phd nurse educator salary

Ph.D. in Nursing Salary – 2024

The Doctor of Philosophy in Nursing degree (Ph.D. in nursing) is a terminal degree chiefly pursued by nurses who are interested either in teaching or in participating in evidence-based research that advances the practice of nursing. The average Ph.D. in nursing salary is $99,000 a year. Until relatively recently, the Ph.D. in nursing was the only option for nurses interested in doctoral-level studies. In 2006, however, the American Association of Colleges of Nursing (AACN) issued established parameters for an additional terminal nursing degree called the Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP). A useful way of distinguishing between the nursing profession’s two terminal degrees is that Ph.Ds. discover the evidence while DNPs translate that evidence into clinical practice. Fewer than 1 percent of the nation’s 3.8 million registered nurses hold a doctoral degree, and DNPs far outnumber PhDs. in nursing. How much do Ph.D. in nursing graduates make? This article will present you with a comprehensive analysis of the salary for Ph.D. nursing graduates in 2024.

Is There A High Demand For Ph.D. in Nursing Graduates?

What career opportunities exist for ph.d. in nursing graduates, • academia:, • research facilities:, • hospitals:, • government agencies:, hourly salary for ph.d. in nursing graduates, starting salary for ph.d. in nursing graduates, average salary for ph.d. in nursing graduates, salary for ph.d. in nursing graduates by level of experience, average annual compensation for ph.d. in nursing graduates, how does ph.d. in nursing salary compare to other nursing degrees, what is the average ph.d. in nursing salary by state, 1. alabama:, 3. arizona:, 4. arkansas:, 5. california:, 6. colorado:, 7. connecticut:, 8. delaware:, 9. florida:, 10. georgia:, 11. hawaii:, 13. illinois:, 14. indiana:, 16. kansas:, 17. kentucky:, 18. louisiana:, 20. maryland:, 21. massachusetts:, 22. michigan:, 23. minnesota:, 24. mississippi:, 25. missouri:, 26. montana:, 27. nebraska:, 28. nevada:, 29. new hampshire:, 30. new jersey:, 31. new mexico:, 32. new york:, 33. north carolina:, 34. north dakota:, 36. oklahoma:, 37. oregon:, 38. pennsylvania:, 39. rhode island:, 40. south carolina:, 41. south dakota:, 42. tennessee:, 45. vermont:, 46. virginia:, 47. washington:, 48. west virginia:, 49. wisconsin:, 50. wyoming:, what are the 10 highest and lowest paying states for ph.d. in nursing graduates, average ph.d. in nursing salary by city for 2024, what is salary outlook for ph.d. in nursing graduates, 3 ways to boost your ph.d. in nursing salary, • consulting:, • teaching:, •relocating:, summing it up.

We have used the following sources to compile the salary data on this page.

Nurse Educator – Education, Licensure & Salary

Nursing colleges search.

When you click on a sponsoring school or program, or fill out a form to request information from a sponsoring school, we may earn a commission. View our advertising disclosure for more details.

Nursing education is a critical component of the healthcare industry, and nurse educators play an indispensable role in training the next generation of healthcare professionals. As the demand for well-trained and skilled nurses continues to rise, so does the need for expert nurse educators capable of imparting invaluable knowledge to aspiring healthcare professionals. From classroom lectures to hands-on training, nurse educators have the power to shape the future of healthcare through their inspired teaching practices. 

To succeed in this field, nurse educators should possess strong teaching and communication skills, be passionate about nursing, and have the patience and resilience to mentor students effectively. They should be able to work independently and collaboratively with other healthcare professionals, teachers, and students, have strong organizational skills, be detail-oriented, and multitask effectively.

Becoming a nurse educator necessitates meeting some prerequisites, including completing a nursing education program, holding a valid nursing license, and having a minimum of two years of nursing experience. To develop education and pedagogy-related skills, most professionals in this field opt for a master’s degree in nursing with a specialization in nurse education. Alternatively, nurses with a master’s degree can complete a post-master’s certificate program in nursing education. 

All nurse educators must be licensed nurses to provide care in the state where they are teaching. To further demonstrate competence in this field, nurse educators can earn voluntary a Certification for Nurse Educators (CNE) through the National League for Nursing. 

Nurse educators are vital to training the next generation of healthcare professionals. Follow along to learn more about their essential role in shaping the future of the healthcare industry.

How to Become a Nurse Educator

A nurse educator is vital in preparing the next generation of healthcare professionals. Aspiring candidates interested in this career must complete the required education and gain hands-on work experience to ensure they have the skills and knowledge to train future nurses. 

Step One: Get a high school education or GED (four years).

The first step toward becoming a nurse educator is to earn a high school diploma or GED. Students should focus on math, biology, psychology, chemistry, and health coursework, as this will prepare them for additional studies.

Step Two: Get an undergraduate education in nursing (two to four years).

After high school, students must complete a nursing education program. They can choose either an associate’s degree in nursing (ADN) or a bachelor’s degree in nursing (BSN). The ADN program typically takes two years, while the BSN program takes four years. It is important to check the prerequisites for entry into these programs as additional coursework, job shadowing, or healthcare experience may be required. 

Step Three: Pass the NCLEX-RN exam (timeline varies).

After completing an ADN or BSN program, the candidate must take and pass the National Council Licensure Examination for Registered Nurses (NCLEX-RN) to obtain nursing licensure in their state. Once the candidate has passed the NCLEX-RN exam, they must obtain state nursing licensure by applying to the state nursing board where they plan to work. Each state has its own licensing requirements that the candidate must meet. 

Step Four: Gain work experience and complete a nurse educator program (at least two years).

The next step is to obtain entry-level work as a registered nurse and then complete a nurse educator program such as a master’s or post-master’s certificate. These programs take one-and-a-half to two years to complete and are offered online or on-campus. Candidates with ADN degrees will have more qualifying coursework to enroll in MSN programs than students who complete a BSN.

Step Five: Achieve professional certification (timeline varies).

Lastly, although voluntary, certifications such as the Certification for Nurse Educator from the National League for Nursing provide added assurance of field expertise. Candidates with the required experience and credentials can take the certification exam. Read the certification section below for more details.

What Does a Nurse Educator Do?

Nurse educators work in various settings, including universities, community colleges, nursing schools, hospitals, long-term care facilities, and healthcare organizations that offer continuing education to nurses. They may also work for government agencies, non-profit organizations, and professional associations. Workplaces for nurse educators will often depend on their area of specialization and experience. Day-to-day job duties will vary based on place of employment but will typically include:

• Developing and planning educational curricula for aspiring nurses, including lesson plans, assignments, and assessments
• Teaching classes using a variety of instructional methods, such as lectures, discussions, and hands-on learning experiences
• Mentoring and advising nursing students with academic and career goal planning
• Assessing nursing student progress and performance, providing feedback and guidance for improvement
• Participating in faculty meetings, curriculum committees, and academic boards to discuss program development, implementation, and evaluation
• Collaborating with colleagues and clinical partners to develop and implement evidence-based nursing practices
• Staying current with nursing education trends and technology, integrating new methods and tools into the classroom whenever possible
• Participating in and leading research studies focused on nursing education, nursing practice, and healthcare trends
• Attending professional development opportunities, including conferences, workshops, and trainings, to remain up-to-date with industry advances and methods

How Much Do Nurse Educators Make?

The Bureau of Labor Statistics ( BLS May 2022) does not have specific data on nurse educator salaries, but it does have data on nurse practitioners who also hold at least a master’s degree. The average salary for nurse practitioners is $124,680 per year. The percentiles for nurse wages were as follows:

• 10th percentile: $87,340 
• 25th percentile: $103,250
• 50th  percentile (median): $121,610
• 75th percentile: $135,470
• 90th percentile: $165,240

PayScale.com (2023), a salary aggregate website, offers more detailed salary information for nurse educators. PayScale estimates that nurse educators earn $80,955 per year on average, with the top 90 percent earning $110,000 and the bottom 10 percent making  $60,000 annually.

Nurse Educator Licensure and Certification Requirements

Nurse educator licensing.

Nurse educators must have a valid nursing license to teach nursing students. Requirements for licensing will vary from state to state but, in general, will require that candidates complete an accredited nursing program and pass the National Council Licensure Examination (NCLEX). 

Nurse educators can hold a registered nurse (RN) license or an advanced practice registered nurse (APRN) license, depending on the level of education completed.

Nurse Educator Certifications and Eligibility

Certification as a nurse educator is voluntary but can improve employability and demonstrate competency to employers and nursing students. The primary certification for nurse educators is the Certification for Nurse Educators (CNE) issued by the National League for Nursing. 

To qualify to sit for the CNE exam, candidates must hold an unencumbered nursing license and meet one of the following qualifications:

• Hold a master’s or doctoral degree in nursing, primarily focusing on nursing education.
• Hold a master’s or doctoral degree in nursing and a post-master’s nursing education certificate.
• Hold a master’s or doctoral degree in nursing and have completed nine or more graduate-level education courses.
• Hold a master’s or doctoral degree in nursing with a focus other than nursing education and possess at least two years of experience in the nursing education field within the past five years

Nurse Educator Certification Renewal

CNE certifications are valid for five years. To renew, the certificate holder must:

• Provide proof of a current and unencumbered nursing license
• Have two years of employment as a nurse educator in the past five years
• Attest to following the CNE code of ethics
• Pay a renewal fee
• Demonstrate continued competence in this field by submitting proof of accrual of 50 renewal credits in “organized, professional activities which are indicators of continued professional development as a nurse educator” or passing the CNE exam again

Renewal applications must be submitted by September 30th during the renewal year.

Kimmy Gustafson

Thanks to her experience writing in healthcare, Kimmy Gustafson has delivered in-depth articles on timely topics for NursingColleges.com since 2022. Her aim is to assist both students and professionals in navigating the intricate process of selecting a nursing program and understanding the ever-evolving realm of nursing education.

Kimmy has been a freelance writer for more than a decade, writing hundreds of articles on a wide variety of topics such as startups, nonprofits, healthcare, kiteboarding, the outdoors, and higher education. She is passionate about seeing the world and has traveled to over 27 countries. She holds a bachelor’s degree in journalism from the University of Oregon. When not working, she can be found outdoors, parenting, kiteboarding, or cooking.

Related Articles

• October 26, 2023 Day in the Life of a Nursing Instructor By Sophia Khawly, MSN
• August 25, 2023 Nurse Educator Professional Certification Guide By Rachel Drummond, MEd
• October 5, 2023 The Rise of Interprofessional Teams in Healthcare By Matt Zbrog
• September 21, 2023 Achieving a Work-Life Balance in Nursing By Sabrina Tillman
• April 24, 2024 NP Advocates to Know: Dr. Felesia Bowen on Health Equity By Matt Zbrog

Related Careers

• 1 Nurse Administrator
• 2 Nurse Executive
• 3 Nurse Manager
• 4 Public Health Nurse
• 5 Become a Clinical Nurse Leader (CNL) – Degree, Licensure & Salary

Related Programs

• 1 Online Nurse Education Programs
• 2 Online Neonatal Nurse Practitioner (NNP) Programs
• 3 Online Pediatric Nurse Practitioner (PNP) Programs
• 4 Online Adult-Gerontology Nurse Practitioner (AGNP) Programs
• 5 Online Family Nurse Practitioner (FNP) Programs

Nurse Educator Salary in the United States

How much does a Nurse Educator make in the United States? The average Nurse Educator salary in the United States is $67,034 as of April 24, 2024, but the salary range typically falls between $50,266 and $100,770 . Salary ranges can vary widely depending on many important factors, including education , certifications, additional skills, the number of years you have spent in your profession. With more online, real-time compensation data than any other website, Salary.com helps you determine your exact pay target. 

Search Nurse Educator Jobs in the United States

How to Become a Doctor

• View Hourly Wages
• Adjust Nurse Educator Salary:
• Select State
• Select City
• Choose Similar Job
• Pick Related Category
• View Cost of Living in Major Cities

Individualize employee pay based on unique job requirements and personal qualifications.

Get the latest market price for benchmark jobs and jobs in your industry.

Analyze the market and your qualifications to negotiate your salary with confidence.

Search thousands of open positions to find your next opportunity.

Nurse Educator

Review the job openings and experience requirements for the Nurse Educator job to confirm that it is the job you are seeking.

See user submitted job responsibilities for Nurse Educator.

Search Nurse Educator Job Openings

What does a nurse educator do.

View Job Skills and Competency Data for more than 15,000 Job Titles, 18 Industries, and 26 Job Families.

Our job description management tool- JobArchitect streamlines your job description process. Say goodbye to the hassle of crafting job descriptions.

Not the job you're looking for? Search more salaries here:

Are you an hr manager or compensation specialist.

Salary.com's CompAnalyst platform offers:

• Detailed skills and competency reports for specific positions
• Job and employee pricing reports
• Compensation data tools, salary structures, surveys and benchmarks.

Nurse Educator Salary by State

Understand the total compensation opportunity for a nurse educator, base salary plus other pay elements, average base salary.

Core compensation

Average Total Cash Compensation

Includes base and annual incentives

Discover how your pay is adjusted for skills, experience, and other factors

How much should you be paid.

For a real-time salary target, tell us more about your role in the four categories below.

Your estimated salary based on up-to-date market data and the factors you selected below

Skills associated with Nurse Educator: Regulatory Compliance , #develop

Recently searched related titles: Or Nurse Educator , Rn Educator , Rn Clinical Instructor

Learn more about: Compensation Packages , Employee Flight Risk , Gender Pay Gap , Job Openings for This Role

Jobs with a similar salary range to Nurse Educator : Nurse Instructor , Nursing Tutor

Home / Online Nursing Education Degrees and Programs / Ph.D. Nursing Education Programs

Ph.D. Nursing Education Programs

What is a ph.d. nursing education degree, 2024 - best phd in nursing education programs, are online ph.d. nursing education programs available, nursing education ph.d. vs. other doctorate degree types, list of ph.d. nursing education degree programs.

If your career goals include research and advanced practice nursing, earning a degree beyond a bachelor’s is essential. You have the option of earning either a Master of Science (MSN) in nursing education or a doctorate degree, such as the Ph.D in Nursing Education. Your career goals and the length of time it takes to complete each program are the top considerations when determining which option is right for you. Luckily, online Ph.D. Nurse Educator programs are available for those who don't think they have the time for a doctorate degree of this caliber.

A Ph.D. nurse educator degree is a doctorate, meaning it's the highest degree level a Nurse Educator can obtain (with equal standing given to other doctorate types, as discussed below). The American Association of Colleges of Nursing endorsed changing the minimum entry-level requirement for nurse educators from a master's to a doctorate in 2004. Since then, it has been more challenging for people with an MSN to secure a nurse educator job due to high competition. Schools in all 50 states now offer nurse educator doctorates.

The Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) reports that nurse educators with the most experience and education earn approximately $125,000 annually. Examples of coursework you will complete at the doctorate level include:

• Care Systems and Chronic Illness
• Quantitative and Qualitative Research
• Research and Development
• Scientific Inquiry

All Ph.D. candidates prepare a dissertation they research, write, and defend. The process takes one to three years, depending on your interests and chosen topic.

NurseEducator.com's PhD in Nursing Education rankings are based on a methodology that takes into account a variety of important factors, including the completion rates, affordability, competitiveness, variety of programs offered, and the level of faculty experience. The rankings are designed to provide an objective and comprehensive look at the best nursing education programs in the world. We believe that the criteria used in our methodology accurately reflect the quality of the programs, and that our rankings give prospective students the best information available for making an informed decision. To learn more about our methodology, please visit our methodology page .

Nova Southeastern University

Nova Southeastern University, located in Fort Lauderdale, Florida, is an accredited private university with over 20,000 students. It offers a wide range of degree programs, including a PhD in Nursing Education. It is one of the largest independent universities in the United States, and its diverse student body is composed of students from over 100 countries.

Liberty University

Liberty University is a private university located in Lynchburg, Virginia. Founded in 1971, Liberty is now the largest Christian university in the world, with over 110,000 students enrolled globally. Liberty offers a wide range of degree programs, including a PhD in Nursing Education. With an emphasis on Christian values, Liberty provides students with an education rooted in faith.

University of Northern Colorado

The University of Northern Colorado is located in Greeley, Colorado and is a public university. With 14,902 students, it offers over 100 undergraduate and graduate programs, including a PhD in Nursing Education. UNC has a strong commitment to student success and a tradition of excellence.

You have plenty of online enrollment options from the University of Alabama to the University of Wyoming. The hundreds of schools across the United States that offer this degree option typically do so either entirely online or as a hybrid program.

Before enrolling at a school, reflect on how you learn best and your preferences regarding whether to complete courses online or in person. If you work, have a family to care for, or both, you will probably find the online option most convenient due to the flexibility. You can watch lectures and complete assignments whenever it is convenient for you.

A mix between online and traditional on-campus delivery could be ideal if you value face-to-face interactions with professors and other students. Regardless of your chosen option, you should be aware that you must complete your clinical requirements in person.

Nurse Educator Ph.D. Prerequisites

Admissions requirements are usually the same for campus-based and online Nurse Educator Ph.D. programs. Typical prerequisites include:

• Completion of a BSN or MSN degree from an accredited institution
• Cumulative GPA of at least 3.0 in all previous college coursework
• GRE exam score
• Official transcripts from all previous schools attended
• Personal statement describing your career goals
• Unrestricted U.S.RN license
• Up to three letters of recommendation

Obtaining certification as a nurse educator can give you a competitive advantage. The National League for Nursing offers certification options for nurse educators and clinical nurse educators.

Below is the admissions process at Grand Canyon University , which is typical of schools offering this degree program. The process is the same for online and on-campus students, except for the requirement that students attending in-person classes schedule a campus visit before courses begin.

The first step at any college or university is to submit a request form that indicates the degree you prefer, whether you're interested in the online or hybrid option, and your timeline for starting your studies. Next, you should complete the school's application and attach all the above information. If you need financial aid, researching your options is the next step. It would help if you waited to hear from the school about your official acceptance.

According to the BLS, the demand for nurse educators is higher than average. Thanks to an aging population and increasingly complex health conditions, the agency does not expect the demand to lower anytime soon.

Students sometimes confuse this degree option with the Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP). The focus of the Ph.D. nurse educator degree is scholarly research and inquiry, with the purpose of expanding knowledge about nursing. In contrast, students pursue the DNP degree to improve patient outcomes. The primary focus is obtaining higher-level skills in nursing.

Regarding coursework, DNP candidates focus on advanced practice nursing, evidence-based nursing, and developing leadership skills. Typical courses in DNP programs include:

• Administration and Budget Planning
• Clinical Diagnosis
• Disease Management
• Healthcare Policy
• Healthcare System Transformation

Besides the Ph.D. and nursing education DNP , students have the option of one other doctorate degree as well: the Doctor of Education (Ed.D.) in nursing education . This degree type is suited for academia, advocacy, and policy, and is not as widely available as the other doctorate degree pathways.

Earning a Nurse Educator Ph.D. doesn't limit you to working only in the field of education. The whole purpose of obtaining the doctorate in the first place is to widen your career options. Here are some popular job titles for people with this advanced credential:

• Clinical Nurse Educator
• Nursing Curriculum Coordinator
• Nursing Education Consultant
• Nursing Professional Development Specialist

Nurse Educator Ph.D., DNP, and Ed.D. programs offer a terminal degree, meaning you have earned the highest degree available.

Nurse Educator Degree Type Comparison

In search of an online or campus-based Ph.D. Nurse Educator program near you? Explore our state-by-state listings below.

Jump to Your State Listings

• Nursing Education Ph.D. Online
• Ph.D. Nursing Education Online

University of Las Vegas, Nevada

• Ph.D. Nursing Education Track & Post-MSN Accelerated Nursing Education Track Online
• Ph.D. in Nursing Education Online

Are we missing your school's program or need to update information listed? Please contact us so we can make the necessary changes.

What Is the Average Salary With a DNP Degree?

• Compared to Other Nursing Degrees
• By Work Setting

Are you ready to earn your online nursing degree?

Employers and healthcare leaders agree that nurses with a doctor of nursing practice (DNP) degree stand out for their evidence-based practice, critical thinking, and leadership skills. But does a DNP mean a higher earning potential? DNP salary data reveals that a doctorate in nursing practice can pay off.

Popular Online DNP Programs

Learn about start dates, transferring credits, availability of financial aid, and more by contacting the universities below.

How Does the Average Salary for DNP-Holders Compare to the Salaries of Other Nursing Degrees?

As nurses advance their education, they can increase their earning potential. Compared to professionals with other nursing degrees , DNP holders earn the highest salary.

Nurses with a DNP earn more for several reasons. They qualify for higher-paying roles, including advanced practice roles like nurse anesthetist. DNP holders may also bring more experience to their roles. The following table compares the average salaries for nurses by degree, including the average DNP salary increase.

DNP Salaries by Role

A DNP can qualify nurses for high-paying, advanced practice roles such as certified registered nurse anesthetist and nurse practitioner. DNP nurses often have greater autonomy along with a higher earning potential.

DNP salaries vary by role, experience, and degree. For example, a DNP may help advanced practice registered nurses (APRNs) increase their compensation over APRNs with an MSN.

This section introduces some common roles for nurses with a DNP, including salary data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics , ranked from highest to lowest-paying median annual salary.

Certified Registered Nurse Anesthetist (CRNA)

CRNAs are the highest-paid nurses and need a DNP. The median nurse anesthetist salary exceeds $200,000, with many states reporting even higher salaries. Factors such as experience and location affect a CRNA’s earning potential.

These APRNs administer anesthesia to patients undergoing surgical or diagnostic procedures. CRNAs specialize in pain management and work closely with patients to meet their needs safely.

• Median Annual Salary: $203,090
• Annual Salary Range: $143,870-$239,200
• Highest-Paying States: North Dakota, California, Connecticut, New York, and Illinois

Nurse Practitioner

Nurse practitioners provide primary and specialty care, with several specialization options such as family nurse practitioner or psychiatric mental health NP . Their scope of practice includes diagnosing and treating health issues, and in some states, NPs can also prescribe medications.

The median nurse practitioner salary exceeds $120,000. Work setting, degree level, and location all influence an NP’s earning potential. Specialty also impacts salaries, with mental health NPs reporting the highest NP salaries .

• Median Annual Salary: $121,610
• Annual Salary Range: $87,340-$165,240
• Highest-Paying States: California, New Jersey, Massachusetts, Oregon, and Nevada

Certified Nurse Midwife

Nurse midwives specialize in prenatal, postpartum, delivery, and family planning care. They can deliver babies, treat sexual health issues, and provide primary and maternity care.

The median nurse midwife’s salary exceeds $120,000. While CNMs can practice with an MSN, earning a DNP can mean more job opportunities and higher compensation. Other factors that influence nurse midwife salaries include work setting and location.

• Median Annual Salary: $120,880
• Annual Salary Range: $77,510-$171,230
• Highest-Paying States: California, West Virginia, Hawaii, Massachusetts, and Oregon

Nurse Administrator

Nurse administrators bring their clinical backgrounds to leadership roles in hospitals and other healthcare settings. They manage hiring and staffing, scheduling, and budgeting for their organization’s nursing units.

Jobs at the top of the nursing hierarchy typically require an MSN or DNP. The median nurse administrator salary reached $96,000 in 2024, with variations depending on the work setting and location. Earning potential also depends on the specific role nurses hold in nursing administration.

• Median Annual Salary: $110,680
• Annual Salary Range: $67,900-$216,750
• Highest-Paying States: New York, Washington, D.C., Delaware, New Jersey, Massachusetts

Nurse Educator

Nurse educators train current and prospective nurses. They teach in hospitals, healthcare settings, colleges, and universities. Nurse educators cover key topics such as clinical skills, nursing practice, and patient care. Academic roles can either focus on teaching or incorporate research responsibilities with teaching.

The median nurse educator salary exceeds $78,000, depending on degree level, location, and job title. DNP-prepared nurse educators typically earn more because they can teach graduate-level nursing programs.

• Median Annual Salary: $78,580
• Annual Salary Range: $47,760-$127,290
• Highest-Paying States: Massachusetts, Nevada, California, Washington D.C., New York

DNP Salaries by Work Settings

Work setting and job title both influence DNP salaries. DNP holders typically earn higher salaries in hospitals and outpatient care centers. Academic settings and offices of health practitioners, besides physicians, generally report lower salaries.

However, salaries vary greatly, and factors besides work setting and role also impact earning potential. For example, professional experience can mean a higher salary regardless of the work setting. Nurse administrators with more than 10 years of experience report annual salaries of $25,000 higher than those with 5-9 years of experience, according to Payscale data from January 2024.

Note: The dash means no data is available for nurse educators in this work setting.

Note: BLS does not track nurse administrator data separately, so we used median salaries in each work setting for “health and medical services managers,” of which nurse administrators are one type.

DNP Salaries by State

DNP salaries vary by state. High cost-of-living states typically report higher salaries. For example, states like California and New York rank in the top five highest-paying states, while North Carolina and Louisiana report the lowest salaries by state.

Many of the highest-paying states are home to major cities with above-average salaries. Nurse practitioners earn more in California than in any other state, according to BLS data . The state reports an average NP salary of $161,540, along with the ten highest-paying metro areas, including San Francisco, Los Angeles, and San Jose.

View All State Salary Data

Frequently asked questions about dnp salaries, how much do dnps make.

DNPs earn an average base salary of $112,000. The earning potential with a DNP depends on job title, experience, work setting, and location. For example, nurse anesthetists report the highest DNP salary, while nurse educators report the lowest.

Do DNPs make more money than NPs?

DNPs earn the highest salaries in nursing because a DNP is a terminal degree that allows nurses to pursue top leadership, educational, and clinical roles. Nurse practitioners can earn a DNP to increase their earning potential. NPs can practice with either an MSN or a DNP. As nurses advance their education, they typically see their compensation grow.

What is the highest-paying DNP?

Nurse anesthetists earn the highest DNP salary with a median annual income of $203,090. Nurse practitioners earn a median annual salary of $121,610 — more than two and a half times the U.S. median annual salary of $45,760.

Is getting a DNP worth it?

Getting a DNP can pay off. Nurses who pursue a DNP can expand their scope of practice and earning potential. DNP holders can qualify for roles such as nurse anesthetist, nurse practitioner, nurse administrator, and nurse educator, which may require a terminal nursing degree. DNP holders earn an average salary of $18,000 more than BSN holders and $9,000 more than MSN holders.

Related Pages

Ask a Nurse: MSN Nurse Practitioner Programs Are Changing to DNP Programs by 2025. What Does This Mean for Me?

Many NP programs are changing to the DNP degree by 2025. Discover how this move will impact nurses.

DNP vs. Ph.D. in Nursing: What’s the Difference?

Explore the differences between earning an DNP and Ph.D. in nursing including their duties and responsibilities as well as salary and career outlook.

Why Get a Doctorate in Nursing (DNP)?

Graduating with a doctoral degree in nursing can advance careers, increase salaries, and lead to rewarding jobs. Learn why and how to become a DNP.

Home / Getting Your Ph.D. in Nursing

Getting Your Ph.D. in Nursing

Becoming a ph.d. nurse, what does a ph.d. nurse do, ph.d. nurse salary & employment, ph.d. vs. dnp in nursing, helpful organizations, societies, and agencies, what is a ph.d. nurse.

A Ph.D. nurse is one who has completed a Doctor of Philosophy in Nursing degree. A Ph.D., or doctoral degree, is the highest level of education a nurse can achieve. Different from a Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP) degree, which focuses on advanced clinical practice, a Ph.D. in Nursing program is a research and science-focused degree that prepares nurses for careers conducting important medical research that will advance the entire nursing profession and for teaching nursing at the college level.

In order to become a Ph.D. nurse, of course, nurses must complete a Ph.D. in nursing program, which generally takes 4 to 6 years to finish. An aspiring Ph.D. nurse must have a strong interest in conducting medical research and/or teaching future nurses. Strong leadership skills are also important, as many Ph.D. nurses go on to supervise and mentor other nurses, whether they work in scientific research, management, or teaching capacity.

What Are the Educational Requirements For a Ph.D. Nurse Program?

A Ph.D. in Nursing program is known as a terminal degree, meaning it is the highest level of education for the nursing profession (in addition to the DNP degree, another separate nursing doctorate program track). Prior to entering a Ph.D. program, nurses must complete a Bachelor of Science in Nursing (BSN) degree and pass the NCLEX-RN exam. In some cases, applicants to a Ph.D. in Nursing program must also complete a Master of Science in Nursing (MSN) degree, which provides advanced education in nursing practice with courses in pharmacology, pathophysiology, and clinical practice.

Educational Prerequisites

Specific requirements to complete a Ph.D. in Nursing program will vary slightly from school to school. Schools offer Ph.D. in Nursing programs in traditional classroom formats, as well as online and hybrid styles that combine in-person study with online coursework. In addition to a variety of formats for Ph.D. in Nursing programs, students can also sometimes opt to take these programs on a full-time or part-time basis to suit their personal schedules.

The curriculum for a Ph.D. in Nursing program is research-focused, with coursework in advanced scientific research principles, data analysis, and statistical measurement. Ph.D. programs generally culminate in a dissertation and original research project. As an example of Ph.D. curriculum, below is a selection of courses offered by the Medical University of South Carolina as part of their online Ph.D. in Nursing Science program:

• Advanced Quantitative Research Methods
• Qualitative Research Methods
• Advanced Statistical Methods for Nursing Research
• Advanced Study Design and Methods
• Advanced Health Policy & Advocacy
• Research Team Leadership

A Ph.D. nurse conducts scientific research that advances the nursing profession. The knowledge that Ph.D. nurses gather and present as a part of their scientific research powers positive change in the quality of patient care and outcomes in the entire nursing field. In addition to their role as nurse scientists, Ph.D. nurses also teach and mentor nurses at the college/university level, working to shape the next generation of nurses.

What Are the Roles and Duties of a Ph.D. Nurse?

The majority of Ph.D. nurses pursue careers in either the research or teaching fields, so their day-to-day duties will vary depending on which career track they have chosen.

For a nurse researcher , typical duties may include:

• Identify research questions, and design and conduct scientific research in partnership with other scientists from various fields
• Collect and analyze scientific data and publish reports detailing findings
• Write proposals and apply for grants to help fund their research
• Establish and maintain quality assurance programs to ensure the validity of their data findings
• Train and supervise laboratory staff and other nurses or scientists

For a Ph.D.  nurse educator who has chosen to pursue a faculty position, typical duties may include:

• Plan, prepare, and revise curriculum and study materials for nursing courses
• Deliver lectures to undergraduate and graduate level nursing students
• Supervise students' laboratory and clinical work
• Grade students' classwork, laboratory, and clinical performance
• Mentor and advise students regarding their future work in the nursing industry

For faculty members who pursue department chair or administration roles, additional duties may include:

• Hire, supervise and conduct performance reviews of faculty members
• Assist with the scheduling of classes and professors
• Oversee department curriculum and provide quality control as to the content and materials of given nursing courses

Workplace Settings

A Ph.D. nurse can work in a variety of settings, depending on the career path he or she has chosen. A Ph.D. nurse may find employment at a hospital, medical laboratory, research facility, or university as a research scientist, or may work at a nursing school, college, or university as a faculty member or department chair. In some cases, a Ph.D. nurse may also work as a public health nurse in a government setting, helping to develop research-based solutions to public health issues.

Salaries for Ph.D. nurses vary based on the type of employment a nurse seeks after graduation. Nurse researchers, a primary career path for Ph.D. nurses, can expect a median salary of $90,000 according to Payscale.com. For Ph.D. nurses who pursue a teaching position, the median annual wage for post-secondary nursing instructors is $77,440 according to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics as of May 2021. Geographical location, career length, and experience level are all factors that can influence a Ph.D. nurse's annual salary.

The nursing profession as a whole has a particularly bright employment outlook, with the employment of registered nurses projected to grow 9 percent from 2020 to 2030 according to the BLS. In addition, a large number of healthcare facilities are looking for nursing professionals with higher degrees, which means the demand for Ph.D. and DNP level nurses will continue to grow. In fact, the Institute of Medicine 's 2015 "The Future of Nursing Report" emphasized the need for more Ph.D. level nurses.

As there are two doctorate-level nursing program types to choose from, there may be some confusion as to the differences between a Ph.D. nursing program and a Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP) degree. The primary difference between the two programs relates to nurses' career aspirations. A DNP program trains nurses to perform the highest level of nursing practice and to translate research into high-quality patient care, while a Ph.D. program prepares nurses to conduct cutting-edge research that will advance the science of nursing and patient care. In addition to research positions, a Ph.D. program prepares nurses for leadership and teaching positions at hospitals and colleges/universities. To simplify, a DNP is a nursing practice doctorate degree, while a Ph.D. is a research and teaching doctorate.

Other key differences between DNP and Ph.D. programs are curriculum and program length. A typical DNP program includes courses on advanced nursing practice, leadership, and management topics and requires patient care clinical hours as well as a final capstone project. A Ph.D. program includes coursework on research methodologies, data analysis, and healthcare leadership and policy, and requires students to complete original research and a dissertation. In general, a Ph.D. program takes longer to complete than a DNP program, with Ph.D. programs taking an average of 4 to 6 years to complete and a DNP program taking 3 to 4 years, but can be completed in as little as 2 years depending on the school and program chosen.

• American Association of Colleges of Nursing
• American Nurses Association
• International Association of Clinical Research Nurses
• National Institute of Nursing Research

Nursing Faculty Shortage Fact Sheet

Faculty shortages at nursing schools across the country are limiting student capacity at a time when the need for professional registered nurses continues to grow. Budget constraints, an aging faculty, and increasing job competition from clinical sites have contributed to this crisis. To minimize the impact of faculty shortages on the nation’s nursing shortage, the American Association of Colleges of Nursing (AACN) is leveraging its resources to secure federal funding for faculty development programs, collect data on faculty vacancy rates, identify strategies to address the shortage, and focus media attention on this important issue.

Download Fact Sheet [PDF]

Scope of the Nursing Faculty Shortage

• According to AACN’s report on  2021-2022 Enrollment and Graduations in Baccalaureate and Graduate Programs in Nursing , U.S. nursing schools turned away 91,938 qualified applications from baccalaureate and graduate nursing programs in 2021 due to an insufficient number of faculty, clinical sites, classroom space, clinical preceptors, and budget constraints. Most nursing schools responding to the survey pointed to faculty shortages as a top reason for not accepting all qualified applicants into their programs.  
• According to a  Special Survey on Vacant Faculty Positions  released by AACN in October 2022, a total of 2,166 full-time faculty vacancies were identified in a survey of 909 nursing schools with baccalaureate and/or graduate programs across the country (84.4% response rate). Besides the vacancies, schools cited the need to create an additional 128 faculty positions to accommodate student demand. The data show a national nurse faculty vacancy rate of 8.8%. Most of the vacancies (84.9%) were faculty positions requiring or preferring a doctoral degree.

Factors Contributing to the Faculty Shortage

A wave of faculty retirements is expected across the U.S. over the next decade.

• According to AACN's report on  2021-2022 Salaries of Instructional and Administrative Nursing Faculty , the average ages of doctorally prepared nurse faculty holding the ranks of professor, associate professor, and assistant professor were 62.5, 56.7, and 50.6 years, respectively. For master's degree-prepared nurse faculty, the average ages for professors, associate professors, and assistant professors were 55.0, 54.7, and 48.6 years, respectively.  
• According to an article published in  Nursing Outlook  on  Retirements and Succession of Nursing Faculty in 2016-2025  by Drs. Di Fang and Karen Kesten, one third of the current nursing faculty workforce in baccalaureate and graduate programs are expected to retire by 2025. This finding underscores the urgency for the nursing education community to address the impending exodus of senior faculty and to develop younger faculty for succession.

Higher compensation in clinical and private-sector settings is luring current and potential nurse educators away from teaching.

According to the latest  Nurse Salary Research Report  issued by Nurse.com, the median salary across advanced practice registered nurse roles is $120,000. By contrast, AACN reported in March 2022 that the average salary for a master’s-prepared professors in schools of nursing is $87,325.

Master’s and doctoral programs in nursing are not producing a large enough pool of potential nurse educators to meet the demand.

In April 2022,  AACN reported  that for the first time since 2001, enrollment in master’s programs decreased by 3.8%, which translates to 5,766 fewer students enrolled in 2021 than in 2020. In addition, enrollment in PhD nursing programs were also down. Since PhD program enrollment began to dip in 2013, enrollment in these programs have decreased by 13%, from 5,145 students in 2013 to 4,476 students in 2021. 

Further, efforts to expand the nurse educator population are frustrated by the fact that thousands of qualified applicants to graduate nursing programs are turned away each year. In 2021, AACN found that 9,574 qualified applicants were turned away from master's programs, and 5,169 qualified applicants were turned away from doctoral programs. The primary reasons for not accepting all qualified students were a shortage of faculty, preceptors, and clinical education sites.

Strategies to Address the Faculty Shortage

• AACN is taking steps to address the nurse faculty shortage by working with the Jonas Philanthropies to support doctoral nursing students; by advocating for new federal legislation and increased funding for graduate education; hosting an annual faculty development conference; collecting data to quantify the scope of the shortage; promoting faculty careers through the Graduate Nursing Student Academy; and collaborating with national nursing organizations and practice partners to help identify solutions.  
• Since 2008, the Jonas Philanthropies has focused on expanded the nation’s supply of doctoral-prepared nurses available to serve as faculty, scientists, and clinicians. Administered in collaboration with AACN, the  Jonas Nurse Leaders Scholar Program  has provided financial support and leadership development to more than 900 Scholars in all 50 states.  
• Many statewide initiatives are underway to address the shortage of nurse educators. For example, the Maryland Higher Education Commission has provided nearly $27 million to support 938 nurse faculty members through a variety of programs, including the  New Nurse Faculty Fellowship Program . This program is funded by the Maryland Health Services Cost Review Commission and supported by an annual percentage of Maryland hospitals’ patient revenue. In October 2022, Hawaii Governor David Ige  announced  that $1.75 million would be included in his budget request to hire 39 new instructor positions to help address the state’s severe faculty shortage and support nursing programs statewide. Read more about initiatives underway in  Missouri ,  South Carolina ,  Virginia , and  Wisconsin .  
• To increase the number of clinical nurse educators, which are also known as preceptors, several states including  Colorado ,  Georgia ,  Hawaii ,  Maryland , South Carolina, and  Virginia  offer tax incentives for nurses serving in these teaching roles. Legislations has also been introduced or is pending in New Mexico, New York, Oregon, and Rhode Island.  
• Schools of nursing are forming academic-practice partnerships and working collaboratively with other stakeholders to bridge the faculty gap. For example, in April 2022 HCA Healthcare  announced a $1.5 million partnership  with Florida International University to address national nursing faculty shortage.  
• Provide funding to programs that increase the number of nurse faculty and clinical preceptors and support nurse faculty development.  
• Provide funding for the Health Resources and Services Administration to develop a nurse faculty residency program that emphasizes strategies to improve faculty recruitment, preparation, development, and retention.  
• Create a national center devoted to nursing education and the development of nurse faculty and clinical preceptors.  
• Administered by the Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA), the  Nurse Faculty Loan Program  assists graduate students pursing faculty careers. Students must agree to teach at a school of nursing in exchange for cancellation of up to 85% of their educational loans, plus interest, over a four-year period.  
• The  Faculty Loan Repayment Program  administered by HRSA’s Bureau of Health Workforce provides up to $40,000 in loan repayment for individuals from disadvantaged backgrounds who serve as faculty at eligible health professions schools for a minimum of two years.  
• HRSA’s  Nurse Corps Repayment Program  provides nurse faculty who commit to working in an eligible nursing school with up to 60% in debt cancellation for two years of services, and an additional 25% for a third year of service.  
• In October 2022, the Department of Labor announced a new $80 million initiative, the  Nursing Expansion Grant Program , which includes funding for the Nurse Education Professional Track to prepare experienced current or former nurses for teaching roles.  
• The Department of Education routinely identifies programs that prepare nurse faculty as eligible for funding through the  Graduate Assistance in Areas of National Need (GAANN) program .  
• AACN operates   NursingCAS , the nation’s centralized application service for prelicensure and graduate nursing programs. One of the primary reasons for launching NursingCAS was to ensure that all vacant seats in schools of nursing are filled. In 2021, more than 14,700 vacant seats were identified in master’s and doctoral nursing programs alone. NursingCAS provides a mechanism to fill these seats and maximize the educational capacity of schools of nursing.

Recent Articles on the Faculty Shortage

• Bakewell-Sachs, S., Trautman, D., & Rosseter, R. (2022, August).  Addressing the nurse faculty shortage.   The American Nurse . 2022-2023 Education and Career Guide.
• Jarosinski, J.M., Seldomridge, L., Reid, T.P., & Willey, J. (2022, May/June).  Nurse faculty shortage: Voices of nursing program administrators .  Nurse Educator , 47(3), 151-155.
• Thompson, R. (2021, July-August).  Increasing racial/ethnic diversification of nursing faculty in higher ed is needed now.   Journal of Professional Nursing , 37(4), A1-A3.

Updated: October 2022

Robert Rosseter [email protected]

Top PhD in Nursing Programs

What is a ph.d. in nursing.

• Ph.D. in Nursing vs DNP
• Types of Programs
• Top Programs
• Program Overview
• Is a Nursing Ph.D. For Me?

The Ph.D. in Nursing degree opens career opportunities for nurses as researchers, forging new and cutting-edge nursing practices for future generations. This article explores this terminal nursing degree, how to get it, and the top Ph.D. in Nursing programs.

A Ph.D. in Nursing is the highest degree awarded to nurses and one of two terminal nursing degrees. Ph.D. stands for Doctor of Philosophy, and Ph.D. in Nursing programs focus on evidence-based research.

Throughout their 4-6 year study, nursing Ph.D. students learn how to conduct, analyze, and publish nursing research. The degree culminates in students conducting an independent research project and writing a dissertation on it.

Ph.D. in Nursing and DNP Differences

A Ph.D. in Nursing and a Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP) are both terminal nursing degrees. However, comparing a  DNP vs. a Ph.D. in Nursing reveals distinct differences. Notably, the Ph.D. in Nursing prepares you for a science, academic, or research-focused career as opposed to a clinical one.

Key Ph.D. in Nursing vs. DNP Differences

>> Related:  Top Online DNP Programs

Types of Ph.D. in Nursing Programs

The United States is home to over 135 Ph.D. in Nursing programs, which you can attend in multiple formats at nearly every educational level. The types of Ph.D. in nursing programs include the following:

• BSN to Ph.D. in Nursing: These Ph.D. in nursing programs allow nurses with a Bachelor of Science in Nursing (BSN) degree to pursue a career in nursing research without first attending an MSN program.
• MSN to Ph.D. in Nursing: Designed for Master of Science in Nursing (MSN) trained nurses, these programs typically include core courses for the doctoral program, electives, and dissertation study.
• DNP/Ph.D. Dual Degree: These rigorous programs allow students to concurrently attain expertise in scientific inquiry and faculty practice and hone the practical skills of expert nurse clinicians. 

>> Show Me DNP Programs

Online Ph.D. in Nursing Programs

Are Ph.D. in Nursing programs available online? The answer is yes; you can find several online options to pursue this degree. Since a Ph.D. in Nursing focuses on scientific inquiry, it doesn't have the same onsite practical hours as other nursing degrees. 

Program dependant, you may still need to show up on campus a few times each year. However, for the most part, all you need to earn a Ph.D. in nursing is Wi-Fi, good study habits, and determination.

Top Ph.D. in Nursing Programs

Each Ph.D. in Nursing program is unique, offering its own benefits and features. We assembled the top five Ph.D. in Nursing programs nationwide following Nurse.org's proprietary ranking algorithm , which considers and ranks schools based on factors like:

• Tuition costs
• Program length
• Nursing school accreditation
• Admission requirements
• The variety of available programs
• Additional program accolades

 1. University of Pennsylvania

• Program Cost:  $46,934 per academic year
• Program Length:  4-6 years
• Application Due Date: Dec. 1st

The University of Pennsylvania boasts one of the top Ph.D. in nursing programs nationwide. To offset the expensive tuition, the university offers full-time students stipends during their first four years. In exchange, students may work as Teaching Assistants within UPenn's School of Nursing for up to 16 hours a week. 

Contact UPenn about this program:

• Phone: (215) 898-4271
• Email: [email protected]

Source: University of Pennsylvania

2. Duke University

• Program Cost:  Fully funded (up to 5 years)
• Application Due Date: November 30th

In 2023, U.S. News & World Report named Duke University the second-best graduate school for nursing. Duke's Ph.D. in Nursing program prepares nurses to become stalwart scholars. Graduates will build nursing science by leading multidisciplinary research that determines the relationship between chronic illness and care systems.

Contact Duke University about this program:

• Phone: (919) 684-3786
• Email: Contact Request Form

Source: Duke University

3. Duquesne University

• Program Cost:  $1,765 per credit
• Program Length:  3-4 years
• Application Due Date:  February 1st

As the first fully online Ph.D. in Nursing program, Duquesne offers a highly flexible education option to many students nationwide. Additionally, students attending the program may get to study abroad at the Duquesne campus in Dublin, Ireland.  The 56-credit program culminates in a dissertation proposal and final defense in which students orally defend their research thesis to the dissertation committee.

Contact Duquesne University about this program:

• Phone: (412) 396-6219
• Email:  [email protected]

Source: Duquesne University

4. Columbia University

• Program Cost:  Fully funded (up to 3 years)
• Application Due Date:  November 15th

Ph.D. in Nursing student at Columbia choose one of three major areas to study, which include Theoretical Foundations of Nursing Science, Analytical Foundations of Nursing Science, and Electives and Applications. The programming heavily focuses on publication, grantsmanship, presentation, and networking. In addition to their coursework, students participate in research experience and training.

Contact Columbia University about this program:

• Phone: (212) 305-5756
• Email: [email protected]

Source: Columbia University

5. Rush University

• Program Cost:  $1,344 per credit hour
• Program Length:  3-5 years
• Application Due Date:  March 4th

Rush University's Ph.D. in Nursing is fully online except for an on-campus orientation and summer intensive learning sessions. The program focuses on preparing nurses and non-nurses with graduate degrees to become leaders in clinical research and educators who influence healthcare policy. While many students keep working throughout the program, they often must take fewer hours while completing their dissertation.

Contact Rush University about this program:

• Phone : (312) 942-7100
• Email: [email protected]

Source: Rush University

What to Expect in a Ph.D. in Nursing Program

Nursing Ph.D. degrees focus on scholarship and nursing research. By the end of the course, you'll be able to conduct and publish evidence-based research that can alter the face of nursing practice and healthcare policy for future generations. 

Generally, these educational pathways combine graduate study and research activities and do not include clinical rotations. Instead, you will be required to complete a long-form research paper called a dissertation. To write your dissertation, you'll complete independent research based on a significant and relevant scientific inquiry in the nursing field. 

>> Related: The Best Nursing Research Topics

What Can You Do With a Ph.D. in Nursing?

Ph.D. in Nursing programs prepare graduates to pursue careers in research and teaching, advanced clinical practice, health care administration, and policy.  Following graduation, your future may hold a career as a nurse scientist, as an administrator, as a nurse educator, or in establishing health policy.

Ph.D. in Nursing Salary

Healthcare workers who hold a Ph.D. in nursing earn an average annual salary of $100,00 or $60.45 per hour , according to Payscale . However, your nursing salary will vary depending on your career, employer, location, experience, and other relevant factors.

How Much Does a Ph.D. in Nursing Degree Cost?

Ph.D. in nursing programs range from $400 to over $2,300 per credit hour at more distinguished institutions. However, several universities will fund your Ph.D. tuition itself or through a federal research grant. Most often, these funding opportunities are only available to full-time students, while part-timers must pay the full tuition costs.

How Long Do PhD in Nursing Programs Take?

Most Ph.D. in nursing programs take between 4-6 years to complete. Your educational timeline will vary based on your previous education and whether you attend full or part-time.

What Will You Learn in a PhD in Nursing Program?

Since all Ph.D. degrees in nursing emphasize healthcare research, their curriculums will all share certain core elements, which include:

• The philosophical and historical foundations of nursing knowledge
• Review of existing and evolving nursing theory
• Methods and process of developing theory
• Research methodology and data management
• Academic, research, practice, and policy development

Your graduate nursing program will consist of several key milestones to reinforce your education. These include:

• Leadership strategies related to nursing, healthcare, and research
• Mentorship and working alongside faculty on their individual research programs
• Immersion experiences are designed to encourage leadership and scholarship.
• Each student will be required to complete a dissertation.

Ph.D. in Nursing Program Requirements

Each university sets its own entry standards, which vary based on the type of program . However, general Ph.D. in nursing admission requirements include the following:

• BSN, MSN, or non-nursing graduate degree
• Personal research statement
• A minimum GPA of 3.0
• Admissions interview
• Writing sample
• Resume or curriculum vitae
• Letters of recommendation
• Unencumbered RN license
• Official post-secondary school transcripts
• TOEFL or IELTS scores

Is a Ph.D. in Nursing Degree Right for Me?

Your professional goals play a massive role in deciding whether to pursue a Ph.D. in nursing. If you're interested in scientific and academic nursing research, healthcare policy, or becoming a nurse educator, a Ph.D. in nursing is an excellent option. Remember, it will not qualify you for APRN positions, so if you have clinical aspirations, a DNP is the right doctoral nursing option.

Next Steps to Enroll in a PhD in Nursing Degree Program

Ready to start your educational journey toward earning a Ph.D. in Nursing? You can start working toward those goals today with these simple steps:

• Research Universities: Find a program that suits you based on your budget, attendance needs (e.g., part vs. full-time and in-person vs. online), and interests.
• Plan Applications: Understand the program requirements and application deadlines for each school you're applying to. Then, make a plan to collect and submit all the necessary materials and documentation on time.
• Prepare Properly: If a university considers you for Ph.D. candidacy, you'll attend an admissions interview. Planning and practicing this interview and paying close attention to why you chose the program and your research interests will optimize your chances of admission.

Plus, get exclusive access to discounts for nurses, stay informed on the latest nurse news, and learn how to take the next steps in your career.

By clicking “Join Now”, you agree to receive email newsletters and special offers from Nurse.org. We will not sell or distribute your email address to any third party, and you may unsubscribe at any time by using the unsubscribe link, found at the bottom of every email.

Our websites may use cookies to personalize and enhance your experience. By continuing without changing your cookie settings, you agree to this collection. For more information, please see our University Websites Privacy Notice .

UConn Today

• School and College News
• Arts & Culture
• Community Impact
• Entrepreneurship
• Health & Well-Being
• Research & Discovery
• UConn Health
• University Life
• UConn Voices
• University News

May 15, 2024 | Ashley O'Connell and Nicole Dobrzanski, UConn School of Nursing

UConn School of Nursing’s Dr. Tiffany Kelley awarded the 2024 Excellence and Innovation in Teaching Award

Dr. Tiffany Kelley PhD was awarded the 2024 Excellence and Innovation in Teaching Award by The American Association of Colleges of Nurses (AACN).

Dr. Kelley (center) at the 2024 American Association of Colleges of Nursing Award Ceremony.

The American Association of Colleges of Nurses (AACN) awarded Dr. Tiffany Kelley PhD, MBA, RN NI-BC FNAP the 2024 Excellence and Innovation in Teaching Award. The AACN, considered the national voice for academic nursing, works to establish, and implement quality standards for nursing education. The AACN was established in 1969 and currently represents over 865 schools of nursing in universities nationwide.

The AACN Excellence and Innovation in Teaching Award recognizes significant innovation and excellence in teaching and learning approaches in nursing education. The award is given to educators with five or more years of experience in a faculty position, holding a doctoral degree in nursing or related discipline, or a master’s degree in nursing. Award recipients have demonstrated success in acting as a role model for creating and sustaining a culture in nursing education.

Dr. Kelley was recognized for her strategic vision and achievement as a nursing leader integrating innovation theory and application content into the core curriculum of all nursing degree programs at the University of Connecticut, School of Nursing. Dr. Kelley was appointed as the Frederick A. DeLuca Foundation Visiting Professor for Innovations and New Knowledge in 2018 and charged with completing this strategic initiative. Since her appointment Dr. Kelley’s has led numerous innovative initiatives for both undergraduate and graduate students. In addition to providing innovation lectures in all degree programs, she leads the Honors Innovation Thesis pathway that provides undergraduate students the option to pursue a nursing innovation idea for their honors thesis.

Dr. Kelley has developed, implemented, and serves as the director of the Healthcare Innovation Online Graduate Certificate Program that brings together healthcare professionals who share a common goal of developing innovative solutions to address complex patient care issues.  A seed grant opportunity created by Dr. Kelley provides support to Healthcare Innovation graduate students in their innovation development efforts. The annual Healthcare Innovation award recognizes notable students and faculty for these innovation efforts.

Most recently, Kelley was awarded a common curriculum grant to develop Introduction to Healthcare Innovation, a course for undergraduate students across the University to explore healthcare innovation early in their academic pursuits.

“The opportunities to create positive change in nursing and healthcare are quite vast and noted amongst the nursing profession and healthcare industry. Yet, nurses and healthcare professionals must be prepared on how to create impactful and sustainable change. The ability to create such change is done through formal education and experiential learning,” -Dr. Kelley.

Dr. Kelley goes on to say, “I want to create opportunities for students to be able to question the challenges they see in the day to day, and subsequently explore their ideas on what could be possible in the future. For myself, once I was able to see that I have the ability to create change for the better, I looked at the world in a different way. I want to be able to help students see this as well through these educational learning opportunities. The earlier this is learned in life; the more time is available to make a positive impact.”

In March 2024, Dr. Kelley was inducted into the National Academies of Practice (NAP) as a Distinguished Fellow in the Nursing Academy. The NAP was established in 1981, with the mission to advance interprofessional education, scholarship, research, practice, and public policy. Distinguished NAP fellows, nominated by their peers, demonstrate enduring contributions to their profession over at least 10 years. Dr. Kelley was recognized as a visionary who has ambitiously sought to advance nursing informatics and pioneer nursing and healthcare innovation through intra- and inter-disciplinary practice, research, teaching, and scholarship. Dr. Kelley’s aim to break the status quo in nursing led to her academic and entrepreneurial career trajectory. In addition to her academic role, Dr. Kelley is the founder and CEO of two healthcare technology companies, Nightingale Apps and iCare Nursing Solutions.

Dr. Kelley also serves as the Co-Director of the Nursing and Engineering Innovation Center with Co-Director Leila Daneshmandi PhD, Assistant Professor of the College of Engineering.  Dr. Kelley’s healthcare technology background aligns well with the mission of the Nursing and Engineering Innovation Center, established in 2023. The purpose of this partnership between the School of Nursing and the College of Engineering is to foster and advance healthcare, workforce, and economic development to promote the ideation, creation, and commercialization of new evidence-based technologies that can address clinical unmet needs for the betterment of healthcare quality. The Nursing and Engineering Innovation Center is focused on four core pillars: research, education, community engagement, and technology transfer.

Making up the largest group of healthcare professionals, registered nurses use, develop, test, evaluate, and purchase healthcare technologies to support daily care delivery. Engineers have the technical knowledge, skills, and abilities to actualize new technologies. The interdisciplinary collaboration between these two disciplines, especially if begun early in the innovation and invention process will lead to lasting benefits and impact on society.  Kelley and Daneshmandi have implemented several initiatives already, including the Nursing and Engineering Innovation Fellowship Program. In this program, undergraduate nursing and engineering students apply for a competitive one-year fellowship opportunity to work in teams to identify an unmet healthcare need and develop a healthcare technology prototype solution. The Nursing and Engineering Fellowship is currently funded by a Venture Well Courses and Program Grant awarded to Kelley (Principal Investigator) and Daneshmandi (Co-Investigator).

“To innovate is to bring forward positive change for others. I am fortunate to be in an environment at the University of Connecticut School of Nursing where innovation is valued and palpable amongst the faculty, staff, students, alumni, and community. Generous philanthropic gifts, grant awards, and an overall supportive culture for innovation across the School and University at large have allowed us to continue to advance the nursing profession through our strategic educational efforts in preparing the next generation of nurses,” says Kelley.

“Dr. Kelley’s commitment to integrating innovation in teaching and learning approaches in nursing education has made significant contributions to the nursing profession”, says Dean Victoria Vaughan Dickson “we congratulate her on her recognition as a visionary leader by the AACN’s Excellence and Innovation in Teaching Award and her induction as a Distinguished fellow in the National Academies of Practice.”

If you are interested in learning more about the Nursing and Engineering Innovation Center, please contact either [email protected] or [email protected].

Recent Articles

May 17, 2024

Generous Gift Provides Superior Quality Steinway Pianos for UConn’s Music Students

Read the article

May 16, 2024

Revived Give and Go Program Helps People and Planet

Geriatric Care Program Now Available for Cancer Patients at UConn Health

Application deadline for pre-licensure programs: June 30th, 2024.

LPN vs. CNA: What Are the Differences in Salary, Education and Scope of Practice

Posted on: May 15, 2024;

Certified nursing assistants (CNAs) and licensed practical nurses (LPNs) are two entry-level positions in the nursing field with important roles within the healthcare environment , especially considering the ongoing nursing staff shortage. Although their job descriptions and workplace activities overlap, the two also feature considerable differences that can change their appeal when considering your future career.

If you have decided to embark on a journey to the nursing profession and want to join the workforce in an entry-level position, we will help you discover the differences between the LPN and CNA positions and decide which best reflects your expectations and professional experiences .

Let’s discuss the points that are central to the LPN vs. CNA comparison, including salary expectations , required education and licensing processes , as well as the job outlooks , duties and scope of practice .

What Is an LPN?

A licensed practical nurse , or licensed vocational nurse in Texas and California, is a healthcare professional who provides primary care and basic support to sick, injured, or disabled patients . 

LPNs often represent the forefront of caretaking , being in considerable demand in various healthcare settings, from hospitals, to hospices, or physicians’ offices. However, they can only perform their duties while under supervision and following the instructions of better-certified staff , such as registered nurses (RNs), nurse practitioners (NPs), doctors, or physicians.

What Is a CNA?

A certified nursing assistant is an entry-level role that provides hands-on vital support and care for patients in need across various healthcare settings .

CNAs perform a broad range of practical tasks that concern the daily lives of the patients in their care. While some of their responsibilities are medical, most of their functions center around bettering the quality of life and the services provided to patients . Similar to LPNs, CNAs also need to be under the direct supervision of higher-level nursing staff. However, in addition to RNs, NPs, doctors, or physicians, certified nursing assistants can also be supervised by licensed practical nurses .

LPN vs. CNA Salary Differences

The first essential difference between the LPN and CNA roles is in the expected salary you may expect to earn while occupying each position.

According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics , licensed practical nurses can expect to earn a median salary of $54,620 per year, or $26.26 per hour, at the national level. Comparably, certified nursing assistants earn, on average, $35,760 per year or $17.19 per hour. In other words, LPNs are paid better than CNAs on a national level, taking home $18,880 more per year .

LPN vs. CNA Salary Differences by State

However, there are comparable differences in your expected salary depending on the state in which you profess . For instance, the yearly salary difference between the best paying state and the worst paying state for CNAs amounts to $17,280. 

According to the BLS , the first five highest paying states for CNAs are Alaska ($44,420 per year), District of Columbia ($43,820), California ($43,570), New York ($43,450) and Oregon ($42,960). The worst paying states in the US for CNAs are Mississippi ($27,140 per year), Louisiana ($28,190), Alabama ($28,550), Oklahoma ($30,210) and Tennessee ($31,600).

Comparatively, LPNs are best paid in Washington ($69,950 per year), California ($69,930), Massachusetts ($68,170), Rhode Island ($66,770) and Alaska ($66,710). The lowest salaries for LPNs are found in Mississippi ($45,020 per year), Alabama ($45,260), West Virginia ($45,530), Arkansas ($45,990) and South Dakota ($46,000).

Read more about LPN salaries by state to understand your projected payment depending on your area.

Employment Outlook for CNAs and LPNs

Both the CNA and LPN positions are in high demand , with projected growth rates surpassing the 3% increase for all occupants of the healthcare industry. However, certified nursing assistants are more numerous and are projected to have more jobs by 2032 overall despite their growth rate increasing slower.

The overall employment of certified nursing assistants is projected to increase by 4% through 2032, amounting to 209,400 new openings each year . The net change from the current number of CNAs to the projected employment in 2032 would amount to 58,400 new jobs through the decade .

The pool of licensed practical nurses increases at a faster rate of 5% , albeit amounting to a lower number of yearly job openings of 54,400 . By 2032, there will be 34,900 new jobs for LPNs in the US .

Where Can CNAs And LPNs Find Employment?

The work settings and the employment outlook for each are similar for LPNs and CNAs, as both roles most often work in nursing care facilities . However, there are proportionally more CNAs than LPNs working in hospitals .

Most certified nursing assistants are employed in nursing care facilities and state nursing and private hospitals , with 33% working in each type of setting. Another 11% find work in facilities providing assisted living services and continuing care retirement communities. Home healthcare services provide employment for another 6% of certified nursing assistants, with government jobs making up another 4% .

Licensed practical nurses find employment most frequently in nursing and residential care facilities , representing 35% of the employment force. Hospitals , whether state, local, or private, employ another 15% of LPNs, home healthcare services employ 13% , and physicians’ offices employ 12% of LPNs, with another 6% of jobs being in government positions. 

CNA vs. LPN Salary Differences by Employer

Your future work setting will also affect your salary while also presenting LPN vs. CNA salary differences. Here are the median salaries by work setting for CNAs and LPNs:

The LPN vs. CNA salary differences based on work settings range from $13,280 for hospitals, up to $22,800 for home healthcare services, averaging at $19,173.

Differences Between LPN and CNA Education

The educational process represents one of the most important differences between the LPN and CNA positions. In general, licensed practical nurses spend more time preparing for licensure and are better prepared in nursing fields , compared to certified nursing assistants.

In order to become a licensed practical nurse, you need to attend a PN diploma program that generally takes one full year to complete . You can pursue PN diploma programs in public and private colleges, technical and vocational schools, as well as medical facilities, such as hospitals.

Certified nursing assistant programs take between 4 and 12 weeks to complete and can be attended in community colleges, vocational or trade schools, hospitals, or online in private colleges and educational institutions. Your certification program of choice should be approved by your state’s nursing board and the National League for Nursing Commission for Education Accreditation (NLN CNEA) . 

The period of training and the scope of education for CNAs can vary depending on the state in which they are certified, as opposed to LPNs, where there is a national standard.

What LPNs Learn vs. What CNAs Learn in School?

PN diploma programs will acquaint you with core nursing subjects , including biology, pharmacology, and basic nursing practices. Nursing assistant certification programs provide training in areas such as anatomy and physiology, excretory procedures, and practical skills. 

Both roles are highly practical and include hands-on tasks , and these aspects are visible in certifying programs. 

The curriculum of a PN diploma program is divided into theoretical education and supervised clinical experience. In general, aspiring practical nurses need to complete between 500 and 750 hours of requisite clinical experience . Similarly, CNAs are required to attend clinical hours, but only between 75 and 180 hours , depending on the program and state.  

Educational Requirements for LPN vs. CNA Programs

Both the PN diploma and CNA certification programs are undergraduate degrees that require a high school diploma or GED equivalent from their applicants . You will generally have to sit an examination for general education prerequisites for both types of programs.

Although the PN diploma program prepares you for a better-paid and better-prepared position, it is also more demanding on the side of learners, with nursing assistant certification programs allowing for flexible learning paths.

However, with Nightingale College’s PN Diploma Program , you can start your nursing career at the maximum convenience. The hybrid program that combines fully online instruction with on-ground supervised field experience in a setting that is easily accessible for you will allow you to accommodate your current lifestyle and obligations with your education.

Get in touch with Nightingale College and start your nursing career with our PN Diploma Program!

CNA vs. LPN Education Costs

Certified nursing assistants will pay comparatively less for their education, given the shorter program length, less training, and fewer opportunities compared to licensed practical nurses. CNA programs cost from $1,300 to $3,000 , while PN diploma program costs range from $12,000 to $15,000 .

CNA vs. LPN Licensing and Certification

Once you complete one of the two learning programs, you must sit a specific examination for certification or licensure.

Aspiring practical nurses must sit the NCLEX-PN , held by the National Council of State Boards of Nursing (NCSBN) . The exam is a 5-hour timed and computerized adaptive test , with questions consisting of subjects studied during the PN diploma program:

• Management of care
• Safety and infection control
• Health promotion and maintenance
• Psychosocial integrity
• Psychological integrity
• Basic care and comfort
• Pharmacological and parenteral therapies
• Reduction of risk potential
• Physiological adaptation

Once you pass the NCLEX-PN, you become a licensed practical nurse and can work in various settings under the supervision of RNs or other staff.

If you want to prepare for the NCLEX-PN in the most convenient way, consider attending the PN Diploma Program at Nightingale College . The hybrid program combines online theoretical instruction and on-site supervised field experience to prepare you to attend the exam and become an LPN in 12 months. Nightingale College also provides free tutoring, which is specially designed to prepare students to sit and successfully pass the NCLEX . 

Start your nursing career with our PN Diploma Program! Send in your application today!  

CNA certification is highly dependent on the state in which you are preparing, but generally, you have to attend a specific course and sit a final certification exam . This will consist of two parts: written and practical , respectively. 

The written portion of the exam takes 90 minutes and consists of multiple-choice questions . The practical part , also known as the clinical skills exam , has attendees demonstrate competencies in a selection of four clinical skills within 30 minutes . The clinical skills exam is also administered and observed by one test proctor and is attended one at a time.

Once you complete the exam successfully, you can work as a CNA in various healthcare settings, under the oversight of RNs, LPNs, or other staff.

CNA vs. LPN Scope of Practice Differences

Both certified nursing assistants and licensed practical nurses are at the forefront of providing hands-on healthcare and handling patient needs. However, their scope of practice differs depending on their interaction with other staff, as well as based on the usual tasks they perform.

The work of LPNs leans towards providing assistance to registered nurses and physicians in medical tasks . This can include taking vital signs, positioning patients for interventions, collecting samples for routine tests, and providing basic care and support to patients. Licensed practical nurses also need to maintain a clear line of communication between patients, nursing staff, and other caretakers . Thus, they must also keep clear patient records, reinforce and explain to patients the indications of RNs, and maintain a clear line of communication between all parties.

CNAs' tasks focus on assisting patients with daily activities , such as eating, bathing, and dressing, as well as improving the quality of their lives and the provided service. Thus, they will be responsible for bringing meals to patients, maintaining their hygiene, monitoring their health, dressing, and preparing them for examinations. Additionally, CNAs must ensure that patients have taken the prescribed medication . While still under the supervision of other nurses, including LPNs, CNAs do not have the same responsibilities for maintaining constant communication between patients and staff.

Career Advancement Options for LPNs and CNAs

While LPNs and CNAs are entry-level positions into the field of nursing, the career advancement opportunities they open for you are not the same.

If you become a CNA, the ways of advancing your career is by becoming an LPN , via a 1-year PN diploma program , or an RN , via a full-time program. While there are some bridge programs, especially to the LPN position, you will generally be required to take up the programs from scratch. 

By contrast, if you are an LPN , you can advance to the RN position by pursuing a 2-year ADN program or a 3-to-4-year BSN program , but also via a faster 16-month LPN-to-ASN bridge program . By pursuing RN licensure, you can unlock more job positions and specializations while also increasing your autonomy in the workplace.

Another method of improving your job situation is by earning certifications and accreditations for various tasks and positions . Both CNAs and LPNs have a wide array of certifications they can earn without advancing to a higher role. Certified nursing assistants can generally pursue accreditation for caregiving for sensitive patient groups (for example, Alzheimer’s caregiving or hospice and palliative nursing assistance) or for advancing their medical knowledge (such as wound care or medication aide certifications). Licensed practical nurses will often obtain certificates for highly specialized tasks , such as IV therapy or oxygen administration.

Should You Become a CNA or an LPN?

Whether you should become a CNA or an LPN will depend on your expectations from your nursing work, the desired career path, and your willingness and material capabilities to embark on their respective learning programs.

The CNA position finds its appeal in the short and low-requirement learning program , as well as in the lower threshold of responsibility in a future work environment . It is a good path to take, if you want to consolidate your basic nursing skills and accumulate experience , and that is why many hospitals allow students of BSN Programs to work as CNAs after their first year in school .

The LPN position comes with slightly more responsibilities and better job benefits , especially in payment, albeit requiring more time and commitment on your part . However, not only is it a good option for “testing the waters” of nursing as a long-term career, but it can also open faster routes to advancing to better positions , such as via the LPN-to-ASN path that promotes you to an RN in as few as 16 months.

In short, becoming a CNA is the bare minimum for entering the nursing industry, while LPNs are already considered to be nurses, with extensive responsibilities. While b oth are supervised positions , their day to day tasks will differ , with LPNs performing more medical ones , while CNAs being preoccupied with the caretaking of patients .

No matter which path you decide to take, we are beside you in your career to become a nurse and excel in your career.

Whether you decide to become an LPN right away or intend to keep it as an option for later on, the PN Diploma Program at Nightingale College is the easiest and most accessible option for your education. That is because we combine fully online concept-based theoretical education with the required on-ground supervised field experience to deliver to you the most effective way of sitting and passing the NCLEX-PN . 

Start your nursing journey with our PN Diploma Program! Send in your application today!

LPN vs. CNA FAQs

Who gets paid more between lpns and cnas.

Licensed practical nurses paid better than certified nursing assistants , both in general and in each work setting they can access. Overall, median LPN salaries are higher than CNA salaries by $18,880, with differences based on the work environment, ranging from $13,280 for hospitals up to $22,800 for home healthcare services, with an average of $19,173. 

Are LPNs Like CNAs?

LPN and CNA roles are similar in that they are entry-level positions for aspiring nurses, require supervision from other staff, and assume hands-on tasks . However, their scope of work differs considerably , with LPNs taking up more medical ones while CNAs deal with the primary care and upkeep of patients. Their educational requirements are also completely different , with LPNs spending more time in school.

Are LPNs and CNAs Considered Nurses?

As their name implies, only LPNs are considered nurses , with CNAs being only assistants to nurses, a difference that is reflected in the scope of their tasks and responsibilities. This is also why licensed practical nurses can supervise certified nursing assistants but not the other way around.

Should You Become a CNA Before an LPN?

You should consider becoming a CNA only if you want to accumulate basic experience in a healthcare setting without committing to a 1-year PN Diploma Program . However, remember that you will eventually have to advance to LPN or RN positions.

Read our LPN vs. RN comparison to figure out which specialization you should pursue if you already are a CNA or consider becoming one first.

How Can You Become an LPN as a CNA?

While you may find some accelerated programs for advancement, you will generally need to pursue a complete 1-year PN Diploma Program .

If you do so at Nightingale College, you can proceed with your education in the most convenient way that fits your lifestyle and obligations . Beyond the hybrid online-learning-on-ground-practical framework that ensures maximum accessibility for our learners, we also guarantee that our concept-based curriculum and additional tutoring materials fully prepare you to sit and pass the NCLEX-PN .

Send in your application today and advance your career with our PN Diploma Program!

5 Public Health Courses Premeds Should Take

Epidemiology and health policy are among courses that can help help aspiring medical students become physician leaders.

Premeds Take 5 Public Health Courses

Getty Images

Studying health policy helps future doctors understand policies at local, national, and international levels, and teaches them to advocate for their patients.

As a premedical student, you can take public health courses that will allow you to better understand health at a population level. An understanding of public health can help you become a physician leader in the community.

The COVID-19 pandemic put a spotlight on the importance of public health . While not perfect, our local and national public health infrastructure allowed the public to understand the severity of the COVID-19 disease as well as create measures to protect the health of our communities.

While the COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the importance of public health, there are other diseases where doctors are called upon to promote population-level changes while taking care of patients.

Doctors serve as leaders in their communities by providing medical expertise and advocating for public health initiatives. They can translate their insights from patient care to create hospitalwide and communitywide policies to protect other individuals, and doctors who are trained in epidemiology and community health can study the transmission of the diseases. They can also spearhead community public health initiatives, including health education campaigns and community clinics, to expand access to medical care.

Dr. Rishi Mediratta graduated from Johns Hopkins University in Maryland with a bachelor’s in public health studies. That degree gave him a foundational understanding of global health issues, public health theories and statistics that enabled him to conduct research and create community health programs in Ethiopia focused on combatting child mortality.

"Throughout college and during my first gap year before medical school, I founded the Ethiopian Orphan Health Foundation, a nonprofit organization that provided community-based health care and education to 91 orphans near Gondar, Ethiopia," he says.

"I integrated lessons that I learned from my classes in epidemiology and public health to partner with community members to help orphaned children. For instance, I saw how Ethiopians bonded during traditional coffee ceremonies. I used coffee ceremonies to create a dialogue with the community about stigmatized child health topics.”

Mediratta then pursued a master’s of science in public health at the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine as a British Marshall Scholar.

“Further public health studies showed me the various stakeholders involved in creating global health policies for newborns and children. I learned how health policies were created based on synergies from multiple perspectives. These insights were instrumental when I worked with policymakers at the World Bank and World Health Organization.”

Mediratta received his medical degree at Stanford University School of Medicine in California, where he continued to spearhead initiatives to improve population health, primary care and global health. Now he is a clinical associate professor of pediatrics at Stanford medical school and a faculty fellow at the Center for Innovation in Global Health.

These public health classes and topics will be helpful for premedic students :

• Biostatistics • Epidemiology • Health equity • Health policy • Community health and community-based classes

Biostatistics

Biostatistics is the application of statistics to life sciences, including public health. In a biostatics class, premeds learn quantitative and qualitative data collection methods as well as when to use different types of statistical analyses.

Premed students who take biostatistics will be able to better understand the role of evidence in public health research, policy and clinical practice, critically evaluate medical literature and tailor their treatment plans for patients based on rigorous scientific evidence, Mediratta says.

Epidemiology

Epidemiology is the study of diseases or disorders within groups of people and ways to prevent or control them. Premed students who take an epidemiology course will be able to understand the causes, prevalence and distribution of a disease in the community. Doctors who understand the epidemiology of a disease can help make informed decisions about prevention and treatment for their patients.

“Knowing epidemiology allows me to appreciate nuances in the distribution of clinical symptoms, risk factors, and diseases in populations," Mediratta says. "For example, I learned how newborns in low- and middle-income countries die from prematurity, complications from birth and sepsis. I developed and validated a Neonatal Mortality Score that predicts which newborns are likely to die when they are admitted to neonatal intensive care units in Ethiopia. I hope that one day, health care providers can use our research to more quickly identify newborns who are at risk of dying and provide them with monitoring and interventions that save their lives.”

Health Equity

Health equity courses teach premedical students about health care disparities – which vary by income, race/ethnicity, sexual orientation and disability status – and inequities within populations. These courses also give students ways to advocate for disadvantaged individuals and populations.

Premedical students can take a general health equity class or seminars focused on specific populations or health systems that incorporate health equity. “Doctors who are knowledgeable about health care disparities can advocate for equitable access to health care services," Mediratta says. "Through research, advocacy and community involvement, physicians can address the social determinants of health that contribute to health inequities.”

Health Policy

In a health policy class, premeds will learn about health care systems and the stakeholders influencing health care policies. Studying health policy helps future doctors understand policies at local, national, and international levels, and teaches them to advocate for their patients by supporting policies that promote better access to quality health care and decrease health care disparities.

Reflecting on his clinical practice, Mediratta says, “understanding the factors that influence health policies has allowed me to help my patients navigate our complex health care system, such as connecting patients to services covered by their medical insurance or accessing transportation services to and from hospitals.”

Community Health and Community-Based Classes

A community health course explores the multifaceted factors influencing health outcomes, including social determinants of health and environmental factors, and also examines public health interventions. Some courses include an experiential learning component so students can conduct projects that address community health needs.

Mediratta, for instance, taught an elective at Stanford University that allowed students to collaborate with community partners to creatively implement projects that address COVID-19-related challenges.

"One student produced a children’s book that combatted vaccine hesitancy and created read-aloud videos of the book. Even after the class ended, the student organized workshops in elementary schools to educate children about vaccine. Our class serves as a model for how universities can implement medical service-learning courses to empower students while simultaneously addressing the community’s needs.”

Taking public health courses during your premedical career will give you strong foundational knowledge to be a health care leader. As a doctor, you will be able to help your patients navigate through the challenges of health care systems, participate in policymaking that affects millions of individuals, and direct research projects that advance the health of our communities.

Medical School Application Mistakes

Tags: medical school , public health , graduate schools , education , students

About Medical School Admissions Doctor

Need a guide through the murky medical school admissions process? Medical School Admissions Doctor offers a roundup of expert and student voices in the field to guide prospective students in their pursuit of a medical education. The blog is currently authored by Dr. Ali Loftizadeh, Dr. Azadeh Salek and Zach Grimmett at Admissions Helpers , a provider of medical school application services; Dr. Renee Marinelli at MedSchoolCoach , a premed and med school admissions consultancy; Dr. Rachel Rizal, co-founder and CEO of the Cracking Med School Admissions consultancy; Dr. Cassie Kosarec at Varsity Tutors , an advertiser with U.S. News & World Report; Dr. Kathleen Franco, a med school emeritus professor and psychiatrist; and Liana Meffert, a fourth-year medical student at the University of Iowa's Carver College of Medicine and a writer for Admissions Helpers. Got a question? Email [email protected] .

Popular Stories

Best Colleges

Applying to Graduate School

Paying for College

Medical School Admissions Doctor

Applying to College

You May Also Like

Get accepted to multiple top b-schools.

Anayat Durrani May 16, 2024

Premeds and Emerging Medical Research

Zach Grimmett May 14, 2024

How to Get a Perfect Score on the LSAT

Gabriel Kuris May 13, 2024

Fortune 500 CEOs With a Law Degree

Cole Claybourn May 7, 2024

Why It's Hard to Get Into Med School

A.R. Cabral May 6, 2024

Pros, Cons of Unaccredited Law Schools

Gabriel Kuris May 6, 2024

An MBA and Management Consulting

Sammy Allen May 2, 2024

Med School Access for Minority Students

Cole Claybourn May 2, 2024

Different jobs with med degree

Jarek Rutz April 30, 2024

Completing Medical School in Five Years

Kate Rix April 30, 2024