global warming ke upar essay

Essay on Global Warming – Causes and Solutions

500+ words essay on global warming.

Global Warming is a term almost everyone is familiar with. But, its meaning is still not clear to most of us. So, Global warming refers to the gradual rise in the overall temperature of the atmosphere of the Earth. There are various activities taking place which have been increasing the temperature gradually. Global warming is melting our ice glaciers rapidly. This is extremely harmful to the earth as well as humans. It is quite challenging to control global warming; however, it is not unmanageable. The first step in solving any problem is identifying the cause of the problem. Therefore, we need to first understand the causes of global warming that will help us proceed further in solving it. In this essay on Global Warming, we will see the causes and solutions of Global Warming.

Causes of Global Warming

Global warming has become a grave problem which needs undivided attention. It is not happening because of a single cause but several causes. These causes are both natural as well as manmade. The natural causes include the release of greenhouses gases which are not able to escape from earth, causing the temperature to increase.

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Further, volcanic eruptions are also responsible for global warming. That is to say, these eruptions release tons of carbon dioxide which contributes to global warming. Similarly, methane is also one big issue responsible for global warming.

So, when one of the biggest sources of absorption of carbon dioxide will only disappear, there will be nothing left to regulate the gas. Thus, it will result in global warming. Steps must be taken immediately to stop global warming and make the earth better again.

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Global Warming Solutions

As stated earlier, it might be challenging but it is not entirely impossible. Global warming can be stopped when combined efforts are put in. For that, individuals and governments, both have to take steps towards achieving it. We must begin with the reduction of greenhouse gas.

Furthermore, they need to monitor the consumption of gasoline. Switch to a hybrid car and reduce the release of carbon dioxide. Moreover, citizens can choose public transport or carpool together. Subsequently, recycling must also be encouraged.

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For instance, when you go shopping, carry your own cloth bag. Another step you can take is to limit the use of electricity which will prevent the release of carbon dioxide. On the government’s part, they must regulate industrial waste and ban them from emitting harmful gases in the air. Deforestation must be stopped immediately and planting of trees must be encouraged.

In short, all of us must realize the fact that our earth is not well. It needs to treatment and we can help it heal. The present generation must take up the responsibility of stopping global warming in order to prevent the suffering of future generations. Therefore, every little step, no matter how small carries a lot of weight and is quite significant in stopping global warming.

हिंदी में ग्लोबल वार्मिंग पर निबंध यहाँ पढ़ें

FAQs on Global Warming

Q.1 List the causes of Global Warming.

A.1 There are various causes of global warming both natural and manmade. The natural one includes a greenhouse gas, volcanic eruption, methane gas and more. Next up, manmade causes are deforestation, mining, cattle rearing, fossil fuel burning and more.

Q.2 How can one stop Global Warming?

A.2 Global warming can be stopped by a joint effort by the individuals and the government. Deforestation must be banned and trees should be planted more. The use of automobiles must be limited and recycling must be encouraged.

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Essay on Global Warming

Essay On Global Warming

Essay on global warming is an important topic for students to understand. The essay brings to light the plight of the environment and the repercussion of anthropogenic activities. Continue reading to discover tips and tricks for writing an engaging and interesting essay on global warming.

Essay On Global Warming in 300 Words

Global warming is a phenomenon where the earth’s average temperature rises due to increased amounts of greenhouse gases. Greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide, methane and ozone trap the incoming radiation from the sun. This effect creates a natural “blanket”, which prevents the heat from escaping back into the atmosphere. This effect is called the greenhouse effect.

Contrary to popular belief, greenhouse gases are not inherently bad. In fact, the greenhouse effect is quite important for life on earth. Without this effect, the sun’s radiation would be reflected back into the atmosphere, freezing the surface and making life impossible. However, when greenhouse gases in excess amounts get trapped, serious repercussions begin to appear. The polar ice caps begin to melt, leading to a rise in sea levels. Furthermore, the greenhouse effect is accelerated when polar ice caps and sea ice melts. This is due to the fact the ice reflects 50% to 70% of the sun’s rays back into space, but without ice, the solar radiation gets absorbed. Seawater reflects only 6% of the sun’s radiation back into space. What’s more frightening is the fact that the poles contain large amounts of carbon dioxide trapped within the ice. If this ice melts, it will significantly contribute to global warming.

A related scenario when this phenomenon goes out of control is the runaway-greenhouse effect. This scenario is essentially similar to an apocalypse, but it is all too real. Though this has never happened in the earth’s entire history, it is speculated to have occurred on Venus. Millions of years ago, Venus was thought to have an atmosphere similar to that of the earth. But due to the runaway greenhouse effect, surface temperatures around the planet began rising.

If this occurs on the earth, the runaway greenhouse effect will lead to many unpleasant scenarios – temperatures will rise hot enough for oceans to evaporate. Once the oceans evaporate, the rocks will start to sublimate under heat. In order to prevent such a scenario, proper measures have to be taken to stop climate change.

More to Read: Learn How Greenhouse Effect works

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Fossil fuels – coal, oil and gas – are by far the largest contributor to global climate change, accounting for over 75 per cent of global greenhouse gas emissions and nearly 90 per cent of all carbon dioxide emissions. As greenhouse gas emissions blanket the Earth, they trap the sun’s heat. This leads to global warming and climate change. The world is now warming faster than at any point in recorded history. Warmer temperatures over time are changing weather patterns and disrupting the usual balance of nature. This poses many risks to human beings and all other forms of life on Earth.

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ENCYCLOPEDIC ENTRY

Global warming.

The causes, effects, and complexities of global warming are important to understand so that we can fight for the health of our planet.

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Ash spews from a coal-fueled power plant in New Johnsonville, Tennessee, United States.

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Global warming is the long-term warming of the planet’s overall temperature. Though this warming trend has been going on for a long time, its pace has significantly increased in the last hundred years due to the burning of fossil fuels . As the human population has increased, so has the volume of fossil fuels burned. Fossil fuels include coal, oil, and natural gas, and burning them causes what is known as the “greenhouse effect” in Earth’s atmosphere.

The greenhouse effect is when the sun’s rays penetrate the atmosphere, but when that heat is reflected off the surface cannot escape back into space. Gases produced by the burning of fossil fuels prevent the heat from leaving the atmosphere. These greenhouse gasses are carbon dioxide , chlorofluorocarbons, water vapor , methane , and nitrous oxide . The excess heat in the atmosphere has caused the average global temperature to rise overtime, otherwise known as global warming.

Global warming has presented another issue called climate change. Sometimes these phrases are used interchangeably, however, they are different. Climate change refers to changes in weather patterns and growing seasons around the world. It also refers to sea level rise caused by the expansion of warmer seas and melting ice sheets and glaciers . Global warming causes climate change, which poses a serious threat to life on Earth in the forms of widespread flooding and extreme weather. Scientists continue to study global warming and its impact on Earth.

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Humans are causing global warming

ग्लोबल वार्मिंग कारण और उपाय | Global Warming in Hindi

क्या है ग्लोबल वार्मिंग?

आसान शब्दों में समझें तो ग्लोबल वार्मिंग का अर्थ है ‘पृथ्वी के तापमान में वृद्धि और इसके कारण मौसम में होने वाले परिवर्तन’ पृथ्वी के तापमान में हो रही इस वृद्धि (जिसे 100 सालों के औसत तापमान पर 1 0 फारेनहाईट आँका गया है) के परिणाम स्वरूप बारिश के तरीकों में बदलाव, हिमखण्डों और ग्लेशियरों के पिघलने, समुद्र के जलस्तर में वृद्धि और वनस्पति तथा जन्तु जगत पर प्रभावों के रूप के सामने आ सकते हैं। ग्लोबल वार्मिंग दुनिया की कितनी बड़ी समस्या है, यह बात एक आम आदमी समझ नहीं पाता है। उसे ये शब्द थोड़ा टेक्निकल लगता है। इसलिये वह इसकी तह तक नहीं जाता है। लिहाजा इसे एक वैज्ञानिक परिभाषा मानकर छोड़ दिया जाता है। ज्यादातर लोगों को लगता है कि फिलहाल संसार को इससे कोई खतरा नहीं है। भारत में भी ग्लोबल वार्मिंग एक प्रचलित शब्द नहीं है और भाग-दौड़ में लगे रहने वाले भारतीयों के लिये भी इसका अधिक कोई मतलब नहीं है। लेकिन विज्ञान की दुनिया की बात करें तो ग्लोबल वार्मिंग को लेकर भविष्यवाणियाँ की जा रही हैं। इसको 21वीं शताब्दी का सबसे बड़ा खतरा बताया जा रहा है। यह खतरा तृतीय विश्वयुद्ध या किसी क्षुद्रग्रह (एस्टेराॅइड) के पृथ्वी से टकराने से भी बड़ा माना जा रहा है।

ये भी पढ़े :- दुनिया पर ग्लोबल वार्मिंग का बढ़ता प्रभाव

ग्लोबल वार्मिंग के कारण होने वाले जलवायु परिवर्तन के लिये सबसे अधिक जिम्मेदार ग्रीन हाउस गैस हैं। ग्रीन हाउस गैसें, वे गैसें होती हैं जो बाहर से मिल रही गर्मी या ऊष्मा को अपने अंदर सोख लेती हैं। ग्रीन हाउस गैसों का इस्तेमाल सामान्यतः अत्यधिक सर्द इलाकों में उन पौधों को गर्म रखने के लिये किया जाता है जो अत्यधिक सर्द मौसम में खराब हो जाते हैं। ऐसे में इन पौधों को काँच के एक बंद घर में रखा जाता है और काँच के घर में ग्रीन हाउस गैस भर दी जाती है। यह गैस सूरज से आने वाली किरणों की गर्मी सोख लेती है और पौधों को गर्म रखती है। ठीक यही प्रक्रिया पृथ्वी के साथ होती है। सूरज से आने वाली किरणों की गर्मी की कुछ मात्रा को पृथ्वी द्वारा सोख लिया जाता है। इस प्रक्रिया में हमारे पर्यावरण में फैली ग्रीन हाउस गैसों का महत्त्वपूर्ण योगदान है। अगर इन गैसों का अस्तित्व हमारे में न होता तो पृथ्वी पर तापमान वर्तमान से काफी कम होता। ग्रीन हाउस गैसों में सबसे ज्यादा महत्त्वपूर्ण गैस कार्बन डाइआॅक्साइड है, जिसे हम जीवित प्राणी अपने साँस के साथ उत्सर्जित करते हैं। पर्यावरण वैज्ञानिकों का कहना है कि पिछले कुछ वर्षों में पृथ्वी पर कार्बन डाइआॅक्साइड गैस की मात्रा लगातार बढ़ी है। वैज्ञानिकों द्वारा कार्बन डाइआॅक्साइड के उत्सर्जन और तापमान वृद्धि में गहरा सम्बन्ध बताया जाता है। सन 2006 में एक डाॅक्यूमेंट्री फिल्म आई - ‘द इन्कन्वीनियेंट ट्रुथ’। यह डाॅक्यूमेंट्री फिल्म तापमान वृद्धि और कार्बन उत्सर्जन पर केन्द्रित थी। इस फिल्म में मुख्य भूमिका में थे - अमेरिकी उपराष्ट्रपति ‘अल गोरे’ और इस फिल्म का निर्देशन ‘डेविड गुग्न्हेम’ ने किया था। इस फिल्म में ग्लोबल वार्मिंग को एक विभीषिका की तरह दर्शाया गया, जिसका प्रमुख कारण मानव गतिविधि जनित कार्बन डाइआॅक्साइड गैस माना गया। इस फिल्म को सम्पूर्ण विश्व में बहुत सराहा गया और फिल्म को सर्वश्रेष्ठ डाॅक्यूमेंट्री का आॅस्कर एवार्ड भी मिला। यद्यपि ग्लोबल वार्मिंग पर वैज्ञानिकों द्वारा शोध कार्य जारी है, मगर मान्यता यह है कि पृथ्वी पर हो रहे तापमान वृद्धि के लिये जिम्मेदार कार्बन उत्सर्जन है जोकि मानव गतिविधि जनित है। इसका प्रभाव विश्व के राजनीतिक घटनाक्रम पर भी पड़ रहा है। सन 1988 में ‘जलवायु परिवर्तन पर अन्तरशासकीय दल’ (Inter Governmental Panel on Climate Change) का गठन किया गया था। सन 2007 में इस अन्तरशासकीय दल और तत्कालीन अमेरिकी उपराष्ट्रपति ‘अल गोरे’ को शांति का नोबल पुरस्कार दिया गया। आई.पी.सी.सी. वस्तुतः एक ऐसा अन्तरशासकीय वैज्ञानिक संगठन है जो जलवायु परिवर्तन से जुड़ी सभी सामाजिक, आर्थिक जानकारियों को इकट्ठा कर उनका विश्लेषण करता है। आई.पी.सी.सी का गठन सन 1988 में संयुक्त राष्ट्र संघ की जनरल असेंबली के दौरान हुआ था। यह दल खुद शोध कार्य नहीं करता और न ही जलवायु के विभिन्न कारकों पर नजर रखता है। यह दल सिर्फ प्रतिष्ठित जर्नल में प्रकाशित शोध पत्रों के आधार पर जलवायु को प्रभावित करने वाले मानव जनित कारकों से सम्बन्धित राय को अपनी रिपोटर्स के जरिए सरकारों और आम जनता तक पहुँचाता है। आई.पी.सी.सी. की रिपोर्ट के अनुसार मानवजनित ग्रीन हाउस गैसें वर्तमान में पर्यावरण में हो रहे तापमान वृद्धि के लिये पूरी तरह से जिम्मेदार हैं, जिनमें कार्बन डाइऑक्साइड की मात्रा सबसे ज्यादा है। इस रिपोर्ट में कहा गया है कि ग्लोबल वार्मिंग में 90 प्रतिशत योगदान मानवजनित कार्बन उत्सर्जन का है। जबकि प्रो. यू.आर. राव अपने शोध के आधार पर कह रहे हैं कि ग्लोबल वार्मिंग में 40 प्रतिशत योगदान तो सिर्फ काॅस्मिक विकिरण का है। इसके अलावा कई अन्य कारक भी हैं जिनका ग्लोबल वार्मिंग में योगदान है और उन पर शोध कार्य जारी है। भारतीय अंतरिक्ष एजेंसी द्वारा ‘इसरो’ के पूर्व चेयरमैन और भौतिकविद प्रो. यू.आर. राव अपने शोध-पत्र में लिखते हैं कि अंतरिक्ष से पृथ्वी पर आपतित हो रहे काॅस्मिक विकिरण का सीधा सम्बन्ध सौर-क्रियाशीलता से होता है। अगर सूरज की क्रियाशीलता बढ़ती है तो ब्रह्माण्ड से आने वाला काॅस्मिक विकिरण निचले स्तर के बादलों के निर्माण में प्रमुख भूमिका निभाता है। इस बात की पेशकश सबसे पहले स्वेन्समार्क और क्रिस्टेन्सन नामक वैज्ञानिकों ने की थी। निचले स्तर के बादल सूरज से आने वाले विकिरण को परावर्तित कर देते हैं, जिस कारण से पृथ्वी पर सूरज से आने वाले विकिरण के साथ आई गर्मी भी परावर्तित होकर ब्रह्माण्ड में वापस चली जाती है। वैज्ञानिकों ने पाया कि सन 1925 से सूरज की क्रियाशीलता में लगातार वृद्धि हुई। जिसके कारण पृथ्वी पर आपतित होने वाले काॅस्मिक विकिरण में लगभग 9 प्रतिशत कमी आई है। इस विकिरण में आई कमी से पृथ्वी पर बनने वाले खास तरह के निचले स्तर के बादलों के निर्माण में भी कमी आई है, जिससे सूरज से आने वाला विकिरण सोख लिया जाता है और इस कारण से पृथ्वी के तापमान में वृद्धि का अनुमान लगाया जा सकता है। प्रो. राव के निष्कर्ष के अनुसार ग्लोबल वार्मिंग में इस प्रक्रिया का 40 प्रतिशत योगदान है जबकि काॅस्मिक विकिरण सम्बन्धी जलवायु ताप की प्रक्रिया मानव गतिविधि जनित नहीं है और न ही मानव इसे संचालित कर सकता है। इस तरह यह शोध आई.पी.सी.सी के इस निष्कर्ष का खंडन करता है कि ग्लोबल वार्मिंग में 90 प्रतिशत योगदान मानव का है। अगर ग्लोबल वार्मिंग के अन्य कारकों का अध्ययन किया जाए तो ग्लोबल वार्मिंग में मानव-गतिविधियों का योगदान आई.पी.सी.सी. की रिपोर्ट की अपेक्षा बहुत कम होगा। प्रो. राव के इस शोध-पत्र के प्रकाशन के ठीक दो दिन बाद विश्व के प्रख्यात वैज्ञानिक जर्नल ‘नेचर’ में यूनिवर्सिटी आॅफ लीड्स के प्रो. ऐन्ड्रयू शेफर्ड का शोध-पत्र प्रकाशित हुआ, जिसमें कहा गया है कि ग्रीनलैंड की बर्फ को पिघलने में उस समय से कहीं अधिक समय लगेगा जितना की आई.पी.सी.सी. की चौथी रिपोर्ट में कहा गया है। ऐन्ड्रयू शेफर्ड अपने शोध-पत्र में लिखते हैं कि ग्रीनलैंड की बर्फ अपेक्षाकृत सुरक्षित है, उसे पिघलने में काफी वक्त लगेगा। सन 1999 में डाॅ. वी.के. रैना ने अपने शोध के दौरान पाया था कि हिमालय ग्लेशियर भी अपेक्षाकृत सुरक्षित हैं। हालाँकि, प्रो. राव के इस शोध के प्रमुख आधार काॅस्मिक विकिरण और निचले स्तर के बादलों की निर्माण प्रक्रिया के बीच के अन्तःसम्बन्धों पर कुछ वैज्ञानिकों ने इस दिशा में शोध भी किए, मगर अब तक अंतरिक्ष से पृथ्वी पर आपतित हो रहे काॅस्मिक विकिरण और पृथ्वी पर निचले स्तर के बादलों के निर्माण के अन्तःसम्बन्धों पर विश्व के सभी वैज्ञानिकों में आम सहमति नहीं बन पाई है। यहाँ यह बताना भी जरूरी है कि इस पूरे मुद्दे पर सही निष्कर्ष पर पहुँचने के लिये ‘यूरोपीय नाभिकीय अनुसंधान संगठन’ (CERN) के ‘लार्ज हैड्रोन कोलाइडर’ की सहयता से वैज्ञानिकों ने प्रयोगों की एक श्रृंखला संपन्न करने का निर्णय लिया है। यह प्रयोग अभी हाल ही में प्रारम्भ हुआ है और ऐसी आशा है कि परिणाम आने जल्द शुरू हो जाएँगे। इस प्रोजेक्ट को ‘क्लाउड’, (Cosmic Leaving Outdoor)’ का नाम दिया गया है। इस प्रोजेक्ट में काॅस्मिक विकिरण का पृथ्वी पर बादलों के बनने की प्रक्रिया पर प्रभाव, जलवायु परिवर्तन पर प्रभाव आदि सम्बन्धित विषयों पर अध्ययन और शोध किया जा रहा है। जलवायु विज्ञान के इतिहास में यह पहली बार होने जा रहा है कि जलवायु से जुड़े मुद्दों पर ‘उच्च-ऊर्जा कण त्वरक’ (High Energy Particle Accelerator) का इस्तेमाल किया जाएगा। उम्मीद है कि इस प्रयोग के संपन्न होने के बाद इस पूरे विषय पर हमारी समझ और विकसित हो सकेगी।

घातक परिणाम

ग्रीन हाउस गैस वो गैस होती है जो पृथ्वी के वातावरण में प्रवेश कर यहाँ का तापमान बढ़ाने में कारक बनती हैं। वैज्ञानिकों के अनुसार इन गैसों का उत्सर्जन अगर इसी प्रकार चलता रहा तो 21वीं शताब्दी में पृथ्वी का तापमान 3 डिग्री से 8 डिग्री सेल्सियस तक बढ़ सकता है। अगर ऐसा हुआ तो इसके परिणाम बहुत घातक होंगे। दुनिया के कई हिस्सों में बिछी बर्फ की चादरें पिघल जाएँगी, समुद्र का जल स्तर कई फीट ऊपर तक बढ़ जाएगा। समुद्र के इस बर्ताव से दुनिया के कई हिस्से जलमग्न हो जाएँगे, भारी तबाही मचेगी। यह तबाही किसी विश्वयुद्ध या किसी ‘ऐस्टेराॅइड’ के पृथ्वी से टकराने के बाद होने वाली तबाही से भी बढ़कर होगी। हमारे ग्रह पृथ्वी के लिये भी यह स्थिति बहुत हानिकारक होगी।

ग्लोबल वार्मिंग को रोकने का कोई इलाज नहीं है। इसके बारे में सिर्फ जागरूकता फैलाकर ही इससे लड़ा जा सकता है। हमें अपनी पृथ्वी को सही मायनों में ‘ग्रीन’ बनाना होगा। अपने ‘कार्बन फुटप्रिंट्स’ (प्रति व्यक्ति कार्बन उत्सर्जन को मापने का पैमाना) को कम करना होगा।हम अपने आस-पास के वातावरण को प्रदूषण से जितना मुक्त रखेंगे, इस पृथ्वी को बचाने में उतनी ही बड़ी भूमिका निभाएंगे।

ग्रीन हाउस गैसों का उत्सर्जन

इस पारिस्थितिक संकट से निपटने के लिये मानव को सचेत रहने की जरूरत है। दुनिया भर की राजनीतिक शक्तियाँ इस बहस में उलझी हैं कि गर्माती धरती के लिये किसे जिम्मेदार ठहराया जाए। अधिकतर राष्ट्र यह मानते हैं कि उनकी वजह से ग्लोबल वार्मिंग नहीं हो रही है। लेकिन सच यह है कि इसके लिये कोई भी जिम्मेदार हो, भुगतना सबको है। यह बहस जारी रहेगी लेकिन ऐसी कई छोटी पहल है जिनसे अगर हम शुरू करें तो धरती को बचाने में बूँद भर योगदान कर सकते हैं।

ग्लोबल वार्मिंग पर यू.एन. वार्ता

संयुक्त राष्ट्र के सदस्यों ने 2015 तक नई जलवायु संधि कराने के लिये पहला कदम उठाया है और इस पर बातचीत शुरू की है कि वे किस तरह इस लक्ष्य को पूरा करेंगे। यह संधि विकसित और विकासशील देशों पर लागू होगी।संयुक्त राष्ट्र के फ्रेमवर्क कन्वेंशन आॅन क्लाइमेट चेंज (यू.एन.एफ.सी.सी.सी.) पर दस्तखत करने वाले 195 देशों ने बाॅन में इस बात पर बहस शुरू की है कि पिछले साल दिसंबर में डरबन सम्मेलन में तय लक्ष्य पाने के लिये वह किस तरह काम करेंगे। उद्घाटन समारोह की अध्यक्षता करने वाली दक्षिण अफ्रीका की माइते एनकोआना मशाबाने ने सदस्य देशों से वार्ता के पुराने और नकारा तरीकों को छोड़ने की अपील की। उन्होंने समुद्र के बढ़ते जल स्तर की वजह से डूबने का संकट झेल रहे छोटे देशों का जिक्र करते हुए कहा, ‘‘समय कम है और हमें अपने कुछ भाइयों, खासकर छोटे द्वीपों वाले देशों की अपील को गम्भीरता से लेना है।’’

जर्मनी की पुरानी राजधानी बाॅन में आयोजित सम्मेलन के अनुसार 2015 तक नई संधि पूरी हो जाएगी और उसे 2020 से लागू कर दिया जाएगा। इसमें गरीब और अमीर देशों को ग्लोबल वार्मिंग रोकने के लिये और जहरीली गैसों के उत्सर्जन को कम करने के लिये एक ही कानूनी ढाँचे में रखा जाएगा। इस समय संयुक्त राष्ट्र के तहत विकसित और विकासशील देशों के लिये पर्यावरण सुरक्षा सम्बन्धी अलग-अलग कानूनी नियम हैं।आलोचकों का कहना है कि ये नियम अब समय के अनुसार नहीं हैं। ग्लोबल वार्मिंग के लिये ज्यादातर ऐतिहासिक जिम्मेदारी अमीर देशों की है, लेकिन उनका कहना है कि भविष्य में समस्या को सुलझाने का बोझ उन पर डालना अनुचित होगा। इस बीच सबसे ज्यादा जहरीली गैसों का उत्सर्जन करने वालों की सूची में चीन, भारत और ब्राजील जैसे देश शामिल होते जा रहे हैं जो अपनी आबादी को गरीबी से बाहर निकालने के लिये कोयला, तेल और गैस का व्यापक इस्तेमाल कर रहे हैं। हालाँकि, अभी भी प्रति व्यक्ति औसत खपत पश्चिमी देशों से कम है। समुद्र में बसे छोटे देशों और अफ्रीकी देशों ने चेतावनी देते हुए कहा है कि गैसों के उत्सर्जन में कटौती के वायदों और ग्लोबल वार्मिंग रोकने के लिये उसकी जरूरत के बीच बड़ी खाई है। वैज्ञानिकों का कहना है कि यदि वर्तमान उत्सर्जन जारी रहता है तो दुनिया का तापमान 4 डिग्री सेल्सियस बढ़ जाएगा, जबकि यू.एन.एफ.सी.सी.सी. ने 2011 में 2 डिग्री सेल्सियस को सुरक्षित अधिकतम वृद्धि बताया है। यू.एन.एफ.सी.सी.सी. ने सिर्फ इतना तय किया है कि उसे साझा, लेकिन अलग-अलग, जिम्मेदारी तय करनी है। इसका मतलब है कि गरीब और अमीर अर्थव्यवस्थाओं पर अलग-अलग बोझ डाला जाएगा। 2015 तक जिन मुद्दों पर फैसला लिया जाना है, वह यह है कि कौन देश कितनी कटौती करेगा, संधि को लागू करने की संरचना क्या होगी, उसका कानूनी दर्जा क्या होगा। विकासशील देश विकसित औद्योगिक देशों से सद्भावना दिखाने की मांग कर रहे हैं। वे यूरोपीय संघ से क्योटो संधि के वायदों को फिर से दोहराने की अपील कर रहे हैं। वह अकेली संधि है जिसमें ग्रीन हाउस गैसों में कटौती तय की गई थी। इसके विपरीत क्योटो को पास करने वाला अमेरिका उभरते देशों से कटौती के अपने वायदों को बढ़ाने की मांग कर रहा है। आने वाले विवादों को संकेत देते हुए ग्रीन क्लाइमेट फंड की पहली बैठक स्थगित कर दी गई है। इसका गठन गरीब देशों की मदद के लिये 10 अरब डाॅलर जमा करना है।

ग्लोबल वार्मिंग रोकने के उपाय

वैज्ञानिकों और पर्यावरणविदों का कहना है कि ग्लोबल वार्मिंग में कमी के लिये मुख्य रूप से सी.एफ.सी. गैसों का उत्सर्जन रोकना होगा और इसके लिये फ्रिज़, एयर कंडीशनर और दूसरे कूलिंग मशीनों का इस्तेमाल कम करना होगा या ऐसी मशीनों का उपयोग करना होगा जिससे सी.एफ.सी.गैसें कम निकलती हों।औद्योगिक इकाइयों की चिमनियों से निकलने वाला धुआँ हानिकारक है और इनसे निकलने वाला कार्बन डाइआॅक्साइड गर्मी बढ़ाता है। इन इकाइयों में प्रदूषण रोकने के उपाय करने होंगे। वाहनों में से निकलने वाले धुएँ का प्रभाव कम करने के लिये पर्यावरण मानकों का सख्ती से पालन करना होगा। उद्योगों और ख़ासकर रासायनिक इकाइयों से निकलने वाले कचरे को फिर से उपयोग में लाने लायक बनाने की कोशिश करनी होगी और प्राथमिकता के आधार पर पेड़ों की कटाई रोकनी होगी और जंगलों के संरक्षण पर बल देना होगा। अक्षय ऊर्जा के उपायों पर ध्यान देना होगा यानि अगर कोयले से बनने वाली बिजली के बदले पवन ऊर्जा, सौर ऊर्जा और पनबिजली पर ध्यान दिया जाए तो वातावरण को गर्म करने वाली गैसों पर नियंत्रण पाया जा सकता है तथा साथ ही जंगलों में आग लगने पर रोक लगानी होगी। संपर्क

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Essays in Hindi /

ग्लोबल वार्मिंग का क्या प्रभाव पड़ता है जानिए इन निबंधों के द्वारा

Updated on
जून 6, 2023

ग्लोबल वार्मिंग 21वीं शताब्दी का सबसे बड़ा खतरा है। धरती पर गर्मी खतरनाक गति से बढ़ रही है। इसके कारण शताब्दियों से जमे हिमखंड पिघल रहे हैं। ग्लोबल वार्मिंग क्योंकि एक बहुत गंभीर समस्या है इसलिए इस पर निबंध कई SAT , UPSC जैसी कई शैक्षणिक और शैक्षिक परीक्षाओं का एक अभिन्न अंग हैं। निबंध लिखने में सक्षम होना किसी भी भाषा में महारत हासिल करने का एक अभिन्न अंग है। यह अंग्रेजी दक्षता परीक्षाओं के साथ-साथ IELTS , TOEFL आदि का एक महत्वपूर्ण मूल्यांकनात्मक हिस्सा है। हम कह सकते हैं कि निबंध पूरी दुनिया के आकलन के लिए अपने विचारों को स्पष्ट और स्पष्ट रूप से प्रस्तुत करने में एक व्यक्ति की मदद करते हैं। वे एक व्यक्ति की विश्लेषणात्मक सोच भी प्रस्तुत करते हैं और एक व्यक्ति को धाराप्रवाह अपनी राय व्यक्त करने में सक्षम बनाते हैं। इस ब्लॉग के जरिए आप ग्लोबल वार्मिंग पर निबंध लिखना सीखनें के साथ इस विकट समस्या को गहराई से समझ पाएंगे। तो आइए शुरू करते हैं essay on global warming in hindi, global warming essay in hindi या ग्लोबल वार्मिंग निबंध।

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ग्लोबल वार्मिंग क्या होती है, ग्लोबल वार्मिंग के प्रभाव, भूमंडलीय तापक्रम में वृद्धि क्या है, ग्लोबल वार्मिंग पर निबंध के सैम्पल्स, ग्लोबल वार्मिंग पर निबंध 100-150 शब्दों में, 250 शब्दों में ग्लोबल वार्मिंग पर निबंध, ग्लोबल वार्मिंग पर निबंध 500 शब्दों में , ग्लोबल वार्मिंग पर निबंध यूपीएससी, जलवायु परिवर्तन और ग्लोबल वार्मिंग निबंध, ग्लोबल वार्मिंग पर अनुच्छेद, निबंध लिखने की युक्तियाँ.

वायुमंडल में ग्रीन हाउस गैसों (मीथेन, कार्बन डाय ऑक्साइड, ऑक्साइड और क्लोरो-फ्लूरो-कार्बन) के बढ़ने के कारण पृथ्वी के औसत तापमान में होने वाली बढ़ोतरी को ग्लोबल वार्मिंग कहा जाता है।

ग्लोबल वार्मिंग के कारण बढ़े हुए समुद्र के वाटर लेवल के फलस्वरूप इनका डेवलपमेंट, डिस्ट्रीब्यूशन एवं इनके द्वारा निर्मित विभिन्न टोपोग्राफिकल स्ट्रक्चर प्रभावित हो सकती हैं। इसी प्रकार बहुत सी वनस्पतियों तथा जीवों का पलायन धीरे-धीरे ध्रुवीय प्रदेशों या उच्च पर्वतीय प्रदेशों की तरफ हो सकता है।

ग्लोबल वार्मिंग पिछली शताब्दी में पृथ्वी की औसत सतह के तापमान में असामान्य रूप से तेजी से वृद्धि है, मुख्य रूप से जीवाश्म ईंधन जलाने वाले लोगों द्वारा जारी ग्रीनहाउस गैसों के कारण। ग्रीनहाउस गैसों में मीथेन, नाइट्रस ऑक्साइड, ओजोन, कार्बन डाइऑक्साइड, जल वाष्प और क्लोरोफ्लोरोकार्बन शामिल हैं। हर गुजरते साल के साथ मौसम की भविष्यवाणी अधिक जटिल होती जा रही है, मौसम अधिक अप्रभेद्य होते जा रहे हैं और सामान्य तापमान गर्म होता जा रहा है। 21वीं सदी की शुरुआत के बाद से तूफान, चक्रवात, सूखा, बाढ़ आदि की संख्या में लगातार वृद्धि हुई है। इन सभी परिवर्तनों के पीछे का पर्यवेक्षक ग्लोबल वार्मिंग है। नाम काफी आत्म-व्याख्यात्मक है; इसका अर्थ है पृथ्वी के तापमान में वृद्धि।

पृथ्वी को गर्मी से बचाएं क्योंकि आप इससे अपनी रक्षा करते हैं!

ग्लोबल वार्मिंग पर निबंध लिखते समय ग्लोबल वार्मिंग और पॉइंटर को ध्यान में रखने के विचार से परिचित होने के बाद, global warming essay in hindi के सैंपल के लिए आगे पढ़ते हैं।

ग्लोबल वार्मिंग पृथ्वी के वायुमंडल में कार्बन डाइऑक्साइड के स्तर में वृद्धि और पिछली कुछ शताब्दियों से हमारे पर्यावरण को नुकसान पहुंचाने वाली मानवीय गतिविधियों के परिणामस्वरूप होता है। ग्लोबल वार्मिंग एक ऐसी चीज है जिसे नजरअंदाज नहीं किया जा सकता है और वैश्विक स्तर पर इस स्थिति से निपटने के लिए कदम उठाने होंगे। पिछले कुछ वर्षों से औसत तापमान में लगातार 1.5 डिग्री सेल्सियस की वृद्धि हो रही है। भविष्य में पृथ्वी को होने वाले नुकसान को रोकने का सबसे अच्छा तरीका, अधिक वनों को काटने पर प्रतिबंध लगाया जाना चाहिए और वनीकरण को प्रोत्साहित किया जाना चाहिए। अपने घरों और कार्यालयों के पास पेड़ लगाकर शुरुआत करें, आयोजनों में भाग लें, पेड़ लगाने का महत्व सिखाएं। नुकसान को पूर्ववत करना असंभव है लेकिन आगे के नुकसान को रोकना संभव है।

लंबे समय से, यह देखा गया है कि पृथ्वी का बढ़ता तापमान वन्य जीवन, जानवरों, मनुष्यों और पृथ्वी पर हर जीवित जीव को प्रभावित करता था। ग्लेशियर पिघल रहे हैं, कई देशों ने पानी की कमी, बाढ़, कटाव शुरू कर दिया है और यह सब ग्लोबल वार्मिंग के कारण है। ग्लोबल वार्मिंग के लिए इंसानों को छोड़कर किसी को भी दोषी नहीं ठहराया जा सकता है। बिजली संयंत्रों से निकलने वाली गैसों, परिवहन, वनों की कटाई जैसी मानवीय गतिविधियों के परिणामस्वरूप पृथ्वी के वायुमंडल में कार्बन डाइऑक्साइड, सीएफ़सी और अन्य प्रदूषकों जैसी गैसों में वृद्धि हुई है। मुख्य सवाल यह है कि हम वर्तमान स्थिति को कैसे नियंत्रित कर सकते हैं और आने वाली पीढ़ियों के लिए एक बेहतर दुनिया का निर्माण कर सकते हैं। इसकी शुरुआत प्रत्येक व्यक्ति के छोटे-छोटे कदमों से होती है।

खरीदारी के सभी उद्देश्यों के लिए टिकाऊ सामग्री से बने कपड़े के थैलों का उपयोग करना शुरू करें, उच्च वाट की रोशनी का उपयोग करने के बजाय ऊर्जा कुशल बल्बों का उपयोग करें, बिजली बंद करें, पानी बर्बाद न करें, वनों की कटाई को समाप्त करें और अधिक पेड़ लगाने को प्रोत्साहित करें। ऊर्जा के उपयोग को पेट्रोलियम या अन्य जीवाश्म ईंधन से पवन और सौर ऊर्जा में स्थानांतरित करें। पुराने कपड़ों को फेंकने के बजाय किसी को दान कर दें ताकि इसे रिसाइकिल किया जा सके। पुरानी किताबें दान करें, कागज बर्बाद न करें। सबसे बढ़कर, ग्लोबल वार्मिंग के बारे में जागरूकता फैलाएं। पृथ्वी को बचाने के लिए एक व्यक्ति जो भी छोटा-मोटा काम करता है, वह बड़ी या छोटी मात्रा में योगदान देगा।

यह महत्वपूर्ण है कि हम सीखें कि 1% प्रयास बिना किसी प्रयास के बेहतर है। प्रकृति की देखभाल करने और ग्लोबल वार्मिंग के बारे में बोलने का संकल्प लें। ऊर्जा के उपयोग को पेट्रोलियम या अन्य जीवाश्म ईंधन से पवन और सौर ऊर्जा में स्थानांतरित करें। पुराने कपड़ों को फेंकने के बजाय किसी को दान कर दें ताकि इसे रिसाइकिल किया जा सके। पुरानी किताबें दान करें, कागज बर्बाद न करें। सबसे बढ़कर, ग्लोबल वार्मिंग के बारे में जागरूकता फैलाएं।

इस ग्रह को दर्द होता है, उसे गर्मी से मत दुखाओ।

ग्लोबल वार्मिंग भविष्यवाणी नहीं है, यह हो रहा है। इसे नकारने वाला या इससे अनजान व्यक्ति सबसे सरल शब्दों में उलझा हुआ है। क्या हमारे पास रहने के लिए कोई दूसरा ग्रह है? दुर्भाग्य से, हमें केवल यह एक ऐसा ग्रह प्रदान किया गया है जो जीवन को बनाए रख सकता है फिर भी वर्षों से हमने अपनी दुर्दशा से आंखें मूंद ली हैं। ग्लोबल वार्मिंग एक अमूर्त अवधारणा नहीं है, बल्कि एक वैश्विक घटना है जो इस समय भी इतनी धीमी गति से घटित हो रही है।

ग्लोबल वार्मिंग एक ऐसी घटना है जो हर मिनट हो रही है जिसके परिणामस्वरूप पृथ्वी की समग्र जलवायु में धीरे-धीरे वृद्धि हो रही है। वातावरण में सौर विकिरण को फंसाने वाली ग्रीनहाउस गैसों द्वारा लाया गया, ग्लोबल वार्मिंग पृथ्वी के पूरे मानचित्र को बदल सकता है, क्षेत्रों को विस्थापित कर सकता है, कई देशों में बाढ़ ला सकता है और कई जीवन रूपों को नष्ट कर सकता है। चरम मौसम ग्लोबल वार्मिंग का प्रत्यक्ष परिणाम है लेकिन यह संपूर्ण परिणाम नहीं है। ग्लोबल वार्मिंग के लगभग असीमित प्रभाव हैं जो पृथ्वी पर जीवन के लिए हानिकारक हैं।

दुनिया भर में समुद्र का स्तर प्रति वर्ष 0.12 इंच बढ़ रहा है। ऐसा ग्लोबल वार्मिंग के कारण ध्रुवीय बर्फ की टोपियों के पिघलने के कारण हो रहा है। इससे कई तराई क्षेत्रों में बाढ़ की आवृत्ति बढ़ गई है और प्रवाल भित्तियों को नुकसान पहुंचा है। आर्कटिक ग्लोबल वार्मिंग से सबसे ज्यादा प्रभावित क्षेत्रों में से एक है। वायु की गुणवत्ता पर प्रतिकूल प्रभाव पड़ा है और समुद्री जल की अम्लता भी बढ़ गई है जिससे समुद्री जीवों को गंभीर नुकसान हुआ है। ग्लोबल वार्मिंग के कारण गंभीर प्राकृतिक आपदाएं आती हैं, जिसका जीवन और संपत्ति पर गंभीर प्रभाव पड़ा है।

जब तक मानव जाति ग्रीनहाउस गैसों का उत्पादन करती है, ग्लोबल वार्मिंग में तेजी जारी रहेगी। परिणाम बहुत छोटे पैमाने पर महसूस किए जाते हैं जो निकट भविष्य में और भीषण हो जाएंगे। दिन बचाने की ताकत इंसानों के हाथ में है, जरूरत है दिन को जब्त करने की। ऊर्जा की खपत को व्यक्तिगत आधार पर कम किया जाना चाहिए। ऊर्जा स्रोतों की बर्बादी को कम करने के लिए ईंधन कुशल कारों और अन्य इलेक्ट्रॉनिक्स को प्रोत्साहित किया जाना चाहिए। इससे वायु की गुणवत्ता में भी सुधार होगा और वातावरण में ग्रीनहाउस गैसों की सांद्रता कम होगी। ग्लोबल वार्मिंग एक ऐसी बुराई है जिसे एक साथ लड़ने पर ही हराया जा सकता है।

पहले से कहीं ज्यादा देर हो चुकी है। अगर हम सब आज कदम उठाते हैं, तो कल हमारा भविष्य बहुत उज्जवल होगा। ग्लोबल वार्मिंग हमारे अस्तित्व का अभिशाप है और इससे लड़ने के लिए दुनिया भर में विभिन्न नीतियां सामने आई हैं लेकिन यह पर्याप्त नहीं है। वास्तविक अंतर तब आता है जब हम इससे लड़ने के लिए व्यक्तिगत स्तर पर काम करते हैं। एक अपरिवर्तनीय गलती बनने से पहले इसके आयात को समझना अब महत्वपूर्ण है। ग्लोबल वार्मिंग को खत्म करना अत्यंत महत्वपूर्ण है और हम में से प्रत्येक इसके लिए उतना ही जिम्मेदार है जितना कि अगले।

ग्लोबल वार्मिंग के बारे में हमेशा हर जगह सुना जाता है, लेकिन क्या हम जानते हैं कि यह वास्तव में क्या है? सबसे खराब बुराई, ग्लोबल वार्मिंग एक ऐसी घटना है जो जीवन को अधिक घातक रूप से प्रभावित कर सकती है। ग्लोबल वार्मिंग से तात्पर्य विभिन्न मानवीय गतिविधियों के परिणामस्वरूप पृथ्वी के तापमान में वृद्धि से है। ग्रह धीरे-धीरे गर्म हो रहा है और उस पर जीवन रूपों के अस्तित्व को खतरा है। अथक अध्ययन और शोध किए जाने के बावजूद, अधिकांश आबादी के लिए ग्लोबल वार्मिंग विज्ञान की एक अमूर्त अवधारणा है। यह वह अवधारणा है जो वर्षों से ग्लोबल वार्मिंग को एक वास्तविक वास्तविकता बनाने में परिणत हुई है, न कि किताबों में शामिल एक कॉन्सेप्ट।

ग्लोबल वार्मिंग केवल एक कारण से नहीं होती है जिस पर अंकुश लगाया जा सकता है। ऐसे कई कारक हैं जो ग्लोबल वार्मिंग का कारण बनते हैं, जिनमें से अधिकांश व्यक्ति के दैनिक अस्तित्व का हिस्सा हैं। खाना पकाने, वाहनों में और अन्य पारंपरिक उपयोगों के लिए ईंधन जलाने से कार्बन डाइऑक्साइड, मीथेन जैसी कई अन्य ग्रीनहाउस गैसों का उत्पादन होता है जो ग्लोबल वार्मिंग को तेज करता है। बड़े पैमाने पर वनों की कटाई से ग्लोबल वार्मिंग भी होती है क्योंकि कम ग्रीन कवर के परिणामस्वरूप वातावरण में कार्बन डाइऑक्साइड की उपस्थिति बढ़ जाती है जो एक ग्रीनहाउस गैस है।

ग्लोबल वार्मिंग का समाधान खोजना तत्काल महत्व का है। ग्लोबल वार्मिंग एक ऐसी घटना है जिससे एकजुट होकर लड़ना होगा। ग्लोबल वार्मिंग के गंभीर परिणामों को दूर करने की दिशा में अधिक से अधिक पेड़ लगाना पहला कदम हो सकता है। हरित आवरण बढ़ने से कार्बन चक्र को विनियमित किया जा सकेगा। गैर-नवीकरणीय ऊर्जा के उपयोग से अक्षय ऊर्जा जैसे पवन या सौर ऊर्जा में बदलाव होना चाहिए जो कम प्रदूषण का कारण बनता है और जिससे ग्लोबल वार्मिंग के त्वरण में बाधा उत्पन्न होती है। व्यक्तिगत स्तर पर ऊर्जा की जरूरतों को कम करना और किसी भी रूप में ऊर्जा बर्बाद न करना ग्लोबल वार्मिंग के खिलाफ उठाया जाने वाला सबसे महत्वपूर्ण कदम है।

हम जिस शालीनता की गहरी नींद में चले गए हैं, उससे हमें जगाने के लिए चेतावनी की घंटी बज रही है। मनुष्य प्रकृति के खिलाफ लड़ सकता है और अब समय आ गया है कि हम इसे स्वीकार करें। हमारी सभी वैज्ञानिक प्रगति और तकनीकी आविष्कारों के साथ, ग्लोबल वार्मिंग के नकारात्मक प्रभावों से लड़ना असंभव है। हमें यह याद रखना होगा कि हमें अपने पूर्वजों से पृथ्वी विरासत में नहीं मिली है, बल्कि इसे अपनी आने वाली पीढ़ी से उधार लेते हैं और जीवन के अस्तित्व के लिए उन्हें एक स्वस्थ ग्रह देने की जिम्मेदारी हमारे कंधों पर है।

ग्लोबल वार्मिंग और जलवायु परिवर्तन एक ही सिक्के के दो पहलू हैं। दोनों एक दूसरे से जुड़े हुए हैं और दुनिया भर में प्रमुख चिंता के दो मुद्दे हैं। पृथ्वी के वायुमंडल में कार्बन डाइऑक्साइड, सीएफ़सी, और अन्य प्रदूषक जैसे ग्रीन हाउस गैसों का उत्सर्जन ग्लोबल वार्मिंग का कारण बनता है जिससे जलवायु परिवर्तन होता है। पृथ्वी को हानिकारक पराबैंगनी किरणों से बचाने वाली ओजोन परत में ब्लैक होल बनने लगे हैं। मानवीय गतिविधियों ने जलवायु परिवर्तन और ग्लोबल वार्मिंग को जन्म दिया है। ग्लोबल वार्मिंग में औद्योगिक कचरे और धुएं का प्रमुख योगदान है। प्रभावित करने वाला एक अन्य कारक जीवाश्म ईंधन का जलना, वनों की कटाई और जलवायु परिवर्तन के कारणों में से एक है। ग्लोबल वार्मिंग के कारण अंटार्कटिका, ग्रीनलैंड और आर्कटिक में पर्वतीय हिमनद सिकुड़ रहे हैं और जलवायु परिवर्तन का कारण बन रहे हैं। पवन और सौर जैसे ऊर्जा स्रोतों के लिए जीवाश्म ईंधन के उपयोग से स्विच करना। कोई भी इलेक्ट्रॉनिक उपकरण खरीदते समय ऊर्जा बचत वाले सितारों के साथ सर्वोत्तम गुणवत्ता खरीदें। पानी बर्बाद न करें और अपने समुदाय में वर्षा जल संचयन को प्रोत्साहित करें।

एक शब्द जिसका आज हम आम तौर पर सामना करते हैं, वह है ग्लोबल वार्मिंग। शब्द के साथ हमारा परिचय हमारी पाठ्यपुस्तकों और उन नकारात्मक परिणामों तक सीमित है जिनके बारे में हम पढ़ते हैं। लेकिन क्या ग्लोबल वार्मिंग वास्तव में एक सैद्धांतिक अवधारणा से कहीं अधिक है। ग्लोबल वार्मिंग मुख्य रूप से मानवीय गतिविधियों के कारण गर्मी के फंसने के कारण पृथ्वी के धीरे-धीरे गर्म होने की घटना को संदर्भित करता है। ग्लोबल वार्मिंग का एक प्रमुख परिणाम यह है कि इससे पृथ्वी के तापमान में वृद्धि होगी जिससे ध्रुवीय बर्फ की टोपियों का पिघलना, चरम जलवायु और इस तरह सामान्य कामकाज में व्यवधान जैसे गंभीर नकारात्मक प्रभाव होंगे। इसके खतरे केवल कुछ पहलुओं तक ही सीमित नहीं हैं बल्कि सर्वव्यापी हैं और पृथ्वी पर जीवन के अस्तित्व को खतरे में डाल सकते हैं। हालांकि ग्लोबल वार्मिंग के कई कारण हैं, कुछ प्रमुख कारण दूसरों की तुलना में अधिक योगदान करते हैं। ये कारक इसकी दर को तेज करते हैं:

मनुष्यों की ऊर्जा आवश्यकताओं को पूरा करने के लिए जीवाश्म ईंधन के अत्यधिक जलने से वातावरण में ग्रीनहाउस गैसों का प्रतिशत कई गुना बढ़ जाता है।
वनों की कटाई मानवीय जरूरतों के लिए पेड़ों की अंधाधुंध कटाई है।
सतत कृषि और पशुपालन भी मीथेन को पढ़कर ग्लोबल वार्मिंग का कारण बनता है जो एक प्रमुख ग्रीनहाउस गैस है।
रेफ्रिजरेटर और एसी जैसे उपकरणों में इस्तेमाल होने वाले क्लोरोफ्लोरोकार्बन (सीएफसी) जैसे विभिन्न रसायनों के परिणामस्वरूप भी काफी हद तक ग्लोबल वार्मिंग होती है।

एक प्रभावी निबंध लिखने के लिए ऐसे कौशल की आवश्यकता होती है जो बहुत कम लोगों के पास हो और उससे भी कम लोग जानते हों कि इसे कैसे लागू किया जाए। एक निबंध लिखते समय एक कठिन काम हो सकता है जो कई बार परेशान करने वाला हो सकता है, एक सफल निबंध का मसौदा तैयार करने के लिए कुछ प्रमुख बिंदुओं को शामिल किया जा सकता है। इनमें निबंध की संरचना पर ध्यान केंद्रित करना, इसकी अच्छी तरह से योजना बनाना और महत्वपूर्ण विवरणों पर जोर देना शामिल है। नीचे कुछ संकेत दिए गए हैं जो आपको बेहतर संरचना और अधिक विचारशील निबंध लिखने में मदद कर सकते हैं जो आपके पाठकों तक पहुंचेंगे:

निरंतरता और प्रासंगिकता सुनिश्चित करने के लिए निबंध की रूपरेखा तैयार करें और निबंध की संरचना में कोई व्यवधान न हो।
एक थीसिस स्टेटमेंट पर निर्णय लें जो आपके निबंध का आधार बनेगी। यह आपके निबंध का बिंदु होगा और पाठकों को आपके विवाद को समझने में मदद करेगा।
परिचय की संरचना, एक विस्तृत निकाय और उसके बाद निष्कर्ष का पालन करें ताकि पाठक बिना किसी असंगति के निबंध को एक विशेष तरीके से समझ सकें।
निबंध को व्यावहारिक और पढ़ने के लिए आकर्षक बनाने के लिए अपनी शुरुआत को आकर्षक बनाएं और अपने निष्कर्ष में समाधान शामिल करें।
इसे प्रकाशित करने से पहले इसे फिर से पढ़ें और निबंध को और अधिक व्यक्तिगत और पाठकों के लिए अद्वितीय और दिलचस्प बनाने के लिए उसमें अपनी प्रतिभा जोड़ें।

वर्तमान में मानवीय गतिविधियों के कारण उत्पन्न ग्रीनहाउस गैसों के प्रभावस्वरूप पृथ्वी के दीर्घकालिक औसत तापमान में हुई वृद्धि को वैश्विक तापन/ग्लोबल वार्मिंग कहा जाता है ।

ग्लोबल वार्मिंग या वैश्विक तापमान बढ़ने का मतलब है कि पृथ्वी लगातार गर्म होती जा रही है. विज्ञानिकों का कहना है कि आने वाले दिनों में सूखा बढ़ेगा, बाढ़ की घटनाएँ बढ़ेंगी और मौसम का मिज़ाज बुरी तरह बिगड़ा हुआ दिखेगा. इसका असर दिखने भी लगा है. ग्लेशियर पिघल रहे हैं और रेगिस्तान पसरते जा रहे हैं .

वर्ल्ड मिटियोरॉलॉजिकल ऑर्गेनाइज़ेशन की रिपोर्ट में कहा गया है कि कार्बन डाइऑक्साइड, मिथेन और नाइट्रस ऑक्साइड की मात्रा औद्योगिक युग की शुरुआत के बाद से सबसे ज़्यादा है. इन गैसों से ही ग्लोबल वार्मिंग होती है.

हमें उम्मीद है कि इस ब्लॉग से आपको ग्लोबल वार्मिंग से जुड़ी सम्पूर्ण जानकारी प्राप्त हुई होगी। इसी और अन्य तरह के ब्लॉग्स पढ़ने के लिए Leverage Edu के साथ बने रहिए।

रश्मि पटेल विविध एजुकेशनल बैकग्राउंड रखने वाली एक पैशनेट राइटर और एडिटर हैं। उनके पास Diploma in Computer Science और BA in Public Administration and Sociology की डिग्री है, जिसका ज्ञान उन्हें UPSC व अन्य ब्लॉग लिखने और एडिट करने में मदद करता है। वर्तमान में, वह हिंदी साहित्य में अपनी दूसरी बैचलर की डिग्री हासिल कर रही हैं, जो भाषा और इसकी समृद्ध साहित्यिक परंपरा के प्रति उनके प्रेम से प्रेरित है। लीवरेज एडु में एडिटर के रूप में 2 साल से ज़्यादा अनुभव के साथ, रश्मि ने छात्रों को मूल्यवान मार्गदर्शन प्रदान करने में अपनी स्किल्स को निखारा है। उन्होंने छात्रों के प्रश्नों को संबोधित करते हुए 1000 से अधिक ब्लॉग लिखे हैं और 2000 से अधिक ब्लॉग को एडिट किया है। रश्मि ने कक्षा 1 से ले कर PhD विद्यार्थियों तक के लिए ब्लॉग लिखे हैं जिन में उन्होंने कोर्स चयन से ले कर एग्जाम प्रिपरेशन, कॉलेज सिलेक्शन, छात्र जीवन से जुड़े मुद्दे, एजुकेशन लोन्स और अन्य कई मुद्दों पर बात की है। Leverage Edu पर उनके ब्लॉग 50 लाख से भी ज़्यादा बार पढ़े जा चुके हैं। रश्मि को नए SEO टूल की खोज व उनका उपयोग करने और लेटेस्ट ट्रेंड्स के साथ अपडेट रहने में गहरी रुचि है। लेखन और संगठन के अलावा, रश्मि पटेल की प्राथमिक रुचि किताबें पढ़ना, कविता लिखना, शब्दों की सुंदरता की सराहना करना है।

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What evidence exists that Earth is warming and that humans are the main cause?

We know the world is warming because people have been recording daily high and low temperatures at thousands of weather stations worldwide, over land and ocean, for many decades and, in some locations, for more than a century. When different teams of climate scientists in different agencies (e.g., NOAA and NASA) and in other countries (e.g., the U.K.’s Hadley Centre) average these data together, they all find essentially the same result: Earth’s average surface temperature has risen by about 1.8°F (1.0°C) since 1880.

Bar graph of global temperature anomalies with an overlay of a line graph of atmospheric carbon dioxide from 1850-2023

( bar chart ) Yearly temperature compared to the twentieth-century average from 1850–2023. Red bars mean warmer-than-average years; blue bars mean colder-than-average years. (line graph) Atmospheric carbon dioxide amounts: 1850-1958 from IAC , 1959-2023 from NOAA Global Monitoring Lab . NOAA Climate.gov graph, adapted from original by Dr. Howard Diamond (NOAA ARL).

In addition to our surface station data, we have many different lines of evidence that Earth is warming ( learn more ). Birds are migrating earlier, and their migration patterns are changing. Lobsters and other marine species are moving north. Plants are blooming earlier in the spring. Mountain glaciers are melting worldwide, and snow cover is declining in the Northern Hemisphere (Learn more here and here ). Greenland’s ice sheet—which holds about 8 percent of Earth’s fresh water—is melting at an accelerating rate ( learn more ). Mean global sea level is rising ( learn more ). Arctic sea ice is declining rapidly in both thickness and extent ( learn more ).

Aerial photo of glacier front with a graph overlay of Greenland ice mass over time

The Greenland Ice Sheet lost mass again in 2020, but not as much as it did 2019. Adapted from the 2020 Arctic Report Card, this graph tracks Greenland mass loss measured by NASA's GRACE satellite missions since 2002. The background photo shows a glacier calving front in western Greenland, captured from an airplane during a NASA Operation IceBridge field campaign. Full story.

We know this warming is largely caused by human activities because the key role that carbon dioxide plays in maintaining Earth’s natural greenhouse effect has been understood since the mid-1800s. Unless it is offset by some equally large cooling influence, more atmospheric carbon dioxide will lead to warmer surface temperatures. Since 1800, the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere has increased from about 280 parts per million to 410 ppm in 2019. We know from both its rapid increase and its isotopic “fingerprint” that the source of this new carbon dioxide is fossil fuels, and not natural sources like forest fires, volcanoes, or outgassing from the ocean.

DIgital image of a painting of a fire burning in a coal pile in a small village

Philip James de Loutherbourg's 1801 painting, Coalbrookdale by Night , came to symbolize the start of the Industrial Revolution, when humans began to harness the power of fossil fuels—and to contribute significantly to Earth's atmospheric greenhouse gas composition. Image from Wikipedia .

Finally, no other known climate influences have changed enough to account for the observed warming trend. Taken together, these and other lines of evidence point squarely to human activities as the cause of recent global warming.

USGCRP (2017). Climate Science Special Report: Fourth National Climate Assessment, Volume 1 [Wuebbles, D.J., D.W. Fahey, K.A. Hibbard, D.J. Dokken, B.C. Stewart, and T.K. Maycock (eds.)]. U.S. Global Change Research Program, Washington, DC, USA, 470 pp, doi: 10.7930/J0J964J6 .

National Fish, Wildlife, and Plants Climate Adaptation Partnership (2012): National Fish, Wildlife, and Plants Climate Adaptation Strategy . Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies, Council on Environmental Quality, Great Lakes Indian Fish and Wildlife Commission, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Washington, D.C. DOI: 10.3996/082012-FWSReport-1

IPCC (2019). Summary for Policymakers. In: IPCC Special Report on the Ocean and Cryosphere in a Changing Climate. [H.-O. Pörtner, D.C. Roberts, V. Masson-Delmotte, P. Zhai, M. Tignor, E. Poloczanska, K. Mintenbeck, A. Alegría, M. Nicolai, A. Okem, J. Petzold, B. Rama, N.M. Weyer (eds.)]. In press.

NASA JPL: "Consensus: 97% of climate scientists agree." Global Climate Change . A website at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory (climate.nasa.gov/scientific-consensus). (Accessed July 2013.)

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Climate Explained: Introductory Essays About Climate Change Topics

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Climate Explained, a part of Yale Climate Connections, is an essay collection that addresses an array of climate change questions and topics, including why it’s cold outside if global warming is real, how we know that humans are responsible for global warming, and the relationship between climate change and national security.

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Climate Change Basics: Five Facts, Ten Words

Backgrounders for Educators

To simplify the scientific complexity of climate change, we focus on communicating five key facts about climate change that everyone should know.

Why should we care about climate change?

Having different perspectives about global warming is natural, but the most important thing that anyone should know about climate change is why it matters.

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Global Warming Definition, Causes, Effects, Impacts, Solutions

Global Warming is a long-term increase in average global temperature. Read about Global Warming Definition, Causes, Effects, Impact on Climate Change & Solutions for the UPSC exam.

Table of Contents

What is Global Warming?

Global Warming is a long-term increase in average global temperature. It is considered a natural phenomenon, but anthropogenic activities on earth, particularly post Industrial Revolution , have led to an increase in the rate of this temperature increase. Various Reports published by the International Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) have time and again highlighted that since 1850 human activities have led to an increase of about 1 degree Celsius in average global temperature. Most of this warming has taken place in the second half of the 20th century. The fact that 5 of the hottest recorded year have occurred since 2015 can help us better understand the calamitous impact of anthropogenic activities.

Global Warming Causes

Green House Gases also known as GHGs in the atmosphere trap the solar radiations that are reflected by the earth’s surface. Under normal circumstances, most of these radiations escape into outer space. However, the release of GHGs by anthropogenic activities has increased their concentration in the atmosphere. Thus, the earth is getting hotter and hotter.

Some of the common GHGs include carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, chlorofluorocarbons, and water vapour, among others. The global warming potential of each GHG is different. For example, methane has a 25-time warming potential than carbon dioxide. Similarly, nitrous oxide has more than 250 times the warming potential than carbon dioxide. The top anthropogenic activities that are responsible for the release of GHGs are shown below.

Global Warming Definition, Causes, Effects, Impacts, Solutions_4.1

Global Warming and Green House Effect

Both phenomena are related to each other. Green House Gases also known as GHGs in the atmosphere trap the solar radiations that are reflected by the earth’s surface. Under normal circumstances, most of these radiations escape into outer space. However, the release of GHGs by anthropogenic activities has increased their concentration in the atmosphere. This is the primary cause of Global Warming .

Global Warming Effects

Increase in the average temperature of the earth.

According to IPCC reports, human-induced global warming is responsible for nearly 1 degree Celsius temperature rise vis a vis pre-industrial level. Data from NASA suggest that 2016 has been the hottest year on record.

Frequency of Extreme Weather Events is Increasing

Across the globe, extreme weather events have increased in occurrence. For example, forest fires in California have become an annual event. Also, it is increasing in frequency each year. Most recently, we have recorded the phenomena of heat waves in Antarctica. The intensity of cyclones in the Bay of Bengal region has increased. Similarly, the frequency of occurrence of El Niño and La Niña has reduced from once in 8–10 years to once in 3–4 years now. More frequent episodes of floods and drought are being recorded every year across the world.

Melting of Ice

According to IPCC, there is 10% less permafrost in North Hemisphere at present compared to the 1900s. Remote sensing data suggest Arctic ice is melting fast. Experts suggest that not only will the sea level rise with the melting of glaciers, but there is also a danger of new bacteria and viruses being released into the environment which has so far been trapped in ice sheets. This may lead to outbreaks of disease and pandemics which are beyond the control of human medical sciences.

Sea Level Rise and Acidification of Ocean

A report published by WMO, suggests that the rate of sea level rise has doubled for the period between 2013 and 2021 compared to the rate for the period between 1993 and 2002. Earth scientists are suggesting that if this phenomenon continues, many human-inhabited coastal areas will be submerged into the sea in the coming decades. Also, with the concentration of carbon dioxide rising in the atmosphere, oceans are absorbing more of it. This is leading to ocean acidification. The impact of this phenomenon can be disastrous for ocean biodiversity, particularly the coral reefs.

Adverse Impact on Terrestrial Ecosystems of the Earth

It has been recorded that many flora and fauna species are heading northwards in Northern Hemisphere. Significant changes have been observed in the migratory movements of birds across the world. Early arrival to their summer feeding and breeding grounds is quite evident. Expert biologists suggest that rising temperatures in the tropical and subtropical regions may lead to an outbreak of new diseases, which in turn may render many floral and faunal species extinct.

Social and Economic Impact

A rising number of extreme weather events will have an adverse impact on agriculture and fisheries. Rising global temperatures will have a negative impact on the productivity of human beings, particularly in tropical and subtropical regions of the earth. The impact on life and livelihoods of indigenous people across the world will be even more pronounced.

Global Warming Solutions

Global cooperation for reduction of emissions.

It is time that the target of containing the global average temperature rise within 1.5 degrees Celsius of pre-industrial levels is taken seriously. Also, global efforts should be based on a spirit of Common But Differentiated Responsibility. This will ensure that historical injustices done to the global south are duly acknowledged, and they have an equal chance to transform themselves into developed countries. Countries must act proactively to achieve Net Zero Emission status at the earliest.

Transition to Cleaner and Greener Forms of Energy

Thermal power plants based on coal should be made more efficient and inefficient ones should be phased off. Also, mass adoption of renewable forms of energy like solar should be promoted. Similarly, avenues for using hydrogen as energy fuel should be looked into. We must also explore the possibility of Nuclear fusion for energy generation, in addition to making nuclear fission-based energy generation safer.

Changes in Agricultural Practices and Land Use

Agriculture based on the use of nitrogenous fertilizers must be replaced with organic farming techniques. Also, methane gas released from agricultural and cattle waste must be trapped as biogas for domestic usage. Massive afforestation drives must be organized. Urban governments must make it a point to include green spaces in urban planning.

Improving Transportation System

The advent of E-vehicles is a welcome change, but we need to make the batteries used in these vehicles more efficient. Urban planners must make public transportation systems inherent as a benchmark of good urban planning. Also, urban planning should be such that it promotes more walking and cycling habits among the residents.

Behavioural Changes

All the above discussions will have no meaning if we as individuals are not sensitive enough. We need to make reducing, reusing and recycling a mantra of our living. It should be our civic duty to save water, and wildlife and raise awareness among others.

Solar Geoengineering

Solar geoengineering, a proposed climate intervention method, aims to counteract global warming by reflecting a portion of the sun’s rays back into space. One prominent approach involves injecting substances like sulphur dioxide into the upper atmosphere to create reflective aerosols. These particles can scatter sunlight, reducing the Earth’s temperature. However, solar geoengineering is a topic of debate, with concerns about its side effects, such as disrupted weather patterns and potential geopolitical risks. Research in this field is ongoing, but it remains a theoretical concept with limited practical implementation.

Can Solar Geoengineering Halt Global Warming?

Solar geoengineering, specifically solar radiation management (SRM), is under scrutiny as a potential method to mitigate global warming. SRM involves reflecting sunlight away from Earth, often by injecting substances like sulphur dioxide into the upper atmosphere to create reflective aerosols. However, its effectiveness remains a subject of debate, with concerns about potential side effects and ethical implications. While research in this field is ongoing, solar geoengineering is currently in a theoretical stage, with limited practical implementation.

Global Warming Conclusion

It is rightly said that “Charity begins at home.” Climate action will be more efficient if we go by this spirit. To begin with, each individual can make sure that what is happening in their house and immediate surroundings is in harmony with the environment. If this can happen, all the policies we are making at the local, national, regional and global levels will give far better results.

Global Warming UPSC

Each year, we read about rising global temperatures. Also, catching the headlines is the news related to disasters caused by events like cyclones, forest fires, floods and drought. All these phenomena can be attributed to one single cause which is global warming.

Global Warming is a long-term increase in average global temperature. It is considered a natural phenomenon, but anthropogenic activities on earth, particularly post-Industrial Revolution, have led to an increase in the rate of this temperature increase.

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Why is global warming a problem?

Global Warming at present rate can lead to disastrous impacts like rising sea level, out break of new diseases, extreme weather events among others.

What are 3 causes of global warming?

Human induced green house gas emission due to activities like agriculture, industrial emissions, transportation are the top 3 causes of global warming.

What are 5 effects of global warming?

Rising sea level, out break of new diseases, extreme weather events, changes in biodiversity and melting of glaciers are top 5 effects of global warming.

Why global warming is important?

Global warming at its natural rate is important to keep up the temperature of earth within the range that makes it habitable. This makes global warming important.

Can we control global warming?

Number of mitigation measures like shifting to cleaning forms of energy and transportation can be taken to control global warming.

Who help with global warming?

Global Warming is a collective challenge for entire humanity. Citizens, civil societies, governments and businesses must act in unison to address it.

I, Sakshi Gupta, am a content writer to empower students aiming for UPSC, PSC, and other competitive exams. My objective is to provide clear, concise, and informative content that caters to your exam preparation needs. I strive to make my content not only informative but also engaging, keeping you motivated throughout your journey!

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Climate change and environment, a liveable planet for every child..

Girls wade through floodwaters to reach their school in north-eastern Bangladesh where more than four million people were affected by extensive flooding in May 2022.

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Virtually every child on the planet is already affected by climate change. Natural disasters, environmental degradation, and biodiversity loss can devastate agriculture, cutting children off from nutritious foods and safe water. They can lead to dangerous environments and disease outbreaks, and destroy the safe shelter, quality health care and education systems children need to survive and thrive.

As humanitarian action falls short of addressing the climate crisis, children and young people are bearing the brunt. They make up half of the world’s population, but are least responsible for the greenhouse gas emissions, deforestation and other hazardous practices harming our environment.

The climate crisis is changing children . It is robbing them of their ability to grow healthy and happy, and can ultimately cause illness, disease and even death. Efforts to sustain a liveable planet must not only account for the unique needs and vulnerabilities of young people; they must also include them in the solutions. Children and young people have critical skills, experiences and ideas for safer, more sustainable societies. They are not simply inheritors of our inaction — they are living the consequences today.

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Help us tackle the climate crisis.

Our focus areas

Climate action.

Social programmes for children need to adapt to a changing climate. We advocate for child-centred climate adaptation, resilience-building and child-sensitive climate policies, while mapping out children’s climate risk and supporting young climate champions.

Disaster risk reduction and recovery

Even before disaster strikes, children need measures that reduce their risks of harm and support a resilient recovery. We work on vulnerability mapping, multi-hazard early warning systems, comprehensive disaster-management strategies and post-disaster needs. We also help governments build their capacity to strengthen social services and infrastructure to reduce the impact of disaster.

Environmental action

Climate change and environmental degradation can be addressed for and with young people, through programmes for survival, health and well-being. We support local solutions that value biodiversity as well as nature-based solutions. And we act to protect children’s health from toxic metals, chemicals, hazardous waste, air pollution and other harmful biproducts of our societies.

Sustainable energy

A brighter life for every child begins with sustainable energy. We partner with the public and private sectors to advance clean, renewable and sustainable energy solutions. That includes areas like the vaccine cold chain, and programmes like solar water pumping. We help to electrify schools and health centres, and to enable community-level energy access for education and social protection programmes. We also engage in green skills training, adolescent and youth mobilization, cross-sectoral advocacy and policymaking.

At UNICEF, our climate, disaster risk reduction, environment and energy activities aim to:

Advocate with governments and business partners to put children and young people first in their sustainability plans, budgets and actions towards a green transition.
Strengthen the resilience and continuity of social services to climate and environmental impacts, including humanitarian action in response to disasters.
Support and empower children and young people to adapt and create a better world.
Become sustainable within our own global programming, operations and supply chain.

Our strategy and action plan

Delivering results cannot be achieved by UNICEF alone. Our Sustainability and Climate Change Action Plan 2023-2030 galvanizes a global commitment to ensure a sustainable world and to protect the most vulnerable children from the worst impacts of a changing climate and degrading environment. It outlines UNICEF’s organizational response to this crisis as well as focus areas for action and partnerships.

Read our 2022-2030 Strategy to see how UNICEF plans to create a liveable planet for every child by 2030.

Our advocacy

The investments we can make for children now will ensure that they survive, grow and thrive in the face of climate and environmental shocks. UNICEF advocates for these investments, while supporting young people with the education and skills they need to help make the world a greener place.

Help us protect, prepare and prioritize every child for a safe, sustainable, and water-secure future.

Child-sensitive policies

UNICEF works to ensure that policies on climate, environment, energy and disaster risk reduction integrate children’s and young people’s views, concerns and solutions. Policies shape the world that the younger generation experiences today and will inherit in the future. In our climate change work, we support youth advocacy through tools and training. One example is the NDCs for every child Data Platform (available in English and Spanish ). This platform assesses the inclusion of young citizens in Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs), which are documents outlining efforts by each country to reduce emissions and adapt to the climate crisis in accordance with the Paris Agreement .

Multisectoral work

To ensure child-critical services are more inclusive, resilient to and prepared for disasters and climate change impacts, UNICEF works across the following sectors:

Education, including climate resilience
Health, including healthy environments ;
Water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH), including climate-resilient WASH initiatives ;
Child protection; and
Social policy, including shock responsive social protection .

Engagement with young people

UNICEF works to elevate and empower children and young people to meaningfully participate in the decisions and actions that affect them. We work with them to develop child- and youth-friendly tools for climate action and give voice to young climate activists, innovators and entrepreneurs.

Protecting children from the effects of climate change and empowering them as agents of change require transformational solutions . UNICEF’s approach to climate innovation is aimed at finding such solutions to the most stubborn climate crisis challenges.

Evidence generation

UNICEF is at the forefront of research, tools and analysis that governments rely on to plan and develop policy, and allocate investments towards the most vulnerable children. Among other pieces of evidence, we have developed:

The Children’s Climate Risk Index (CCRI) The first comprehensive view of children’s exposure and vulnerability to the impacts of climate change.

Climate crisis is a child rights crisis A report for advocacy on bold and urgent climate action.

Child-sensitive climate policies A study exploring the extent countries’ Paris Agreement climate commitments are inclusive, rights-based for children and young people, and ensure the services they depend on are climate- and disaster-resilient.

The Heat is On! Key recommendations and a self-assessment tool to make education systems in South Asia, and globally, more resilient in the face of increasing climate change risks.

Explore more evidence and publications.

The impacts of climate disasters affect different children differently, based on their gender , age, disability, location or migration status . UNICEF works to include all children in climate and DRR decision-making so to they can be better prepared, protected, and resilient.

Publications and resources

Children displaced in a changing climate.

Preparing for a future that’s already underway

Addressing the climate finance gap for children

Despite bearing the brunt of the climate crisis, children are being failed by climate funding commitments

A Liveable Planet for Every Child

UNICEF’s strategy for climate, environment, energy and disaster risk reduction (2022-2030)

The Climate Crisis is a Child Rights Crisis

Introducing the Children’s Climate Risk Index

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Global Warming: Impact on the Global Climate

Last updated on April 2, 2024 by ClearIAS Team

The gradual rise in earth’s temperature known as global warming is typically brought on by the greenhouse effect, which is brought on by elevated amounts of carbon dioxide, CFCs, and other pollutants. It has an immense impact on the global climate as well. Read here to know more about it.

Global warming is the long-term heating of the Earth’s surface observed since the pre-industrial period (between 1850 and 1900) due to human activities.

The leading cause was primarily fossil fuel burning, which increases heat-trapping greenhouse gas levels in Earth’s atmosphere.

This term is not interchangeable with the term “ climate change .”

Human activities are thought to have contributed to an increase in Earth’s average global temperature of about 1 degree Celsius (1.8 degrees Fahrenheit) since the pre-industrial era.

This temperature increase is currently happening at a rate of more than 0.2 degrees Celsius (0.36 degrees Fahrenheit) per decade.

Human activity since the 1950s has contributed to the current warming trend, which has been accelerating at an unheard-of rate for millennia.

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( Weather vs Climate:

Weather refers to atmospheric conditions that occur locally over short periods, from minutes to hours or days. Familiar examples include rain, snow, clouds, winds, floods, or thunderstorms.
Climate, on the other hand, refers to the long-term (usually at least 30 years) regional or even a global average of temperature, humidity, and rainfall patterns over seasons, years, or decades.)

Table of Contents

Global warming vs Climate change

Although these expressions are occasionally used interchangeably, they are not the same.

Changes in global weather patterns and growing seasons are referred to as climate change. It also refers to the rise in sea level brought on by melting ice sheets and glaciers and the expansion of warmer oceans.
Climate change brought on by global warming poses a severe threat to life on earth in the form of catastrophic weather events and extensive flooding .

Climate change is a long-term change in the average weather patterns that have come to define Earth’s local, regional and global climates. These changes have a broad range of observed effects that are synonymous with the term.

Human activities, especially the burning of fossil fuels, which raises the concentrations of heat-trapping greenhouse gases in Earth’s atmosphere and thus increases the planet’s average surface temperature, are to blame for the climate changes that have been observed since the middle of the 20th century.

In addition to internal variability (such as cyclical ocean patterns like El Nino, La Nina , and the Pacific Decadal Oscillation ) and external forcings (such as volcanic activity , changes in the Sun’s energy output, and variations in Earth’s orbit), natural processes that have been outweighed by human activities can also contribute to climate change.

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Key indicators of climate change are:

global land and ocean temperature increases
rising sea levels
ice loss at Earth’s poles and in mountain glaciers
frequency and severity changes in extreme weather such as hurricanes, heatwaves , wildfires, droughts, floods, and precipitation
cloud and vegetation cover changes

The gradual increase in the planet’s surface temperature is known as global warming.

Although this warming trend has been around for a while, the burning of fossil fuels has greatly accelerated its pace over the past century. The amount of fossil fuels burned has increased along with the size of the human population.

Burning fossil fuels such as coal, oil, and natural gas results in the “greenhouse effect,” which affects the atmosphere of Earth.

The greenhouse effect is when the Sun’s rays penetrate the atmosphere, but when that heat is reflected off the surface cannot escape back into space.
Gases produced by the burning of fossil fuels prevent the heat from leaving the atmosphere.
These greenhouse gasses are carbon dioxide, chlorofluorocarbons, water vapor, methane, and nitrous oxide.
The excess heat in the atmosphere has caused the average global temperature to rise over time, otherwise known as global warming.

Global warming is one of the causes of climate change.

Also read: State of Global Climate Report 2023

Impact of global warming on global climate

Scientists agree that the earth’s rising temperatures are fueling longer and hotter heat waves, more frequent droughts, heavier rainfall, and more powerful hurricanes.

The impacts of global warming are being felt everywhere.

Extreme heat waves have caused tens of thousands of deaths around the world in recent years.
Antarctica has lost nearly four trillion metric tons of ice since the 1990s.
It is causing the permafrost to thaw in the Arctic region.

The rate of loss could speed up if we keep burning fossil fuels at our current pace, some experts say, causing sea levels to rise several meters in the next 50 to 150 years and wreaking havoc on coastal communities worldwide.

The earth’s ocean temperatures are getting warmer, so tropical storms can pick up more energy.

In other words, global warming can turn a category 3 storm into a more dangerous category 4 storm.

Scientists have found that the frequency of North Atlantic hurricanes has increased since the early 1980s, as has the number of storms that reach categories 4 and 5.

The impact of global warming is also seen in but not limited to:

The risk of wildfires will continue to rise as a result of melting glaciers, early snowmelt, and severe droughts.
Increased coastal flooding will be caused by rising sea levels throughout the coastal regions.
Cities, farms, and forests will see more bothersome pests, heat waves, torrential downpours, and flooding. Agriculture and fisheries may be harmed or destroyed by all of these.
Many plant and animal species may go extinct if environments like coral reefs and alpine meadows are damaged.
Because pollen-producing ragweed is growing more quickly, there is more air pollution, and more people are exposed to these conditions, allergies, asthma attacks, and infectious disease outbreaks will become more frequent.

Even though everyone is impacted by climate change, not everyone is equally impacted. Typically, those who are indigenous, persons of color, or economically marginalized are severely harmed. Even though these same groups have made the least effort to contribute to climate change, they are more exposed to its severe effects due to inequities embedded into our housing, healthcare, and labor systems. This is known as environmental racism .

Global warming contributions by countries

In recent years, China has taken the lead in global-warming pollution, producing about 26 percent of all CO 2 emissions.

The United States comes in second. Despite making up just 4 percent of the world’s population, the nation produces about 13 percent of all global CO 2 emissions which is nearly as much as the European Union and India (third and fourth place) combined.

And America is still number one, by far, in cumulative emissions over the past 150 years. As a top contributor to global warming, the United States must help propel the world to a cleaner, safer, and more equitable future.

Global climate data

Global temperatures rose about 1.8°F (1°C) from 1901 to 2020.
Sea level rise has accelerated from 1.7 mm/year throughout most of the twentieth century to 3.2 mm/year since 1993.
Glaciers are shrinking: the average thickness of 30 well-studied glaciers has decreased by more than 60 feet since 1980.
The area covered by sea ice in the Arctic at the end of summer has shrunk by about 40% since 1979.
The amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere has risen by 25% since 1958, and by about 40% since the Industrial Revolution.
Snow is melting earlier compared to long-term averages.

Way forward

Levels of the two most important anthropogenic greenhouse gases, carbon dioxide, and methane, continued their unrelenting rise in 2020 despite the economic slowdown caused by the coronavirus pandemic response.

Moving away from fossil fuels is the first step in preventing climate change. Renewable energy sources including solar , wind , biomass , and geothermal need to be highlighted.

Producing clean energy is crucial, but it’s as necessary to use more cost-effective technologies to reduce our energy and water usage, such as LED lightbulbs and cutting-edge shower systems.

Promoting carpooling, public transportation, and electric and hydrogen mobility are all effective ways to cut CO2 emissions and combat global warming.

Both the construction of new low-energy buildings and the renovation of existing structures are required to reduce the CO2 emissions from buildings, which are brought on by heating, cooling, hot water, and lighting.

It should also be a primary goal to promote more efficient use of natural resources, halt widespread deforestation, and improve the sustainability and productivity of agriculture .

Developing responsible consumption habits is essential, whether it’s for food (especially meat), apparel, cosmetics, or cleaning supplies. Last but not least, recycling is a crucial component of waste management.

Previous year question

Q. Discuss global warming and mention its effects on global climate. Explain the control measures to bring down the level of greenhouse gases that cause global warming, in the light of the Kyoto Protocol , 1997. (Answer in 250 words) 15 marks (GS Paper 3, 2022)

Read: Climate Resilient Health Systems; Impact of climate change on Indian monsoon;

-Article written by Swathi Satish

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Article Contents

Introduction: extreme 2023 high temperatures, results: 2023 coral bleaching hotspot spatial patterns, results: caribbean bleaching, results: comparison of 2023 pattern with long-term ocean warming and ocean circulation trends, conclusions: large scale ocean circulation change is underway, acknowledgements, author’s contributions.

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2023 Record marine heat waves: coral reef bleaching HotSpot maps reveal global sea surface temperature extremes, coral mortality, and ocean circulation changes

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Thomas J F Goreau, Raymond L Hayes, 2023 Record marine heat waves: coral reef bleaching HotSpot maps reveal global sea surface temperature extremes, coral mortality, and ocean circulation changes, Oxford Open Climate Change , Volume 4, Issue 1, 2024, kgae005, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfclm/kgae005

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Coral reefs, the most sensitive ecosystem to high temperature, are on the precipice of mass extinction from global warming [ 1 , 2 ]. 2023 was the hottest year in recorded history on land and in the sea, with dramatic and unexpected temperature increases [ 3 , 4 ]. Coral Reef Bleaching HotSpot maps provide unique insight into global ocean circulation changes in response to greenhouse gas (GHG) forcing that caused dramatic global temperature rises [ 1 , 2 ]. The highest excess daily air temperatures recorded in 175 countries, as well as the most prolonged excessive sea surface temperatures, were centered around Jamaica. 2023 marked the worst coral reef bleaching yet in the Northern Hemisphere, with the Southern Hemisphere poised to follow in early 2024. The HotSpot maps strongly suggest accelerated ocean poleward heat transport, slowdown in upwelling, and decreased deep water formation linked to sharply increased 2023 anomalous sea surface and air temperatures. The 2023 distribution of severe heat and bleaching follows both spatial patterns and temporal trends first shown from a baseline 1982–2001 global SST trend analysis [ 5 ]. Increased warming of both hot and cold ocean currents shows that horizontal mixing of tropical heat to the poles is accelerating, and that vertical mixing with cold deep water is slowing down, leading to increased ocean stratification, which will cause sea temperature to increase more rapidly and CO 2 mixing with the deep ocean to decrease.

2023, an El Niño year [ 6 ], was the hottest year in recorded Earth history [ 3 , 4 ] ( Fig. 1 ). Jamaica had the highest increase of air temperatures out of 175 countries measured in 2023 [ 7 ]. We show here that Jamaica was also in the center of the highest excess sea surface temperatures (SSTs) in coral reef regions in the world during 2023, which resulted in the worst high temperature reef bleaching and coral mortality ever seen across the entire Caribbean Region since the first mass bleaching event in 1987 [ 8 ].

Global sea surface temperatures since 1979 show that 2023 represents a quantum jump. 2023 confirmed as world’s hottest year on record [ 9 ]. Figure from BBC.

Severe bleaching and mortality also happened in Kiribati, Fiji, Papua New Guinea, and other places. As 2024 starts, the El Niño that began in mid-2023 will affect the southern hemisphere. During the first weeks of 2024, New Guinea, Solomon Islands, and the Great Barrier Reef reached bleaching threshold temperatures, and are expected to rise as the El Niño intensifies during the Southern Hemisphere summer bleaching season, and may also affect Tuvalu, Vanuatu, Fiji, Samoa, and Tonga.

Satellite sensors only measure the ocean surface skin millimeters thick, not what happens deeper in the water column. The present oceanographic database is insufficiently dense in space and time to determine if global ocean circulation is changing, and will take several decades to tell, but could be determined sooner with greatly increased expenditure using remotely operated oceanographic instrumentation [ 6 ].

Here we examine the spatial patterns and temporal trends of excessive SST Coral Reef Bleaching HotSpot heat waves during 2023 in light of long-term changes in order to gain insight into changes in general ocean circulation and heat transport not easily shown by other methods.

The 2023 global patterns of maximum Coral Reef Bleaching HotSpot values are shown in Fig. 2 and their durations in Fig. 3 . We define HotSpots as surface waters with excess temperature more than one degree C above the average temperature during the warmest month at that site as a predictor of coral reef bleaching [ 1–2 , 10–17 ].

2023 Maximum Coral Reef Bleaching HotSpot Map. Figure from NOAA.

2023 Maximum coral reef bleaching degree heating weeks map. Figure from NOAA.

The Coral Reef Bleaching HotSpot is also a general indicator of extreme heat waves in all parts of the surface ocean, with biological stress proportional to the product of excess temperature times its duration [ 18–21 ]. HotSpot intensity and duration (degree heating weeks above the temperature threshold, DHW) allows mapping areas warming most rapidly and identifying changes in ocean current heat transport.

Areas of high 2023 coral reef bleaching mortality, shown in white circles and ovals ( Fig. 4 ), represent coral reefs that underwent high cumulative heat stress. These included the entire Caribbean region, the east and west coasts of Mexico and Central America, Kiribati, Fiji, and Eastern New Guinea, which are reported by local observers to have near total bleaching and severe coral mortality (and probably Hainan, China, which could not be confirmed). More places were affected than were reported, but most tourism dive operations no longer report bleaching because it is “bad for business”. Comprehensive mapping of bleaching is impossible because no international scientific bleaching monitoring network has been established in developing countries, despite urgent pleas from Caribbean coral scientists after the first high temperature bleaching events in the 1980s [ 10 , 11 , 22 ].

Areas of high bleaching and mortality in 2023.

The entire Caribbean region, both islands and continental coasts, was affected by severe excess temperature ( Fig. 5 ), with the longest duration of abnormal heating in the Haiti-Jamaica-Nicaragua-Honduras-Costa Rica area ( Fig. 6 ), along with the west coasts of Mexico and Central America. Severe bleaching began in Florida and moved steadily southward across the region, ending in the southern Caribbean. The authors have seen every bleaching event in the Caribbean, and the mortality is the worst yet seen in the Caribbean region, even though each time there are fewer living corals left to bleach.

2023 Caribbean maximum HotSpot excess temperature levels. Figure from NOAA.

2023 Caribbean Maximum DHW map, the product of excess temperature and duration. The entire region was severely affected by coral reef bleaching, with the longest duration of excessively high temperatures around Jamaica, stretching to Nicaragua in the west and Haiti in the east. Figure from NOAA.

In Jamaica almost all hard corals bleached completely and many died, while bleaching of soft corals and anemones was much less, with little mortality. Coral fragmentation nurseries costing millions of dollars are reported to have lost all their corals, even those removed from the ocean to indoor refrigerated aquariums in Florida. Some surviving Acropora palmata and Acropora cervicornis have been found, but these are widely separated by about a kilometer [ 23 ] and are all colonies that are too small to reproduce and invest energy in reproductive organ growth, generally found in marginal habitats with high turbidity or shaded under larger corals [ 24 ].

At this time, it is still too soon to know how many bleached corals will recover or will die from heat stroke stress. Some are regaining their color, but others will fail to recover, or will be killed by disease, pollution, algae overgrowth, or grazing by snails and polychaete bristleworms. Even though some corals may regain their colors, they will stop depositing a skeleton and reproducing for around a year [ 25 ]. Intensive efforts are underway in Jamaica and other places to find surviving Acroporas and to culture fragments in nurseries in Marine Protected Areas [ 23 ].

Satellite sea surface temperatures (SST) are based on infrared emission from the top millimeters of the sea surface. Changes in sea surface temperature result from alterations in (i) heat transport from the atmosphere due to modified winds and waves, (ii) horizontal transport in surface ocean currents, and (iii) vertical transport due to mixing of surface and deep water [ 6 ]. Although SST measurements provide instantaneous images only of two-dimensional surface heat distribution, regional changes in SST can provide insight into shifts in global heat circulation patterns. In the case of possible changes in vertical heat exchange, they provide unique insights that cannot be obtained from subsurface oceanographic measurements ( Fig. 7 ), which are too sparse in time and space to document large-scale or long-term changes adequately.

The major warm currents are shown as white arrows and cold currents as black arrows. All major surface currents and upwelling zones are warming up more rapidly than average, showing strong HotSpots during 2023.

All major warm currents show extreme warming during 2023, suggesting that heat transport from the tropics to the polar regions has accelerated, causing the most extreme HotSpots of all to be in the axis of the Kuro Shio and Gulf Stream currents. Increasing equatorial to polar heat transport is keeping the tropics relatively cool, making the heating greatest in subpolar oceans, acting as positive feedbacks that accelerate polar ice melting, albedo feedbacks, and increasing ocean stratification, all major global warming feedbacks that have been underestimated and are inadequately modelled in IPCC climate change projections.

All major cold currents also show extreme warming during 2023, suggesting strongly that heat transport in the cold current regions is slowing down, causing decreased upwelling and vertical mixing, and increasing vertical stratification.

The large-scale global patterns seen in all warm and cold currents almost perfectly match the spatial pattern of trends in global sea surface temperatures between 1983 and 2001 [ 5 ] ( Fig. 8 ). 2023 marks a strong continuation of the spatial patterns in global warming noted since the start of the NOAA Satellite SST database. The main areas warming more slowly than average are seen to be largely confined to the interiors of the large ocean basins, the deserts of the oceans, which are downwelling gyres, and the regions of most intense upwelling, waves, and currents in the South East Pacific portion of the Circum-Antarctic Current.

Average rate of NOAA Satellite Sea Surface Temperature warming, 1983–2001, with long-term hot spots (red dots), from Goreau, Hayes, and McAllister, 2005 [ 5 ]. Note higher than average warming (yellow) in all hot and cold ocean currents, and lowest rate of warming (pale) in the mid-ocean gyres and around Antarctica. The 2023 Hot Spot anomaly continues and intensifies these trends, which have now continued for over the last 40 years.

These major spatial patterns and temporal trends have been surprisingly stable over the last four decades. The main exception seen in 2023 is in the diagonal band of very hot water southeast from Fiji to Chile, an area that has been anomalously warm for a few years. 2023, therefore, does not mark an anomaly, but is the continuation of a trend that is at least 4 decades old, the entire period during which global satellite-measured sea surface temperature data have been collected.

Coral reef bleaching mortality has greatly accelerated since the first mass bleaching events in the 1980s, indicating that we are on the precipice of a coral reef mass extinction event caused by extreme temperatures [ 26 ]. Coral Reef Bleaching HotSpot data from 2023 imply significant changes in global ocean circulation and climate change outside of tropical coral reef regions, especially in flow of heat from the equator to the poles. This is not easily determined from oceanographic data, and changing ocean circulation is not considered in IPCC model projections.

Due to failure in the 1980s to set up coral reef bleaching monitoring in developing countries where almost all coral reefs are found, there are almost no data available to estimate coral bleaching mortality or economic impact by comparing before and after monitoring, except for a handful of very rich and unrepresentative countries [ 27 ]. This is a classic example of environmental insensitivity and inequity, because those who most need the information for their economic benefit, fisheries, protection, and climate change adaptation have been systematically denied funding to develop monitoring. Most local coral health monitoring programs in developing countries collapsed during the Covid-19 pandemic.

Coral Reef Bleaching Satellite Sea Surface Temperature HotSpot analysis in the record hot year of 2023 explains the global distribution of coral reef bleaching, and reveals dramatic increases in heat transport by the Gulf Stream and Kuro Shio, increasing ocean vertical stratification, while decreasing atmosphere horizontal equator to pole gradients. This tends to weaken the global Hadley Atmospheric Circulation of heat via atmospheric winds from equator to poles, and makes the Jet Stream more variable, leading to increased weather variability and extreme climatic fluctuations.

Decreased vertical exchange in cold surface currents and in upwelling zones increases thermal stratification and slows down the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC), retains heat longer in the surface ocean, and reduces CO 2 exchange among the atmosphere, surface ocean, and the deep sea. The HotSpot maps from year to year suggest that upwelling systems can abruptly shut off, causing sudden sharp rises in regional air temperatures, and reducing air-ocean exchange of temperature and CO 2 . Decreased upwelling is causing bottom-up collapse of fisheries in all of the world’s most important upwelling zones, while overfishing is simultaneously causing their top-down collapse. This strongly suggests that most major currents are changing, and some could collapse entirely, which might add to potential collapse of the global AMOC deep water circulation [ 28 ] causing longer residence times for deep ocean water, greater heat accumulation at the surface [ 29 ], and lower ocean upwelling, primary production and fisheries catches.

We thank Felix Charnley for personal communications, and the anonymous reviewers for helpful suggestions. The authors declare they have no competing interests as they have never profited from, been paid for, or been funded for their coral bleaching work.

Thomas Goreau (Conceptualization [equal], Data curation [equal], Formal analysis [equal], Investigation [equal], Methodology [equal], Visualization [equal], Writing—original draft [equal], Writing—review & editing [equal])

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