definition of hypothesis in bangla

হাইপোথিসিস কি | Hypothesis in Research

গবেষণায় হাইপোথিসিস (Hypothesis) কথাটির অর্থ হল – পূর্ব জ্ঞানের উপর ভিত্তি করে গবেষণার উত্তর সম্পর্কে গবেষণা সম্পাদনের পূর্বেই গৃহীত অস্থায়ী সিদ্ধান্ত।

গবেষণায় হাইপোথিসিস একটি সাময়িক পরীক্ষামূলক সিদ্ধান্ত যা গবেষণার মাধ্যমে গৃহীত (Accepted) বা বাতিল (Rejected) হতে পারে। তাই হাইপোথেথিস একটি গবেষণা প্রশ্নের একটি অস্থায়ী উত্তর। তাই হাইপোথিসিস হল একটি তত্ত্ব বা ধারণা যা প্রমাণিত নয় কিন্তু পরীক্ষার জন্য গৃহীত হয়।

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গবেষণায় হাইপোথিসিসের ধারণা (Concept of Hypothesis in Research)

ইংরাজী ‘Hypothesis’ শব্দটি দুটি শব্দের সমন্বয়ে গঠিত, যথা – ‘Hypo’ যার অর্থ ‘less than’ এবং ‘Thesis’. অর্থাৎ হাইপোথিসিস কথাটির আক্ষরিক অর্থ হল – জ্ঞান বা সত্য থেকে কম (Less certain than a thesis).

সাধারণভাবে হাইপোথিসিস হল কোনো বিষয় বা ঘটনার পূর্ব জ্ঞানের উপর ভিত্তি করে ফলাফল সম্পর্কে একটি সাময়িক সিদ্ধান্ত গ্রহণ করা হয় এবং এই সাময়িক সিদ্ধান্তকে গবেষণার মাধ্যমে পরীক্ষা-নিরীক্ষা করে সিদ্ধান্তে উপনীত হওয়া যায়।

তাই হাইপোথিসিস বা অনুমিত সিদ্ধান্ত বা প্রকল্প হল এমন একটি ধারণা যেটির সত্যতা যাচাই করার জন্য পরীক্ষা নিরীক্ষা করা হয়। এটি একটি সাময়িক পরীক্ষামূলক সিদ্ধান্ত, যা গবেষণা র মাধ্যমে, সংগৃহীত প্রাপ্ত তথ্যের ভিত্তিতে পরীক্ষা-নিরীক্ষার মাধ্যমে গৃহীত বা বাতিল করা হয়ে থাকে।

গবেষণায় হাইপোথিসিসের সংজ্ঞা (Definition of Hypothesis in Research)

বিভিন্ন গবেষকগণ হাইপোথিসিসকে বিভিন্ন দৃষ্টিকোণ থেকে সংজ্ঞায়িত করেছেন। এখানে কয়েকটি উল্লেখযোগ্য সংজ্ঞা উল্লেখ করা হল –

1. বিশিষ্ট গবেষক Baily বলেছেন – হাইপোথিসিস হল একটি অস্থায়ী ব্যাখ্যা যার পরীক্ষার প্রয়োজনীয় প্রমাণ প্রচ্ছন্ন হলেও বর্তমান। (“A hypothesis is a tentative explanation for which the evidence necessary for testing is at potentially available.”)

2. Santosh Gupta এর মতে – হাইপোথিসিস হল জ্ঞান ও তত্ত্ব থেকে উৎসারিত স্থির ধারণা যা অন্যান্য অজানা তথ্য ও তত্ত্ব অনুসন্ধানে গাইড হিসাবে ব্যবহৃত হয়।

3. গবেষক Neuman বলেছেন – হাইপোথিসিস হল গবেষণা ভিত্তিক প্রশ্নাবলির সম্ভাব্য উত্তর অনুসন্ধান।

4. বিশিষ্ট গবেষক Webster বলেছেন – হাইপোথিসিস হল কোনো যুক্তিভিত্তিক বা পরীক্ষা ভিত্তিক সিদ্ধান্ত নির্ণয়ের জন্য সাময়িক অনুমান বা সিদ্ধান্ত গ্রহণ।

5. আবার বিশিষ্ট গবেষক Kerlinger বলেছেন – হাইপোথিসিস হল একটি অস্থায়ী ব্যাখ্যা যার পরীক্ষার প্রয়োজনীয় প্রমাণ প্রচ্ছন্ন হলেও বর্তমান থাকে।

তাই বিশিষ্ট গবেষক Max Weber ভাষায় বলা যায়, হাইপোথিসিস হল ক্ষণস্থায়ী ব্যাখ্যা যা এর যৌক্তিক কিংবা বাস্তবিক ফলাফল প্রণয়ন বা পরীক্ষার জন্য গ্রহণ করা হয়।

গবেষণায় হাইপোথিসিসের বৈশিষ্ট্য (Characteristics of Hypothesis in Research)

হাইপোথিসিসকে বিশ্লেষণ করলে এর যে সমস্ত উল্লেখযোগ্য বৈশিষ্ট্য বিশেষভাবে পরিলক্ষিত হয়, সেগুলি নিম্ন আলোচনা করা হল –

i) হাইপোথিসিস হল সাময়িক সিদ্ধান্ত বিশেষ।

ii) হাইপোথিসিস হল পরীক্ষা-নিরীক্ষা নির্ভর।

iii) বাস্তব অভিজ্ঞতাভিত্তিক।

iv) হাইপোথিসিস পর্যবেক্ষণ যুক্ত ও সংক্ষিপ্ত প্রকৃতির।

v) হাইপোথিসিস প্রমাণসাপেক্ষ বিষয়।

vi )হাইপোথিসিস অস্থায়ী সিদ্ধান্ত। কারণ পরীক্ষা-নিরীক্ষার মাধ্যমে এটি গৃহীত বা বাতিল হতে পারে।

vii) হাইপোথিসিস সর্বদা সরল প্রকৃতির।

viii) হাইপোথিসিস গবেষকের পূর্ব জ্ঞান এর উপর ভিত্তি করে গঠন করা হয়ে থাকে।

ix) হাইপোথিসিস নির্দিষ্ট ও স্বতন্ত্র প্রকৃতির। যেটি গবেষণাকে দিকনির্দেশ করতে সাহায্য করে।

তাই বলা যায় হাইপোথিসিস এমন একটি যুক্তিনির্ভর, পরীক্ষানির্ভর, সাময়িক সিদ্ধান্ত বিশেষ যা গবেষকের অনুসন্ধানমূলক কাজের মূল ভিত্তি হিসেবে বিশেষভাবে সাহায্য করে থাকে।

গবেষণায় হাইপোথিসিসের প্রকারভেদ (Types of Hypothesis in Research)

প্রকৃতি বৈশিষ্ট্য অনুযায়ী হাইপোথিসিসকে কয়েকটি বিশেষ ভাগে ভাগ করা হয়ে থাকে, সেগুলি হল নিম্নলিখিত –

মূল হাইপোথিসিস বা পরীক্ষামূলক হাইপোথিসিস (Substantive or Research Hypothesis)

মূল হাইপোথিসিস বা পরীক্ষামূলক হাইপোথিসিস দুই প্রকারের হয়ে থাকে, সেগুলি হল –

• নির্দেশক হাইপোথিসিস (Directional Hypothesis)
• নন-ডিরেকশনাল হাইপোথিসিস (Non-Directional Hypothesis)

পরিসংখ্যানগত হাইপোথিসিস (Statistical Hypothesis)

পরিসংখ্যানগত হাইপোথিসিসকে দুই ভাগে ভাগ করা হয়, যথা –

• শূন্য হাইপোথিসিস (Null Hypothesis)
• বিকল্প হাইপোথিসিস (Alternative Hypothesis)

এগুলি ছাড়াও এগুলি ছাড়াও প্রশ্নের আকারে হাইপোথিসিস (Question form Hypothesis), ঘোষণামূলক হাইপোথিসিস (Declarative form of Hypothesis) প্রভৃতি হাইপোথিসিসের অন্যতম ভাগ।

হাইপোথিসিসের গুরুত্ব (Importance of Hypothesis)

যে-কোনো গবেষণার ক্ষেত্রে হাইপোথিসিস বিশেষ গুরুত্বপূর্ণ দিক। হাইপোথিসিসের যে সমস্ত গুরুত্ব বর্তমান, সেগুলি হল –

i) হাইপোথিসিস গবেষণাকে সঠিকভাবে সম্পন্ন করতে সাহায্য করে থাকে।

ii) হাইপোথিসিস যে-কোনো বিষয় সম্পর্কে জ্ঞান বৃদ্ধিতে সাহায্য করে।

iii) হাইপোথিসিস যে-কোনো প্রকারের গবেষণার পথনির্দেশ করে থাকে।

iv) হাইপোথিসিস গবেষণার যাবতীয় তথ্য সংগ্রহের সহায়তা করে থাকে।

v) হাইপোথিসিস গবেষণার সময় ও অর্থের অপচয় রোধ করে থাকে।

vi) হাইপোথিসিস গবেষণায় নির্ধারিত চলকগুলিকে পরীক্ষা-নিরীক্ষা করে থাকে।

vii) এটি অপ্রয়োজনীয় তথ্যকে বর্জন বা বা বাতিল এবং প্রয়োজনীয় তথ্যকে গ্রহণ করে থাকে।

viii) হাইপোথিসিস কোন সমস্যা পরীক্ষামূলক সমাধান সূত্র খুঁজে বের করার ক্ষেত্রে বিশেষ গুরুত্বপূর্ণ।

উপসংহার (Conclusion)

সর্বোপরি বলা যায়, হাইপোথিসিস কোন গবেষণা সম্ভাব্য ফলাফলকে দিক নির্দেশ করে থাকে। তাই হাইপোথিসিস পরীক্ষামূলক গবেষণা, ঐতিহাসিক গবেষণা, বর্ণনামূলক গবেষণা, সার্ভে গবেষণা, দার্শনিক গবেষণা প্রভৃতি ক্ষেত্রে ব্যাপকভাবে ব্যবহার করা হয়ে থাকে।

সুতরাং যেকোনো গবেষকের দ্বারা সুষ্ঠুভাবে গবেষণা কার্য সম্পন্ন করার জন্য হাইপোথিসিস গবেষণার প্রধান অংশ।

তথ্যসূত্র (Reference)

• Best, J.W & Khan, J.V (2006) “Research in Education” (10 th Ed.). New Delhi: PHI Learning Private Limited.
• Kaul L. (1984) Methodology of Education Research, New Delhi, Vikas Publishing House
• Creswell, J.W (2019) “Educational Research” (4 th Ed.). Pearson, ISBN 978-93-325-4947-0
• Internet Sources – Click Here

প্রশ্ন – হাইপোথিসিস বা প্রকল্প বলতে কি বোঝায়?

উত্তর – বিশিষ্ট গবেষক Max Weber ভাষায় বলা যায়, হাইপোথিসিস হল ক্ষণস্থায়ী ব্যাখ্যা যা এর যৌক্তিক কিংবা বাস্তবিক ফলাফল প্রণয়ন বা পরীক্ষার জন্য গ্রহণ করা হয়।

প্রশ্ন – পরিসংখ্যানে হাইপোথিসিস এর প্রকারভেদ।

উত্তর – পরিসংখ্যানে হাইপোথিসিসকে প্রধান দুটি ভাগে ভাগ করা হয়ে থাকে। যথা – শূন্য হাইপোথিসিস এবং বিকল্প হাইপোথেসিস।

প্রশ্ন – প্রকল্প কয় প্রকার ও কি কি?

উত্তর – প্রকৃতি ও বৈশিষ্ট্য অনুযায়ী হাইপোথিসিস বা প্রকল্প দুই প্রকার, যথা – পরীক্ষামূলক হাইপোথিসিস এবং পরিসংখ্যানগত হাইপোথিসিস।

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hypothesis - Meaning in Bengali

Hypothesis word forms & inflections, definitions and meaning of hypothesis in english, hypothesis noun.

• possibility , theory
• "a scientific hypothesis that survives experimental testing becomes a scientific theory"
• "he proposed a fresh theory of alkalis that later was accepted in chemical practices"
• conjecture , guess , speculation , supposition , surmisal , surmise

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Synonyms of hypothesis

A hypothesis is a proposed explanation for a phenomenon. For a hypothesis to be a scientific hypothesis, the scientific method requires that one can test it. Scientists generally base scientific hypotheses on previous observations that cannot satisfactorily be explained with the available scientific theories. Even though the words "hypothesis" and "theory" are often used interchangeably, a scientific hypothesis is not the same as a scientific theory. A working hypothesis is a provisionally accepted hypothesis proposed for further research in a process beginning with an educated guess or thought.

অনুকল্প হলো কোনো ঘটনার প্রস্তাবিত বিবরণ। কোনো অনুকল্পকে বৈজ্ঞানিক অনুকল্প হতে হলে বৈজ্ঞানিক পদ্ধতি অনুযায়ী এটিকে পরীক্ষাযোগ্য হতে হবে। পূর্ববর্তী পর্যবেক্ষণসমূহ, যেগুলো লভ্য বৈজ্ঞানিক তত্ত্ব দ্বারা সন্তোষজনকভাবে ব্যাখা করা যায় না, সাধারণত সেগুলোর ওপর ভিত্তি করেই বিজ্ঞানীরা বৈজ্ঞানিক অনুকল্প তৈরী করেন। যদিও "অনুকল্প" এবং "তত্ত্ব" শব্দ দুটি একই অর্থে ব্যবহৃত হয়, কিন্তু আসলে বৈজ্ঞানিক অনুকল্প আর বৈজ্ঞানিক তত্ত্ব এক জিনিস নয়। একটি কার্যকর অনুকল্প হলো বিস্তারিত গবেষণার জন্য অস্থায়ীভাবে গৃহীত একটি অনুকল্প। এই প্রক্রিয়াটি শুরু হয় একটি সুচিন্তিত অনুমান বা ভাবনার মাধ্যমে।

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BD Dictionary

Hypothesis meaning in bengali - hypothesis অর্থ, more meaning for hypothesis, hypothesis শব্দটির synonyms বা প্রতিশব্দ, বাক্যে hypothesis শব্দটির ব্যবহার.

• a scientific hypothesis that survives experimental testing becomes a scientific theory.
• he proposed a fresh theory of alkalis that later was accepted in chemical practices.
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Edictionarybd English & Bengali Dictionary

English to bengali dictionary, search english word:.

Hypothesis : আগে থেকেই যা সত্য বলে মেনে নেওয়া হয়েছে

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Hypothesis Meaning in Bengali

What is the meaning of word Hypothesis in Bengali/Bangla ?

Meaning of Hypothesis in Bangla is : অনুমান (o . n u . m a n)

Defenition of word hypothesis.

• a supposition or proposed explanation made on the basis of limited evidence as a starting point for further investigation.

professional astronomers attacked him for popularizing an unconfirmed hypothesis

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Home » What is a Hypothesis – Types, Examples and Writing Guide

What is a Hypothesis – Types, Examples and Writing Guide

Table of Contents

Definition:

Hypothesis is an educated guess or proposed explanation for a phenomenon, based on some initial observations or data. It is a tentative statement that can be tested and potentially proven or disproven through further investigation and experimentation.

Hypothesis is often used in scientific research to guide the design of experiments and the collection and analysis of data. It is an essential element of the scientific method, as it allows researchers to make predictions about the outcome of their experiments and to test those predictions to determine their accuracy.

Types of Hypothesis

Types of Hypothesis are as follows:

Research Hypothesis

A research hypothesis is a statement that predicts a relationship between variables. It is usually formulated as a specific statement that can be tested through research, and it is often used in scientific research to guide the design of experiments.

Null Hypothesis

The null hypothesis is a statement that assumes there is no significant difference or relationship between variables. It is often used as a starting point for testing the research hypothesis, and if the results of the study reject the null hypothesis, it suggests that there is a significant difference or relationship between variables.

Alternative Hypothesis

An alternative hypothesis is a statement that assumes there is a significant difference or relationship between variables. It is often used as an alternative to the null hypothesis and is tested against the null hypothesis to determine which statement is more accurate.

Directional Hypothesis

A directional hypothesis is a statement that predicts the direction of the relationship between variables. For example, a researcher might predict that increasing the amount of exercise will result in a decrease in body weight.

Non-directional Hypothesis

A non-directional hypothesis is a statement that predicts the relationship between variables but does not specify the direction. For example, a researcher might predict that there is a relationship between the amount of exercise and body weight, but they do not specify whether increasing or decreasing exercise will affect body weight.

Statistical Hypothesis

A statistical hypothesis is a statement that assumes a particular statistical model or distribution for the data. It is often used in statistical analysis to test the significance of a particular result.

Composite Hypothesis

A composite hypothesis is a statement that assumes more than one condition or outcome. It can be divided into several sub-hypotheses, each of which represents a different possible outcome.

Empirical Hypothesis

An empirical hypothesis is a statement that is based on observed phenomena or data. It is often used in scientific research to develop theories or models that explain the observed phenomena.

Simple Hypothesis

A simple hypothesis is a statement that assumes only one outcome or condition. It is often used in scientific research to test a single variable or factor.

Complex Hypothesis

A complex hypothesis is a statement that assumes multiple outcomes or conditions. It is often used in scientific research to test the effects of multiple variables or factors on a particular outcome.

Applications of Hypothesis

Hypotheses are used in various fields to guide research and make predictions about the outcomes of experiments or observations. Here are some examples of how hypotheses are applied in different fields:

• Science : In scientific research, hypotheses are used to test the validity of theories and models that explain natural phenomena. For example, a hypothesis might be formulated to test the effects of a particular variable on a natural system, such as the effects of climate change on an ecosystem.
• Medicine : In medical research, hypotheses are used to test the effectiveness of treatments and therapies for specific conditions. For example, a hypothesis might be formulated to test the effects of a new drug on a particular disease.
• Psychology : In psychology, hypotheses are used to test theories and models of human behavior and cognition. For example, a hypothesis might be formulated to test the effects of a particular stimulus on the brain or behavior.
• Sociology : In sociology, hypotheses are used to test theories and models of social phenomena, such as the effects of social structures or institutions on human behavior. For example, a hypothesis might be formulated to test the effects of income inequality on crime rates.
• Business : In business research, hypotheses are used to test the validity of theories and models that explain business phenomena, such as consumer behavior or market trends. For example, a hypothesis might be formulated to test the effects of a new marketing campaign on consumer buying behavior.
• Engineering : In engineering, hypotheses are used to test the effectiveness of new technologies or designs. For example, a hypothesis might be formulated to test the efficiency of a new solar panel design.

How to write a Hypothesis

Here are the steps to follow when writing a hypothesis:

Identify the Research Question

The first step is to identify the research question that you want to answer through your study. This question should be clear, specific, and focused. It should be something that can be investigated empirically and that has some relevance or significance in the field.

Conduct a Literature Review

Before writing your hypothesis, it’s essential to conduct a thorough literature review to understand what is already known about the topic. This will help you to identify the research gap and formulate a hypothesis that builds on existing knowledge.

Determine the Variables

The next step is to identify the variables involved in the research question. A variable is any characteristic or factor that can vary or change. There are two types of variables: independent and dependent. The independent variable is the one that is manipulated or changed by the researcher, while the dependent variable is the one that is measured or observed as a result of the independent variable.

Formulate the Hypothesis

Based on the research question and the variables involved, you can now formulate your hypothesis. A hypothesis should be a clear and concise statement that predicts the relationship between the variables. It should be testable through empirical research and based on existing theory or evidence.

Write the Null Hypothesis

The null hypothesis is the opposite of the alternative hypothesis, which is the hypothesis that you are testing. The null hypothesis states that there is no significant difference or relationship between the variables. It is important to write the null hypothesis because it allows you to compare your results with what would be expected by chance.

Refine the Hypothesis

After formulating the hypothesis, it’s important to refine it and make it more precise. This may involve clarifying the variables, specifying the direction of the relationship, or making the hypothesis more testable.

Examples of Hypothesis

Here are a few examples of hypotheses in different fields:

• Psychology : “Increased exposure to violent video games leads to increased aggressive behavior in adolescents.”
• Biology : “Higher levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere will lead to increased plant growth.”
• Sociology : “Individuals who grow up in households with higher socioeconomic status will have higher levels of education and income as adults.”
• Education : “Implementing a new teaching method will result in higher student achievement scores.”
• Marketing : “Customers who receive a personalized email will be more likely to make a purchase than those who receive a generic email.”
• Physics : “An increase in temperature will cause an increase in the volume of a gas, assuming all other variables remain constant.”
• Medicine : “Consuming a diet high in saturated fats will increase the risk of developing heart disease.”

Purpose of Hypothesis

The purpose of a hypothesis is to provide a testable explanation for an observed phenomenon or a prediction of a future outcome based on existing knowledge or theories. A hypothesis is an essential part of the scientific method and helps to guide the research process by providing a clear focus for investigation. It enables scientists to design experiments or studies to gather evidence and data that can support or refute the proposed explanation or prediction.

The formulation of a hypothesis is based on existing knowledge, observations, and theories, and it should be specific, testable, and falsifiable. A specific hypothesis helps to define the research question, which is important in the research process as it guides the selection of an appropriate research design and methodology. Testability of the hypothesis means that it can be proven or disproven through empirical data collection and analysis. Falsifiability means that the hypothesis should be formulated in such a way that it can be proven wrong if it is incorrect.

In addition to guiding the research process, the testing of hypotheses can lead to new discoveries and advancements in scientific knowledge. When a hypothesis is supported by the data, it can be used to develop new theories or models to explain the observed phenomenon. When a hypothesis is not supported by the data, it can help to refine existing theories or prompt the development of new hypotheses to explain the phenomenon.

When to use Hypothesis

Here are some common situations in which hypotheses are used:

• In scientific research , hypotheses are used to guide the design of experiments and to help researchers make predictions about the outcomes of those experiments.
• In social science research , hypotheses are used to test theories about human behavior, social relationships, and other phenomena.
• I n business , hypotheses can be used to guide decisions about marketing, product development, and other areas. For example, a hypothesis might be that a new product will sell well in a particular market, and this hypothesis can be tested through market research.

Characteristics of Hypothesis

Here are some common characteristics of a hypothesis:

• Testable : A hypothesis must be able to be tested through observation or experimentation. This means that it must be possible to collect data that will either support or refute the hypothesis.
• Falsifiable : A hypothesis must be able to be proven false if it is not supported by the data. If a hypothesis cannot be falsified, then it is not a scientific hypothesis.
• Clear and concise : A hypothesis should be stated in a clear and concise manner so that it can be easily understood and tested.
• Based on existing knowledge : A hypothesis should be based on existing knowledge and research in the field. It should not be based on personal beliefs or opinions.
• Specific : A hypothesis should be specific in terms of the variables being tested and the predicted outcome. This will help to ensure that the research is focused and well-designed.
• Tentative: A hypothesis is a tentative statement or assumption that requires further testing and evidence to be confirmed or refuted. It is not a final conclusion or assertion.
• Relevant : A hypothesis should be relevant to the research question or problem being studied. It should address a gap in knowledge or provide a new perspective on the issue.

Advantages of Hypothesis

Hypotheses have several advantages in scientific research and experimentation:

• Guides research: A hypothesis provides a clear and specific direction for research. It helps to focus the research question, select appropriate methods and variables, and interpret the results.
• Predictive powe r: A hypothesis makes predictions about the outcome of research, which can be tested through experimentation. This allows researchers to evaluate the validity of the hypothesis and make new discoveries.
• Facilitates communication: A hypothesis provides a common language and framework for scientists to communicate with one another about their research. This helps to facilitate the exchange of ideas and promotes collaboration.
• Efficient use of resources: A hypothesis helps researchers to use their time, resources, and funding efficiently by directing them towards specific research questions and methods that are most likely to yield results.
• Provides a basis for further research: A hypothesis that is supported by data provides a basis for further research and exploration. It can lead to new hypotheses, theories, and discoveries.
• Increases objectivity: A hypothesis can help to increase objectivity in research by providing a clear and specific framework for testing and interpreting results. This can reduce bias and increase the reliability of research findings.

Limitations of Hypothesis

Some Limitations of the Hypothesis are as follows:

• Limited to observable phenomena: Hypotheses are limited to observable phenomena and cannot account for unobservable or intangible factors. This means that some research questions may not be amenable to hypothesis testing.
• May be inaccurate or incomplete: Hypotheses are based on existing knowledge and research, which may be incomplete or inaccurate. This can lead to flawed hypotheses and erroneous conclusions.
• May be biased: Hypotheses may be biased by the researcher’s own beliefs, values, or assumptions. This can lead to selective interpretation of data and a lack of objectivity in research.
• Cannot prove causation: A hypothesis can only show a correlation between variables, but it cannot prove causation. This requires further experimentation and analysis.
• Limited to specific contexts: Hypotheses are limited to specific contexts and may not be generalizable to other situations or populations. This means that results may not be applicable in other contexts or may require further testing.
• May be affected by chance : Hypotheses may be affected by chance or random variation, which can obscure or distort the true relationship between variables.

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Meaning of hypothesis in English

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• abstraction
• afterthought
• anthropocentrism
• anti-Darwinian
• exceptionalism
• foundation stone
• great minds think alike idiom
• non-dogmatic
• non-empirical
• non-material
• non-practical
• social Darwinism
• supersensible
• the domino theory

hypothesis | Intermediate English

Hypothesis | business english, examples of hypothesis, translations of hypothesis.

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the fact that people or animals do what they are told to do

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কথা বলার গতি

টেক্সট অনুবাদ, সোর্স টেক্সট, অনুবাদের ফলাফল, ডকুমেন্ট অনুবাদ, টেনে এনে রাখুন.

ওয়েবসাইটের অনুবাদ

একটি URL লিখুন

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Definition of hypothesis

Did you know.

The Difference Between Hypothesis and Theory

A hypothesis is an assumption, an idea that is proposed for the sake of argument so that it can be tested to see if it might be true.

In the scientific method, the hypothesis is constructed before any applicable research has been done, apart from a basic background review. You ask a question, read up on what has been studied before, and then form a hypothesis.

A hypothesis is usually tentative; it's an assumption or suggestion made strictly for the objective of being tested.

A theory , in contrast, is a principle that has been formed as an attempt to explain things that have already been substantiated by data. It is used in the names of a number of principles accepted in the scientific community, such as the Big Bang Theory . Because of the rigors of experimentation and control, it is understood to be more likely to be true than a hypothesis is.

In non-scientific use, however, hypothesis and theory are often used interchangeably to mean simply an idea, speculation, or hunch, with theory being the more common choice.

Since this casual use does away with the distinctions upheld by the scientific community, hypothesis and theory are prone to being wrongly interpreted even when they are encountered in scientific contexts—or at least, contexts that allude to scientific study without making the critical distinction that scientists employ when weighing hypotheses and theories.

The most common occurrence is when theory is interpreted—and sometimes even gleefully seized upon—to mean something having less truth value than other scientific principles. (The word law applies to principles so firmly established that they are almost never questioned, such as the law of gravity.)

This mistake is one of projection: since we use theory in general to mean something lightly speculated, then it's implied that scientists must be talking about the same level of uncertainty when they use theory to refer to their well-tested and reasoned principles.

The distinction has come to the forefront particularly on occasions when the content of science curricula in schools has been challenged—notably, when a school board in Georgia put stickers on textbooks stating that evolution was "a theory, not a fact, regarding the origin of living things." As Kenneth R. Miller, a cell biologist at Brown University, has said , a theory "doesn’t mean a hunch or a guess. A theory is a system of explanations that ties together a whole bunch of facts. It not only explains those facts, but predicts what you ought to find from other observations and experiments.”

While theories are never completely infallible, they form the basis of scientific reasoning because, as Miller said "to the best of our ability, we’ve tested them, and they’ve held up."

• proposition
• supposition

hypothesis , theory , law mean a formula derived by inference from scientific data that explains a principle operating in nature.

hypothesis implies insufficient evidence to provide more than a tentative explanation.

theory implies a greater range of evidence and greater likelihood of truth.

law implies a statement of order and relation in nature that has been found to be invariable under the same conditions.

Examples of hypothesis in a Sentence

These examples are programmatically compiled from various online sources to illustrate current usage of the word 'hypothesis.' Any opinions expressed in the examples do not represent those of Merriam-Webster or its editors. Send us feedback about these examples.

Word History

Greek, from hypotithenai to put under, suppose, from hypo- + tithenai to put — more at do

1641, in the meaning defined at sense 1a

Phrases Containing hypothesis

• counter - hypothesis
• nebular hypothesis
• null hypothesis
• planetesimal hypothesis
• Whorfian hypothesis

Articles Related to hypothesis

This is the Difference Between a...

This is the Difference Between a Hypothesis and a Theory

In scientific reasoning, they're two completely different things

Dictionary Entries Near hypothesis

hypothermia

hypothesize

Cite this Entry

“Hypothesis.” Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary , Merriam-Webster, https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/hypothesis. Accessed 24 Apr. 2024.

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Kids definition of hypothesis, medical definition, medical definition of hypothesis, more from merriam-webster on hypothesis.

Nglish: Translation of hypothesis for Spanish Speakers

Britannica English: Translation of hypothesis for Arabic Speakers

Britannica.com: Encyclopedia article about hypothesis

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