addis ababa university masters thesis pdf

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ADDIS ABABA UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF GRADUATE STUDIES

Integrated geological and geophysical studies to investigate the landslide zones and study its impact: a case along the road section within Kurar Kebele, Dejen woreda, Central Ethiopia A Thesis Submitted to School of Graduate Studies of Addis Ababa University In partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Masters of Sciences (Environmental Geology and Geo-hazard)

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The complex geological and geomorphological settings of Ethiopia, consisted of highland plateaus, escarpments, deeply dissected valleys, and flat lowlands, are results of multiple episodes of orogenesis, peneplanation, crustal up-doming, faulting, and emplacement of huge volumes of lava. The broad elevation contrast raging from about −125 m to 4550 m Above Mean Sea Level (AMSL) is an important factor in determining the climate regimes, vegetation types, and even populations’ lifestyles. In Ethiopia landslides, mostly manifested as rockfall, earth slide, debris, and mudflow, are among the major geohazard problems that immensely affects life, infrastructures, and the natural environment. They widely occur in the central, S-SW, and N-NW highland regions. This study discusses the distributions, causes, and impacts of landslides and presents a susceptibility zoning map produced applying the weighted overlay analysis method in the ArcGIS environment. For this purpose, key parameters (lith...

Sylvestre Ganno

Geophysical and geotechnical surveys were conducted in the Western Cameroon (Kekem area) following a landslide on argillaceous material in order to understand the triggering processes and mechanisms of this landslide and to assess the stability of the slope. The geophysical soundings consisting of vertical electrical soundings with the Schlumberger elec- trode array configuration were carried out to monitor the behaviour of electrical resistivity in the landslide. Geoelectri- cal data showed a zone of low resistivity values identified as a clayey sand-filled aquifer. This aquifer played an impor- tant role in the triggering process of the landslide. Geotechnical soundings showed that the aquifer had a thickness of 7.0 m. The depth from the landslide crest level to the failure surface reached 3.0 m and 20.6 m. Laboratory tests were then carried out in order to evaluate the cohesion of the soil and the angle of internal friction, and to calculate the safety factor in view of making a stability analysis. The laboratory results exhibited a soil with low consistency, almost doughy. The mean value of the safety factor (1.4) been lower than the slope stability coefficient (1.5), revealed that the slope is unstable, likely to know at any moment a reactivation of the slide. This study showed that electrical soundings coupled with geotechnical surveys are useful tools for the characterization of landslides.

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In Ethiopia, the magnitude of landslide occurrence and its resulting damage has been increasing in recent times. The aim was to undertake comprehensive inventory of landslides, evaluate the geological, and engineering geological condition, and state the main factors causing landslides and develop hazard zonation map of study area. Analytical Hierarchy Process method were used to analyse, evaluate and interpret laboratory data's and produce landslide hazard zonation map. The area is classified into four landslide hazard zones; the high hazard zone covers about 22%, moderate hazard zone covers 36 %, the low hazard zone covers 32% and very low hazard zone area covers 20% of the study area. From the inventory data only 6% of the field slopes falls on the very law hazard class, 18% of the landslide falls in law hazard zone, 31% of the landslide falls in the moderate hazard zone and 46% falls High hazard zone. Based on the result analysed, mitigation measure were provision of Gabion retaining structure, drainage improvement, bioengineering using vegetation and develop proper land use plan.

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—There were several slides and associated ground subsidence which brought significant impact on cracking of walls and floor of several private and governmental buildings in Bonga Town. The principal and secondary roads were also affected by subsidence with vertical displacement up to 1m which hampered the traffic in the town. Water pipelines along the road were disturbed by the sliding which were later repaired. Cracking of the walls and floor of more than 120 private residences and more than 10 government buildings were recorded. The main highway that connects Bonga-Tepi-Masha via Alamo and Gatiba has been disrupted at four locations. This resulted in hampering in traffic for several days. This research aimed to evaluate the cause and failure mechanism as well as the stability condition of the landslides. The study involved the investigation of the Geotechnical parameters of soil and the terrain characteristics to be used for the stability analysis of the slope, including distribution and characteristics of soils, the groundwater table, and the depth and geometry of the failures. The Slope stability analysis is supplemented by using Geo-studio 2004 software. Soil samples were collected, and were tested for grain size analysis, distribution analysis (sieve & hydrometer) plastic limit, liquid limit, plasticity index, water content, unit weight of soil, specific gravity and shear strength parameters following the ASTM procedures. Based on the findings, the landslides were triggered by heavy rainfall. Therefore, the main factors controlling the stability of slope are soil type and characteristics, slope angle, water (surface and groundwater), and slope steepness. The design of retaining wall is recommended to mitigate the impact of landslides in the study area.

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