest and transition into your thesis statement.
• Creating Body Paragraphs This resource walks you through paragraph creation including how to implement good topic sentences, proper organization, and excellent development.
• Crafting a Strong Conclusion We often focus on creating a strong introduction, but crafting a well-written conclusion is just as important.
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How to Write a Conclusion for an Argumentative Essay

October 24, 2023

The Role of a Conclusion in an Argumentative Essay

The role of a conclusion in an argumentative essay is crucial in effectively wrapping up the discussion and leaving a lasting impression on the reader. Unlike other parts of the essay, the conclusion serves a distinct purpose beyond summarizing the main points. Its primary objective is to reiterate the central argument and present a compelling case for its validity.

To write a powerful conclusion for an argumentative essay, it is important to avoid mere repetition of the thesis statement or a simple rundown of the key arguments. Instead, the conclusion should provide a broader perspective by emphasizing the significance of the topic, highlighting its relevance in a larger context. Additionally, it is essential to address counterarguments or opposing viewpoints and offer a thoughtful response.

By weaving together the main ideas and evidence presented throughout the essay, the conclusion should be able to leave a lasting impact on the reader, reinforcing the credibility and strength of the argument put forth. It serves as a final opportunity to persuade the audience to accept your viewpoint or consider your recommendations. When you write an argumentative conclusion it requires precision and care, ensuring that it seamlessly aligns with the content of the essay while leaving a lasting impression on the reader.

Components of a Strong Argumentative Conclusion

A strong argumentative essay conclusion is comprised of several key components that work together to create a powerful ending to the essay. Here are some of the most important components to keep in mind when crafting a conclusion for an argumentative essay:

• Thesis restatement: The conclusion should begin by restating the thesis statement that was introduced in the introduction. This reminds the reader of the main argument and what was being discussed.
• Summary of main points: While it is important to avoid repetition, a summary of the main points discussed in the essay can be helpful in reinforcing the overall argument.
• Addressing counterarguments: In an argumentative essay, it is important to address any opposing viewpoints that were presented in the essay, while explaining why your argument is still valid.
• Final thought: The conclusion should end with a final thought about the topic that leaves the reader with something to think about. This can be a call-to-action, a recommendation, or even a question.
• Closing statement: A strong closing statement can help tie all of the components of the conclusion together and leave a lasting impression on the reader.

By including these key components in an argumentative essay conclusion, writers can create a powerful ending that reinforces the strength of their argument and leaves a lasting impression on the reader.

Step-by-step Conclusion Writing Guide

Writing a conclusion for an argumentative essay can be both challenging and rewarding. It is an opportunity to leave a lasting impression on the reader, persuading them of the strength of your argument and leaving them with something to think about. Here is a step-by-step guide to writing a conclusion for an argumentative essay:

• Restate your thesis – Begin writing your conclusion by reiterating your thesis statement, reminding the reader of the main point you were arguing.
• Summarize your main points – Summarize the main points you made throughout your essay. Do it in a way that does not simply repeat what you have already written but instead provides a concise but effective recap.
• Address opposing views – Acknowledge any counterarguments or opposing views presented throughout your essay by reviewing and disputing them. This demonstrates that you have considered multiple sides and have a clear understanding of the issue.
• Broaden your perspective – Broaden your perspective by providing context or additional insights on the topic. This can be done by relating your argument to a larger issue or by providing a thought-provoking example.
• Provide solutions or recommendations – Provide solutions or recommendations that the reader can consider. This can include actionable steps or invitations to think critically about the issue at hand. This makes your essay more actionable and practical.
• Use a closing statement – End your conclusion with a closing statement that leaves a lasting impression on the reader. Choose your last words carefully and keep in mind that this statement must effectively encapsulate and emphasize your argument.
• Revise your essay – After completing your conclusion, it’s time to revise your entire essay to ensure that it flows well, is concise, and avoids any grammatical errors. This step is vital for giving your essay a polished finish.

In conclusion, writing a strong conclusion for an argumentative essay requires a clear and concise summary of your main points along with effectively addressing counterarguments, and broadening your perspective. By following the above-mentioned step-by-step guide, you can craft a powerful and memorable conclusion that leaves a lasting impression on your reader. Remember, writing a conclusion is never just summarizing your arguments. It is a chance to leave a strong, final impression on your reader while restating your thesis and summarizing your arguments with clarity and effectively engaging them with your unique perspective.

Techniques to Avoid in a Conclusion Writing

In order to write a strong conclusion for an argumentative essay, it is important to steer clear of certain techniques that can undermine its effectiveness. Here are a few techniques to avoid:

• Introducing new information: Your conclusion should not introduce any new arguments or evidence that have not been discussed in the body paragraphs of your essay. Adding new information at this stage can confuse the reader and weaken the impact of your argument.
• Restating the thesis without elaboration: While it is essential to restate your thesis in the conclusion, avoid simply regurgitating it without providing further elaboration. Instead, offer a concise summary of your main points and demonstrate how they support your thesis.
• Using weak or speculative language: Avoid using phrases like “I think” or “I believe” in your conclusion. These phrases weaken the confidence and authority of your argument. Instead, use assertive and evidence-based language to strengthen your position.
• Dismissing counterarguments without addressing them: It is important to acknowledge and address counterarguments in an argumentative essay. Dismissing them without providing a clear rebuttal can make your conclusion appear dismissive or incomplete. Take the time to address opposing viewpoints and explain why your argument is still valid.
• Rushing the conclusion: A conclusion should not feel rushed or abrupt. It should provide a sense of closure and a final thought for the reader to ponder. Avoid ending your essay abruptly without providing a clear, well-crafted closing statement.

By avoiding these techniques, you can ensure that you write a conclusion for an argumentative essay that is strong, persuasive, and leaves a lasting impact on the reader. It should effectively tie together your main points, address counterarguments, and provide a thought-provoking closing statement.

Tips to Write an Effective Conclusion

Writing an effective conclusion for an argumentative essay is crucial as it can greatly impact the overall success of your essay. Here are a few tips to help you with your conclusion writing:

• Summarize your main points: Recap the key arguments you made throughout your essay in a concise and clear manner. This reaffirms your main points and reminds the reader of the strength of your argument.
• Address counterarguments: Take the opportunity in your conclusion to address any counterarguments or opposing viewpoints presented in your essay. Refute them with evidence and logic, showcasing the thoroughness of your research.
• Broaden the perspective: Expand the viewpoint in your conclusion by providing broader context or bringing in relevant examples. This helps your reader see the bigger picture and understand the wider implications of your argument.
• Provide a call to action or recommendation: End your conclusion with a call to action or recommendation that urges the reader to take further action or consider the implications of your argument. This adds a sense of importance and motivates your audience to think critically about the issue discussed.
• Use impactful language: Choose powerful words and phrases that leave a lasting impression on the reader. Capture their attention and evoke an emotional response, emphasizing the significance of your argument.

By employing these tips, you can ensure that your conclusion is a strong and memorable ending to your argumentative essay. Well-crafted conclusions are essential in leaving a lasting impact on your reader and reinforcing the strength of your position.

Argumentative Essay Conclusion Writing Example

In conclusion, it is evident that stricter gun control measures are necessary to reduce the alarming rate of gun violence in our society. The arguments presented in this essay clearly demonstrate that easy access to firearms not only leads to increased crime rates but also escalates the severity of incidents. By implementing comprehensive background checks, banning assault weapons, and implementing stricter licensing requirements, we can significantly curtail gun violence and create a safer environment for all.

Despite opposition from pro-gun lobbyists, the overwhelming evidence supports the need for stricter gun control regulations. Numerous studies have shown a direct correlation between lax gun laws and higher rates of gun-related deaths and injuries. Ignoring these findings and failing to take action would be a disservice to the well-being and safety of our communities.

It is imperative that lawmakers and citizens alike recognize the urgency of this issue. By prioritizing public safety over individual gun ownership rights, we bring ourselves closer to a society where families can feel secure and innocent lives are protected. It is time to take a stand against gun violence and implement the necessary measures to create a safer future for all. Together, we can make a difference and save countless lives.

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Key Components of Argumentative Essay

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12 questions, what is the purpose of a thesis statement in an argumentative essay, which of the following is not considered evidence in an argumentative essay, what is the purpose of including counterarguments in an argumentative essay, in an argumentative essay, what should a writer do with counterarguments, what is the primary purpose of the rebuttal section in an argumentative essay, which section of an argumentative essay typically addresses opposing viewpoints directly, what is the primary goal of a conclusion in an argumentative essay, which of the following is the least important element to include in the conclusion of an argumentative essay, which of the following is the most important aspect of addressing counterarguments in an argumentative essay, which of the following is a key characteristic of a well-written thesis statement in an argumentative essay, which of the following is the least effective way to address counterarguments in an argumentative essay, which of the following is the most important element to include in the conclusion of an argumentative essay, argumentative essay.

An argumentative essay is a type of academic writing in which you present your point of view on a particular topic while providing evidence to support your stance. The goal is to persuade readers by demonstrating the validity of your ideas using logical reasoning and solid evidence. Let's break down the key components of an argumentative essay.

Thesis Statement

A thesis statement declares the central idea or main point of your argument. It should be clear, concise, and specific enough to guide your writing throughout the essay. For example, if you are arguing for gun control laws, your thesis statement might be something like this: "Effective gun control laws can reduce gun-related incidents and improve public safety."

Claims and Evidence

Each paragraph of your essay should focus on a specific claim, which is a statement that supports your thesis. Evidence is the information you use to back up your claims. This can include facts, statistics, examples, and quotes from credible sources. Make sure that your evidence is relevant to your claims and that you cite your sources properly to avoid plagiarism.

Counterarguments

A counterargument is a point of view that opposes your own. It's important to acknowledge and address counterarguments because they show that you have considered opposing views and that your argument is not one-sided. When discussing a counterargument, explain why it is not as strong as your argument and provide evidence to support your stance.

Your rebuttal is your response to the counterarguments presented in the essay. It's an opportunity to show that your argument is still valid despite the opposing view. In the rebuttal, you should explain why the counterarguments are not as strong as your argument and present evidence to support your position.

The conclusion of your argumentative essay should summarize your main points and restate your thesis statement. It should also leave the reader with something to think about, such as a call to action or a thought-provoking question. Make sure that your conclusion is not a simple repetition of your thesis statement but rather a thoughtful reflection on the importance of your argument.

Remember, the key to a successful argumentative essay is to provide clear, well-supported arguments and address opposing views in a thoughtful and respectful manner.

Description

Learn about the essential elements of an argumentative essay, including thesis statement, claims and evidence, counterarguments, rebuttal, and conclusion. Understand how to craft a compelling argument by presenting your viewpoints with logical reasoning and supporting evidence.

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