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63 PhD jobs in Mechanical Engineering

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PhD position (f/m/d): Pioneering simulations of offshore wind farm turbulence

Job descriptionWe are looking for a motivated PhD candidate to delve into flow dynamics in offshore wind farms, developing novel computer simulations. As the scale of wind turbines and farms expand...

PhD Position in Robotic System Integration for Musculoskeletal Robotic Hands

PhD Position in Robotic System Integration for Musculoskeletal Robotic HandsProject backgroundThe future of robotic manipulation lies in the development of systems that closely mimic the complex st...

Model-based robust design methodologies for composite pressure vessels

This research is hosted by the Mecha(tro)nic System Dynamics division (LMSD), counting more than 100 researchers and part of the department of Mechanical Engineering of KU Leuven. It boasts a rich ...

Doctoral students in industrial product realisation

Join the research profile GRACE aiming at accelerating the green transition in the manufacturing industry! We like to welcome you to Jönköping University, Shool of Engineering and our department of...

PhD Position: Nanotechnology for Gas Sensing

PhD Position: Nanotechnology for Gas SensingThe research of the Human-​centered Sensing Laboratory centers around physics, chemistry and medicine to gain new fundamental understanding in micro/nano...

PhD Position: Molecular sensor system engineering for food applications

PhD Position: Molecular sensor system engineering for food applicationsBy 2050, the United Nations expects the world population to grow to 9.7 billion people. Considering restricted fresh water and...

PhD student for the further development and validation of a novel sensor selection methodology for autonomous driving applications

Materials science and technology are our passion. With our cutting-edge research, Empa's around 1,100 employees make essential contributions to the well-being of society for a future worth living. ...

Doctoral Researcher (Learning and Control for Autonomous Robotics)

Tampere University and Tampere University of Applied Sciences create a unique environment for multidisciplinary, inspirational and high-impact research and education. Our universities community has its competitive edges in technology, health and s...

Robust design of optimal, manufacturable, linear solutions for (low frequency) vibration migration

The KU Leuven Mecha(tro)nic System Dynamics (LMSD) and the Campus Diepenbeek Polymer Processing & Engineering (PPE) groups are searching for a research engineer to join their team to work in the ch...

PhD-student: Non-Hermitian nano-optomechanical networks and their sensing performance

The Photonic Forces group seeks a motivated and talented PhD student working at the intersection of the fields of nano-optomechanics and topological physics. Nanomechanical resonators are versatile...

Doctoral student (lic.) in Production Engineering with focus in Circular Manufacturing Systems (CMS)

Project descriptionThird-cycle subject: Production EngineeringWe invite applications for a doctoral student in research on Circular Manufacturing Systems (CMS) and their implementation. The positio...

Doctoral student in Solid Mechanics

Project descriptionThird-cycle subject: Solid MechanicsWe are looking for a doctoral student to develop and validate numerical tools for examining the mechanical behaviour of fibre network material...

PhD on Digital product flow for circularity in modular construction

Position PhD-studentIrène Curie Fellowship NoDepartment(s) Industrial Engineering and Innovation SciencesFTE 1,0Date off 02/06/2024Reference number V39.7447Job descriptionYou will develop a peer to peer information system for data sharing across s...

PhD Student - Vakgroep Omgeving

Uiterste inschrijvingsdatum Oct 01, 2024 00:00Vakgroep/directie/dienst LA20 - Vakgroep OmgevingType contract Contract van bepaalde duurDiploma MSc in Mechatronics Engineering, Agriculture Engineering (not agronomy), Biosystems Engineering or Mecha...

Hollow-fiber membrane contactors for CO2 capture: design of a hydrodynamically optimized process

Offer DescriptionGeneral contextIncreasing emissions of greenhouse gases, of which carbon dioxide (CO2 ) accounts for around 65% (Bains, P. in 2017), contribute massively to global warming. In order to limit these emissions, it is necessary to cap...

PhD position in Mechanical Alignment Strategies for Photonic Integrated Circuits

Job descriptionA PhD position is available at the chair of Precision Engineering at the Faculty of Engineering Technology of the University of Twente.We are seeking a highly motivated PhD student t...

(PhD) Robust and accurate yield stress fluid flow with the extreme mesh deformation approach (X-MESH)

Offer DescriptionGeneral Context of the ResearchThis job offer is related to an ERC Synergy grant titled X-MESH (grant number 101071255) that started on the first of September 2023. The two PIs of this grant are Jean-François Remacle (UCLouvain) a...

PhD Student - Department of Environment

Last application date May 26, 2024 00:00Department LA20 - Department of EnvironmentContract Limited durationDegree MSc in Mechatronics Engineering, Agriculture Engineering (not agronomy), Biosystems Engineering or Mechanical Engineering.Occupancy ...

PhD Student - Department of Electromechanical, Systems and Metal Engineering

Last application date Jun 30, 2024 23:30Department TW08 - Department of Electromechanical, Systems and Metal EngineeringContract Limited durationDegree Master degree (or equivalent) in mechanical engineering or civil engineeringOccupancy rate 100%...

Doctoral scholarship holder objective and subjective assessments of the urban soundscape

Let’s shape the future - University of AntwerpThe University of Antwerp is a dynamic, forward-thinking, European university. We offer an innovative academic education to more than 20000 students, c...

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Best Doctorates in Mechanical Engineering: Top PhD Programs, Career Paths, and Salaries

Are you interested in becoming an expert in mechanical engineering? Use our comprehensive guide to the best PhDs in Mechanical Engineering to find the right school and program for you. In addition to all the essential details of each PhD in Mechanical Engineering program, we will also give you tips for getting accepted into your chosen program and how to pay for it.

In addition, you can explore your career options with our comprehensive career outlook for mechanical engineering PhD holders. We’ve included the best mechanical engineering jobs for experts in the field and the average PhD in Mechanical Engineering salary you can expect to make in each of these positions.

Find your bootcamp match

What is a phd in mechanical engineering.

A PhD in Mechanical Engineering is a terminal degree in the field of mechanical engineering, which is the study of the theory and practice of how machines work. With this degree, mechanical engineers acquire expert-level knowledge and skills to design, develop, and build mechanical and thermal systems.

The mechanical engineering profession also requires testing these systems to make sure they function optimally. Mechanical engineers apply the science of matter, energy, motion, and change to machines that improve our lives.

How to Get Into a Mechanical Engineering PhD Program: Admission Requirements

The requirements to get into a mechanical engineering PhD program vary. Some of the typical requirements for a PhD in Mechanical Engineering program include an online application and paying an application fee. Most likely you will also need to have earned a Bachelor’s Degree in Mechanical Engineering as a minimum education requirement. 

Most programs require that you submit a personal statement, an updated resume, and letters of recommendation. International students usually have to complete a TOEFL, an IELTS, or an equivalent English proficiency exam and earn a minimum score. Some schools have a residency requirement that may need to be considered when planning for your PhD program.

In addition, most schools have qualifying exams that you must pass, as well, and you must provide transcripts from previous education. Further, some programs require you to complete specific coursework before beginning your PhD program.

PhD in Mechanical Engineering Admission Requirements

• Online application
• Application fee
• Bachelor’s Degree in Mechanical Engineering or a related field
• Personal statement, updated resume, letters of recommendation
• TOEFL, IELTS, or equivalent with minimum score requirements (international students)

Mechanical Engineering PhD Acceptance Rates: How Hard Is It to Get Into a PhD Program in Mechanical Engineering?

It is fairly hard to get into a PhD program in mechanical engineering. Some schools are very strict when it comes to whom they will accept into their program. Entrance into mechanical engineering PhD programs requires a specific level of knowledge and skills, so there is a qualifying exam in most cases.

The good news is that if you have advanced knowledge and skills in mechanical engineering, and you strategically plan your application, you will have a much easier time getting accepted into engineering school .

How to Get Into the Best Universities

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Best PhDs in Mechanical Engineering: In Brief

Best universities for mechanical engineering phds: where to get a phd in mechanical engineering.

The best universities for mechanical engineering PhDs are reputable for preparing graduates to become experts in their field. Doctoral degree holders in mechanical engineering develop machines that have a positive impact on transportation, medicine, robotics, and climate change, among other fields critical to human health and happiness.  

If you’ve begun looking into where to get a PhD in Mechanical Engineering to acquire advanced engineering skills and knowledge, look no further. Here are 10 of the best PhDs in Mechanical Engineering and more details about the schools that offer them.

Arizona State University (ASU) was founded in 1886 and today provides over 450 graduate programs in higher education. The school offers 20 PhD degrees in engineering and among them is the mechanical engineering PhD. ASU reports that 91 percent of its graduates are employed 90 days after graduation. 

Since 2003, research at ASU has led to over 4,100 invention disclosures and more than 980 US patents. In addition, startups based on ASU intellectual property have resulted in more than $833 million in investment capital.

PhD in Mechanical Engineering

This is an 84-credit mechanical engineering program with qualifying exams and a comprehensive written exam, oral exam, prospectus, and dissertation in engineering fundamentals. This PhD in Mechanical Engineering can help you unlock career opportunities to become an engineer, engineering manager or director, engineering professor, or research engineer.

PhD in Mechanical Engineering Overview

• Program Length: Approximately 5 years
• Acceptance Rate: N/A
• Tuition and Fees: $858/credit (in state); $1,361/credit (out of state); $1,470/credit (international)
• PhD Funding Opportunities: Fellowships and awards, financial loans, teaching and research assistantships
• Graduate admissions application and application fee
• Bachelor's or master's degree
• Minimum cumulative GPA of 3.25 in master’s degree or last 60 hours of bachelor’s degree
• GRE or GMAT scores, personal statement, resume or curriculum vitae, three letters of recommendation, and educational transcripts
• Proof of English proficiency (international students)

Auburn University opened its doors in 1859, and the Samuel Ginn College of Engineering was established in 1908. Auburn provides many PhD degree programs, 10 of which are in engineering fields. The Samuel Ginn College of Engineering currently has 623 students enrolled in PhD programs.

This mechanical engineering doctorate requires course work of at least 60 credit hours over and above a bachelor’s degree, including a dissertation, with a minimum of 21 credit hours in course work at the 7000 to 8000 level. A minor of nine credits in an approved field is also required. You must submit a study plan, pass the written and oral qualifying exams, and submit a written dissertation and defend it successfully. 

• Program Length: Approximately 4-6 years
• Tuition and Fees: $949/credit
• PhD Funding Opportunities: Scholarships, financial loans, graduate teaching, research assistantships
• Bachelor’s or master’s degree
• GPA of 3.0 and minimum GRE score
• Three letters of recommendation and a statement of purpose
• Previous education transcripts

Established in 1946, Binghamton University offers 111 graduate programs of study. The school has 29 PhD programs available in a variety of subjects. The Thomas J. Watson College of Engineering and Applied Science provides a PhD in Mechanical Engineering. Binghamton University has over 700 research opportunities and 23 organized research centers. 

The PhD in Mechanical Engineering provided by the Thomas J. Watson College of Engineering and Applied Science requires 24 credits. Graduate students must choose an area of focus, such as design and manufacturing, solid mechanics, or dynamic systems. Students must develop a learning contract with an advisor and satisfy the qualifying exam requirement. 

Students must submit a prospectus and presentation of their proposed research and have it accepted by the guidance committee. There is also an oral presentation and defense of dissertation. In addition, the dissertation must be approved by the student's research committee. 

• Program Length: Approximately 3 years
• Tuition and Fees: $471/credit (in state); $963/credit (out of state)
• PhD Funding Opportunities: Financial loans, assistantships, fellowships and scholarships, opportunities for employment including federal graduate work study, opportunities for underrepresented students, research and travel funding, installment options
• Submit an online application and pay the $75 application fee (or seek a waiver)
• Send bachelor’s or master’s degree transcripts (minimum GPA of 3.0)
• Submit a personal statement, resume, three letters of recommendation, and GRE or GMAT scores (strongly recommended, or required for students pursuing a graduate assistantship)
• TOEFL, IELTS, or PTE scores (international students)

Boston University has 17 schools and colleges offering over 300 academic programs of study. It’s ranked number 13 for graduate employability in the US by Times Higher Education, and the school provides six different PhDs in Engineering. Boston University is a major private research university that has had breakthroughs in everything from African studies to zebrafish genetics. 

In order to graduate with this PhD in Mechanical Engineering, you must fulfill the teaching requirement. Students must also pass the qualifying examination, prepare and carry out independent and original research projects, and pass the final oral examination. 

This PhD in Mechanical Engineering provides research opportunities in various areas such as acoustics and vibrations, biomechanics, computational science and engineering, and dynamics, robotics, systems, and controls. 

• Program Length: 5 years (maximum)
• Acceptance Rate: 21-22%
• Tuition and Fees: $1,908/credit (part time); $61,050/year (full time)
• PhD Funding Opportunities: Dean’s fellowship, doctoral research assistantship, doctoral teaching fellowship, scholarships, institutional fellowships, external fellowships 
• Bachelor’s degree 
• Official or unofficial transcripts
• Online application and $95 application fee
• Statement of purpose, resume, and letters of recommendation
• English proficiency test scores (international students)

California Institute of Technology , or Caltech, was started in 1891 and today offers various graduate programs in 31 science and engineering degree options. Additionally, Caltech has 45 alumni and faculty who have won a total of 46 Nobel Prizes.

This doctorate program requires 54 core credits, 36 of which must be taken in a single track to meet the depth requirement. In addition, you must pass these with a minimum of a C grade. 

The remaining 18 core credits can be from any track. The remaining required credits are made up of electives or minor courses, advanced or applied mathematics courses, a graduate engineering seminar, and research.

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• Tuition and Fees: $56,364/year
• PhD Funding Opportunities: Fellowships, teaching and research assistantships, external fellowships, grants
• Bachelor's degree or equivalent
• Transcripts from each college or academic institution attended
• Three letters of recommendation, a CV, and a statement of purpose

Clarkson University was founded in 1896, and today is a private research university educating graduate students in the US. The school provides more than 95 programs of study in engineering, business, education, science, liberal arts, and health professions, including PhD degrees. Clarkson University says that 97 percent of its graduates have secured employment in their chosen field.

This program of study requires a 90-credit-hour minimum beyond the bachelor’s degree. This includes a minimum of 24 credit hours of coursework, six credit hours of seminar, and 60 credits earned in residence at Clarkson.

Coursework includes 15 credit hours in the major field, nine credit hours in the minor, and six credit hours from a department different from the one the student is housed in. Doctoral students also need at least two years of full‑time study at Clarkson and no more than 30 credit hours of graduate transfer (B grade or better). You must also pass the qualifying examination and research proposal defense examination, and a dissertation must be submitted and defended orally.

• Program Length: Approximately 3 to 5 years (with a 7-year maximum)
• Tuition and Fees: $ 1,533/credit
• PhD Funding Opportunities: Clarkson University's Payment Plan, federal student loans, alternative student loans, Income Share Agreement with Vemo Education, graduate assistantships, outside scholarships 
• Online application 
• Statement of purpose, two letters of recommendation
• Official transcripts of previous education
• International applicants must meet a minimum English proficiency score: TOEFL 80 points, IELTS 6.5 points, PTE 56 points, and Duolingo English Test 115 points

Johns Hopkins University is a private research university that opened in 1876 and established its school of engineering in 1912. The school provides PhD programs in many different areas, including anthropology, chemistry, and English. Johns Hopkins University awarded its first doctoral degree in 1878.

Students develop a technical program including coursework and research with the help of a faculty advisor. Graduate students must pass the Departmental Qualifying Exam, pass the Graduate Board Oral exam, submit a doctoral dissertation, and pass the final dissertation defense. 

• Program Length: 4-5 years
• Acceptance Rate: N/A 
• Tuition and Fees: $58,720/year
• PhD Funding Opportunities: Loans, assistantships, Dean’s Master’s Fellowships, internal fellowships, external fellowships
• Application and $25 application fee
• A statement of purpose
• Transcripts from previous educational institutions
• Three letters of recommendation
• TOEFL, IELTS, or iTEP (non-native English speakers)

Texas Tech University was established in 1923 and today has over 5,500 students enrolled in its Edward E. Whitacre Jr. College of Engineering. Texas Tech University provides mechanical engineering degrees and degrees in other major engineering fields such as electrical, computer science, industrial, manufacturing, and systems engineering. 

To receive this Texas Tech University PhD, students must complete 12 graduate lecture courses totaling 36 credits. Within the first two semesters of enrollment, two math and two concentration-area courses must be completed.

Additionally, six mechanical engineering courses must be completed, including the concentration area but excluding the required math courses. Students must complete one credit hour of graduate seminar (ME 5120). Leveling courses may apply if you have a bachelor’s in another field as the minimum education requirement.

You must submit a Degree Plan developed in collaboration with the PhD advisor by the end of the second semester of your doctoral studies. In addition, students must submit a qualified dissertation. 

• Acceptance Rate: Not available
• Tuition and Fees: $2,150/year (with teaching, research, or graduate part-time instructor assistantship) 
• PhD Funding Opportunities: Graduate, research, and teaching assistantships; graduate part-time instructor; scholarships; financial aid loans and grants

Doctor of Philosophy in Mechanical Engineering Admission Requirements

• Bachelor's degree
• Minimum GPA of 3.0
• TOEFL scores (international students)

University of Colorado Boulder started in 1877 and today offers over 4,300 academic courses across 150 fields of study. The University of Colorado Boulder conducts research in aerospace and space science, bio-health sciences, and climate, energy, and sustainability. 

The Paul M. Rady Department of Mechanical Engineering conducts research that has made an impact on the advancement of several fields such as materials science, thermo fluid, and biomedical sciences.

This mechanical engineering PhD from the Paul M. Rady Department of Mechanical Engineering requires a minimum of 30 credits at the 5000 level or higher. A minimum of nine courses must be mechanical engineering department courses.

It also includes two courses that all PhD students must complete: the Methods of Engineering Analysis I, worth three credits, and the Introduction to Research, worth three credits. Choose from seven focus areas that will guide your selection of courses and research.

Students must earn at least a B grade for courses to count toward their PhD and should earn at least a GPA of 3.0 to be eligible for graduation; however, the GPA requirement for teaching or research assistantships is 3.25. 

Students must pass the oral preliminary exam and a preliminary research oral exam. Students must complete the comprehensive exam between six and 12 months before defending their PhD dissertation, consisting of 30 dissertation hours. They also need to pass the dissertation defense successfully to qualify for the PhD degree. 

• Program Length: Approximately 4 years (with a 6-year maximum)
• Tuition and Fees: $2,715/credit (in state); $3,414/credit or $5,688/credit (out of state)
• PhD Funding Opportunities: Assistantships, fellowships, scholarships
• Complete the application online via the graduate school admissions website page and pay the application fee.
• Submit your curriculum vitae, personal statement, and three letters of recommendation.
• Provide transcripts for all previous post-secondary education.
• TOEFL, IELTS, or Duolingo scores for all international applications.

University of Michigan was started in 1817 and today provides 19 schools and colleges, with hundreds of majors and over 1000 student organizations for doctoral students to take advantage of. They offer doctoral degrees in mechanical engineering, aerospace engineering, and construction engineering and management, among other engineering fields.

This PhD degree is the highest qualification issued by the Mechanical Engineering Department and includes both research and coursework. Additionally, you must pass the qualifying examinations, advancement to candidacy, the dissertation proposal examination, and the written thesis dissertation and oral defense.

• Program Length: Approximately 4-5 years (with a 7- year maximum) 
• Acceptance Rate: N/A     
• Tuition and Fees: $14,558/term (full-time in state); $27,023/term (full-time out of state)
• PhD Funding Opportunities: Internal and external fellowships, assistantships, instructorships, graduate student staff assistant (GSSA) positions
• Bachelor’s degree
• Statement of purpose, personal statement, curriculum vitae, three letters of recommendation
• Transcripts from all previous educational institutions

Can You Get a PhD in Mechanical Engineering Online?

Yes, you can get a PhD in Mechanical Engineering online, but few programs are available. You may need to look outside mechanical engineering to find a PhD in engineering program online. Make sure that you adequately research the online PhD requirements. Depending on the school, there may be a need for you to go to campus for things like orientation, clinicals, internships, or practicum requirements.

Mechanical engineering graduate students’ online programs have various research opportunities. Thankfully, online degrees are also respected in the job market . Career opportunities with top companies become available once graduates have earned their PhD in Mechanical Engineering either online or on campus.

Best Online PhD Programs in Mechanical Engineering

How long does it take to get a phd in mechanical engineering.

It takes three to 10 years to get a PhD in Mechanical Engineering. The National Science Foundation states that most US students take around 7.2 years to graduate with a doctoral degree in mechanical engineering.

Most people complete the coursework in two to three years. However, the dissertation may take up to seven years to complete depending on how much time you dedicate to finishing it.

Is a PhD in Mechanical Engineering Hard?

Yes, a PhD in Mechanical Engineering is hard, even if you are good at and enjoy mathematics and science. A PhD is the highest level of education in the field so it requires a significant amount of research, time, and dedication. In addition, the field of mechanical engineering includes scientific and mathematical concepts that PhD mechanical engineering students will need to master to acquire their PhD degree.

How Much Does It Cost to Get a PhD in Mechanical Engineering?

It costs about $19,314 per year to get a PhD in Mechanical Engineering, according to the National Center for Education Statistics. This data further illustrates that the average cost of graduate degree programs in mechanical engineering at a private institute can reach as much as $25,929 and public institutions cost around $12,171 per year.

Costs to acquire a PhD in Mechanical Engineering will vary from school to school. There are also different costs for in-state and out-of-state students. Make sure to check out the costs associated with your PhD degree properly so that you can adequately plan or budget for your investment.

How to Pay for a PhD in Mechanical Engineering: PhD Funding Options

The PhD funding options that students can use to pay for a PhD in Mechanical Engineering include tuition waivers, teaching assistantships, research fellowships, scholarships, financial aid loans, and grants. In some cases these can completely pay for your PhD, making it essentially free. Many of these funding options are available for online learning too.

Some schools also offer income share agreements as an option. However, this option should be carefully considered as total payments may amount to more than the actual cost of your PhD degree.

Note that there are various options available that will vary by school. There are also multiple options of funding for students available depending on your circumstances, for example, low-income families and international students.

Best Online Master’s Degrees

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What Is the Difference Between a Mechanical Engineering Master’s Degree and PhD?

The difference between a mechanical engineering master’s degree and a PhD is that a PhD, or doctoral degree, can be attained after acquiring your master’s degree. A master’s degree is more career-oriented, and a PhD is more research-oriented. As a result, a master’s may mean that you have more job opportunities. However, a PhD means that you are an expert in your field.

A master’s is quicker to acquire than a PhD, but obtaining a PhD also means being bestowed the title of doctor. A Master’s in Mechanical Engineering will most likely cost less than a PhD in Mechanical Engineering. However, PhD in Mechanical Engineering is more desirable than a master’s degree in professions such as teaching at higher education institutions, for research, and in clinical settings.

Master’s vs PhD in Mechanical Engineering Job Outlook

A job outlook of 7 percent growth is projected for jobs such as mechanical engineers with a Master’s Degree in Mechanical Engineering, according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics. The BLS also reports that a career such as a post-secondary teacher, which typically requires a PhD, has a job outlook of 12 percent . As such, having a mechanical engineering PhD will offer you more career opportunities than just a master’s degree will.

Difference in Salary for Mechanical Engineering Master’s vs PhD

A Master’s in Mechanical Engineering, according to PayScale, comes with an average salary of $89,000 . Entry-level jobs may start with salaries of about $62,000. Wiith experience and a proven track record, you may reach a high-paying wage of about $98,509 per year.

A PhD in Mechanical Engineering degree holder has an average salary of $110,000 . This means that a PhD represents earning an average of about $20,000 more per year than a master’s degree. Entry-level positions may start at around $52,000, but with experience and a proven track record, you could earn as much as $130,000.

Related Mechanical Engineering Degrees

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Why You Should Get a PhD in Mechanical Engineering

You should get a PhD in Mechanical Engineering because there areexcellent benefits that come with this degree. Benefits, aside from being bestowed the designation of doctor and being an expert in your field, include high-paying salaries and research opportunities. Let’s have a closer look below.

Reasons for Getting a PhD in Mechanical Engineering

• Higher-paying salaries and possible tenure. With a PhD in Mechanical Engineering, graduates can acquire higher-paying salaries that may come with academic tenure or research tenure. This means you can get above-average wages and, with tenure, a certain amount of job security provided that you comply with the defined terms and conditions.
• Expert-level knowledge and skills. A PhD or doctoral degree is the highest qualification you can acquire in any field. As a result, you accumulate in-depth knowledge and skills that few others possess unless they too have obtained a PhD degree.
• Increased job opportunities. Having a PhD in Mechanical Engineering will increase job opportunities because it is the highest qualification you can acquire. As a result, there will be few jobs in your industry that you won’t qualify for. You will be a prime candidate with an edge over other applicants for a wide range of positions.
• Opportunities to make an impact in your industry. Having experience in research, and continuing with research after acquiring your PhD degree, will afford you the benefit of valuable contribution to cutting-edge research areas in your chosen industry. Being a part of these research opportunities means making valuable, or even revolutionary, discoveries and conclusions that may affect valuable change in your field.

Getting a PhD in Mechanical Engineering: Mechanical Engineering PhD Coursework

The coursework options for getting a PhD in Mechanical Engineering cover a widely varied scope of topics, and knowing what to look for may seem overwhelming for some. However, as this is a technical field of study, prospective students can be sure that there are specific coursework requirements across all programs. Below is a list of topics typically included in mechanical engineering PhD coursework.

Mechanical Design

Mechanical design coursework introduces concepts like computational approaches that automatically generate mechanical designs via predefined parameters. Additionally, you will learn about multi-material mechanical design, relating to topics in the design process, and computational analysis tools based on mechanical simulation, among others.

Thermodynamics

Thermodynamics coursework introduces basic laws of thermodynamics. Students will develop a body of knowledge about entropy, thermodynamic properties of substances and mixtures, phase equilibrium, and transformations. Course content also includes the basic phase diagram and related physical and mechanical properties.

In this course you will learn about energy’s fundamental principles and experimental electrochemistry techniques as well as the fundamentals in iconic and electronic conduction of metal. It will help students understand different semiconductors, inorganics, and polymer materials and their applications pertaining to batteries, fuel cells, electrochemical capacitors and photonics, sensors, and semiconductor electrochemistry.

This kind of course covers everything about materials mechanics, including crystalline and non-crystalline materials, as well as basic solid mechanics concepts, stress concentration and materials failures, stress and strain sensing principles, and sensors.

Coursework may include learning about polymer chain formation, configuration, and basic structures; crystalline and amorphous states of polymers; and solution and phase behavior of polymers.

Fluid Dynamics

Learn about the physical properties of gasses and liquids and the kinematics of flow fields. Analyze viscous, heat-conducting Newtonian fluids, stress and surface-tension-driven flow and capillary effects. Among the other topics covered are vorticity and circulation, and ideal fluid flow theory in two and three dimensions.

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How to Get a PhD in Mechanical Engineering: Doctoral Program Requirements

Although there are some common steps and requirements for earning a mechanical engineering PhD degree, many doctoral program requirements will vary by school and PhD program. Check the specific graduation requirements of the school and the program before applying to learn how to get a PhD in Mechanical Engineering.

This will help ensure that you are informed of and prepared to fulfill all of the criteria required for your career path in advanced mechanical engineering. That being said, below you can find typical doctoral requirements for engineering disciplines.

Every PhD degree in mechanical engineering has specific course and credit requirements. Each program allows a particular number of credits that can be transferred from previous degrees or courses completed. Additionally, most PhD programs have specific courses that must be included in the program you develop with your PhD academic advisor. 

Graduate students must also maintain a minimum GPA, and some programs have a certain number of seminars you must attend, which also varies by school and program. Some programs require a higher GPA for assistantships, so ensure you check what is required to qualify if you intend to apply for these as part of your plan to fund your PhD. 

Most PhD programs require a degree plan of study to be submitted within a specific timeframe of the program, and some programs state that you must finish the coursework within a certain amount of time.

The preliminary exams, in most cases, are to assess competency in both mechanical engineering and research processes and concepts. Some have to be done within a specific timeframe and may be conducted orally.

Some coursework has to be completed before you are permitted to take the exam, and most programs offer a limited number of attempts to pass the exam. Failing means being denied your PhD degree.

Some PhD in Mechanical Engineering programs require a teaching practicum. A teaching practicum requires graduate students to act as teaching assistants for several semesters. The graduate chair usually determines the requirements for these practicums.

The comprehensive exams may be oral or written and must be taken a certain number of weeks or months before a dissertation or thesis defense. Some schools demand that several research articles be submitted to academic journals as part of this requirement.

The exam, in most cases, is to assess the graduate student's knowledge and ascertain whether a student's research project is original, creative work and will make a noted impact in the field. This includes whether it will qualify for publication in appropriate peer-reviewed journals. This phase of the program serves as a gateway to the last stage, including completing the dissertation and program.

The thesis or dissertation usually requires a certain number of credit hours. It should be original work based on an original and creative topic. Some schools have a certain number of dissertation hours that may be acquired in a semester, so planning is vital. Some dissertations require that the student is enrolled full time for a certain number of dissertation hours.

Most schools have a dissertation or graduate handbook that lays out specific requirements for how to write and present your dissertation. Once the dissertation has been completed, you need to notify the committee that you intend to defend your dissertation, and it may need to be approved before you can proceed.

Once approved, you are set to attend your dissertation defense. Once completed, you may be approved by the committee, meaning you have completed your PhD successfully and are now the official holder of a PhD in Mechanical Engineering.

Potential Careers With a Mechanical Engineering Degree

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PhD in Mechanical Engineering Salary and Job Outlook

A PhD in Mechanical Engineering salary ranges between $79,000 and $130,000. Job outlooks over the next five years or so range between 5 and 12 percent in growth, and the number of jobs ranges from 28,000 to 1,276,900. This means that securing employment in your chosen career in mechanical engineering is an achievable career goal.

What Can You Do With a PhD in Mechanical Engineering?

With a PhD in Mechanical Engineering, you can work in various industries, including aerospace engineering and mechanics, materials and metals, chemicals, and fast-moving consumer goods. Career choices include jobs like research scientist, senior software engineer, or training and development manager.

Best Jobs with a PhD in Mechanical Engineering

• Petroleum engineers
• Training and development managers
• Senior mechanical engineers
• Research scientists
• Senior software engineers

What Is the Average Salary for a PhD in Mechanical Engineering?

The average salary for a PhD in Mechanical Engineering degree holder is $110,000, according to PayScale. Based on this data, salaries may start at around $52,000 on the low end and reach as much as $300,000 in the most senior positions, like chief executive officer (CEO).

Highest-Paying Mechanical Engineering Jobs for PhD Grads

Best mechanical engineering jobs with a doctorate.

The best mechanical engineering jobs with a doctorate come with excellent salaries, and they represent varied specializations and industries. On top of that, the best states to work in represent various parts of our beautiful country. Let’s have a closer look at these career options.

Petroleum engineers design and develop ways to remove oil and gas from underground deposits. They manage the drilling operations. They monitor efficiencies in drilling systems and create new tools to enhance the extraction of these materials. A PhD in Mechanical Engineering will also allow you to consider careers within academia and research and development in the petroleum engineering field. 

• Salary with a Mechanical Engineering PhD: $130,850
• Job Outlook: 8% job growth from 2020 to 2030
• Number of Jobs: 28,500
• Highest-Paying States: New Jersey, Alaska, California, Texas, Florida

Training and development managers create plans, coordinate, and develop skills through knowledge-enhancement programs for businesses and employees. They are required to manage budgets and collaborate with other departments to determine a company's learning and development needs. This may include managing research and development tasks to improve efficiencies and achievements within the business and its staff. 

• Salary with a Mechanical Engineering PhD: $120,130
• Job Outlook: 11% job growth from 2020 to 2030
• Number of Jobs: 42,100
• Highest-Paying States: New York, New Jersey, California, Colorado, Massachusetts

Industrial production managers oversee the operations of manufacturing and related teams. They coordinate, plan, and manage these teams in producing goods like cosmetics, toys, and cars. They are responsible for managing and achieving the associated targets and budgets, making their job a crucial aspect of any profitable business in manufacturing products.

• Salary with a Mechanical Engineering PhD: $103,150
• Job Outlook: 5% job growth from 2020 to 2030
• Number of Jobs: 189,300
• Highest-Paying States: New Jersey, Colorado, Delaware, Massachusetts, New Hampshire

Mechanical engineers use the knowledge and skills developed by gaining their PhD in Mechanical Engineering to research, design, develop, and build mechanical and thermal sensors. This includes designing, developing, and building devices, tools, engines, and machines. Testing and analyzing systems to optimize efficiency is another vital aspect of this profession.

• Salary with a Mechanical Engineering PhD: $95,300
• Job Outlook: 7% job growth from 2020 to 2030
• Number of Jobs: 299,200
• Highest-Paying States: New Mexico, Louisiana, District of Columbia, California, Alaska

Postsecondary teachers work at higher education institutes such as colleges and universities. Mechanical engineering doctoral degree holders educate students enrolled in mechanical engineering degree programs. Responsibilities include assessing and grading. In addition, teachers do research to incorporate cutting-edge technologies and related information to maintain industry-relevant materials and knowledge within the curriculum.

• Salary with a Mechanical Engineering PhD: $79,640
• Job Outlook: 12% job growth from 2020 to 2030
• Number of Jobs: 1,276,900
• Highest-Paying States: Alaska, New York, Utah, California, New Jersey

Is a PhD in Mechanical Engineering Worth It?

Yes, a PhD in Mechanical Engineering is worth it. Although most jobs for mechanical engineers require at most a master’s degree, some do require a PhD, like becoming a university professor.

However, benefits of having a PhD in Mechanical Engineering include increased employability and avoiding unemployment, higher-paying salaries, expertise-level knowledge in your field, strong technical skills, and the distinguished title of doctor.

Additional Reading About Mechanical Engineering

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PhD in Mechanical Engineering FAQ

Yes, you can get a good job in mechanical engineering without a PhD degree. Most jobs in mechanical engineering require a master’s degree at most. However, having a PhD will increase your chances for advancement.

Yes, you can work remotely with a PhD in Mechanical Engineering. In fact, there are numerous jobs available online for candidates with degrees at the doctoral level.

You can find PhD in Mechanical Engineering jobs on trusted job boards like Indeed, Glassdoor, and LinkedIn. You can also network with your school’s program partners and other professionals in the industry. You can also look online for lists of the best companies hiring mechanical engineers to discover the top employers in the field.

Yes, a bootcamp technical certificate can help you get a mechanical engineering job at some of the world’s top global companies like Amazon, Google, and Facebook.

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PhD in Mechanical Engineering

The primary objective of the PhD degree program is to educate students to the highest levels of their chosen field to enable them to make lasting impacts to fundamental knowledge, technology, and society through research. PhD students are expected to become domain experts and complete research that can withstand the rigorous test of external peer review.

We offer funding to all PhD applicants whom we admit. Our department anticipates extending full funding to about 70 Fall 2024 PhD applicants. Funding includes:

• a graduate student salary,
• tuition remission,
• mandatory student fees, and
• 91% health insurance coverage.

In your first year, you will be funded by the department as a Teaching Assistant (TA) for one semester and as a Research Assistant (RA) for the other semester, which enables you to find a research lab and to practice working in a classroom setting. Faculty with alternate sources of funding may petition the department to waive the TA requirement for first year students in their lab. In your second year and beyond, you will be funded by a research advisor as an RA or through other fellowships, pending reasonable research progress and academic performance. If your research advisor has a funding gap, they can apply to the department for gap funding. This way, students have a safety net so that they can continue to be funded throughout their PhD program.

For information about applying to the PhD program, please visit  PhD Admission  or email [email protected] .

PhD Degree Overview

• Research Focus Areas
• PhD Curriculum
• Application Deadlines

At the time of application, PhD students choose from  seven focus areas  to guide their selection of courses and research. Within each area, PhD students have access to top experts in their field and conduct research that has direct impact on human health and safety, the environment, and technology development. They work alongside and learn directly from faculty members doing both fundamental and applied research that harnesses state-of-the-art experimental, theoretical, and computational approaches to expand the frontiers of technology in the following areas:

• Air Quality
• Mechanics of Materials
• Micro/Nanoscale
• Robotics and Systems Design
• Thermo Fluid Sciences

Please review our  Research Overview Slides  for a quick look at faculty members and their unique capabilities and areas of expertise. 

Research Overview Slides

PhD Courses Requirement

PhD students must complete a minimum of 30 graduate-level credits at the 5000 level or higher. Of these 30 credits, at least nine must be mechanical engineering department courses. All PhD students are required to take the following courses:

• MCEN 5020: Methods of Engineering Analysis (3 credits)
• MCEN 5030: Introduction to Research (3 credits)

Note: Some faculty research advisors will require that their students complete more than 30 course credits. The department recommends that students consult with both their graduate program advisor and faculty research advisor for guidance on coursework recommendations or requirements.

Mathematical Proficiency Requirement

All PhD students are required to take MCEN 5020 Methods of Engineering Analysis and to pass with a grade of B- or higher. Students receiving a grade below B- in MCEN 5020 must retake the course. PhD students will not be able to advance to post-prelim status until the mathematical proficiency requirement has been completed. Failure to complete this requirement by the end of the second year of the PhD may result in removal from the PhD program.

Dissertation Hour Requirement

​In addition to coursework, you are required to complete 30 dissertation hours. Students are not able to register for thesis credits on their own and should schedule an appointment with their graduate advisor to be registered. Students must continuously enroll in five dissertation credits in the semesters following passing the comprehensive exam.

Fundamental Topics Preliminary Exam

All PhD students must successfully pass the fundamental topics preliminary exam , which is intended to assess the potential to successfully complete a PhD in mechanical engineering. It is designed to evaluate analytical skills, appraise knowledge of mechanical engineering fundamentals, and to gauge potential for creative independent research. The exam requires students to consolidate their grasp of the fundamentals of mechanical engineering and to demonstrate an aptitude for communicating knowledge during an oral presentation. The content of the examination reflects consensus across the department faculty. The examination is administered by the Graduate Committee, acting on behalf of the entire faculty.

Research Preliminary Exam

The research preliminary exam is an oral presentation of research to a committee of three that must include a PhD student’s research advisor and at least one other faculty member from mechanical engineering. Students should view this as an early thesis proposal. At least one week prior to the exam, students must send a 250-word presentation abstract, including title and any relevant references, to all committee members. 

Comprehensive Examination

Students must complete a comprehensive exam between 6 and 12 months prior to defending their PhD dissertations. At the time of the comprehensive exam, the dissertation committee will be formed and given preliminary approval by the Department and Graduate School. A mechanical engineering PhD degree requires depth of knowledge in the dissertation/research area, as well as breadth of knowledge across the mechanical engineering curriculum. Consequently, the comprehensive exam is designed to test student knowledge of their proposed research area, and any general knowledge in the field. It is also intended to evaluate whether a student’s proposed research project is original and creative work, whether it will make a significant impact in the field, and whether it will qualify for publication in quality peer-reviewed journals. The exam is also an opportunity to demonstrate an ability to present scientific concepts orally. In short, the comprehensive exam serves as the gateway to the next phase of the doctoral program: completion of a dissertation.

Written Dissertation

The written dissertation must comply with Graduate School rules and procedures in terms of format and submission. The dissertation title appears on official university transcripts and must be submitted to the Graduate School in addition to the physical signature page from the dissertation. Students are also required to submit the full written dissertation electronically at the ProQuest website .

• Dissertation Defense

Before completion of the PhD degree, students must have their dissertation accepted for defense by the review committee. The dissertation defense may occur before or after the final electronic submission of the written dissertation to the Graduate School, but must take place prior to the end of the final semester of enrollment. Students must then pass a dissertation defense, which is a final examination on the dissertation and related topics. In the defense, students are expected to explain their research clearly and concisely, and to discuss how it relates to other research in the field. This is an opportunity for recognition of completed doctoral work. It is also an opportunity for discussion and formal evaluation of the dissertation.

We accept PhD applications from applicants not currently enrolled at CU Boulder for the  fall term only . To receive full consideration, please submit all application items by the following deadlines:

• International applicant deadline:  December 1  by 10:00 p.m. MST
• Domestic applicant deadline:  December 15  by 10:00 p.m. MST

In limited cases, external PhD applications may be accepted and reviewed for the spring semester. Typically, these applicants are transfer students who have already identified a CU PhD advisor. In such instances, the graduate advising team should be consulted at  [email protected]  prior to applying. Applicants in this scenario should plan to ensure the submission of all required application documents as soon as possible and no later than one month prior to the anticipated semester of beginning their studies at CU Boulder.

What should be in my application? | Paul M. Rady Mechanical Engineering | University of Colorado Boulder

Learn About our Faculty

• Traits Faculty Value in Prospective PhD Students
• Innovation, Industry, and Research Collaborations
• Learn More about Faculty Research

When surveyed, faculty shared that the following traits are valuable in prospective PhD students: 

• Interest in hands-on learning
• Enthusiasm and grit
• Research experience
• Creativity and independence
• Intellectual curiosity
• Dependability
• Willingness to try new things
• Work experience is a plus
• Publications are a bonus
• Dedication to lab goals
• Ability to connect past knowledge with new areas of inquiry
• Understanding how the science we generate in our research is relevant for policy and how it readily impacts local communities

Venture Partners at CU Boulder  notes that the University of Colorado has ranked fifth for startup creation , according to the latest report by the Association of University Technology Manager (AUTM).

The National Academy of Inventors (NAI)  has ranked  the CU system 14th among the “Top 100” institutions nationwide for recent patent activity. 

Boulder is also home to a variety of well-known companies and labs doing research and development. Our faculty researchers and their research groups regularly collaborate with scientists at federal research labs that are located in the Boulder/Denver area, including the following:

• National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR)
• National Institute for Standards and Technology (NIST)
• National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)
• National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL)

When surveyed, mechanical engineering research faculty indicated the following level of industry involvement throughout their academic careers:

You can also watch a comprehensive overview of the research happening in our department, presented by our faculty:

• Research in Air Quality and Thermofluids
• Research in Biomedical, Robotics, and Design
• Research in Materials, Mechanics, and MicroNano

Frequently Asked Questions

• Is a PhD in mechanical engineering worth it?
• What can I do with a PhD in mechanical engineering?
• Why pursue a PhD in mechanical engineering versus a specific engineering program?
• What differentiates CU Boulder's mechanical engineering program from others?
• How long will it take to get my degree?
• What are current students saying about the program?
• What are alumni saying about the program?

Yes! Graduates conduct impactful research with a direct influence on human health, safety, environmental sustainability, and technological advancement. The program prioritizes cutting-edge tier-one research, supported by state-of-the-art facilities. CU Boulder's top-ranked mechanical engineering programs provide guidance through research and teaching assistantships, fostering a collaborative environment. The diverse research focus areas and the opportunity to engage with field experts make pursuing a PhD in mechanical engineering at CU Boulder rewarding and impactful.

Mechanical engineers holding a PhD enjoy a spectrum of possibilities. They can pioneer startups derived from their research, secure patents for groundbreaking technologies, conduct research in national labs and diverse industries, engage in teaching roles, or work globally in prestigious research institutes.

We surveyed faculty members to gain insights into the diverse career trajectories of mechanical engineering PhD graduates. The resulting data presents an approximate distribution of pursuits among our PhD graduates:

Academia: 28.9% Industry R&D: 38.5% Consulting: 6.7% Nonprofits: 5.7% National Labs: 15.8% Their own start-ups: 4.0% Other: 0.6%

Prospective students are encouraged to connect with faculty for in-depth insights and explore unique program opportunities.

A PhD in mechanical engineering offers versatility in the job market, enabling professionals to work in renewable energy, biomechanics, air quality, robotics, project management, construction, and more. Choosing mechanical engineering allows exploration across multiple areas of interest, facilitating interdisciplinary research and collaboration. It can be a practical choice for individuals transitioning from related backgrounds, providing flexibility in research focus and professional outcomes.

Our program fosters adaptability, empowering students for various career paths—academia, industry research, consulting, nonprofits, national laboratories, startups, and more. CU Boulder's Mechanical Engineering provides a strong foundation for diverse and fulfilling career journeys.

Additionally, our program stands out for its diverse class offerings that align with individual interests and goals. The program emphasizes collaboration, offering numerous avenues for students to work with different lab groups, industries, and national labs. This collaborative environment enhances research opportunities and post-graduation prospects. 

We also cultivate a strong sense of community among our graduate students. PhD students gather on a regular basis for community events such as the fall picnic, heritage feast, spring picnic, a summer Pride event, and coffee hours. Our students have advocated for emergency funds for students and have also launched an active K-12 outreach program. Additionally, PhD students have impacted graduate program decision-making and policies by having representation and a voice on the graduate committee.

A PhD student entering without prior graduate coursework will typically take five years to complete the PhD degree. However, it is not uncommon for students to finish both earlier and later than this five-year average. A student entering the PhD program with prior graduate coursework from another university may be eligible to transfer up to 21 credit hours to CU and may be finish in about four years. Regardless of the time taken to complete the PhD, the primary emphasis is on remaining at CU Boulder long enough to complete high-quality research that satisfies the requirements of the PhD dissertation and defense. 

What do mechanical engineers with a PhD do?

• One of the coolest things about getting a PhD in mechanical engineering is that you can choose to go into almost any field! Some PhD students will spin a startup company off their research ideas; some will patent new technologies, and some will teach in lecture halls with over 300 students. There is no limit to the opportunities available to you with a PhD in mechanical engineering. - Liv F.
• Mechanical engineers can do all sorts of different things. I have PhD friends who are working on diagnostic blood testing, others studying human motion and prosthetics, and others studying atmospheric science and laser systems. I work at the confluence of robotics, AI, and neuroscience. - Gene R.

​Why mechanical engineering versus a specific program?

 Mechanical engineering is a great degree because you can use it to work in many different fields. Whether you are interested in renewable energy, biomechanics, air quality, robotics, project management, construction, or a number of other things, you’ll be able to pursue a career in those fields using your knowledge and background in mechanical engineering. - Liv F.

I chose mechanical engineering because it was easier for me to continue that course (my BS and MS were in ME) and get accepted into an ME program than CS, for example. -Gene R.

What differentiates CU Boulder’s mechanical engineering program from others?

• I think one of the great things about the CU mechanical engineering program is the variety of classes that are offered; you can almost always find a class that aligns well with your interests and goals. -Liv F.
• We have a lot of collaboration within the department, and across departments, relative to other schools. - Gene R.
• I am using my degree as an excuse to move to a different country and work at a massive research institute called Max Planck! The world seems one degree smaller within the research realm and it makes it so much easier to make connections around the world/ work with a variety of different people. - Vani S.
• There are several options for PhDs. Common paths are to pursue a career in academia, secure a role in industry or government lab, or create a startup to commercialize your research. I chose to pursue the 3rd option and co-founded a company with several other people from our lab. It’s been a great experience and opportunity. Like a PhD, this path is full of new challenges and opportunities to grow. - Eric A.

ME is perfect for the individual who likes to dip into multiple different areas of interest. I gravitated toward the ME program because I had a biomechanics background, but I wanted to become more knowledgeable in robotics. By not doing a specific program, I was able to explore both fields through my research and work with people who specialized in both robotics and biomechanics. - Vani S. 

Mechanical engineering is interesting because it’s so broad and deals with many different topics. There are always new things to learn and opportunities to synthesize knowledge from different disciplines. I really enjoy the physical and tangible aspects of mechanical engineering, which is why I studied soft robotics and actuators. - Eric A.

• There are many different avenues for collaboration when completing a PhD at CU Boulder. I worked with five different lab groups during my graduate career, and I was able to complete a 7-month internship with Meta one year prior to my defense. Several students in my year were able to work with other industries and national labs to complete their research, many of whom hired the students post-graduation. Vani S.
• Generally, location and opportunities for outdoor recreation are a big differentiator for CU Boulder. Academically, the mechanical engineering program offers unique opportunities. Robotics and soft materials are rapidly growing disciplines. The department has recruited key faculty in this area, and there are opportunities to collaborate with other departments, such as computer science, electrical engineering, and aerospace. You also have access to several resources that will help you commercialize your research if you’re interested in starting a business. CU Boulder actually has one of the highest rates for startup creation in the nation. There are many resources through the College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Leeds School of Business, and Venture Partners to help you pursue that path. - Eric Ac.

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What to Do With a Mechanical Engineering Degree

Jobs for mechanical engineers exist in many sectors, ranging from aviation to manufacturing.

The Many Jobs for Mechanical Engineers

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Mechanical engineers are typically excellent at analyzing and explaining complicated issues.

Understanding how and why machines work isn't necessarily intuitive. Some devices that seem simple on the surface, such as conveyor belts, actually rely on intricate technology and precise handiwork.

A mechanical engineering degree teaches someone how to build contraptions with moving parts, ranging from little objects like watches to enormous vehicles like space shuttles. Robot-building teams often include mechanical engineers, and medical device manufacturing also involves mechanical engineering.

"It really is pretty hard to think of something that exists in the world that a mechanical engineer hasn't had a hand in designing," says Robert Hurlston, chief engineer and co-founder with Fidelis Engineering Associates, a Michigan-based engineering consultancy.

What Is Mechanical Engineering?

Hurlston, who has a doctorate in nuclear engineering, says the distinction between mechanical engineering and other areas of engineering is that it tends to focus on moving objects like cars and planes as opposed to stationary objects like bridges and buildings.

Karen Ohland, president of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers, explains that mechanical engineering is a fundamental component of the engineering field as a whole. "It's one of the oldest engineering professions. Many of the other branches of engineering have come out of that - biomedical and chemical and aerospace all have at their core mechanical engineering."

The goal of mechanical engineering, she says, is "creating something that never existed before" in order to solve a problem.

Recent federal legislation aimed at increasing domestic production of semiconductor chips and encouraging the development and use of environmentally friendly technology will likely drive up the need for mechanical engineers, experts say.

Evelyn N. Wang, the department head in the mechanical engineering department at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology School of Engineering , says mechanical engineers help make autonomous vehicles and other cutting-edge devices, not just traditional fuel-based cars.

"Our major is much more broad than that now," she says. "It's really evolved, and it's becoming very interdisciplinary."

While mechanical engineers may design internal combustion engines or build gears for common gadgets, they could also help to create devices that are invisible to the naked eye or build massive objects such as power plants, Wang says.

"The emergence of data science" has increased the number and variety of job options for mechanical engineers, says Allen Robinson, a former head of the mechanical engineering department at Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh who is now director of the university's Africa division.

Combining "machine learning" with engineering can help address a wide range of formidable technical problems, "from water desalination to gene expression," says Robinson, who has a doctorate in mechanical engineering.

Mechanical engineering as a field is increasingly popular among women, many of whom choose to study it in order to come up with technological solutions to major global problems like climate change, Wang says. "Times have changed," she says. "This is not a degree just for men. In fact, at MIT, we have 50% women pursuing the degree at the undergraduate level."

Jobs for People With Mechanical Engineering Degrees

Problem-solving and clear communication skills are emphasized in mechanical engineering programs.

Joe Heaney, president of both Lotus Biosecurity, a company that develops sanitation technology solutions, and New York Energy and Environmental company, which focuses on energy-efficient construction projects, notes that individuals with mechanical engineering degrees are well-suited for technical sales positions that involve explaining and customizing a technology firm's products for prospective clients.

Mechanical engineers are also involved with research and development at many scientific laboratories, according to Heaney, who earned his bachelor's degree in mechanical engineering from Johns Hopkins University in Maryland.

"Traditionally, mechanical engineering graduates have often gone into manufacturing, helping to design many of the home products and appliances that we use on a daily basis," Bala Balachandran, chair of the mechanical engineering department at the University of Maryland's A. James Clark School of Engineering , wrote in an email.

"With the emergence of advanced technologies, the door is now open for mechanical engineers to become involved in nanotech – for instance, in designing medicines and devices that work at a very tiny scale," says Balachandran, who has a doctorate in engineering mechanics. "In addition, mechanical engineers are playing a major role in areas like robotics, whose applications extend across a number of domains. Industrial AI is another area that comes to mind."

Robert Rabb, associate dean for education at the Pennsylvania State University College of Engineering , describes mechanical engineering as "one of the broadest engineering disciplines."

Mechanical engineers can work on ambitious government building projects and often advance quickly into project leadership roles, says Rabb, who has bachelor's, master's and doctoral degrees in mechanical engineering. "Mechanical engineers are not at a desk all the time. We have to design, develop, build and test. This requires us to see and touch something besides a computer."

These are some examples of jobs where a mechanical engineering credential is valuable, according to experts:

• Aerospace engineer
• Automotive engineer
• Biomedical engineer
• Business executive
• Construction engineer
• Entrepreneur
• Intellectual property attorney
• Manufacturing engineer
• Management consultant
• Mechanical engineer
• Patent lawyer
• Production engineer
• Project lead
• Project manager
• Petroleum engineer
• Process engineer
• Product designer
• Quality engineer
• Sales engineer
• Structural engineer
• Technology specialist
• Thermal engineer

Mechanical Engineering Employment Prospects

According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, the median salary among U.S. mechanical engineers in May 2021 was $95,300. It is possible to enter the profession with only a bachelor's degree.

Experts note that it is optional but often beneficial for mechanical engineers to seek supplemental education in computer science or business.

"A mechanical engineering degree affords the individual a virtual Swiss Army knife of skill sets," Keith F. Noe, a partner with Lando & Anastasi, LLP , a Boston-based intellectual property law firm, wrote in an email.

The skills cultivated via a degree in this field apply to a wide array of industries and work assignments, says Noe, who has a bachelor's degree in mechanical engineering.

"A mechanical engineer has opportunities to work in the automotive, heating and cooling, manufacturing and aeronautic industries, to name a few," he explains. "Projects can be revolutionary or evolutionary."

Some mechanical engineering projects involve designing new products while others focus on cost reduction, quality improvement or both.

"To use a sports analogy, a Mechanical Engineer is the utility player of the engineering world," Tony Sanger, a senior vice president at the Turner & Townsend multinational consulting firm, wrote in an email. "The opportunities are endless."

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PhD Studentship: Unconventional Microwave Generator

Loughborough university - mechanical, electrical and manufacturing engineering.

The project is related to the development of a powerful microwave source, able to operate over an extremely wide frequency range (kHz to 10s of GHz).

Preliminary work at Loughborough University has proven the operation of an unconventional but conceptually simple electromagnetic source, with the output electric field strength scaling with charging voltages between 5 to 30 kV.

This proposal is for proving and characterizing source operation for charging voltages beyond 100 kV, in particular that the electric field strength does increase linearly with the charging voltage up to the high values that are of interest for many defense applications, and that waveform characteristic are maintained.

The investigation is into the physics and technologies of an unconventional microwave source. Specific technology domains include electric pulsed power, high fidelity explosive drive, hydrodynamic modelling, material properties, high power electromagnetics and ultra-fast switching. The main area for research is considered to be the investigation of the mechanisms through which electromagnetic emission is achieved, which will include but not be limited to intrinsic electric breakdown of dielectric materials, antenna operation at ultrahigh frequencies as well as the specific diagnostic methods to be implemented.

The main aim of the research is to better understand the physics and enabling technologies related to an unconventional microwave source, thereby proving and characterizing operation at higher power. The expected outcome is a standalone, extremely compact, light and relatively simple to manufacture pulsed electric field source covering practically all frequencies of interest in applications.

The PhD project is an activity part of the Energy Transfer Skill & Training Hub (STH) that has been set up by the UK Ministry of Defence (MOD) and the Engineering and Physics Science Research Council (EPSRC) to create a focus for research and skills development in Energy Transfer technologies which will form the basis for future systems for defense and security as well as broader ET applications.

The financial package – PhDs fees are paid for by the STH; individuals are provided a monthly, tax-free stipend and generous allowance for conferences, personal training and research consumables. In addition, the STH will pay for annual STH training and events (e.g. Summer School and conference).

The majority of the practical work will be conducted at Loughborough University, at the Plasma and Pulsed Power Group (P3G) facilities. P3G is a small but highly rated research group (‘Excellent’ for the last few years) within the Wolfson School of Mechanical, Electrical and Manufacturing Engineering, specializing in conventional and explosively driven electrical pulsed power as well as low temperature plasma applications. You will be working alongside several PhD and Masters students, each primarily on their own project and reporting direct to the Professor. Skilled Technician support is available.

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