presentation on life processes class 10

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Unit 1: Life processes

About this unit.

In this unit, we learn about basic life processes such as photosynthesis, nutrition, transportation and excretion.

What are life processes?

• Intro to life processes (Opens a modal)

Nutrition & types

• Autotrophs & heterotrophs (nutrition modes) (Opens a modal)
• Types of nutrition Get 3 of 4 questions to level up!

Autotrophic nutrition

• Photosynthesis (Opens a modal)
• Guard cells and stomata Get 3 of 4 questions to level up!
• Photosynthesis and respiration Get 3 of 4 questions to level up!

Nutrition in human beings

• Digesting Food (Opens a modal)
• Digestion in Intestines Get 5 of 7 questions to level up!
• Human digestion Get 3 of 4 questions to level up!

Respiration

• Aerobic & anaerobic respiration (Opens a modal)
• Respiration site & ATP (Opens a modal)
• Meet the lungs! (Opens a modal)
• The lungs and pulmonary system (Opens a modal)
• Inhaling and exhaling (Opens a modal)
• How does lung volume change? (Opens a modal)
• The respiratory system review (Opens a modal)
• Types of respiration Get 3 of 4 questions to level up!
• Breathing in animals Get 5 of 7 questions to level up!

Transportation in plants

• Intro to vascular tissues (xylem & phloem) (Opens a modal)
• Xylem & transpiration (Opens a modal)
• Phloem & translocation (Opens a modal)
• Transportation in plants Get 3 of 4 questions to level up!

Transportation in animals

• Meet the heart! (Opens a modal)
• Flow through the heart (Opens a modal)
• Two circulations in the body (Opens a modal)
• Arteries vs. veins - what's the difference? (Opens a modal)
• Lymph & lymphatic system (Opens a modal)
• The circulatory system review (Opens a modal)
• Transportation in human beings Get 3 of 4 questions to level up!
• Blood vessels and their maintenance Get 3 of 4 questions to level up!
• Meet the kidneys! (Opens a modal)
• Parts of a nephron (Opens a modal)
• Excretion in human beings Get 3 of 4 questions to level up!

[PPT] Life processes Class 10 Notes

Life processes class 10 notes ppt.

Life processes class 10 notes covers Living Being, Basic concept of nutrition, Respiration, Transport and Excretion in plants and animals

Topics and Sub-topics (Life processes Class 10 Notes)

◈ Part 1: Nutrition in plants ◈ Part 2: Nutrition in human ◈ Part 3: Respirationin plants and animals ◈ Part 4: Transportation in plants and animals ◈ Part 5: Excretion in plants and animals

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Life Processes (Chapter 6) - PPT, Class 10 Science PDF Download

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• Life Processes Class 10 Notes CBSE Science Chapter 6 (Free PDF Download)
• Revision Notes

Revision Notes for CBSE Class 10 Science Chapter 6 - Free PDF Download

CBSE Notes of Class 10 Science Life Process Chapter 6 provide explanations of all essential topics by subject experts free of cost. We help students like you to revise the entire Chapter within a short period. Our Notes of Class 10 Science Chapter 6 are available in easily downloadable PDF form that will boost your preparation for any classwork or any exam. You can utilize our life processes Class 10 Notes PDF to clear your doubts and get a deeper understanding of the subject.

Vedantu is a platform that provides free CBSE Solutions (NCERT) and other study materials for students. Maths Students who are looking for the better solutions, they can download Class 10 Maths NCERT Solutions to help you to revise complete syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Download CBSE Class 10 Science Revision Notes 2024-25 PDF

Also, check CBSE Class 10 Science revision notes for All chapters:

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Access Class 10 Science Chapter 6 - Life Processes - Summary Note

The study of living things is referred to as biology. Organisms refer to all living things, which includes both plants and animals. However, seven life processes influence how we determine if something is alive or not. If anything is alive, it will go through the 7 life processes listed below.

1. Movement

Animals and plants both have the ability to move around. Plants are rooted and grow at a leisurely pace. Their roots go deeper into the soil, while their stems reach for the sun. Animals, on the other hand, can shift their entire bodies swiftly. They have the ability to migrate in pursuit of food, shelter, or safety.

2. Respiration

The process of getting energy from the food we eat is known as respiration. All living things need to breathe in order to develop, replace worn-out parts and move. Respiration occurs in the cell's mitochondria.

3. Sensitivity

All living things are sensitive, which means they are aware of changes in their surroundings. Heat, light, sound, touch, and chemicals with taste and smell are all stimuli that animals respond to swiftly. Plants, on the other hand, appear to be less sensitive and respond more slowly.

Growing is a process that occurs in all living creatures. Plants keep growing for the rest of their lives. When animals reach adulthood, they stop growing. Even when development ceases, an animal's body continues to be replenished with materials obtained from its food.

5. Excretion

All living things produce waste products, which can be either useless or hazardous to them and hence must be disposed of. The process of excretion is the removal of metabolic waste. Plants retain waste substances in their leaves, and as the leaves fall off, the garbage is eliminated. Other waste substances exit the body in urine and sweat, and animals breathe out waste carbon dioxide.

Note: Egestion, not excretion, is the process of getting rid of faeces or undigested food.

6. Reproduction

In order for their species to survive, all living organisms must produce offspring who are genetically identical to themselves. Reproduction is the term for this process. Plants generate seeds, which germinate and produce new plants of the same species. Animals either lay eggs or have children. There are two types of reproduction: sexual and asexual. Sexual reproduction includes two parents and the union of two gametes, whereas asexual reproduction involves one parent reproducing itself.

7. Nutrition

Food is required for energy and growth in both plants and animals. Photosynthesis allows plants to produce their own food. Simple molecules like carbon dioxide and water are converted into more complex carbohydrate molecules using sunlight. Animals are unable to produce their own food and must rely on the nourishment of other plants and animals. Animals consume complicated substances and deconstruct them into small, soluble molecules that can be utilised for energy and growth.

Nutrition: The process of nutrition provides the energy required to carry out various living activities. Organisms are classed as autotrophs or heterotrophs based on their mode of nourishment.

A. Autotrophic Nutrition: 

When organisms obtain their organic components from inorganic sources, they are said to be autotrophic. Carbon dioxide and nitrates are the primary sources of carbon and nitrogen, respectively. All green plants are autotrophic, meaning they use light as a source of energy to produce food via photosynthesis.

\[6C{{O}_{2}}+12{{H}_{2}}O\xrightarrow[\text{Chlorophyll}]{\text{Sunlight}}{{C}_{6}}{{H}_{12}}{{O}_{6}}+6{{H}_{2}}O+6{{O}_{2}}\]

During this process, the following things happen.

Light energy absorption by chlorophyll.

Light energy is converted to chemical energy, and water molecules are divided into hydrogen and oxygen.

Carbon dioxide is converted to carbohydrates.

The roots of these green plants collect water from the soil. Sunlight enters the plant through its stomata and is absorbed by chlorophyll and other green elements of the plant.

B. Heterotrophic Nutrition: Heterotrophs are entirely reliant on autotrophs for their food.

Heterotrophic nutrition is divided into three categories:

Holozoic Nutrition: Complex foods are ingested through a specialised digestive system and broken down into little pieces so that they can be absorbed. For example, Amoeba and Humans.

Saprophytic Nutrition: It refers to the feeding of organisms on the dead organic remnants of other creatures. Fungi, for example, enjoy bread moulds, yeast, and mushrooms.

Parasitic Nutrition: Parasites feed on other living beings (the host), with no benefit to the host. Cuscuta, ticks, lice, leeches, and tapeworms are examples.

How Do Organisms Obtain their Nutrition? 

Food can be taken in by the entire surface of single-celled organisms. For example, an amoeba takes in food by building a food-vacuole out of transient finger-like extensions of the cell surface that fuse over the food particle. Complex compounds are broken down inside the food vacuole into simpler ones, which eventually diffuse into the cytoplasm. The remaining undigested material is pushed to the cell's surface and discarded.

Human Nutrition: Food digestion takes place in the alimentary canal, which is made up of several organs and glands.

The remaining undigested material is moved to the surface of the cell and thrown out. 

Food is chewed into minute particles in the mouth and combined with saliva, which contains amylase for starch digestion.

Food goes through the pharynx and oesophagus on its way to the stomach when swallowed. Pepsin (a protein-digesting enzyme), \[HCl\] and mucus are found in gastric juice.

The hydrochloric acid generates an acidic environment for the enzyme pepsin to work in. Under normal circumstances, mucus protects the stomach's inner lining from the acid's activity.

The meal now enters the small intestine from the stomach. The small intestine is where carbs, proteins, and lipids are completely digested.

Bile is secreted by the liver, which emulsifies fat.

Pancreatic juice, which contains the enzymes amylase, trypsin, and lipase for digesting starch, proteins, and fats, is secreted by the pancreas.

Carbohydrates, proteins, and fats are entirely digested in the small intestine, resulting in glucose, amino acids, fatty acids, and glycerol.

The small intestine villi absorb the digested food and deliver it to all of the body's cells.

The undigested food is transferred to the large intestine, where it is absorbed by additional villi. The anus is used to eliminate the rest of the material from the body.

Nutrition in Paramoecium

Paramoecium attains nutrition through the process of holozoic nutrition, where the organism ingests liquid or solid food particles inside its body.

The cilia present on the Paramoecium help them to engulf the food particles through the oral groove.

The digested food passes through the cytoplasm by the process of cyclosis and reaches the food vacuoles, which is then absorbed by the cytoplasm. 

The undigested food is later, taken out through the tiny pore known as cytopyge or anal pore.

Respiration: 

The digested food items are broken down during breathing to release energy in the form of ATP.

Respiration can be one of two forms, depending on the amount of oxygen required:

Aerobic respiration: This occurs when there is air present (oxygen).

Anaerobic respiration: This occurs when there is no (air) oxygen present.

The breakdown of glucose, a six-carbon molecule, into pyruvate, a three-carbon molecule, is the first step in all cases. The cytoplasm was involved in this process. Pyruvate can also be converted to ethanol and carbon dioxide. During fermentation, yeast undergoes this process. Anaerobic respiration is the name given to a process that occurs without the presence of oxygen (air). In the mitochondria, pyruvate is broken down utilising oxygen.

When compared to anaerobic respiration, aerobic respiration releases a lot of energy.

When there is a shortage of oxygen in our muscle cells, pyruvate is transformed into lactic acid. Cramping occurs when lactic acid builds up in our muscles as a result of an abrupt activity.

Aquatic species use oxygen dissolved in water for respiration, whereas terrestrial organisms use air oxygen.

In humans, inhalation of air occurs through the following pathway: Nostrils $\to $Nasal passage $\to $ Pharynx $\to $ Larynx $\to $ Trachea $\to $ Bronchus $\to $ Bronchiole $\to $ Alveolus  

Air enters the body via the nostrils in humans. Fine hairs line the channel, filtering the air that passes through the nose. Mucus lines the channel, assisting in the process. The air then enters the lungs via the throat. The neck is lined with cartilage rings. They keep the airway from collapsing.

The channel within the lungs divides into smaller and smaller tubes that eventually finish in balloon-line formations known as alveoli.

The alveoli of the lungs are densely packed with blood and serve as locations for gas exchange \[\left( {{O}_{2}}\text{ and }C{{O}_{2}} \right)\] between the blood and the atmosphere. 

The blood transports carbon dioxide from the rest of the body to the alveoli, while blood in the alveolar blood vessels absorbs oxygen from the alveolar air and transports it to all of the body's cells. During the breathing cycle, when air is inhaled and exhaled, the lungs always have a residual volume of air so that oxygen may be absorbed and carbon dioxide can be exhaled in adequate time.

The respiratory pigment haemoglobin transports oxygen from the lungs to the body's various tissues in humans. The red blood cells contain this pigment.

Transportation:

Transportation in Human Beings: 

The heart, blood, and blood arteries make up the circulatory system, which transports various materials throughout the body.

The human heart is divided into four chambers: two atria (right and left) and two ventricles (right and left) (right and left). These chambers prevent oxygen-rich blood from mixing with carbon dioxide-rich blood. Deoxygenated blood is delivered to the right half of the heart, while oxygenated blood is delivered to the left.

The carbon dioxide-rich blood must reach the lungs in order for the carbon dioxide to be eliminated, and the oxygenated blood must return to the heart. The oxygen-rich blood is subsequently circulated throughout the body.

The walls of the ventricles are significantly thicker than the walls of the atrium.

Humans have twofold circulation, which means blood passes through the heart twice and oxygenated and deoxygenated blood are separated completely.

Arteries transport blood from the heart to various regions of the body, while veins return it to the heart. Thin capillaries connect arteries to veins, allowing materials to be exchanged between the blood and cells.

Platelet cells are found in blood and circulate throughout the body, preventing blood loss at the site of damage.

Lymph has a role in transportation as well. It's similar to blood plasma, but it's colourless and has less protein. From the intercellular gaps, it empties into lymphatic capillaries, which connect to major lymph arteries, which then open into bigger veins. It transports fat from the intestine that has been digested and absorbed, as well as excess fluid from extracellular space back into the circulation.

Transportation in plants: 

Plant transport systems will carry raw materials from roots and energy stores from leaves. These two paths are made up of conducting tubes that are set up separately. The xylem, for example, transports water and minerals from the soil. The phloem, on the other hand, carries photosynthetic products from the leaves to other sections of the plant.

The xylem tissue of roots stems, and leaves (tracheids and vessels) are interwoven to form a continuous system of water transmitting channels that reaches all parts of the plant. Water is driven into the xylem cells of the roots as a result of suction pressure created by transpiration. Then, through the interconnecting water-carrying channels, water moves steadily from the root xylem to all sections of the plant.

Transpiration is the loss of water from the plant's aerial portions in the form of vapour. As a result, it aids in the absorption and upward transfer of dissolved minerals in water from the roots to the leaves. It also controls the temperature.

Translocation happens in phloem and is the movement of soluble photosynthetic products. Amino acids and other chemicals are transported via it. Food and other substances are transported in the sieve tubes in both upward and downward directions with the help of nearby partner cells.

Energy is used to facilitate translocation in the phloem. Sucrose is transported into phloem tissue with the help of ATP energy. This causes the tissue's osmotic pressure to rise, allowing water to enter. This is the pressure. This allows the phloem to transfer material in accordance with the needs of the plant. For example, in the spring, sugar stored in root or stem tissue would be transported to the buds which need energy to grow. 

Excretion: 

The toxic metabolic nitrogenous wastes produced are excreted from the body during excretion.

Excretion in Human Beings:  

The excretory system in humans consists of two kidneys, two ureters, the urine bladder, and the urethra. The abdomen has two kidneys, one on each side of the backbone. The ureters transport urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder, where it is held until it is discharged through the urethra.

Nephrons are basic filtration units found in great numbers in each kidney. As the urine passes along the tube, several substances in the initial filtrate, such as glucose, amino acids, salts, and a significant amount of water, are selectively reabsorbed. The amount of water reabsorbed is determined by the amount of excess water in the body as well as the amount of dissolved waste to be expelled. The urine produced by each kidney eventually enters the ureter, a lengthy tube that connects the kidneys to the urinary bladder until the inflated bladder causes the urge to send it out through the urethra. Because the bladder is muscular, it is controlled by the neurological system. As a result, we are able to manage our urge to urinate.

Excretion in plants: 

Plants do not have an excretory system and excrete through a variety of mechanisms, including transpiration, waste release into the surrounding soil, leaf loss, and waste storage in cell vacuoles. Other waste materials are retained in ancient xylem as resins and gums.

CBSE Class 10 Science Notes Chapter 6

Cbse class 10 chapter 6 notes.

CBSE Class 10 Chapter 6 Life Processes Science notes cover all the essential concepts in clear and easy language, so you revise it quickly during your exams by downloading them in PDF file for free from the official website of Vedantu or its app.

Chapter 6 Life Processes cover all the processes of living organisms that are required for the proper functioning of the human body like Respiration, Nutrition, excretion (both in plants and animals), sexual reproduction etc. To understand the essential functions of the human body and plants, it is crucial to understand all the concepts of Chapter 6 Class 10 Science thoroughly and Class 10 ch 6 Science notes will help you in that.

About CBSE Science Chapter 6 – Life Processes

The life processes Class 10 Notes cover the entire Chapter of the NCERT book in a step-by-step method so that you can learn and revise without much effort. Life processes Chapter covers all the essential functions and actions that all living being performs to survive. These processes are important because they fulfil the basic requirements of a living being, including nutrition, energy needs, circulation of materials within the body, excretion, and others. If anyone component of the life processes does not function, the entire body will suffer, and survival will become difficult. 

Our Class 10 Biology Notes-life processes PDF will help you understand all the different concepts from the Chapter clearly. You will also be able to manage your school assignments and your board examinations in a much better way. We understand that it can be difficult for you to create your own Notes when you have a short amount of time to dedicate to each Chapter. But, it does not mean that you cannot get good Notes resources online. Vedantu provides you with the latest version of NCERT book Class 10 Science Notes life processes provide you with an appropriate and detailed explanation of all the processes along with diagrammatic representations so that they are embedded in your memory for much longer.  

Class 10 Science Chapter 6 Notes

Class 10 is the alpha stage of your life; the more dedication you pay in your studies, the better your future will be; this is what we suggest to all the students who enroll in our studying program or reach us for guidance. Class 10th board exams require great practice over the concepts in subjects like Physics, Chemistry, and a good knowledge of Biology.

Searching for reliable CBSE Class 10 Science Chapter 6 Life Processes becomes a hassling task when you are looking for the content of all the topics in one go. Don’t worry; at Vedantu, you will get the contents of all the topics at a single-desk. Life Processes Class 10 Notes prepared by our subject-matter experts are at par with the latest CBSE guidelines. Learning Ch 6 Science Class 10 Notes and Class 10 Biology Chapter 1 Notes from Vedantu will help you score high in the upcoming board exam. Now, let’s discuss what Chapter 6 is all about.

Life Processes Class 10 Notes

Class 10 Life Process Notes will discuss the following things:

Life Processes

What are Life Processes?

Basic Concept of Nutrition

Respiration

Transportation, and Excretion in Plants & Animals.

The Sub-topics Covered in the Chapter Lies Hereunder:

CBSE Class 10 Science Chapter 6 Life Processes Notes

Section - 6.1 - what are life processes.

The basic processes of life include the following:

Organization

Responsiveness and Movements,

Reproduction

Humans represent the complex form of life; they have the following additional requirements:

Section - 6.2 - Nutrition

Under this section, the students will understand what are nutrients, what is nutrition, its and types, viz: Autotrophic & Heterotrophic nutrition. 

Green plants that prepare food for themselves and others are autotrophic because they are capable of self-feeding, while humans are heterotrophs because they depend on others for their survival.

Lichens have a symbiotic association with algae and fungi, where algae are autotropic and fungi are heterotrophs because they depend on others for feeding. 

Section - 6.3 - Respiration 

Respiration is the process of movement of oxygen from the outside environment to the cells within tissues and exhaling of Carbon Dioxide to the environment. 

Section - 6.4 - Transportation

Transporation in Human beings: Circulatory System

Transportation in Plants - Xylem and Phloem

Section - 6.5 - Excretion

Human excretion System - Kidney

Excretion system in Plants

Other Chapters in the Science NCERT Book of Class 10

1. Chemical Reactions and Equations

2. Acids, Bases, and Salts

3. Metals and Non-Metals

4. Carbon and its Compounds

5. Periodic Classification of Elements

6. Life Processes

7. Control and Coordination

8. How do Organisms Reproduce

9. Heredity and Evolution

10. Light (Reflection and Refraction)

11. The Human Eye and Colourful World

12. Electricity

13. Magnetic Effects of Electric Current

14. Sources of Energy

15. Our Environment

16. Management of Natural Resources

Types of Questions You Can Expect from the Class 10 Science Chapter 6 – Life Processes 

It is important for you to go through the Biology Chapter 1 Class 10 Notes thoroughly. You can get varied kinds of questions from the Chapter. You can expect the following type of question, and you need to be ready to answer any of these in your board examination –

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Short Answer Type Questions

Long Answer Type Questions

Practical-Based Questions

Not that you know the different types of questions to expect, you also need to know the marks that these questions carry so that you can practice answering questions accordingly. You do not want to waste your time writing more than what is needed. 

About Vedantu Life Processes Class 10 Notes       

NCERT books are prescribed by the CBSE board for students of Class 10. The Science book has a lot of Chapters, and each of them has a lot of texts. Science Chapter 6 of Class 10 is one of the most important Chapters for examiners. If you think that you can just skim over the texts in the NCERT Science book, you are wrong. Our Biology Class 10 life processes Notes are your best resource of all the crucial topics and explanations for it. You can quickly revisit the key points in the different sections through our Class 10 Science Notes life processes. It will help you complete school assignments and also prepare you for the board examinations. You can download all of our life processes Class 10 NCERT Notes for free on this page and use it to score high marks in the board exams. Our Notes of Science Class 10 Chapter 6 are created by the best subject experts who know how students study. They make the notes so that it becomes easier for students like you to achieve your goal. Let us see how you can use our Notes for your learning.

How to Use Our Class 10 Science Chapter 6 Life Processes for Your Learning?

If your Class 10 exams are near, you need to be fully prepared for it. You will find our Notes of Science Class 10 Chapter 6 along with other study materials to be quite effective in helping you learn and then revise before the exam. All of our Notes are easy language along with diagrams and flowcharts to make it easy for you to follow. 

Since you are on this page, you are looking for Notes of Biology Chapter 1 Class 10 to help you; then, you have made the right decision. We provide you with the Notes of the Chapter using which you can solve questions and practice for your exams with ease. You can download our Class 10 Science Chapter 6 life processes Notes to your device. To learn the Chapter, you need to follow these easy steps –

Firstly, read and understand the Notes properly.

Once you have completed the entire Chapter, solve the questions of the Chapter that you are reading. 

Next, you should solve assignments and worksheets as provided on our platform.

If you have problems recalling answers, you can get back to the Notes.

The field of Science, especially in Class 10, can put students like you under immense pressure. You will not only be appearing for the exam, but Class 10 will help you plan for your future too. We want to spend time on learning information and not going through the same text again and again, and still not be able to memorize it. We make the learning process faster, easier, and much more reliable. You will be learning everything that you need and also make it stick. Before you learn how to use our Notes, you need to know what Chapter 6 of Science Class 10 covers.

Why is the Class 10th Board Examination Important For You?

In 2010, the CBSE had made Class 10 board options to help remove the fear of exams from students since it was causing stress in students. At that time, students were evaluated on the basis of CCE or Continuous and Comprehensive Evaluation. But, after 2016, there were concerns over the removal of board examinations and the impact it was having on the student’s future. Thus, in 2018, it was decided to make Class 10 board exams compulsory again. It shows why the importance of board examinations cannot be ignored. Here are some of the top reasons why Class 10 board examination is necessary for students – 

Learn How to Handle Stress – The reason why Class 10 was made optional was to avoid stress in students. But, another way to look at it is to change how students perceived stress. It is essential that students take Class 10 board examinations as an experience where they know how to tackle stress and learn new skills such as planning, scheduling, time management, and more. Instead of focusing on the negative impact of the fear of exams, you should focus more on the positive aspects of the exam and learn how to handle it. When you train your brain to focus on only the positive things, it will enhance your productivity and also make you more capable.      

Help You Understand Where You Stand – For most students, their Class 10 board examination will be the first national exam that they appear in. It means that they will not just be competing with their classmates, but also with students across India. Competitions are facts of life, and there is no way for students to escape it. Since CBSE board examination is conduction on a national level, you can know where you stand in the competition. If you do well, then you are among the top students, but if you do not do well, it means you need to put in more effort than before. You will feel happy when you score well in the exams. 

Know How Class 10 Board Exams will be Like – Class 12 board exam is an important exam as it will allow you to choose your career path thereon. Class 10 board exams provide you an opportunity to know what Class 10 holds for you. You will experience going to another school, be around teachers you do not know. It will make you more confident about your capability and help you face the class 10 boards without any worries. 

Learn How to Face Your Fear – When you have successfully faced and sat for the Class 10 board exams, you will be able to face any kind of test thereon. You will become confident in facing much tougher exams. Instead of seeing exams as a hurdle or running away from tough questions, you will be able to take exams without the fear of failing it. 

Allow You to Learn – Even though students do not like the pressure of exams, taking the Class 10 board exams will help you learn how to deal with pressure and go through tough situations. You will learn how to multitask, perform under pressure, and also manage your time well. So, giving Class 10 board exams will allow you to learn new skills and also work towards finding solutions to problems.

Helps If You Want to Change School – If you have been looking to change schools, getting good marks in Class 10 will surely make it easier for you. Most schools will want students with excellent marks in their Class 10 examinations. Also, if your parents are in a transferable job, it will become easy for you to get admission in class 11 in a reputed class wherever you go. 

Allow You to Judge Yourself – You will be able to judge your performance in Class 10 board exams on a national level. Since your school has a lower number of students, it is not always easy to know where you stand in the competitive world out there. Thus, giving Class 10 board exams allows you to know where you actually stand and make you more confident about your abilities. It also tells you where you need to work hard.                                              

Achieve Your First Milestone – Even though class 12 board exams are important for your further studies and career, Class 10 board exams allow you to know what to expect in Class 10. When you score high marks, you will see it as a first milestone, and it will push you to perform better.  

Helps You Get Out of Shell – When you start to compare your results with that of students in the country, you will be able to come out of the comfort zone. You will be able to judge yourself and assess how you are doing in comparison to other students. The sooner you are able to get out of the comfort zone, the better it will be for you. 

Helps You Become More Adaptable – Appearing for Class 10 exams allow you to become more adaptable to exams. You learn how it feels, and it becomes a part of your life. You will feel less stressed when you are put in different situations, such as other competitive exams, when you grow a little older. 

So, when you start to sit for your Class 10 exams, instead of fearing it, keep the above points in mind so that you can give the exam your best and perform exceptionally well. Our Class 10 Science Notes life processes are here to help you achieve success and coming out of the examination triumphant.      

What is the Expected Weightage of Questions from the Class 10 Science Chapter 6 – Life Processes?

The Class 10 Science Chapter 6 life process Notes are important for you because you can expect to get questions carrying anywhere from 12-15 marks in your board examinations. If you consider the previous year’s question papers of Class 10 board exams, almost 5-7 questions were asked from this Chapter, including practical-based questions from this particular Chapter. So, it is not wrong to say that you can expect a minimum of 2 questions from the Chapter that carry 1, 2, 3, or 5 marks. Even the diagrams from the Chapter are important as they have been asked in the previous examinations. Thus, there is no reason for you to skip any section of this Chapter as even the smallest of details from the NCERT book is important. Make sure that you cover all of it using our life processes Class 10 NCERT book PDF so that you stand to score full marks in your Science Class 10 board exams.                 

Importance of Before an Examination

If you have studied hard and then failed to get results, it might be because you did not revise the texts properly. No matter how hard you study, in the end, the will play an important part in how much you score. Often students have a problem in recalling what they have studied during the exam. The inability to recollect what you have learned will only increase your anxiety and stress. It will make you nervous, and you will write the wrong answers even if you know the right ones.  

The chances are that you might get busy in your daily routine that you do not revise the Chapters in periodic intervals. No matter how hard you work, without, everything else will be a waste. Thus, before the exam, it is essential that you revise your Chapters. Rather than adding new information to your brain before the exam, it is crucial that stick to what you have learned before. Keep on revising what you have already learned so that you remember them for long.

Problems with revising using the NCERT book are that it is boring. Reading the same text, again and again, will not make you think. Once you start to get bored, the from the NCERT book will become ineffective, and your morale will take a dip. Thus, using our Class 10 Science Notes life processes will make your more effective. 

Top Benefits of Using Our Class 10 Biology Life Processes Notes       

If you struggle to write down Notes during your Biology class and are looking for a way where you can get access to good Class 10 Biology life processes Notes without trying hard, then you are at the right place. We provide you with the best and the most effective Notes to provide you with a clear and effective understanding of the Chapter. You can use our life processes Class 10 Notes PDF to improve your understanding of the material and for longer retention. Our concise and efficient Notes will save you time and energy that is often needed to create Notes of your own. It will help reduce confusion about the topics as all of our Notes are created by subject experts. Here are the top benefits of studying Class 10 Science Notes life processes from Vedantu – 

High Quality Notes Provided – All of the concepts of the NCERT books are explained in a clear and concise manner in our Notes. Our experts are kept updated on the latest CBSE Class 10 Science syllabus so that you can be sure that whatever you learn on our platform is in accordance with the latest syllabus. Our expert teachers know exactly what is important and what type of questions can be asked in the examination. They ensure that all the Notes are prepared accordingly so that you do not have to refer any other books later on. 

Curated by Expert Subject Teachers – All of the experts in the field have years of experience in the field. Thus, you can be confident that the Notes that are prepared especially for you are made by experts with relevant experience in the subject. It helps us provide you with Notes that are prepared to the highest education standards. Instead of relying on Notes prepared by just some content writers, you should take advantage of our Notes because of the hard work and dedication put into it by our experts. 

Cover all the Key Points – Most NCERT books will have a lot of topics that will be loosely explained, but you might get a long type question on the topic. We cover all the important points of the NCERT Chapter so that you can understand the topic in-depth. When you know all the key points, you are in a better position to memorize and then write about it in the exam. We do not leave any important topics provided in the NCERT book, as everything is important when it comes to your board examination.        

Assists in Score High Marks in School and CBSE Exams – If you want to score high marks in your Class 10 Science exam, you need to be hard working. But you should also learn how to answer questions correctly. Our Notes help you realize the right way of answering questions so that you can impress your examiner and get high marks. Writing to-the-point answers along with the diagrams, as given in the Notes, will surely allow you to get high marks in the examination. You also learn how to present the answers properly and the best way to divide the time you will need for different sections. 

Allows for Better Understanding of Topics – NCERT textbooks contain a lot of text and that too in a haphazard manner. It can make it difficult for you to keep up with everything that is there. Our Notes are prepared in such a way there is no confusion regarding the topics. We use bullet points and diagrams to make it easier for students like you to learn and memorize the different topics easily. 

Notes Available for Free – If you have bought references books, and Class 10 Science solution books, you might know that they do not come cheap. But, we provide you with the  Notes for free so that you do not have to spend a single rupee. We aim to be available to students at all times so that you can explore the different Notes when you feel the need for the best quality Notes. 

These are just some of the benefits that you enjoy by downloading and using our life processes Class 10 Notes PDF while preparing for your classwork or for your examinations. We understand that you need extra help before the exams as you are already under a lot of pressure to get high marks in the exams. Taking small steps and start your preparations early can go a long way.

How to Memorize Our Life Processes Class 10 NCERT Notes for Class Assignments and Exams?

You will not only have Class 10 Biology Notes-life processes PDF to get through but other Chapters of Science and even Notes of other subjects. So, it would help if you learned how to memorize these Notes so that you retain as much information as you can for the examination. Even if you keep on studying, but in the end, it is all about how much you memorize. If you are unable to recall what you learn during the examination, all of your hard work will go to waste.  

You need to learn how to convert information from our life processes Class 10 NCERT Notes into your long term memory in the right way. It will help you retrieve the information when you are asked the question in the exams. You will have a limited amount of time during the examination, and you need to be thorough with the concepts so that you can retrieve the information as quickly as possible. There are two ways to make it easier for you to remember the Notes at a later stage –

The first way is to strengthen your memory 

The other way is to make it easier for you to access memory by creating associations to the memory

It is no secret that when your memories are more relevant when you associate it with practical things around you. Our Notes contain all of the necessary examples, along with the relevant diagrams that will make it easy for you to retrieve the information from your memory. Here are simple tips to help you strengthen your memory for studying and remember the details for much longer –

Create Mental Associations – The best way to remember what you learn is by creating associations. Since the Class 10 Science Chapter 6 life processes Notes deals with body processes, try to associate them with real-life experiences. Using the diagrams in the Notes, you will be able to visualize what you are learning so that you can remember it when needed.        

Exercise Regularly – Try to exercise regularly or take a walk before the exam rather than watching television. It will help improve your brainpower, and you will not have to desperately go over the Notes every time you have an exam. Make sure that you take regular breaks in between your studies so that you are refreshed each time. 

Eat Healthy – Try to eat healthy and balanced food that will make you feel more energetic and more focused. Try to avoid junk food and coffee to keep you awake to study. Add more fruits to your diet so that you can do more productive. Opt for home-cooked and balanced meals. 

Get Proper Sleep – Make sure that you are getting enough sleep; otherwise, it will only make you feel more agitated. Try to sleep early and get up early in the morning. It will allow you to revise more during the day and cover more syllabus on a particular day.  

Practice What You Have Learnt – You can get together with your friends to discuss the Chapters before an exam. If you are not good in group studies, you can solve sample papers and question banks to boost your memory. It will help you get a good amount of practice using the repetition method. 

Revise Notes Aloud – The best way to remember things is to revise our life processes Class 10 NCERT Book PDF loudly. It is known as the generation effect and will make it easier for you to recall the Chapter instead of quietly reading them. Try to act like you are teaching the concepts to someone else, and you are surely going to remember it for much longer.          

Tips to Help Get Rid of Exam Fear

Months and weeks leading to the Science exam can be stressful for the students (and parents alike). If you are feeling the pressure of the exam and getting worried about not being able to live up to the expectations of others, you are experiencing exam fear. However, it is not uncommon. Every student experiences some degree exam fear before the exam. It also leads to anxiety and unnecessary stress. Often when the exam fear goes beyond the healthy limit, students experience panic attacks, and it can affect their results. Since you will only be able to give your board exam once in your life, it is important that you are prepared for it. It is all about how to overcome it so that you can score high marks in the exam.  

Before An Exam

There are certain things that you need to do days, weeks, and even months before an exam that define your success rate. When you are prepared, you will have less exam fear and be able to do much better in the exam. Here are some things that you need to do before an exam –

Preparation is the Key – We have always emphasized on preparing well before the exam so that you can score high marks. You need to start your preparation well in advance without wasting any time. Since you have a lot of Chapters to cover, it is important that you start way before the actual exam so that you can cover everything. When you wait for the last moment to prepare for the exam, you will be stressed. So, start preparation as early as you can. Our Biology Class 10 life processes Notes help you prepare for the exam in a proper way. 

Study Smart – Even though many students work hard, they do not score high marks. The reason is that you need to study smart, as well. It is essential that you use tested methods and techniques that will be productive. You need to create a learning time table and follow it properly. Instead of wasting your time on creating Notes, you can use our life processes Class 10 NCERT Notes to highlight the important points. You need to put in as much effort as you can so that you can make the most of the Notes that we provide to you. 

Revise and Revise – You need to get into the habit of revising whatever you have learned weekly. It will help keep whatever you have learned fresh in your mind. It would be impossible for you to go through the entire NCERT book as it would mean going through a lot of texts, many of which would be unimportant. So, you should take advantage of our Notes of Science Class 10 Chapter 6 to highlight all the important points, definitions, and diagrams. It will allow you to become more confident in your abilities and reduce the exam fear. 

Eat and Rest Well – Proper nutrition and rest are important for students. If you are not physically well, you will not be in the right frame of mind to study for the exam. If you study long hours without proper breaks, you will only feel fatigued. Adequate rest will also help you feel refreshed and recharged. Create a timetable keeping in mind that your body and mind will get adequate rest. You should also indulge in some light exercise every day to help blood circulation in your body.  

Avoid Comparing Yourself with other Students – You might call your friends or chat with them about your preparation and the progress. Even if you think it is harmless, it can cause you anxiety and stress. You might feel anxious if your friend is moving ahead of you in the preparation or has finished more Chapters than you. It is best to keep the preparedness to yourself. Not everyone learns at the same pace. When you use our Class 10 Science Notes life processes; you can learn at a pace that you are comfortable in. Prevent yourself from discussing what is done and what is left.           

Always Stay Positive – You need to stay positive throughout your preparation phase. You need to believe that you can do well in the exam with the right resources, such as our life processes Class 10 Notes. You should not let other’s success demotivate you in any way. You just need to give it your best, and there will be no way that you do not score well.

These tips are meant to be used even before you sit for the exam. These tips focus on preparing for the exam and make you in a better position to score high marks in the exam. When you become more confident in your abilities, you will be able to fear exams less. It is all about building confidence to cut down on the exam fear. You need to revise for the exam properly to give a boost to your confidence. The key is to revise effectively and in the best way possible for you. 

During the Exam

No matter how prepared you are, it is also possible for you to get stressed and nervous on the day of your Science exam. But, most students let the stress get the better of them and can affect their results to a great extent. But, there is a possible way for you to overcome the stress you are feeling. Here are some excellent tips to help you get over the exam fear during the actual exam –

Start Early on the Day of the Exam – On the day of your Science exam, it is important that you start your day early. It will help you not feel ‘rushed.’ By getting a little early on the day of the exam, you will be able to take your breakfast, get ready, and also leave for the exam in a relaxed way. You should reach the exam hall early so that you can find your seat easily.  

Do Last Minute Preparation Wisely – It is not always possible to go through the NCERT Science book before the exam. You need to be well prepared before the exam. If you do need last-minute preparation, you should use our Notes as they are to the point and allow you to just get a glimpse of the topics before sitting for the exam. 

Tackle the Questions on the Paper Properly – Once you get the question paper, read the question paper thoroughly even before you start writing. Analyze the different questions and start off with the questions that you are fully confident about. If you are uncomfortable with a particular question, it is best to create a small mark on the paper so that you can come back to it later. Do not panic and stay focused. 

Once you have given the exam, stay positive, and do not worry about the results. If you have given your best, you are surely going to score high marks. Just keep the above points in mind to help let go off the exam fear and be confident when writing the answers in the exams. 

If you have not tried e-learning platforms before, you might be confused if it is the right choice for you. Vedantu is among the top e-learning platform in the country, offering a wide range of learning resources, including Notes, sample papers, past year’s question papers solutions, and much more to students across the country for self-study. 

Advantages of E-Learning on Vedantu Platform

At Vedantu, we provide students, parents, and teachers with the e-learning resources for different subjects and across all classes. Students find our Notes and learning resources to be engaging and a lot rewarding. We aim to equip the students with the best study materials in the market so that students can grasp and memorize what they study on our platform. Since all of our materials are available online for free, it eliminates the need to skip any important class or activity to go over our Notes. Our e-learning platform provides students with a more convenient and easy way to study. Here are the top benefits that you will reap from our e-learning platform –

Promotes Active Learning – Students today have a short attention span, and it can be due to a number of reasons. With so many things that you need to do on a daily basis such as attending school, going for tuitions, take part in physical activities, relax and others, it can be different for students to concentrate and be better organized. Often it leads to less retention of what you have been studying and results in low overall marks. But, our e-learning platform promotes active learning where students are able to engage with the texts better. We offer content in the form of bullet points, diagrams, and others that makes it easier for students to grasp and retain it for much longer.  

Provides Convenience – One of the biggest benefits of using our e-learning platform is convenience. You do not have to sit across your from your teacher to understand and learn concepts. You can download our PDF files to any portable device and study at home. It prevents you from committing and gives you enough time to do other things that are important to you. When you learn through our platform, you are focusing on just one thing, and it makes the learning cycle quicker and much more effective. It is also convenient for you, as you do not have to go anywhere or set an appointment with your teacher to clear certain difficult concepts. 

Increases Effectiveness – Even though the traditional form of lectures is preferred in schools, they are not very effective. Most students tend to forget what they have learned in class as soon as they leave the classroom and head home. Most of the content in the NCERT books are text and can be very difficult to understand. Our brain prefers images over texts that are easier to understand and learn. Our e-learning platform use illustrations, images, and points that make learning more effective. You will also retain the information better and allow you to score high marks. Thus, using our e-learning platform, your knowledge increases.     

Learn at Own Pace – When you are studying in class, you will feel competitive, and you might wonder if you are good enough. You will also feel like you are being judged all the time, and it might make you apprehensive about things at times. You might also feel ashamed of asking your teachers for something again and again. You might fear that other students will make fun of you if you are unclear about certain concepts. But, with e-learning, you get a chance to study at a pace you are comfortable in. You can get back to revising without anyone telling you not to. It allows you to take your time to understand the concepts and be clear about them. You can take as much time or as little time; you need to get a strong grasp of the concepts. 

Allow Proper Management of Time – Our platform allow students to study from anywhere and anywhere as long as they have an internet connection. Students can also study at any time they are comfortable. It also makes the learning process much easier and quicker for the students. You will be able to organize your time much more effectively. You will be able to learn what you want to from anywhere. Thus, no matter how busy you are, you will be able to find time to go through our educational materials. Since you will not have to spend time commuting anywhere and can study from anywhere, it is much easier for you to study when you want to. 

Provides Content in a Fresh Manner – Studying from the same NCERT book again and again can get really boring. Using our Notes and other study materials, you will be able to get insight into new information that you didn't notice in the NCERT book. We provide you with the most updated information and in a fresh manner so that you retain the information and develop an interest in what you are learning. It allows you not to get bored with reading texts that you have already done multiple times and gives you a fresh perspective on things. 

Advantages for Teachers and Parents – Many times, teachers have problems communicating concepts to students. They are also not able to give the same attention to every student since there are so many of them. E-learning helps teachers and even parents to get their concepts across to the students in a way that they will be able to grasp more easily. It also allows teachers to provide the same type of learning to every student out there.

Become Self-Disciplined – Self-discipline is a skill that one is born with. When you continue to use our Notes for studies, you learn how to become self-disciplined and smarter. You realize your strengths and weaknesses and also learn how you study best. You can become the best student you can be. You work along with your limitations and also learn how to overcome them in the best possible manner. 

With all the benefits of e-learning from the Vedantu’s platform, it is no surprise that we are the most preferred learning platform for students looking to score high marks in their examinations. E-learning is a new way to study, and there is no doubt that it is quite effective as more and more students are turning to our platform to help them prepare them for class assignments or for their exams. 

Class 10 is a crucial year in your life, and there is no time for you to waste your time in an unreliable source of educational material and choose only the best. Thus, it is important for you to start your preparation for the Class 10 Science exam as early as possible. With our Notes of Science Class 10 Chapter 6, you will not have to wait for the teachers at school or at the tuition to start preparing the Chapter. You can use it on your own so that by the time the teachers begin the Chapter, you would already know the basics and will be able to grasp the concepts clearly and be ahead of your classmates. Relying solely on NCERT books will only make you bore of all the texts, and you will not be able to understand what you should study and what you should not. All of our Notes are created in a manner that will make it easier for you to learn and memorize everything there is in the text. All the Notes follow the updated syllabus from the CBSE and also the examination 

Points to Remember When Preparing for Your Science Class 10 Exams

Even before you start preparing, try to understand the syllabus and take a look at the total number of Chapters, their distribution of the marks, and also the value of the question. 

Biology Chapter includes not just texts, but diagrams as well. Thus, you need to give as much attention to each diagram along with its explanations.

Make sure that you add diagrams to the definitions irrespective of the marks of the question. Also, you should add the diagram even if it is not directly asked in the definition. 

You need to remember all the important terms in the Chapter along with the functions of each of them. 

You will need to spend a lot of time memorizing the terminology and their definitions. 

Just put a focus on the definitions of the terminology, and you will be able to remember the rest of the theory on your own.

Take it slow and do not try to do a lot of things at one go. Be comfortable with your speed, and know what the things you can complete in a day.

To score high marks in the exams, it is important that you revise the life processes Class 10 Notes thoroughly from time to time. Just download the Notes from the link on the page and start preparing the exam in the most effective manner. We organize all the information from the NCERT book in a way that will need your least effort to master the topic. So, just download our notes in PDF format and get started preparing for your exams. If you are not comfortable studying from your laptop or smartphone, you can also take print outs of the notes and then refer to it when needed. Make separate files for each subject so that you can find them easily as per your requirement. Once you have thoroughly understood the notes, you might want to solve our sample papers and also the previous year’s questions. It will help you assess your preparation and let you decide if you need to study the notes again. You will see a major difference in your marks and your ability to grasp new concepts. Once you start to follow our notes and you see how easy they are, you are surely going to come back for notes of other Chapters as well.

FAQs on Life Processes Class 10 Notes CBSE Science Chapter 6 (Free PDF Download)

1. What is the difference between Xylem and Phloem?

Ans: Xylem and Phloem are plant tissues that help in the transportation of water, minerals, and food in plants. The structural and functional differences between xylem and phloem are given below.

Structure: Xylem tissue is composed of Xylem Parenchyma, Xylem Sclerenchyma, and tracheids. Phloem tissue is composed of Phloem Parenchyma, companion cells, phloem fibers, and sieve tubes.

Nature of Tissue: Xylem: hollow dead cells. Phloem: Living cells, having cytoplasm but no nucleus.     

Location: Xylem tissues are located in the center of vascular bundles, whereas phloem tissues are located outside the vascular bundles.

Function : Xylem tissue transports water and minerals from the roots of a plant to its upper-parts. Phloem tissue transports food like sugars and amino acids from the leaves of a plant to its growing parts.

The direction of transport movement: The movement of water and minerals in xylem tissue is unidirectional, whereas the movement of food and nutrients through phloem tissue is bidirectional.

2. What are the types of Nutrition in living beings?

Ans: There are mainly two modes of nutrition: Autotrophic and Heterotrophic.

Autotrophic nutrition: Organisms that can prepare their own food with the help of sunlight or chemicals are called autotrophs and the mode of nutrition is called autotrophic nutrition. Green plants and some bacteria fall under the category of autotrophs. Photosynthesis is an autotrophic mode of nutrition.

Heterotrophic nutrition: Organisms that consume plants or other animals to derive energy are called heterotrophs and the mode of nutrition is called the heterotrophic mode of nutrition. 

Saprophytic mode of nutrition: In this mode of nutrition, the food is already partially digested outside the body, after which the food is absorbed. Organisms feeding on the dead and decaying matter are called saprophytes.

Parasitic mode of nutrition: Organisms that derive their nutrition directly from the body of other organisms (causing the host organism to lose its nutrition), are called parasites. This mode of nutrition is called the parasitic mode of nutrition.  

Holozoic mode of nutrition: Amoeba, a unicellular organism exhibits a holozoic mode of nutrition. The engulfed food particle is enclosed in a food vacuole and the process of digestion takes place as the food vacuole moves through the cytoplasm of Amoeba. Also, undigested food is egested when the vacuole opens outside the cell of Amoeba.

3. How do the various glands that help in food digestion in a human body?

Ans: The various digestive glands present in a human body secrete juices that facilitate the digestion of food. The major digestive glands are salivary glands, liver, gastric glands, pancreas, gallbladder. The digestive juices secreted by these glands contain enzymes like trypsin, amylase, lipase, chymotrypsin, that help in the digestion of consumed food. The process of digestion begins in the mouth itself when saliva secreted by the salivary glands acts on the starch-containing food. Hydrochloric acid and pepsin are secreted by the gastric glands; bile is secreted by the liver and pancreatic juices are secreted by the pancreas.

All important questions and answers for CBSE Class 10 Science Revision Notes Chapter 6- Life Processes are available on Vedantu. These notes are available in free downloadable PDFs for the convenience of students.

4. Where can I find notes for Chapter 6 of Class 10 Science?

Ans: “Life processes” is Chapter 6 in Class 10 Science. The chapter deals with the different types of nutrition in living organisms. It is an important chapter for Class 10 students. They can study Chapter 6 in Class 10 Science Revision Notes available on Vedantu. Class 10 Science Chapter 6 notes can help students to understand the concepts easily and score high marks. All notes are available in simple language for quick understanding of Class 10 students.

5. What are life processes according to Chapter 6 of Science of Class 10?

Ans: Class 10 Science Chapter 6 deals with the different life processes that take place in living organisms. The chapter includes important topics such as metabolism, respiration, and other processes that occur in living beings. Students of Class 10 should study this chapter carefully as it is an important chapter from the exam's point of view. Students can get a few important questions from the chapter in the exams. Hence, they should focus on this chapter while preparing for the Class 10 Science exam.

6. What raw materials are required by plants for the process of photosynthesis according to Chapter 6 in Class 10 Science?

Ans: Plants require different materials for completing the process of photosynthesis. The most important raw materials required by plants include carbon dioxide, water, sunlight, and chlorophyll. Plants use the carbon dioxide present in the air, they absorb sunlight through a green pigment present in leaves called chlorophyll, and they absorb water and nutrients from the soil through roots. Thus. plants use all the above ingredients to complete the process of photosynthesis and preparing their food.

7. How can I use Revision Notes of Chapter 6 in Class 10 Science to prepare for exams?

Ans: Revision Notes of Chapter 6 in Class 10 Science are available on Vedantu. They can help students prepare for their board exams. All notes are given in simple and easy language so that students can understand the main concepts of the chapter. Students can revise the main topics given in the chapter from the notes to score high marks in the exams. The notes are free of cost and available on Vedantu’s website(vedantu.com) and Vedantu Mobile app.

8. What are the main concepts covered in Chapter 6 in Class 10 Science?

Ans: Chapter 6 in Class 10 Science mainly deals with life processes. Living beings have different life processes. The chapter explains different life processes such as digestion, absorption, respiration, nutrition, transportation, and excretion in detail. It is a lengthy chapter as it explains all about different life processes. Therefore, students need to spend more time on this chapter to score high marks. They can refer to the Revision Notes of Chapter 6 in Class 10 while studying this chapter.

CBSE Previous Year Question Papers for Class 10

• _PDF Printed Notes
• _PPT Slides
• _PPT Slides in PDF format
• _Intext Questions & Answers
• _Exercise and Answers
• _MCQs and Answers
• _Online Test Series
• _Activity Solutions
• _PDF Printed notes
• _Capsule Notes
• _Class 10 PPT
• _Class 11 PPT
• _Class 12 PPT
• _Exam Capsule PPT
• Online Tests
• _Chemistry Notes
• _Animal Facts
• _Body Facts
• _Comparison between
• _What and Why

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• 4. Welcome To The Presentation of class:-10th 2017-2018
• 5. CHAPTER - 6 LIFE PROCESSES ● Class :- X ● Subject :- Science ● Name of Teacher :- Mrs. Rashmi mam ● School :- R.S.G.S.K.V. Bawana
• 6. ● The most important criteria to decide whether something is alive is movement. All living things move without the help of any external help. Some movements are easily visible like the movements of body parts. Some movements are not easily visible like molecular movements. The molecular movements in cells and tissues is necessary for all life processes. 1) Criteria to decide whether something is alive :-
• 7. 2) Life processes :- ● Life processes are the basic processes in living organisms which are necessary for maintaining their life. The basic life processes are – nutrition, respiration, transportation, and excretion. ● i) Nutrition :– is the process of taking food by an organism and its utilization by the body for life processes. ● ii) Respiration :– is the process by which food is burnt in the cells of the body with the help of oxygen to release energy. ●iii) Transportation :– is the process by which food, oxygen, water, waste products are carried from one part of the body to the other, ●iv) Excretion :- is the process by which waste products are removed from the body.
• 8. ● Nutrition is the process of taking food by an organism and its utilisation by the body to build the body, for growth, to repair the damaged parts of the body and for energy. ● Life on earth depends on carbon based molecules and most of the food are also carbon based molecules. The outside raw materials used by living organisms are food, water and air. ●a) Modes of nutrition :- There are two main modes of nutrition. They are autotrophic nutrition and heterotrophic nutrition. ●i) Autotrophic nutrition :- is nutrition in which organisms prepare their own food from simple inorganic substances like carbon dioxide and water in the presence of sunlight and chlorophyll. ● Eg :- all green plants and some bacteria. ●ii) Heterotrophic nutrition :- is nutrition in which organisms get their food directly or indirectly from plants. ● Eg :- all animals fungi and some bacteria. ●b) Types of heterotrophic nutrition :- There are three main types of heterotrophic nutrition. They are saprophytic, parasitic and holozoic nutritions. 3) Nutrition :-
• 9. ●i) Saprohytic nutrition :- is nutrition in which organisms get their food from dead and decaying organisms. They break down the food material outside their body and then absorbs it. Eg :- mushroom, bread mould, yeast, some bacteria etc. ● ii) Parasitic nutrition :- is nutrition in which organisms get their food from living organisms (host) without killing them. Eg :- cuscuta, orchids, ticks, lice, leeches, round worm, tape worm, plasmodium etc. ●iii) Holozoic nutrition :- is nutrition in which organisms take food directly and then digests and absorbs it. Eg :- amoeba, paramaecium, birds, fishes, humans etc.
• 10. 4) Nutrition in plants :- ● Photosynthesis :- is the process by which plants prepare food by using carbon dioxide and water in the presence of sunlight and chlorophyll. The food prepared is carbohydrate which is stored in the form of starch. Oxygen is released in this process. ● Equation of photosynthesis :- ● Sunlight ● 6CO2 + 12H2O C6H12O6 + 6H2O + 6O2 ● Chlorophyll ● Process of photosynthesis :- ● Photosynthesis takes place in three main steps. They are :- ● i) Absorption of light energy by chlorophyll. ● ii) Conversion of light energy into chemical energy and splitting up of water molecules into hydrogen and oxygen. ●iii) Reduction of carbon dioxide by hydrogen to form carbohydrates.
• 12. ●Chlorophyll :- are the green pigments present in the leaves. If we observe a cross section of a leaf under a microscope, we can see cells containing green dot like structures called chloroplasts which contain chlorophyll.
• 17. ●Stomata :- are tiny pores present in the leaves through which exchange of gases takes place. Each stoma has a pair of guard cells which controls the opening and closing of the stomatal pore. When water enters the guard cells, it swells and the pore opens and when the guard cells lose water, it shrinks and the pore closes.
• 19. 5a) Activity to show that chlorophyll is necessary for photosynthesis :- ● Take a potted plant having variegated leaves (croton plant). Keep it in a dark room for three days so that all the starch is used up. Then keep it in sunlight for 6 hours. Then take a leaf from the plant and mark the green areas of the leaf on a sheet of paper. Then dip the leaf in boiling water to make it soft. Then dip the leaf in alcohol and heat it in a water bath to decolourise it and remove the chlorophyll. Then wash the leaf in water and dip it in dilute iodine solution. It will be seen that only the green parts of the leaf turns blue black. This shows that chlorophyll is necessary for photosynthesis.
• 20. b) Activity to show that carbon dioxide is necessary for photosynthesis :- ● Take two potted plants of the same size and keep them in a dark room for three days so that all the starch is used up. Then keep the plants on separate glass plates. Keep a watch glass containing some potassium hydroxide near one plant to absorb carbon dioxide. Cover both the plants with bell jars and seal the bottom of the jars with vaseline to make it air tight. Keep the plants in sunlight for three hours. Then take a leaf from each plant and test for starch. The leaf of the plant kept in the jar containing potassium hydroxide does not show the presence of starch. This shows that carbon dioxide is necessary for photosynthesis.
• 21. 6) Nutrition in animals :- ●a) Nutrition in amoeba :- ● Amoeba is a unicellular animal living in water. It takes in food by forming finger like projections called pseudopodia and forms a food vacuole. Inside the food vacuole the food is digested and absorbed. The undigested food is then sent out through the surface of the cell.
• 22. b) Nutrition in Human beings :- ● Nutrition in human beings takes place in the digestive system. It consists of the alimentary canal and glands which produce enzymes which breaks down food into smaller molecules. ● The main organs of the digestive system are mouth, oesophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, and anus. The main glands are salivary glands, gastric glands, liver, pancreas and intestinal glands.
• 24. ● In the mouth :- the food is broken down into smaller particles by the teeth and mixed with saliva from the salivary glands. Saliva contains the enzyme salivary amylase which converts starch into sugar. Then the food passes through the oesophagus into the stomach. ● In the stomach :- the gastric glands produce gastric juice which contains the enzyme pepsin, hydrochloric acid and mucous. Pepsin breaks down proteins. Hydrochloric acid makes the medium acidic and helps in the action of pepsin. Mucous protects the walls of the stomach from the action of the acid. Then the food passes into the small intestine. ● In the upper part of the small intestine called duodenum :- the food is mixed with bile from liver and pancreatic juice from the pancreas. Bile breaks down fats into smaller globules. Pancreatic juice contains the enzymes trypsin and lipase. Trypsin breaks down proteins and lipase breaks down fats. ● In the small intestine :- the glands the walls of the small intestine produces intestinal juice. The enzymes of the intestinal juice coverts carbohydrates into glucose, fats into fatty acids and glycerol and proteins into amino acids. The walls of the small intestine has several finger like projections called villi having blood vessels. It helps to increase the surface area for the absorption of digested food. The digested food is absorbed by the blood and transported to all cells in the body. Then the undigested food passes into the large intestine. ● In the large intestine :- water is absorbed and the waste material is removed through the anus.
• 25. ● Respiration is the process by which food is burnt in the cells of the body with the help of oxygen to release energy. It takes place in the mitochondria of the cells. ● The energy released during respiration is used to make ATP molecules (Adenosine tri phosphate) from ADP molecules (Adenosine di phosphate) and inorganic phosphate. ● Energy ● ADP + Phosphate ATP ● from respiration ● Energy is stored in the cells in the form of ATP molecules. When the cells need energy, ATP is broken down in the presence of water to form ADP and energy is released. ● water ● ATP ADP + Energy 7a) Respiration :-
• 26. ● There are two main types of respiration. They are aerobic and anaerobic respiration. ●i) Aerobic respiration :- takes place in the presence of oxygen. It produces more energy. The end products are carbon dioxide, water and energy. It takes place in most organisms. ● In aerobic respiration glucose is converted into pyruvate in the cytoplasm in the presence of oxygen and then in the presence of oxygen, pyruvate is converted into carbon dioxide, water and energy in the mitochondria. ● presence of oxygen presence of oxygen ●Glucose Pyruvate CO2 + H2O + Energy ● in cytoplasm in mitochondria ●ii) Anaerobic respiration :- takes place in the absence of oxygen. It produces less energy. The end products are lactic acid or ethanol, carbon dioxide, and energy. It takes place in muscle cells and yeast. ● In anaerobic respiration in muscle cells, glucose is converted into pyruvate and in the absence of oxygen pyruvate is converted into lactic acid and energy. ● presence of oxygen absence of oxygen ●Glucose Pyruvate Lactic acid + Energy ● in cytoplasm in muscle cells ● In anaerobic respiration in yeast, glucose is converted into pyruvate and in the absence of oxygen pyruvate is converted into ethanol, carbondioxide and energy. This process is called fermentation. ● presence of oxygen absence of oxygen ●Glucose Pyruvate Ethanol + CO2 + Energy ● in cytoplasm in yeast b) Types of respiration :-
• 27. presence of oxygen CO2 + H2O + Energy (in mitochondria) presence absence of oxygen of oxygen Glucose Pyruvate Lactic acid + Energy in cytoplasm + (in muscle Energy cells) absence of oxygen Ethanol + CO2 + Energy (in yeast) Breakdown of glucose by various pathways :-
• 28. ● The main organs of the respiratory system are nostrils, nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, lungs and diaphragm. b) Respiration in Humans :-
• 29. ● Air enter through the nostrils. The hairs and mucous traps the dust particles. It then passes through the phraynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi and enters the lungs. The trachea has rings of cartilage which prevents it from collapsing when there is no air in the trachea. The bronchi divides into smaller tubes called bronchioles which ends in tiny air sacs called alveoli. The alveoli is supplied with blood vessels through which exchange of gases takes place. The alveoli helps to increase the surface area for the exchange of gases.
• 30. ● When we breathe in air, the muscles of the diaphragm contracts and moves downward and the chest cavity expands and air enters into the lungs. ● When we breathe out air, the muscles of the diaphragm relaxes and moves upward and the chest cavity contracts and air goes out of the lungs. Mecahanism of breathing :-
• 31. ●a) Transportation in Human beings :- ● The main transport system in human beings is the circulatory ●system. It consists of blood, arteries, veins capillaries and heart. ● i) Blood :- transports food, oxygen and waste products. It consists of ●plasma, red blood cells (RBC), white blood cells (WBC) and platelets. ●Plasma transports food, water, carbondioxide, nitrogenous waste etc. ●Red blood cells transports oxygen. White blood cells kills harmful ●microbes and protects the body. Platelets help in clotting of blood and ●prevents loss of blood during injury. ● ii) Arteries :- carry pure blood from the heart to all parts of the body. ●They are thick walled and do not have valves. ●iii) Veins :- carry impure blood from all parts of the body to the heart. ●They are thin walled and have valves. ●iv) Capillaries :- are very narrow blood vessels which connects ●arteries and veins together. The exchange of food, water, oxygen, ●carbon dioxide etc. between the blood and cells take place through ●the capillaries. 8) Transportation :-
• 32. ●v) Heart :- is a muscular organ which pumps blood to all parts of the body. It has four chambers. The upper chambers are called atria and the lower chambers are called ventricles. Since the ventricles pump blood to the different organs its walls are thicker than the atria. The right and left chambers are separated by a septum. It prevents the mixing of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood The atria and ventricles have valves between them to prevent blood flowing backward. vein artery xxxxxxxx xxxxx heart xxxx
• 33. Working of the heart (Circulation of blood) :-
• 34. ● Working of the heart ( Circulation of blood ) :- ● When the left atrium relaxes oxygenated blood from the lungs flows into it through the pulmonary vein. When it contracts, the left ventricle expands and the blood flows into it. Then the left ventricle contracts and the oxygenated blood is pumped out through the aorta to all parts of the body. After circulating through all parts of the body the deoxygenated blood enters the right atrium through the vena cava. When the right atrium contracts, the right ventricle expands and the blood flows into it. Then the right ventricle contracts and the blood is pumped to the lungs through the pulmonary artery. In the lungs carbon dioxide is removed and oxygen is absorbed and the oxygenated blood again enters the left atrium and the process repeats. ● Since blood flows through the heart twice in one cycle, it is called double circulation. ● Lymph :- is a colourless fluid present in intercellular spaces. It is formed from the plasma which escapes from the capillaries. Lymph drains into lymphatic capillaries which forms lymph vessels and joins into large veins. ● Lymph transports digested fats and drains excess fluids from intercellular spaces back into the blood. It contains lymphocytes which kills germs and protects the body
• 35. Hearts of mammals, birds, amphibians, reptiles, and fishes :- ●i) The heart in mammals :- and birds have four chambers and the right and left sides of the heart is separated by a septum. This prevents mixing of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood and provides efficient supply of oxygen. This is necessary because they need more energy to maintain their body temperature. ●ii) The heart in amphibians and reptiles :- have three chambers and allows some mixing of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood because the do not use energy to maintain their body temperature. Their body temperature is the same as the temperature of the surroundings. ●iii) The heart in fishes :- have only two chambers and blood is oxygenated in the gills. ●
• 36. b) Transportation in plants :- ● In plants, transportation of materials like food, water and minerals takes place through conducting tissues called xylem and phloem. ●i) Xylem :- transports water and minerals from the roots to all parts of the plant. It consists of xylem vessels and tracheids. Water and minerals enter the roots by diffusion. Then due to transpiration, the suction force helps in the upward movement of water an minerals.
• 37. ●ii) Phloem :- transports food from the leaves to the other parts of the plant. This process is called translocation. The phloem consists of sieve tubes and companion cells. Food from the leaves is transferred to the xylem by the energy of ATP molecules. Due to osmotic pressure water enters the phloem and helps in the transport of food.
• 38. 9) Excretion :- ● Excretion is the process by which the waste products produced during metabolic activities is removed from the body. ● In unicellular organism the waste products are removed from the cells into the surroundings by diffusion. ● In multicellular organisms the waste prducts are removed through specialised organs.
• 39. a) Excretion in Human beings :- ● The excretory system consists of a pair of kidneys , a pair of ureters, urinary bladder and urethra. Each kidney has a number of excretory units called nephrons.
• 42. ●Nephron :- ● Each nephron has a cup like structure called Bowman’s capsule containing a bundle of capillaries called glomerulus. The Bowman’s capsule leads into a tubular structure which joins into a collecting duct. The renal artery brings the nitrogenous waste like ammonia, urea, uric acid (urine) along with excess water, salts etc. into the nephron. It filters the nitrogenous waste, water and salts which passes through the tubular structure into the collecting duct. The waste then passes through the ureters into the urinary bladder and is then sent out through the urethra ●as urine. ● The useful products like amino acids, glucose, salts etc. are reabsorbed by the capillaries around the tubular structure and goes into the real vein. ●b) Excretion in plants :- ● In plants the gaseous waste products produced during respiration (CO2) and photosynthesis (O2) are removed through the stomata. Excess water is removed through the stomata. This process is called transpiration. ● Some waste products are stored in the leaves and removed when the leaves dry and fall off. Some waste products are stored in vacuoles. Some waste products like gums and resins are stored in the old xylem cells. Some waste products are removed through the roots.
• 43. presented by:- Deepanshi, Nitika, Kirti And Komal Thanks for all