research topics in educational administration and supervision

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Educational Administration and Supervision

Research papers/topics in educational administration and supervision, the effect of headteachers’ instructional supervision skills on performance of teachers in public primary schools of makindye division, kampala.

Abstract This study determined the effect of head teachers’ instructional supervision skills on the performance of teachers in public primary schools in Makindye division, Kampala. The research answered the following questions: what is the effect of the levels of head teachers’ instructional supervision skills on the performance of teachers in public primary schools in Makindye division? to what extent have the teachers fulfilled their pedagogical responsibilities in public primary schoo...

Motivation and Teacher Absenteeism in Selected Public and Private Secondary Schools in Kyenjojo District Uganda

ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between teacher motivation and teacher absenteeism in selected public and private secondary schools. In gathering information, the research study employed both primary and secondary sources. The study was guided by the following objectives; To determine the demographic characteristics of teachers as to age, gender, education qualifications and teaching experience. To determine the level of teacher’s motivation in selected se...

The Effect of Headteachers Instructional Supervision Skills on Performance of Teachers in Public Primary Schools of Makindye Division, Kampala

Abstract  This study determined the effect of head teachers' instructional supervision skills on the performance of teachers in public primary schools in Makindye division, Kampala. The research answered the following questions: what is the effect of the levels of head teachers' instructional supervision skills on the performance of teachers in public primary schools in Makindye division? to what extent have the teachers fulfilled their pedagogical responsibilities in public primary schools ...

Implementation of Information Technology Policy and Students’ Computer Competency in Selected Government Secondary Schools in Gaya Zone-Kano State, Nigeria

ABSTRACT The study investigated the level of Implementation of Information Technology Policy and Students’ Computer Competency in selected Government secondary schools in Gaya Zone-Kano State, Nigeria. The study was guided by the three objectives: to determine the level of Implementation of IT Policy, to assess students’ computer competency and to establish the relationship between the implementation of IT Policy and Students’ Computer Competency. This study adopted mixed approaches, co...

Status of Inclusive Education at Kigali Institute of Education.

ABSTRACT This study was carried out to assess the status of inclusive education at Kigali Institute of Education. It was guided by the following research questions: What is the profile of the respondents? What are the resources available in inclusive education? What are the obstacles to students with disabilities in inclusive education? And what is the level of satisfaction of the students with disabilities in inclusive education? A cross-sectional research design was used in this study apply...

Resources Availability and Utilization in Selected Primary Schools in Nairobi East District, Kenya

ABSTRACT The study delved on the relationship between resource availability and utilization in selected public primary schools in Nairobi East District. Using a retrospective I ex-post facto descriptive survey design, data was collected from 187 teaching staffs from the primary school under study. The approximation of the study sample was determined through purposive and simple random sampling. The respondents were chosen based on the criteria that they were teaching staff, they were either ...

Rewards and Teachers’ Performance Among Secondary School of Baringo District, Kenya

ABSTRACT The study was set to establish the effects of rewards on the performance of teachers in Baringo district secondary schools. The study was prompted by the declining performance in KCSE of most secondary schools in the district (67%) particularly in the last three years (2007-2009). The study examined the types of rewards given to teachers by schools in Baringo district, teachers’ perception on the effect of school rewards on their motivational levels and the effects of rewards on pe...

Career Plateauing And Its Relationship With Turnover Intentions And Pursuit Of Postgraduate Studies Among Teachers In Nyandarua And Murang’a Counties, Kenya

Teachers in Kenya exhibit signs of career plateauing, and are registering for postgraduate courses in large numbers. This study investigated whether teachers‟ pursuit of post-graduate studies is a result of career plateauing, and whether this is associated with intentions to quit the teaching profession. The purpose of the study was to determine  whether career plateauing relates with turnover intentions and teachers‟ decisions to pursue post-graduate studies. The objectives of the stud...

Role Of Students’ Councils In Enhancing Discipline In Public Secondary Schools In Likoni Sub-County Mombasa County Kenya

ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to assess the role of students‟ councils in enhancing discipline in public secondary schools in Likoni Sub-county in Mombasa County. The study was guided by the following objectives: to establish the criteria of selection of students leaders in enhancing the implementation of discipline, to determine the effectiveness of students‟ council in enhancing discipline; to examine the challenges experienced by students‟ councils in public secondary schoo...

Influence Of Headteachers' Leadership Styles On Students' KCSE Performance In Public Secondary Schools: Maragua District, Kenya

ABSTRACT The kind of leadership exhibited by a leader will greatly determine the level of performance of an organization. No institution can grow beyond the capacity of the human rci0t1rces. From the school perspective, Headteacher plays a key role in achievement of educational goals and objectives. The quality of the school largely depends on the leadership of the headteacher. Performance is determined by other parameters that are most closely interwoven but it is within the role of the Hea...

Influence Of Selected Factors On Pupils' Access To Primary Education In Masbmba Division, Kisii County, Kenya.

One of the Millennium Development Goals (MDG) of education is to ensure that by the year 2015, children everywhere that is boys and girls alike, will be able to complete their primary education. However, with an estimated net primary school enrollment rate (NER) of 92.5%, completion rate of 79.5% and drop-out rate of 3.5%, Kenya has not yet achieved full access to Universal Primary Education (UPE) for school going-age children. This study sought to establish the influence of pupils' pare...

INTEGRATING INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY IN PUBLIC SECONDARY SCHOOL ADMINSTRATION IN KIBWEZI SUB – COUNTY, MAKUENI COUNTY, KENYA

ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to assess integrating ICT in public secondary school administration in Kibwezi Sub County of Makueni County. The study was guided by the following objectives: to assess the state of ICT infrastructure in public secondary school administration in Kibwezi sub county, to determine the level of ICT integration in Public secondary school administration in Kibwezi Sub county, to assess the influence of ICT infrastructure on ICT Integration in secondary schools...

Factors Influencing Teachers’ Involvement In Cocurricular Activities In Public Secondary Schools In Matungulu Sub-County, Machakos County, Kenya.

ABSTRACT Education should ensure the development of an all-around person. Co-curricular activities are a very important and essential part of education. It prepares learners to be holistic. The purpose of this study was to investigate the factors influencing teachers‟ involvement in co-curricular activities in public secondary school in Matungulu sub-county, Machakos County, Kenya. The study focused on the following objectives: to investigate the influence of motivation, workload, level of ...

Key Factors Influencing Teacher Absenteeism In Public Secondary Schools In Nzaui Sub County Makueni County

ABSTRACT Teacher absenteeism is a major problem facing many educational institutions in Kenya today. The Teachers Service Commission (TSC) on teachers committing offences of chronic absenteeism and duty desertion evidences this by among others the increasing disciplinary cases. Data from various school Principals, Head teachers and Education Officers has implicated teachers for coming to school late, leaving early from school, teachers being in school and not attending to their lessons and te...

Determinants Of Implementation Of Re-Admission Policy Of Girls’ After Teenage Pregnancy In Public Secondary Schools In Kitui County, Kenya

ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to investigate the determinants of the implementation of re-admission policy of girls after teenage pregnancy in public secondary schools in Kitui County, Kenya. The objectives for the study were; to analyze the influence of home based determinants, school based determinants and the influence of principals’ characteristics on implementation of re-admission policy of girls after teenage pregnancy. The study was based on the critical theory by the Frankf...

Projects, thesis, seminars, research papers, termpapers topics in Eduactional Administration & supervision. Educational administration & supervision projects, thesis, seminars and termpapers topic and materials

Popular Papers/Topics

The impact of effective planning on teaching and learning process, task areas of educational management, the concepts of education planning and supervision, the role of the teacher in classroom management (a study of rimi college, kaduna), the role of test and assignment in enhancing students’ performance in selected secondary schools in the federal capital territory, (fct) abuja., the impact of guidance and counselling services in some selected secondary schools in doka area, the use of audio-visual technology in school libraries and student’s academic performance: a case study of international early learning center/dorothy, teachers’ strategies for changing undesirable classroom behaviour in secondary school in enugu north local government area of enugu state., impact of resource adequacy and utilization on students' academic performance, instructional problems associated with the poor performance in school certificate english language by students in enugu north local government area, an assessment of leadership strategies on organizational performance (a case study of jamb, kaduna annex), the standard of primary education and its effect on educational development, assessment of almajiri system of education - it’s implication for child, family and national development in zaria local government area of kaduna state, averting the obstacles to national development through education, factors responsible for poor nursery/primary education in nigeria.

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Educational Administration, Leadership, and Research Theses

Theses and specialist projects from 2023 2023.

The Role of Leaders in Implementing Effective Leadership Strategies Towards the Educational Barriers of US-based Refugee Students: A Qualitative Case Study of Congolese Refugee Students , Faustin Busane

Using Improvement Science to Address Early Elementary Teacher Efficacy and Competency When Addressing Trauma-Induced Behavior , Laura Hayes

Internationalization of Higher Education: Leadership Roles and Challenges Senior International Officers Face in Their Efforts to Internationalize Regional Comprehensive Universities in the United States , Ibrahima Yaro

Theses and Specialist projects from 2022 2022

Anxiety Patterns in Gifted Adolescents from Parents' Perspectives , Felicia Moreschi

The Impact of Teacher Perception of Gifted Individuals on the Instruction of Gifted Students , Justin Moreschi

Theses and Specialist projects from 2010 2010

Characteristics of Local Dual Credit Programs That Promote Sustained Enrollment and High School Achievement , Karl William Olive

Theses and Specialist projects from 2009 2009

How Do Teachers Learn New Skills for Reading Instruction and Transfer Their Learning into the Classroom? , Patricia Ann Sharp

Theses and Specialist projects from 2008 2008

Principals and Teacher Leaders Co-Constructing Theories in Practice: Empowerment and Accountability Exchanged Through School Leadership , Janet Hurt

Theses and Specialist projects from 2007 2007

The Long-Term Effects of a Preschool Program , Kerry Holloman

Theses and Specialist projects from 2005 2005

The Residual Effect of Novice Primary Teachers on Reading Achievement Scores , Connie Mayo

Principal and Teacher Flow of Influence in High-Achieving, High Poverty Schools , Lisa Murley

Reading Achievement: The Impact of America's Choice in Kentucky's Schools , Brent VanMeter

Theses and Specialist projects from 1999 1999

A Comparison of the Transition of Special Needs Students to Regular Education Students , Anita Burnette

Theses and Specialist projects from 1998 1998

Assessment of the Academic Needs of Students Enrolled by the Bowling Green Community College & the Development of a Learning Assistance Model Which Will Maximize Their Probability of Success , Elizabeth Riggs

Theses and Specialist projects from 1996 1996

Assessing Variables Related to Participant Knowledge Retention at General Project Management Training for New Trio Personnel , Charlene Manco

Assessing the Persistence to Graduation of Students Joining Fraternities at Western Kentucky University , Charles Pride

Theses and Specialist projects from 1994 1994

A Comparison of the Tests of Adult Basic Education and the Health Occupations Basic Entrance Test in Predicting Academic Success in Practical Nursing Programs , Sally Crenshaw

Assessing the Efficacy of the Training Opportunities Program for Undiscovered Potential (TOP UP) Dropout Prevention Program at Western Kentucky University for At-Risk High School Students , Kaye Foust

Theses and Specialist projects from 1993 1993

Attendance at a University Residential Summer Camp & Students’ Subsequent Enrollment at that University , Mae Guinn

Theses and Specialist projects from 1992 1992

A Study of an Academic Enrichment Program at Western Kentucky University , Huda Melky

Effect of a Summer Camp on the Self-Concept & Wilderness Anxiety of Fifth & Sixth Grade Campers , Mazen Melky

The Relationship Between Meaning in Life & the Occurrence of Drug Abuse: An Epidemiological Retrospective Study , Thomas Nicholson

Teacher Influence in Site-Based Decision Making: A Descriptive Study , Keith Restine

Theses and Specialist projects from 1991 1991

An Analysis of Kentucky’s Principals: Perceptions and Preparedness to Assume the Role of School Based Management , Byron D. Jeffries

Theses and Specialist projects from 1990 1990

Public Relations: Its Importance in the Public School System , Lawrence Crittenden Hunter

A Comparison of the Frequencies of Selected Teaching Behaviors of Trained and Untrained Teachers , Raymonde Antonia Frances Joseph

Stress Indicators of Kentucky Elementary Principals , Helen Kirby

Site-Based Management, Knowledge Base of Kentucky Superintendents , Alan Reed

An Analysis of Attitudes of Administrators Towards Higher-Level Thinking Skills , Janet Zipprich

Theses and Specialist projects from 1989 1989

Peer Coaching & Change Implementation , Jolene Black

Premenstrual Syndrome-Related Personality & Cognitive Processing Alterations as Indicated by the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator , Linda Scariot

An Analysis of Selected Demographic Variables Concerning Kentucky School Supervisors , Margaret Sims

An Analysis of Administrative Computer Use by Secondary Principals in Kentucky , Darrell Witten

Using Collegial Leadership in a Design to Improve Instruction: The Curriculum & Instructional Leader Program , Cora Wood

Theses and Specialist projects from 1988 1988

Special Ideas , Marlene Ashby

Management Guide for Early Childhood Programs , Cathy S. Jording

A Survey of Factors Affecting Enrollment in Mathematics Teacher Education Programs , Rebecca Miller

Theses and Specialist projects from 1987 1987

Comparative Instructor Attitudes Toward College Level English and Mathematics Experiences for Gifted High School Students , Bruce Vickers

A Study of the Educational Needs of Business & Industrial Employees & a Proposed Industrial Education Degree , Palisa Williams

Theses and Specialist projects from 1985 1985

Factors Affecting Successful Use of Amplification in the Elderly Population , Joseph Etienne

The Effects of Various Kinds of Background Music on the I.Q. Scores of Ninth-Grade Students , L.C. Bud Johnston

Impact of the Educational & Life Planning Course on Undecided Students: An Evaluation Model , Diana Shores

Theses and Specialist projects from 1983 1983

An Evaluation of the Guidance & Counseling Program of the Bishop David Memorial High School , Richard Staples

Theses and Specialist projects from 1982 1982

The Development & Study of a Competency-Based Vocational Education Drafting Program , Kenneth Mussnug

Theses and Specialist projects from 1981 1981

A Model for Use in Planning an In-Service Training Program at Naval Air Technical Training Center, Lakehurst, New Jersey , Martha Gantt

The Effect of Summer Recess on the Reading Achievement of Title I Students at L.C. Curry School, Bowling Green, Kentucky , Virginia Scheider

A Survey to Assess the Awareness of the Bowling Green Community in Regard to the International Student Community at Western Kentucky University , Susan Tesseneer

A Study of the Holding Power and Follow-Up of North Bullitt High School Students (Classes of 1978, 1979 and 1980) , Robert Wagoner

Theses and Specialist projects from 1980 1980

A Study of Grade Retention & Social Promotion in the McLean County, Kentucky School District , John Settle Jr.

A Descriptive Study of the Problems Reported by Selected Students on Academic Probation at Western Kentucky University , James Somers Jr.

A Comparison of the Admission Criteria of Kentucky's Junior Colleges , Janet Walters

A Study of Factors Related to Low General Technical Scores on the Armed Services Vocational Aptitude Battery as Identified by Members of the Second Squadron, Seventeenth Cavalry, Fort Campbell, Kentucky , David Yates

Theses and Specialist projects from 1979 1979

A Comparison of Traditional Grass-Twist Backstops to One of Corrugated Cardboard Design Use on Indoor Ranges , Charles T. Crume Jr.

The Relationship of Sex-role Classifications, Measured Vocational Interests and Expressed Vocational Interests of Selected College Women , SallyAnn McLeod Koenig

A Comparison of Role Performance & Role Expectation of Supervisors in Selected Public School Districts in Kentucky , Mae Mefford

Alienation and the Associate Degree Student within the College of Business and Public Affairs of Western Kentucky University , Leonard Schira

Theses and Specialist projects from 1978 1978

The Perceived Role of the University Residence Hall Director , Jan Akers

A Survey of the Work-Study Programs in the State Universities of Kentucky , Glen Knight

A Comparative Study of the Expenditures of the Robertson County, Tennessee, Pupil Transportation System , James Talley Sr.

Theses and Specialist projects from 1977 1977

ocial Factors & Perceived Problems as Predictions of Success in Basic Combat Training , James Georgoulakis

Theses and Specialist projects from 1975 1975

A Descriptive Study of Ninth Grade Reading Programs in Schools of the Second Education District of Kentucky , Eloyse Jean Groves

Theses and Specialist projects from 1974 1974

A Position Paper of Environmental Education for Nelson County , Geneva B. Hunt

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Home > JES

Welcome to The Journal of Educational Supervision

The Journal of Educational Supervision (JES) publishes peer-reviewed articles related to the field of supervisory practices in education. Through a double-blind peer-reviewed process, JES offers a wide range of opportunities for academics and practitioners to add to the literature on supervision that addresses the nexus of theory and practice. JES currently averages a 35% acceptance rate.

The University of Maine College of Education and Human Development sponsors this journal in an effort to preserve and promote the formative feedback practices that inform preparation and practices of educators in supervision. The Journal of Educational Supervision (JES) would also like to acknowledge and thank the Council of Professors of Instructional Supervision, as well as the American Educational Research Association Supervision and Instructional Leadership SIG, for their respective financial donation in support of costs associated with starting JES.

Current Issue: Volume 7, Issue 1 (2024)

Addressing equity.

Teacher Candidate Supervision for Social Justice: Orientations, Practices, and Challenges Andrew E. Hood

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ISSN: 2694-457X

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Educational Administration: Theory, Research, and Practice

Journal of Educational Administration

ISSN : 0957-8234

Article publication date: 1 February 2008

Goldwyn, S. (2008), "Educational Administration: Theory, Research, and Practice", Journal of Educational Administration , Vol. 46 No. 1, pp. 123-127. https://doi.org/10.1108/09578230810849862

Emerald Group Publishing Limited

Copyright © 2008, Emerald Group Publishing Limited

With current changes in local, state, and federal policies focusing on the relationship between educational leadership and student achievement, it is no surprise that understanding what is being taught in principal preparation and other educational leadership programs has come under scrutiny. The ever‐changing role and increased pressures placed upon principals has made it imperative that these preparation programs use materials that prepare today's school leaders to meet the new challenges they must face. The book Educational Administration: Theory, Research, and Practice by Wayne K. Hoy and Cecil G. Miskel, serves as a great overview into this changing world of educational leadership. The text, in its eighth edition, takes a conceptual overview that administrators can apply to the field despite numerous ongoing policy changes. Meanwhile revising this particular edition by including new knowledge, a new topic on instructional decision‐making, the inclusion of case studies and highlights at the end of each chapter allows this book to be innovative and updated.

The text looks at a number of different issues directly relevant to school leadership and frames each of these topics within three critical elements of educational science: the role that theory serves in the field, how this theory relates to and guides research, and the complex relationship between these two facets and practice itself. The text focuses on three underlying assumptions about the field of educational administration: first, there is a fair amount of knowledge about educational administration as an organization that is neglected by those in the field; second, that schools should be viewed as open systems to best organize and apply the theory and research relative to schools; and third, that using sound theory and research guides strong administrative practice. These three assumptions present an overview of the elements of educational leadership that allow for effective management, problem‐solving, and decision making.

Each of the chapters tackles a specific concept relative to schools. The authors present both a theoretical and conceptual framework of that particular topic and provide relevant research examples. Each chapter concludes with a case study specifically related to educational leadership, complete with questions to guide your thinking. The overall driving theme of the book focuses on the integration and application of theory‐driven research into practice. Hoy and Miskel (2008) present the chapters in a manner that models this association, focusing on theory and research, and then makes the connection to practice through the use of case studies.

The first chapter, “The school as a social system”, focuses on the school as an organization. It looks at the history of organizational theory, focusing on the social groups within an organization, by looking at three organizational systems perspectives: rational systems, natural systems, and open systems. Hoy and Miskel (2008) view schools as open systems throughout the text, defining open systems as systems that lend itself to the inclusion of elements of both natural and rational features, and that in open systems, organizational behaviors are a combination of the structure of the organization and the individual needs of its members.

Additionally, in this chapter Hoy and Miskel (2008) transition to the premise of the book: looking at the school as a formal organization through a social system model. A social system is (p. 22) “characterized by an interdependence of parts, a clearly defined population, differentiation from its environment, a complex network of social relationships, and its own unique culture”. Hoy and Miskel (2008) highlight the key elements of social systems, including that they are peopled, political, structural, and sanction‐bearing. Of these principles, Hoy and Miskel (2008) identify structure, individual needs, politics, the technical core of teaching and learning, outcomes, and the internal and external feedback loops as the most important elements of the school as a social system. Setting up this background provides the reader with a rationale for the subsequent chapters in this book.

The next chapter, “The technical core”, focuses on the teaching and learning process. According to Hoy and Miskel (2008) , the technical core is the function of organizational actions that produce the outcomes. For example, teaching is the action used to produce learning. This chapter addresses both theoretical perspectives as well as teaching techniques of the behaviorist approach, cognitive approach and constructivist approach.

In chapter three, “Structure in schools”, the authors focus on the patterns of structure that are applied to schools. The authors look at bureaucratic patterns on schools, recognizing that the different elements of a bureaucracy are present in schools. However, the authors speculate that these models neglect important features that are critical to schools as an organization. Instead, Hoy and Miskel (2008) assert that schools are a combination of bureaucratic and professional patterns. They further dichotomize these patterns, claiming that through the various combinations of these patterns four types of schools will emerge: Weberian, authoritarian, professional, and chaotic. The authors make an excellent point in examining how schools fluctuate between these school types, claiming that ideally schools should fall in the professional structures, but likely they will fluctuate between chaotic and authoritarian. This chapter also deals with how structures create schools that are enabling or hindering as organizations. Finally, this chapter looks at Mintzberg's perspectives on structure and how these are applied to schools.

Chapters four and five both focus on the human aspect of the organization of schools. Chapter four, “Individuals in schools” looks at those individuals who are members of the school team, as well as how their individual needs motivate and affect their behavior. Drawing on theoretical perspectives from Maslow and Herzberg and other theories relative to motivation, Hoy and Miskel (2008) discuss the various physiological and emotional needs that the drive the constituents' beliefs about causality, outcomes, efficacy, capability, and goal setting. Additionally, this chapter touches on how these different needs, beliefs, and goals impact intrinsic and extrinsic motivation. Chapter five, “Culture and climate in schools”, expands on this idea of individual needs. This chapter asserts that there is a reciprocal relationship between individual needs and organizational culture. The authors define organizational culture as a combination of shared norms, shared beliefs and values, tacit assumptions, and address the different cultures that are present in schools, including cultures of efficacy, collegial trust, and academic optimism.

Hoy and Miskel would be remiss to overlook the authority and politics present in schools. They address this facet of schools in their chapter “Power and politics in schools”. This chapter focuses not only on the different forms of authority in schools, but additionally looks at administrative behaviors in schools. Perhaps this is one of the most important chapters in the text, as it draws on information from both the different types of authority that administrators can assume (charismatic, traditional, legal, formal, functional, or informal) as well as subordinate responses to these forms of power. Hoy and Miskel touch on the need for balance by administrators, both in the triangulation of authority, ideology and expertise, as well as the balance between politics and power. Finally, this chapter touches on the interaction between conflict management styles and problem solving among organizational culture.

Chapter seven fits nicely with the discussion of internal and external coalitions in the previous chapter. “External environments of schools” addresses the impact of environmental influences on the culture and behaviors of the school. Viewing schools as an open system, Hoy and Miskel put forward that schools are highly dependent on their external environment. Hoy and Miskel (2008) present three theoretical perspectives on the interaction with the environment: information theory, resource‐dependence theory, and institutional theory. Each of these theories is highly relevant to schools, as different schools will be dealing with their environments in a number of different ways. The focus in addressing these theories appears to be talking about ways that the administrator can minimize the impact that these relationships with external environments for minimal impact on organizational autonomy and effectiveness.

“School effectiveness, accountability, and improvement” deals with a topic that is critical to the success of schools: school reform. This chapter focuses primarily on school effectiveness as it is measured by accountability systems. It touches on standards based assessments, professional development surrounding these procedures, and comprehensive, systemic reform. Though this chapter takes a theoretical approach to understanding this prominent aspect of educational administration as opposed to a practical approach, it addresses content that is critical to the success of administrators.

“Decision making in schools” and “Shared decision making: empowering teachers” again are two chapters that go well together. Collectively, these two chapters address the patterns of decision making that leaders, both formal and informal, engage in schools. It speaks to the integration between values, culture, and beliefs and the decision‐making procedures. Additionally, there is a discussion of moving into the shared decision making process by including teachers and other informal leaders into this process. Again taking a theoretical approach as opposed to a practical one, these two chapters focus heavily on the relationship between decision‐making processes and the school as an organization as a whole.

“Communication in schools”, focuses primarily on communication networks that emerge naturally and prescriptively in schools. It is an extremely important chapter, dealing with the different communication techniques that have been successful and the importance of proper communication. Not only focusing on communication within the organization, this chapter also addresses communication with external influences on the organization.

The final chapters, “Leadership in schools” and “One last time: a review of the school as a social system” essentially serve as a culmination of the previously discussed topics. They focus on the role of the educational leader within the school using a social systems perspective. They also address what different things influence the educational leader, and important considerations that the educational leader must address.

Though the book is set up in such a way to include research and practice, this is primarily a theory‐based text. Despite this theory‐driven approach, the authors do a nice job of giving a comprehensive overview of the school as an organization. The inclusion of widely accepted theory equips those interested in educational leadership with both traditional and innovative perspectives necessary for a widespread understanding of the role of the administrator in schools. This book is most suitable for researchers, professors of educational leadership, and students in the field. The authors rely heavily on theory‐based research, and take a somewhat basic approach to ensure thorough understanding of concepts. This book provides an overview of a number of important topics relative to school administration/leadership making Educational Administration: Theory, Research, and Practice a book that ought to be a compulsory addition to any leadership preparation program.

Hoy , W.K. and Miskel , C.G. ( 2008 ), Educational Administration: Theory, Research, and Practice , McGraw Hill Higher Education , Boston, MA .

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Research Topics & Ideas: Education

170+ Research Ideas To Fast-Track Your Project

If you’re just starting out exploring education-related topics for your dissertation, thesis or research project, you’ve come to the right place. In this post, we’ll help kickstart your research topic ideation process by providing a hearty list of research topics and ideas , including examples from actual dissertations and theses..

PS – This is just the start…

We know it’s exciting to run through a list of research topics, but please keep in mind that this list is just a starting point . To develop a suitable education-related research topic, you’ll need to identify a clear and convincing research gap , and a viable plan of action to fill that gap.

If this sounds foreign to you, check out our free research topic webinar that explores how to find and refine a high-quality research topic, from scratch. Alternatively, if you’d like hands-on help, consider our 1-on-1 coaching service .

Overview: Education Research Topics

• How to find a research topic (video)
• List of 50+ education-related research topics/ideas
• List of 120+ level-specific research topics 
• Examples of actual dissertation topics in education
• Tips to fast-track your topic ideation (video)
• Free Webinar : Topic Ideation 101
• Where to get extra help

Education-Related Research Topics & Ideas

Below you’ll find a list of education-related research topics and idea kickstarters. These are fairly broad and flexible to various contexts, so keep in mind that you will need to refine them a little. Nevertheless, they should inspire some ideas for your project.

• The impact of school funding on student achievement
• The effects of social and emotional learning on student well-being
• The effects of parental involvement on student behaviour
• The impact of teacher training on student learning
• The impact of classroom design on student learning
• The impact of poverty on education
• The use of student data to inform instruction
• The role of parental involvement in education
• The effects of mindfulness practices in the classroom
• The use of technology in the classroom
• The role of critical thinking in education
• The use of formative and summative assessments in the classroom
• The use of differentiated instruction in the classroom
• The use of gamification in education
• The effects of teacher burnout on student learning
• The impact of school leadership on student achievement
• The effects of teacher diversity on student outcomes
• The role of teacher collaboration in improving student outcomes
• The implementation of blended and online learning
• The effects of teacher accountability on student achievement
• The effects of standardized testing on student learning
• The effects of classroom management on student behaviour
• The effects of school culture on student achievement
• The use of student-centred learning in the classroom
• The impact of teacher-student relationships on student outcomes
• The achievement gap in minority and low-income students
• The use of culturally responsive teaching in the classroom
• The impact of teacher professional development on student learning
• The use of project-based learning in the classroom
• The effects of teacher expectations on student achievement
• The use of adaptive learning technology in the classroom
• The impact of teacher turnover on student learning
• The effects of teacher recruitment and retention on student learning
• The impact of early childhood education on later academic success
• The impact of parental involvement on student engagement
• The use of positive reinforcement in education
• The impact of school climate on student engagement
• The role of STEM education in preparing students for the workforce
• The effects of school choice on student achievement
• The use of technology in the form of online tutoring

Level-Specific Research Topics

Looking for research topics for a specific level of education? We’ve got you covered. Below you can find research topic ideas for primary, secondary and tertiary-level education contexts. Click the relevant level to view the respective list.

Research Topics: Pick An Education Level

Primary education.

• Investigating the effects of peer tutoring on academic achievement in primary school
• Exploring the benefits of mindfulness practices in primary school classrooms
• Examining the effects of different teaching strategies on primary school students’ problem-solving skills
• The use of storytelling as a teaching strategy in primary school literacy instruction
• The role of cultural diversity in promoting tolerance and understanding in primary schools
• The impact of character education programs on moral development in primary school students
• Investigating the use of technology in enhancing primary school mathematics education
• The impact of inclusive curriculum on promoting equity and diversity in primary schools
• The impact of outdoor education programs on environmental awareness in primary school students
• The influence of school climate on student motivation and engagement in primary schools
• Investigating the effects of early literacy interventions on reading comprehension in primary school students
• The impact of parental involvement in school decision-making processes on student achievement in primary schools
• Exploring the benefits of inclusive education for students with special needs in primary schools
• Investigating the effects of teacher-student feedback on academic motivation in primary schools
• The role of technology in developing digital literacy skills in primary school students
• Effective strategies for fostering a growth mindset in primary school students
• Investigating the role of parental support in reducing academic stress in primary school children
• The role of arts education in fostering creativity and self-expression in primary school students
• Examining the effects of early childhood education programs on primary school readiness
• Examining the effects of homework on primary school students’ academic performance
• The role of formative assessment in improving learning outcomes in primary school classrooms
• The impact of teacher-student relationships on academic outcomes in primary school
• Investigating the effects of classroom environment on student behavior and learning outcomes in primary schools
• Investigating the role of creativity and imagination in primary school curriculum
• The impact of nutrition and healthy eating programs on academic performance in primary schools
• The impact of social-emotional learning programs on primary school students’ well-being and academic performance
• The role of parental involvement in academic achievement of primary school children
• Examining the effects of classroom management strategies on student behavior in primary school
• The role of school leadership in creating a positive school climate Exploring the benefits of bilingual education in primary schools
• The effectiveness of project-based learning in developing critical thinking skills in primary school students
• The role of inquiry-based learning in fostering curiosity and critical thinking in primary school students
• The effects of class size on student engagement and achievement in primary schools
• Investigating the effects of recess and physical activity breaks on attention and learning in primary school
• Exploring the benefits of outdoor play in developing gross motor skills in primary school children
• The effects of educational field trips on knowledge retention in primary school students
• Examining the effects of inclusive classroom practices on students’ attitudes towards diversity in primary schools
• The impact of parental involvement in homework on primary school students’ academic achievement
• Investigating the effectiveness of different assessment methods in primary school classrooms
• The influence of physical activity and exercise on cognitive development in primary school children
• Exploring the benefits of cooperative learning in promoting social skills in primary school students

Secondary Education

• Investigating the effects of school discipline policies on student behavior and academic success in secondary education
• The role of social media in enhancing communication and collaboration among secondary school students
• The impact of school leadership on teacher effectiveness and student outcomes in secondary schools
• Investigating the effects of technology integration on teaching and learning in secondary education
• Exploring the benefits of interdisciplinary instruction in promoting critical thinking skills in secondary schools
• The impact of arts education on creativity and self-expression in secondary school students
• The effectiveness of flipped classrooms in promoting student learning in secondary education
• The role of career guidance programs in preparing secondary school students for future employment
• Investigating the effects of student-centered learning approaches on student autonomy and academic success in secondary schools
• The impact of socio-economic factors on educational attainment in secondary education
• Investigating the impact of project-based learning on student engagement and academic achievement in secondary schools
• Investigating the effects of multicultural education on cultural understanding and tolerance in secondary schools
• The influence of standardized testing on teaching practices and student learning in secondary education
• Investigating the effects of classroom management strategies on student behavior and academic engagement in secondary education
• The influence of teacher professional development on instructional practices and student outcomes in secondary schools
• The role of extracurricular activities in promoting holistic development and well-roundedness in secondary school students
• Investigating the effects of blended learning models on student engagement and achievement in secondary education
• The role of physical education in promoting physical health and well-being among secondary school students
• Investigating the effects of gender on academic achievement and career aspirations in secondary education
• Exploring the benefits of multicultural literature in promoting cultural awareness and empathy among secondary school students
• The impact of school counseling services on student mental health and well-being in secondary schools
• Exploring the benefits of vocational education and training in preparing secondary school students for the workforce
• The role of digital literacy in preparing secondary school students for the digital age
• The influence of parental involvement on academic success and well-being of secondary school students
• The impact of social-emotional learning programs on secondary school students’ well-being and academic success
• The role of character education in fostering ethical and responsible behavior in secondary school students
• Examining the effects of digital citizenship education on responsible and ethical technology use among secondary school students
• The impact of parental involvement in school decision-making processes on student outcomes in secondary schools
• The role of educational technology in promoting personalized learning experiences in secondary schools
• The impact of inclusive education on the social and academic outcomes of students with disabilities in secondary schools
• The influence of parental support on academic motivation and achievement in secondary education
• The role of school climate in promoting positive behavior and well-being among secondary school students
• Examining the effects of peer mentoring programs on academic achievement and social-emotional development in secondary schools
• Examining the effects of teacher-student relationships on student motivation and achievement in secondary schools
• Exploring the benefits of service-learning programs in promoting civic engagement among secondary school students
• The impact of educational policies on educational equity and access in secondary education
• Examining the effects of homework on academic achievement and student well-being in secondary education
• Investigating the effects of different assessment methods on student performance in secondary schools
• Examining the effects of single-sex education on academic performance and gender stereotypes in secondary schools
• The role of mentoring programs in supporting the transition from secondary to post-secondary education

Tertiary Education

• The role of student support services in promoting academic success and well-being in higher education
• The impact of internationalization initiatives on students’ intercultural competence and global perspectives in tertiary education
• Investigating the effects of active learning classrooms and learning spaces on student engagement and learning outcomes in tertiary education
• Exploring the benefits of service-learning experiences in fostering civic engagement and social responsibility in higher education
• The influence of learning communities and collaborative learning environments on student academic and social integration in higher education
• Exploring the benefits of undergraduate research experiences in fostering critical thinking and scientific inquiry skills
• Investigating the effects of academic advising and mentoring on student retention and degree completion in higher education
• The role of student engagement and involvement in co-curricular activities on holistic student development in higher education
• The impact of multicultural education on fostering cultural competence and diversity appreciation in higher education
• The role of internships and work-integrated learning experiences in enhancing students’ employability and career outcomes
• Examining the effects of assessment and feedback practices on student learning and academic achievement in tertiary education
• The influence of faculty professional development on instructional practices and student outcomes in tertiary education
• The influence of faculty-student relationships on student success and well-being in tertiary education
• The impact of college transition programs on students’ academic and social adjustment to higher education
• The impact of online learning platforms on student learning outcomes in higher education
• The impact of financial aid and scholarships on access and persistence in higher education
• The influence of student leadership and involvement in extracurricular activities on personal development and campus engagement
• Exploring the benefits of competency-based education in developing job-specific skills in tertiary students
• Examining the effects of flipped classroom models on student learning and retention in higher education
• Exploring the benefits of online collaboration and virtual team projects in developing teamwork skills in tertiary students
• Investigating the effects of diversity and inclusion initiatives on campus climate and student experiences in tertiary education
• The influence of study abroad programs on intercultural competence and global perspectives of college students
• Investigating the effects of peer mentoring and tutoring programs on student retention and academic performance in tertiary education
• Investigating the effectiveness of active learning strategies in promoting student engagement and achievement in tertiary education
• Investigating the effects of blended learning models and hybrid courses on student learning and satisfaction in higher education
• The role of digital literacy and information literacy skills in supporting student success in the digital age
• Investigating the effects of experiential learning opportunities on career readiness and employability of college students
• The impact of e-portfolios on student reflection, self-assessment, and showcasing of learning in higher education
• The role of technology in enhancing collaborative learning experiences in tertiary classrooms
• The impact of research opportunities on undergraduate student engagement and pursuit of advanced degrees
• Examining the effects of competency-based assessment on measuring student learning and achievement in tertiary education
• Examining the effects of interdisciplinary programs and courses on critical thinking and problem-solving skills in college students
• The role of inclusive education and accessibility in promoting equitable learning experiences for diverse student populations
• The role of career counseling and guidance in supporting students’ career decision-making in tertiary education
• The influence of faculty diversity and representation on student success and inclusive learning environments in higher education

Education-Related Dissertations & Theses

While the ideas we’ve presented above are a decent starting point for finding a research topic in education, they are fairly generic and non-specific. So, it helps to look at actual dissertations and theses in the education space to see how this all comes together in practice.

Below, we’ve included a selection of education-related research projects to help refine your thinking. These are actual dissertations and theses, written as part of Master’s and PhD-level programs, so they can provide some useful insight as to what a research topic looks like in practice.

• From Rural to Urban: Education Conditions of Migrant Children in China (Wang, 2019)
• Energy Renovation While Learning English: A Guidebook for Elementary ESL Teachers (Yang, 2019)
• A Reanalyses of Intercorrelational Matrices of Visual and Verbal Learners’ Abilities, Cognitive Styles, and Learning Preferences (Fox, 2020)
• A study of the elementary math program utilized by a mid-Missouri school district (Barabas, 2020)
• Instructor formative assessment practices in virtual learning environments : a posthumanist sociomaterial perspective (Burcks, 2019)
• Higher education students services: a qualitative study of two mid-size universities’ direct exchange programs (Kinde, 2020)
• Exploring editorial leadership : a qualitative study of scholastic journalism advisers teaching leadership in Missouri secondary schools (Lewis, 2020)
• Selling the virtual university: a multimodal discourse analysis of marketing for online learning (Ludwig, 2020)
• Advocacy and accountability in school counselling: assessing the use of data as related to professional self-efficacy (Matthews, 2020)
• The use of an application screening assessment as a predictor of teaching retention at a midwestern, K-12, public school district (Scarbrough, 2020)
• Core values driving sustained elite performance cultures (Beiner, 2020)
• Educative features of upper elementary Eureka math curriculum (Dwiggins, 2020)
• How female principals nurture adult learning opportunities in successful high schools with challenging student demographics (Woodward, 2020)
• The disproportionality of Black Males in Special Education: A Case Study Analysis of Educator Perceptions in a Southeastern Urban High School (McCrae, 2021)

As you can see, these research topics are a lot more focused than the generic topic ideas we presented earlier. So, in order for you to develop a high-quality research topic, you’ll need to get specific and laser-focused on a specific context with specific variables of interest.  In the video below, we explore some other important things you’ll need to consider when crafting your research topic.

Get 1-On-1 Help

If you’re still unsure about how to find a quality research topic within education, check out our Research Topic Kickstarter service, which is the perfect starting point for developing a unique, well-justified research topic.

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53 Comments

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parental involvement and students academic performance

Science education topics?

How about School management and supervision pls.?

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Kindly help me with the research questions on the topic” Effects of workplace conflict on the employees’ job performance”. The effects can be applicable in every institution,enterprise or organisation.

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I’m a student pursuing Mphil in Basic education and I’m considering any recommended research proposal topic in my field of study

Kindly help me with a research topic in educational psychology. Ph.D level. Thank you.

Project-based learning is a teaching/learning type,if well applied in a classroom setting will yield serious positive impact. What can a teacher do to implement this in a disadvantaged zone like “North West Region of Cameroon ( hinterland) where war has brought about prolonged and untold sufferings on the indegins?

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I am a graduate with two masters. 1) Master of arts in religious studies and 2) Master in education in foundations of education. I intend to do a Ph.D. on my second master’s, however, I need to bring both masters together through my Ph.D. research. can I do something like, ” The contribution of Philosophy of education for a quality religion education in Kenya”? kindly, assist and be free to suggest a similar topic that will bring together the two masters. thanks in advance

Hi, I am an Early childhood trainer as well as a researcher, I need more support on this topic: The impact of early childhood education on later academic success.

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Educational Leadership and Supervision’s Administration for Successful Schools

The examination of the theory of developmental supervision.

• HUI-TZU WU National Chi Nan University

The purpose of this paper is to conduct an empirical observation of SuperVision, a new name for a new strategy of educational leadership, as well as to utilize the theory of developmental supervision.  Glickman, Gordon, and Gordon (2001) state that the definition of SuperVision is identical to leadership for the improvement of instruction.  Education leaders view that supervision is essential for successful schools.  They also believe that it is crucial to improving supervisory behaviors of school leaders.  Therefore, the researcher uses clinical supervision as its method to examine its practices of utilizing the theory of developmental supervision.  The findings of this study are: developmental supervision may improve teachers instruction; the supervisory behaviors may improve teachers ability of problem-solving and decision making, and the supervisor may facilitate teachers as life-long learners.

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Department of Educational Policy and Administration,

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A study of the roles of school administrators in increasing the quality of school life through social responsibility projects in primary schools

Associated data.

The raw data supporting the conclusions of this article will be made available by the authors, without undue reservation.

The structure and expectations of societies are constantly changing, developing, and advancing as time demands. Accordingly, the vision, mission, purpose, and objectives of educational institutions are changing and are shaped according to the expectations of the society. School Directors, teachers, and families, briefly the community, should know that schools are institutions that best fulfill children’s learning, and make them feel happy and safe. A cheerful and peaceful school environment always brings academic success. Children who have a quality school life are aware of the responsibility for their behaviors as well as the social responsibilities for their environment. Thus, students who are closely interested in social responsibility projects are not just academically developed; at the same time, their social, emotional, and mental development increases, and their social cohesion and awareness develop. This research aims to examine ways to improve the quality of social life in schools through social responsibility projects to be started as well as opinions by School Directors. In this study, the qualitative method and case study design were used. The study group of this research consisted of 15 teachers working in primary schools affiliated with the Department of Primary Education of the Ministry of National Education. The participants were interviewed through live connections. The findings revealed that students are very willing to take part in social responsibility projects, and significant improvements have been made in their academic achievement; they attended more willingly, and there have been noticeable changes in the quality of the school.

Introduction

Education is a multifaceted process consisting of wide, complex, and diverse teaching and learning levels. Therefore, in addition to the courses processed in the classroom, the behavioral changes that are desired to be created in the student can be achieved in different and various ways. Since education is a whole, it is very important to develop effective and emotional behaviors such as helping, sharing, cooperating, and the students’ academic development. For this reason, the school administrators should be well aware of their educational leadership and offer forward activities. In addition to academic achievements, the development of students’ developmental behavior is reflected in the quality of school life. Special emphasis should be placed on the quality of school life by administrators and teachers. Yılmaz (2005) emphasized it is crucial to examine the quality of school life, students’ interests and expectations, their reactions toward their teachers, and their commitments. The behaviors and characteristics that society expects to see in individuals, especially in primary school students, will only be adopted through good management and healthy organization. To have all the academic, social, physical, mental, and developmental characteristics necessary for the development and success of students, the main task in planning and conducting research in this field falls to the school administrator. Thus, in addition to academic knowledge, well-planned and managed social activity studies are also important in contributing to students in all areas ( Kir, 2013 ).

Social activities, which have an important place among the tasks of educational institutions, are shaped by the desire and perseverance to work within the teacher, which arouses students’ interest and desire. The responsibility taken by the student and the happiness in fulfilling this responsibility shows how important social activities are in his/her life ( Yılmaz, 2007 ).

Giving students a say in the functioning of the school also leads to more efficient social activities. The quality and importance of the communication that the school administrator provides with students and the opportunities that the school provides for the student affect the students’ commitment to the school ( Yüksel, 2012 ).

Suh and Traiger (1999) stated that the importance and necessity of both parental and social responsibility arose when children were given personal responsibility education in schools and that the school curriculum should support moral decisions and parents’ value education ( Gündüz, 2018 ).

Extracurricular activity studies have an important place in the student’s life. With such extra-course activities, there are good developments in the behavior of students, there are forward increases in school performance, there are noticeable decreases in school absences, socialization is ensured in all directions, and they are effective in becoming adult’s worthy of their family and society. Therefore, school administrators should be planners, routers, and guides and make teachers realize, encourage, and support how important such activities are in education ( Filiz and Nayir, 2015 ).

It is important for students to experience and develop citizenship qualifications, which include various skills and qualities such as voluntary behavior, empowerment, civic activity, and critical thinking, which indicate community benefit, cooperation, and non-reward, both in the classroom settings and in communities where this environment is expanded ( Coşkun, 2020 ).

With this research, an answer was sought to the question “What are the opinions of school administrators about increasing the quality of school life through social responsibility projects in primary schools?”

The results of this research are as follows: In primary educational institutions, it is thought that “what extra-curricular activities are, how the students’ desire to participate in these activities is, what are the positive and negative behaviors that extra-curricular activities bring to students, will contribute to the area where the future of the students will be bright and will be satisfactory for families and school.” To achieve this goal, answers to the following interview questions were sought.

1. As a primary school administrator, what do you think about the “quality of school life?”

2. What duties are assigned to the school administrators in terms of increasing the quality of school life?

3. What projects can be carried out and what are their roles in social responsibility issues?

4. What do you think should be done to increase social responsibility projects in primary schools?

5. Does the increase of social responsibility projects in primary schools have an impact on the quality of school life?

Literature review

As mentioned above, there are a large number of researches relating to social responsibility projects. Nevertheless, few of these researches have been concentrated on social responsibility project in schools. For schools which is our interest, Tuzcu and Savaşkan (2020) stated that social responsibility projects not only supply social outcome but at the same time provide individual and organizational achievements. Cetindamar and Hopkins (2008) underline that the integration of social responsibility into education is a daunting—and rewarding—task of assisting students in understanding diverse values and gaining action skills. Pozo et al. (2016) in their research titled “ Teaching personal and social responsibility model-based programmers in physical education. A systematic review ” pointed out that when students are offered the right strategies and skills, they will be more responsible in their daily lives, both in and out of the school context. Selvi and Şentürk (2016) aimed to explain the “ Social responsibility approach in civil society organizations. ” The study stressed that social responsibility is not just related to a single industry. It is a notion that affects all classes of society. Social responsibility projects are planned to raise awareness of environmental and social issues in our children, who are the future of our country, to find solutions to problems, and to help children develop themselves and carry out social responsibility projects ( Uğurlu and Arslan, 2015 ).

Toma (2006) reported that “quality” has a close relationship with social responsibility and is a widely applied concept, targeting both products and services and the environment, and life in general. Busher et al. (2015) stated that the essential task for schools is to guide students to achieve the planned goals. Thus, an effective and successful school can be defined as students having achieved the goals planned for them. Seçer and Sari (2006) claimed that social responsibility activities play an essential role in students’ life. Thus, if the school guides the students to join these activities, the students will be happier and more willing to go to school.

In light of the above research, it indicates once again that social responsibility projects are essential in human life. Moreover, they increase the quality of school life.

Methodology

In this section, the topics of research pattern, study group, data collection process, data collection tool, and data analysis are discussed. The qualitative research method was administered to determine the views of school administrators on “the roles of school administrators in increasing the quality of school life through social responsibility projects in primary schools.” One of the qualitative research patterns, “the case study,” was used to collect data for the study ( Yin, 2011 ). The case study approach is particularly useful to employ when there is a need to obtain an in-depth appreciation of an issue, event, or phenomenon of interest, in its natural real-life context ( Crowe et al., 2011 ). In addition, the semi-structured interview technique from qualitative research methods was used in the study.

Data collection procedures

After obtaining the necessary permits from the Ministry of Education of the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus, face-to-face interviews and connections were conducted with the participants between 25 October and 5 November 2020. They were briefed on all the rules well in advance and were assured about the purpose of the study and confidentiality. Each of the interviews lasted about 35 min. The participants were asked five open-ended questions, and their responses were noted down on interview forms.

The questions presented to the participants in the interview form were written in clear, simple, understandable, and proper Turkish. The Interview Form is called “Views about the Roles of School Administrators in Improving the Quality of School Life through Social Responsibility Projects in Primary Schools.” The form consists of two parts. The first part includes demographic (personal) information about school administrators, while the second part contains interview questions that will reveal the purpose of the research. Pilot applications were also carried out with several school administrators to control these questions.

Data analysis

The data obtained were first conceptualized and organized logically. Then, themes were created to analyze the data using the content analysis method ( Downe-Wamboldt, 1992 ). Based on exploring themes and codes, the researchers have created their groups and themes and they also resolved the data and encoded it. The participants were codified as A1, A15 etc. (A referring to Administrator). The encodings were separated and placed under the themes. Finally, frequency and percentage tables for encodings were created.

The participants were 15 primary school administrators in the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus, Ministry of National Education in the 2020–2021 academic year.

The researchers’ role in this study serves as an intermediary between the participants and the data that was being collected. Also, the researchers’ role is to analyze the information in detail and construe the hypothesis. The focus group that was interviewed in this study are primary schools’ administrators in North Cyprus. In this research paper, the data were collected from 25 participants who are well experienced and responsible in their present job.

Limitations of the study

This research is limited to public and private primary schools in six different districts of the TRNC between the 2019 and 2020 academic year, and the working group is limited to 25 primary school administrators. Finally, for document analysis, the pictures are obtained before COVID-19.

As can be observed in Table 1 , the 15 primary school administrators are considered to be young, between the ages of 35 and 45.

Demographic characteristics of the participants.

The findings of the study were revealed based on the answers to the five interview questions asked to the participants. Six themes were found in the study, and the findings of these themes were tabled in frequency and percentage as presented below.

When Table 2 is examined, it can be seen that the views by the school administrators about the “quality of school life” are classified under 109 codes and 11 themes. Fifteen of the views expressed school life as “a place where teachers, students, and all the staff are happy,” 14 as “good level of education and training,” 13 as “teachers are successful and qualified,” 11 as “a safe structure and school environment in all directions and an institution where socialization takes place,” 10 as “social activities are at the forefront,” 9 as “have a disciplined school environment,” 7 as “a technologically advanced structure,” 6 as “a clean and orderly environment,” and 5 as “good relations with the Ministry of Education.”

Administrators’ views about the “quality of school life.”

I believe that school administrators should not be in the latest place in their relationship with the Ministry of Education when linking the “quality of school life” more to the fact that the school is seen as a happy nest that education and training are good and that school teachers are successful and qualified. Because the Ministries of Education have a very important place in the quality of the schools. Some of the administrators’ views are as follows:

“According to me, a qualified school represents a home where teachers, students and all the staff are happy. It also shows a structure in which students socialize” (A1)

“In my opinion, it creates an environment where all developmental characteristics of students are improved. It also expresses a clean and orderly environment, a disciplined structure.” (A6)

“It is explained that education and training are at a good level, teachers are successful, qualified, and well aware of the studies carried out.” (A10)

“A qualified school reminds me of a quality school structure. The headmaster dedicated himself to education and training all his staff to succeed in all aspects. In addition, it emphasizes social activities for student development” (A10).

As in Table 3 , the administrators’ views about the subject question are classified under 87 codes and eight themes. Fourteen views emphasized good communication with the students, teachers, and the other staff, 13 expressed the task as paying attention to extracurricular activities, 12 stressed the importance of enjoyable educational activities, according to students’ expectations and learning levels and “provide a learning environment, 10 advocated taking students’ opinions into account in some applications,” eight said the diversity of course tools needed to be increased, and seven suggested more physical equipment.

Duties of school administrators in improving the quality of school life.

In my opinion, this ranking should also include the importance of “the close communication and relationships of school administrators with families.” Some of the their views are as follows:

“For me, in order to create a qualified school, important tasks are assigned by the school administrators in the first place. At all times, the teacher, student, and all the other staff should involve in taking steps and raising ideas.” (A2)

“In my opinion, the architect of a qualified school is the school administrator. He should pay attention to extracurricular activities with plans and programs that he will prepare, to make the learning environment enjoyable.” (A7)

“In my opinion, the most important task in increasing the quality of school life falls in the school administrator. Educational activities should be made enjoyable to respond to student expectations and learning levels, providing students with a learning environment to do and learn.” (A11)

“School Directors should pay attention to the social and personal development of the students as well as their academic development, and in some applications, their opinions should be taken into account to make them feel confident. In addition, provide a course diversity and create an appropriate working environment” (A15)

As Table 4 reveals, the roles of school administrators are classified under 134 codes and 12 themes. 15 participants advocated awareness of responsibility, 15 emphasized that education is not only academic information, 14 pointed to the importance of planning, schedule, and coordination, 13 said administrators should be models for the staff and students, 12 suggested referring to the views of all stakeholders, 11 stressed encouragement and rewards for teachers and students, 10 stated that social responsibility should be a way of life, nine said schools should get support from family associations and parents as well as from the local government, eight pointed out that schools should get support from the environment, institutions, and organizations, and seven advocated the need for financial and moral support from the Ministry of National Education.

Role of school administrators in social responsibility projects.

It should not be overlooked that financial support is also needed in the full fulfillment of social responsibility projects. In this study, school administrators considered the need for financial support in the latest plan. There should be sponsors who will provide financial support directly for the project. Some of the administrator views are as follows:

“F or me, all the staff and particularly the students should be made aware of responsibilities at an early age and should know that education is not only academic knowledge” (A3)

“A school director should implement plans and programs in social responsibility projects, work in coordination, and be a role model for all school staff and especially students” (A5).

“My opinion is that ideas and recommendations from stakeholders should be considered, encouraged and to increase students’ success in social responsibility projects.” (A8).

“We, the school administrators, should firstly assume social responsibility awareness a principle so as to be able to raise awareness among all the involved. We should also point out that education does not only consist of academic knowledge. All the requirements for student development need to be met. Schools should get support from family associations, parents, local governments, the environment and organizations.” (A13).

As in Table 5 , the subject question is classified under 101 codes and nine themes. Fifteen participants are in favor of “charity and solidarity events,” 15 for “health activities,” 14 for “environmental awareness activities,” 12 for “sporting events,” 11 for “educational activities,” 10 for “cultural and artistic activities,” nine for “activities to love and protect animals,” eight for “craft activities,” and seven for “natural disaster prevention activities.” In this respect, he demonstrated with the first three themes that the TRNC is a Nation that is sensitive to its people and cares about the value judgments of its society. Some of the administrator views are as follows:

Social responsibility projects that can be done in primary schools.

“According to me, cooperation and solidarity activities, activities in the field of health are the social responsibility projects that we face the most frequently” (A1).

“If a school adminstrator knows the demographic status of his school and its surroundings well, he will be successful in implementing social responsibility projects. At this point, the importance of environmental awareness and organization of activities should be well understood” (A4).

“For me, social responsibility projects should include sports events, educational, cultural and artistic1 activities.” (A9).

“Generally, Social responsibility projects such as clothing, books, various tools, hospitals, nurseries, wellness training, nursing homes, first aid training, and hygiene training are carried out for families in need.” (A2).

Discussion and conclusion

The participants of this study consist of 15 school administrators working in primary schools affiliated with the Ministry of Education of the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus in the 2020–2021 academic year. In the study, the opinions of the school administrators were taken to examine their roles in school administration and improving the quality of school life through social responsibility projects. Interviews were conducted through live connections.

The study revealed that social responsibility projects have an important place in improving the quality of school life, in which the administrators have the most important tasks in this regard. They maintain the functioning of the school in good communication with students, teachers, and all staff. In addition, educational activities are made enjoyable according to the expectations and learning levels of the students and increase the need for extra-class activities. The importance of learning doing is strongly emphasized. Similarly, in research conducted by Wigmore-Álvarez and Ruiz-Lozano (2012) and Cristina et al. (2017) , it was pointed out that how quality management can be a foundation for developing social responsibility. In addition, this finding of the current study is also supported by the research of Sitnikov and Bocean (2015) .

For organizations to embrace ethically and socially responsible thinking, the provision needs to be “proactive,” with fundamental ethics programs taught by committed schools ( Cornelius et al., 2007 ). Apaydın and Ercan (2010) mention on how social responsibility projects are also important for schools and in their study primary school administrators had more positive ideas about human rights, environmental problems, and business ethic than secondary school administrators did. Kelley et al. (2008) have similar findings to our study that school’s engagement in the process of practicing social responsibility and clarifying its meaning and application has made apparent the natural linkage between social responsibility and professionalism.

The participant school administrators stated that the best way to succeed in social responsibility projects is to align these activities with educational programs, carry out planned and programmed work with the teams to be created, and raise awareness by adding all stakeholders to contribute starting at an early stage. Increasing social responsibility projects in primary schools have had positive effects on the quality of school life. George et al. (2018) also indicated that to improve students’ performance, educational institutions need to build a powerful strategy to boost educational services. In addition to increasing students’ academic success, there have also been positive effects on their continuity in school.

A school whose quality of life increases always has an exemplary position ( Durmaz, 2008 ). A planned, programmed, systematic, and coordinated order is formed in the structure and functioning of the school. A school environment that works in unity and togetherness is formed. Schools are not just a place that is separate from society and is taught in it; they are environments in which community life is experienced in a real and effective way ( Dewey, 2010 ).

Special attention should be given to the quality of school life by administrators and teachers. It is very important to examine the quality of school life due to the relationship between both the qualifications of school life and their academic achievements. Students’ communication with their teachers and their commitment to their duties at the school are of crucial importance in school life ( Yılmaz, 2005 ). With school quality of life, we can see students’ sense of acceptance and ownership of school, love and respect for their friends and teachers, socialization, and academic success ( Erden and Erdem, 2013 ).

According to Argon and Demirer (2015) , school administrators should determine the vision and mission of the school to increase student’s awareness of social responsibility while revealing the quality of school life; they should share the mission and vision with all stakeholders. In social responsibility projects, students and parents, as well as school administrators and teachers, should effectively maintain their contributions and support in their relations with the school environment.

To be effective, especially school administrators and teachers have important tasks. It should be noted that these planned and programmed projects motivate students against their school and lessons and lead them to success, as well as increase the quality of school life. According to Kucinska-Landwojtowicz et al. (2020) , applying a process approach to the management of educational activities is possible.

Recommendations

This study aimed to find out the system to develop the quality of social life in schools through social responsibility projects. It was found that students are excited to take part in social responsibility projects. Thus, significant improvements have been made in their academic achievement.

It can be suggested that, in a school, if there is a weakness in the quality of school life, it should be investigated considering any economic, social, or political reasons. Moreover, in-service training can be provided assuming that administrators and teachers may not be conscious enough. In the same way, conferences can be organized to raise awareness of stakeholders outside the school.

It can be further stated that, as this study was carried out before the COVID-19 pandemic, present studies will possibly be more effective to see what activities were carried out during the pandemic. Furthermore, social responsibility projects should be planned and implemented in the field of education where all stakeholders can act together. Besides these, the region and environmental conditions of the school should be taken into account in determining social responsibility projects.

Data availability statement

Ethics statement.

The studies involving human participants were reviewed and approved by Ethical Committee Board of Near East University. The patients/participants provided their written informed consent to participate in this study.

Author contributions

Both authors listed have made a substantial, direct, and intellectual contribution to the work, and approved it for publication.

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Publisher’s note

All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article, or claim that may be made by its manufacturer, is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.

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