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Police Essay Writing Strategy

Understanding effective writing strategies is critically relevant to success at your police test as well as your ability to communicate verbally to others. This section takes a look at the ideal strategies for you to adopt in this regard.

Understanding how to effectively write an essay is more relevant than it may first appear. First and foremost, any aspiring police officer will, at some point, be required to furnish a report of a particular incident. You’ll need to have sufficient communication skills in order to complete this task while being competent at conveying this data to relevant parties. This is why effective communication skills are a core part of the policing curriculum. Having an effective essay writing strategy greatly assists you in this endeavor as you’ll have a structured format to follow for whatever topic is presented to you. This is particularly true as you’re required to pass a police written test where essay writing is central to whether you’ll succeed or not.

Organising Your Ideas

This guide for the police written test begins by analyzing the need for effective organization of your ideas. In the first instance, try not to feel intimidated by the idea of putting pen to paper. After all, your writing work is simply a reflection of what ideas and concepts are in your mind. When you’re writing, always keep this in mind — if it doesn’t sound natural in real life then it won’t sound natural on paper! In other words, try to write the way you’d ordinarily speak and this way you’re guaranteed to benefit from better flows of words and ideas. The essay topic itself could be anything, so while you cannot prepare for every conceivable question you can certainly prepare for every conceivable answer. The first step in this regard is to organize all the ideas that concern a particular question and jot them down on paper.

First, take a look at how the question is oriented: does it say ‘Describe’, ‘Analyse’, ‘List’ etc.? How the question is asked will ultimately determine how you’re going to formulate an answer. Evidently, a list will require a different type of answer than an analysis. Furthermore, if you’re asked to analyse a subject, the last thing you’d want to do is provide a list! Thus, read the question multiple times to ensure you know how to frame your answer. With this in mind, you’ll now have to think about all the relevant ideas that answer that particular question — focus on specific ideas that you can support with evidence. Ideas that cannot be backed up by argument or evidence will not mark well on exam day. Examiners marking the police written exam are looking to see whether you can make these important distinctions.

Each paragraph you write will be populated by just one idea. There is no room for waffle — all your paragraphs will thus contain a central idea that links back to the question asked. This is the purpose of organizing your ideas. Let’s take the contrary essay writing strategy that doesn’t organize ideas at all. This means, as you’ve probably guessed, that the essay will be random and disorganized, liable to stray off into irrelevance while avoiding the question in the hope its content is somehow correct. You cannot take this risk — instead, put pen to paper when you think of these ideas. Never look at this activity as a waste of time as once you have these ideas, all that’s required is the formulation of these ideas into words and paragraphs – a process that will increase your chances of passing your police test.

Structuring Your Essay

Now that you’ve organised all necessary ideas to answer the question, you need to think about how to structure these ideas. Your police test has been designed to see if students have the ability to correctly structure their argument. This is actually much simpler than it sounds and this preparation can begin in the weeks and months leading up to the police written exam. The most efficient way to structure your essay is to break it down into three distinct components:

We’re going to take a look at each of these components in detail and what factors you should consider when utilizing the ideas hitherto organised. Your police written exam will ask for an essay type answer, hence it’s essential that you take adopt all of the strategies outlined both above and below.

Introduction

The introduction of your essay will set down the tone and plan for the rest of the piece. You do not need to include specific points regarding your ideas but you will need to reference what your aims are and what you’re going to do. In other words, you’re required to write an overview of the main topic, what ideas you’re going to discuss, and how this will answer the question at hand. Think of an essay introduction in the same way as meeting somebody for the first time. When you meet them, you don’t start immediately talking about a detailed topic; instead, you begin by greeting them and introducing yourself. In the same way, your essay needs to introduce the topic to the reader so they know exactly where you’re coming from and what they can expect. As a budding law enforcement officer, you’ll need to effectively communicate your ideas and this, too, requires a clear introduction. Passing your police written exam means understanding the structure of your answers just as much as the content of those answers.

That said; there are many effective ways of boosting the quality of an introduction. The best introduction will grab the reader’s attention ensuring they’re enthusiastic to read on till the end. This can be achieved through the use of interesting facts, statistics, anecdotes or reports. Enhancing your introduction in this way is likely to impress examiners as it shows you’ve put effort into grabbing their attention – by adding this nuanced flair to your police test answer, it’s more likely to engage the examiner. Besides, whatever method you decide upon, always ensure relevance to the question and back this up with evidence where required. Take a look at the introduction below to give you some idea of what’s expected of you. The question asks to discuss the impact of uncontrolled immigration on society:

You should note the following about this police test essay introduction:

You can, of course, tweak this approach to suit your needs, but the overall message should be clear. This police test introduction should flow smoothly into the body of the essay — that part of the essay that incorporates your central ideas and arguments to provide evidence for your claims made in the introduction. Your police written exam depends on the ability to write a strong and informed introduction; one that states the message without derailing into irrelevance.

As stated before, the main body needs to be the evident part of your essay. Every major idea that you developed at the organisation phase needs to be fleshed out with its own paragraph during this stage. It’s important, at this stage, to understand exactly what we mean by a paragraph. Try to keep your paragraphs approximately the same length — about 6-8 sentences or 8-10 sentences depending on the length of your exam; the longer the exam then the longer your paragraphs can be. However, don’t make them too long, 10 lines being a convenient limit in this regard. Think of each of these paragraphs as a standalone piece that link together with the introduction to form a smooth flow of ideas. Your police test will require you to have a substantially argued body of the essay, that part of the essay that accrues the most marks. Therefore, you need to spend most of your time on this body, with the ultimate aim of logically arguing your point, each point being backed up by evidence and not idle opinion.

A paragraph in the main body is different to that of the introduction. Your paragraph needs to first state the idea that you’re going to defend. The rest of the paragraph should be spent discussing, providing evidence, or clarifying this idea. Every word you write in that single paragraph must justify its place on the page as well as being wholly relevant to the question at hand. Always ask yourself whether the sentence you’re about to write positively contributes to answering the question, or are you straying from the question, or waffling? The last sentence or two in a given paragraph should be spent clarifying your evidence and introducing how you’re going to approach the next idea in your following paragraph. Evidence, of course, remains a strong theme in policing and therefore it should come as self-evident that it should play a crucial role in answering questions during your police written exam.

The following is an example of a main body paragraph that follows on from the introduction outlined earlier:

You should note the following about this example of a main body paragraph:

You could have 4-6 paragraphs of this length, again depending on the length and type of exam, all formulated in exactly the same pattern. The only difference is the argument and evidence you adduce to support every idea you put on paper. When you’ve finished every main body paragraph, you can now approach developing your conclusion to the essay topic. The bulk of your police test question has now been answered, with the conclusion acting to draw all the major evident strings together to determine the final answer to the essay question.

This police study guide has, thus far, emphasized the need for a solid introduction and an evident body. However, the conclusion plays an equally pertinent role in the overall structure of your police test essay. The conclusion, just like every other paragraph, should be approximately the same in length and tone. However, the focus here should be on drawing together all the strings of evidence you’ve produced to reach your conclusions thus far. The conclusion, therefore, should refer back to the introduction, referencing the original aims of the essay and how you delivered on these aims. Just like the introduction, there should be no original ideas, but rather it should act as a summary of the ideas you produced in the main body paragraphs. Indeed, your entire essay should be focused on approaching your conclusion, in other words, delivering all the aims to arrive at a successful conclusion of the police test question at hand.

The following is an example of a conclusion based on the earlier question about immigration:

You should take note of the following with respect to writing a conclusion:

This police test strategy is sure to reap dividends on examination day as you’re now equipped to follow a structured and logical approach in delivering your answer. Recall that every word must justify its place on the page in answering two important questions:

You must avoid falling for the trap of talking about things you’re proficient at just because you’re proficient at it — the question will not change and so while you might be making great points, you’ll end up answering the wrong question and getting penalized accordingly. You must stay disciplined in your approach and structure; sticking to it through the entirety of your police test question. Your police written test result is sure to improve should you follow these steps without aberration – enhancing your prospects of becoming a law enforcement officer.

379 Police Essay Topics to Research & Write about

Looking for police essay topics to write about? The field of criminal justice and law enforcement is really exciting, controversial, and worth studying!

🔝 Top 10 Law Enforcement Topics

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In your police essay, you might want to focus on the historical perspective, elaborate on police brutality, touch upon the psychology of a criminal, or discuss the importance of the police as an institution. In this article, we collected a list of excellent law enforcement topics for a research paper, essay, presentation, or other assignment. There are also A+ police essay examples to inspire you even more.

• The role of technology in crime prevention.
• Eyewitness testimony: is it reliable?
• Preventing police brutality: the key methods.
• Race discrimination in law enforcement.
• Gender discrimination in the criminal justice system: does it still exist?
• International drug trafficking: how to prevent it?
• The approach to death penalty in different countries.
• The prison systems around the world.
• Kidnapping: the top motives.
• Body cameras: do they help?
• Police Arrest and Incident Record: O.J. Simpson’s Case J Simpson’s car had blood stain on his driveway and the stain was similar to those that were found at the site of the violent crime.
• Police Deviance For the sake of this paper, the scope of this paper will only examine the code of conduct in reference to the relationship between the police force and the society.
• Discipline as an Integral Part of Effective Police Supervision Supervisors as disciplinarians The ability to maintain discipline among the subordinates is one way of measuring the suitability of a supervisor for the role.
• Police Professionalism: Examples and Issues In order to ensure that the much anticipated policing is achieved, the relationship between the police and the community needs to be streamlined.
• Police Brutality: Internal and External Stakeholders To begin with, internal stakeholders such as police officers and judges have been observed to enforce the law discriminatively. Policymakers can be encouraged to propose and support powerful laws that have the potential to deal […]
• A Ride With a Police Officer By signing the waiver, I assumed all the risks that I could have been exposed to at the time of the ride and throughout the program.
• Police Brutality: Dissoi Logoi Argumentation Under the influence of societal views, the majority of the representatives of the general public tend to perceive police officers as a safeguarding force that gathers individuals who perform their duties to ensure that the […]
• School Bullying: Causes and Police Prevention It is for this reason that there has been need for the intervention of the community and the government to address the issue of bullying schools lest the school environment becomes the worst place to […]
• Dubai Police Force: Human Resource Department The mission for the Dubai police is to strengthen the security systems of the city to facilitate the protection of the citizens’ rights.
• Internal Control Factors Used by Police Departments There has been influencing by the government on police operations and this has weakened the independence of the department in its attempts at internal controls.
• Police Misconduct Actually, prosecutors are always reluctant to try these victims in the court of law for the following reasons; police officers, in most cases, are protected by the prosecutors.
• Police-Youth Relations and Community Policing This is because of the long history of the strained relationship between the Canadian youth and the police which has created a very negative perception of the police to the youth.
• Implementing Budget Restrictions in a Police Department The trust between the public and the police is the essential element of the police forces’ success in protecting the citizens and communities.
• Police-Youth Relations/Community Policing and Young Offenders Aims of the Study The study is aimed at determining the fairness and acceptability of the youth justice system and its effects on the youth-police relations in Canada.
• Importance of Police Training Majority of people have always aspired to become police officers for the reason that the job holders are seen to be the public vigor.
• Excessive Force and Deviance, Police Brutality The events highlighting racial injustice could positively influence our society, maintaining an appropriate level of awareness regarding the issues encountered by African-Americans and prompting a change in police behaviors.
• Excessive Force by the Police On the other hand, the media reported on the severity of misconduct by police officers and cited the Blue code of silence as the key setback against the fight against police torture.
• Gratuities for Police and Professional Ethics As a Chief of Police, I would not allow police officers to accept gratuities because tokens of gratitude can be used to compromise their integrity, judgment, and impartiality in the administration of justice and law […]
• Police Violence Against People of Color The article’s main argument for why racial stereotypes and their behavioural effects are to blame for police violence is that these effects extend beyond the direct victims to communities of colour.”The racialization of crime and […]
• Asian Community and Police Plan to Curtail Future Attacks The police should encourage citizens of the Asian community to report incidences and crime, which allows the law enforcement to fully understand the scope of the problem in the community and put resources to fight […]
• Decision Making in Police Office Management 83, it is essential to say that far from the fact that criminals deserve to serve their sentences in prisons after the trial plays a role and the degree of punishment.
• Media Impact on the Police Public Image Even though the studies indicate mixed results about police use and the application of its powers, how the public perceives the police is primarily influenced by the media.
• Problems Facing Police Departments in Recruiting and Retention People think that as the time goes along, no or little increase in the salary does not satisfy the employees of police departments and compel them to leave the job.
• Police Actions in “44 Minutes: The North Hollywood Shoot-Out” I believe that this crime thriller was shot to restore the reputation of the Los Angeles Police Department. The filmmakers achieved this goal; that is why the film encourages the audience to feel proud of […]
• High-Speed Police Car Chases: A Deadly Pursuit In the year 2010, specifically in Milwaukee, the policy chief introduced a new policy indicating that the police force was not to engage in these violent and high-speed chases if the crime of the suspect […]
• Change Management Steps in Police Organizations In the constantly changing world, every organization needs to adjust to the current environment and alter according to the dictates of the time, and police departments are also subject to this phenomenon.
• Police Brutality in the USA This paper aims to discuss the types of police brutality, the particularities of psychological harm inflicted by the police, and its consequences for the population affected by these forms of violence.
• Police Officers and Cultural Differences This is because the police force holds specific power in this section of society, a factor that necessitates a proper understanding of a multicultural and pluralistic society among the officers.
• Criminal Justice Ethics of Traffic Police Officers The police officer had the choice to take the children to a juvenile center home and arrange for a person to take care of the baby and then take the woman to jail as she […]
• Police Officers, Killed in the Line of Duty In particular, it is necessary to focus on their experience in the field, line of work, the structure and jurisdiction of their departments.
• Organization of Abu Dhabi Police This led to a change in the organization structure of the police force, an increase in the number of police officers, introduction of rigorous training and development exercises, and the acquisition of sophisticated technology to […]
• Ambivalence on Part of the Police in Response to Domestic Violence The police have been accused of ambivalence by their dismissive attitudes and through sexism and empathy towards perpetrators of violence against women.
• Is Tipping a Police Officer a Bribe? In the context of law enforcement, a gratuity is a gift to operating officers based on their occupation. However, there is a blurry line between tips, gratuity, and bribes, and it is the main argument […]
• Pros and Cons of Being a Police Officer: Police Oficers’ Interviews To investigate the Pros and Cons of this profession aims, and attitudes of police officers I conducted the interview with two police officers from different departments and of different ages.
• Human Rights Violations by Police: Accountable in Discharging Their Duties Corey in his study and reflection on two mass exonerations, that is, the Rampart and Tulia exonerations, identified police misconduct, and in particular perjury as the primary cause for wrongful convictions.
• Concept of Police Detective Job In order to qualify for recruitment as a police detective, the candidate must have a minimum academic qualification of high school diploma or an equivalent of the same.
• Corruption and Accountability of Police Work In this regard, lack of strong and proper policies on misconduct and unethical behavior in the line of duty has helped to perpetrate the corruption of law enforcement officers in various sectors of their work.
• The Police Agency’ Conflict Management In the police agency, parties may use the collaboration strategy involving information sharing, openness, and elucidation of the various conflicting issues not only to reach a common ground that is satisfactory to the conflicting parties […]
• San Diego Police Department The department also addresses the issues affecting the surrounding community. The applicant should be a citizen or inhabitant of the United States.
• Bangladesh Police Institution This paper will concentrate on the police institution reform in order to make the police institution free of corruption, compromise, and injustices to the citizens.
• Police Brutality: Graham vs. Connor, 490 U.S. 386 In this essay, a summary of the Graham and Connor case and the decision of the court will be introduced. In case this suggestion is correct, Connor appears as a police officer who failed to […]
• Domestic Violence Factors Among Police Officers The objective of this research is to establish the level of domestic violence among police officers and relative the behavior to stress, divorce, police subculture, and child mistreatment.
• The Dubai City’s Governance and Economy In conclusion, the Dubai Emirate is a symbol of the unique governance and Law enforcement mechanisms compared to all other major global cities.
• Mental Illness Emergencies and Police Response According to Dempsey et al, the roles of law enforcement agencies and the police when dealing with individuals with mental illness are to assess the situation, intervene, provide support, and connect individuals with mental illness […]
• The Atlanta Police Department’s Code of Ethics An interesting regulation issued by the Atlanta Agency is related to the onset of the coronavirus pandemic and has been implemented at this stage.
• The Drawbacks of Police Wearing Body Cameras Thesis: Despite the claimed benefits of police wearing body cameras, such as increased transparency and accountability, the drawbacks of invasion of privacy, breach of trust, and cost implications make the use of body cameras a […]
• Police Culture: Criminal Justice Ethics The set of values and standards in police culture shapes the perceptions of law enforcement officers about policing and the delivery of services. Therefore, police culture is similar to other customs and habits that guides […]
• The Wakefield Police Department (WPD) in Memphis Solutions A designated task force is created from the pool of officers to routinely monitor repeat offenders and supervise young individuals who are more likely to engage in carjacking again.
• Relation Between Leadership and Police Ethics To prevent such situations in the future, it is essential to put effort into addressing the moral beliefs of the team and ensuring the organizational values are being shared among all officers.
• Mental Health Interventions for Police Officers The expected outcome of this study is a generalized classification of existing mental health interventions available for the police workforce and their assessment in terms of efficiency.
• Police Academy Training: Comparing Across Curricula All in all, the investigation proves that the COPS is a more efficient curriculum that leads to better performance in recruits due to it being well-designed and adjusted to the modern model of policing. Overall, […]
• A Train Hits Police Vehicle With a Suspect Inside On the one hand, there is the suspicion that the train was used recklessly and endangered the life of the suspect, while on the other hand, train officials argued that they did so to apprehend […]
• Killing Fields: Explaining Police Violence Against Persons of Color In particular, this topic concerns the biased attitude towards people of color among representatives of the protection of law and order.
• Police Agencies: Functions and Responsibilities After the rise of terrorism, the management of the Police agency or organization has evolved in several ways. This suggests that a line supervisor makes explicit requests to their representatives and prioritizes maintaining the “solidity […]
• Mental Health and Well-Being of Canadian Police Officers As found in the study by Tehrani, most police officers that worked during the pandemic have been emotionally affected by it, with the lowest indicators of mental health being strongly related to anxiety and depression […]
• Police Accountability and Community Relations Contrary to expectations, the working of overtime police officers and regular police officers seems to differ, as the former is more hostile to the community.
• Police Departments’ Diversity Hiring Practices The first article by Donohue is titled Shades of Blue: A review of the hiring, recruitment, and selection of female and minority police officers.
• Terrorism and Changes in Police Management Firstly, the police and organizations related to the population’s safety prioritized the prevention of terrorism to minimize the damage. Organizing in the police station involves the creation of organizational structure, points of authority, and responsibilities.
• The Usefulness of Using Offender Profiling to a Police Force Determining the value and effectiveness of this practice can be performed by analyzing the approach in the context of interaction with the police forces involved in the investigation of criminal offenses.
• The Media and the Police: Interactions Analysis The idea of a trust hierarchy is crucial in determining how the media and the police interact. The idea of a trust hierarchy is crucial in determining how the media and the police interact.
• Whether a College Degree Should Be Mandatory for Police Recruits In this regard, technical training and college education are crucial for the police force to effectively perform their work in the community.
• The Police Functions in the Modern World The primary functions of the modern police are crime control, order maintenance, and social work. Moreover, the second point is the changing nature of the crime that the police are fighting.
• The Police Culture and Corruption Goal misalignment between the community and police occurred as a result of militarized police starting to view themselves as armies battling on the front lines of war instead as public servants.
• Professional Police Force: Environmental Research and Public Health In this context, the objective of police advertising is to attract precisely those who are both seriously interested in the position and are well-qualified for it from the potential applicants’ total pool.
• Social Issue Analysis: The Trauma Lens of Police Violence It is the most visible manifestation of the struggle for justice, and the police are usually expected to support the victims of injustice.
• Police Administration Issue: Crime Victim Rights Moreover, the police administration has not acknowledged that the decision of the hospital does, in fact, protect the victims’ rights, a duty that is to be implemented by law enforcement.
• Effects of Body-Worn Cameras on the Relationships Between the Police and Citizens The reasons for carrying out this research are to learn the impact of BWCs on the relationships between the police and ordinary citizens and to clarify if some improvements can be offered at the moment.
• Effective Police Supervision: Encouraging Collaboration With the combination of the two methods in question, a rise in collaboration between the community and the police is to be expected.
• Being Killed by Police Use of Force in the US The topic of the chosen article is the risk of being killed by police in the United States. In connection to the topic, they find that Latino men are at a higher risk than white […]
• Police Brutality: Causes and Solutions If the criminal is armed and firing at the police, the use of force is acceptable. However, when the actions of the police are disproportionate to the committed crimes, the necessity of such measures is […]
• Police Corruption: A Crime With Severe Consequences Police corruption is a severe crime that can lead to adverse consequences for the officer-criminals and society. The documentary “Seven Five” shows the story of one of the most criminal police officers Michael Dowd.
• Black Lives Matter and Trump’s Use of Secret Police He has tried to hide the truth and the police brutality that took Floyd’s life, just as it endangered the lives of other black Americans.
• Police-Minority Relations: Criminal Justice Occasionally, charges of police misbehavior, such as the tragic killings of Black individuals at the hands of police in Baltimore, Maryland, and Ferguson, Missouri, spark public unrest.
• Impact of Police Brutality on the Society in the United States The issue of racism is one that has led to police brutality that has been witnessed in the American society for a long time.
• The Ethical Issue of Police Informants The inconsistency of Chambers’s figure lies in the fact that the agent pretended to be a person without a criminal past to get the job.
• Analysis of Mapping Police Violence After analyzing the content on the web page related to police violence, I realized that there are more murders committed by police than I expected.
• Police-Involved Shootings and Use of Force Analysis Adler and Adler expressed this scenario in the form of “The Gloried Self” a socially- and media-reflected blinding self-image of glory. Police officers should not be hesitant and incapable of maintaining order in the streets.
• March for Our Lives: Campaign to Defund Police in Schools The fundamental goal of the March for Our Lives movement is to inspire Americans to avoid unnecessary risks and prevent gun violence by any means.
• Howard Liebengood’s Life as a Police Officer For example, he took part in an event that celebrated the meaning of justice, where he demonstrated to children the various practices of the everyday life of an officer.
• Firing Police Officer for Violation of Code of Ethics Therefore, the officer’s actions could not be judged in any other way, and the fact of being off-duty does not justify the violation of the Code of Ethics of his department.
• Defunding the Police: What Does It Mean? Those supporting the action of defunding want to see true reforms in the police force and cut down the ‘rotten trees’ that have been tarnishing the reputation of the institutions.
• Impacts of the Overlaps Between Communication and Criminal Justice for Police-Suspect Interactions The underlying concern raised by the interaction between Floyd and Chauvin as well as the other three police officers is that a breakdown of communication before and during the arrest led to the escalation.
• How to Become a Police Officer: Steps, Duties, Requirements, and Challenges Police officers are responsible for ensuring the safety of all the citizens and capturing the criminal in order to maintain a process. It is sufficient for those who are confident about the job and wants […]
• George Floyd’s Speech on Police Abuse I could do nothing but shout everything that was coming into my head, and the main thing that I was trying to deliver is that I was hurt, that I am not a bad man, […]
• COMPSTAT Police Management System Still, the original objective of this management system was to eliminate the numbers game in police departments. To summarize, COMPSTAT is a management system that can elevate the effectiveness of police departments.
• Police Departments in Los Angeles, New York, and Atlanta The Knapp Commission was a major investigation of corruption within the New York Police Department in the 1970s. It was influential as it uncovered a massive and deliberate system of chain corruption that pulled in […]
• Police Use of Force: An Examination of the Minority Threat Perspective The authors are intended to explore whether gender and sex are influential in the context of criminal justice. It is essential to adjust to the modern changes of self-identification and respect people in their self-representation.
• The UN as a Global Police Force and Negotiation Facilitator The purpose of the paper is to address the failures and successes of the organization’s peace initiatives in an effort to evaluate its ability to ensure greater global security.
• The Problem of Racism in the Police Force Atiba argues that the problem of racism, especially in the police force, is solvable. In most of the cases, it is often interpreted as lack of love and compassion towards people of the other race.
• Police Encounters With Suspects and Evidence Officer Taylor also had reasonable suspicion to make the driver stop the care as it had similar characteristics to the vehicle involved in a road-side killing of a police officer.
• Police Relations With African American Citizens The problem of police brutality and unfair treatment of people is often raised in the media and provokes protests among citizens.
• The Sexual Harassment Suit: Pennsylvania State Police vs. Suders The purpose of this paper is to present the cause of the suit, analyze the results of the case, and propose possible actions and procedures to prevent the problem.
• Illegal Police Actions. Fourth Amendments. There are many loopholes used to evade the jurisdiction of the fourth amendment thus it can be argued that it does not provide sufficient protection to U.S.citizens. It is a big problem when police officers […]
• Stress Patterns in Police Work: A Longitudinal Study The research problem identified by the investigator relates to the prevalence of distress in the police occupation. The primary variable of the study was the mean stress measure, which was derived from the Langner-22 list […]
• Training Police Officers. Obtaining Data From Digital Devices In the context of present-day developments, figures saved and produced via modern gadgets and devices, may contribute to the clarification of the happening in the process of investigation.
• Instruction for a Police Officer in Curaçao Hence, the first crucial aspect of the instruction is to convey to Curacao citizens the idea that the police protect the fundamental rights and freedoms of the individual, especially human life, preventing and solving crimes, […]
• History of Police Brutality: The Murder of George Floyd Police officers strive to maintain order and ensure adherence to the laws of the state. The standards observed the right to democracy and addressed the need for representation.
• Researching of Police Shift Work The video by The Center for Evidence-Based Crime Policy offers the study results regarding the influence of 8-, 10-, and 12-hour shifts on police officers.
• Police Technology Risks Regarding Personal Privacy Nevertheless, some of the technologies used by police and other agencies have raised concerns of the public over the threat to citizens’ rights and freedoms.
• Agency Interaction and Police Corruption One of the officers told me that I do not need to pay for my food at this restaurant because the owners give it free to the police officers.
• Public Concern on Police Service’s Poor Morale To show the City Council that this is a problem, the study set up should defeat the null hypothesis that the negative job satisfaction of police in the city council has no effect on job […]
• High-Speed Police Pursuits & Restrictions in the US The research methodology proposed in the paper aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the restrictive policies applied to police pursuits. How did the numbers of police pursuits change in correlation with the implemented policies?
• In-House Communications Training for Police Officers Following the onset of the demonstrations related to George Floyd’s incident, the Dallas Police Department released a report that its officers struggled to communicate with the public and act as a unified force.
• Data-Based Analysis Approach in Preventing Crime at Dallas Police Department The main objective of the proposed approach, in contrast, is to enhance the effectiveness of the analysis and research functions within the Intelligence Led Policing Division. It would allow to change the existing system of […]
• Replacing the Police Chief: Spanning’s Recruitment Plan Thirdly, due to the political and non-reforming nature of some of the council members, Spanning had another advantage of performing proper background vetting and presentation of the appointee to the council.
• The Police in the 2005 Urban Uprising in Toledo The 2005 Toledo Riot is an event that fulfilled the seven attributes of modern city rebellions while at the same time painting a true image of race relations, inequality, and crime in the United States. […]
• Friendship Police Department Organizational Change The one that is going to challenge the efforts, which will be aimed at rectifying the situation, is the lack of trust that the employees have for the new leader who they expect to become […]
• Body-Worn Cameras Against Police Brutality in New York There is often a legal foundation to such a privileged position; the laws control the oppressed class and mitigate threats to the power of the ruling class.
• Criticism of the Police Recruitment Method This paper will criticise the police recruitment process and the criteria used in the selection of police officers, particularly the use of background investigation to determine a participant’s integrity and personality testing using psychological tests, […]
• Police Activities and Lessons Learned From the Attacks Thus, the research aims to discuss and analyze the police reaction to the accident and the effectiveness of the realized operations as well as the importance of the lessons learnt for the further development of […]
• Police Pursuits Overview and Analysis Whenever a police tries to stop a motorist and the motorist decides to disobey the order of the police officer and evades, the police can initiate a pursuit.
• Professional Development of Police Officers: Grant Proposal and Presentation Therefore, the department needs to train its officers to help them analyze what causes of violence in the area. Therefore, the department will train some of its officers to help them rehabilitate juvenile offenders in […]
• Police Corruption, Misconduct and Brutality: When a Good-Cop-Bad-Cop Routine Goes Wrong The given cases show that, sadly enough, power abuse among the members of the police department is still an issue, and it is probably going to be as long as the means to coordinate the […]
• Conflicts of Police Officers With the Members of the Minority Groups This question is discussed by a lot of researchers according to a variety of social aspects such as the relations of majority and minority groups, the rate of crimes according to the racial characteristic, the […]
• Impacts of Terrorism on Police Mission in the U.S. The incidence of September 11 2001 has remarkably transformed the police force in the U.S. There is an increase in the level of monitoring of international travels and boundaries by the police force.
• Law Enforcement: Police Misconduct and Police Violence The article further points out the need to have better guidelines to govern the police on the use of Tasers. This has led to the loosening of the bond between the police and society.
• Burglary Under Greenfield Police Department Investigation The principal in particular can provide the record of the students who are usually absent from the school at the time the burglaries occur.
• Police Action in Times of Public Crisis At other times, the police will tend to go against the law and do things, which are not acceptable, not only by the law of the country but also to the social ethics of citizens.
• “Understanding Police Use of Force” by Klahm, C & Tillyer, R. To effectively bring out the correlates of police use of force and the varied reaction this is likely to amass from the general public, the writers of this article have borrowed from a number of […]
• The Police Mission, Operational Strategies, Styles of Policing Today Besides enforcing the order, the mission of policing is to investigate activities suspected as criminal and refer the outcome to the court of law.
• Police Performance and Measurement The diverse array of citizens requires police to be constantly trained on how to handle the individuals in the society. Lastly, the unclear mandate of the police has been an impediment to the work done […]
• Cops Count, Police Matter: Of Tactics and Strategy In ensuring the police play an active role in crime control, the authors take note of the flawed argument suggesting that acts of crime are caused by poverty, the economy, demographics, racism and social injustice, […]
• Intimate Partner Violence Against Police Officers The main goal is to make it known that the problem is extreme in the rural areas and urge the law enforcement agencies to utilize the existing law to solve the problem.
• Racial Profiling by Police: Effects and Possible Remedies When the police engage in racial profiling mistrust between the public and the police arises. The causes of such mistrust may be due to poor communication between law enforcement individuals and community members due to […]
• Discretion of Police in Traffic Stops The police should then have called the parents to inform them of the incident and charge the boy for disobeying the law.
• Ethical Decision-Making Among Police Officers It is the success of the institution in protecting the law that must be the highest motivation for a police officer to regulate his actions.
• Behavior of a Police Officer Within an Ethical Dilemma First and foremost, one should note that one of the most typical ethical concerns in the relevant field is the cases of discrimination on the ground of the national origin.
• Ethical Observations: Sexual Misconduct of Police The first issue to pay attention to is the sexual misconduct involving the police officer and the crime victim. Two internal investigations were initiated to determine whether the sexual misconduct was observed in relation to […]
• Police Recruiting and Hiring in Jurkanin’s Article He likens police work to sports because it requires officers to be highly dedicated to their duties. Police officers need to acquire advanced skills to help them deal with different crimes that happen in areas […]
• Key Issues That Influence Police Behavior The role of the police in the society is central when it comes to ensuring law and order. The policing task is the most prominent manifestation of the government and is easily recognizable by members […]
• Evaluating Productivity Metrics: Police Effectiveness Overall, the use of multiple criteria is partly based on the premise that police officers should be empowered by the administrators of law-enforcement agencies. This is one of the details that should be singled out.
• Police Effectiveness Analysis At that, effectiveness is the ability to achieve the goal set whereas efficiency is the ability to accomplish certain tasks in the shortest time and with the use of minimum effort, funds, and so on.
• Discipline of Police Force Affects Trust in Public All the police personnel have the right of legitimate use of force when carrying out their duty of enforcing the law.
• Academy Program for Police Recruits Learning academies provide the foundation and therefore they cannot be eliminated in training force for the sake of police officers to be.
• The 1919 Boston Police Strike In August 1919, the Boston police strike started when the police service attempted to seek unionization in the American Federation of Labor. Administratively, the structure of the police force also contributed to the grievances of […]
• Instances That May Result to Police Liability One common thing, however, is that in all the countries of the world, the body that concerns itself with the responsibility of enforcing the governing laws is the police.
• Police, Justice and Law: Knights in Shining Armor Therefore, the legitimacy of the comparison of police to warriors depends on the concept that the person making the comparison has of a warrior.
• Dallas Police Department: Training Techniques Changes The author of this paper identifies the problem to be a lack of proper training and the use of outdated modes of instruction.
• Police Suicide: Causes, Prevention, Impacts As much as the media and the general population assume police officers are less susceptible to stress and depression due to long exposure to the life stressors, research indicates otherwise.
• The Police Operation and Entrapment: A Case Stude After Bob took the bomb to Carl’s house and placed it on Carl’s automobile, the police had all the evidence they needed that Bob was attempting to murder Carl. Here, the police observed Bob strapping […]
• Excessive Force and Brutality in Police There are several policies and precedence cases that guide the concept of the use of force in the police force. To avoid such cases in the future, there should be new policies that guide the […]
• Los Angeles Police Department’s Organizational Climate Bureaucracies and red tapes, the nature of leadership and generally the organization culture are among the key elements that determine the organizational climate.
• Motivation in Police Department This is because most of the time those in supervisory levels in the various workplaces do not know how to effectively communicate with their employees, intending to encourage them to work to reach the goals […]
• Police Approach of Security Depends on Skin Color and the Accent of the Tongue The consequences of this trend by the police are highlighted by the paper just as much as statistics that indicate the presence of discrimination by the police.
• Job Description of a Police Officer Police officers are members of the police force and go by different names according to their ranking within the police force.
• Police Personality Position Overview On the other hand, work-related personality, also referred to as socialization and experience point of view, suggest that most of their individuality traits are acquired in the course of their police work.
• Portland Police Community Officer Core Obligations A police officer is expected to monitor violations of the law and regulations in the respective area of jurisdiction. In cases of casualties for example in an accident scene a police officer is expected to […]
• Police Accountability Analysis The policing strategies are supposed to agree with the expectations of the society in order to make both the police work effective as well as to enhance the relationship between the police and the community.
• Criminal Violations Committed By Police/Correction Any show of disrespect for police authority is a matter of great concern, and as such, the person responsible is likely to be punished by arrest or use of force.
• The Los Angeles Police Department Los Angeles Police Department is the police department for the city of Los Angeles. It is the mission of the Los Angeles Police Department to safeguard the lives and property of the people we serve, […]
• The Use of Discretion in Police Work This is a reasonable discretion and the police officer is free to make any decision. In such a situation, a police officer is free to make any of the two decisions.
• Police Role Description in the Media Secondly, the police’s role as crime fighters is depicted by the arrest of the teenagers as well as the collection of the evidence.
• Concepts of Police Ethics and Deviance Corruption is one of the most common police deviant behaviors, a fact that has tainted the image of the police in society.
• Police and Racial and Ethnic Minorities The view is that profiling is not only limited to what the police are engaged in towards the blacks but that the whole prosecutorial system is compromised.
• Police Search and Law Procedure Although they fled from the place, the police could reach them with the help of the evidence. According to the Fourth Amendment, the authority should have a warrant if they have to arrest a person […]
• Desdemona and Vince: Legal Issues in Police Conduct The legal issues that can be mentioned in the case of Desdemona and Vince include the aspects of the whole procedure of arrest as well as the process of questioning.
• Police and Policing – Change in Police Role The new implementation of the act was encountered by public fears as the members of the public were not comfortable with the militaries that were deployed in mater to do with domestic affairs, as they […]
• The Issues of Police Violence Analysis Social skills and the norms of society are learned in this process, allowing children to better develop in the future. Because of their inability to concentrate or catch up with others in terms of basic […]
• Trends in Police Recorded Crime in Northern Ireland Michael O’Sullivan notes, “according to the PSNI, the number of violent crimes has doubled in the past year, and the number of cases of violence without injuries has increased by 80%”.
• The Legality of the Use of Force by the Police Often, the protection of the rights of the majority is carried out through the use of physical force against a perpetrator.
• Ethical Police Problems
• The Role of Fusion Centers in Affecting the Work of Police
• San Diego Police Officers Asscociation
• Police Brutality: Social Issue
• Victims’ Assistance: Maryland Police Departments Websites Analysis
• Risk Management in Police Force Institutions
• Gender and Perception of Police Work
• LAPD and Cultural Awareness Courses to Police Officers
• Handling the Case of Police Officer Tom Delany
• Police Corruption in “The Detonator” by Wesley Snipes
• Police Officers Working With Diverse Population. Challenges and Solutions
• Cross-Cultural Contact by Police and Civilians
• Police Department Administration in Abilene
• Abu Dhabi Police Department’s Total Quality Management
• Abu Dhabi Police Department Innovations
• The Use of Force by the Police: A Perspective
• Police Officer Job Analysis
• Police Psychologist Interpretation
• Arming Police Assault Rifles
• Top Court Rules Against Police in Search Case
• Shortfalls in Recruiting and Retention: New York Police
• Police Officer Pushed a Cyclist: Media Coverage
• Organizational Structure in American Police Analysis
• Police Dogs Usage Analysis
• Stress of Police Officers and How They Cope With It
• Police Functions: Forensic Science and Fingerprinting
• Police Administration Structures in America
• Police Interrogation: Legal Issues and Limitations
• Police Investigative Questioning and Techniques
• The Job of Police Detective
• Training Theories for New Police Recruits Review
• Waterloo Regional Police’s Centralised Information System
• Setting Up of a Behavioral Science Unit in a Police Department
• Police Liability Issues and High Speed Pursuits
• The Police Tapes by Alan and Susan Raymonds Review
• Policing: CompStat and San Diego Police Department
• The New York Police Department’s Policing Style
• Royal Canadian Mounted Police vs. Software Piracy
• Strategies of Police Organization
• Police Reform in Russia: Evaluation of Police Corruption
• Police Corruption in Russia: Determinants and Future Policy Implications
• Walker’s New Framework for Police Accountability
• Police Decision Making Analysis
• Professional Police Officers Nowadays
• Police Support for Community Problem-Solving and Broken Windows Policing
• The New York City Police Department and Society
• Police Departments and Accreditation
• Small Police Departments’ Organizational Analysis
• The Case of Terryl Smith, the Oakland Police Officer
• The Los Angeles Police Department Program Initiative
• Police Brutality as a Law Enforcement Challenge
• Social Psychology: Police Brutality
• Technology Influences on Police Brutality
• Anti-Terrorist New York City Police Department Shield
• The Job of Police Officers
• Police Misconduct and Addressing Recommendations
• False Confessions and Unethical Police Behavior
• Individual Liberties: Police Searches Without a Warrant
• Dubai Police and Cooperation With Media
• Police Stereotyping in a Multicultural Society
• Manners of Death in Police
• Los Angeles Police Department’s Use of Force Policy
• Designing a Recruitment Program for the WA Police
• Noble Cause Corruption in Police Officers
• Criminal Law: Racial Profiling by Police
• Hiring Police Officers in Five Steps
• Police Officers’ Bias Against Black Men
• Police Officers’ Excuses for Unethical Behavior
• Police Officer’s Career Research
• The New World of Police Accountability
• How Can Police Develop Trust Among the People?
• Student Police Officer’s Decision-Making in Campus
• Decision-Making and Problem-Solving in the Police
• Police Attitudes Toward Drugs and Drug Enforcement
• Criminal Justice Administration and Police Functions
• Police Psychologist’s Role in Homicide Investigation
• Police Officer Situational Analysis
• Police Corruption and Citizen’s Ethical Dilemma
• Police Force in Interactions With Mentally Ill
• Abu Dhabi Police Self-Assessment
• Police Accountability and Public Information Access
• Police Accountability and Vollmer’s Reform
• Police Managing the Ambiguities of Gifts
• Dubai Police Applying Total Quality Management
• Police Misconduct and Forces of Deviance
• Police Accountability and Community Policing
• Police Workplace Discipline and Misconduct
• The Abu Dhabi Police Corporate Sustainability
• Police Officer’s Must-Have Characteristics
• American Police Corruption and Its Classification
• Police Departments: Defective Areas and Solutions
• Interrogation Techniques Used by the Police
• Police Communication Skills Importance
• Police Beliefs and Attitudes Towards Interrogating Minors
• Decision-Making Information System for Police Department
• Police Officers’ Attitudes to Mentally Ill Women
• Predictors of Job Satisfaction Among Police Officers
• Baltimore Maryland Police Department
• Ending Police Misconduct: Cleveland Police Department
• The Organizational Reasons Police Departments Don’t Change
• Justice Department Ends Era of Pushing Police Reform
• Police Misconduct and Civil Forfeiture Law
• Quarantine, Its Legal Process and Police Power
• Police Officer’s Power Abuse and Plain View Doctrine
• Police Shooting Behaviour, Memory, and Emotions
• Local Police Role in Homeland Security
• Police Patrol Presence in Crime “Hot Spots”
• Police Culture in “The Critical Criminology Companion”
• The Management of Police and Development of Law
• White Police’s Discrimination Against Black People
• Homeland Security: Police and Profiling
• Corrupt Practices of the Police and Correctional Systems
• Police Stress Within Law Enforcement
• South African Police Service vs. Solidarity obo Barnard
• Organizational Culture in Police Department
• Black Panthers’ Violence Against Police Officers
• Police Officers’ White Lie in Criminal Investigation
• Power Abuse in Police Officer’s Actions
• American Police Officers’ Ethics and Professionalism
• Dubai Police and Expo 2020 Security Strategies
• Blue Wall of Silence in Police Subculture
• Police Issues and Practices Discussion
• Police Officers’ Morale and Resources Availability
• Police ‘Shooter Bias’ Against African-Americans
• Police Ethics and Misconduct
• Police’ Discretion: Definition, Examples and Rationality
• The English Influence on Modern Police
• Police Technology: Development and Progress
• Management and Philosophy for Police Departments
• Dubai Police Force Organizational Culture
• Police Violence as a Mutual Problem
• Abu Dhabi Police GHQ Management and Leadership
• Knowledge Sharing in the Dubai Police Force
• Is Dubai Police Force a World Class Organization?
• Police Officer Job Requirements and Hiring Process
• Employees Management in the Police Department
• Police Supervisors’ Influence on Law Enforcement Changes
• Police Development Foundations and Functions
• Police and Corrections Officers’ Stress – Psychology
• American Police Community Relations
• Communication and Ethical Issues in Police
• Police, Courts and Corrections Management
• Police Poor Adherence to Established Codes of Conduct
• Abu Dhabi Police Organizational Change
• Police Authority or Brutality?
• Social Issues: Police Protection of the Ku Klux Klan
• Police Work in Community
• Police Abuse and Laws Against It
• The Abu Dhabi Police
• Police Suicide and Preventive Programs
• Public Administration Issue: Police Brutality
• Final Program Evaluation: Increasing Police Numbers to Reduce Juvenile Crime in the UAE
• Increase Police Numbers to Reduce UAE’s Juvenile Crime Rate
• Police Service Transformation: A Critical Evaluation of Implementing Transformational Leadership in the Homicide Division
• The Royal Oman Police’ Traffic Safety
• Use of Social Media in The Police Force in Queensland
• Proposed Budget for an Additional Five Police Officers for the City Council
• Police Trauma: Paying the Ultimate Price to Protect and Serve
• New Technological Advances Within the Police Department
• The Decision-Making Process of the Police Service
• National Security Policies That Intersect/Conflict With Local Police Power
• Community Policing and Police Psychology
• The Role of Public Police in United States
• History of Police Psychology
• Police Misconduct: What Can Be Done?
• Organization Behavior: Steelhead Police Department
• Management of Police Department
• Virtual Police Department
• Contrast the Different Levels of Police Operations and Their Unique Operations
• Water Regional Police Services Project Implementation
• Police Response to the Ningbo Protest: Justified or Inappropriate?
• Police Minority Killings
• Corruption in Law Enforcement
• Police in Law Enforcement Misconduct
• Police Subculture: Culture’s Factors and Performance
• Greenfield Police Department’s Hiring Process
• DNA Definition and Its Use by the US Police
• How Police Conduct Towards Women of Color?
• Why Did the Police in 1888 Never Catch Jack the Ripper?
• How Police Access Data Obtain Criminal Information?
• How Female Police Officers Help Decease Police Violence?
• How Local Police Departments Handling Terrorism?
• How Can Police On-Body Cameras Be Useful?
• How Can the Police Secure Public Legitimacy?
• How Have the Police Departments Evolved Over the Last Thirty Years?
• Why Racism Among the Police Not Punished?
• How Can Technology Help Police and Government Officials Solve Crime?
• Why Police Prejudice Against Minorities?
• Why Do the Police Don’t Care About Computer Crime?
• How Could the Ethical Management of Health Data in the Medical Field Inform Police Use of DNA?
• How Police Effectively Cope With Stress Stemming From Work?
• Why Should All Police Officers Carry Tasers?
• How Are Computer Forensics Used in Police Investigations?
• Why Police Officers Engage in Corruption?
• Who Invented the Police Force?
• How Police Agencies Handle the Process of Interrogation?
• What Is Police Doing About Domestic Violence?
• How Does Media Affect the Public’s Perception of Police?
• How Might Police Officers Be Held Criminally Liable for Their Misconduct?
• What Are the Staff Positions in a Typical Police Department
• Are Offender Profiles Useful in Police Investigations?
• Why Do Police Officers Perceive Themselves as True Outsiders?
• What Are the Major Functions of the Police?
• How the Police Overstep Their Mandate When Searching People?
• How Police Have Used Crime Linkage?
• When Does Police Discretion Cross Boundaries?
• Why Are Police Called Bobbies?
• Chicago (A-D)
• Chicago (N-B)

IvyPanda. (2024, March 2). 379 Police Essay Topics to Research & Write about. https://ivypanda.com/essays/topic/police-essay-topics/

"379 Police Essay Topics to Research & Write about." IvyPanda , 2 Mar. 2024, ivypanda.com/essays/topic/police-essay-topics/.

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IvyPanda . 2024. "379 Police Essay Topics to Research & Write about." March 2, 2024. https://ivypanda.com/essays/topic/police-essay-topics/.

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7 habits of successful police officers

If you want to be the kind of officer that others respect and want to emulate, this is what it takes to get there.

Successful officers consider themselves a work in progress, regardless of their years of service or the successes they’ve accumulated.

Photo/Police1

What personal traits do you have to possess for your peers and the public to think you’re one helluva cop? In other words, what does it take these days to be a successful police officer?

We previously reported the views of nationally known trainer Kevin Davis on the qualities of a successful policing agency . Now we’ve asked Davis to construct a companion list, itemizing the attributes of successful officers, those stand-out hard-chargers who are best constituted to take care of business effectively and legally in even the most challenging assignments.

“Success is not defined by time on the job,” says Davis, a veteran with a medium-size municipal agency in northeast Ohio. “You may bring some of these qualities with you when you start on the job and you can develop them all regardless of tenure.”

These traits are not all-inclusive, nor are they static goals, he points out. “They require constant nurturing and reinforcement. But in my observation and experience, if you want to be the kind of officer that others respect and want to emulate, this is the core of what it takes to get there.”

Feel free to add to or comment on Davis’s vital seven:

1. Intrinsic motivation

“It’s tough to be a cop anywhere in the world today,” Davis allows. “When was the last movie you saw where a police officer was a squared-away individual and not a human wreck? Disrespect for law enforcement seems to be part of a general societal degradation.

“These days, you may not get motivating pats on the back from extrinsic sources. You have to be driven by a steel-plated, intrinsic positive attitude that’s your durable epicenter of professionalism, regardless of the reactions of others.

“There’s a saying that you should ‘shine your shoes for yourself, not for anyone else.’ That’s the attitude of the true professional , and it’s manifest in the way your uniform and leather look, in the way you take care of yourself so you can do a better job, and in the way you go out every day looking for crime and offenders instead of being a ‘spectator cop’ who sits back and watches others be the ‘real police’ getting things done.

“Policing is not a game. You have to be mentally and physically prepared each day for whatever may come down the road. Focus on what you can control (your attitude and behavior) rather than what you can’t control (society’s perceptions). The aura you create will radiate out from you.”

2. Decisiveness based on legal knowledge

Uncertain, indecisive officers are a threat to themselves, fellow officers and the community they serve. Successful officers, in contrast, “can make quick, confident decisions because they know what they can and can’t do under the law and according to their department’s policies and procedures,” Davis says. “You can’t make a good decision on anything – vehicle stops, Terry stops, use of force, search and seizure – unless you know what conforms to the rules of your profession.”

Although the continuous flow of legal information may seem intimidating, “it’s important to stay up on court decisions because they affect what you do every day,” Davis says. “The best cops will have a better working knowledge of the law than most prosecutors and judges.”

3. Devotion to training and practice

“Training is what you learn from someone else. Practice is a gift you give yourself,” Davis says. “For success, both need to be constant. The best musicians tend to be those who practice the most. The same is true for cops. The more you sweat in training and practice, the less you’re likely to bleed on the street.

“We’re a fast-food nation. We want things now, in 10 easy lessons, one DVD. But the truth is that there’s no easy way to become good. Some behavioral scientists have estimated it takes 10,000 hours of practice and experience to truly master complex skills.

“When bullets are flying and people are trying to kill you, you need to rise to that occasion and go home safely when it’s over. But you better have practiced extensively and regularly for that day. If you haven’t, you risk doing something really stupid by over-reacting or under-reacting.”

Davis says that successful officers recognize law enforcement as a “true profession” that incorporates a wide variety of skill sets. To perfect them may require seeking outside training at your own expense if your department won’t foot the bill. Training and practice are an officer’s “lifeblood,” Davis says. “They’re an investment in your own future. You gain confidence from competence and competence from hard work that never ends.”

4. Weapons mastery

Any professional to be successful must be familiar and competent with the tools of his trade. For LEOs, that includes the duty firearm , the tactical baton, pepper spray, the TASER, and “all other weapons systems you carry, including your personal physical and verbal weapons,” Davis says.

“For successful cops, there is no acceptable alternative option: You must master the weaponry for every level of force you may be called upon to use, beginning with command presence. In a life-threatening situation, you want your pistol to appear in your hand and on target without conscious thought. Developing skill to that level takes time and effort, but without mastery, the results when your life is on the line could be catastrophic.”

Good tactics that allow you to gain and maintain an edge of advantage can be thought of as part of your weapons system. “A successful officer knows how to prevent a fight as well as what to do in a fight,” Davis observes. “With tactical skill, you deny an adversary the opportunity to assault you, so you don’t have to go toe-to-toe with him or blindly race into a situation and make yourself an easy target.”

Tactical competence needs to be an evolving art. “Take time to learn trends – what the criminal population is innovating, what’s new that you’re facing out there – so you can adapt your alertness and behavior accordingly,” Davis advises. “Again, take the initiative in educating yourself to understand your enemy. Waiting for your agency to inform you can be dangerous.”

5. SMEAC planning

“If you fail to plan, you plan to fail. It’s that simple,” Davis declares. He’s talking about goal-setting and pathway-mapping across a broad spectrum: your next call, your career, your life outside of policing.

He believes that successful officers employ a planning approach represented by the acronym SMEAC – Situation, Mission, Execution, Administration and logistics, Command and Signals.

Situation: First, you identify clearly the individuals and circumstances you’re dealing with. What are you involved in or heading into? “You access as much current intelligence and background as you can to help you see as complete a picture as possible,” Davis says.

Mission: What is your goal; what exactly are you trying to accomplish? “Without a goal, you have no focus.”

Execution: You lay out simply and methodically a strategy for how you’re doing to accomplish your mission. What help do you need from other people? Who does what exactly? “You have to be flexible enough to alter your plans as the situation evolves, but thinking about your tactics in advance is a safeguard against winging it,” Davis explains. “In law enforcement when we just wing things tends to be when we screw up bad.”

Administration and Logistics: This refers to nitty-gritty practicalities. “On a SWAT call-out, for example, this step includes deciding what radio channel you’re going to use, checking to be sure everyone has a vest and handcuffs, assigning who’s riding in what vehicle, determining how you’re going to get to the scene – important details that assure your plan moves forward smoothly,” Davis says.

Command and Signals: How are you going to communicate and relate to the parties involved?

6. Integrity

“The dark side of law enforcement is always looming,” Davis warns. “The history of this profession is filled with good, aggressive officers who lost their way. The challenge is to go about your life on and off the job in an ethical way.

“A successful officer can swim in the swamp of life on the street and not come out stinking. He or she can hunt monsters without becoming one. Ethics is often taught in law enforcement classes. The successful officer makes it an action as well as an idea.”

7. Continuous improvement

Successful officers consider themselves a work in progress, regardless of their years of service or the successes they’ve accumulated. When it comes to successful performance, “you are never completely and permanently there,” Davis says. “There are always opportunities for improvement, and the successful officer actively searches for ways to be better.”

There may be breakthrough moments when radical changes occur. But more likely – and usually more reliable – is an ongoing series of small changes that arise through self-reflection and identification of ways to enhance your personal and professional lives.

“Taking incremental, continuous steps is usually more desirable than attempting giant leaps,” Davis says. “Improvement that’s not drastically different is easier to implement. As times change and circumstances change, it’s important to keep evolving in positive ways if you want to stay successful.”

Kevin Davis consults with agencies throughout the country on firearms, use of force and other training issues.

This article, originally published on 12/01/2010, has been updated.

Charles Remsberg has joined the Police1 team as a Senior Contributor. He co-founded the original Street Survival Seminar and the Street Survival Newsline, authored three of the best-selling law enforcement training textbooks, and helped produce numerous award-winning training videos.

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Advancing Policing Through Evidence-Based Practices

Oxford University Press's Academic Insights for the Thinking World

What makes a good policing leader?

Leadership for Sergeants and Inspectors

• By Mark Kilgallon
• July 29 th 2015

Over the last 20 years I have been involved in policing leadership development against a backdrop of increasing complexity. I have had the enviable role of having been a police officer, medically retired as a result of an almost fatal stabbing, as well as being a coach and mentor to high performing leaders at all levels in the service.

I propose that too frequently, leaders have been seduced by literature that seeks to reduce the highly contextual aspects of leadership into a set of easily digestible behaviours: ‘the 8 habits’; ‘the 10 success factors’; ‘the 5 essential roles’. In working through the context, complexity, and connections within which policing leaders frequently engage, this focus on simplicity has had little utility. It risks the danger of creating an unrealistic set of almost messianic skills that are unachievable by any one person. Good leaders therefore often feel disempowered and unfulfilled by failing to achieve a decidedly contentious set of principles.

In a significantly structured and stratified profession, policing leadership is never assured simply by the achievement of rank. Some of the most positively influential leaders in operational policing function through an informal network of influence rather than a rank based context. Regardless of rank or role, the various policing cultures pride themselves in their ‘can do’ approach to managing complex operational scenarios, so competence in this field is a necessity of good leadership. If they are to maintain the respect of their followers, high performing leaders recognise and act upon the need to be equipped to fulfil their operational responsibilities. Therefore, we can say that there is a disproportionate alignment between good leadership and operational competence.

From an operational perspective, police officers are acutely aware that they possess power on behalf of the state. Experienced officers, however, are equally mindful that the under-utilisation or enforcement of these powers frequently creates a negotiated settlement, and long-term positive impact for community relations. Implementing powers of arrest is relatively easy; successfully negotiating a valued-based outcome that doesn’t default to the use of state-authorised power takes considerably more skill and leadership.

…a good leader recognises the need to minimise their self-centred approach and move towards a more emotionally intelligent style

While the action-centred aspects of the policing cultures have helped individuals and teams achieve remarkable outcomes, the more reflective aspects of leadership have often been neglected. The public have become increasingly exasperated when policing seems to repeatedly make the same mistakes. In order to compliment the action-centred leadership approach, some policing leaders are increasingly engaged in creating learning rather than learned environments. Self-aware and self-reflective practitioners are encouraged to explore their modus operandi in a constructive manner, focused on continuous professional improvement.

At a personal level, a good leader recognises the need to minimise their self-centred approach and move towards a more emotionally intelligent style, where self-awareness becomes the vital leadership competency. In my experience, poor leaders consistently talk about themselves; good leaders are enthused by the opportunity to explore and nurture the talent that is within their sphere of influence.

In working with high performing policing leaders, one frequent characteristic to emerge is their ability to absorb considerable amounts of personal pressure on behalf of the organisation. Managing the demands of constant change, dealing with a personal complaint under intense public scrutiny, managing highly emotional and emotive public order interactions, coping with the dead and dying: all have a personal cost for those engaged in delivering, managing, and leading the organisational outcomes. While the vocational aspects of policing no doubt help focus individuals towards a greater purpose, nevertheless good leaders are capable of absorbing the strain and recognising its existence in others.

At a strategic level, good leaders demonstrate – and are able to articulate – a clear ethical vision for the future of the service. This has vital importance as it negotiates the often-contradictory space between the internal needs of staff and officers, the short-term requirements of politicians, and the long-term demands of the communities policing seeks to serve. This ethical vision is underpinned by a set of clearly expressed values that help those delivering the service bridge the gap between theory and praxis. Leaders thus create an environment where ethically-informed officers feel empowered and supported to take risks with their decision-making.

Policing leaders are now more conscious than ever that a multi-leader, public service approach to managing resources and outcomes is required. High performing leadership is now more focused towards articulating the value that policing brings to a connected public sector delivery. Negotiating, influencing, and compromise are critical success factors.

Featured image: Inverness Burgh Police Special Constabulary (WW2 era) 2 of 3 by Dave Conner. CC-BY-2.0 via Flickr .

Mark Kilgallon is a qualified Executive coach and mentor, and Senior Fellow at Derby University. His work with the UK police service is recognised as being a world leader in its field. He has a PhD in Police Organisational Culture, is a member of the Association of Chief Police Officers’ Ethics Committee, and has carried out work for the FBI. More of Dr Kilgallon's commentary can be seen at Policing Matters .

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[…] Here’s a thoughtful essay on police leadership from a well respected UK police practitioner/educator who has had the opportunity to serve as a mentor/coach for numerous police executives. […]

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We police in a volatile, uncertain, complex, and often ambiguous environment. I agree that we tend to simplify leadership, when the challenges police leaders face are anything but simple.

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Essay on Ambition To Be A Police

Students are often asked to write an essay on Ambition To Be A Police in their schools and colleges. And if you’re also looking for the same, we have created 100-word, 250-word, and 500-word essays on the topic.

Let’s take a look…

100 Words Essay on Ambition To Be A Police

Introduction.

Ambition is a strong desire to achieve something in life. Many people dream of becoming police officers. This essay discusses the ambition to be a police officer and its importance.

Why Police?

Police officers are crucial for maintaining law and order. They protect us from harm, ensuring our safety. Their role is challenging yet rewarding, making it an admirable ambition.

Characteristics Required

To become a police officer, one needs certain qualities. These include honesty, bravery, and a sense of justice. These traits help officers perform their duties effectively.

Training and Education

Becoming a police officer requires proper training and education. This prepares one to handle different situations, making them competent in their role.

In conclusion, the ambition to become a police officer is noble. It involves serving the community and ensuring peace and safety.

250 Words Essay on Ambition To Be A Police

Why be a police officer.

Many people dream of becoming a police officer. This job is a great choice for those who want to help others and keep their community safe. A police officer’s role is to maintain law and order, protect citizens, and prevent crime. They are the brave hearts who risk their lives for the safety of others.

The Power of the Uniform

The police uniform is a symbol of authority, respect, and responsibility. When a person wears this uniform, it shows that they have the power to enforce the law. It also tells others that they are there to help in times of need. Many children look up to police officers as role models and aspire to wear the uniform one day.

Training and Skills

To become a police officer, one needs to undergo rigorous training. This training helps in building physical strength and mental toughness. It also teaches various skills like problem-solving, quick decision-making, and effective communication. These skills are crucial for handling different situations in the field.

Job Satisfaction

Being a police officer can be very rewarding. They get the chance to make a real difference in people’s lives. Saving someone in danger, helping solve a crime, or simply helping a lost child find their way home can bring immense job satisfaction.

The Path Ahead

If you have the ambition to be a police officer, start preparing from an early age. Focus on your studies, stay physically fit, and develop good communication skills. Remember, it is not just a job, but a commitment to serve the community.

In conclusion, the ambition to be a police officer is a noble dream. It requires dedication, courage, and a strong desire to make a difference. It’s not an easy path, but the rewards are worth the effort.

500 Words Essay on Ambition To Be A Police

The ambition to become a police officer is a noble dream that many young people have. It is a job that requires bravery, honesty, and a strong sense of justice. This essay will explore the reasons why someone might want to become a police officer, the qualities required, and the steps one needs to take to fulfill this ambition.

Why Become a Police Officer?

Being a police officer is not just a job, it’s a calling. It’s about making a difference in the world, keeping people safe, and upholding the law. Many are drawn to this profession because they want to help people and make their communities safer. Others may be inspired by family members who are police officers or by stories of heroic cops they’ve heard or read about.

Qualities Needed

To be a good police officer, one must possess certain qualities. These include bravery, as police officers often find themselves in dangerous situations. They must be honest, as they are trusted to uphold the law. Good judgment is also important, as they must make quick decisions that can have serious consequences. They should also be physically fit, as the job can be physically demanding.

Education and Training

To become a police officer, you need to complete your high school education. After that, many choose to earn a degree in criminal justice or a related field, though it’s not always required. Next, you must attend a police academy, where you’ll learn about the law, criminal investigation, and police procedures. You’ll also undergo physical training to ensure you’re fit for the job.

Challenges and Rewards

Being a police officer can be challenging. They often work long hours and have to deal with difficult situations. They may have to confront criminals or deal with accidents and emergencies. Despite these challenges, many find the job rewarding. They get the satisfaction of knowing they’re helping to keep their community safe. They also have the respect and gratitude of the people they serve.

In conclusion, the ambition to be a police officer is a commendable one. It requires a person to be brave, honest, and dedicated. It involves rigorous training and can be challenging. But for those with a strong sense of justice and a desire to serve their community, it can be a fulfilling career. So, if you have the ambition to be a police officer, pursue it with all your heart. It’s a noble goal that can make a real difference in the world.

Word Count: 500

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Police Leadership 2.0.: A comprehensive systematic review of the literature

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Rui Coelho de Moura, Andreia Borges, Sónia Morgado, Nelson Ramalho, Police Leadership 2.0.: A comprehensive systematic review of the literature, Policing: A Journal of Policy and Practice , Volume 17, 2023, paac068, https://doi.org/10.1093/police/paac068

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Police are required to operate in complex social, political, and organizational environments. Nowadays, challenging times highlight the role that police leaders play in ensuring that the organization is effective in dealing with such environments. The purpose of this paper is to expand the systematic review of literature of Pearson-Goff and Herrington (2014 , ‘Police Leadership: A Systematic Review of the Literature.’ Policing: A Journal of Policy and Practice 8(1): 14–26) by: (1) including studies after the date considered by the authors; (2) following the PRISMA-P approach to systematic reviews; and (3) include European studies. Based on 7,041 records, which ended up in 101 eligible empirical pieces, evidence supports previous findings about what are the characteristics of police leaders as well as the actions expected by them. This comprehensive systematic review also identifies additional characteristics and actions that are important nowadays in police leadership. Overall, the current study encourages future studies on the thematic, and contributes to practitioners aiming to develop continuous improvement strategies inside the police.

Police operate in complex social and political environments ( Casey and Mitchell, 2007 ). Police leaders need to have the competences to handle these challenging environments ( Borges, 2013 ). Nowadays, numerous challenges are being posed to police leaders, namely new technologies like body-worn cameras ( Hansen Löfstrand and Backman, 2021 ; Farrar and Southerland, 2015 ), reputational crisis like black lives matter ( Washington and Henfield, 2019 ), and social crisis due to COVID-19 ( Maskály et al. , 2021 ). As organizational reforms take place within the police ( Powell and Worrall, 2021 ), it is of special interest to re-conduct a systematic review to address the updated profile of police leaders in terms of their competencies and expected actions. But what is leadership? Leadership is one of those concepts that are very hard to define. This article aligns with Broadbeck (2001) that defines leadership is seen as the ability to persuade, inspire, and empower individuals (and groups) to contribute towards the achievement of organizational goals. The current study takes the challenge to update the systematic review conducted by Pearson-Goff and Herrington (2014) by including recent studies and investigations from other geographic areas, namely Europe which was not analysed so far.

A systematic literature review is a review of ‘a clearly formulated question that uses systematic and explicit methods to identify, select, and critically appraise relevant research and to collect and analyze data from the studies that are included in the review’ ( Moher et al. , 2010 , p. 264). The current systematic literature review was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) approach ( Moher et al. , 2015 ). The PRISMA approach entails a four-phase flow diagram, which was used to report our results (see Fig. 1 ).

Review flow according to PRISMA-P criteria.

In line with Pearson-Goff and Herrington’s (2014) systematic review, we consider research from the USA, UK, Canada, New Zealand, and Australia. To expand their work, we also consider research from European countries. We ended up with eligible research from 14 European countries, that is, Germany, Belgium, Slovenia, Spain, Finland, France, the Netherlands, Ireland, Italy, Norway, Poland, Sweden, and Ukraine.

Search terms

The search action was conducted using the following databases: Emerald, Taylor & Francis, Wiley, SAGE, Ebsco, Springer, and European Union Agency for Law Enforcement Training.

Table 1 shows the terms used to search in the databases adopted in line with Pearson-Goff and Herrington (2014) terms. Also aligned with the authors, ‘truncations were used to search multiple iterations of a particular word stem. Tier one retrieved literature relating to police organizations, as opposed to other public or private sector organizations; tier two aimed to find leadership-related literature. Systematic searches involved pairing each work in tier one with each word in tier two and searching in the title, abstract, and keyword fields’ (p. 2).

Systematic review search items

Leader*: Leader; Leaders; Leadership.

Manag*: Manager; Management; Manage; Managing.

Administrat*: Administrative; Administration.

Selection criteria

A number of criteria were specified to gather the most relevant studies. In all databases, we only included peer-reviewed articles, published in English, and with a time period between January 2013 and September 2021. Articles also had to fulfil the two criteria defined below.

- Be an empirical article.

- Be published in a peer-reviewed journal. This criterion was used since peer-reviewed journals are considered as the most reliable sources of scientific information.

Study selection

We began by screening the titles of all the retrieved articles for eligibility. Those articles that didn’t match the above-mentioned criteria were eliminated. In the next step, the abstracts were screened for eligibility, and finally, the full text of the remaining publications was checked. All articles deemed relevant were further coded as follows: name of authors; title; year; country; source; type of study; document type; research questions; theoretical approach (if any); study methodology; sample ( N ); mentioned skills; mentioned actions; results and conclusions. This procedure (data extraction) is part of the content-analysis process to make an overview of the characteristics of the articles included in this research.

PRISMA flowchart

Considering the selection criteria defined, 7,041 articles were identified from the databases (see Fig. 1 ). Out of 7,041, 519 duplicates were removed which means that 6,522 articles were screened. After title/abstract screening, 1,391 were eligible for full-text screening. There were three reasons for final exclusion: (1) being out of topic; (2) not being empirical articles; and (3) exclude on country, that is, research that was not developed in Europe, USA, Canada, UK, Australia, and New Zealand. The current systematic review ended up with a total of 101 eligible records. Table 2 shows the breakdown of the 101 studies by country and year of publication. Table 3 shows the breakdown of study methodology.

Breakdown of studies by country and year of publication

Note: European countries include: Germany ( n = 3), Belgium ( n = 3), Slovenia ( n = 1), Spain ( n = 3), Finland ( n = 1), France ( n = 1), Netherlands ( n = 7), UK ( n = 16), Ireland ( n = 1), Italy ( n = 2), Norway ( n = 2), Poland ( n = 1), Sweden ( n = 2), Ukraine ( n = 1), multiple countries ( n = 4).

Breakdown of study methodology

Selection bias

To assure quality, a sample of articles was independently coded by a second coder. This procedure has been adopted in previous research (e.g. Van Laar et al. , 2017 ). We selected a randomized sample of 15% of the articles contained in the final database. The second coder evaluated based on the eligibility criteria and assessed the title, abstract, and full text of each article. In the next step, we used Cohen’s kappa coefficient to measure inter-rater agreement. The inter-rater reliability was 0.76, which shows good agreement between the two coders.

What are the attributes of police leaders?

Following the literature review conducted, 14 key attributes/competencies were identified, which are displayed as follows:

Authoritative. This attribute, which stems from a strong military heritage, refers to the ability to respectfully establish relationships of authority and subordination ( Meitl et al. , 2020 ). Different from an authoritarian, an authoritative leader supervises and sets norms and limits within a positive climate where communication and empathy prevail ( Dinham, 2007 ).

Communicative. Communication emerges as an extremely important attribute associated with police leadership, being tightly linked with the transformational leader profile ( Can et al. , 2017 ; Molines et al. , 2020 ). Internally, communication should be fluid and perceived as effective ( Breevaart et al. , 2015 ; Pearson-Goff and Herrington, 2014 ). The crucial role of feedback stands out. This tool is directly related to better organizational performance ( Audenaert et al. , 2021 ). Overall, a good communication flow, where not only leaders but also subordinates make themselves heard, is highly beneficial. It facilitates the sharing of important information and problem solving ( Petrou et al. , 2018 ).

Effective (decision-making processes). According to the literature, perceived effective decisions are dependent on the leader’s ability to articulate with the members of the organization. Such can be achieved, for instance, by developing active listening techniques. In other words, police leaders must listen to what others have to say ( Breevaart et al. , 2015 ; Schaveling et al. , 2017 ; Zheng et al. , 2021 . Paradoxically, the leader’s level of autonomy should be equally high ( Farr-Wharton et al. , 2021 ; Shortland et al. , 2020 ).

Investigative. Perceived effective decisions are often based on facts and evidence, which oftentimes provide the ability to foresee critical situations. Through investigation tools, police leaders may more rapidly advance with a prior response to address adversity. That said, analysis and intervention skills are fundamental to the exercise of strategic leadership ( Lumsden and Goode, 2018 ; Mitchell and Lewis, 2017 ; Movchan and Taranukha, 2018 ; Telep, 2017 ).

Strategic. Inseparable from the previous attribute is the ability to think strategically. According to previous literature, police leaders manifest strategic thinking when (1) they rely on prior knowledge and/or (2) develop up-to-date knowledge that enables to make good and sustained decisions ( Eliasson, 2021 ; Lumsden and Goode, 2018 ; Movchan and Taranukha, 2018 ; Viglione, 2019 ).

Innovative. Openness to what is new is another characteristic of perceived effective police leadership ( Davis and Bailey, 2017 ; Grint et al. , 2017 ; Molines et al. , 2020 ; Whelan, 2016 ). As Bond-Fortier (2020) mentions, ‘innovation is needed to reform’ (p. 2). To that end, the police leader must foster creative thinking ( Loewenberger et al. , 2014 ) and keep up with emerging technological innovations.

Legitimate. Legitimacy is an important attribute that supports the leaders’ authority in the organization and society ( Hoggett et al. , 2019 ; Tyler and Lind, 1992 ). Broadly speaking, the concept of legitimacy is defined as a set of actions that are perceived by others as desirable and appropriate within belief system, norms, and values ( Suchman, 1995 ). Police leaders should be seen as legitimate individuals to make decisions and implement change ( Grint et al. , 2017 ).

Ethical. Ethics is perceived in the literature as a strong predictor of police legitimacy. That is because police leaders are required to act with fairness, integrity, and honesty, that is, in line with the organizational values of the police ( Davis and Bailey, 2017 ; Inzunza et al. , 2019 ; Mitchell and Lewis, 2017 ). Internally, inclusion is an increasingly valued characteristic ( Alderden et al. , 2017 ; Workman-Stark, 2015 ) and has translated, for example, into greater integration of female gender members into leadership roles in the organization ( Morabito and Shelley, 2018 ; Veldman, 2017 ). As a general rule, police leaders’ communication with all elements of the hierarchy should be ethical ( Dijkstra et al. , 2014 ). Moreover, supervision should be equally ethical and perceived as fair ( Bishopp et al. , 2016 ; van Craen and Skogan, 2017 ). In fact, subordinates exhibit higher levels of satisfaction and better performance when treated fairly ( Paoline and Gau, 2020 ; Reynolds and Helfers, 2018 ).

Trustworthy. In addition to legitimacy, the ethics of the police leader is directly related to the trustworthiness placed in him/her ( Can et al. , 2017 ; Tomaževič and Aristovnik, 2019 ). The effective police leader is the one who can gain the trust of the community as well as his subordinates who see in their leader an individual with whom they can easily share information ( Perez et al. , 2017 ).

Supportive. Caring for subordinates is fundamental, mainly in order to gain trust, increase engagement, and promote organizational cohesion ( Biggs et al. , 2014 ; Ingram and Lee, 2015 ; van Gelderen and Bik, 2016 ). Given the demands of police duties, the risk, and the physical and psychological consequences associated with them, it is critical that leaders empathize and are proactive in finding solutions for safety and well-being ( Emeriau-Farges et al. , 2019 ; Lawrence et al. , 2017 ; Vickovic and Griffin, 2014 ).

Cooperative. The police leader should be cooperative as this facilitates bridging and developing partnerships with entities outside the organization ( Jurek et al. , 2017 ; Kim et al. , 2017 ; Martin et al. , 2017 ; O’Neill and McCarthy, 2014 ). Literature emphasizes partnerships with academia/experts (e.g. Sanders and Langan, 2021 ) and with elements of the community through participatory citizenship initiatives (e.g. Lee and Zhao, 2016 ).

Role model. Intrinsically related to a transformational leadership typology, the inspirational leader or role model is a key motivational factor in any organization. By inspiring others with his or her example and charisma, the leader is able to motivate and inspire his or her subordinates, promote group cohesion, and therefore more easily achieve organizational goals (e.g. Álvarez et al. , 2014 ; Batista-Foguet et al. , 2021 ; Cockcroft, 2014 ; Masal, 2015 ; McKergow et al. , 2016 ; Molines et al. , 2020 ; Sarver and Miller, 2014 ).

Emotional intelligence. Due to the complexity of the police leader’s job, which involves solving demanding problems and managing people effectively, it is essential for the police leader to have emotional intelligence to be able to handle what is required. In general terms, the police leader must be able to handle his or her emotions and anticipate the emotional reactions of subordinates. Likewise, the police officer must be able to identify individual and team needs, improve responsiveness, and therefore improve organizational performance. There is currently a plethora of studies that corroborate the need for an emotionally intelligent police leader (e.g. Arnatt and Beyerlein, 2014 ; Filstad and Karp, 2021 ; Inzunza et al. , 2019 ; Murphy, 2015 ).

Resilient. A crucial attribute, not only associated with leadership profiles but at all hierarchical levels of a police organization, resilience is characterized by the ability to overcome and recover from adversity ( Filstad and Karp, 2021 ). Research specifically focused on the study of resilience as a core attribute of the police (e.g. Farrar, 2017 ; Vogelvang et al. , 2014 ).

What are the expected actions of police leaders?

From the literature review, nine activities were identified which effective police leaders engage in. In line with Pearson-Goff and Herrington (2014) , we recognized the five following actions: creating shared vision; engendering organizational commitment; care for subordinates; driving and managing change; and problem solving.

‘Creating shared vision’ relates to strategies aiming the development and sharing a common vision within the organization. These involve, in major part, communication strategies that help create a sense of purpose for followers ( Can et al. , 2017 ; Maskaly et al. , 2017 ; Sarver and Miller, 2014 ). Related to this was the need for ‘engendering organizational commitment’. Giving support, voice, and feedback to subordinates is key to enhance commitment ( Rogiest et al. , 2015 ; McKergow and Miller, 2016 ; Van Gelderen and Bik, 2016 ).

‘Care for subordinates’ is also an action of effective police leaders, and concerns taking responsibility for subordinates’ well-being, security, and providing them with opportunities for development ( Ingram and Lee, 2015 ; Tomaževič and Aristovnik, 2019 ; Grassi et al. , 2018 ).

Police leaders should be also effective in ‘driving and managing change’. ( Workman-Stark, 2015 ). Lastly, the final action is ‘problem solving’. This action involves collaborative and proactive styles of problem solving ( Eitle et al. , 2014 ; Johnson, 2015 ; Vito and Vito, 2015 ) to address ‘complex, interdependent and unforeseen problems’ ( Pearson-Goff and Herrington, 2014 , p. 5).

Different from Pearson-Goff and Herrington (2014) , this literature review identified the following actions: data analytics; enhance police interactions with external entities; dealing with leadership adversities; and creating effective action plans.

‘Data analytics’ has been valued for helping make good and sustained decisions. Under the police environment, literature focuses on the support that experts can provide in problem-solving processes ( Lumsden and Goode, 2018 ; Movchan and Taranukha, 2018 ; Telep, 2017 ). Another important action that has been increasingly valued is the capacity to ‘enhance police interactions with external entities’. These involve community members, governmental and intergovernmental entities. Ultimately, these relations help improve the effectiveness of police leaders and their staff ( Sanders and Langan, 2021 ; O’Neill and McCarthy, 2014 ; Masal, 2015 ).

Broadly related to all police members should be the capacity to deal with work adversities. Specifically, ‘dealing with leadership adversities’ is an action of effective police leaders. Literature highlights the need to develop training sessions in resilience ( Vogelvang et al. , 2014 ; Farrar, 2017 ; Ivković, 2015 ).

Lastly, effective police leaders should ‘create effective action plans’. Related to ‘data analytics’ and ‘problem solving’, this action involves thorough processes that enable the anticipation of problems and effective resolutions ( Viglione, 2019 ; Lone et al. , 2017 ).

Leadership and rank

In line with Pearson-Goff and Herrington (2014) , we noted some differences between ranks when it comes to leaders’ competences and actions (see Tables 4 and 5 ). In other words, competencies and actions differ across different levels at the organization. For instance, senior leadership and middle managers should excel in decision-making, strategic thinking, being ethical and innovative. Executive leaders are more expected to be cooperative. In terms of actions, middle managers should focus on caring for subordinates, while senior leaders excel at creating effective action plans, and driving and managing change. Executive leaders should enhance police interactions with external entities.

Breakdown of leader characteristics by sample

Breakdown of leader actions by sample

Findings from the current systematic literature review, which rely on 101 empirical pieces, show that there are 14 attributes and 9 actions that characterize effective police leaders, although effectiveness is not objective, which is indeed one of the limitations of the literature. Overall, the study suggests that, while there is some consensus with the previous literature review conducted by Pearson-Goff and Herrington (2014) , there are additional characteristics that have emerged due to the challenges faced nowadays by the police.

The new attributes identified include authoritative; emotional intelligence; investigative; strategic thinking; and resilient. Moreover, four new actions emerged as important for police leadership: data analytics; enhance police interactions with external entities; dealing with leadership adversities; and creating effective action plans.

Nonetheless, we should highlight the key characteristics that were identified by both literature reviews. These have been, for a considerable time, pivotal in police leadership: ethical; trustworthy; legitimate; role model; communicative; effective (in decision-making processes); and thinking ability. Also, the following actions: creating shared vision; engendering organizational commitment; care for subordinates; driving and managing change; and problem solving.

Overall, the current study has numerous contributions. From an academic standpoint, this literature review followed a PRISMA-P approach and considered European studies which are aspects that lacked in the systematic literature review performed by Pearson-Goff and Herrington (2014) . In line with these authors, we evaluated all leadership levels of the organization which is an aspect that remains largely neglected in leadership research. Indeed, there is still a tendency to view police leaders as a homogeneous group. Moreover, most police studies continue being focused on subordinate opinion; therefore, this study contributes to the police leadership topic that has been understudied. From a practitioner standpoint, our findings demonstrate considerable consensus with ‘leadership competency frameworks’. For instance, the recent Canadian Police Knowledge Network Report ( Botschner et al. , 2020 ), which identify competencies required in police leadership. Our proposal concerning the police leader characteristics and actions also converges with the US Department of Interior Police Competency Model ( US DOI, 2020 ) which identifies some emerging competencies in upper levels of Grade Standard police officers that express those in our framework (e.g. ‘creative thinking’ with ‘innovative’ or ‘partnering’ with ‘Enhance police interactions with external entities’). Likewise, having opted to describe elements as attributes and actions is also in line with the design of the EU Agency for Law Enforcement Training ( Brekelmans et al. , 2005 ) competency framework which also opts to state competencies with a focus on the required actions (e.g. ‘Develop a common view on the core tasks of the police in EU co-operation’) thus making them more actionable.

The study is not without limitations. First, although being a small limitation, the second coder could analyse a higher percentage of articles. Second, the current systematic literature review did not include literature from some key geographies. In a way, the current study considered a small sample of articles, given the eligibility criteria. Nonetheless, we included literature from Europe which was not examined earlier.

Future studies could perform a systematic literature review ‘leadership 3.0’ on the topic considering other geographies like Africa or Latin America where cultural idiosyncrasies may shape extant leadership 2.0 findings. In addition, and given the lack of studies, a competency-based approach to police leadership could be further developed in future studies by following cross-sectional, longitudinal, or experimental approaches. Namely, the impact of competencies on performance and effectiveness at individual, team, and organizational levels.

The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

This research was supported by Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT).

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Police reform in the spotlight

Colleen Walsh

Harvard Staff Writer

Harvard panel examines the history of policing in the U.S., and ways to move forward

In the weeks since George Floyd was killed by a white police officer, police reform has become a rallying cry, with many activists demanding states, cities, and towns defund their police departments and divert money spent to social supports and community resources instead. Some have called for the police to be abolished. Some lawmakers on Capitol Hill have responded to the call to overhaul the criminal justice system, but a lack of bipartisan consensus and competing reform bills has stalled any meaningful legislation.

In that framework, several scholars addressed the question of police reform last week during an online talk sponsored by Harvard’s Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study , exploring the nation’s history of policing, what it will take to overhaul a system seen as rife with misconduct and racism, and how America is failing to live up to its democratic beliefs.

“I think the best statement of the movement for Black Lives Matter ideals right now are that the fundamental structure of society itself needs to be rethought, and that policing is just the prism to do this work,” said Harvard’s Brandon Terry , assistant professor of African and African American studies and social studies.

Terry said steep economic inequality and low social mobility have brought the U.S. to a “crisis of legitimacy,” and the systems supporting those must be overhauled to help those in the “worst-off neighborhoods,” who are “really experiencing a kind of spectacular and mutually reinforcing tangle of structural and community violence.”

“If you look at redlining, lead poisoning, incarceration, and unemployment, all of these things map rather neatly onto violent crime,” said Terry. “And amidst this crisis of legitimacy, we have set police off on a self-undermining task of using state-sanctioned violence, arrest, and confinement to enforce property law and criminal law against the most marginal and disadvantaged members of society.”

Brandon Terry, assistant professor of African and African American studies and social studies.

Kris Snibbe/Harvard file photo

Terry said the cost of fixing these deep structural problems, a policing system that operates against a backdrop of distrust, “an adversarial approach to conflict fueled by litigation, and the most firearms of any society in the world,” and the use of race as a “proxy by police and citizens to justify surveillance, harassment, and other symbolic forms of violence against Blacks” are the most immediate problems to address.

Princeton anthropologist Laurence Ralph took up the question of how law enforcement is funded. “Public funding is the lifeblood of the police system as we know it,” he said. “Yet it remains debatable as to whether or not that funding has made our society safer, especially for a person of color at the receiving end of the police officers’ command or the police officers’ violence.”

Ralph, whose work and research has largely focused on Chicago, said that city paid $662 million to settle police misconduct claims between 2004 and 2016, and such settlements are a line item in a budget that typically allocates $1.46 billion dollars a year to policing. While calls to defund the police have been heard in Chicago for more than two decades, he said the current urgency is an opportunity to think strategically about what comes next.

“It’s not merely a call for extracting resources. It’s also a call for reprioritizing resources, and thinking anew about what priorities and what society values … The question then becomes, how do we think in a holistic way that yes, provides community resources, but also strips away some of the power that enabled these forms of violence to happen in the first place?”

During the panel discussion, Yale law professor and sociologist Monica Bell, Ph.D. ’18, said the process of significant police reform requires a “deep interrogation” of why communities of color have long distrusted the police.

“The starting point, analytically and from a legal estrangement framework, is to say, ‘We’re not going to presume that there’s some something wrong and that something needs to be fixed within communities that distrust the police,’” said Bell, whose area of expertise includes criminal justice, welfare law, housing, and race and the law. “The starting point is to examine the institution and to examine specific processes of exclusion of racialized subordination, etc., that are flowing from that institution.”

“It remains debatable as to whether or not that [public] funding has made our society safer, especially for a person of color at the receiving end of … the police officers’ violence.” Laurence Ralph, Princeton

Changing the police also requires examining the country’s founding vision of democracy and asking difficult questions such as “What has been democratic about our country after all?” and “What can a new vision of democracy look like?” said Ralph, who co-directs Princeton’s Center on Transnational Policing. He called the number of guns and law enforcement agencies in the U.S. “unprecedented,” and major barriers to change. Envisioning police reform is difficult when so many officers worry they might have to “outgun this imaginary criminal that could sprout up at any moment,” he said, and reliable oversight of more than 18,000 police departments, each with its own distinct policies and procedures — a reflection of the nation’s history of states’ rights — is almost impossible. But Ralph suggested that one way forward is to begin the reform process at the “hyperlocal” level, with city councils, in the hopes that such efforts might spark a bigger wave of reform.

Citing his research of more than 100 police torture cases from the ’70s, ’80s, and ’90s, Ralph said another major challenge to police reform is the tendency to dismiss claims of police abuse when the victim has a criminal record. But efforts like those used during the Civil Rights era to focus attention on a “pristine victim” — someone like Rosa Parks, for instance — to highlight abuses suffered by Black Americans creates another problem. Putting forth only unimpeachable victims can lead to the “subtle and implicit argument” that those who “aren’t pristine” deserve to be brutalized, Ralph said.

Addressing both history and the current moment, Terry, who recently taught the General Education course “Martin Luther King, Jr. and the Question of Conscientious Citizenship,” said the Black Lives Matter movement has pushed back against the “politics of respectability” by acknowledging that following societal expectations is neither “a reliable safeguard against mistreatment” nor “a reliable standard by how we should evaluate moral worth and the kind of civic standing that people should have.”

During a Q&A session, many online viewers wondered whether changing the makeup of police departments to include more officers of color could make a difference. Bell called that “better than doing nothing,” but added that it’s “certainly not a pathway toward justice,” in large part due to police culture in the U.S.

“Even if people kind of head into policing to do public service, to do justice … the culture around violence, around being dismissive of certain communities and certain types of people, often remains and even infects the people who do the work on a day-to-day basis,” she said.

Virtual viewers were also eager to know how allies can best partner with communities victimized by police violence. In addition to donating money and demanding national leaders support police reform and reparations bills, said Terry, allies can help by “reliably showing up, putting their bodies on the line in protest. Because even the visual spectacle of you being there is doing important work.”

Earlier in the day, Radcliffe Dean Tomiko Brown-Nagin , who introduced the virtual talk, testified before the U.S. House of Representatives Subcommittee on Civil Rights and Civil Liberties about First Amendment violations during recent protests against the killing of Floyd and other African Americans.

Radcliffe Dean Tomiko Brown-Nagin.

Rose Lincoln/Harvard file photo

During her testimony, Brown-Nagin, a historian of the Civil Rights Movement, recalled authorities’ brutal attacks on the peaceful protests organized by Civil Rights icon Martin Luther King Jr. and the message King delivered in his final address.

“If I lived in China or even Russia, or any totalitarian country, maybe I could understand some of these illegal injunctions. Maybe I could understand the denial of certain basic First Amendment privileges, because they hadn’t committed themselves to that over there,” Brown-Nagin said, quoting King. “But somewhere I read of the freedom of assembly. Somewhere I read of the freedom of speech. Somewhere I read of the freedom of press. Somewhere I read that the greatness of America is the right to protest for right.”

Building on King’s argument, Brown-Nagin said the Constitutional rights of every person must be protected. “It is crucial that the individuals entrusted with upholding and enforcing the law do more than observe this bedrock principle of our democracy,” she said. “They must protect it.”

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• My dream job, being a police officer

My dream job, being a police officer Author:   Selab P. Level:   6 Instructor:    Karen L. Photo Credit:   arindambanerjee / 123RF Stock Photo Article ID:   892  [Employment- Summer 2018]

Police officers are true protectors of a community. They spend their lives serving and protecting humanity. That is why I want to be a police officer to spend all my life protecting people and serving humanity, to protect good from evil, to protect people who are in need, and make sure everyone is safe and following the rules and laws of our country, Canada.

Since I was a kid, whenever I saw a police officer in uniform I watched him until he disappeared from my eyes. And I wanted to be a good, brave, and honest police officer. Sometimes I imagine that I am wearing the uniform and I am a police officer and I am on duty. That’s the most amazing feeling I cannot describe that. Hopefully I will achieve my goals and become a good police officer. And I am sure if I work hard towards it, I will.

I have looked at different kinds of websites for different types of police careers. I love them all. Their duties are different, but their main goals are the same: to serve our country in many ways and protect our people-they are all our heroes. And I love them all. I want to be an auxiliary police officer. I will have to work very hard to protect our local communities, cities, our people, and to serve our country with pride.

In the coming 25 years, I want to become a really successful police officer. I want to have accumulated a body of good service; Honestly, I would love to achieve awards, and medals in recognition of bravery from my department, and country. I want to serve my country with pride in a perfect way.

If I had been in Canada while I was a teenager I would have become a police officer by now. There are a lot of good opportunities for education, and making a good career for yourself in Canada. But I am glad that I am here now and I am sure that if I try hard I will achieve my goal in a few years.

Being a police officer is a really tough job and has lots of responsibilities in Canada, and I am sure in every country. But its way harder in Afghanistan because they don't get proper training, and they don't have the proper equipment. It's a dangerous job and nobody cares about a police officer's family.

I am really sad for saying this, but this is the reality. Afghanistan is a really poor country because of the past 45 years of war. Most of the people are not educated there which makes living harder. Nobody respects the police officers, and nobody cooperates with them or helps them. They don’t get paid regularly, sometimes not for months. Sometimes they don't have food for a long time while they are working. But they still do a wonderful job. With all the difficulties and challenges they still sacrifice their lives to protect the people. I love them for their bravery, dedication, and strength.

Hopefully, one day there will be complete peace in Afghanistan and for all countries that need it.

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Building police legitimacy through measuring and managing performance

August 8, 2017

Chief Cameron S. McLay (Ret.)

These are tough times for those of us in policing…

The crisis of confidence and legitimacy that characterizes post-Ferguson policing illustrates a vital lesson for local governments and their police.  We, the police, must hold ourselves accountable for the outcomes of our policing services. We must measure our work and our outcomes based on a broader number of measures than simply measuring crime rates, and must continually reexamine our efforts in response to feedback and performance short-falls.

As with education and health care, policing would be well served by becoming more outcome-based. If the purpose for police interventions is to reduce crime, fear and disorder, to create safe communities suitable for normal civic life to occur, the question “Are we being successful in achieving these outcomes” must be part of the calculus. In other words, each police agency must operate as an open system, using feedback as a learning loop for constant performance improvement — becoming more responsive to to public needs and mindful of the impact of our efforts.

The foundational concepts of modern policing dates back to Sir Robert Peel in England in the 1820s. Under this paradigm, the police are simply an extension of the community — those citizens paid to perform the duties incumbent upon every citizen in a free democracy to contribute to the maintenance of safety and public order. Police success is dependent upon the cooperation of the public, and their power emanates from the consent of those served. Police are to be judged by the absence of crime, disorder and fear, rather than the measures of their enforcement work.

Policing’s desired outcomes are simply less crime, less fear and people having a greater sense their community is a safe and just place. We teach this to every recruit going through our academies. How many of us can rightly claim our communities feel our agency’s performance and systems reflect this value system?

Unfortunately, police agencies often do not measure their performance based upon community outcomes and public sentiment as a focal point. We, the police, have long believed as long as we perform our work well, as defined by standards we established, public opinion about our services is not vitally important.

Police-community relations, in this paradigm, is mostly about educating the public about what we do, and why we do it that way. We tell ourselves, “if they only understood us better, the public would finally understand and accept the outcomes of our policing efforts.”

To be competitive, private companies have long since learned the importance of data analysis to monitor and manage their organizational performance. Private companies do not survive unless they hold themselves accountable for performance outcomes. Their products and services must satisfy the demands of their consumers, must be high quality, and must be affordable if they are to compete.

Police and many government agencies have historically operated with the assumption their monopoly for service delivery makes customer satisfaction, and cost/benefit analysis, less important for their successes. Forgetting police performance requires public cooperation, we tend to believe we, the police, are the most well-informed judges of quality police services. The concept of controlling costs, especially social impact costs, tends to be alien to all but the most conscientious police executives.

The fact is, as with private sector agencies, the outcomes of our policing efforts matter. When police are successful, our contribution is nothing less than bringing peace and justice to those we serve. But when we fall short, we find communities held hostage to fear — distrustful of those employed to keep them safe. The stakes are indeed high.

With the development of CompStat in the mid-1990s, the NYPD pioneered the application of data analysis to measure and manage agency efforts to reduce crime and disorder. Today, CompStat-style performance management systems are widely viewed as a best practice in policing.

The use of data, hot-spot policing, “putting cops on the dots” of crime maps has arguably been highly successful in driving down reported crime, but it has had unintended consequences in some communities. When police target those communities where crime and violence is the highest — too often communities of poverty and color — the resultant enforcement efforts often created significant, albeit unintended consequences.

Fire departments go where the fires occur. Police agencies often find themselves in a “Catch-22” when they direct their enforcement efforts on those areas their crime data shows to be areas of highest concentration of crime and victimization. The reality in the U.S. is areas of poverty are often communities of color. Racial disparities in police contact and arrest are common when police, motivated to protect communities and fight crime, find themselves focusing their enforcement efforts on those few communities where crime concentration is the highest. Police are morally and legally obligated to provide safe communities for all, but when they do public trust and confidence can suffer greatly due to the racial disparities that typically follow.

There is a place in the middle. Police must work with the active engagement of community residents, to become partners in creating safe neighborhoods. Without the engagement of those living in the impacted areas, perceptions of predatory motivations for police actions can result, further diminishing trust between police and those receiving police service.  At a time when crime is a near 20 year low point, studies have shown little if any increases in public trust, and dramatic differences in beliefs about police between white and non-white respondents.

How then to we continue to be effective in driving down crime, while addressing the unintended consequences of our policing efforts?

The current crisis of confidence facing policing has mobilized many to examine how to address this dilemma. George Kelling, the father of “Broken Windows Theory” of policing, has called for policing to be measured by on a broader set of performance metrics:

“Compstat is the most important administrative policing development of the past 100 years. Compstat appropriately focuses on crime, but I think the danger is that Compstat doesn’t always balance that focus with the other values that policing is supposed to pursue…. I want Compstat to measure and discuss things like complaints against officers, and whether police are reducing fear of crime in the community. The Compstat systems of the future must reflect all of the values the police should be pursuing.”

—Dr. George Kelling, Rutgers University

The challenge then becomes how to best enhance the effectiveness of police agencies in reducing crime and disorder, while also building public trust and confidence. How do we lower victimization rates, create safe public places and ensure police are meeting the quality of life needs of each of the communities they service, and also identify any unintended adverse impacts of police interventions in time for corrective action? How do we ensure police actions exact no unacceptable social costs?

Let’s learn from policing’s successes, like CompStat and the wide variety of highly positive community engagement and problem-oriented policing interventions, and from the private sector’s innovations for measuring customer impact. We need data; we need engagement, and we need to know how our services are impacting those we serve.

Private sector has long engaged in the use of data analytics to understand customer satisfaction and to better understand the market in which they operate. Companies often use data on enhancing productivity, improving product quality and streamlining inefficiencies. Just companies use market analysis and customer satisfaction as another vital barometer of performance. Each change in products or operations is tracked for its impact on customer satisfaction and impact on market needs.

In order to build trust and confidence — perceived legitimacy with the public — police must develop more complete performance metrics to measure and manage 21st Century policing. They must use data analytics to measure and manage organizational and individual member performance. They must hold themselves and their members accountable for the performance outcomes of their work, to include the impact of their actions on public perceptions of safety, justice and satisfaction with police service. Perhaps most important, elected officials must understand and embrace their responsibility to ensure their constituents receive the quality of police services they deserve.

Performance management systems robust enough to meet the challenges of policing today would necessarily have the capacity for examining service impacts and outcomes with respect to the agencies’ external environment — the impact of those services on the communities, as well as capacity to monitor and measure the performance and behaviors of the individuals and groups in the agency — are they performing to the highest professional and ethical standards? The following graphic illustrates a police chief’s data needs.

Note the subjective nature of a great many of these measures. Certainly reported crime, calls for service, arrests, citations and other artifacts of police activities are objective measures, and are comparatively easy to count. However, whether the community feel safe in public spaces, the extent police are effective in addressing the quality of life, the extent to which police operate with integrity, and are judicious in their use of force and authority are subjective measures. These measure reflect how community members “feel” about the quality of life in their communities and the policing services they receive; they reflect social sentiment.

If police agencies are to become outcome-based, operating as “open systems,” they must have mechanisms for measuring social sentiment — the subjective experiences of those receiving police services, and must use this feedback to adjust service delivery when appropriate to ensure the desired outcomes, like reducing crime, a not occurring with unacceptable social costs like lost public trust.

Note also, the interdependent nature of these performance domains. Police effectiveness in reducing crime and victimization, creating safe public spaces, improving the quality of life, etc. is entirely dependent upon internal dynamics. The members must be fully engaged in the mission and values of the agency; be well trained to perform their roles; be properly managed and led, and use conduct themselves in ways to does not undermine public support and cooperation, or harm the reputation of the organization itself.

In the academic and research communities, forward thinking groups like the National Policing Institute, a D.C. based non-profit research group, have partnered with the Vera Institute for Justice to develop “CompStat 2.0” — developing performance metrics for all aspects of 21st Century Policing. At New York University’s Policing Project, researchers are working to develop methodologies to measure the “social costs” of policing, in order to permit cost-benefit analyses to be applied to police decision-making.

Historically, police have relied on community surveys to measure social sentiment, if they did so at all. Surveys are slow and expensive — insufficient to be able to provide meaningful data for measuring the impact of recent police interventions or community events. Using data mining, or advanced “big-data” analytics, the capacity exists today in the private sector to conduct in-depth sentiment analyses that serve as a feedback loop for executive decision-makers to understand market sentiment and to detect corporate risk. By accepting the necessity for such information as a vital component of performance management, these capacities can be incorporated into police performance management systems.

We in policing need to have the will to accept such feedback and the willingness to embrace partners in innovation. The NYPD, for example, has begun a pilot program for real-time sentiment analytics to be incorporated into their CompStat data. Police commanders will be expected to factor such sentiment public trust and satisfaction as they work to reduce crime and calls for service.

By combining performance management metrics designed by leading experts in policing, with advanced data-analytics to measure and monitor for emerging trends that create social harm if unaddressed, police decision-makers will be able to enhance their ability for forecast and respond to emerging crime and public order issues; enhance the effectiveness of their response to those problems; develop ways to measure the impacts, both intended and unintended, of police interventions, and create robust systems of accountability.

Building public trust and confidence – police legitimacy can be achieved when our services the communities we serve believe us to be effective and that our officers and agencies operate at the highest standards of professional conduct. Data analysis is the key to both. It takes data to identify emerging trends and direct police resources. It takes data to discern emerging employee problems or poor performance trends, and, for building trust, data transparency is an organization’s best vehicle for proving the quality and integrity of our systems.

In today’s perpetual whitewater of social/political/technological change, those objectives can best be achieved by agencies operating as “open systems,” constantly learning from and responding to feedback. Robust performance management systems, leveraging the capacities of data-analytics can provide us the capacities we need to meet the challenges of facing policing today, enabling the profession to earn a measure of public trust and confidence along the way.

Retired Chief  Cameron S. McLay, formerly chief of police for the city of Pittsburgh (PA) Bureau of Police, is principle of TPL Public Safety Consulting and serves as senior adviser for PricewaterhouseCoopers Safe Cities Initiative — an initiative to enable police use of enhanced data analytics and monitoring of social risk and sentiment to improve their performance outcomes and to build public trust and confidence.

McLay has a master of science from Colorado State in organizational leadership, and a bachelor of arts in forensic studies from Indiana University. McLay served for more than 29 years with the city of Madison (WI) Police Department, where he retired with the rank of captain. He went on to teach leadership in police organizations for the IACP before serving as Pittsburgh’s chief.

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Essay On My Career As A Police Officer

Type of paper: Essay

Topic: Crime , Army , Experience , Police , Skills , Career , United States , Law

Words: 1300

Published: 11/06/2019

ORDER PAPER LIKE THIS

Objective: My objective is to prove myself an asset to the department and provide value addition to further its growth. It would not only act as a platform to augment my career growth but also provide me an opportunity to hone my skills, and to excel as an honest and trustworthy police officer, serving a great and diverse department with complete dedication and hardwork. Myself Duke Komsuwan, and mentioned below is my brief profile which includes my experience, achievements and vision.

I've always wanted to serve my country or my community in some type of a capacity. I think it is a privilege and an honor trying to help other, with this statement as my goal I joined the US Army right after High School, I have served the US Army from 1987-1991 and earned an honorable discharged in July 1991. During this period I’ve started from scratch and learned the basics of administration and discipline, this also helped me identify that my ultimate goal is to join the police forces and to serve the community directly. Despite being a strong person from inside, I am equally sensible towards people and I considered that as an advantage to seek a role in the Police Department. In order to fulfill my dream to serve the people, I went to the Indian River Community College Police Academy where I was a platoon leader for my academy class. This was the time when I got an extensive training on Law Enforcement and other important aspects of Police training. I have worked very hard during that period to ensure that I do not loose out on mastering any single lesson that was taught and I was very proud to have graduated from the police academy in 1993.

Considering my academic profile and army experience I was selected to serve the Seminole Department of Law Enforcement for one year. This was the period when I started having practical experience of the police services and have used the best of this to develop my expertise, in that year I worked at the Hollywood reservation as a patrol officer and then an undercover narcotic officer conducting investigations on different reservations through out the State Of Florida. After having served the of Law Enforcement for about an year, I realized that my passion was to pick up more responsibility and take bigger assignments hence I joined the Lauderhill Police Department back in December 1994, which at that point of time was a new initiative for me.

I've had the opportunity to work for all and current administration when the department opened its door in 1994. I used my then experience to the best of my knowledge and ensured that any given task or role is handled to its best and the results were very positive. I ensured that I always look forward to my seniors and learn from them regularly, for example, the opportunity to work with the first police chief (Mike Scott) and learning about his theory of community policing was an asset to me and I use it through out my 16 years tenure at the department. In order to obtain a specialization and to ensure that I excel I have worked on both Alpha and Bravo Squads as a patrol officer and have honed my skills as a traffic homicide investigator for the past 10 years while I was assigned to the traffic unit. During this period I have ensured that I not only ensure the work as usual but have also taken several initiatives to ensure that the changes take place with time and the improvement is ongoing.

While being in to the role of traffic homicide investigator I have maxed out on all traffic related investigations courses & training, this has helped me to become a subject matter expert. In order to ensure that I am up to the mark with the different set of skills I have also completed a totaled of 240 hours of basic and advanced police motorcycle courses and advance training as a police motorcycle instructor which will help me to multi-skill and if required I can develop training plans and work as an instructor. In order to be a leader and grow the department by helping my juniors, I became the only certified police motorcycle instructor for the Lauderhill Police Department, which added to my previously acquired qualification of being a certified field training officer since 1996 within the department and a state certified instructor in police driving. All the above have been fairly practiced by me and have also got relevant experience against the qualifications that I have and hence I honestly believe that I will be able to do justice with the role of a sergeant

I would now like to share some of the awards that I have received as a token of appreciation towards the work that I had done in both the Army and Police Department.

• Army Service Medal
• Army Achievement medal 2x with an oaklief cluster
• Army Commendation Medal
• Good conduct medal
• Oversea service medal

Apart from the abovementioned honors I would like to draw your attention towards, the 16 years of history and paper trails that I have generated here at this department, and it has all positive things in my personal file.

The above mentioned is an account of my total work and academic experience, however there are certain other traits that will help me to handle the responsibility of a sergeant. I maintain a perfect work-life balance by ensuring that I prioritize my work pretty well. I have a creative bent of mind which helps me to think out of the box. Also I have always been an extremely hard worker, always going the extra mile and do a little extra of what is asked of me. In the last few years of my service I have prepared my self for the role of a Sergeant and in order to do that I have done a revision of all that I had learnt in the past and at the same time developed the required expertise, one of the most important requirements from an individual in this role is to have patience and to take correct decisions quickly I might not be the best judge of myself but I believe that these traits will be displayed by me always and that I will ensure that my junior officers always feel free to consult me and ask me if they need help. Similarly I agree that as a Sergeant there are lot of instances where an individual has to take tough decisions within short span of time and I would like to give this assurance that based on the experience that I’ve had in the past, I will be able to co-relate the same with my past experience of that situation and hence will empower me to take the right decision within time.

Lastly, I would like to express my gratitude towards all my senior officers who have helped me to enhance my skills, I have worked for them all and have taken something from each of them to make me a better police officer and to learn to serve my community, without the guidance of my senior folks and the support of my peers, I would not have been able to present myself as an eligible contender for the post of a sergeant. Lastly I would say that I Love my career as a police officer working for such a diverse department and serving such a diverse community, if given a chance I would give the best I can.

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Essay On Police

500 words essay on police.

In this world, we must have laws to maintain peace. Thus, every citizen must follow these laws. However, there are some people in our society who do not follow them and break the laws . In order to keep a check on such kinds of people, we need the police. Through essay on police, we will learn about the role and importance of police.

Importance of Police

The police are entrusted with the duty of maintaining the peace and harmony of a society. Moreover, they also have the right to arrest and control people who do not follow the law. As a result, they are important as they protect our society.

Enforcing the laws of the land, the police also has the right to punish people who do not obey the law. Consequently, we, as citizens, feel safe and do not worry much about our lives and property.

In other words, the police is a saviour of the society which makes the running of society quite smooth. Generally, the police force has sound health. They wear a uniform and carry a weapon, whether a rifle or pistol . They also wear a belt which holds their weapons.

Get the huge list of more than 500 Essay Topics and Ideas  

Role of Police

The police play many roles at police stations or check posts. They get a posting in the town or city depending on the crime rate in the area. When public demonstrations and strikes arise, the police plays a decisive role.

Similarly, when they witness the crowd turning violent during protests or public gatherings, it is their responsibility to prevent it from becoming something bigger. Sometimes, they also have to make use of the Lathi (stick) for the same reason.

If things get worse, they also resort to firing only after getting permission from their superiors. In addition, the police also offer special protection to political leaders and VIPs. The common man can also avail this protection in special circumstances.

Thus, you see how the police are always on duty round the clock. No matter what day or festival or holiday, they are always on duty. It is a tough role to play but they play it well. To protect the law is not an easy thing to do.

Similarly, it is difficult to maintain peace but the police manage to do it. Even on cold winter nights or hot summer afternoons, the police is always on duty. Even during the pandemic, the police was on duty.

Thus, they keep an eye on anti-social activities and prevent them at large. Acting as the protector of the weak and poor, the police play an essential role in the smooth functioning of society.

Conclusion of Essay On Police

Thus, the job of the police is very long and tough. Moreover, it also comes with a lot of responsibility as we look up to them for protection. Being the real guardian of the civil society of a nation, it is essential that they perform their duty well.

FAQ on Essay On Police

Question 1: What is the role of police in our life?

Answer 1: The police performs the duties which the law has assigned to them. They are entrusted to protect the public against violence, crime and other harmful acts. As a result, the police must act by following the law to ensure that they respect it and apply it in a manner which matches their level of responsibility.

Question 2: Why do we need police?

Answer 2: Police are important for us and we need it. They protect life and property, enforce criminal law, criminal investigations, regulate traffic, crowd control, public safety duties, search for missing persons, lost property and other duties which concern the public order.-*//**9666666666666666666666+9*63*

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Why I’m Not Calling the Police on My Students’ Encampment

The president of wesleyan university explains why he’s allowing pro-palestinian protesters to pitch tents on campus..

The encampment at Wesleyan University went up on the night of Sunday, April 28, during a planned rally in support of Palestinians. At the time, I was in an open meeting called by the student government to answer questions about how the university invests its endowment but also about many other topics—from labor issues at a construction site to whether there could be a nonbinary entrance to the swimming pool. But the energy in the room was about the war in Gaza and what Wesleyan could do in reaction to it.

The students were well aware that I’d already gone on record—several times in print—with respect to Gaza since the heinous terrorist attacks of October 7. On that day I wrote about Hamas’s “sickening violence” against Israel, and since then I have written about the dangers of antisemitism and Islamophobia at home and about the loss of innocent life in Gaza. So I can’t argue that university leaders should keep quiet or say something evasive about “ principled neutrality .” Indeed, the students reminded me of a phrase I’d used: “Neutrality is complicity.” Although I am one of the only American university presidents to call for a cease-fire in Gaza, the students in the meeting did not find that nearly enough. Mere words, they told me, are just another form of neutrality. They accused me of trying to hide behind them. And outside the chants grew louder: “Roth, Roth, you can’t hide / you can’t hide from genocide.” When I walked home, an angry crowd of maybe 75 followed close behind.

By Monday morning there were a couple dozen tents set up. Students were careful not to block exits and entrances to campus buildings, and they made sure that the pathways through their encampment were clear. They were claiming territory for their protest, but they were not attempting to close it off. This was important for everyone. For the protesters, it was a sign that they wanted to spread their message to others, and also that they were open to discussing their objectives with anyone who wanted to talk. For me and my administrative colleagues, it was important because one of the reasons encampments are not normally permitted is that they mark off public areas for exclusive use, thereby denying others the opportunity to use that part of campus. Sure, the area was now dominated by signs bearing very specific and sometimes aggressive messages—among them, slogans about genocide and freeing Palestine that were off-putting to many on campus, including myself. (There were no signs demanding the return of the hostages kidnapped from kibbutz.) But this is a protest directed at the administration, and I don’t get to choose the protesters’ messages. I do want to pay attention to them.

We could have immediately closed down the encampment because the protesters hadn’t gotten advance permission for tents, and because they were writing messages on the adjacent buildings in chalk. Over the last week I’ve gotten many notes from alumni, parents, and strangers chastising me for not making the protesters “pay a price” for breaking the rules. In my initial message to the broad university community, I wrote : “The students [in the encampment] know that they are in violation of university rules and seem willing to accept the consequences.” So why haven’t I made them feel those consequences? Cops don’t always give people tickets for going a few miles over the speed limit. Context matters, whatever Republican Congresswoman Elise Stefanik says. In this case, I knew the students were part of a broad protest movement, and protest movements often put a strain on an institution’s rules. They are meant to do that. The encampment was “ non-violent and has not disrupted normal campus operations,” I wrote, and “as long as it continues in this way, the University will not attempt to clear the encampment.” I added that we would “not tolerate intimidation or harassment of students, staff, or faculty,” and that the protesters, as far as I could tell, were not moving in that direction.

The encampment is just beneath my office window, and many times during the last several days I’ve looked over to see what was happening: mostly students and the occasional faculty member engaged in casual conversation, and occasionally animated debate. I’ve written that being a student in the West has come to mean “practicing freedom ,” and I was reminded of that as I looked at these young people expressing their political concerns. There were drawings and flags, and a sense of a community. Between classes and during mealtimes, there have been many people just passing through. Some stop to talk, others just amble along. I myself have walked through every day I’m on campus, and notwithstanding hostility from more than a few protesters (“Why are you unwilling to support divestment?!”), I stop to talk to students I know from my classes or say hello to those I don’t know. One day I bumped into the campus rabbi there, and we talked for a while until the leader of a Black music collective on campus happened by and told me about his senior recital.

The encampment, now grown to roughly 50 tents, may be fostering a sense of community among protesters, but it hasn’t been kumbaya for everyone. Several Jewish students were outraged by the messages about genocide and freeing Palestine. Did this mean freeing the region from Jews? The expressions “Globalize the Intifada,” “Glory to the Martyrs,” and “Terror is justified as long as Palestine is occupied” indicated toleration if not support of Hamas, an organization that justifies raping women and killing babies as long as you call them Jewish settlers. A few students showed up with an Israeli flag and were shamed on social media. Their counterprotest didn’t result in productive conversation, alas. But it didn’t spill into violence either, and my team did its best to make sure that was the case.

I’ve checked in with many Jewish students individually and sat down with a group to talk about their fears—and their complaints about faculty bias. Amazingly to them and to me, a few professors took votes in their classes to decide whether they should hold class in the encampment. Minority rights? Not something these faculty seemed concerned with, at least not until the provost reminded them that they could not force any student to support a cause with which the professor happened to agree. Of course, faculty are free to support any cause they like, but whatever political acumen they believe themselves to possess, they are not free to impose this on their students. The Jewish students opposed to the protesters seemed glad to be able to talk openly about their concerns. I emphasized to them that I could not protect them from opposing views but that I could protect their safety and capacity to pursue their education.

There was some graffiti vandalism after the encampment settled in, and we let people know that if that continued, the university would have to step in. Fortunately, that didn’t continue, and so far, almost all the protesters seem eager to find a constructive path: to make their arguments about divestment and about boycotts. They know that I have long been on record opposing these arguments, but I will try to listen to them with an open mind. Ultimately, it is the Board of Trustees that will decide about investment policy. Myself, I am eager to find ways of supporting Gazan relief efforts, and of doing whatever we can to promote a sustainable peace in the region that would acknowledge the rights of all parties. I’d like to think students know that.

I have watched with sadness the police actions on some campuses, as well as the lack of police action in Los Angeles when an encampment was attacked by counterprotesters. I can well imagine that for most university presidents, calling in the police is the last resort. I too have depended on the law enforcement in the past, most heartbreakingly when a student was murdered on campus many years ago. I will certainly ask for police help if I need it to protect people, property, or university operations from criminal behavior.

It’s almost the end of the school year, and more than once I’ve been asked, “Don’t I wish we had just made it through a couple of more weeks without incident?” Mostly … no. How can I not respect students for paying attention to things that matter so much? I respect that they’re concerned about Gaza; I admire that they’re not entirely taken up with grades or lining up their credentials. Will their protest help? My fear is that such protests (especially when they turn violent) in the end will help the reactionary forces of populist authoritarianism. I also think student protesters are wrong to focus on university investments . I would prefer they use their energies to pressure the U.S. government to do more to get the hostages released, to stop supporting Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu’s war tactics, and to bring more direct aid to people in Gaza on the brink of starvation. My team expects to discuss all of this with students in the coming days. Right now, I’m most concerned with protecting their right to protest in nonviolent ways that don’t undermine our educational program. For me, the modest violations of the rules are preferable to the narrow-minded vocationalism that others seem suddenly to pine for.

I share this view of the moment with some trepidation. It only takes a few jerks to turn a peaceful protest into a violent confrontation. But I also share this with hope that we will all learn something from this experience—whether or not we are sleeping in a tent.

Michael S. Roth is the president of Wesleyan University in Middletown, Connecticut. His most recent books are The Student: A Short History and Safe Enough Spaces: A Pragmatist’s Approach to Inclusion, Free Speech, and Political Correctness on College Campuses .

Watch CBS News

Police take down pro-Palestinian encampment at DePaul University

By Elyssa Kaufman , Charlie De Mar , Adam Harrington , Andrew Ramos , Marissa Perlman

Updated on: May 16, 2024 / 11:04 PM CDT / CBS Minnesota

CHICAGO (CBS) —  Police removed a pro-Palestinian encampment at DePaul University Thursday morning, but protests continued outside the quad where the encampment had been located on the Lincoln Park campus.

It was just after 5:30 a.m. when chaos and confusion swept through the encampment. A student who filmed the raid by the Chicago Police Department provided the footage to CBS 2. Students tried to block the officers' entry, but the officers pushed through.

In the student's video, someone can also be heard running throughout the campground, waking others up and warning them about the situation unfolding. Police officers moved fast, dismantling tents, ripping down signs, and clearing the area.

DePaul University President Robert Manuel gave law enforcement the green light Wednesday night, after deeming the situation on campus "unsafe." Some students told CBS 2 they were left traumatized.

After the raid, students quickly regrouped, taking their movement across the street to a gas station.

Chicago Police said a man and woman were arrested outside the encampment for obstruction of traffic. But no arrests were made at the encampment itself during the raid.

In a statement to university students and staff, President Manuel said University Public Safety and Chicago Police were disassembling the encampment after efforts to reach a "shared resolution" with the DePaul Divestment Coalition were unsuccessful.  

"Every person currently in the encampment will be given the opportunity to leave peacefully and without being arrested. I urge all there to leave peacefully and return home," Manuel said.

The statement also warned of the quad's closure. 

"Anyone who tries to breach the fence around the quad or any of the green spaces on the Lincoln Park Campus will be trespassed, arrested, and suspended," Manuel said in the written statement. "DePaul will continue to investigate every reported complaint of harassment or discrimination that we receive resulting from the encampment or subsequent events."

DePaul reports weapons found at encampment site, threats and hate speech

The university outlined what it considered "threats to safety and disruption of campus operations" on its website , highlighting altercations and criminal activity on campus.

Manuel said weapons were recovered from the encampment site during the tent removal. He said the weapons found included knives, a pellet gun, and other "improvised weapons." Photos of knives and the pellet gun recovered were shared by the university. 

Also documented were boards on the ground with long nails or screws sticking out that the university said were set up as traps along the fence that separates the quad from Fullerton Avenue.

DePaul also reported more than 1,000 complaints altogether, including more than 625 registered complaints from neighbors and community members, and more than 425 from students, faculty and staff, and parents.

These complaints included one death threat, four credible threats of violence, 12 incidents of criminal property damage, and 34 reports of antisemitism, among other issues raised.

DePaul reported the encampment was to blame for numerous safety violations and instances of property damage at the university – including spray paint on buildings and doors, etching on glass and windows, dumpsters being used to block entrances and exits, the John T. Richardson Library being chained shut and locked, and removal of safety grates.

Altogether, DePaul reported, the damage to university property totaled $180,000. DePaul also noted that 45 university events were canceled because of the protest, and nearby Oscar Mayer Elementary School canceled recess and other outdoor activities.

The noise emanating from the campsite was also a major problem for community members.

DePaul also shared videos and social media posts – including an Instagram post from Sunday showing protesters chanting in praise of Hamas and the Oct. 7 attacks at the intersection of Lincoln and Fullerton avenues and Halsted Street. The video claimed these protesters had walked over to the encampment to confront a group of Jewish community members who had gathered for a Mother's Day bake sale.

Another social media video shows a Jewish woman in the area of the encampment being told by a protester to "go to Poland." The woman who posted the video wrote, "yelling this at American Jewish students (many of whom have no connection to Poland at all) isn't a valid criticism of Israel, in case this seemed like a grey area."

DePaul also outlined numerous complaints of harassment at the encampment and of Jewish community members feeling unsafe.

When the encampment was removed, a sense of relief came over some neighbors like Arden Joy – who is Jewish, and who said the past few weeks of her life have been traumatizing for her and her family.

"You know, the day that the encampment went up, one of the first signs that went up said, 'Jewish safety cannot be guaranteed until Palestine is free,' and so immediately, I knew that we weren't safe," Joy said.

Others in the neighborhood also characterized the encampment as intimidating.

"We are Jewish, and we are pro-Israel, and also feel for the lives that are being lost in Gaza right now," said Becca Lustig.

"I live a few blocks away, and I don't necessarily feel safe around people who are protesting, you know, against me," added Sam Bakal.

Sheffield Neighbors Association President Brian Comer said the protest encampment was growing more dangerous as time went on.

"The longer it stayed, the larger a magnet it became for something bad to happen," Comer said, "and we did not want that."

Meanwhile, student activists maintain that they were the ones targeted – for exercising their right to protest.

"I've seen people being shoved around by counterprotesters, while CPD, DePaul administration, and DePaul Public Safety did absolutely nothing," said lead protest marshal Simran Bains. "I think that what they've been trying to do since this encampment started is blame us for the things that people are doing to us."

The DePaul chapter of Students for Justice in Palestine also accused the administration at DePaul of "maligning" student protesters – claiming that the reports that improvised devices intended to cause harm were "false," and that the knives found at the site were for food preparation in a kitchen tent.

Chicago police response 

Chicago police addressed the public Thursday morning and said there had been "no confrontations" between officers and protesters, and no resistance by the protesters.

"As the approach occurred, voluntary compliance – all individuals who were inside the encampment voluntarily left, said Chicago Police Chief of Patrol Jon Hein.

Videographers from the Chicago Department of Law accompanied police during the intervention, Hein said.

Hein declined to comment on whether there was a particular threat before the raid.

On the decision by the university to seal off the quad, Hein said, "DePaul University is private property, so DePaul University will take control of their own property."

Protesters vow to regroup and press on

A student said organizers are working to regroup after the removal of the encampment.  

"We have to find all of our people because the way that they went about dispersing us meant that lots of people were going out different exits," said Bains. "People were just trying to make sure that they weren't accidentally getting in someone's way to cause physical harm."

At one point Thursday, protesters zeroed in on the student center on campus – but public safety officers quickly locked the building down. Tensions late Thursday were still running high on campus after the early-morning raid.

On Thursday evening, a large group of students and other pro-Palestinian supporters marched through the Lincoln Park neighborhood. They denounced the university and Chicago Police for dismantling the encampment.

"The administration today had an opportunity to do business differently – and instead chose to do something less than great," DePaul student body president Parveen Mundi said at a rally Thursday evening.

"Jews 4 Justice categorically condemns DePaul University's violent decision to raid the DePaul liberation zone," said Ethan Schatz of the group Jews 4 Justice.

The encampment had been in place since April 30, as protesters demanded the school cut ties with Israel. Protesters joined the  nationwide college protests in support of Palestinians amid the war in Gaza . 

On May 12, protesters said they had  reached a stalemate with university leaders.

Other campus protests 

An encampment on the Evanston campus at  Northwestern University  was voluntarily taken down after an agreement was reached with the university. On May 7,  University of Chicago  Police intervened to take down an encampment on the Main Quad at that university's Hyde Park campus after an impasse was also reached between the university and protesters.

Graduation ceremonies at DePaul are scheduled for Saturday, June 15, and Sunday, June 16; the College of Law ceremony is scheduled for Saturday.

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Elyssa is a Digital News Producer. She covers breaking news for CBSChicago.com and manages the station's social media sites.

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Plane makes emergency landing on North Spokane Corridor, then takes off from highway

The North Spokane Corridor turned into a runway Saturday as a small airplane made a successful emergency landing before taking off hours later in the Hillyard Neighborhood.

The airplane ran out of fuel and the two men – an instructor and trainee – controlling the aircraft touched down at about 12:45 p.m. on the highway, about five blocks north of Wellesley Avenue, Washington State Patrol Sgt. Tod Surdam said.

No injuries were reported.

Surdam said the plane’s second fuel tank was full, but the pilots failed to switch over to that tank.

Surdam said the pilots planned to land at Felts Field, where they took off, but they didn’t have enough altitude to glide to the airport. They found the safest, closest place to land – a paved straightaway between two Jersey barriers on the highway.

“Just glad they’re safe and everyone else is safe,” Surdam said. “That’s all that matters at the end of the day.”

Surdam said the plane landed in a construction area, but construction crews weren’t working in the area it landed. He said he was unsure whether cars were traveling on the highway when the plane landed.

“Luckily, they chose an area that there wasn’t any traffic on in the construction area,” Surdam said.

The highway was undamaged, according to Joe McHale, spokesman at the Washington State Department of Transportation.

After ensuring the plane was safe to fly and filled with fuel, the pilots used the highway as a runway and took off south, with its wheels coming off the ground at about 3:20 p.m. near Garland Avenue.

WSP and fire resources were at the scene standing by.

The highway was blocked for about three hours.

Surdam said the pilots won’t be charged and WSP’s investigation was complete.

WA Cares is a cost-effective, convenient safety net for long-term care

Here’s the fact none of us want to face: We will probably need long-term care at some point in our lives.

Check on the progress and results of the Maryland 2024 Primary Election

• Larry Hogan wins
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• All election results

Anne Arundel teacher arrested on charges of sexually abusing eight students

by Project Baltimore

An Anne Arundel County elementary school teacher has been arrested on charges of sexually abusing eight students.

Matthew Schlegel, 44, was taken into custody Thursday morning at his home in Severna Park. He faces more than 30 charges, ranging from second-degree assault to sex abuse of a minor. Schlegel is a third-grade math teacher at Severna Park Elementary School. The charges confirm much of what Project Baltimore last month.

Project Baltimore was on scene early Thursday morning as police officers searched Schlegel's home and vehicle. According to charging documents, the alleged victims are all current or former students of Schlegel who say he touched them inappropriately. The girls told police the alleged abuse occurred in class during the school day.

Detectives also spoke with additional witnesses who, according to charging documents, said they "observed the victims on Schlegel's lap during class." The alleged abuse dates back to August 2022 up until March 2024, occurring when each of the alleged victims was in third grade.

Schlegel was removed from Severna Park Elementary school on March 15, following the initial allegation. Three days later, on March 18, Severna Park Principal Kyle Butler sent an email to parents of third -grade students, explaining that Schlegel had been removed from the school “indefinitely”. Parents were not informed why Schlegel, reportedly a popular teacher, was suddenly gone.

In April, Project Baltimore first broke the news that Schlegel was being investigated by police. At the time, we were able to confirm the school was aware of at least four alleged victims.

ALSO READ | New details emerge in Severna Park Elementary’s alleged teacher misconduct

On April 7, parents at Severna Park learned more information when the principal sent a second email to the entire school community.

The email said an allegation involving Schlegel had been reported to the school system’s Office of Investigations. Following the initial allegation, the principal said he met with “several other sets of families” and provided their information to authorities as well.

Schlegel has been teaching in Anne Arundel County Public Schools since 2008. He spent his first eight years at Tyler Heights Elementary in Annapolis, where he taught second grade. In 2016, he moved to Severna Park Elementary. He is scheduled for a bail review hearing Friday morning.

40 Facts About Elektrostal

Written by Lanette Mayes

Modified & Updated: 19 May 2024

Reviewed by Jessica Corbett

Elektrostal is a vibrant city located in the Moscow Oblast region of Russia. With a rich history, stunning architecture, and a thriving community, Elektrostal is a city that has much to offer. Whether you are a history buff, nature enthusiast, or simply curious about different cultures, Elektrostal is sure to captivate you.

This article will provide you with 40 fascinating facts about Elektrostal, giving you a better understanding of why this city is worth exploring. From its origins as an industrial hub to its modern-day charm, we will delve into the various aspects that make Elektrostal a unique and must-visit destination.

So, join us as we uncover the hidden treasures of Elektrostal and discover what makes this city a true gem in the heart of Russia.

Key Takeaways:

• Elektrostal, known as the “Motor City of Russia,” is a vibrant and growing city with a rich industrial history, offering diverse cultural experiences and a strong commitment to environmental sustainability.
• With its convenient location near Moscow, Elektrostal provides a picturesque landscape, vibrant nightlife, and a range of recreational activities, making it an ideal destination for residents and visitors alike.

Known as the “Motor City of Russia.”

Elektrostal, a city located in the Moscow Oblast region of Russia, earned the nickname “Motor City” due to its significant involvement in the automotive industry.

Home to the Elektrostal Metallurgical Plant.

Elektrostal is renowned for its metallurgical plant, which has been producing high-quality steel and alloys since its establishment in 1916.

Boasts a rich industrial heritage.

Elektrostal has a long history of industrial development, contributing to the growth and progress of the region.

Founded in 1916.

The city of Elektrostal was founded in 1916 as a result of the construction of the Elektrostal Metallurgical Plant.

Located approximately 50 kilometers east of Moscow.

Elektrostal is situated in close proximity to the Russian capital, making it easily accessible for both residents and visitors.

Known for its vibrant cultural scene.

Elektrostal is home to several cultural institutions, including museums, theaters, and art galleries that showcase the city’s rich artistic heritage.

A popular destination for nature lovers.

Surrounded by picturesque landscapes and forests, Elektrostal offers ample opportunities for outdoor activities such as hiking, camping, and birdwatching.

Hosts the annual Elektrostal City Day celebrations.

Every year, Elektrostal organizes festive events and activities to celebrate its founding, bringing together residents and visitors in a spirit of unity and joy.

Has a population of approximately 160,000 people.

Elektrostal is home to a diverse and vibrant community of around 160,000 residents, contributing to its dynamic atmosphere.

Boasts excellent education facilities.

The city is known for its well-established educational institutions, providing quality education to students of all ages.

A center for scientific research and innovation.

Elektrostal serves as an important hub for scientific research, particularly in the fields of metallurgy, materials science, and engineering.

Surrounded by picturesque lakes.

The city is blessed with numerous beautiful lakes , offering scenic views and recreational opportunities for locals and visitors alike.

Well-connected transportation system.

Elektrostal benefits from an efficient transportation network, including highways, railways, and public transportation options, ensuring convenient travel within and beyond the city.

Famous for its traditional Russian cuisine.

Food enthusiasts can indulge in authentic Russian dishes at numerous restaurants and cafes scattered throughout Elektrostal.

Home to notable architectural landmarks.

Elektrostal boasts impressive architecture, including the Church of the Transfiguration of the Lord and the Elektrostal Palace of Culture.

Offers a wide range of recreational facilities.

Residents and visitors can enjoy various recreational activities, such as sports complexes, swimming pools, and fitness centers, enhancing the overall quality of life.

Provides a high standard of healthcare.

Elektrostal is equipped with modern medical facilities, ensuring residents have access to quality healthcare services.

Home to the Elektrostal History Museum.

The Elektrostal History Museum showcases the city’s fascinating past through exhibitions and displays.

A hub for sports enthusiasts.

Elektrostal is passionate about sports, with numerous stadiums, arenas, and sports clubs offering opportunities for athletes and spectators.

Celebrates diverse cultural festivals.

Throughout the year, Elektrostal hosts a variety of cultural festivals, celebrating different ethnicities, traditions, and art forms.

Electric power played a significant role in its early development.

Elektrostal owes its name and initial growth to the establishment of electric power stations and the utilization of electricity in the industrial sector.

Boasts a thriving economy.

The city’s strong industrial base, coupled with its strategic location near Moscow, has contributed to Elektrostal’s prosperous economic status.

Houses the Elektrostal Drama Theater.

The Elektrostal Drama Theater is a cultural centerpiece, attracting theater enthusiasts from far and wide.

Popular destination for winter sports.

Elektrostal’s proximity to ski resorts and winter sport facilities makes it a favorite destination for skiing, snowboarding, and other winter activities.

Promotes environmental sustainability.

Elektrostal prioritizes environmental protection and sustainability, implementing initiatives to reduce pollution and preserve natural resources.

Home to renowned educational institutions.

Elektrostal is known for its prestigious schools and universities, offering a wide range of academic programs to students.

Committed to cultural preservation.

The city values its cultural heritage and takes active steps to preserve and promote traditional customs, crafts, and arts.

Hosts an annual International Film Festival.

The Elektrostal International Film Festival attracts filmmakers and cinema enthusiasts from around the world, showcasing a diverse range of films.

Encourages entrepreneurship and innovation.

Elektrostal supports aspiring entrepreneurs and fosters a culture of innovation, providing opportunities for startups and business development.

Offers a range of housing options.

Elektrostal provides diverse housing options, including apartments, houses, and residential complexes, catering to different lifestyles and budgets.

Home to notable sports teams.

Elektrostal is proud of its sports legacy, with several successful sports teams competing at regional and national levels.

Boasts a vibrant nightlife scene.

Residents and visitors can enjoy a lively nightlife in Elektrostal, with numerous bars, clubs, and entertainment venues.

Promotes cultural exchange and international relations.

Elektrostal actively engages in international partnerships, cultural exchanges, and diplomatic collaborations to foster global connections.

Surrounded by beautiful nature reserves.

Nearby nature reserves, such as the Barybino Forest and Luchinskoye Lake, offer opportunities for nature enthusiasts to explore and appreciate the region’s biodiversity.

Commemorates historical events.

The city pays tribute to significant historical events through memorials, monuments, and exhibitions, ensuring the preservation of collective memory.

Promotes sports and youth development.

Elektrostal invests in sports infrastructure and programs to encourage youth participation, health, and physical fitness.

Hosts annual cultural and artistic festivals.

Throughout the year, Elektrostal celebrates its cultural diversity through festivals dedicated to music, dance, art, and theater.

Provides a picturesque landscape for photography enthusiasts.

The city’s scenic beauty, architectural landmarks, and natural surroundings make it a paradise for photographers.

Connects to Moscow via a direct train line.

The convenient train connection between Elektrostal and Moscow makes commuting between the two cities effortless.

A city with a bright future.

Elektrostal continues to grow and develop, aiming to become a model city in terms of infrastructure, sustainability, and quality of life for its residents.

In conclusion, Elektrostal is a fascinating city with a rich history and a vibrant present. From its origins as a center of steel production to its modern-day status as a hub for education and industry, Elektrostal has plenty to offer both residents and visitors. With its beautiful parks, cultural attractions, and proximity to Moscow, there is no shortage of things to see and do in this dynamic city. Whether you’re interested in exploring its historical landmarks, enjoying outdoor activities, or immersing yourself in the local culture, Elektrostal has something for everyone. So, next time you find yourself in the Moscow region, don’t miss the opportunity to discover the hidden gems of Elektrostal.

Q: What is the population of Elektrostal?

A: As of the latest data, the population of Elektrostal is approximately XXXX.

Q: How far is Elektrostal from Moscow?

A: Elektrostal is located approximately XX kilometers away from Moscow.

Q: Are there any famous landmarks in Elektrostal?

A: Yes, Elektrostal is home to several notable landmarks, including XXXX and XXXX.

Q: What industries are prominent in Elektrostal?

A: Elektrostal is known for its steel production industry and is also a center for engineering and manufacturing.

Q: Are there any universities or educational institutions in Elektrostal?

A: Yes, Elektrostal is home to XXXX University and several other educational institutions.

Q: What are some popular outdoor activities in Elektrostal?

A: Elektrostal offers several outdoor activities, such as hiking, cycling, and picnicking in its beautiful parks.

Q: Is Elektrostal well-connected in terms of transportation?

A: Yes, Elektrostal has good transportation links, including trains and buses, making it easily accessible from nearby cities.

Q: Are there any annual events or festivals in Elektrostal?

A: Yes, Elektrostal hosts various events and festivals throughout the year, including XXXX and XXXX.

Elektrostal's fascinating history, vibrant culture, and promising future make it a city worth exploring. For more captivating facts about cities around the world, discover the unique characteristics that define each city . Uncover the hidden gems of Moscow Oblast through our in-depth look at Kolomna. Lastly, dive into the rich industrial heritage of Teesside, a thriving industrial center with its own story to tell.

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Homicide suspect turns himself in after fatally shooting wife, police say

The man allegedly shot his wife multiple times..

NASHVILLE, Tenn. (WSMV) - The Lebanon Police Department (LPD) said the man who was believed to be “armed and dangerous” turned himself in after he allegedly fatally shot his wife.

Police said 42-year-old Steve Yarbrough peacefully turned over to officers at the Lebanon Police Department.

Early Saturday morning, at about 12:30, police responded to 502 Fairview Avenue at The Ridgeview Apartments.

When officers arrived, they found a woman with multiple gunshot wounds. She was taken to a local hospital where she later died.

“We are grateful for our detectives and officers, who worked steadfastly to bring justice to the victim. We will continue to keep the victim’s family and loved ones in our thoughts and prayers,” police said

Copyright 2024 WSMV. All rights reserved.

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The Possible Collapse of the U.S. Home Insurance System

A times investigation found climate change may now be a concern for every homeowner in the country..

This transcript was created using speech recognition software. While it has been reviewed by human transcribers, it may contain errors. Please review the episode audio before quoting from this transcript and email [email protected] with any questions.

From “The New York Times,” I’m Sabrina Tavernise. And this is “The Daily.”

[MUSIC PLAYING]

Today, my colleague, Christopher Flavelle, on a “Times” investigation into one of the least known and most consequential effects of climate change — insurance — and why it may now be a concern for every homeowner in the country.

It’s Wednesday, May 15.

So, Chris, you and I talked a while ago about how climate change was really wreaking havoc in the insurance market in Florida. You’ve just done an investigation that takes a look into the insurance markets more broadly and more deeply. Tell us about it.

Yeah, so I cover climate change, in particular the way climate shocks affect different parts of American life. And insurance has become a really big part of that coverage. And Florida is a great example. As hurricanes have gotten worse and more frequent, insurers are paying out more and more money to rebuild people’s homes. And that’s driving up insurance costs and ultimately driving up the cost of owning a home in Florida.

So we’re already seeing that climate impact on the housing market in Florida. My colleagues and I started to think, well, could it be that that kind of disruption is also happening in other states, not just in the obvious coastal states but maybe even through the middle of the US? So we set out to find out just how much it is happening, how much that Florida turmoil has, in fact, become really a contagion that is spreading across the country.

So how did you go about reporting this? I mean, where did you start?

All we knew at the start of this was that there was reason to think this might be a problem. If you just look at how the federal government tracks disasters around the country, there’s been a big increase almost every year in the number and severity of all kinds of disasters around the country. So we thought, OK, it’s worth trying to find out, what does that mean for insurers?

The problem is getting data on the insurance industry is actually really hard. There’s no federal regulation. There’s no government agency you can go to that holds this data. If you talk to the insurers directly, they tend to be a little reluctant to share information about what they’re going through. So we weren’t sure where to go until, finally, we realized the best people to ask are the people whose job it is to gauge the financial health of insurance companies.

Those are rating agencies. In particular, there’s one rating company called AM Best, whose whole purpose is to tell investors how healthy an insurance company is.

Whoa. So this is way down in the nuts and bolts of the US insurance industry.

Right. This is a part of the broader economy that most people would never experience. But we asked them to do something special for us. We said, hey, can you help us find the one number that would tell us reporters just how healthy or unhealthy this insurance market is state by state over time? And it turns out, there is just such a number. It’s called a combined ratio.

OK, plain English?

Plain English, it is the ratio of revenue to costs, how much money these guys take in for homeowner’s insurance and how much they pay out in costs and losses. You want your revenue to be higher than your costs. If not, you’re in trouble.

So what did you find out?

Well, we got that number for every state, going back more than a decade. And what it showed us was our suspicions were right. This market turmoil that we were seeing in Florida and California has indeed been spreading across the country. And in fact, it turns out that in 18 states, last year, the homeowner’s insurance market lost money. And that’s a big jump from 5 or 10 years ago and spells real trouble for insurance and for homeowners and for almost every part of the economy.

So the contagion was real.

Right. This is our first window showing us just how far that contagion had spread. And one of the really striking things about this data was it showed the contagion had spread to places that I wouldn’t have thought of as especially prone to climate shocks — for example, a lot of the Midwest, a lot of the Southeast. In fact, if you think of a map of the country, there was no state between Pennsylvania and the Dakotas that didn’t lose money on homeowner’s insurance last year.

So just huge parts of the middle of the US have become unprofitable for homeowner’s insurance. This market is starting to buckle under the cost of climate change.

And this is all happening really fast. When we did the Florida episode two years ago, it was a completely new phenomenon and really only in Florida. And now it’s everywhere.

Yeah. And that’s exactly what’s so striking here. The rate at which this is becoming, again, a contagion and spreading across the country is just demolishing the expectations of anyone I’ve spoken to. No one thought that this problem would affect so much of the US so quickly.

So in these states, these new places that the contagion has spread to, what exactly is happening that’s causing the insurance companies to fold up shop?

Yeah. Something really particular is happening in a lot of these states. And it’s worth noting how it’s surprised everyone. And what that is, is formally unimportant weather events, like hailstorms or windstorms, those didn’t used to be the kind of thing that would scare insurance companies. Obviously, a big problem if it destroys your home or damages your home. But for insurers, it wasn’t going to wipe them out financially.

Right. It wasn’t just a complete and utter wipeout that the company would then have to pony up a lot of money for.

Exactly. And insurers call them secondary perils, sort of a belittling term, something other than a big deal, like a hurricane.

These minor league weather events.

Right. But those are becoming so frequent and so much more intense that they can cause existential threats for insurance companies. And insurers are now fleeing states not because of hurricanes but because those former things that were small are now big. Hailstorms, wildfires in some places, previous annoyances are becoming real threats to insurers.

Chris, what’s the big picture on what insurers are actually facing? What’s happening out there numbers-wise?

This is a huge threat. In terms of the number of states where this industry is losing money, it’s more than doubled from 10 years ago to basically a third of the country. The amount they’re losing is enormous. In some states, insurers are paying out $1.25 or even $1.50 for every dollar they bring in, in revenue, which is totally unsustainable.

And the result is insurers are making changes. They are pulling back from these markets. They’re hiking premiums. And often, they’re just dropping customers. And that’s where this becomes real, not just for people who surf balance sheets and trade in the stock market. This is becoming real for homeowners around the country, who all of a sudden increasingly can’t get insurance.

So, Chris, what’s the actual implication? I mean, what happens when people in a state can’t get insurance for their homes?

Getting insurance for a home is crucial if you want to sell or buy a home. Most people can’t buy a home without a mortgage. And banks won’t issue a mortgage without home insurance. So if you’ve got a home that insurance company doesn’t want to cover, you got a real problem. You need to find insurance, or that home becomes very close to unsellable.

And as you get fewer buyers, the price goes down. So this doesn’t just hurt people who are paying for these insurance premiums. It hurts people who want to sell their homes. It even could hurt, at some point, whole local economies. If home values fall, governments take in less tax revenue. That means less money for schools and police. It also means people who get hit by disasters and have to rebuild their homes all of a sudden can’t, because their insurance isn’t available anymore. It’s hard to overstate just how big a deal this is.

And is that actually happening, Chris? I mean, are housing markets being dragged down because of this problem with the insurance markets right now?

Anecdotally, we’ve got reports that in places like Florida and Louisiana and maybe in parts of California, the difficulty of getting insurance, the crazy high cost of insurance is starting to depress demand because not everyone can afford to pay these really high costs, even if they have insurance. But what we wanted to focus on with this story was also, OK, we know where this goes eventually. But where is it beginning? What are the places that are just starting to feel these shocks from the insurance market?

And so I called around and asked insurance agents, who are the front lines of this. They’re the ones who are struggling to find insurance for homeowners. And I said, hey, is there one place that I should go if I want to understand what it looks like to homeowners when all of a sudden insurance becomes really expensive or you can’t even find it? And those insurance agents told me, if you want to see what this looks like in real life, go to a little town called Marshalltown in the middle of Iowa.

We’ll be right back.

So, Chris, you went to Marshalltown, Iowa. What did you find?

Even before I got to Marshalltown, I had some idea I was in the right spot. When I landed in Des Moines and went to rent a car, the nice woman at the desk who rented me a car, she said, what are you doing here? I said, I’m here to write a story about people in Iowa who can’t get insurance because of storms. She said, oh, yeah, I know all about that. That’s a big problem here.

Even the rental car lady.

Even the rental car lady knew something was going on. And so I got into my rental car and drove about an hour northeast of Des Moines, through some rolling hills, to this lovely little town of Marshalltown. Marshalltown is a really cute, little Midwestern town with old homes and a beautiful courthouse in the town square. And when I drove through, I couldn’t help noticing all the roofs looked new.

What does that tell you?

Turns out Marshalltown, despite being a pastoral image of Midwestern easy living, was hit by two really bad disasters in recent years — first, a devastating tornado in 2018 and then, in 2020, what’s called a derecho, a straight-line wind event that’s also just enormously damaging. And the result was lots of homes in this small town got severely damaged in a short period of time. And so when you drive down, you see all these new roofs that give you the sense that something’s going on.

So climate had come to Marshalltown?

Exactly. A place that had previously seemed maybe safe from climate change, if there is such a thing, all of a sudden was not. So I found an insurance agent in Marshalltown —

We talked to other agents but haven’t talked to many homeowners.

— named Bobby Shomo. And he invited me to his office early one morning and said, come meet some people. And so I parked on a quiet street outside of his office, across the street from the courthouse, which also had a new roof, and went into his conference room and met a procession of clients who all had versions of the same horror story.

It was more — well more of double.

A huge reduction in coverage with a huge price increase.

Some people had faced big premium hikes.

I’m just a little, small business owner. So every little bit I do feel.

They had so much trouble with their insurance company.

I was with IMT Insurance forever. And then when I moved in 2020, Bobby said they won’t insure a pool.

Some people had gotten dropped.

Where we used to see carriers canceling someone for frequency of three or four or five claims, it’s one or two now.

Some people couldn’t get the coverage they needed. But it was versions of the same tale, which is all of a sudden, having homeowner’s insurance in Marshalltown was really difficult. But I wanted to see if it was bigger than just Marshalltown. So the next day, I got back in my car and drove east to Cedar Rapids, where I met another person having a version of the same problem, a guy named Dave Langston.

Tell me about Dave.

Dave lives in a handsome, modest, little townhouse on a quiet cul-de-sac on a hill at the edge of Cedar Rapids. He’s the president of his homeowners association. There’s 17 homes on this little street. And this is just as far as you could get from a danger zone. It looks as safe as could be. But in January, they got a letter from the company that insures him and his neighbors, saying his policy was being canceled, even though it wasn’t as though they’d just been hit by some giant storm.

So then what was the reason they gave?

They didn’t give a reason. And I think people might not realize, insurers don’t have to give a reason. Insurance policies are year to year. And if your insurance company decides that you’re too much of a risk or your neighborhood is too much of a risk or your state is too much of a risk, they can just leave. They can send you a letter saying, forget it. We’re canceling your insurance. There’s almost no protection people have.

And in this case, the reason was that this insurance company was losing too much money in Iowa and didn’t want to keep on writing homeowner’s insurance in the state. That was the situation that Dave shared with tens of thousands of people across the state that were all getting similar letters.

What made Dave’s situation a little more challenging was that he couldn’t get new insurance. He tried for months through agent after agent after agent. And every company told him the same thing. We won’t cover you. Even though these homes are perfectly safe in a safe part of the state, nobody would say yes. And it took them until basically two days before their insurance policy was going to run out until they finally found new coverage that was far more expensive and far more bare-bones than what they’d had.

But at least it was something.

It was something. But the problem was it wasn’t that good. Under this new policy, if Dave’s street got hit by another big windstorm, the damage from that storm and fixing that damage would wipe out all the savings set aside by these homeowners. The deductible would be crushingly high — $120,000 — to replace those roofs if the worst happened because the insurance money just wouldn’t cover anywhere close to the cost of rebuilding.

He said to me, we didn’t do anything wrong. This is just what insurance looks like today. And today, it’s us in Cedar Rapids. Everyone, though, is going to face a situation like this eventually. And Dave is right. I talked to insurance agents around the country. And they confirmed for me that this kind of a shift towards a new type of insurance, insurance that’s more expensive and doesn’t cover as much and makes it harder to rebuild after a big disaster, it’s becoming more and more common around the country.

So, Chris, if Dave and the people you spoke to in Iowa were really evidence that your hunch was right, that the problem is spreading and rapidly, what are the possible fixes here?

The fix that people seem most hopeful about is this idea that, what if you could reduce the risk and cause there to be less damage in the first place? So what some states are doing is they’re trying to encourage homeowners to spend more money on hardening their home or adding a new roof or, if it’s a wildfire zone, cut back the vegetation, things that can reduce your risk of having really serious losses. And to help pay for that, they’re telling insurers, you’ve got to offer a discount to people who do that.

And everyone who works in this field says, in theory, that’s the right approach. The problem is, number one, hardening a home costs a fantastic amount of money. So doing this at scale is hugely expensive. Number two, it takes a long time to actually get enough homes hardened in this way that you can make a real dent for insurance companies. We’re talking about years or probably decades before that has a real effect, if it ever works.

OK. So that sounds not particularly realistic, given the urgency and the timeline we’re on here. So what else are people looking at?

Option number two is the government gets involved. And instead of most Americans buying home insurance from a private company, they start buying it from government programs that are designed to make sure that people, even in risky places, can still buy insurance. That would be just a gargantuan undertaking. The idea of the government providing homeowner’s insurance because private companies can’t or won’t would lead to one of the biggest government programs that exists, if we could even do it.

So huge change, like the federal government actually trying to write these markets by itself by providing homeowner’s insurance. But is that really feasible?

Well, in some areas, we’re actually already doing it. The government already provides flood insurance because for decades, most private insurers have not wanted to cover flood. It’s too risky. It’s too expensive. But that change, with governments taking over that role, creates a new problem of its own because the government providing flood insurance that you otherwise couldn’t get means people have been building and building in flood-prone areas because they know they can get that guaranteed flood insurance.

Interesting. So that’s a huge new downside. The government would be incentivizing people to move to places that they shouldn’t be.

That’s right. But there’s even one more problem with that approach of using the government to try to solve this problem, which is these costs keep growing. The number of billion-dollar disasters the US experiences every year keeps going up. And at some point, even if the government pays the cost through some sort of subsidized insurance, what happens when that cost is so great that we can no longer afford to pay it? That’s the really hard question that no official can answer.

So that’s pretty doomsday, Chris. Are we looking at the end of insurance?

I think it’s fair to say that we’re looking at the end of insurance as we know it, the end of insurance that means most Americans can rest assured that if they get hit by a disaster, their insurance company will provide enough money they can rebuild. That idea might be going away. And what it shows is maybe the threat of climate change isn’t quite what we thought.

Maybe instead of climate change wrecking communities in the form of a big storm or a wildfire or a flood, maybe even before those things happen, climate change can wreck communities by something as seemingly mundane and even boring as insurance. Maybe the harbinger of doom is not a giant storm but an anodyne letter from your insurance company, saying, we’re sorry to inform you we can no longer cover your home.

Maybe the future of climate change is best seen not by poring over weather data from NOAA but by poring over spreadsheets from rating firms, showing the profitability from insurance companies, and how bit by bit, that money that they’re losing around the country tells its own story. And the story is these shocks are actually already here.

Chris, as always, terrifying to talk to you.

Always a pleasure, Sabrina.

Here’s what else you should know today. On Tuesday, the United Nations has reclassified the number of women and children killed in Gaza, saying that it does not have enough identifying information to know exactly how many of the total dead are women and children. The UN now estimates that about 5,000 women and about 8,000 children have been killed, figures that are about half of what it was previously citing. The UN says the numbers dropped because it is using a more conservative estimate while waiting for information on about 10,000 other dead Gazans who have not yet been identified.

And Mike Johnson, the Speaker of the House, gave a press conference outside the court in Lower Manhattan, where Michael Cohen, the former fixer for Donald Trump, was testifying for a second day, answering questions from Trump’s lawyers. Trump is bound by a gag order. So Johnson joined other stand-ins for the former president to discredit the proceedings. Johnson, one of the most important Republicans in the country, attacked Cohen but also the trial itself, calling it a sham and political theater.

Today’s episode was produced by Nina Feldman, Shannon Lin, and Jessica Cheung. It was edited by MJ Davis Lin, with help from Michael Benoist, contains original music by Dan Powell, Marion Lozano, and Rowan Niemisto, and was engineered by Alyssa Moxley. Our theme music is by Jim Brunberg and Ben Landsverk of Wonderly.

That’s it for “The Daily.” I’m Sabrina Tavernise. See you tomorrow.

• May 19, 2024 The Sunday Read: ‘Why Did This Guy Put a Song About Me on Spotify?’
• May 17, 2024   •   51:10 The Campus Protesters Explain Themselves
• May 16, 2024   •   30:47 The Make-or-Break Testimony of Michael Cohen
• May 15, 2024   •   27:03 The Possible Collapse of the U.S. Home Insurance System
• May 14, 2024   •   35:20 Voters Want Change. In Our Poll, They See It in Trump.
• May 13, 2024   •   27:46 How Biden Adopted Trump’s Trade War With China
• May 10, 2024   •   27:42 Stormy Daniels Takes the Stand
• May 9, 2024   •   34:42 One Strongman, One Billion Voters, and the Future of India
• May 8, 2024   •   28:28 A Plan to Remake the Middle East
• May 7, 2024   •   27:43 How Changing Ocean Temperatures Could Upend Life on Earth
• May 6, 2024   •   29:23 R.F.K. Jr.’s Battle to Get on the Ballot
• May 3, 2024   •   25:33 The Protesters and the President

Hosted by Sabrina Tavernise

Featuring Christopher Flavelle

Produced by Nina Feldman ,  Shannon M. Lin and Jessica Cheung

Edited by MJ Davis Lin

With Michael Benoist

Original music by Dan Powell ,  Marion Lozano and Rowan Niemisto

Engineered by Alyssa Moxley

Listen and follow The Daily Apple Podcasts | Spotify | Amazon Music | YouTube

Across the United States, more frequent extreme weather is starting to cause the home insurance market to buckle, even for those who have paid their premiums dutifully year after year.

Christopher Flavelle, a climate reporter, discusses a Times investigation into one of the most consequential effects of the changes.

On today’s episode

Christopher Flavelle , a climate change reporter for The New York Times.

Background reading

As American insurers bleed cash from climate shocks , homeowners lose.

See how the home insurance crunch affects the market in each state .

Here are four takeaways from The Times’s investigation.

There are a lot of ways to listen to The Daily. Here’s how.

We aim to make transcripts available the next workday after an episode’s publication. You can find them at the top of the page.

Christopher Flavelle contributed reporting.

The Daily is made by Rachel Quester, Lynsea Garrison, Clare Toeniskoetter, Paige Cowett, Michael Simon Johnson, Brad Fisher, Chris Wood, Jessica Cheung, Stella Tan, Alexandra Leigh Young, Lisa Chow, Eric Krupke, Marc Georges, Luke Vander Ploeg, M.J. Davis Lin, Dan Powell, Sydney Harper, Mike Benoist, Liz O. Baylen, Asthaa Chaturvedi, Rachelle Bonja, Diana Nguyen, Marion Lozano, Corey Schreppel, Rob Szypko, Elisheba Ittoop, Mooj Zadie, Patricia Willens, Rowan Niemisto, Jody Becker, Rikki Novetsky, John Ketchum, Nina Feldman, Will Reid, Carlos Prieto, Ben Calhoun, Susan Lee, Lexie Diao, Mary Wilson, Alex Stern, Dan Farrell, Sophia Lanman, Shannon Lin, Diane Wong, Devon Taylor, Alyssa Moxley, Summer Thomad, Olivia Natt, Daniel Ramirez and Brendan Klinkenberg.

Our theme music is by Jim Brunberg and Ben Landsverk of Wonderly. Special thanks to Sam Dolnick, Paula Szuchman, Lisa Tobin, Larissa Anderson, Julia Simon, Sofia Milan, Mahima Chablani, Elizabeth Davis-Moorer, Jeffrey Miranda, Renan Borelli, Maddy Masiello, Isabella Anderson and Nina Lassam.

Christopher Flavelle is a Times reporter who writes about how the United States is trying to adapt to the effects of climate change. More about Christopher Flavelle

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NEWS... BUT NOT AS YOU KNOW IT

‘I quit my job as a TV presenter to become a wizard’

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In the early 2000s, Antonia Harman was a rising star TV presenter, working on shows including Sweet and Sassy and on Sky alongside Keith Lemon .

But one day the 43-year-old, who lives in Cornwall, decided to jack the showbiz life in… to become a wizard.

She now boasts celebrity clients who pay £3,000 for personalised live video sessions, including former X Factor star Diana Vickers.

Diana, 32, who is featured on Antonia’s website testimonials, previously claimed she helped heal her endometritis pain.

The condition, where tissue similar to the lining of the womb grows in other places, left Diana ‘disengaged from my friends’ and ‘crying’ in her bedroom during the day.

She told The Sun that Antonia worked her magic and ‘then I was going out, my pain was going, I was in control of my body again.’

Diana also claimed that Antonia cured her tonsillitis.

In a new interview, Antonia detailed her other happy patients, revealing she once extracted a ‘foot-long energetic parasite’ from a friend’s ear in a restaurant toilet.

Antonia’s tailored services do not come cheap, with clients paying £3,000 for live video sessions that help heal physical and emotional trauma.

For those on more of a budget, though, £55 per month will get you multiple informational videos.

Antonia recalled the first time she proclaimed herself a wizard to The Sun – and it was during an encounter with a police officer.

She said: ‘It was utterly ridiculous. I was stationary with my engine on and handbrake up while checking my maps app, but there had just been a change in the law so I was looking at my phone illegally.

‘I got a “ratatat” on my window and it was a police officer. They gave me some points and a fine and then I got sat in the police car and had to fill in these forms.

‘The officer asked what I do for a living and I just said I was a wizard.’

In official documents, she now puts ‘healer’ as her profession.

Antonia said her career change was ‘very unexpected’ as she had a ‘mainstream’ upbringing.

However, she recalled feeling her grandfather’s death before she was informed it had happened and decided to pursue her sixth sense at a five-day course.

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635th Anti-Aircraft Missile Regiment

635-й зенитно-ракетный полк

Military Unit: 86646

Activated 1953 in Stepanshchino, Moscow Oblast - initially as the 1945th Anti-Aircraft Artillery Regiment for Special Use and from 1955 as the 635th Anti-Aircraft Missile Regiment for Special Use.

1953 to 1984 equipped with 60 S-25 (SA-1) launchers:

• Launch area: 55 15 43N, 38 32 13E (US designation: Moscow SAM site E14-1)
• Support area: 55 16 50N, 38 32 28E
• Guidance area: 55 16 31N, 38 30 38E

1984 converted to the S-300PT (SA-10) with three independent battalions:

• 1st independent Anti-Aircraft Missile Battalion (Bessonovo, Moscow Oblast) - 55 09 34N, 38 22 26E
• 2nd independent Anti-Aircraft Missile Battalion and HQ (Stepanshchino, Moscow Oblast) - 55 15 31N, 38 32 23E
• 3rd independent Anti-Aircraft Missile Battalion (Shcherbovo, Moscow Oblast) - 55 22 32N, 38 43 33E

Disbanded 1.5.98.

Subordination:

• 1st Special Air Defence Corps , 1953 - 1.6.88
• 86th Air Defence Division , 1.6.88 - 1.10.94
• 86th Air Defence Brigade , 1.10.94 - 1.10.95
• 86th Air Defence Division , 1.10.95 - 1.5.98