Lucy A. Snyder
Author • editor • writing instructor, book review: the time machine by h.g. wells.
November 4, 2005 Lucy A. Snyder book review , Uncategorized 2
Plot Summary (Spoilers Inevitably Follow)
H.G. Wells ‘ novel opens with the Time Traveler explaining his plans to travel in time to a group of his Victorian peers (most only named by an occupational label.) The next scene is a dinner party a week later with the narrator and a few of the Time Traveler’s previous guests. The Time Traveler enters the room in terrible shape. After he has cleaned up and has eaten, he begins to tell them of his trip in time.
The narratorial voice switches to that of the Traveler himself, and he tells them that he went to the year 802701 A.D. The England of the distant future is a beautiful place, almost a Utopia, but civilization is in majestic ruin. He first encounters the Eloi, a race of pretty, vacuous beings descended from humans. All other animals are apparently extinct, and the vegetarian Eloi have every need mysteriously provided for. Then, he discovers that someone has taken his time machine and he is frantic until he realizes that it has been locked in the bronze base of a nearby statue. He gives up on trying to free his machine, and later saves a drowning Eloi named Weena.
Weena tags along with the Traveler, and he soon discovers the existence of the Morlocks, a race of subterranean creatures descended from the human working class that maintain the underground machines that support the Eloi. He goes off exploring in the countryside with Weena in tow, and in the process of going through a ruined museum he lets the time get away from him and the Morlocks come out to attack after dark. He gets away from them, but inadvertently starts a forest fire and Weena is killed in the chaos.
The Traveler makes it back to the statue and finds that the doors are open. He goes inside to get his machine, and the Morlocks try to trap him. The Traveler manages to escape and goes far into the future to a time where the place he once lived is a beach with monstrous crabs. He travels on to an era near the end of the world, a time of darkness and cold. Then, he returns to his own time.
The only one who seems to believe his story is the narrator. The narrator goes into the lab to talk to the Time Traveller, but he and his machine are gone.
The Time Machine is a social doom prophecy. The future is presented as a place where the privileged have finally gotten a world where they can lead utterly carefree lives of leisure. Unfortunately, the centuries of soft living have turned the rich into weak and stupid creatures. Meanwhile, the working class has speciated into subterranean horrors that finally seek revenge on their former masters. This is to serve as an extrapolation of what Wells surely saw as a widening gulf between the rich and poor in Victorian England. Wells exaggerated the difference between the Morlocks and Eloi to warn the well-to-do and the British government that the social injustices of the day would prove ruinous if not corrected. Also, Wells warns everybody that the attainment of our ideal world, one with no pressure or work, would probably be fatal to the human race.
The Time Machine seems to compare favorably with mainstream literature of its day. When compared with more modern novels, science fiction or otherwise, parts of it seem a bit quaint and stuffy. Still, Wells was a good writer and the novel has a sense of wonder; it’s a fine adventure tale.
On the surface, the circumstances and science sound good, but they don’t hold up well if you know much about science. I accept the idea of the time machine, since that particular fantasy is central to the story, but there are a few other details that bothered me.
First, the Time Traveller describes the land as being devoid of fungi. The primary decomposers in an ecosystem are fungi; without them, you can’t have a gorgeous landscape. I guess Wells just didn’t want stinkhorns on his world.
Also, the Eloi are described as being disease-free. Perhaps science could get rid of parasites and viruses. But you can’t kill off the bacteria; otherwise, the whole ecosystem goes down. No decomposition, no nitrogen fixation, no plants … no Eloi. Since there must be bacteria, eventually you’ll have disease, since bacteria mutate quickly and will occupy any ecological niche that they can get started in.
The behavior of the Morlocks rang a little false with me. They’re intelligent enough to run the machines and lay a trap. Why didn’t they use weapons while trying to hunt the Time Traveler down? Chimpanzees and even crows use primitive tools. I suppose Wells kept the Morlocks unarmed so that the hero could get away; a party of armed Morlocks could have easily brained him.
Also, I didn’t completely believe the development of the Morlock society. I don’t think a working class, no matter how subjugated, could be kept down for so long. It only takes one extremely able person to get a revolution going, and in the time frame the novel spans I’m sure that the workers would have already rebelled successfully.
I think Wells was accurate in showing the evolutionary changes that could occur in several hundred thousand years’ time. The physical changes to the Eloi were pretty good; I have read other predictions that humans will get more androgynous and possibly smaller if automation progresses at its current pace.
However, I doubt the extent of their mental deterioration. I think that they would have had games and sports, and that would have almost guaranteed that at least some of the Eloi would not have been so small and weak. Humans love games; even in places where there is no literacy and no ambition, you have stickball and basketball and poker. The Eloi still had language, why not at least some balls to throw around?
My criticisms aside, I thought the novel has held up very well. Some of Wells’ scientific reasoning was off, but the knowledge of the day was limited. The story is good and fast-paced, and the descriptions are engaging. The novel lacks the literary ammunition of other works of the same period, but it paved the way for a whole lot of really excellent science fiction stories and novels.
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NERDS LIKE ME
For the bookishly-minded.
REVIEW: The Time Machine – H.G. Wells
Author: H.G. Wells
UK Publisher: Penguin (this edition)
Genre: Science fiction
“I’ve had a most amazing time…” So begins the Time Traveller’s astonishing firsthand account of his journey eight hundred thousand years beyond his own era – and the story that launched H.G. Wells’ successful career. With a speculative leap that still fires the imagination, Wells sends his brave explorer to face a future burdened with our greatest hopes… and our darkest fears. A pull of the Time Machine’s lever propels him to the age of a slowly dying Earth. There he discovers two bizarre races – the ethereal Eloi and the subterranean Morlocks – who not only symbolise the duality of human nature, but offer a terrifying portrait of tomorrow as well.
A few years back, I went on a bit of a spree trying to read literature that would “improve” me. This meant trying to batter my way through a lot of classics. It took a lot of work, but I finally made it through Emma . Lorna Doone was tackled on a kindle while driving across Canada. I read the Great Gatsby in one sitting on the plane back to the UK. I really enjoyed Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde , and I stumbled across The Island of Dr Moreau by H.G. Wells and thought it was wonderfully chilling. I never got around to reading The Time Machine , however, and given as lockdown has presented me with a lot more reading time than anticipated, I thought I’d seize the opportunity.
I had been pleasantly surprised by how easy The Island of Dr Moreau was to read, and at a mere 91 pages, I thought this would be a similarly easy undertaking. I was, sadly, incorrect. Where Dr Moreau was eldritch and unsettling, The Time Machine opens with a dense discussion of Victorian science and dimensional physics. It was definitely a bit of Wells flexing his scientific understanding to show off. I found it quite tricky to get through, although ironically this was my husband’s favourite part of the book and he said he felt it went downhill afterwards when the actual time travelling started.
The narrative is almost like a nature documentary, with the Time Traveller set apart from the other figures in the story as a sort of unbiased observer and impartial scientific voice. Except he’s anything but impartial, he’s judgy as heck. He describes the Eloi as beautiful, but as soon as he finds their societal values and methods different from his, he describes them as childlike, simple, and utterly useless. He seems charmed by their appearance, but otherwise mourns the loss of intellect and production. He treats them as pets, and the one he does “adopt” – Weena – he seems to care for only as long as it is convenient to do so, and he doesn’t take her comfort or safety into account. He only starts to see the Eloi as something more worthwhile when he encounters the Morlocks, but he doesn’t make much of an attempt to confirm his biases towards the Morlocks either.
At some points, the novel seems to trend towards being dangerously socialist. The Time Traveller talks about how the idle lifestyle of the wealthy and aristocratic has led to a race of beautiful idiots, incapable of any productive labour or higher thought. He talks of how the wealthy hoarding land and wealth pushes the working classes into a shrinking area of resources and space. He talks about how the poor are forced into constant industry, into the dark and literally underground. But then it progresses into these people lose civilisation, lose morals, and eventually become cannibalistic monsters. But while he seems to think this stratification of society is bad, he never empathises with the Morlocks in the same way he does with the Eloi.
He spends a bit of time going on about how the Eloi are the result of humanity no longer needing to struggle. Humans, he posits, are at their greatest when they are having to strive against something, to achieve something. When there is no longer need for struggle, then humanity will atrophy and become useless. What this overlooks is that there never ceased to be a need for struggle or work, it was just entirely forced upon another class of society. Funny how, after mourning the loss of mankind’s greatness due to lack of work when examining the Eloi, he doesn’t equally look at the Morlocks and start praising them for their noble industriousness. In fact, right from his first encounter with them he assumes they have nefarious intent based entirely on their appearance. He doesn’t try to investigate, he doesn’t try to explore their culture, he makes unconfirmed assumptions and then decides to run with them. At no point, either, does this philosopher and scientist show the slightest bit of self awareness on the hypocrisy of his assumptions and reactions. While he does identify times where he was wrong – such as the idea that there is no industry on future Earth, or nothing to cause fear – he doesn’t have the humility to go “I know I said humans were better then they had to deal with adversity, but I mean rich humans, and only a little adversity. The kind that doesn’t make you sweaty or too hungry.”
The last part of the novel is almost a different book as he shoots himself a thousand thousand years further into the future from where he was (which was already around 800,000 years on from where the book started), and finds himself on a dead Earth. Nearly dead. The planet has ceased to spin, the sun has grown larger and cooler, and half the world is an arid wasteland bathed in red light. One stop brings him to a beach filled with giant, crab-like creatures, the next to a world empty for all apparent life save a black, ball-like entity floating in the sea. These scenes are more tonally like Dr Moreau , that unsettling feeling of something very far from human, and I liked them a lot, but they felt a little pointless in terms of the greater narrative. They were plotless snapshots, and another chance for Wells to show off what he had perhaps learned about the lifecycle of stars and planets.
I’m glad I read it, and can add it to my list, but it isn’t the Wells I’d recommend to anyone who wanted to pick up his work for the first time.
- A surprisingly dense piece for such a short book, it is more of an exploration of the philosophy of human nature with a bit of Victorian Science thrown in for flavour than it is an adventure story.
- There are definitely some outdated views here, mostly in the complete lack of awareness of the narrator’s hypocrisy, lamenting that humans have become useless through lack of industry, but then being horrified at the creatures formed by the humans who were forced to take on all the industry.
- If you want to tick Wells as an author off your list, I’d recommend The Island of Dr Moreau instead.
Rating: 2/5 – it was interesting seeing the science that would have been fairly modern at the time being used for fiction, in the way we extrapolate today, but otherwise I think it’s a book that hasn’t necessarily aged well.
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2 thoughts on “ REVIEW: The Time Machine – H.G. Wells ”
My husband adores this book, it is actually one of his favourites!
Love, Amie ❤ The Curvaceous Vegan
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I’m glad he enjoys it! I think there are some books which just really click with some people. 🙂
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The Time Machine: Notes Towards an Analysis of Wells’s Novella
In this week’s Dispatches from The Secret Library , Dr Oliver Tearle analyses the lasting appeal of H. G. Wells’s first great ‘scientific romance’
In some ways, H. G. Wells’s The Time Machine (1895) is a ‘timeless’ text: it continues to enjoy huge popularity (as witnessed by big film adaptations in 1960 and 2002, as well as the fact that the novel itself has never been out of print and is available in a range of editions), it continues to exert a considerable influence on the literature and cinema produced since, and its very narrative structure – with much of the action of the novel taking place in a time that hasn’t happened yet, the year 802,701 – in a sense absenting it from its own context.
But an analysis of Wells’s novella that sees it floating completely free of its 1890s context, much as the Time Traveller himself succeeds in leaving his late Victorian world behind, risks overlooking the extent to which The Time Machine is a novella deeply rooted in late nineteenth-century concerns.
The Time Machine and the future of society
In an interview published in 1899, Wells outlined his reasons for being so concerned with the future of mankind:
Why should four-fifths of the fiction of today be concerned with times that can never come again, while the future is scarcely speculated upon? At present we are almost helpless in the grip of circumstances, and I think we ought to strive to shape our destinies. Changes that directly affect the human race are taking place every day, but they are passed over unobserved .
This statement points up the value in speculating on the future, but in terms that are rooted in Wells’s present time: ‘fiction of today’, ‘At present’, ‘are taking place every day’. In The Living Novel , V. S. Pritchett remarked: ‘Without question The Time Machine is the best piece of writing. It will take its place among the great stories of our language. Like all excellent works it has meanings within its meaning’.
This notion of multi-layered significance – of ‘meaning within meaning’ is worth bearing in mind when considering the novel’s themes. Like many great works of science fiction , Wells uses the concept of time travel, and the invention of the time machine, as a vehicle for exploring the issues of his time: class, industrialisation, and the implications of Darwinian evolution, degeneration (a big concern in the 1890s), imperialism, and many other things.
The Time Machine and evolution
The Time Machine can be read as Wells’s attempt to understand the meaning of our existence in light of the theory of evolution, which had led many Victorians to question their firm faith in God and therefore in a Christian understanding of humanity’s purpose. If we’re not on Earth because God created us for his purpose, then what are we doing here? Is our existence merely random? Are we mere animals, albeit thinking ones? Partly what Wells is trying to do is examine the role of man in the modern world.
He does this, I think, through several oblique references to the story of Oedipus, the mythical King of Thebes who inadvertently fulfilled a prophecy which stated he would kill his father and marry his mother. However, what is less well-known in the Oedipus story is how Oedipus came to be King of Thebes in the first place: namely, by solving the Riddle of the Sphinx and, through doing so, freeing the city of Thebes of its plague.
The Riddle which the Sphinx asked people, but which nobody else had managed to solve until Oedipus came along, was the following question: ‘What goes on four legs in the morning, two legs at noon, and three legs in the evening?’ The answer is ‘Man’, because humans crawl on all fours as babies, walk upright on two legs during adulthood, and then use a walking-stick when they’re older.
Oedipus’ name literally means ‘swollen foot’, and the Time Traveller tells us that ‘I stood up and found my foot with the loose heel swollen at the ankle and painful at the heel’. There are also numerous references (made by the book’s narrator) to the Time Traveller’s ‘lameness’ and the fact that when he returns to the present day he is ‘limping’.
Is the Time Traveller a modern-day Oedipus, attempting to solve the riddle of man – not over the course of one man’s lifetime (as Oedipus’ Sphinx had), but over the course of the entire species? In many ways The Time Machine offers itself to us as a modern myth for the scientific age: Oedipus among the machines.
The Time Machine and empire
Similarly, how might we read the imagery of Wells’s novella, and his use of certain tropes? Such features as the ‘pagoda-like plants’ and the ‘Palace of Green Porcelain’ evoke the Far East and, as part of this, the British Empire and the imperial romance as embodied by the work of such novelists as H. Rider Haggard .
But there are other, even more pervasive images in The Time Machine which are worthy of analysis, and I’d like to consider one such image in particular, as a way of reading the imagery of the novel in its late Victorian context. The image I wish to focus on is fire, and representations of fire.
The Time Machine and science
This entails not just images of heat but images of light: one of the laws of physics is that we cannot generate light without heat. Every artificial light-source we’ve yet invented, from the incandescent light-bulb to strobe lighting or the laser, involves generating heat in order to generate light. This heat-light relationship is one which Wells, with his scientific training, would have known well.
Consider the many references to suns, fires, flames, and bright lights in The Time Machine , such as the literal sunset and the way that it puts the Time Traveller in mind of the metaphorical ‘sunset of mankind’, as well as the sunset of the far future which the Time Traveller witnesses towards the end of the novella, and, let us not forget, his trusty matches which he uses to keep the Morlocks at bay.
Even just in the first few pages of the book, we have the narrator’s reference to the Time Traveller’s eyes which ‘twinkled’ (like a star?), his ‘flushed’ face, Filby’s ‘red hair’ (flame-haired, we might say), the ‘incandescent lights’, a very young man attempting to light his cigar over a lamp, and the Medical Man ‘staring hard at a coal in the fire’. Fire is everywhere in this short book.
But those matches are worth pondering. Man’s ability to create fire might be considered the starting-point of his technological development, but it is also often considered profane. Indeed, at the time of Wells’s novel a popular name for matches was ‘lucifers’, from the Latin for ‘light-bearer’; Lucifer is also, aptly, the Devil. For the Greeks, it was Prometheus who defied the gods by stealing fire from them and giving it to man; he was punished by the gods for this.
A novel often considered the first science-fiction novel, Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein (1818) , carries the subtitle The Modern Prometheus , continuing this tradition of seeing scientific experimentation as a dangerous way of playing God, and one that can only end in disaster. The Time Traveller’s matches are a reminder of this Promethean undercurrent to much science fiction, particularly in the nineteenth century when religion still played a more central part in the Victorians’ everyday lives.
The Time Machine and futility
Ultimately, of course, the Time Traveller’s journey into the far future of mankind is in vain: he finds out that man will evolve into barbarism and decadence, as embodied by the Morlocks and Eloi respectively, that books and civilisation will be left to fall into ruin. Even if he could warn his Victorian contemporaries about what lies in store for man, they refuse to believe him (with the exception of the novella’s narrator).
And even if something could be done to forestall man’s bleak future, the further vision which the Time Traveller experiences, involving the crab and the swollen sun, suggests that ultimately mankind will go extinct no matter what he does to prevent such a fate.
In this connection we might remark upon the Palace of Green Porcelain, clearly depicted by Wells as the remains of a science museum – as suggested by the Time Traveller’s likening of it to ‘some latter-day South Kensington’ – that region of London which houses the Science Museum and the Natural History Museum, among other buildings. Tellingly, the Time Traveller remarks upon the ‘corroded metallic framework’ of the Palace, a phrase which picks up words the narrator had earlier used when confronted with the small model of the Time Machine: ‘a glittering metallic framework’.
The Time Traveller’s scientific invention is thus aligned with the Palace of Green Porcelain, but what was once ‘glittering’ is now ‘corroded’: science, that beacon of scientific discovery and exploration, has fallen into decay.
The Time Machine thus sounds a bleak note about humanity’s future – but in doing so, Wells always brings his readers back to the present, to the late Victorian world of the 1890s out of which this remarkable novella arose.
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11 thoughts on “The Time Machine: Notes Towards an Analysis of Wells’s Novella”
Great connections. The Time Machine supposedly inspired the Dr. Who concept of bopping around to different points of time, going far backward and forward.
Now I have to read it again. Great post.
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You have reminded me that this a book that I must read before I run out of time.
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Good old H.G. – you can’t beat him for cracking stories which are always deeper than you might think on first reading. Great analysis!
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The Time Machine
By h.g. wells.
'The Time Machine' is a science fiction thriller which details the life and story of a brilliant scientist and craftsman whose love for scientific adventure led him to a breakthrough that empowered him to travel far into the future, see humanity at its most trying moments, and beyond, and then back in time to tell his experience to his friends.
About the Book
Article written by Israel Njoku
Degree in M.C.M with focus on Literature from the University of Nigeria, Nsukka.
‘The Time Machine’ is a science fiction thriller which details the life and story of a brilliant scientist and craftsman whose love for scientific adventure led him to a breakthrough that empowered him to travel far into the future and see humanity at its most trying moments, and beyond, and then back in time to tell his experience to his friends. The story of The Time Machine hits top gear with a breakthrough that enables the time traveller to build a time machine. With this invention, he finds himself, finally, a vehicle within which he can explore time – a concept that has always fascinated him. So he embarks on this trip of a lifetime through time but realizes that the future is nothing like what he had envisaged or hoped for. He struggles to understand how there are so many anomalies in the future. For instance, he finds that man has evolved into two distinct species – the Eloi and Morlocks – and that the latter is literally eating the former up for dinner. He observes that man has given up on technology and is now operating a sort of mono-gender society. Still, he notices a lot of other changes here and there but finds a way to luckily absorb the shock. He tries to get himself attuned to the environment but unlike the peace-loving Eloi race with who he’s been able to bond, a savage race of Morlocks are on his trail, carefully brewing his destruction as well as that of his friends – the Eloi. He discovers that these hostiles have drawn the first blood by stealing and hiding his time machine to trap him long enough to wipe him out. He must get it back and disappear from this godforsaken place with his life in one piece.
Key Facts about The Time Machine
- Title: The Time Machine
- When Written: H.G. Wells wrote the book between 1894-1895
- When/Where Written: H.G. Wells wrote The Time Machine while in England
- Published : The Time Machine was published in 1895 as a serial novel
- Literary Period : Victorian Period
- Point of View : H.G. Wells deploys a first-person narrator called Hillyer. However, the story is almost entirely told by the time traveller as a first-person account of his trip to the future.
- Genre : Science Fiction, Fantasy, Thriller
- Setting : Victorian-era England in the year 802,701
- Climax : When the time traveller escapes the Morlocks by taking the time machine into the future
- Antagonist : The Morlocks
H.G. Wells and The Time Machine
H.G. Wells literary experiment with time trips and travels may have lapped well in his remarkable book The Time Machine , but it’s of little knowledge to all that the entire concept is an adaptation from ‘The Chronic Argonauts’ – one of the short stories he wrote well into the year 1880s as a college student. Wells likes to be thought of as a strange, unusual bloke even among his contemporaries and he sure as anything reflects that mentality in all his books, particularly with ‘ The Time Machine’ which was in fact his first real book. For Wells, the story of ‘ The Time Machine’ goes beyond being a mere literary aesthetics but also accommodates a gentleman’s warning to the 1890s Victorian English peoples of his generation.
Books Related to The Time Machine
science fiction and the first in the time travel subgenre and reading through the book’s richness, one couldn’t agree more. Although he was one of the earliest people, if not the first, who started experimenting with the concept of time travel as an author of scientific nonreality, his time as a student under T. H. Huxley the great certainly sharpened his mind towards the discipline. Following the popularity and the accompanying standards set by Wells’ time machine, several other authors started putting out fine pieces related to time travel, trips to the future, and through time. Some of the books bearing striking resemblance to ‘ The Time Machine’ in terms of concept and theme include – ‘ Here And Now And Then ‘ by Mike Chen, ‘ Back To You ‘ by Steve Bates, and ‘ Quantum Time (Quantum #3) ‘ by Douglas Phillips, and there is still an endless list.
The Lasting Impact of The Time Machine
After it was published in 1895, Wells’ book ‘ The Time Machine’ became an instant influence on its generation, as it was immediately designated one of the best earliest works of the science fiction genre and the first of its kind in the time travel subgenre. Aside from garnering a handful of accolades, the book became a major talk of society as it was now a trendsetter forcing itself – and the reality of the idea of time travel – into people’s thinking.
Wells is known to instil rich and powerful storylines in his works and one time it appeared to have caused mass unrest as one of his works broadcast on the radio left its audience (who, at the time, didn’t know it was a fictional book) petrified for their lives. Through the years, ‘ The Time Machine’ has proved a sturdy book, beating off criticism from stakeholders both in the science community and from ordinary blokes who think the piece may have been too daring.
The Time Machine Review
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Published in 1895, this masterpiece of invention captivated readers on the threshold of a new century. Thanks to Wells’s expert storytelling and provocative insight, The Time Machine will continue to enthrall readers for generations to come. 118 pages, Paperback.
'The Time Machine' is one book that offers a lot of enjoyment to the reader. From the richly packed romance between the time traveler and Weena to the unexpected run-ins with a mischievous bunch of evolved humans called Morlocks down to several time trips in an actual time machine.
H.G. Wells‘ novel opens with the Time Traveler explaining his plans to travel in time to a group of his Victorian peers (most only named by an occupational label.) The next scene is a dinner party a week later with the narrator and a few of the Time Traveler’s previous guests.
With a speculative leap that still fires the imagination, Wells sends his brave explorer to face a future burdened with our greatest hopes… and our darkest fears. A pull of the Time Machine’s lever propels him to the age of a slowly dying Earth.
The Time Machine can be read as Wells’s attempt to understand the meaning of our existence in light of the theory of evolution, which had led many Victorians to question their firm faith in God and therefore in a Christian understanding of humanity’s purpose.
The story of The Time Machine hits top gear with a breakthrough that enables the time traveller to build a time machine. With this invention, he finds himself, finally, a vehicle within which he can explore time – a concept that has always fascinated him.