about cv raman essay

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CV Raman Essay

CV Raman represented and contributed significantly to India's scientific community as he was well-versed in philosophical thought and had an exquisite attention to detail. His discovery of the Raman Effect changed the world of science and made him the first ever Indian to be awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1930. Here are a few sample essays on ‘ CV Raman ’.

100 Words On Essay On CV Raman

200 words on essay on cv raman, 500 words on essay on cv raman.

Since his father taught physics and mathematics at AV Narasimha Rao College in Visakhapatnam, CV Raman was raised in an academic environment. Raman was a dedicated student. He enrolled in the Presidency College in Madras in 1902, and in 1904 he successfully completed his BA programme, earning first place and a gold medal in Physics. He received the highest honours when he earned his MA in 1907. His early studies in optics and acoustics—the two areas of study to which he devoted his whole professional life—were conducted while he was still a student. Raman's primary study was on musical instruments and acoustics, which helped him be elected as a fellow of the Royal Society in 1924.

Early Life | C. V. Raman was born in Madras Province, India on November 7, 1888 in Thiruvanaikoil, Tiruchirappalli. His full name was Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman. He was the son of Parvati Ammal and R. Chandrasekhara Ver. His father taught physics and mathematics at Presidency College in Madras. His early studies in optics and acoustics were conducted while he was still a student. Raman began working for the Indian Finance Department in 1907 after finding that a scientific career did not appear to give the best opportunities at the time. Raman found opportunities to do experimental research in the lab of the Indian Association for the Cultivation of Sciences in Calcutta, despite his office duties consuming the majority of his time.

Accomplishments | The advancement of science in India was influenced by the work of Indian physicist C. V. Raman. In 1930, he became the first Indian scientist to receive the prestigious Nobel Prize in Physics. His discovery is commonly referred to as the "Raman effect" or "Raman scattering," which is the inelastic scattering of a photon. He received numerous honorary doctorates and memberships in prestigious scientific institutions. He passed away in Bangalore on November 21, 1970, at the age of 82. In India, National Science Day is observed on February 28 every year to commemorate the day that Indian scientist Sir Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman discovered the Raman phenomenon.

CV Raman was the first Indian and Asian to be awarded the Physics Nobel Prize. Most importantly, he accomplished this while India was not well-known in the scientific community.

The Raman Effect

In 1928, while researching how light refracts in different materials, he discovered that when a transparent substance is lit by a beam of light of a particular frequency, a small amount of the light exits at right angles to the original direction, some of which is of a different frequency from the incident light. The energies connected to changes in rotational and vibrational states in the scattering material were named as Raman frequencies. In short, the Raman effect, discovered by C.V. Raman, occurs when light that shines through a material is scattered and its wavelength varies from that of the original incident light due to interactions with the molecules in the substance.

Academic Contribution

Raman received his knighthood in 1929, and in 1933 he relocated to the Indian Institute of Science in Bangalore to take over the physics department. He was appointed the Raman Research Institute's director there in 1947, and in 1961 he was elected a member of the Pontifical Academy of Science. He helped establish almost all Indian research institutions during his lifetime, founded the Indian Journal of Physics and the Indian Academy of Sciences, and mentored hundreds of students who went on to hold significant positions in academic institutions and government in India and Myanmar (Burma).

His Work and Achievements

After spending 15 years in Calcutta, he moved to Bangalore to work as a professor at the Indian Institute of Science (1933–1948), and in 1948 he was appointed director of the Raman Institute of Research, which he had founded and endowed. The Indian Association for the Cultivation of Sciences appointed him as Honorary Secretary. In 1926, he also started the Indian Journal of Physics, serving as its Editor. Raman supported the creation of the Indian Academy of Sciences and presided over it. He also served as the president of the Bangalore Current Science Association. Raman had produced credible work in his discipline, and the Indian Association for the Cultivation of Sciences published his early autobiographies. These addressed the maintenance of vibrations and the theory of violin-family musical instruments. He presented a paper on the "Molecular Diffraction of Light" in 1922, marking the beginning of a series of studies with his associates that eventually resulted in the discovery of the radiation effect, which bears his name. He won the 1930 Nobel Prize in Physics for this work. He and Suri Bhagavantam made the quantum photon spin discovery in 1932.

Raman lost consciousness in his lab at the end of October 1970. He pulled through and requested to be moved from the hospital to his institute's grounds. On November 21st, 1970, he passed away. His life served as an example of how hard work, dedication, and patience can lead to success. A new era of higher science began with him, and he set the example for others to follow.

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C. v. raman: essay on c. v. raman (760 words).

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Read this comprehensive essay on Chandrasekhar Venkata Raman (1888 A.D. – 1970 A.D.) !

The Great Indian physicist Chandrasekhar Venkata Raman, popularly known as C.V Raman, was born on 7 th November, 1888 at Trichirapalli in Tamil Nadu. His father was a physics teacher and so it was natural that Raman developed love for this subject. He was a brilliant student from the very beginning. As a brilliant and promising lad, he passed his matriculation examination at the young age of 12 from Madras University.

His parents wanted to sent him England for higher studies but his poor health did not allow it. He studied at Hindu College, Visakhapatnam and Presidency College, Madras. He obtained his post-graduation degree in physics in 1907 with the top position. During his student period he conducted many researches and published his papers in many reputed magazines.

His interest in physics was deep and lasting and so he continued his research work in his spare time in the laboratory of the Association. He published his research results in the leading journals of Calcutta, now Kolkata which were in regard to the subject of propagation of light. These original research papers were of great scientific significance.

When these came to the notice of the then Vice -Challenger of Calcutta University, Sir Ashutosh Mukharjee, he appointed him Professor of physics in the University. During his stay at the University he continued his research with much more devotion and won immense honour and recognition as a physicist.

He was elected the Fellow of the Royal Society of London in 1924. He discovered the “Raman Effect” in 1928. For it he was awarded the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1930. He became the first Indian to win this prestigious honour. With this award, his reputation increased by leaps and bounds and many Universities and institutions of repute honoured him with Ph D and D.Sc. degrees.

In December, 1927 he was busy in laboratory when the news came that the well-known physicist A.M. Compton was awarded the Nobel Prize for demonstrating that the nature of X-rays undergoes a change when passed through a matter.

This effect came to be known as the “Compton Effect.” Encouraged by this discovery, Raman continued his experiments and ultimately proved that light rays can also be scattered. His discovery enabled for the first time, the mapping of possible levels of energy gains of molecules and atoms of a substance and thus discovered their molecules and atomic structure. This discovery of the scattering of light led to the development of a simple alternative to infra-red spectroscopy, namely, Raman Spectroscopy.

Raman Effect happens when molecules of a medium scatter light energy particles known as photons. The spectrum varies with the nature of the transparent medium used to scatter the light. Raman Effect has proved to be of great scientific value and with its help the structure of more than 200 compounds has been known. He also gave us the scientific explanation for the blue colour of the sky and the ocean.

He explained that the blue color of the ocean was as a result of the scattering of sunlight by the molecules of the water. He travelled widely abroad delivering lectures about his discoveries and researches. In 1933 he became the Director of the Indian Institute of Sciences, Bangalore. In 1943 he founded the Raman Research Institute at Bangalore. He was knighted in 1927. He was awarded the Bharat Ratna in 1954 and the International Lenin Prize in 1957.

Raman was a born genius and a self-made man and scientist with deep religious convictions. His interests were wide and deep and so were his contributions to the human knowledge and development. Besides optics, he was deeply interested in acoustics—the science and study of sound.

His contributions to the mechanical theory of bowed, stringed and other musical instruments like violin, sitar, cello, piano, veena, Tanpura and mridangam have been very significant. He explained in detail how these musical instruments produce harmonious tones and notes. He died on November 21, 1970 at the ripe age of 82 at Bangalore and his mortal remains were consigned to flames in the campus of the Raman Research Institute.

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• C V Raman Biography

Writing a Biographical Essay of a Historical Figure

Sir Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman, was an Indian physicist who won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1930 for his work on light scattering and the discovery of a new form of scattering called Raman scattering or the Raman effect. The compositions of solids, liquids, and gases can all benefit from this effect. It can also be used to diagnose diseases and track manufacturing processes. 

Biography is an account of a person’s life by another person. It is a descriptive work written in detail. Biographical pieces can be in various forms, like a video or book and they can be of any length, like a book or an essay. An authorized biography is written with the permission of the subject and an unauthorized one is not. However, biographies of historical figures written for purely academic purposes do not require consent from the subject or people who hold the rights of consent for the subject.

Choosing the Right Level

Biographies can be written by students of all classes. The higher the class, the more details go into the essay. The biography by a fifth-grader will be smaller and less detailed than that written by a ninth-grader. The demand for making it more interesting and decorating it with aptly placed figures of speech grows with grade.

Choosing the Right Source

Biography is not fiction or a made-up story. It is the arrangement of boring dates and facts into a beautiful landscape that would be the subject’s life. For the facts to be accurate and true, trustworthy sources must be consulted, like a known book or reliable websites that contain life information.

Choosing the Right Information

Having selected the right source of information, it can get mind-boggling to choose what information to keep and what not to mention in the essay. It is better to have too much information than too little so that the best out of them can be chosen. A biography should answer some basic questions about the person. The place and date of his birth and death. Information about his immediate family. Important milestones of his life, like schooling, occupation, marriage, kids, appointments, or discoveries. His accomplishments during his lifetime. And then the legacy he leaves behind, like his impact on society or education and the historical significance.

How to Arrange the Information?

Biographies are descriptions of someone’s life, so setting the tone and making it sound interesting relies freely on the writer’s shoulders. The student can make life sound fun and lively, or gripping and intense. This is where the talent of a writer shines through, so use all of the writing tools at hand and make the best of them.

The Person Behind the Facts

The personality of the subject should shine through the essay. Select appropriate adjectives to build upon the character of the person. If interesting anecdotes highlight the kind of person he was, use them to build upon his personality.

Legacy in Conclusion

The achievement of his life and his notable works need to be mentioned, as well as how he affects posterity. In conclusion, the importance of his work and legacy should be highlighted.

It should be remembered that however tempting it feels to include interesting details and fun facts, the word limit should be kept in mind. This is what should rule which facts go and which do not in the essay. The introduction, body, and conclusion need to be clearly arranged. A biographical essay is not a story-telling spree, so the spirit of an essay should be intact.

The best essays are easy to read and the flow from one part to another is seamless. It might sound contradictory to keep a seamless flow while keeping the three parts of an essay demarcated, but it is not impossible and this is the delicate balance that can only be achieved by persistent practice. Language is not much different from Maths or Science in this aspect – practice makes perfect.

Information About C V Raman

Sir C V Raman’s birthday- November 7, 1888

Sir C V Raman’s death day- November 21, 1970

Alma mater- The University of Madras (M.A.)

Known for Raman effect

Spouse- Lokasundari Ammal (1908–1970)

Children- Chandrasekhar Raman and Venkatraman Radhakrishnan

About C V Raman’s Family and Background

Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman was born to a Tamil Brahmin family in Tiruchirapalli, Tamil Nadu, on November 7, 1888. Raman's forefathers were agriculturists who settled in the Tanjore district near Porasakudi Village and Mangudi. Chandrasekhara Iyer, his father, attended a school in Kumbakonam and graduated with honours in 1881. He eventually earned a Bachelor of Arts degree in Physics from Tiruchirapalli's Society of the Promotion of the Gospel College in 1891. In the same college, Chandrasekara became a lecturer. He married Parvathi Ammal after passing the Matriculation exam and they had eight children: five sons and three daughters. Chandrasekaran, Raman's father, moved to Visakhapatnam when he was four years old to work as a lecturer at Mrs. A.V. Narasimha Rao College. He taught Physics, arithmetic, and physical geography at the university. Chandrasekaran was regarded as physically and mentally powerful due to his involvement in athletics, physical culture, and Indian Carnatic music, among other things. Raman, unlike his father, was not physically powerful, but he was a brilliant thinker. He excelled in school and displayed early signs of exceptional ability, receiving praise from his teachers as well as numerous prizes and scholarships. While still in school, Raman developed an interest in Physics. He once designed a dynamo on his own and was fascinated with how physical principles and machines worked. C. V. Raman graduated from high school at the age of eleven, receiving first place in the Matriculation Examination (top marks). He then enrolled in the AVN College to prepare for the Intermediate Exam. He received more accolades this time, and he received top scores on the university test. In 1903, he received a scholarship to study for a BA degree at the Presidency College in Chennai (then Madras), where he was the youngest student. At the time, the Presidency College was the best in Southern India. When Raman was in college, the majority of his professors were Europeans. Raman's interest in Physics grew even stronger during this period, and he also developed a strong liking for English. Raman earned first place in the university's BA exams in 1904, and gold medals in English and Physics. Raman's teachers encouraged him to continue his education in England, but the Madras Civil Surgeon refused, arguing that the young Raman was too weak to endure the English climate. Raman, on the other hand, completed his MA in Physics at Presidency College and did not travel abroad until he was thirty-three years old.

About C V Raman’s Early Career and Marriage

In January 1907, Raman sat for and passed his Master's examination, earning top marks and a slew of awards and prizes. While he desired to focus on science (particularly research), there were no research opportunities in India (specifically for Indians). Owing to his deteriorating health at the time, he was unable to travel to England. As a result, Raman's thoughts turned to work for the government, which is known to be clean, stable, and even prestigious. Even in this situation, he desired to enter the prestigious Indian Civil Service (ICS), the highest level of government service, but this meant training in England and taking the exam there—an option that was also ruled out due to medical reasons. The Financial Civil Service (FCS), where Raman's brother C.S. Iyer was already a member, which was his next preference. The FCS served as a forerunner to today's Indian Audit and Accounts Service. Raman passed the FCS examination in 1907 and married Lokasundari before taking up an official job. This period of his life unfolded unusually. Typically, parents arranged Indian marriages, which includes finding a suitable horoscope match for their infant. This included looking at the positions of the stars on their birth date, as well as other horoscopic statistics.  The boy and his parents then pay a visit to the girl's house to see if she likes them; during this period, the girl is normally asked to give a musical performance. The date for their marriage is fixed if all arrangements are in agreement and the girl's family provides adequate dowry. Raman's marriage went in a different direction. Mr. Ramaswamy Sivan, a freemason, theosophist, and radical thinker, was a friend of Raman's as a college student. Mr. Sivan's house was a frequent stop for Raman, and one day he heard music from an Indian classical instrument, the veena, played by Lokasundari, Sivan's sister-in-law, who was visiting from Madurai. Lokasundari was a natural at playing the veena, and Raman was instantly drawn to her. Sivan discussed this idea with Raman, who immediately accepted it since Lokasundari was of marriageable age at the time and her family was looking for a suitable groom. Raman then continued to seek permission from his parents. However, it was later discovered that Lokasundari, thought of the same caste as Raman (Brahmin), belonged to a separate subset—a match that was strictly forbidden at the time. Raman's father, who is a rather liberal man, agreed that Raman could choose his bride, even if she came from a different subset. The rest of the family, including Raman's mother, was unhappy, however. Despite these challenges, Raman followed his heart and kept on doing things his way. In mid-1907, Raman was appointed Assistant Accountant-General in Calcutta, even though he was still a teenager. His pay, including the marriage allowance, was Rs. 400 at the time. Raman and Lokasundari set out for Calcutta, the capital of British India at the time. Raman took advantage of Calcutta's vibrant and scientific environment, allowing him to fully articulate his scientific creativity—Calcutta was then regarded as the East's premier science city. Raman was sent to Nagpur and Rangoon in addition to Calcutta; no matter where he was posted, Raman still found a way to perform experiments at home.

C V Raman Contribution to Science

Raman productively used the time he had with Professor Jones while studying Physics at Presidency College, designing and creating experiments to address the boundless questions he had. Only the most basic laboratory instruments (enough for classwork) were available in the Physics lab at the time, but Raman made use of them all. Raman's questions were frequently those for which there were no answers in the literature. As a result, the nature of science came naturally to him, prompting him to perform experiments throughout his life. Raman experimented with asymmetric diffraction of light though he was well aware of light in a wave shape and the principle of diffraction. Professor Jones was given his observations on this experiment, which he collected and gave to him for feedback. Professor Jones, on the other hand, remained silent for many months. Raman was aware of the Philosophical Magazine at the time, possibly those subscribed to by the Connemara Public Library, which was about five kilometers from Presidency College (it is not certain how Raman came to know of this magazine). This paper was written in 1906, and Raman, who was only 18 at the time and had not yet graduated from high school, was the sole author with no acknowledgments. Raman's achievement was all the more remarkable because Presidency College was not a research institution, and Raman's paper was the first to emerge from there. Almost immediately after Raman's first publication, Johns Hopkins University's R.W. Wood published another. Wood later sent a cable to Nature announcing the Raman Effect's discovery. Raman left the government in 1917 to take up the newly established Palit Professorship in Physics at the University of Calcutta. Simultaneously, he continued his study at the IACS, where he eventually rose to the position of Honorary Secretary. Raman referred to this period in his career as his "golden age." At the IACS and the University of Calcutta, he was surrounded by a group of gifted students. In 1929, he presided over the 16th session of the Indian Science Congress. Raman worked on the acoustics of musical instruments in addition to his Nobel Prize-winning work on light scattering. Based on superposition velocities, he developed a theory of transverse vibration of bowed strings. In comparison to Helmholtz's method, this does a great job of describing bowed string vibration. He was also the first to explore the harmonic essence of Indian drum sounds like the tabla and mridangam. Raman was appointed director of the newly established Indian Institute of Science (IISc) in Bangalore in 1933. The IISc was established in 1909 with the aim of conducting original research and providing science and engineering education. Before Raman's appointment, all of IISc's directors, as well as the majority of its faculty, were British. He remained a Professor of Physics for another two years. The new government of Independent India named him the country's first National Professor in 1947. In 1948, he retired from the Indian Institute of Science and a year later founded the Raman Research Bangalore, Karnataka, where he served as director until he died in 1970.

C V Raman’s Discovery

Raman was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1930 for his research on light scattering and the discovery of the Raman effect. The inelastic scattering of a photon is known as "Raman scattering" or "Raman effect." This phenomenon is the basis for Raman spectroscopy.

What led to C V Raman’s Invention of Raman Effect?

C V Raman Discovery of the Physics of Musical sound- Understanding the Physics of musical Sound was one of Raman's passions. The Sensations of Tone by Hermann Von Helmholtz, which he came across when he entered IACS, inspired him. Between 1916 and 1921, he researched and published a lot of his observations. Based on the superposition of velocities, he developed the principle of transverse vibration of bowed string instruments. The wolf tone in violins and cellos was one of his earliest experiments. He investigated the acoustics of various violins and related instruments, as well as water splashes and Indian stringed instruments. "Experiments with mechanically-played violins" was one of his works. C V Raman Discovery behind the Blue colour of the sea- In 1919, Raman began investigating light scattering as part of his broadening foray into optics. His first amazing discovery was the mechanics of seawater's blue colour. In September 1921, he reflected on the Mediterranean Sea's blue colour while sailing home from England on the S.S. Narkunda. He tested the seawater with basic optical instruments, including a pocket-sized spectroscope and a Nicol prism. No.56 Lord Rayleigh's explanation in 1910, "The much-revered dark blue of the deep sea has little to do with the colour of water, but is the blue of the sky seen by refraction," was the strongest of many theories on the colour of the sea. C V Raman Inventions: Most photons are elastically dispersed as light is scattered from an atom or molecule. The incident photons have the same energy (frequency) as scattered photons, and therefore the same wavelength. Excitations of optical frequencies distinct from, and normally lower than, the frequency of the incident photons scatter a small fraction of scattered light (roughly one in ten million photons). Raman scattering may occur in gas when a molecule's vibrational, rotational, or electronic energy changes. "The character of scattered radiations allows us to obtain an insight into the ultimate structure of the scattering," Raman explained. Raman published his thesis on "Molecular Diffraction of Light" in 1922, the first of a series of investigations with his collaborators that eventually led to his discovery of the radiation effect that bears his name (on February 28, 1928). In 1928, C. V. Raman and K. S. Krishnan, as well as Grigory Landsberg and Leonid Mandelstam, independently identified the Raman effect. Raman's discovery was hailed by physicists as evidence of the quantum theory. The vibrational Raman effect is of primary interest to chemists. The Raman Effect was named a National Historic Chemical Landmark by the American Chemical Society in 1998, in recognition of its importance as a method for studying the structure of liquids, gases, and solids. The Raman Effect is distinct from the fluorescence mechanism. The incident light is completely absorbed in the latter case, and the system is transferred to an energetically excited state from which it can only transition to various lower states after a certain period (resonance lifetime). Both processes emit a photon with a different frequency than the incident photon, and the molecule is brought to a higher or lower energy level. However, the Raman Effect can occur for any frequency of incident light, which is a significant difference. The Raman Effect, in contrast to the fluorescence effect, is not a resonant effect.

C V Raman’s Contribution as an Author

C V Raman’s discoveries led him to write a set of books which are listed below-

Vol. 1 -Scattering of Light (Ed. S Ramaseshan)

Vol. 2 -Acoustic

Vol. 3 -Optica

Vol. 4 -Optics  of Minerals and Diamond

Vol. 5 -Physics of Crystals

Vol. 6 -Floral Colours and Visual Perception

C V Raman’s Achievements and Awards

Many honorary doctorates and memberships in scientific societies were bestowed upon Raman. He was a member of the Deutsche Akademie in Munich, the Swiss Physical Society in Zürich, the Royal Philosophical Society in Glasgow, the Royal IrishAcademy, the  Hungarian Academy of Sciences, the Academy of Sciences of The Soviet Union, the Optical Society of America, and the Mineralogical Society of America, the Romanian Academy of Sciences, the Catgut Acoustical Society of America, and the Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences. He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1924. He did, however, resign from the fellowship in 1968 for unknown reasons, making him the only Indian FRS to do so. In 1929, he was the President of the Indian Science Congress's 16th session. From 1933 until his death, he was the first President of the Indian Academy of Sciences. In 1961, he was elected to the Pontifical Academy of Sciences.

Though still employed by the Indian Finance Service, Raman won the Curzon Research Award in 1912. While still working for the Indian Finance Service, he received the Woodburn Research Medal in 1913. The Accademia Nazionale delle Scienze in Rome awarded him the Matteucci Medal in 1928. He was knighted in 1930. The Viceroy of India, Lord Irwin, conferred him a Knight Bachelor in a special ceremony at the Viceroy's House (now Rashtrapati Bhavan) in New Delhi after his inclusion in the 1929 Birthday was postponed. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1930 for "research on light scattering and the discovery of the phenomenon named after him."He was the first Asian and non-white person to win a Nobel Prize for Science. Rabindranath Tagore (another Indian) had previously won the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1913. He was awarded the Hughes Medal of the Royal Society in 1930. The Franklin Institute in Philadelphia awarded him the Franklin Medal in 1941. He received the Bharat Ratna award in 1954. (along with politician and former Governor-General of India C. Rajagopalachari and philosopher Sir Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan). He received the Lenin Peace Prize in 1957.

FAQs on C V Raman Biography

1. What is the discovery of C V Raman about?

On a boat trip back from England in 1921, Indian physicist C.V. Raman began work on a line of research that would lead to the discovery of a new scattering effect, now known as the Raman effect, in February 1928. The Raman effect is significant in Physics and Chemistry.

2. Why write a biography about CV Raman?

Writing a biography is a good way to practice research and describe a person and his legacy to mankind. CV Raman is an apt topic for biography because he was a historical figure of great importance and his legacy in the field of Mathematics and Physics is big and easily available for research.

3. Are there ways of talking about a subject other than a biographical essay?

A biographical essay is just one of the many ways of describing a person’s life. Some other forms are a documentary, a biographical movie, the life of a person written as a play or story – it can be short or long – the options are as endless as one’s creativity. Refer to the official website of Vedantu or download the app for an elaborate explanation.

4. What are the tools that one can use to make a boring biography interesting?

Writing tools that can brighten up a boring biography are figures of speech, including relevant quotes, presenting the facts in a story-telling manner, etc

5. Was CV Raman a scientist or a mathematician?

CV Raman was a Nobel Prize-winning Physicist whose exemplary work in Optics won him a place in the annals of history.

6. C V Raman is Famous For?

The Nobel Prize in Physics was awarded to C.V. Raman in 1930 for his discovery of the Raman effect, in which light passing through a substance is dispersed and the wavelength of the scattered light is altered due to an energy state transfer in the material's molecules.

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C. V. Raman

By Anna Demming

Chronicle / Alamy

Talented and ambitious from the first, for Indian physicist C. V. Raman, winning the Nobel prize for physics was not so much a distant aspiration as a career plan. He was the first person of colour and the first Asian to receive the award, following the discovery of a light scattering effect that has since become a key characterisation tool in materials science.

Physics and academia ran in Raman’s family, where he was one of eight siblings. His father was a teacher at the local high school, later moving his family to Andhra Pradesh, where he took on a position in the faculty of physics at Mrs A.V. Narasimha Rao College. Raman’s nephew Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar also showed a flair for physics, culminating in the Nobel prize in physics in 1983.

Raman’s own proficiency in physics was recognised early on. He graduated with a BA from the Presidency College at the University of Madras in 1904 aged 16, winning gold medals in both physics and English. He published his first scientific paper as a graduate student aged 18 on “Unsymmetrical diffraction-bands due to a rectangular aperture” in the British journal Philosophical Magazine in 1906.

However, health concerns caused him to forgo the chance to pursue his research in England, and he took a post as an accountant in the Indian Finance Service in Calcutta instead.

In Calcutta, he befriended Asutosh Dey and Amrita Lal Sircar, founder and secretary of the Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, and Ashutosh Mukherjee, executive member of the institute and vice chancellor of the University of Calcutta. These connections provided access to the necessary resources to continue his research in his spare time.

Despite not having formally been awarded a PhD, he began acquiring research students from the University of Calcutta in 1915, and soon after from several other institutions. He finally took a full professorship at the University of Calcutta in 1917.

Although deferred, Raman did make a trip to England, where he was elected as a fellow of the Royal Society in 1924 and knighted by the British in 1930. He later joined the Indian Institute of Science in Bangalore as its first Indian director in 1933, and founded the Indian Academy of Sciences in 1934, also publishing the academy’s proceedings.

He was appointed the first National Professor by the new government following India’s independence in 1947 and founded the Raman Research Institute in Bangalore a year later, working there until the day he died in 1970.

Discovery of the Raman effect

Some of his early work centred around music and acoustics, which, in many ways, laid the path for him to later uncover some of the mechanisms behind light-based phenomena. The first of his more famous breakthroughs came during a trip to England when he was admiring the deep blue of the Mediterranean.

Through subsequent experiments, he was able to counter the prevailing explanation at the time: that the sea’s colour was merely a reflection of the sky, an explanation offered by Lord Rayleigh, whose discoveries had explained why the sky is blue. Instead, reporting in the Proceedings of the Royal Society of London in 1922 , Raman explained that “molecular diffraction determines the observed luminosity and in great measure also its colour”.

From there followed his discovery of the Raman effect. It was actually his new research associate Kariamanikkam Srinivasa Krishnan who observed an additional scattering line in light scattered by certain liquids, which Raman first described as “feeble fluorescence”.

He then devised an early spectrograph to measure and photograph the intensity of light at different wavelengths, and was eventually able to conclude that “when matter is excited by light of one colour, the atoms contained in it emit light of two colours, one of which is different from the exciting colour and is lower down the spectrum”.

This “ Raman scattering ” is now understood to be caused primarily by molecular vibrations where the chemical bonds stretch and bend in a quantised fashion. Rotations of gas molecules and, in the case of incident light at X-ray frequencies, changes in electron energy can also contribute to Raman scattering.

Essentially, as the incident light bounces off the molecule, it either gives it energy to vibrate (Raman Stokes scattering) or takes energy from its vibrations (anti-Stokes) so that the scattered light has a component with a different frequency and direction. Because molecules can only vibrate in very specific ways, this scattering has a very characteristic spectrum, which describes the intensity of the light at different wavelengths.

In fact, materials scientists often liken it to a fingerprint. Raman signals are typically weak, but enhancement techniques using resonant structures and lightning rod type effects have made it easier to exploit for identifying materials.

Becoming a Nobel laureate

Never one to undersell his achievements, Raman was sure the discovery merited a Nobel prize, and was consequently a little miffed when the prize was awarded elsewhere in both 1928 and 1929. However, the following year he was so confident he would win, he booked tickets to attend the ceremony in July, four months before the award was announced. As it turns out his money wasn’t wasted. Raman was awarded the 1930 Nobel prize in physics “for his work on the scattering of light and for the discovery of the effect named after him”.

The award wasn’t without controversy as it was awarded to him alone, despite the contributions by his research associate Krishnan, as well as independent discoveries of the same effect by Russian physicists Grigory Landsberg and Leonid Mandelstam at Moscow University.

A further controversy unfolded over a long upheld dispute with the German physicist Max Born over the vibration spectrum of diamond, an argument where posterity has found him in the wrong. Nonetheless, he made many significant contributions to physics, and the institutions he founded and helped establish have been integral in putting India on the map in physics . National Science Day is celebrated on 28 February each year in India to mark the discovery of Raman scattering.

Full name : Sir Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman

Born : 7 November 1888, Tiruchirappalli, southern India

Died : 21 November 1970, Bangalore, aged 82

Sir Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman was an Indian physicist famous for contributions to the physics of light for which he won the Nobel prize in physics in 1930 for his discovery of the Raman effect.

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National Science Day: Who is CV Raman, remembering the legacy of a Nobel Laureate

Every year on february 28th, india celebrates national science day to commemorate the discovery of the raman effect by the renowned physicist sir cv raman.

Every year on February 28th, India celebrates National Science Day to commemorate the discovery of the Raman Effect by the renowned physicist Sir Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman, commonly known as CV Raman.

This day serves as a reminder of his ground-breaking contributions to science and technology, leaving behind a legacy that continues to inspire generations worldwide.

Born on November 7, 1888, in the city of Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, C.V. Raman exhibited an early passion for science and education. His journey towards scientific excellence began with a Bachelor's degree in Physics from Presidency College, Chennai, followed by a Master's degree from the University of Calcutta.

Subsequently, he pursued doctoral research at the University of Cambridge, where his exceptional intellect and curiosity propelled him towards remarkable discoveries.

It was during his tenure as a professor at the Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science (IACS) in Kolkata that Raman made his most significant breakthrough. In 1928, while conducting experiments on the scattering of light, he observed an unexpected phenomenon that would revolutionize the field of physics. This phenomenon, known as the Raman Effect, demonstrated the inelastic scattering of photons by molecules, providing valuable insights into molecular structure and dynamics.

The discovery of the Raman Effect earned C.V. Raman the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1930, making him the first Indian to receive this prestigious accolade. His pioneering research not only enhanced our understanding of light-matter interactions but also laid the foundation for various scientific and technological advancements in fields such as spectroscopy, materials science, and telecommunications.

Among his other notable contributions is his work on the acoustics of musical instruments, where he investigated the physics behind the sounds produced by various instruments. Additionally, Raman made significant contributions to the field of crystal physics, elucidating the behaviour of light when passing through transparent materials such as crystals and gemstones.

Beyond his scientific achievements, C.V. Raman was a visionary leader who played a pivotal role in shaping India's scientific landscape. He advocated for the establishment of research institutions and laboratories to foster scientific inquiry and innovation in the country.

His efforts led to the founding of the Indian Academy of Sciences and the Raman Research Institute, institutions that continue to uphold his legacy by promoting excellence in scientific research and education.

Furthermore, C.V. Raman was deeply committed to science outreach and education, recognising the importance of nurturing young minds and fostering a scientific temperament among the masses. He believed in the democratisation of knowledge and strived to make science accessible to all sections of society, inspiring countless individuals to pursue careers in science and engineering.

As we commemorate National Science Day, it is imperative to reflect on the enduring legacy of C.V. Raman and his invaluable contributions to the world of science. His insatiable curiosity, relentless pursuit of knowledge and unwavering dedication serve as a beacon of inspiration for scientists, researchers, and students alike.

Moreover, C.V. Raman's legacy underscores the significance of investing in scientific research and innovation as drivers of socio-economic development. By honoring his memory and celebrating his achievements, we reaffirm our commitment to fostering a culture of scientific inquiry, creativity, and excellence in India and beyond.

National Science Day serves as a fitting tribute to the remarkable legacy of C.V. Raman, whose brilliance and passion continue to illuminate the path of scientific discovery. As we pay homage to this visionary Nobel Laureate, let us renew our commitment to advancing the frontiers of science and building a brighter future for generations to come.

(Author C Shoban Babu is Science Teacher and Incharge - Atal Tinkering Lab, Sree Vidyanikethan. Views are personal)

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Essay On C V Raman – 10 Lines, Short and Long Essay For Children & Students

Key Points to Remember When Writing an Essay on C V Raman

10 lines on c v raman, a paragraph on c v raman, short essay on c v raman, long essay on c v raman for kids, what will your child learn from the essay on c v raman.

Writing an essay is like setting on a journey of discovery, especially for school kids. It’s a wonderful way to explore new ideas, express thoughts, and learn about remarkable personalities who have shaped our world. Today, we’ll delve into an essay on CV Raman in English, a topic that not only educates but also inspires young minds. C V Raman, a name synonymous with brilliance in the field of science, has been a source of fascination and inspiration for students across the globe. Writing an essay for school kids on such a luminary not only enhances their knowledge but also kindles a spark of curiosity and admiration for the wonders of science and the people behind these discoveries. So, let’s begin our delightful journey through the life and accomplishments of Sir C V Raman, a Nobel laureate whose work continues to illuminate the world of physics.

Writing an essay on a distinguished personality like Sir C V Raman can be an enlightening experience. It’s crucial to present information in a way that’s both informative and captivating, especially for young minds. Here are some key points to keep in mind to make your essay on CV Raman engaging and informative:

• Understand the Subject: Before you begin writing, make sure you have a good grasp of who C V Raman was. Research his life, his discoveries, and why he is such a significant figure in science.
• Structure Your Essay: Organize your essay with a clear introduction, body, and conclusion. The introduction should set the tone and give a brief overview of CV Raman. The body should cover his life, achievements, and contributions in detail, while the conclusion should summarize his impact and legacy.
• Use Simple Language: Remember, your audience is primarily school children. Use simple, easy-to-understand language.
• Incorporate Interesting Facts: To make your essay more engaging, include interesting facts about CV Raman’s life and discoveries. This could be anecdotes about his experiments or lesser-known facts about his personal life.
• Explain Scientific Concepts Clearly: If you discuss the Raman Effect or other scientific concepts, explain them in a way that is easy for children to understand. Use analogies or simple examples.
• Highlight His Achievements: Discuss the awards and recognitions received by CV Raman, including the Nobel Prize in Physics, to inspire and motivate young readers.
• Mention His Legacy: Conclude by talking about how CV Raman’s work continues to influence modern science. This could include his impact on research or how he inspires current scientists .
• Proofread and Edit: Ensure your essay is free from grammatical errors and is well-edited. A well-written essay is more engaging and easier to understand.
• Add Personal Reflections: If possible, include personal reflections or thoughts on how CV Raman’s work or character inspires you. This adds a personal touch to your essay, making it more relatable for young readers.

Exploring the life of a great scientist can be both educational and exciting, especially for younger students. In our 10 lines about CV Raman, we aim to capture the essence of his achievements in a concise yet engaging way. This section is particularly tailored as an essay for lower primary classes, offering a simple yet informative glimpse into the life of this renowned physicist.

• C V Raman was a renowned Indian physicist, born on November 7, 1888, in Tiruchirapalli, India.
• He showed an early interest in science and was a brilliant student throughout his academic career.
• Raman completed his college education at a very young age and started his research in the field of physics.
• He is most famous for his groundbreaking work in the field of light scattering, known as the ‘Raman Effect’.
• For his discovery of the Raman Effect, he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1930.
• His work helped scientists understand more about how light interacts with matter.
• Apart from the Nobel Prize, he received numerous other awards and honors for his contributions to science.
• Raman was also a professor and mentor, inspiring many young scientists in India and abroad.
• He founded the Raman Research Institute in Bangalore, where he continued his research until his death.
• C V Raman passed away on November 21, 1970, but his legacy continues to inspire scientists and students around the world.

Delving into the lives of eminent scientists not only enriches our knowledge but also inspires us. In this section, we’ll craft an essay in 100 words about Sir C V Raman, focusing on his major contributions and the impact he had on the world of science. This succinct paragraph aims to capture the essence of Raman’s life, making it an ideal read for anyone looking to understand his significance in a brief yet comprehensive manner.

Sir C V Raman, an Indian physicist and Nobel laureate, was a pioneering figure in the world of science. Born in 1888, he displayed exceptional academic brilliance from a young age. His most notable contribution, the ‘Raman Effect’, which he discovered in 1928, revolutionized the understanding of light and matter interaction. This groundbreaking discovery earned him the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1930, making him the first Asian to receive this honor in the field of science. Raman was not only a scientist but also an educator, inspiring many through his teachings and research. His legacy continues to influence contemporary physics, making him a towering figure in scientific history. His life and work remain a source of inspiration for aspiring scientists worldwide, illustrating the power of curiosity and perseverance.

Exploring the achievements of great scientists is not only informative but also deeply inspiring. In this short essay in 200 words, we aim to shed light on the life and legacy of Sir C V Raman, an extraordinary physicist whose discoveries have left an indelible mark on science. This concise essay is designed to provide a comprehensive overview of his life’s work and its significance.

Sir Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman, more commonly known as C V Raman, was a figure who revolutionized the understanding of light and its behavior. Born in 1888 in the then British India, Raman displayed an early passion for science, leading him to a career that would be marked by extraordinary achievements. His most significant contribution came in the form of the ‘Raman Effect’, a phenomenon in light scattering that he discovered in 1928. This discovery not only earned him the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1930, but it also put India on the global map of scientific research.

Raman’s work extended beyond just theoretical physics; he was deeply involved in practical research and teaching. He founded the Raman Research Institute in Bangalore, where he nurtured future generations of scientists. His passion for science was contagious, inspiring many young minds to pursue careers in research. Raman’s legacy is not limited to his scientific contributions; he left behind a legacy of curiosity, dedication, and a relentless pursuit of knowledge. His life story is a testament to the power of perseverance and passion in achieving greatness. As we reflect on his contributions, Raman’s story continues to inspire and motivate scientists and students alike, making him an enduring figure in the annals of scientific history.

Exploring the life of a legendary scientist like Sir C V Raman is an exciting adventure into the world of discovery and innovation. This long essay, spanning 400-600 words, is specifically crafted for kids to understand and appreciate the extraordinary journey of C V Raman. From his early years to his groundbreaking discoveries and notable achievements, this essay provides a comprehensive look into the life of a man who changed the way we understand light.

Early Life and Education

C V Raman was born on November 7, 1888, in Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India. From a young age, Raman exhibited a deep interest in science and an exceptional intellectual capacity. He breezed through his schooling, often topping his class and showing a particular fondness for physics and mathematics. His academic brilliance led him to Presidency College, Madras, where he completed his degree in physics at the age of 16. Despite the lack of advanced scientific facilities in India at the time, Raman’s passion for physics didn’t wane. He initially took a job in the Indian Finance Department but continued to engage in scientific research in his free time, demonstrating his unwavering dedication to science.

Greatest Discoveries

The most significant of C V Raman’s discoveries was undoubtedly the ‘Raman Effect’. This phenomenon, discovered in 1928, dealt with the scattering of light and revealed new insights into the nature of light. Raman discovered that when light traverses a transparent material, some of the deflected light changes in wavelength. This discovery was groundbreaking as it provided a new tool for analyzing the molecular structure of materials. The ‘Raman Effect’ has since become a fundamental principle in the field of spectroscopy, impacting various scientific disciplines.

Achievements of C V Raman

The Nobel Prize in Physics was awarded to him in 1930 for his groundbreaking discovery of the Raman Effect, marking him as the inaugural Asian laureate in the field of science. But his accolades don’t stop there. In 1954, Raman received the Bharat Ratna, the most prestigious civilian honor in India. He also received knighthood in 1929. Beyond these honors, Raman’s greatest achievement was perhaps his role in enhancing scientific research in India. He established the Indian Academy of Sciences and the Raman Research Institute, which became hubs for scientific study and research in India, nurturing numerous young scientists and making significant contributions to the field of physics.

C V Raman passed away on November 21, 1970, at the age of 82. His death marked the end of an era in Indian science. However, his legacy continues to live on through his discoveries, his contributions to scientific institutions, and the inspiration he provides to generations of scientists. Raman’s life story is not just about scientific discovery; it is a story of perseverance, passion, and an unquenchable thirst for knowledge. His journey from a curious child to a Nobel laureate serves as an inspiration to children and adults alike, reminding us that with dedication and hard work, anyone can reach the stars.

Through this essay, kids can learn not only about the scientific achievements of C V Raman but also about the qualities that make a great scientist. His story teaches us the importance of curiosity, persistence, and the desire to explore the unknown. C V Raman’s life is a beacon of inspiration, encouraging young minds to dream big and pursue their passions with determination.

Through the essay on C V Raman, children will embark on an inspiring journey that transcends mere facts and dates. In this brief summary of CV Raman’s life, readers will discover the significance of persistence, the impact of curiosity, and the transformative potential of an individual’s unwavering commitment to scientific exploration, resulting in revolutionary breakthroughs with global implications. This essay not only educates young minds about a legendary scientist but also instills values of hard work, passion, and the endless possibilities that come with pursuing one’s dreams.

1. How to explain Raman Effects to your child?

The Raman Effect can be explained to children as a special way light behaves, changing slightly when it passes through different materials, like a secret code that tells us what the material is made of.

2. How to use Raman Effects in day-to-day life? 

Raman Effect is used in everyday life mainly through technologies in devices like barcode scanners and in scientific research to understand the composition of materials.

The essay on C V Raman offers a comprehensive insight into the life of a pioneering scientist, blending scientific achievements with valuable life lessons. It serves as a source of inspiration for children, highlighting the importance of curiosity, perseverance, and the pursuit of knowledge. Through this exploration, young minds are encouraged to dream big and understand the impact one individual can have on the world through dedication and passion for science.

References:

1. Singh. R, C. V. Raman and the Discovery of the Raman Effect (Physics in Perspective); Research Gate; https://www.researchgate.net/publication/226927241_C_V_Raman_and_the_Discovery_of_the_Raman_Effect ; December 2002

2. C.V. Raman and the Raman Effect; American Chemical Society; https://www.acs.org/education/whatischemistry/landmarks/ramaneffect.html

3. Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman, 1888-1970 – Journals; Royal Society; https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/pdf/10.1098/rsbm.1971.0022

4. Sir Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman Biographical; The Nobel Prize; https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1930/raman/biographical/

5. Jayaraman. A; Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman; Indian Academy of Sciences; https://www.ias.ac.in/public/Resources/Other_Publications/e-Publications/003/Chandrasekhara_Venkata_Raman.pdf

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National Science Day: The Raman Effect, which CV Raman won the Nobel for

In 1986, the government of india designated february 28 as national science day, to commemorate the announcement of the discovery of the “raman effect”. here is more about cv raman and his groundbreaking discovery..

In 1986, the Government of India, under then Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi, designated February 28 as National Science Day to commemorate the announcement of the discovery of the “Raman Effect”.

This was the discovery which won physicist Sir CV Raman his Nobel Prize in 1930. Conducting a deceptively simple experiment, Raman discovered that when a stream of light passes through a liquid, a fraction of the light scattered by the liquid is of a different colour. This discovery was immediately recognised as groundbreaking in the scientific community, being the subject of over 700 papers in the first seven years after its announcement.

What is the “Raman Effect”? Why is it so important? Most importantly, who was the man behind this momentous discovery?

A young prodigy conducting after-hours research

Raman was born to a family of Sanskrit scholars in Trichy (present-day Tiruchirapalli) in the Madras Presidency in 1888. At the age of only 16, He received a BA degree from Presidency College in Madras, and was placed first in his class. While studying for his MA degree, at the age of 18, he got published in the Philosophical Magazine: this was the first research paper ever published by Presidency College.

Due to his ill health, he was unable to travel abroad for further education. Thus, in 1907, he got married and settled down in Calcutta as an assistant accountant general. While still a full-time civil servant, Raman began after-hours research at the Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science (IACS). Raman raised the profile of IACS, doing some award-winning research as well as conducting public demonstrations with charisma. At the age of 29, he finally resigned from his civil services job and took up a professorship in Presidency College, Calcutta.

A voyage across the ocean leads to interest in the scattering of light

By 1921, CV Raman had gained a solid reputation as a top scientific mind both in India and in the West. That year, he made his first journey to England. It was on the return journey that Raman would make an observation that would change his life and science forever.

While passing through the Mediterranean Sea, Raman was most fascinated by the sea’s deep blue colour. Dissatisfied with the then-accepted answer (“the colour of the sea was just a reflection of the colour of the sky”), his curious mind delved deeper.

He soon found out that the colour of the sea was the result of the scattering of sunlight by the water molecules. Fascinated by the phenomenon of light-scattering, Raman and his collaborators in Calcutta began to conduct extensive scientific experiments on the matter – experiments that would eventually lead to his eponymous discovery.

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The Raman Effect

Simply put, the Raman Effect refers to the phenomenon in which when a stream of light passes through a liquid, a fraction of the light scattered by the liquid is of a different colour. This happens due to the change in the wavelength of light that occurs when a light beam is deflected by molecules.

In general, when light interacts with an object, it can either be reflected, refracted or transmitted. One of the things that scientists look at when light is scattered is if the particle it interacts with is able to change its energy. The Raman Effect is when the change in the energy of the light is affected by the vibrations of the molecule or material under observation, leading to a change in its wavelength.

In their first report to Nature, titled “A New Type of Secondary Radiation,” CV Raman and co-author KS Krishnan wrote that 60 different liquids had been studied, and all showed the same result – a tiny fraction of scattered light had a different colour than the incident light. “It is thus,” Raman said, “a phenomenon whose universal nature has to be recognised.”

Raman would go on to verify these observations using a spectroscope, publishing the quantitative findings in the Indian Journal of Physics on March 31, 1928.

The importance of the discovery

CV Raman’s discovery took the world by storm as it had deep implications far beyond Raman’s original intentions. As Raman himself remarked in his 1930 Nobel Prize speech, “The character of the scattered radiations enables us to obtain an insight into the ultimate structure of the scattering substance.” For quantum theory, in vogue in the scientific world at the time, Raman’s discovery was crucial.

The discovery would also find its use in chemistry, giving birth to a new field known as Raman spectroscopy as a basic analytical tool to conduct nondestructive chemical analysis for both organic and inorganic compounds. With the invention of lasers and the capabilities to concentrate much stronger beams of light, the uses of Raman spectroscopy have only ballooned over time.

Today, this method has a wide variety of applications, from studying art and other objects of cultural importance in a non-invasive fashion to finding drugs hidden inside luggage at customs.

This is an updated version of an explainer first published last year.

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C.V. Raman Biography: Early Life,Family, Education, Career, Awards and Achievements

Cv rama biography: november 7 marks the birth anniversary of the great scientist cv raman. he was a physicist, nobel laureate, and bharat ratna recipient who was instrumental in india’s growth in the fields of science and physics. let us read more about c.v. raman, his childhood days, education, family, discoveries, awards, and achievements.      .

National Science Day 2023: Every year, November 7 commemorates the birth of Indian physicist Sir Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman. He discovered the Raman Effect on February 28, 1928, and for this discovery, he was honoured with the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1930.

This article includes instances from his birth, early life, career, various achievements, and more.

C.V Raman: Biography

C.V. Raman, or Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman, was born on November 7, 1888, at Tiruchirappalli in southern India. His father was a lecturer in mathematics and physics. At a young age, he was exposed to an academic environment. His contribution to science and innovative research helped India and the world. 

Dr. Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman (C.V. Raman): Early Life and Family

Dr. C.V. Raman was born on November 7, 1888, in a South Indian Brahmin family in Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu. His father's name was Chandrasekhara Ramanathan Iyer. He was a lecturer in mathematics and physics at a college in Vishakhapatnam. His mother's name was Parvathi Ammal.

C. V. Raman has been an intelligent student since his early childhood. At the age of 11, he passed his matriculation and 12th grade on a scholarship. In 1902, he joined the Presidency College and received his graduate degree in 1904. At that time, he was the only student who received the first division. He has a Master's in Physics from the same college and broke all the previous records.  In 1907, he married Lokasundari Ammal and had two sons, namely Chandrasekhar and Radhakrishnan.

Dr. Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman (C.V. Raman): Career

Because of his father's interest, he appeared for the Financial Civil Services (FCS) examination and topped it. In 1907, he went to Calcutta (now Kolkata) and joined as an assistant accountant general. But in his spare time, he went to the laboratory to do research at the Indian Association for Cultivation of Sciences. Let us tell you that, his job was very hectic, and he also continued his research work at night due to his core interest in science.

Though the facilities available in the laboratory were very limited, he continued his research and published his findings in leading international journals, including 'Nature', 'The Philosophical Magazine', 'Physics Review', etc. At that time, his research was focused on the areas of vibrations and acoustics.

He got an opportunity to join the University of Calcutta in 1917 as the first Palit Professor of Physics. After 15 years at Calcutta, he became a Professor at the Indian Institute of Science at Bangalore from 1933 to 1948 and since 1948, he has been the Director of the Raman Institute of Research at Bangalore which was established and endowed by him only.

Dr. Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman (C.V. Raman): Works and Discovery

He established the Indian Journal of Physics in 1926 where he was the editor. He also sponsored the establishment of the Indian Academy of Sciences and served as the President since its inception. He was the President of the Current Science Association in Bangalore, which publishes Current Science (India).

In 1928, he wrote an article on the theory of musical instruments for the 8th Volume of the Handbuch der Physik. He published his work on the "Molecular Diffraction of Light" in 1922 which led to his ultimate discovery of the radiation effect on February 28, 1928, and earned him the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1930. He became the first Indian to receive a Nobel Prize.

Other research carried out by Dr. C.V. Raman was on the diffraction of light by acoustic waves of ultrasonic and hypersonic frequencies and the effects produced by X-rays on infrared vibrations in crystals exposed to ordinary light.

In 1948, he also studied the fundamental problems of crystal dynamics. His laboratory has been dealing with the structure and properties of diamonds, and the structure and optical behaviour of numerous iridescent substances like pearls, agate, opal, etc.

He was also interested in the optics of colloids, electrical and magnetic anisotropy, and the physiology of human vision.

No doubt, he was honoured with a large number of doctorates and memberships in scientific societies. In 1924, he was also elected as a Fellow of the Royal Society early in his career and was knighted in 1929.

As briefly described he is best known for discovering the 'Raman Effect' or the theory related to the scattering of light. He showed that when light traverses a transparent material, some of the deflected light changes its wavelength.

Dr. Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman (C.V. Raman): Awards and Honours

- In 1924, he was elected as a Fellow of the Royal Society early in his career and was knighted in 1929.

- He won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1930.

- He was awarded the Franklin Medal in 1941.

- He was awarded the Bharat Ratna in 1954, the highest civilian award in India.

- In 1957, he was awarded the Lenin Peace Prize.

- The American Chemical Society and the Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science in 1998 recognised Raman's discovery as an International Historic Chemical Landmark.

- On 28 February every year, India celebrates National Science Day to commemorate the discovery of the Raman Effect in 1928 in his honour.

In 1970, he received a major heart attack while working in the laboratory. He took his last breath at the Raman Research Institute on 21st November 1970.

Dr. C.V. Raman was one of the great legends from India whose hard work and determination made India proud and became the first Indian to receive a Nobel Prize in Physics. He proved that, if a person wants to pursue his/her desires nobody can stop. His interest in science and dedication towards research work made him discover the Raman Effect. He will always be remembered as a great Scientist, Physicist, and Nobel laureate.

Get here current GK and GK quiz questions in English and Hindi for India , World, Sports and Competitive exam preparation. Download the Jagran Josh Current Affairs App .

• Why is National Science Day celebrated? + NationalScience Day is observed on 28 February to commemorate the discovery of the 'Raman Effect'. In 1986, the Government of India designated 28 February as National Science Day (NSD). On this Day, Sir Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman, also known as CV Raman announced the discovery of the 'Raman Effect' for which he was awarded the Nobel Prize in 1930.
• When is National Science Day observed? + Every year on 28 February, National Science Day is celebrated to pay tribute to the Nobel Laureate Dr. C.V. Raman.
• When did C.V. Raman die? + Sir Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman (C.V. Raman) died on 21 November 1970.
• When and Why was C.V. Raman awarded with Nobel Prize? + Sir Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman (C.V. Raman) won Nobel Prize in Physics in 1930 for his work on the scattering of light and for the discovery of the effect named after him that is the Raman Effect.
• What is the full name of C.V. Raman? + C.V. Raman full name is Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman. He was born at Tiruchirappalli in Southern India on 7 November 1888.
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CV Raman Essay – 10 Lines, 500 & 1000 Words

CV Raman Essay in English: The CV Raman essay delves into the life and accomplishments of the renowned Indian physicist, Sir Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman. Exploring his early life, educational journey, and groundbreaking work in the field of physics, the CV Raman Essay highlights Raman’s significant contributions, particularly his discovery of the Raman Effect.

It sheds light on his scientific legacy, accolades, and the impact of his research on the understanding of light and molecular interactions. This CV Raman Essay provides a compelling narrative of CV Raman’s life, celebrating his remarkable achievements in the realm of science.

Table of Contents

Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman Essay in 10 Lines

The CV Raman Essay provides a concise overview of the life and groundbreaking contributions of the renowned Indian physicist, Sir CV Raman , focusing on his early life, education, and the revolutionary discovery of the Raman Effect, showcasing his lasting impact on the field of physics and scientific understanding.

• Sir Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman, born in 1888, was an eminent Indian physicist.
• Raman made a groundbreaking discovery known as the Raman Effect in 1928.
• He demonstrated the scattering of light, leading to significant advancements in physics.
• Raman was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1930 for his remarkable contribution.
• As the Director of the Indian Institute of Science, he played a crucial role in scientific education.
• Raman’s work extended to acoustics, optics, and other fields of science.
• His commitment to research and education left an enduring impact on Indian science.
• Raman was honored with the Bharat Ratna, India’s highest civilian award, in 1954.
• He served as the President of the Indian Science Congress and the Royal Society of London.
• CV Raman’s legacy continues to inspire scientists worldwide, and his contributions remain pivotal in the history of physics.

Also See – Lal Bahadur Shastri Essay – 10 Lines, 100, 500, 1000 Words

Short Essay on CV Raman in English

The short essay on CV Raman provides a succinct overview of the life and groundbreaking contributions of the Indian physicist, Sir CV Raman, focusing on his discovery of the Raman Effect and its impact on the field of physics.

Sir Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman, born on 7 November 1888, was a distinguished Indian physicist renowned for his groundbreaking discovery of the Raman Effect in 1928. This phenomenon, demonstrating the scattering of light, revolutionized the field of physics and earned him the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1930.

Raman’s influential work extended to various scientific disciplines, and he played a pivotal role in scientific education as the Director of the Indian Institute of Science. His enduring legacy, marked by accolades such as the Bharat Ratna, continues to inspire scientists globally, making CV Raman a luminary in the history of physics. Sir C.V. Raman passed away on November 21, 1970, leaving an indelible mark on the world of physics.

Sir CV Raman Essay in 500 Words

The 500-word essay on CV Raman offers a detailed exploration of the life, contributions, and enduring legacy of the eminent Indian physicist, Sir Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman, focusing on his revolutionary discovery of the Raman Effect and its profound impact on the field of physics.

Sir Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman, a luminary in the realm of physics, left an indelible mark on the scientific landscape through his groundbreaking work, notably the discovery of the Raman Effect. Born on November 7, 1888, in Tiruchirapalli, India, Raman’s journey unfolded against the backdrop of colonial India.

From an early age, Raman exhibited a keen interest in science. His academic prowess led him to pursue studies at Presidency College in Madras, where he delved into the realms of physics and eventually earned his master’s degree in 1907. Despite facing financial constraints, Raman’s passion for knowledge propelled him forward, and he soon embarked on a career marked by brilliance.

Raman’s early professional life saw him working as an Assistant Accountant General in the Indian Finance Service. However, his true calling lay in scientific inquiry, and in 1917, he joined the renowned Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science (IACS) in Kolkata. This marked the beginning of a prolific scientific career that would significantly impact the understanding of light and molecular interactions.

The pivotal moment in Raman’s career occurred in 1928 when he made the groundbreaking discovery that would define his legacy—the Raman Effect. Through meticulous experimentation, Raman observed the scattering of light in a liquid, unveiling a phenomenon that fundamentally changed the understanding of how light interacts with matter. This discovery had profound implications for the study of molecular structures and laid the foundation for a new branch of science known as Raman spectroscopy.

The scientific community swiftly recognized the significance of Raman’s work. In 1930, he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics, making him the first Asian and only the second non-white individual to receive this prestigious honor. Raman’s groundbreaking contribution to physics not only brought him international acclaim but also solidified his status as a scientific luminary.

Apart from his scientific pursuits, Raman was deeply invested in scientific education and research in India. In 1933, he assumed the directorship of the Indian Institute of Science in Bangalore, where he played a pivotal role in fostering scientific research and education. His leadership and commitment to excellence left an enduring impact on the institution and contributed to the development of scientific capabilities in the country.

The latter part of Raman’s career saw him delve into diverse scientific interests, including acoustics, optics, and the physiology of human vision. His multidisciplinary approach reflected his insatiable curiosity and commitment to advancing knowledge across various domains.

Raman’s contributions were not confined to the laboratory; he actively engaged in public discourse on scientific matters. He served as the President of the Indian Science Congress and the Royal Society of London, further emphasizing his dedication to the advancement of scientific understanding on a global scale.

In recognition of his exceptional service to science and the nation, Raman was conferred with the Bharat Ratna, India’s highest civilian award, in 1954. His legacy continues to resonate through the countless scientists inspired by his work and the enduring impact of the Raman Effect in fields ranging from chemistry to biology and materials science.

Sir CV Raman passed away on November 21, 1970, but his legacy lives on. His life and work exemplify the power of scientific inquiry, perseverance, and the transformative impact of one individual’s dedication to advancing knowledge for the benefit of humanity.

CV Raman Essay in 1000 Words in English

The 1000-word essay on CV Raman provides a comprehensive exploration of the life, scientific contributions, and enduring legacy of the eminent Indian physicist, Sir Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman, focusing on his revolutionary discovery of the Raman Effect and its profound impact on the field of physics.

Sir CV Raman: Illuminating the Path of Scientific Discovery

Introduction

Sir Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman, born on November 7, 1888, in Tiruchirapalli, India, emerged as a preeminent figure in the world of physics. His journey from a modest background to becoming a Nobel laureate showcases a relentless pursuit of scientific knowledge and an unwavering commitment to advancing the understanding of light and molecular interactions.

Early Life and Education

Raman’s formative years were marked by an innate curiosity and a passion for science. His academic journey commenced at Presidency College in Madras, where he immersed himself in the study of physics. Despite financial challenges, Raman’s dedication saw him complete his master’s degree in 1907, setting the stage for a remarkable career.

Transition to Scientific Career

While Raman initially worked in the Indian Finance Service, his true calling beckoned him toward scientific research. In 1917, he joined the Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science (IACS) in Kolkata, marking the beginning of a prolific scientific journey.

The Pioneering Discovery

In 1928, Raman made a groundbreaking discovery that would revolutionize the field of physics—the Raman Effect. Through meticulous experimentation, he observed the scattering of light in a liquid, unraveling a phenomenon that would redefine the understanding of how light interacts with matter. This discovery laid the foundation for Raman spectroscopy and opened new avenues in the study of molecular structures.

Significance of the Raman Effect

The Raman Effect’s significance extended far beyond the laboratory. Raman spectroscopy became a powerful tool for analyzing chemical composition, molecular structures, and biological materials. Its applications spanned diverse fields, including chemistry, biology, and materials science, contributing to advancements in various scientific disciplines.

Nobel Prize in Physics (1930)

Raman’s pioneering work did not go unnoticed. In 1930, he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics, a testament to the global recognition of his groundbreaking contributions. He became the first Asian and only the second non-white individual to receive this prestigious honor, solidifying his status as a scientific luminary.

Leadership at the Indian Institute of Science

In 1933, Raman assumed the directorship of the Indian Institute of Science (IISc) in Bangalore. His tenure was marked by a commitment to fostering scientific research and education in India. Raman’s leadership played a pivotal role in shaping the institution and cultivating a conducive environment for scientific inquiry.

Diversification of Scientific Interests

While Raman’s fame rested on the Raman Effect, his scientific interests were far-reaching. He explored acoustics, optics, and the physiology of human vision, showcasing a multidisciplinary approach to scientific inquiry. This diversification reflected his insatiable curiosity and contributed to advancements in various scientific domains.

Public Engagement and Leadership Roles

Raman was not confined to the laboratory; he actively engaged in public discourse on scientific matters. He served as the President of the Indian Science Congress and the Royal Society of London, underscoring his commitment to advancing scientific understanding on both national and international platforms.

Bharat Ratna and National Recognition

In 1954, Raman was honored with the Bharat Ratna, India’s highest civilian award, in recognition of his exceptional service to science and the nation. This acknowledgment highlighted the profound impact of his contributions and the role he played in elevating India’s standing in the global scientific community.

Legacy and Continuing Impact

Sir CV Raman’s legacy transcends generations. His life and work exemplify the power of scientific inquiry, perseverance, and the transformative impact of an individual’s dedication to advancing knowledge. The Raman Effect continues to influence scientific research, with applications ranging from fundamental physics to practical technologies.

In conclusion, Sir CV Raman’s life and contributions stand as a testament to the boundless possibilities of scientific discovery. From the humble classrooms of Presidency College to the global stage of the Nobel Prize, Raman’s journey reflects the power of curiosity, dedication, and a relentless pursuit of knowledge. The Raman Effect not only reshaped the landscape of physics but also illuminated a path for future generations of scientists, ensuring that Sir CV Raman’s impact endures as a guiding light in the annals of scientific history.

The CV Raman Essay encapsulates the remarkable journey of a scientific luminary whose pioneering spirit reshaped the contours of physics. From the transformative discovery of the Raman Effect to his leadership roles and national recognition, Sir CV Raman’s legacy endures as a beacon of inspiration.

His unwavering commitment to scientific inquiry, coupled with his enduring impact on education and research, cements Raman’s status as a visionary whose brilliance continues to illuminate the path for future generations in the pursuit of knowledge.

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Short Essay on CV Raman (Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman)

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CV raman biography in essay more than 100 words in english here we have 10 lines about CV Raman or more. This paragraph is all about CV Raman (Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman)

Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman was born at Trichinopoly in Southern India ON November 7th, 1888 . His father was a lecturer in mathematics and physics so that from the first he was immersed in an academic atmosphere.

He entered Presidency College, Madras in 1902 , and in 1904 passed his B.A. examination , winning the first place and the gold medal in physics, in 1907 he gained his M.A. degree , obtaining the highest distinctions . His earliest researches in optics and acoustics – the two fields of investigation to which he has dedicated his entire career – were carried out while he was a student.

Since at that time a scientific career did not appear to present the best possibilities, Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman joined the Indian Finance Department in 1907 : though the duties of his office took most of his time, Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman found opportunities for carrying on experimental research in laboratory of the Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science at Calcutta (of which he became Honorary Secretary in 1919 ).

Short Essay on C.V Raman in English paragraph

In 1971 he was offered the newly endowed Palit Chair of Physics at Calcutta University and decided to accept it. After 15 years at Calcutta , he became Professor at the Indian Institute of Science at Banglore (1933-1948), and since 1948 he is Director of the Raman Institute of research at Banglore , established and endowed by himself.

He also founded the Indian Journal of Physics in 1926 , of which he is the Editor. Raman sponsored the Establishment of the Indian Academy of Sciences and has served as President since its inception.

He also initiated the Proceedings of that academy, in which much of his work has been published, and in President of the Current Science Association, Bangalore, which publishes Current Science (India).

10 lines about CV Raman

Some of Raman’s early memoirs appeared as (10 lines about CV Raman)

• Bulletins of the Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science.
• He contributed an article on the theory of musical instrument to the 8th Volume of the Handbuch der Physik, 1928.
• In 1922 he published his work on the “Molecular Diffraction of Light” , the first of the series of investigations with his collaborators which ultimately led to his discovery,
• on the 28th of February , 1928 of the radiation effect which bears his name ( “A new radiation”, Indian J.Phys., 2 (1928) 387), and which gained him to 1930 Nobel Prize in Physics.
• Other investigations carried out by Raman were: his experimental and theoretical studies on the diffraction of light by acoustic waves of ultrasonic and hypersonic frequencies (published 1934-1942), and those on the effects produced by X-ray on infrared vibration in crystals exposed to ordinary light.
• In 1948 Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman, through studying the spectroscopic behaviour of crystals, approached in a new manner fundamental problems of crystal dynamics,
• His laboratory has been dealing with the structure and properties of diamond, the structure and optical behaviour of numerous iridescent substances ( labradorite, pearly felspar, agate, opal, and pearls ).
• Among his other interests have been the optics of colloids, electrical and magnetic anisotropy, and the physiology of human vision.
• Raman has been honoured with a large number of honorary doctorates and memberships of scientific societies.
• He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society early in his career (1924) , and was knighted in 1929.

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CV Raman Essay | Essay on CV Raman for Students and Children in English

CV Raman Essay: Steeped in intellectual thought with an illustrious eye for detail, he represented India’s scientific temper. He is the first Asian and the foremost Indian to win the Nobel Prize in Physics. Most importantly, he did this at a time when India was little known in the field of Sciences. A man of immense calibre and a pool of talent, he can be none other than Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman. – The Intellectual Gem

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Long and Short Essays on CV Raman for Kids and Students in English

Given below are two essays in English for students and children about the topic of ‘CV Raman’ in both long and short form. The first essay is a long essay on the CV Raman of 400-500 words. This long essay about CV Raman is suitable for students of class 7, 8, 9 and 10, and also for competitive exam aspirants. The second essay is a short essay on CV Raman of 150-200 words. These are suitable for students and children in class 6 and below.

Long Essay on CV Raman 500 Words in English

Below we have given a long essay on CV Raman of 500 words is helpful for classes 7, 8, 9 and 10 and Competitive Exam Aspirants. This long essay on the topic is suitable for students of class 7 to class 10, and also for competitive exam aspirants.

Born at Trichinopoly in Tamil Nadu on 7th November, 1888, his father was a lecturer in Mathematics and Physics, in Mrs AV Narasimha Rao College, Visakhapatnam, and later joined Presidency College, Madras. His maternal grandfather was a Sanskrit scholar, well versed in ‘navya nyaya’ or modern logic.

So, from an early age, he was immersed in an academic atmosphere. He was a diligent student. He entered the Presidency College, Madras, in 1902, and in 1904 passed his BA examination, winning the first place and a gold medal in Physics. In 1907, he gained his MA degree, obtaining the highest distinctions. His earliest researches in optics and acoustics—the two fields of investigation to which he dedicated his entire career were carried out while he was a student. Since at that time a scientific career did not appear to offer the best possibilities, Raman joined the Indian Finance Department in 1907. Though the duties of his office took most of his time, Raman found opportunities for carrying on experimental researches in the laboratory of the Indian Association for the Cultivation of Sciences at Calcutta.

In 1917, he was offered the newly endowed Palit Chair of Physics at Calcutta University, and decided to accept it. Raman’s main research was focussed on acoustics and musical instruments, and led to his election as fellow of the Royal Society in 1924. It was during a trip to England in 1921 that he was fascinated by the blue colour of the Mediterranean.

With a very simple experiment, he convinced himself that the blue colour of the sea was not only due to the reflection of the sky, as proposed by Lord Rayleigh, but mainly due to the scattering of light by water molecules. On his return to Calcutta, he began a systematic study of the scattering of light by different liquids, culminating in the discovery of a totally new kind of radiation, predicted by the quantum theory and named after him.

There Raman radiations carry vital information about the internal structure of the scattering molecules, and have proved to be of immense importance in studying molecular structures. His efforts finally paid off when he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1930, the first to be ever won by an Indian. Thereafter, he became the Honorary Secretary of the Indian Association for the Cultivation of Sciences. After 15 years in Calcutta, he became Professor at the Indian Institute of Science at Bangalore (1933-1948) and in 1948, he became the Director of the Raman Institute of Research at Bangalore, established and endowed by himself. He also founded the Indian Journal of Physics in 1926, of which he was the Editor.

Raman sponsored the establishment of the Indian Academy of Sciences and served as its President since its inception. He was also the President of the Current Science Association, Bangalore, which publishes Current Science. (India)

Raman has done credible work in his field and his early memoirs appeared as Bulletins of the Indian Association for the Cultivation of Sciences. These dealt with the maintenance of vibrations and the theory of musical instruments of the violin family. In 1922, he published his work on the ‘Molecular Diffraction of Light’, the first of a series of investigations with his collaborators which ultimately led to the discovery, on 28th February, 1928, of the radiation effect, which is named after him. This work bagged him the 1930 Nobel Prize in Physics.

Some other investigations which propelled the world of science during his time were the experimental and the theoretical studies on the diffraction of light by acoustic waves of Ultrasonic and Hypersonic frequencies. In 1932, he and Suri Bhagavantam discovered quantum photon spin. During his term at IISc, he admitted the talented electrical engineering student, GN Ramachandran, who went on to become a recognised X-ray crystallographer.

Short Essay on CV Raman 200 Words in English

Below we have given a short essay on CV Raman is for Classes 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6. This short essay on the topic is suitable for students of class 6 and below.

In 1948, Raman, through studying the spectroscopic behaviour of crystals, approached fundamental problems of crystal dynamics in a new manner. His laboratory has been dealing with the structures and properties of diamond, the structure of optical behaviour of numerous iridescent substances like opal and pearls.

This luminous star in the firmament of the scientific fraternity has been honoured with a large number of honorary doctorates and memberships of scientific societies. He was elected as a fellow of the Royal Society in 1924 and knighted in 1929. In 1941, he was awarded the Franklin Medal. In 1954, he was conferred upon, the Bharat Ratna. He got the Lenin Peace Prize in 1957.

Another big honour was that the American Chemical Society and IACS recognised his discovery as an International Historic Chemical Landmark. India celebrates National Science Day every year on 28th February to remember the discovery of Raman effect that took place in 1928.

At the end of October, 1970, he collapsed in his laboratory. Doctors gave him four hours to live. He survived and asked to be shifted from the hospital to the gardens of his institute. He passed away on 21 st November, 1970. His life was a testimony to hard work, patience and perseverance for achieving one’s goals. One should also be level headed and not go overboard on attaining success. With him, dawned an era of high quality science, and he showed the light for others to follow.

CV Raman Essay Word Meanings for Simple Understanding

• Illustrious – very famous and much admired, especially because of what you have achieved
• Diligent – showing care and effort in your work or duties
• Optics – the scientific study of sight and light
• Acoustics – the shape, design, etc. of a room or theatre that make it good or bad for carrying sound
• Endowed – to give a large sum of money to a school, a college or another institution to provide it with an income
• Inception – the start of an institution, an organisation, etc.
• Propelled – to move, drive or push something forward or in a particular direction
• Diffraction – breaking up of stream of light into a series of dark and light bands or the different colours of the spectrum
• Spectroscopic – a piece of equipment for forming and looking at spectra
• Iridescent – showing many bright colours that seem to change in different lights

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Water: The Elixer Of Life By C. V. Raman – Summary and Questions

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Water: The Elixer Of Life – C.V.Raman

Introduction: Water is a vital ingredient for survival of all living beings. Imagine a day without water no water to drink, wash, or to cook! People can survive without food for days but not without water. About 70% of earth’s surface is covered with water. Of this 97% is saline and 2% is fresh which is present in the form of ice caps, glaciers, icebergs or in the atmosphere. Only 1% can be used for drinking. We are heading towards a freshwater crisis that is leading to poor access to safe water for millions of people. Hence, conserving water has become the need of the hour, along with an efficient management system, to ensure a steady supply for the future.

About C.V. Raman

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C.V. Raman was the Nobel Prize winner in 1930, in physics for his work on ‘the scattering of light’ and for the discovery of the Raman Effect. He was the first to investigate the harmonic nature of the sound of the Indian drums such the tabla and mridingam. In 1934, Raman becomes the director of the newly established Indian Institute of Science in Bangalore. In 1947, he was appointed as the first National Professor by the new government of independent India.

Water, an elixir of life

Humankind has always searched in vain for an imaginary elixir of life, the divine amrita. A draught of this elixir was thought to confer immortality . But Raman feels that the true elixir of life is water. This single liquid can change the entire scene. He remembers that he was standing on the line which separates the Libyan Desert from the valley of the Nile in Egypt. On one side was a vast area covered with sand and without a speck of green or a single living thing. On the other side was one of the greatest, most fertile and densely populated areas. It was teeming with life and vegetation. The only thing which made the difference was water. It was the water of the river Nile. Geologist tells that the entire soil of river, Nile is the creation of the river itself. Its ancient civilization was created and sustained by the life-giving water of the Nile.

We take granted this common substance in everyday life. But we forget that water is the most potent and wonderful thing on the earth. It has played a very important role In shaping the course of earth’s history. It continues to play the leading role in the drama of life on earth. Nothing can add so much to the beauty of the countryside as water. In south India, the rain-fed tanks are very common. They are shallow but the bottom of the tank is not visible due to silt-laden water. These tanks play a vital role in south India agriculture. Much of rice is grown under them.

One of the most remarkable facts about water is its power to carry silt in suspension. This suspension is the reason for the different colours of the water in a rain-fed tank. Swiftly flowing water can carry fairly large and heavy particles. The finest particles remain with the water and are carried to a large distance. When silt-laden water mixes with the saltwater of the sea, there is rapid precipitation of the suspended matter. The colour of the water changes successively from the muddy red or brown of silt through varying shades of yellow and green finally to the blue of the deep sea. A large land is formed by silt thus deposited. Such land is very fertile. The flow of water plays a great part in this process; sometimes it can be destructive also.

The problem of soil erosion is of major significance. It occurs in step by step. The cutting up and washing away of the earth will make agriculture impossible. The sudden burst of excessively heavy rain resulting in a large run of surplus water is the principal factor in causing soil erosion. Soil erosion is dangerous to agriculture. Some measures can be taken to check soil erosion. They are terracing of the land, construction of bunds to check the flow of water, the practice of contour cultivation and the planting of appropriate plants.

Water is the basis of all life. Every animals and plant contain water in this body. No activity is possible without water. Water is necessary for animal life. The moist in the soil is necessary for the growth of plants and trees. So, the conservation and utilization of water is most important for human welfare.

A vast area of land could be turned into a fertile and prosperous country by courageous and well-planned action. The systematic planting of suitable trees is the urgent need of India. Such plantation would, directly and indirectly, prove a source of wealth to the country. They would check soil erosion and conserve the rainfall of the country. Water is the commonest of liquid, but it is also the most uncommon of liquid with amazing properties. These properties are responsible for its unique power of maintaining animal and plant life. The investigation of the nature and properties of water is, therefore, of the highest scientific interest.

Questions and Answers

Question.1.Why do you think water is the true Elixir of life? How has water been a powerful influence in the life of humankind and in the rise of civilization?

Ans. Water is the true elixir of life. This is a common substance. So, we take it granted in our everyday life. It is the most wonderful thing on Earth. It continues to play a leading role in the drama of life on Earth.

Water is the basis of all life. Every animal and every plant contains a large proportion of water in its body. The moisture of the soil is equally important for plants and trees.

The conservation and utilization of water is fundamental to human welfare. One of the most remarkable facts about water is its power to carry silt suspension. Our agriculture depends on seasonal rainfall. So, collection and utilization of rainwater is very important. Water is the commonest of the liquids. These uncommon properties are responsible for its unique power of maintaining animal and plant life.

Question.2. Write about the power and beauty of the element, water.

Ans. Water is the true elixir of life. It is the basis of life on Earth. Every animal and plant contains water. It is necessary for their life. Our agriculture is depended on water.

To explain the power of water C.V.Raman has given an example. One day he was standing on the line which separates the Libyan Desert from the valley of the Nile in Egypt. One side was having a sea of sand without a speck of green or a single living thing. On the other side was one of the greatest, most fertile and densely populated areas on the Earth. It was full of life and vegetation. Water has changed the scene.

One of the most remarkable facts about water is its power to carry silt in suspension. The flow of water plays a great role in the geographical process. It can sometimes play a destructive role and wash away the soil. Great tracts of land have been formed by silt deposited by water. The problem of soil erosion is caused by water. Vast areas of land could be turned into fertile or infertile. This is the power and beauty of water.

Question.3. How does soil erosion occur and what are the chief factors that cause it?

Ans. The problem of soil erosion is very important, in many countries and specially in many parts of India. Soil erosion occurs in steps; the earliest may easily pass unnoticed. In the later stages the cutting up and washing away of the soil results into the formation of deep gullies and narrow rallies. This makes agriculture impossible.

The sudden burst of excessively heavy rain results into a large run of surplus water which causes soil erosion. The slope of land, removal of the natural protective coat of vegetation, ruts for flow of water with speed and no check to such flow are also the causes for soil erosion.

Question.4. What are the usual measures used to check soil erosion?

Ans. The measures that can be used to check soil erosion are terracing of the land, construction of bunds to check the flow of water, the practice of contour (outline) cultivation and the planting of proper plants. The prevention of soil erosion would help to save water and keep the water where it is wanted.

Vast areas of land could be turned into a fertile and prosperous country by well-planned action. The systematic planting of suitable trees in every possible place is most urgent in India. They would check soil erosion and conserve the rainfall of the country.

Question.5. What is C.V. Raman’s suggestion regarding controlling the movement of water in order to harness it for a useful purpose?

Ans. C.V. Raman gives the example of rain-fed tanks which play a very vital role in south Indian agriculture. In Mysore, much of the rice is grown under them. The colour of the water in rain-fed tanks changes according to the land from which the water comes. Swiftly flowing water can carry large and heavy particles. The finest particles remain floating in the water. Large areas of land can be converted into fertile land due to silt-laden water.

Collection and utilization of rainwater is very important because our Indian agriculture depends on rainfall. Much of the rainwater flows down into the river and the sea. So a large quantity of water is lost. The proper use of this flowing water is a great national problem. Planting of trees is urgent need of India. They would help to save the rainwater of the country from flowing away to waste.

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