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LIVING TRUST

What is an assignment of trust deed.

By Tom Streissguth

• What Is a Corporate Assignment of Deed of Trust?

If you own a home, you may have signed a trust deed that gives the mortgage lender a claim on the property. A default on the loan gives the lender the legal authority to foreclose on the loan and take possession of the house. An assignment of a trust deed conveys that claim to another party.

Considerations

Lenders have the right to sell their home loans. This can happen once or several times over the long life of a mortgage. The usual customers for mortgages are banks and other companies that are seeking safe and stable investment returns. This "secondary" market for mortgages is quite active, and a lender has plenty of opportunity to sell a mortgage and turn a profit. Read More: What Is a Corporate Assignment of Deed of Trust?

When a lender sells the loan, it assigns the trust deed to the buyer. “Assignment” means to convey a claim or a right to another party, known as the “assignee.” This is done by creating another legal document — the assignment of trust deed — and having it signed by both buyer and seller. The trust deed, and other documents associated with the loan, become the property of the buyer.

The assignment of trust deed is a short, usually single-page document. The body text gives the names of the deed buyer and the property owner, the date of the original trust deed, and the legal description of the property for which the original deed was executed. It may also give the terms of the deed sale. The seller signs and dates the document, and has it notarized. The buyer then has the assignment of trust deed recorded with the registrar of the county where the property is located.

A borrower has no legal right to block or negotiate the terms of an assignment of trust deed. The assignment does not affect the terms of the loan. The monthly payments remain the same, although the borrower will have to send them to a new address. The new owner of the trust deed becomes the lender and collects all mortgage payments, sometimes on its own and sometimes through a servicing company. If a default occurs, the latest assignee has the right to foreclose and repossess the home.

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Founder/president of the innovative reference publisher The Archive LLC, Tom Streissguth has been a self-employed business owner, independent bookseller and freelance author in the school/library market. Holding a bachelor's degree from Yale, Streissguth has published more than 100 works of history, biography, current affairs and geography for young readers.

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A Deed of Trust can be Assigned Apart from the Note, and that often occurs just before a foreclosure. But What Does That Mean? Not Much, the Deed of Trust is Inseparable from the Note

Notes and Deeds of Trust are often assigned to different parties. The question posed is what happens if the Deed of Trust alone is assigned ? A typical assignment of the Deed of Trust alone will purport to assign “all beneficial interest under that certain Deed of Trust dated xyz..” But the long-established law in California is clear: the beneficial interest under a Deed of Trust is held by the party who holds the Note (or is entitled to enforce it), without regard to the assignment of the Deed of Trust .

The subject was again addressed by the California Courts in Domarad v. Fisher & Burke, Inc. (1969) 270 Cal. App. 2d 543 ). The Court noted that a deed of trust is a mere incident of the debt it secures and that an assignment of the debt carries with it the security. “The deed of trust is inseparable from the debt and always abides with the debt, and it has no market or ascertainable value, apart from the obligation it secures and that a deed of trust has no assignable quality independent of the debt, it may not be assigned or transferred apart from the debt, and an attempt to assign the deed of trust without a transfer of the debt is without effect. (emph. added)”

In Stockwell v. Barnum ((1908) 7 Cal. App. 413) the Court stated that this Code “is wholly foreign to deeds of trust, which, instead of creating a lien only, as in the case of a mortgage, passes the legal title to the trustee, thus enabling him in executing the trust to transfer to the purchaser a marketable record title. It is immaterial who holds the note. The transferee of a negotiable promissory note, payment of which is secured by a deed of trust whereby the title to the property and power of sale in case of default is vested in a third party as trustee, is not an incumbrancer to whom power of sale is given…” Stockwell @ 417.

And more recently “it has been established since 1908 that this statutory requirement that an assignment of the beneficial interest in a debt secured by real property must be recorded in order for the assignee to exercise the power of sale applies only to a mortgage and not to a deed of trust.” ( Calvo v. HSBC Bank USA, N.A. (2011) 199 Cal.App.4th 118 , 122.)

Why is that? There is a technical difference between the two security instruments. The mortgage only involves two parties –the borrower who grants the power of sale to the lender, and the lender who then holds the beneficial interest in the mortgage plus the power of sale. A deed of trust, on the other hand, involves three parties: the borrower, the lender, and the trustee who is granted conditional title to the encumbered property as well as the power of sale.

Thus, the deed of trust may thus be assigned one or multiple times over the life of the loan it secures. But if the borrower defaults on the loan, only the current beneficiary may direct the trustee to undertake the nonjudicial foreclosure process. “[O]nly the ‘true owner’ or ‘beneficial holder’ of a Deed of Trust can bring to completion a nonjudicial foreclosure under California law.” Yvanova v. New Century Mortgage (62 Cal. 4th 919) (2016)

An Alternative The Commercial Code also provides a mechanism for recording an assignment of the security if there has been an off-record transfer of the note but no recorded assignment of the deed of trust or mortgage. The buyer of the note can record a copy of the transfer agreement whereby the note was acquired, together with a sworn statement that a default has occurred, and in that event may proceed with a nonjudicial foreclosure. ( Cal. Com. Code, § 9607, subd. (b))

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What is an Assignment of Trust Deed?

Assigning a deed of trust transfers it to a new lender.

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More Articles

•   1. How Can an Heir Take Title to a Deed That Has an Outstanding Mortgage?
•   2. Warranty Deed Vs. Deed of Trust
•   3. Types of Mortgage Instruments

A trust deed, formally known as a deed of trust, is used with mortgages in some states to streamline things in the event of foreclosure. As with normal mortgages, the lender may sometimes choose to assign, or transfer, the deed of trust to another lender. The assignment doesn't change the borrower's obligations under the deed of trust; she will be equally obligated to repay the new lender as well.

Deed of Trust

Mortgages using a deed of trust have the same legal effect as other types of mortgages: They allow a property buyer or owner to take out a loan that uses the property as security on that loan. But the deed of trust mortgage differs slightly by using a third party, the trustee, as part of the transaction. In order to secure the loan, the property owner transfers title in the property to the trustee via deed of trust. The trustee then holds the deed over the life of the mortgage.

Use of Deed

The trustee holds the deed of trust as evidence of his right to take title to the property on the lender's behalf if the borrower defaults, or fails to perform, on the loan. In a typical mortgage scenario, the lender must go to court for the right to foreclose on the property. In a deed of trust scenario, the lender gives the trustee the right to foreclose on the deed of trust by selling the property.

Assigning Trust Deeds

For financial benefit, lenders sometimes choose to sell their rights in deed of trust mortgages to other lenders. This process is known as assignment of the mortgage. Unless the language of the mortgage or deed of trust prohibits it, a lender may assign the deed of trust at any time over the life of the mortgage, and many mortgages go through several lenders over their lifetime.

Effect of Assignment

Assignment of a deed of trust will not affect the borrower's rights and obligations regarding the mortgage. The new lender will typically inform the borrower of the transfer, and the borrower may need to send mortgage payments to a new company, but otherwise, the assignment is not that significant from the borrower's end. If the borrower is unhappy about the assignment, she has several options: pay off the mortgage outright; take out a new mortgage with a different company in order to pay off the old one; or attempt to negotiate with the new lender to change the terms of the loan.

• Cornell Legal Information Institute: Deed of Trust
• U.S. Legal: Deed of Trust Law and Legal Definition
• StopForeclosureFraud.com: What Is an Assignment of Mortgage?
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Erika Johansen is a lifelong writer with a Master of Fine Arts from the Iowa Writers' Workshop and editorial experience in scholastic publication. She has written articles for various websites.

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Assignment of Deed of Trust (Commercial Real Estate Loan) (CA) | Practical Law

Assignment of Deed of Trust (Commercial Real Estate Loan) (CA)

Practical law standard document w-000-0792  (approx. 22 pages).

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Understanding the Assignment of Mortgages: What You Need To Know

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A mortgage is a legally binding agreement between a home buyer and a lender that dictates a borrower's ability to pay off a loan. Every mortgage has an interest rate, a term length, and specific fees attached to it.

Written by Attorney Todd Carney .  Updated November 26, 2021

If you’re like most people who want to purchase a home, you’ll start by going to a bank or other lender to get a mortgage loan. Though you can choose your lender, after the mortgage loan is processed, your mortgage may be transferred to a different mortgage servicer . A transfer is also called an assignment of the mortgage. 

No matter what it’s called, this change of hands may also change who you’re supposed to make your house payments to and how the foreclosure process works if you default on your loan. That’s why if you’re a homeowner, it’s important to know how this process works. This article will provide an in-depth look at what an assignment of a mortgage entails and what impact it can have on homeownership.

Assignment of Mortgage – The Basics

When your original lender transfers your mortgage account and their interests in it to a new lender, that’s called an assignment of mortgage. To do this, your lender must use an assignment of mortgage document. This document ensures the loan is legally transferred to the new owner. It’s common for mortgage lenders to sell the mortgages to other lenders. Most lenders assign the mortgages they originate to other lenders or mortgage buyers.

Home Loan Documents

When you get a loan for a home or real estate, there will usually be two mortgage documents. The first is a mortgage or, less commonly, a deed of trust . The other is a promissory note. The mortgage or deed of trust will state that the mortgaged property provides the security interest for the loan. This basically means that your home is serving as collateral for the loan. It also gives the loan servicer the right to foreclose if you don’t make your monthly payments. The promissory note provides proof of the debt and your promise to pay it.

When a lender assigns your mortgage, your interests as the mortgagor are given to another mortgagee or servicer. Mortgages and deeds of trust are usually recorded in the county recorder’s office. This office also keeps a record of any transfers. When a mortgage is transferred so is the promissory note. The note will be endorsed or signed over to the loan’s new owner. In some situations, a note will be endorsed in blank, which turns it into a bearer instrument. This means whoever holds the note is the presumed owner.

Using MERS To Track Transfers

Banks have collectively established the Mortgage Electronic Registration System , Inc. (MERS), which keeps track of who owns which loans. With MERS, lenders are no longer required to do a separate assignment every time a loan is transferred. That’s because MERS keeps track of the transfers. It’s crucial for MERS to maintain a record of assignments and endorsements because these land records can tell who actually owns the debt and has a legal right to start the foreclosure process.

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Assignment of Mortgage Requirements and Effects

The assignment of mortgage needs to include the following:

The original information regarding the mortgage. Alternatively, it can include the county recorder office’s identification numbers. 

The borrower’s name.

The mortgage loan’s original amount.

The date of the mortgage and when it was recorded.

Usually, there will also need to be a legal description of the real property the mortgage secures, but this is determined by state law and differs by state.

Notice Requirements

The original lender doesn’t need to provide notice to or get permission from the homeowner prior to assigning the mortgage. But the new lender (sometimes called the assignee) has to send the homeowner some form of notice of the loan assignment. The document will typically provide a disclaimer about who the new lender is, the lender’s contact information, and information about how to make your mortgage payment. You should make sure you have this information so you can avoid foreclosure.

Mortgage Terms

When an assignment occurs your loan is transferred, but the initial terms of your mortgage will stay the same. This means you’ll have the same interest rate, overall loan amount, monthly payment, and payment due date. If there are changes or adjustments to the escrow account, the new lender must do them under the terms of the original escrow agreement. The new lender can make some changes if you request them and the lender approves. For example, you may request your new lender to provide more payment methods.

Taxes and Insurance

If you have an escrow account and your mortgage is transferred, you may be worried about making sure your property taxes and homeowners insurance get paid. Though you can always verify the information, the original loan servicer is responsible for giving your local tax authority the new loan servicer’s address for tax billing purposes. The original lender is required to do this after the assignment is recorded. The servicer will also reach out to your property insurance company for this reason.  

If you’ve received notice that your mortgage loan has been assigned, it’s a good idea to reach out to your loan servicer and verify this information. Verifying that all your mortgage information is correct, that you know who to contact if you have questions about your mortgage, and that you know how to make payments to the new servicer will help you avoid being scammed or making payments incorrectly.

Let's Summarize…

In a mortgage assignment, your original lender or servicer transfers your mortgage account to another loan servicer. When this occurs, the original mortgagee or lender’s interests go to the next lender. Even if your mortgage gets transferred or assigned, your mortgage’s terms should remain the same. Your interest rate, loan amount, monthly payment, and payment schedule shouldn’t change. 

Your original lender isn’t required to notify you or get your permission prior to assigning your mortgage. But you should receive correspondence from the new lender after the assignment. It’s important to verify any change in assignment with your original loan servicer before you make your next mortgage payment, so you don’t fall victim to a scam.

Attorney Todd Carney

Attorney Todd Carney is a writer and graduate of Harvard Law School. While in law school, Todd worked in a clinic that helped pro-bono clients file for bankruptcy. Todd also studied several aspects of how the law impacts consumers. Todd has written over 40 articles for sites such... read more about Attorney Todd Carney

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Assignment of Deed of Trust and Note (Commercial) (NC)

This template is an assignment of deed of trust and note that may be used to assign and transfer an existing deed of trust on North Carolina real property from the current lender to a new lender. This template includes practical guidance and drafting notes. Assignment of deeds of trust should be recorded in the same place as the deed of trust was originally recorded, which is in the office of the county clerk in the county where the subject property is located. See N.C. Gen. Stat. § 47-20.1. With respect to formatting, North Carolina law states that the recorder's office may charge an additional fee if a document submitted for recording does not comply with the following requirements: • Be on 8.5 x 11 or 8.5 x 14 inch white paper • Contain legible print • Be in black ink typed or printed in a font size no smaller than 9 points • Have a three-inch blank margin at the top of the first page • Have blank margins of at least one-half inch on the remaining sides of the first page and on all sides of subsequent pages • Have text typed or printed on one side of a page only • Have the type of instrument identified at the top of the first page See N.C. Gen. Stat. § 161-14. Additionally, the name and address of the person who prepared and drafted the assignment should be printed on the first page. See N.C. Gen. Stat. § 47-17.1. For further information on recording requirements in North Carolina, see Commercial Real Estate Financing (NC). Promissory notes are negotiable instruments under the North Carolina Uniform Commercial Code. See N.C. Gen. Stat. § 25-3-104. A note should be assigned by indorsement, either to a named assignee or through an indorsement in blank in which the holder of the note is whoever is currently in possession of the note. An ""allonge"" stating ""pay to the order of"" may be attached to a promissory note to achieve an indorsement. See N.C. Gen. Stat. § 25-3-204. A separate assignment of the related deed of trust must be recorded in the county land records where the deed of trust was recorded. North Carolina courts have held that the promise to pay a deed of trust is also a promise to pay a promissory note secured by such deed of trust. However, the evidence of transfer is strictly construed, and particularly if there is a power of sale clause, separate documents should be prepared to assign the note and the deed of trust. See In re Foreclosure of a Deed of Tr. Executed by Hannia M. Adams & H. Clayton Adams, 204 N.C. App. 318, 693 S.E.2d 705 (2010). For a North Carolina allonge template, see Allonge to Note (Commercial) (NC). For further guidance on recording an assignment of deed of trust in North Carolina, see Commercial Real Estate Financing (NC). For further information on promissory notes, see Promissory Notes (Acquisition Loan). For information on the Uniform Real Property Electronic Recording Act, see Uniform Real Property Electronic Recording Act State Law Survey. See also N.C. Gen. Stat. § 47-16.4.

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