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Essay Paper UPSC 2023 (Mains) Question Paper and Analysis

Last updated on September 27, 2023 by ClearIAS Team

UPSC conducted the Civil Service Mains exam for essay paper on 15 September 2023.

The CSE mains essay paper comprises two sections. Each section contains 4 essay topics. Out of which 2 topics of choice from each section need to be picked.

Candidates were supposed to answer about 1000-1200 words for each essay.

Table of Contents

UPSC CSE Essay Paper 2023 Instructions

General instructions mentioned on the essay paper, that need to be followed by every aspirant are provided here.

Total Marks: 250 marks, Time duration: 3 hours.
The essay must be written in the medium authorized in the admission certificate which must be stated clearly on the cover of this question-cum-answer (QCA) booklet in the space provided.
No marks will be given for answers written in a medium other than the authorized one.
Word limit, as specified, should be adhered to.
Any page or portion of the page left blank, must be struck off clearly.

Essay Question Paper: UPSC Civil Services Main Exam (Written) 2023

The question paper of the UPSC CSE mains essay paper is provided here.

Write two essays, choosing one topic from each of the following Sections A and B, in about 1000-1200 words each:

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1: Thinking is like a game, it does not begin unless there is an opposite team.

2: Visionary decision-making happens at the intersection of intuition and logic.

3: Not all who wander are lost.

4: Inspiration for creativity springs from the effort to look for the magical in the mundane.

5: Girls are weighed down by restrictions, boys with demands- two equally harmful disciplines.

6: Mathematics is the music of reasons.

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7: A society that has more justice is a society that needs less charity.

8: Education is what remains after one has forgotten what one has learned in school.

UPSC Mains Essay Paper 2023: Exam Analysis

The essay topics for the UPSC Civil Services Main Exam in 2023 were intellectually demanding and philosophical in nature.

They required candidates to engage in deep critical thinking and present their thoughts logically.

All the questions in this year’s paper aimed at assessing the candidates’ ability to handle abstract concepts and express their ideas effectively in a structured manner.

This year’s essay topics look like that UPSC has taken inspiration from a wide range of sources, including philosophical and literary works.

Thinking is like a game, it does not begin unless there is an opposite team

This topic seems to revolve around the idea that critical thinking often emerges in response to opposing viewpoints or challenges.

Candidates may have been asked to explore how the clash of ideas leads to innovation and progress.

Visionary decision-making happens at the intersection of intuition and logic.

This famous saying belongs to Paul O’Brien.

This statement likely prompted candidates to discuss the balance between intuition and rationality in making important decisions.

It encourages a reflection on the role of both factors in effective leadership and problem-solving

Not all who wander are lost

This saying belongs to J.R.R. Tolkien, The Fellowship of the Ring.

The topic expected from candidates to think about how exploring and being spontaneous in life’s journey can be really good.

It’s a deep topic that can be understood in many different ways.

Inspiration for creativity springs from the effort to look for the magical in the mundane

This essay topic appears to emphasize the idea that creativity is not limited to rare moments of inspiration but can be found in everyday experiences.

It probably asked people to think about where creativity comes from and how we can express it in our daily lives.

Girls are weighed down by restrictions, boys with demands- two equally harmful disciplines

This is the saying of Simone de Beauvoir

Simone de Beauvoir was a prominent French existentialist philosopher and feminist thinker. She made significant contributions to feminist philosophy through her work, including “The Second Sex,” where she discussed the concept of “The Other” and examined the role of societal expectations in shaping women’s lives.

The quote by Simone de Beauvoir presented the idea that both girls and boys or individuals of different genders, often face distinct but equally harmful forms of societal pressures and constraints.

It suggests that expectations placed on girls (referred to as “restrictions”) and boys (referred to as “demands”) can be damaging and limit their potential.

Mathematics is the music of reasons

The complete saying of James Joseph Sylvester is that mathematics is the music of reason. May not music be described as the mathematics of the sense, mathematics as music of the reason? The musician feels mathematics, the mathematician thinks music: music the dream, mathematics the working life.”

This statement suggests a poetic connection between mathematics and music. Candidates likely had to discuss the beauty and logic inherent in mathematics and its role in shaping our understanding of the world.

A society that has more justice is a society that needs less charity

This topic seems to touch upon the ideas of social justice and charity, which have been discussed by philosophers like John Rawls and the concept of the “veil of ignorance.”

Candidates may have been asked to explore the relationship between justice, equality, and philanthropy in society.

Education is what remains after one has forgotten what one has learned in school

Education is what remains after one has forgotten what one has learned in school – Albert Einstein .

This essay topic likely demands from candidates to reflect on the value of education beyond rote memorization.

It may have expect discussion on the practical application of knowledge and lifelong learning.

What Should Aspirants Preparing for UPSC CSE for Next Year do for an essay paper?

Taking the essay paper in the UPSC exam seriously is important. This paper requires you to write 10-12 pages about abstract or philosophical topics, which can be challenging if you’re not well-prepared.

To succeed in this exam and perform well in the essay paper, you should work on improving your comprehension and analytical skills. To get additional guidance you can join the ClearIAS essay writing program as well.

One helpful way to prepare is by reading various types of essays, especially philosophical ones. Pay special attention to the ideas of famous philosophers like Immanuel Kant, Thomas Aquinas, John Locke, Friedrich Nietzsche, Karl Marx, and others.

Practice writing essays based on famous quotes, as this is a common format in UPSC exams.

Additionally, be ready to write essays on a wide range of topics, including society, politics, the economy, and technology. UPSC asks such types of questions too.

Keep in mind that there isn’t a fixed pattern for UPSC questions. Analyze previous year’s question papers to get valuable insight. So, focus on understanding the way UPSC frames questions rather than expecting a consistent trend.

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UPSC Mains Question Paper 2023

By vajiram & ravi.

Model Answers GS Paper I PDF

Model Answers GS Paper II PDF

Model Answers GS Paper III PDF

Model Answers GS Paper IV PDF

The UPSC Mains Question Paper 2023 will help you understand the exam pattern being followed by UPSC in this year. The exam dates for the UPSC CSE Mains are 15th, 16th, 17th, 23rd and 24th September 2023. The examination was conducted in two shifts: the first shift is from 9.00 a.m. - 12.00 p.m., and the second shift is from 2.00 p.m. -5.00 p.m . The pattern of the UPSC Mains 2023 question paper consists of a comprehensive assessment designed to evaluate the knowledge, analytical abilities, and writing skills of aspirants for various civil services positions in India. There are 9 papers in total, and all are descriptive in nature.

Analysing the UPSC Mains 2023 paper will help you analyse the pattern of questions and fill in the gaps in your preparation for UPSC 2024 . Therefore, this article will focus on providing UPSC Mains Question Papers 2023 for all 9 papers that are taking place from 15th to 24th September 2023.

UPSC Mains 2023 Question Paper PDF

The UPSC Mains Question Paper consists of a set of nine papers, out of which two are qualifying in nature, namely the English Language Paper and an Indian Language Paper (selected by the candidate). The remaining seven papers are counted for merit, covering a wide spectrum of subjects, including General Studies, Essay, and optional subjects selected by the candidates. These papers are designed to evaluate a candidate's in-depth understanding of various subjects, critical thinking ability, analytical skills, and ability to articulate thoughts clearly.

Here, you can download the UPSC Mains Question Paper 2023 PDF of GS Paper- I, II, III and IV consisting of the General Studies subjects part of the UPSC Syllabus . Each Paper carries 250 Marks.

General Studies I (Indian Heritage and Culture, History and Geography of the World and Society)
General Studies II (Governance, Constitution, Polity, Social Justice, and International Relations)
General Studies III (Technology, Economic Development, Biodiversity, Environment, Security and Disaster Management)
General Studies IV (Ethics, Integrity, and Aptitude)

You can download the UPSC Mains Question Paper 2023 of General Studies - I, II, III, and IV from the given link below:

GS Paper I Mains Question Paper 2023
GS Paper II Mains Question Paper 2023
GS Paper III Mains Question Paper 2023
GS Paper IV Mains Question Paper 2023

Model Answers of UPSC Mains 2023 General Studies Questions

Those who have taken the UPSC Mains 2023 exam from 15th to 24th September or those who are planning to appear next year can download the model answers of UPSC Mains question papers of GS I, II, III, and IV from the following links. These answers will help you identify the structure and important points that could be included in the answers.

GS Paper 1:

Question 1: Explain the role of Geographical Factors towards the development of Ancient India .
Question 2: What was the difference between Mahatma Gandhi and Rabindranath Tagore in their approach towards education and nationalism?
Question 3: Bring about the Socio-Economic Effects of the Introduction of Railways in Different Countries of the World.
Question 4: Discuss the Consequences of Climate Change on the Food Security in Tropical Countries.
Question 5: Why is the world today confronted with a crisis of availability of and access to freshwater resources?
Question 6: How are the fjords formed? Why do they constitute some of the most picturesque areas of the world?
Question 8: Do you think marriage as a sacrament is losing its value in modern India?
Question 9: Explain why suicide among young women is increasing in Indian society.

GS Paper 2:

Question 1: "Constitutionally guaranteed judicial independence is a prerequisite of democracy”. Comment.
Question 2: Who are entitled to receive free legal aid? Assess the role of the National Legal Services Authority (NALSA) in rendering free legal aid in India.
Question 3: “The states in India seem reluctant to empower urban local bodies both functionally as well as financially.” Comment.
Question 4: Compare and Contrast the British and Indian approaches to Parliamentary Sovereignty.
Question 5: Discuss the role of Presiding Officers of state legislatures in maintaining order and impartiality in conducting legislative work and in facilitating best democratic practices.

GS Paper 3:

Question 1: Faster economic growth requires increased share of the manufacturing sector in GDP, particularly of MSMEs. Comment on the present policies of the Government in this regard.
Question 2: What is the status of digitalization in the Indian economy? Examine the problems faced in this regard and suggest improvements.
Question 3: How does e-Technology help farmers in production and marketing of agricultural produce? Explain it.
Question 4: State the objectives and measures of land reforms in India. Discuss how land ceiling policy on landholding can be considered as an effective reform under economic criteria.
Question 5: Introduce the concept of Artificial Intelligence (AI). How does AI help clinical diagnosis? Do you perceive any threat to privacy of the individual in the use of AI in the healthcare?
Question 6: Discuss several ways in which microorganisms can help in meeting the current fuel shortage.

GS Paper 4:

Differentiate ‘moral intuition’ from ‘moral reasoning with suitable examples.
What were the major teachings of Guru Nanak? Explain their relevance in the contemporary world.
Explain the term social capital. How does it enhance good governance?

UPSC Mains Essay Paper 2023

The UPSC Mains Essay paper 2023 consists of two sections, Section A and Section B. Each section has four essay topics. Aspirants must choose one topic from each section for a total of two essays. Each essay must be between 1,000 and 1,200 words long and is worth 125 marks. The Essay paper is not just for qualifying purposes but also counts towards the final merit ranking. Candidates are expected to stay on topic, organise their thoughts logically, and write concisely.

The UPSC Mains Essay Paper 2023 can be downloaded here.

UPSC CSE Mains 2023 Essay Question Paper PDF

UPSC Mains Question Paper 2023 Language Papers

The UPSC Mains exam has nine papers, of which Paper A is the mandatory Indian Language Paper. Candidates must select an Indian language from a list given by the UPSC in the official notification.

Paper B is the required English Language Paper. It is a qualifying paper, meaning that candidates must score at least 25% marks in order to be considered for the final merit list.

The UPSC Mains question papers for Indian language and English language can be downloaded from the following links:

Paper A: Indian Language Mains Question Paper 2023 (Hindi)
Paper B: English Language Question Paper 2023

UPSC Mains Optional Question Papers

The UPSC Mains Exam has a list of 48 optional subjects from which aspirants must choose one. Each optional subject is divided into two papers, each of which carries 250 marks. The choice of an optional subject is an important factor in determining the candidate's rank in the final merit list, so it should be made carefully. The UPSC Mains 2023 question paper of optional subjects can be downloaded from the following links:

Pattern of UPSC Mains 2023 Paper

To know about the exam pattern and the release dates of UPSC Mains 2023 question papers, refer to the following table:

Is UPSC Mains Question Paper 2023 released?

The UPSC Mains Question Paper 2023 has not been released on the Official UPSC Website yet. However, you can download the Mains Question Paper 2023 from our given page after the paper has been successfully concluded on the given day.

How many papers are there in UPSC Mains?

There are a total of 9 papers for UPSC Mains 2023. Each paper is descriptive in nature.

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UPSC Essay Paper 2023, Download PDF

Upsc mains 2023 essay question paper: the union public service commission (upsc) mains exam started today, september 15, 2023, at 24 centres across the country. check and download the mains essay question paper pdf from this article..

UPSC Essay Paper 2023

Download upsc ias essay question paper 2023 pdf, topics asked in the ias mains essay paper .

The UPSC IAS Essay question consists of two sections where questions from 4 topics were asked in each section. Candidates need to write an essay of 1000-1200 words on 1 topic of their choice from the section

Thinking is like a game, it does not begin unless there is an opposite team
Visionary decision-making at the intersection of intuition and logic
Not all who wander are lost
Inspiration for creativity springs from the effort to look for the magical in the mundane
Girls are weighed down by restrictions, boys with demands - two equally harmful disciplines
Mathematics is the music of reason
A society that has more justice is a society that needs less charity
Education is what remains after one has forgotten what one has learned in school

UPSC IAS Mains Exam Dates

For more details click here

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Essay Question Paper: UPSC Civil Services Main Exam (Written) 2023

Home » Essay Question Paper: UPSC Civil Services Main Exam (Written) 2023

September 15, 2023

Write two essays, choosing one topic from each of the following Sections A and B, in about 1000-1200 words each:

1: Thinking is like a game, it does not begin unless there is an opposite team. Click Here for Answer

2: Visionary decision-making happens at the intersection of intuition and logic.

3: Not all who wander are lost.

4: Inspiration for creativity springs from the effort to look for the magical in the mundane.

5: Girls are weighed down by restrictions, boys with demands- two equally harmful disciplines.

6: Mathematics is the music of reasons. Click Here For Answer

7: A society that has more justice is a society that needs less charity.

8: Education is what remains after one has forgotten what one has learned in school.

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Essay Question Paper – UPSC Mains 2023

The first paper of UPSC Mains 2023, that is the Essay paper, was conducted today. Following are the takeaways from it:

This year also we see the dominance of Philosophical essays. Each and every topic can be said to be a Quote. However, one thing which makes this essay paper easier than the one last year is the fact that these quotations are from different and common subjects or issues. The topics which they cater to are common to any serious UPSC Aspirant .

These topics include:

Social Issues

Generally speaking, Section A can be said to be tougher than section B. However, it’s a comparative paper, so for any serious UPSC Aspirant, the difficulty level should not make that much of a difference.

The most important thing every aspirant should take away from this is, they should practice as many essays as possible in the test series which are out of their comfort area. This practice shall help a lot in tackling any and every kind of essay topic in UPSC Mains.

The UPSC Mains 2023, a highly anticipated and rigorous examination, marks a pivotal moment for aspiring civil servants in India. This prestigious examination, conducted by the Union Public Service Commission (UPSC) , is the second stage of the Civil Services Examination and serves as a crucial stepping stone for candidates who aim to join the Indian Administrative Service (IAS) , Indian Police Service (IPS) , or other elite civil services. The UPSC Mains 2023 will test candidates on a wide range of subjects, including essay writing, general studies, and optional subjects chosen by the candidates. Let’s check out more information on the UPSC Pathshala website.

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UPSC Mains Question Paper and Answer Solution 2023 with Analysis, Download PDF

Candidate preparing for UPSC and interested aspirants can download UPSC Mains question paper 2023 for all 9 sections which is going to be held from September 15, 2023 to 24th September.

Table of Contents

UPSC Mains Question Paper 2023

UPSC Mains Question Paper 2023 has been released after the exam. Candidates can download the Question Paper PDF with the Answers for the Essay Paper, Paper-II General Studies-I, Paper-III General Studies-II, Paper-IV General Studies-III, Paper-V General Studies-IV, Paper-A Indian Language, Paper-B English, Paper-VI Optional Subject-Paper-1 and Paper-VII Optional Subject-Paper-2.

UPSC Mains Exams Started on September 15, 2023 (Friday) with an Essay Paper and it will end with Paper-VII Optional Subject-Paper-2 on 24th September, 2023 (Sunday). The UPSC Mains Question Paper is a comprehensive examination that tests candidates’ knowledge, understanding, and analytical skills across a wide range of subjects. The paper is divided into nine different papers, each of which covers a different subject area.

Paper 1: Essay
Paper 2: General Studies I
Paper 3: General Studies II
Paper 4: General Studies III
Paper 5: General Studies IV
Paper 6: Optional Subject I
Paper 7: Optional Subject II
Paper 8: Language I (English)
Paper 9: Language II (Indian Language)

If you are preparing for the UPSC IAS Exam and are interested in UPSC Mains Question Paper 2023 and Looking for a UPSC Mains 2023 Question Paper, then this will be the right place to get all the information in one click.

Download UPSC Mains 2023 Essay Paper with Analysis
Download UPSC Mains 2023 GS Paper I with Analysis
Download UPSC Mains 2023 GS Paper II with Analysis
Download UPSC Mains 2023 GS Paper III with Analysis
Download UPSC Mains 2023 GS Paper IV with Analysis

UPSC Mains Exam 2023 Time Table

The English language paper, one paper in the Indian language, two optional papers, the essay paper, and four general studies papers (GS-1, 2, 3, and 4) make up the nine papers that make up the UPSC mains exam. The schedule for the UPSC Mains 2023 exam is provided in the table below.

UPSC Mains Questions Paper 2023 PDF

Candidates who are preparing for UPSC already know that UPSC Mains consists of Nine Papers: Essay Paper, GS Paper 1, GS Paper 2, GS Paper 3 , GS Paper 4, Optional Subject-Paper-1, Optional Subject-Paper-2, Paper-B English, and Paper-A Indian Language. You can download the PDFs for each exam from the below table.

While the remaining exams of the UPSC Mains Exam are counted for merit ranking and will determine your result, the English and other language papers are of a qualifying character.

All candidates must take an exam in the Indian language, with the exception of those from Arunachal Pradesh, Nagaland, Sikkim, Manipur, Mizoram, and Meghalaya. Assamese, Bengali, Gujarati, Hindi, Kannada, Kashmiri, Konkani, Malayalam, Manipuri, Marathi, Nepali, Punjabi, Sanskrit, Sindhi, Tamil, Telugu, Urdu, Bodo, Dogri, Maithili, and Santhali are among the languages that can be used to write the UPSC Mains Language Paper.

Download UPSC Mains 2023 GS Question and Answer Paper PDFs

Candidates can access the UPSC Mains Exam 2023 general studies exam papers in this part of the website by selecting them from the table below. (Links will be provided once the papers are out).

Check Out :- UPSC Mains Question Paper 2023

UPSC Mains Language Question and Answer Papers 2023

Even though the language exams are for qualification purposes, they are significant because the candidate must pass them with the required minimum score in order to advance to the IAS mains exam. There is a list of languages from which applicants can select for the required Indian language exam.

The English language paper is referred to as Paper B, while the Indian language paper is referred to as Paper A. From the table below, candidates can download the language test questions. Upon release of the papers, links will be provided.

UPSC Mains 2023 Language Question and Answer Papers PDF

From this section, candidates can download Indian Language Question Papers and English Language Question Papers in PDF format.

Check Out :- UPSC Mains Optional Question Paper 2023

UPSC Mains Optional Paper 2023

UPSC Mains optional paper for 2023, candidates were presented with a diverse range of subjects to choose from, including but not limited to subjects like History, Geography, Sociology, Political Science, and Economics, among others.

This year’s optional paper aimed to test candidates’ in-depth knowledge and expertise in their chosen subjects, providing them with an opportunity to showcase their specialization and understanding in their respective fields.

Candidates can check out the UPSC Mains Optional Paper 2023 with the detail explanations with pdf

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UPSC Mains Question Papers 2023 FAQs

What are the 9 papers in upsc mains.

The UPSC Mains round, which is the second stage of the exam has nine papers. These nine papers are Compulsory Indian Language, English, Essay, General Studies-1, General Studies-2, General Studies-3, General Studies-4, Optional Paper-1, and Optional Paper-2.

What is paper 1 and paper 2 in UPSC mains?

Optional paper 1 and 2 in the UPSC Mains examination are two papers of a single optional subject like geography paper 1 and Paper 2, mechanical engineering paper 1 and Paper 2.

How much marks required for IAS 2023?

UPSC Prelims 2023 took place on May 28, 2023. The expected UPSC Cut Off 2023 For Prelims this year is 82-85 marks. The UPSC Prelims 2023 cut off will be out for all candidates once the exam results are published.

Will the questions be repeated in the UPSC examination?

The answer is Yes. Any times questions have been repeated in UPSC CSE. That is why it is recommended to go theough all the previous years (at least past 10 years).

Was UPSC Prelims 2023 tough?

The General Studies Paper of the UPSC Prelims 2023 exam was difficult in nature compared to the previous year. Candidates can expect the cut-off to go down to 82 to 85, as compared to 88 in the UPSC 2022 Prelims cut-off.

Is UPSC 2023 paper hard or easy?

The UPSC Prelims Paper 1 has been conducted by the Union Public Service Commission at various centers across the country. As per the student's feedback and our subject matter experts, the exam was of a moderate level of difficulty.

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ForumIAS Answer Writing Focus Group (AWFG) for Mains 2024 commencing from 24th June 2024. The Entrance Test for the program will be held on 28th April 2024 at 9 AM. To know more about the program visit: https://forumias.com/blog/awfg2024

UPSC Mains 2023 Essay Paper has been conducted on the first day of the Civil Services mains Examination. The question paper of the same is out. You can download the question paper from the link given below:

Download UPSC Mains Essay Paper 2023

UPSC Mains 2023 Essay Paper

Write two essays, choosing one topic from each of the following Sections A and B, in about 1000-1200 words each:

1. Thinking is like a game, it does not begin unless there is an opposite team. चिंतन एक तरह का खेल है, यह तब तक प्रारम्भ नहीं होता, जब तक एक विरोधी पक्ष न हो ।

2. Visionary decision-making happens at the intersection of intuition and logic. दूरदर्शी निर्णय तभी लिए जाते हैं जब अंतर्ज्ञान और तर्क का परस्पर मेल होता है।

3. Not all who wander are lost. सभी भटकने वाले गुम नहीं होते हैं ।

4. Inspiration for creativity springs from the effort to look for the magical in the mundane. रचनात्मकता की प्रेरणा लौकिकता में चमत्कार ढूँढने के प्रयास से उपजती हैं।

Section – B

5. Girls are weighed down by restrictions, boys with demands two equally harmful disciplines. लड़कियाँ बंदिशों के तथा लड़के अपेक्षा के बोझ तले दबे हुए होते हैं दोनों ही समान रूप से हानिकारक व्यवस्थाएँ हैं।

6. Mathematics is the music of reason. गणित ज्ञान का संगीत है ।

7. A society that has more justice is a society that needs less charity. जिस समाज में अधिक न्याय होता है, उस समाज को दान की कम आवश्यकता होती है।

8. Education is what remains after one has forgotten what one has learned in school. शिक्षा वह है जो विद्यालय में सीखी गई बातों को भूल जाने के बाद भी शेष रह जाती है।

The Essay Paper is a crucial part of the UPSC Mains Examination. It carries 250 marks and is divided into two sections: Section A and Section B. Each section has four essay topics, and you must pick one topic from each section to write on. The time allotted is 3 hours.

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Prelims 2024 Current Affairs

Art and Culture
Indian Economy
Science and Technology
Environment & Ecology
International Relations
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Important Bills and Acts
International Organizations
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UPSC Civil Services IAS Exam MAINS 2023 Best Sociology Optional Coaching, Sociology Optional Syllabus.

Table of Contents

UPSC Civil Services IAS Exam MAINS 2023 “Essay Paper 2023”

Marks : 250 (125×2)

Duration: 3 hours

Exam Date: 15-09-2023

Subject: Essay Paper 2023

SECTION – A

Thinking is like a game, it does not begin unless there is an opposite team.

2. Visionary decision-making happens at the intersection of intuition and logic.

3. Not all who wander are lost.

4. Inspiration for creativity springs from the effort to look for the magical in the mundane.

SECTION – B

5. Girls are weighed down by restrictions, boys with demands two equally harmful disciplines.

6. Mathematics is the music of reason.

7. A society that has more justice is a society that needs less charity.

8. Education is what remains after one has forgotten what one has learned in school.

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UPSC IAS MAINS 2023: ESSAY PAPER

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Thinking is like a game, it does not begin unless there is an opposite team.
Visionary decision-making happens at the intersection of intuition and logic.
Not all who wander are lost.
Inspiration for creativity springs from the effort to look for the magical in the mundane.
Girls are weighed down by restrictions, boys with demands – two equally harmful disciplines.
Mathematics is the music of reason.
A society that has more justice is a society that needs less charity.
Education is what remains after one has forgotten what one has learned in school.

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UPSC CSE 2023 Mains Essay Paper Model Answers

The UPSC Civil Services Main Examination 2023 began with an Essay paper. There were eight essay topics separated into two groups, and aspirants were supposed to write on two of them in three hours, one from each. Candidates were asked to write 1000-1200 words for each essay.

Initial Thoughts

This year's essay paper followed the predicted pattern, with five of the eight themes being philosophical in nature. Furthermore, the general tone of the paper was thoughtful and philosophical.
Although the topics were simple to understand, it was challenging to select the right topic and then come up with enough content to complete 1000–1200 words.
The paper was manageable for aspirants who adhered to the fundamentals of UPSC preparation, such as having a firm understanding of the static syllabus, broad knowledge of current events, and adequate writing practice.

Now, let us discuss each topic separately.

Thinking is like a game, it does not begin unless there is an opposite team

This topic appears to be centered on the notion that critical thinking frequently occurs in the interaction to competing ideas or challenges.
Candidates may have been asked to investigate how clashes of ideas result in innovation and advancement.

Visionary decision-making happens at the intersection of intuition and logic

Paul O'Brien is the author of this well-known proverb.
This comment most likely encouraged candidates to explore the importance of balancing intuition and logic when making crucial decisions.
It promotes thinking on the roles of both aspects in good leadership and problem-solving.

Not all who wander are lost

This saying belongs to J.R.R. Tolkien, The Fellowship of the Ring.
The topic expected from candidates to think about how exploring and being spontaneous in life’s journey can be excellent. It’s a deep topic that can be understood in many different ways.

Inspiration for creativity springs from the effort to look for the magical in the mundane

This essay topic appears to promote the notion that creativity is not restricted to rare moments of inspiration, but can also be found in ordinary events. It most likely prompted individuals to consider where creativity comes from and how we may exhibit it in our daily lives.

Girls are weighed down by restrictions, boys with demands- two equally harmful disciplines

This is the saying of Simone de Beauvoir. Simone de Beauvoir was a prominent French existentialist philosopher and feminist thinker. She made significant contributions to feminist philosophy through her work, including “The Second Sex,” where she discussed the concept of “The Other” and examined the role of societal expectations in shaping women’s lives.
The quote by Simone de Beauvoir presented the idea that both girls and boys or individuals of different genders, often face distinct but equally harmful forms of societal pressures and constraints.

Mathematics is the music of reasons

Mathematics is the music of reason, according to James Joseph Sylvester. Isn't music the mathematics of the senses, and mathematics the music of the reason? The musician feels mathematics, while the mathematician thinks music: music is a dream, and mathematics is a job.”
This remark implies a poetic link between mathematics and music. Candidates would almost certainly be required to address the beauty and rationality inherent in mathematics, as well as its role in molding our understanding of the world.

A society that has more justice is a society that needs less charity

This topic appears to touch on the concepts of social justice and charity, which have been studied by philosophers such as John Rawls, as well as the “veil of ignorance.”
Candidates may have been asked to investigate the relationship in society amongst justice, equality, and generosity.

Education is what remains after one has forgotten what one has learned in school

Albert Einstein once said, “Education is what remains after one has forgotten what one has learned in school.”
This essay topic will most likely require candidates to consider the value of education beyond rote memorization. It could have been expected to have a discussion about the practical application of knowledge and lifelong learning.

Conclusion:

It makes no difference whether aspirants know where the quotes came from. The only thing that matters is how the given quote is elaborated and supplemented by examples and case studies. All of this is dependent on the critical topic selection. All of this depends on the proper selection of the topic.

Takeaways for 2024

As previously stated, the paper was manageable for those who strictly followed the fundamentals of UPSC preparation.
The main takeaway from this year's paper is that sufficient writing practise is necessary now.

More about the Art of Essay Writing can be found in Samajho's Corner:

Samajho UPSC Essay Series | Part 1 | How to Write an Effective Essay?
Samajho UPSC Essay Series | Part 2 | Quotes For Writing an Effective Essay
Samajho UPSC Essay Series | Part 3 | Anecdotes For Writing an Effective Essay
Samajho UPSC Essay Series | Part 4 | Theme-wise Previous Years Essay Papers
Samajho UPSC Essay Series | Part 5 | How to Tackle Philosophical Essays?

Essay Question Paper (Analysis & Solutions) – UPSC Civil Services Mains 2023

This topic of “Essay Question Paper (Analysis & Solutions) – UPSC Civil Services Mains 2023” is important from the perspective of the UPSC IAS Examination , which falls under General Studies Portion.

Write two essays, choosing one topic from each of the following Sections A and B, in about 1000 – 1200 words each: (125×2=250 marks)

(Click the links to read the solutions)

Thinking is like a game, it does not begin unless there is an opposite team.
Visionary deci sion-making happens at the intersection of intuition and logic.
Not all who wander are lost.
Inspiration for creativity springs from the effort to look for the magical in the mundane .
Girls are weighed down by restrictions, boys with demands – two equally harmful disciplines.
Mathematics is the music of reason.
A society that has more justice is a society that needs less charity.
Education is what remains after one has forgotten what one has learned in school.

Express Learning Programme (ELP)

Optional Notes
Study Hacks
Prelims Sureshots (Repeated Topic Compilations)
Current Affairs (Newsbits, Editorials & In-depths)
Ancient Indian History
Medieval Indian History
Modern Indian History
Post-Independence Indian History
World History
Art & Culture
Geography (World & Indian)
Indian Society & Social Justice
Indian Polity
International Relations
Indian Economy
Environment
Agriculture
Internal Security
Disasters & its Management
General Science – Biology
General Studies (GS) 4 – Ethics
Syllabus-wise learning
Political Science
Anthropology
Public Administration

Analysis & Approach

Each question in the essay paper reflects a different dimension of thinking, and the aspirant is expected to demonstrate their analytical skills, coherence in arguments, and proficiency in language while addressing these questions.

Analysis: This topic seems to delve into the dialectical nature of thought. It could be interpreted that for any idea or thought to be truly explored or expanded upon, there must be an opposing or challenging force. This could relate to the Hegelian dialectic (thesis-antithesis-synthesis) or even the fundamental nature of debates.
Approach: A candidate can start by illustrating the importance of opposition in any form of critical thinking or decision-making. Real-world examples like scientific debates, democratic procedures, and the role of a loyal opposition in a parliament can be cited.
Analysis: Visionary decisions are those that shape the future, and they strike a balance between intuition (which is often based on subconscious processing) and logic (structured reasoning).
Approach: Candidates can discuss examples of visionary leaders and their decisions. For instance, Steve Jobs’ intuition in product design combined with logical market analysis, or Mahatma Gandhi ’s intuition about non-violence and its logical implications in the Indian freedom struggle.
Analysis: This statement, borrowed from J.R.R. Tolkien’s work, implies that not all who seem directionless are without purpose; sometimes, wandering can be a form of discovery.
Approach: This can be addressed by discussing the importance of exploration, serendipity in scientific discoveries, or even the self-exploratory journey that many individuals undertake in life.
Analysis: This implies that true creativity often arises from observing and interpreting everyday life in unique ways.
Approach: Real-life examples of artists, writers, and scientists who drew inspiration from everyday occurrences can be highlighted. Picasso’s simplistic drawings or Archimedes’ Eureka moment in his bathtub, for instance.
Analysis: This topic brings out the gender disparities and societal norms and expectations imposed upon individuals based on their gender.
Approach: It’s crucial to address both sides of the coin, discussing how gender norms restrict the potential and well-being of both girls and boys. Comparisons of societal expectations, real-life anecdotes, and data-driven evidence on gender disparities can be effective.
Analysis: The quote explores the harmony, structure, and beauty in mathematics similar to the rhythm and patterns in music.
Approach: Discussing the inherent order and logic in mathematics, and drawing parallels with musical structures can be a starting point. Mentioning mathematicians who were also musicians or vice versa might add value.
Analysis: This touches upon the idea that if a society is just, equitable, and provides opportunities for all, then the need for charity diminishes as fewer people would be in a position of deprivation.
Approach: Highlighting the correlation between justice and social welfare, discussing models of developed nations, and contrasting them with societies where charity becomes a band-aid solution for deeper systemic issues can be effective.
Analysis: This topic delves into the difference between rote learning and true education – the values, critical thinking skills, and character that endure beyond mere facts.
Approach: Drawing a distinction between learning for exams and learning for life, discussing the role of education in character building, and bringing in philosophical views on education would be insightful.

For all the essays, it’s essential to remember to structure the arguments coherently, provide relevant examples, and ensure a holistic view is presented. Best of luck to all the aspirants!

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UPSC Mains 2023 Essay Question Paper - Download PDF

The UPSC Mains exam commenced on 15 September 2023. It started with the UPSC Essay paper. It is an important paper and counts for 250 marks in total in the UPSC Mains exam. In this article, you can download the UPSC Mains essay paper PDF. There are a total of nine papers in the IAS mains exam. On the first day, i.e., 15 September, only one paper, the UPSC Mains essay paper was conducted. Candidates can go through the UPSC calendar for a detailed schedule of the UPSC mains 2023 exam.

UPSC Mains Essay Paper 2023

The UPSC essay paper was held at 9 AM on 15 September. You can download the UPSC essay paper 2023 from the link below.

UPSC Mains Essay Paper 2023 – Question Paper Download Download PDF Here

UPSC Mains 2023 Essay Paper Topics

Thinking is like a game, it does not begin unless there is an opposite team.
Visionary decision-making happens at the intersection of intuition and logic.
Not all who wander are lost.
Inspiration for creativity springs from the effort to look for the magical in the mundane.
Girls are weighed down by restrictions, boys with demands – two equally harmful disciplines.
Mathematics is the music of reason.
A society that has more justice is a society that needs less charity.
Education is what remains after one has forgotten what one has learned in school

Download the other UPSC 2023 Mains question papers in the link.

UPSC Essay Paper Pattern

The UPSC Essay paper segment consists of two sections A and B.
Both sections have about four questions each.
The candidates have to choose one topic from each section, thus having to answer 2 essay questions in total.
The word limit for each question is to be within the range of 1000-1200 words.
The marks for each question is 125, thus the total allotted marks are 250.
The paper will be included for merit ranking and is not just for qualifying purposes.
The candidates are expected to keep close to the subject of the essay to arrange their ideas in an orderly fashion and to write concisely. To understand how to approach the essay paper and the topics to be focused on during preparation, check the link here .

Candidates can download the UPSC Mains Essay Paper 2022 in the linked article.

For more information about the UPSC essay paper and preparation strategy, check the links below.

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UPSC Mains Paper 2023, Download UPSC Essay Paper 2023 PDF

Download UPSC Mains Question Paper 2023 Subject-wise Question paper for the Practice as per the UPSC Syllabus. We have provide the PDF link for the Download Check this out

Table of Contents

UPSC Mains Question Papers 2023

Union Public Service Commission is set to conduct the UPSC Mains Exam 2023, as it is scheduled to start on 15th September 2023 with the Essay Writing Paper conducted between 9:00 AM to 12:00 PM. General Studies paper will be conduct between 16th September to 17th September, where as Language paper will conduct on 23rd September and The optional papers will conclude IAS Mains 2023 on September 24th, 2023. The schedule of the UPSC Mains Exam 2023 have been provided below along with the UPSC Mains Question Papers 2023 PDF.

UPSC Mains Papers 2023 Schedule

The UPSC Mains Examination is conducted in nine papers which are, the Essay Writing Paper, four General Studies papers (GS-1, 2, 3 & 4), two papers of optional, one Indian language paper and one English language paper. UPSC Mains 2023 Question Paper will be released here after the exam. The UPSC Mains Papers 2023 Schedule has been mentioned in the table below:

UPSC Essay Paper 2023 PDF Download Link

The Essay Paper of UPSC Mains 2023 is available in PDF format. The exam was successfully administered by UPSC at Forenoon on September 15, 2023. 9:00 AM – 12:00 PM, session. The UPSC Essay Paper is 250 Marks. Candidates can check the UPSC Essay Paper 2023 PDF Link below

UPSC Mains Exam 2023 GS Paper PDF

Candidates from the table provided below can download the UPSC Mains Exam 2023 GS Paper PDF for GS Paper I, GS Paper II, GS Paper III , and GS Paper IV.

UPSC IAS Mains 2023 Language Paper A

There are two language papers in the UPSC Mains Exam, one in English Language paper and the other is an Indian Language Paper (which can be one of the languages as mentioned in Schedule 8 of our constitution)

UPSC IAS Mains 2023 Language Paper B

Upsc prelims 2023 question paper.

UPSC Prelims 2023 Question Paper: On May 28th, 2023, the Union Public Service Commission conducted the UPSC Prelims Exam 2023 for a total of 1105 vacancies. The UPCS Prelims consist of two papers, General Studies Paper 1 and General Studies Paper 2 ( CSAT ), both of which were held on the same day. UPSC Prelims GS Paper I has been completed and the link is provided below. Candidates can download UPSC Prelims 2023 Question Paper PDFs from the link below.

UPSC Prelims Answer Key 2023

UPSC Prelims Question Paper 2023 PDF

UPSC Prelims Exam is essential to be selected for the Mains Exam. The UPSC Prelims Paper 2023 is a qualifying test, and the candidate’s scores will not be included in the final merit list. In General Studies Paper-1 there are 100 MCQs, while in General Studies Paper-2 (CSAT) there are 80 MCQs. Download UPSC Prelims 2023 Question Paper PDF, as provided in the article below.

UPSC Result 2023

UPSC Prelims Exam Analysis 2023

UPSC Prelims Expected Cut Off 2023

UPSC Prelims Question Paper 2022

The UPSC Prelims Paper is a qualifying test, and the candidates’ marks will not be counted in the final merit list; however, good marks in the UPSC Prelims Exam are required to be shortlisted for the Mains Exam. The UPSC Question Paper for prelims consists of two sections: General Studies-1 and General Studies-2 (CSAT). There are 100 MCQs in Paper-1 and 80 MCQs in Paper-2. The questions asked in UPSC 2022 can be found in the UPSC Question Paper of Prelims, which is linked in the article.

UPSC Question Paper 2023

UPSC Question Papers 2014 to 2021

Candidates who are preparing for the upcoming UPSC Exam can download the UPSC Previous Year Question Papers from 2014 to 2021 for understanding the pattern of the UPSC exam as well as to learn about the level of the UPSC Prelims Exam 2023 and get a head start on their preparation.

UPSC Previous Year Question Papers

Benefits of Solving UPSC Prelims Question Papers

There are multiple benefits of solving the UPSC Prelims Question Papers as these papers are directly prepared by the commission itself. Some of the benefits are mentioned below:

To understand the demand of the UPSC.
It helps us in understanding the exam pattern of UPSC.
Practising Previous Year’s Questions helps to understand UPSC’s pattern of asking questions.
It also helps us in time management while solving questions.
To effectively cover the UPSC Syllabus.
To gauge the depth of understanding needed in each topic.
To predict probable areas from which questions can be asked.
Practice with good-quality questions, that check your conceptual clarity.

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UPSC Mains Question Paper 2023 FAQs

How to crack mains 2023.

Five tips to successfully crack the exam in one attempt - 1. Understanding of syllabus and exam pattern 2. Stay updated with Current affairs. 3. Attempt mock tests 4. Practice PYQs 5. Revision multiple times

Can I clear prelims in 1 month?

To tell you the truth, passing the UPSC prelims exam in a month is incredibly hard.

How many hours study for UPSC?

It depends on the candidates, on an average 6 to 9 hours of consistent study is sufficient.

Is clearing prelims easy?

The 'Prelims Hurdle' is more difficult to cross than Mains.

What is the minimum marks for prelims?

The expected UPSC Prelims Cut Off is 95-105 marks for the general category.

Where can it find UPSC Prelims 2023 Question Paper PDF?

The download link for UPSC Prelims 2023 Question Paper has been provided above in this article.

Was UPSC Prelims 2023 Question Paper tough?

One can not say that the UPSC Prelims 2023 Question Paper was tough entirely it had both easy, moderate and difficult questions.

When will the UPSC GS Paper 1 exam 2023 will be conducted?

UPSC GS Paper 1 exam 2023 will be conducted on 16th September 2023

How many questions are asked in UPSC GS Paper 1 exam 2023?

There was 20 questions in the UPSC GS Paper 1 exam 2023.

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Announcing the NeurIPS 2023 Paper Awards

Communications Chairs 2023 2023 Conference awards , neurips2023

By Amir Globerson, Kate Saenko, Moritz Hardt, Sergey Levine and Comms Chair, Sahra Ghalebikesabi

We are honored to announce the award-winning papers for NeurIPS 2023! This year’s prestigious awards consist of the Test of Time Award plus two Outstanding Paper Awards in each of these three categories:

Two Outstanding Main Track Papers
Two Outstanding Main Track Runner-Ups
Two Outstanding Datasets and Benchmark Track Papers

This year’s organizers received a record number of paper submissions. Of the 13,300 submitted papers that were reviewed by 968 Area Chairs, 98 senior area chairs, and 396 Ethics reviewers 3,540 were accepted after 502 papers were flagged for ethics reviews .

We thank the awards committee for the main track: Yoav Artzi, Chelsea Finn, Ludwig Schmidt, Ricardo Silva, Isabel Valera, and Mengdi Wang. For the Datasets and Benchmarks track, we thank Sergio Escalera, Isabelle Guyon, Neil Lawrence, Dina Machuve, Olga Russakovsky, Hugo Jair Escalante, Deepti Ghadiyaram, and Serena Yeung. Conflicts of interest were taken into account in the decision process.

Congratulations to all the authors! See Posters Sessions Tue-Thur in Great Hall & B1-B2 (level 1).

Outstanding Main Track Papers

Privacy Auditing with One (1) Training Run Authors: Thomas Steinke · Milad Nasr · Matthew Jagielski

Poster session 2: Tue 12 Dec 5:15 p.m. — 7:15 p.m. CST, #1523

Oral: Tue 12 Dec 3:40 p.m. — 4:40 p.m. CST, Room R06-R09 (level 2)

Abstract: We propose a scheme for auditing differentially private machine learning systems with a single training run. This exploits the parallelism of being able to add or remove multiple training examples independently. We analyze this using the connection between differential privacy and statistical generalization, which avoids the cost of group privacy. Our auditing scheme requires minimal assumptions about the algorithm and can be applied in the black-box or white-box setting. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our framework by applying it to DP-SGD, where we can achieve meaningful empirical privacy lower bounds by training only one model. In contrast, standard methods would require training hundreds of models.

Are Emergent Abilities of Large Language Models a Mirage? Authors: Rylan Schaeffer · Brando Miranda · Sanmi Koyejo

Poster session 6: Thu 14 Dec 5:00 p.m. — 7:00 p.m. CST, #1108

Oral: Thu 14 Dec 3:20 p.m. — 3:35 p.m. CST, Hall C2 (level 1)

Abstract: Recent work claims that large language models display emergent abilities, abilities not present in smaller-scale models that are present in larger-scale models. What makes emergent abilities intriguing is two-fold: their sharpness, transitioning seemingly instantaneously from not present to present, and their unpredictability , appearing at seemingly unforeseeable model scales. Here, we present an alternative explanation for emergent abilities: that for a particular task and model family, when analyzing fixed model outputs, emergent abilities appear due to the researcher’s choice of metric rather than due to fundamental changes in model behavior with scale. Specifically, nonlinear or discontinuous metrics produce apparent emergent abilities, whereas linear or continuous metrics produce smooth, continuous, predictable changes in model performance. We present our alternative explanation in a simple mathematical model, then test it in three complementary ways: we (1) make, test and confirm three predictions on the effect of metric choice using the InstructGPT/GPT-3 family on tasks with claimed emergent abilities, (2) make, test and confirm two predictions about metric choices in a meta-analysis of emergent abilities on BIG-Bench; and (3) show how to choose metrics to produce never-before-seen seemingly emergent abilities in multiple vision tasks across diverse deep networks. Via all three analyses, we provide evidence that alleged emergent abilities evaporate with different metrics or with better statistics, and may not be a fundamental property of scaling AI models.

Outstanding Main Track Runner-Ups

Scaling Data-Constrained Language Models Authors : Niklas Muennighoff · Alexander Rush · Boaz Barak · Teven Le Scao · Nouamane Tazi · Aleksandra Piktus · Sampo Pyysalo · Thomas Wolf · Colin Raffel

Poster session 2: Tue 12 Dec 5:15 p.m. — 7:15 p.m. CST, #813

Oral: Tue 12 Dec 3:40 p.m. — 4:40 p.m. CST, Hall C2 (level 1)

Abstract : The current trend of scaling language models involves increasing both parameter count and training dataset size. Extrapolating this trend suggests that training dataset size may soon be limited by the amount of text data available on the internet. Motivated by this limit, we investigate scaling language models in data-constrained regimes. Specifically, we run a large set of experiments varying the extent of data repetition and compute budget, ranging up to 900 billion training tokens and 9 billion parameter models. We find that with constrained data for a fixed compute budget, training with up to 4 epochs of repeated data yields negligible changes to loss compared to having unique data. However, with more repetition, the value of adding compute eventually decays to zero. We propose and empirically validate a scaling law for compute optimality that accounts for the decreasing value of repeated tokens and excess parameters. Finally, we experiment with approaches mitigating data scarcity, including augmenting the training dataset with code data or removing commonly used filters. Models and datasets from our 400 training runs are freely available at https://github.com/huggingface/datablations .

Direct Preference Optimization: Your Language Model is Secretly a Reward Model Authors: Rafael Rafailov · Archit Sharma · Eric Mitchell · Christopher D Manning · Stefano Ermon · Chelsea Finn

Poster session 6: Thu 14 Dec 5:00 p.m. — 7:00 p.m. CST, #625

Oral: Thu 14 Dec 3:50 p.m. — 4:05 p.m. CST, Ballroom A-C (level 2)

Abstract: While large-scale unsupervised language models (LMs) learn broad world knowledge and some reasoning skills, achieving precise control of their behavior is difficult due to the completely unsupervised nature of their training. Existing methods for gaining such steerability collect human labels of the relative quality of model generations and fine-tune the unsupervised LM to align with these preferences, often with reinforcement learning from human feedback (RLHF). However, RLHF is a complex and often unstable procedure, first fitting a reward model that reflects the human preferences, and then fine-tuning the large unsupervised LM using reinforcement learning to maximize this estimated reward without drifting too far from the original model. In this paper, we leverage a mapping between reward functions and optimal policies to show that this constrained reward maximization problem can be optimized exactly with a single stage of policy training, essentially solving a classification problem on the human preference data. The resulting algorithm, which we call Direct Preference Optimization (DPO), is stable, performant, and computationally lightweight, eliminating the need for fitting a reward model, sampling from the LM during fine-tuning, or performing significant hyperparameter tuning. Our experiments show that DPO can fine-tune LMs to align with human preferences as well as or better than existing methods. Notably, fine-tuning with DPO exceeds RLHF’s ability to control sentiment of generations and improves response quality in summarization and single-turn dialogue while being substantially simpler to implement and train.

Outstanding Datasets and Benchmarks Papers

In the dataset category :

ClimSim: A large multi-scale dataset for hybrid physics-ML climate emulation

Authors: Sungduk Yu · Walter Hannah · Liran Peng · Jerry Lin · Mohamed Aziz Bhouri · Ritwik Gupta · Björn Lütjens · Justus C. Will · Gunnar Behrens · Julius Busecke · Nora Loose · Charles Stern · Tom Beucler · Bryce Harrop · Benjamin Hillman · Andrea Jenney · Savannah L. Ferretti · Nana Liu · Animashree Anandkumar · Noah Brenowitz · Veronika Eyring · Nicholas Geneva · Pierre Gentine · Stephan Mandt · Jaideep Pathak · Akshay Subramaniam · Carl Vondrick · Rose Yu · Laure Zanna · Tian Zheng · Ryan Abernathey · Fiaz Ahmed · David Bader · Pierre Baldi · Elizabeth Barnes · Christopher Bretherton · Peter Caldwell · Wayne Chuang · Yilun Han · YU HUANG · Fernando Iglesias-Suarez · Sanket Jantre · Karthik Kashinath · Marat Khairoutdinov · Thorsten Kurth · Nicholas Lutsko · Po-Lun Ma · Griffin Mooers · J. David Neelin · David Randall · Sara Shamekh · Mark Taylor · Nathan Urban · Janni Yuval · Guang Zhang · Mike Pritchard

Poster session 4: Wed 13 Dec 5:00 p.m. — 7:00 p.m. CST, #105

Oral: Wed 13 Dec 3:45 p.m. — 4:00 p.m. CST, Ballroom A-C (level 2)

Abstract: Modern climate projections lack adequate spatial and temporal resolution due to computational constraints. A consequence is inaccurate and imprecise predictions of critical processes such as storms. Hybrid methods that combine physics with machine learning (ML) have introduced a new generation of higher fidelity climate simulators that can sidestep Moore’s Law by outsourcing compute-hungry, short, high-resolution simulations to ML emulators. However, this hybrid ML-physics simulation approach requires domain-specific treatment and has been inaccessible to ML experts because of lack of training data and relevant, easy-to-use workflows. We present ClimSim, the largest-ever dataset designed for hybrid ML-physics research. It comprises multi-scale climate simulations, developed by a consortium of climate scientists and ML researchers. It consists of 5.7 billion pairs of multivariate input and output vectors that isolate the influence of locally-nested, high-resolution, high-fidelity physics on a host climate simulator’s macro-scale physical state. The dataset is global in coverage, spans multiple years at high sampling frequency, and is designed such that resulting emulators are compatible with downstream coupling into operational climate simulators. We implement a range of deterministic and stochastic regression baselines to highlight the ML challenges and their scoring. The data (https://huggingface.co/datasets/LEAP/ClimSim_high-res) and code (https://leap-stc.github.io/ClimSim) are released openly to support the development of hybrid ML-physics and high-fidelity climate simulations for the benefit of science and society.

In the benchmark category :

DecodingTrust: A Comprehensive Assessment of Trustworthiness in GPT Models

Authors: Boxin Wang · Weixin Chen · Hengzhi Pei · Chulin Xie · Mintong Kang · Chenhui Zhang · Chejian Xu · Zidi Xiong · Ritik Dutta · Rylan Schaeffer · Sang Truong · Simran Arora · Mantas Mazeika · Dan Hendrycks · Zinan Lin · Yu Cheng · Sanmi Koyejo · Dawn Song · Bo Li

Poster session 1: Tue 12 Dec 10:45 a.m. — 12:45 p.m. CST, #1618

Oral: Tue 12 Dec 10:30 a.m. — 10:45 a.m. CST, Ballroom A-C (Level 2)

Abstract: Generative Pre-trained Transformer (GPT) models have exhibited exciting progress in capabilities, capturing the interest of practitioners and the public alike. Yet, while the literature on the trustworthiness of GPT models remains limited, practitioners have proposed employing capable GPT models for sensitive applications to healthcare and finance – where mistakes can be costly. To this end, this work proposes a comprehensive trustworthiness evaluation for large language models with a focus on GPT-4 and GPT-3.5, considering diverse perspectives – including toxicity, stereotype bias, adversarial robustness, out-of-distribution robustness, robustness on adversarial demonstrations, privacy, machine ethics, and fairness. Based on our evaluations, we discover previously unpublished vulnerabilities to trustworthiness threats. For instance, we find that GPT models can be easily misled to generate toxic and biased outputs and leak private information in both training data and conversation history. We also find that although GPT-4 is usually more trustworthy than GPT-3.5 on standard benchmarks, GPT-4 is more vulnerable given jailbreaking system or user prompts, potentially due to the reason that GPT-4 follows the (misleading) instructions more precisely. Our work illustrates a comprehensive trustworthiness evaluation of GPT models and sheds light on the trustworthiness gaps. Our benchmark is publicly available at https://decodingtrust.github.io/.

Test of Time

This year, following the usual practice, we chose a NeurIPS paper from 10 years ago to receive the Test of Time Award, and “ Distributed Representations of Words and Phrases and their Compositionality ” by Tomas Mikolov, Ilya Sutskever, Kai Chen, Greg Corrado, and Jeffrey Dean, won.

Published at NeurIPS 2013 and cited over 40,000 times, the work introduced the seminal word embedding technique word2vec. Demonstrating the power of learning from large amounts of unstructured text, the work catalyzed progress that marked the beginning of a new era in natural language processing.

Greg Corrado and Jeffrey Dean will be giving a talk about this work and related research on Tuesday, 12 Dec at 3:05 – 3:25 pm CST in Hall F.

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How Pew Research Center will report on generations moving forward

Journalists, researchers and the public often look at society through the lens of generation, using terms like Millennial or Gen Z to describe groups of similarly aged people. This approach can help readers see themselves in the data and assess where we are and where we’re headed as a country.

Pew Research Center has been at the forefront of generational research over the years, telling the story of Millennials as they came of age politically and as they moved more firmly into adult life . In recent years, we’ve also been eager to learn about Gen Z as the leading edge of this generation moves into adulthood.

But generational research has become a crowded arena. The field has been flooded with content that’s often sold as research but is more like clickbait or marketing mythology. There’s also been a growing chorus of criticism about generational research and generational labels in particular.

Recently, as we were preparing to embark on a major research project related to Gen Z, we decided to take a step back and consider how we can study generations in a way that aligns with our values of accuracy, rigor and providing a foundation of facts that enriches the public dialogue.

A typical generation spans 15 to 18 years. As many critics of generational research point out, there is great diversity of thought, experience and behavior within generations.

We set out on a yearlong process of assessing the landscape of generational research. We spoke with experts from outside Pew Research Center, including those who have been publicly critical of our generational analysis, to get their take on the pros and cons of this type of work. We invested in methodological testing to determine whether we could compare findings from our earlier telephone surveys to the online ones we’re conducting now. And we experimented with higher-level statistical analyses that would allow us to isolate the effect of generation.

What emerged from this process was a set of clear guidelines that will help frame our approach going forward. Many of these are principles we’ve always adhered to , but others will require us to change the way we’ve been doing things in recent years.

Here’s a short overview of how we’ll approach generational research in the future:

We’ll only do generational analysis when we have historical data that allows us to compare generations at similar stages of life. When comparing generations, it’s crucial to control for age. In other words, researchers need to look at each generation or age cohort at a similar point in the life cycle. (“Age cohort” is a fancy way of referring to a group of people who were born around the same time.)

When doing this kind of research, the question isn’t whether young adults today are different from middle-aged or older adults today. The question is whether young adults today are different from young adults at some specific point in the past.

To answer this question, it’s necessary to have data that’s been collected over a considerable amount of time – think decades. Standard surveys don’t allow for this type of analysis. We can look at differences across age groups, but we can’t compare age groups over time.

Another complication is that the surveys we conducted 20 or 30 years ago aren’t usually comparable enough to the surveys we’re doing today. Our earlier surveys were done over the phone, and we’ve since transitioned to our nationally representative online survey panel , the American Trends Panel . Our internal testing showed that on many topics, respondents answer questions differently depending on the way they’re being interviewed. So we can’t use most of our surveys from the late 1980s and early 2000s to compare Gen Z with Millennials and Gen Xers at a similar stage of life.

This means that most generational analysis we do will use datasets that have employed similar methodologies over a long period of time, such as surveys from the U.S. Census Bureau. A good example is our 2020 report on Millennial families , which used census data going back to the late 1960s. The report showed that Millennials are marrying and forming families at a much different pace than the generations that came before them.

Even when we have historical data, we will attempt to control for other factors beyond age in making generational comparisons. If we accept that there are real differences across generations, we’re basically saying that people who were born around the same time share certain attitudes or beliefs – and that their views have been influenced by external forces that uniquely shaped them during their formative years. Those forces may have been social changes, economic circumstances, technological advances or political movements.

When we see that younger adults have different views than their older counterparts, it may be driven by their demographic traits rather than the fact that they belong to a particular generation.

The tricky part is isolating those forces from events or circumstances that have affected all age groups, not just one generation. These are often called “period effects.” An example of a period effect is the Watergate scandal, which drove down trust in government among all age groups. Differences in trust across age groups in the wake of Watergate shouldn’t be attributed to the outsize impact that event had on one age group or another, because the change occurred across the board.

Changing demographics also may play a role in patterns that might at first seem like generational differences. We know that the United States has become more racially and ethnically diverse in recent decades, and that race and ethnicity are linked with certain key social and political views. When we see that younger adults have different views than their older counterparts, it may be driven by their demographic traits rather than the fact that they belong to a particular generation.

Controlling for these factors can involve complicated statistical analysis that helps determine whether the differences we see across age groups are indeed due to generation or not. This additional step adds rigor to the process. Unfortunately, it’s often absent from current discussions about Gen Z, Millennials and other generations.

When we can’t do generational analysis, we still see value in looking at differences by age and will do so where it makes sense. Age is one of the most common predictors of differences in attitudes and behaviors. And even if age gaps aren’t rooted in generational differences, they can still be illuminating. They help us understand how people across the age spectrum are responding to key trends, technological breakthroughs and historical events.

Each stage of life comes with a unique set of experiences. Young adults are often at the leading edge of changing attitudes on emerging social trends. Take views on same-sex marriage , for example, or attitudes about gender identity .

Many middle-aged adults, in turn, face the challenge of raising children while also providing care and support to their aging parents. And older adults have their own obstacles and opportunities. All of these stories – rooted in the life cycle, not in generations – are important and compelling, and we can tell them by analyzing our surveys at any given point in time.

When we do have the data to study groups of similarly aged people over time, we won’t always default to using the standard generational definitions and labels. While generational labels are simple and catchy, there are other ways to analyze age cohorts. For example, some observers have suggested grouping people by the decade in which they were born. This would create narrower cohorts in which the members may share more in common. People could also be grouped relative to their age during key historical events (such as the Great Recession or the COVID-19 pandemic) or technological innovations (like the invention of the iPhone).

By choosing not to use the standard generational labels when they’re not appropriate, we can avoid reinforcing harmful stereotypes or oversimplifying people’s complex lived experiences.

Existing generational definitions also may be too broad and arbitrary to capture differences that exist among narrower cohorts. A typical generation spans 15 to 18 years. As many critics of generational research point out, there is great diversity of thought, experience and behavior within generations. The key is to pick a lens that’s most appropriate for the research question that’s being studied. If we’re looking at political views and how they’ve shifted over time, for example, we might group people together according to the first presidential election in which they were eligible to vote.

With these considerations in mind, our audiences should not expect to see a lot of new research coming out of Pew Research Center that uses the generational lens. We’ll only talk about generations when it adds value, advances important national debates and highlights meaningful societal trends.

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Kim Parker is director of social trends research at Pew Research Center

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Who are you the art and science of measuring identity, u.s. centenarian population is projected to quadruple over the next 30 years, older workers are growing in number and earning higher wages, teens, social media and technology 2023, most popular.

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Explain the role of geographical factors towards the development of Ancient India. (Answer in 150 words) 10
What was the difference between Mahatma Gandhi and Rabindranath Tagore in their approach towards education and nationalism? (Answer in 150 words) 10
Bring out the socio-economic effects of the introduction of railways in different countries of the world. (Answer in 150 words) 10
Discuss the consequences of climate change on the food security in tropical countries. (Answer in 150 words) 10
Why is the world today confronted with a crisis of availability of and access to freshwater resources? (Answer in 150 words) 10
How are the fjords formed? Why do they constitute some of the most picturesque areas of the world? (Answer in 150 words) 10
Why is the South-West monsoon called ‘Purvaiya’ (easterly) in Bhojpur Region? How has this directional seasonal wind system influenced the cultural ethos of the region? (Answer in 150 words) 10
Do you think marriage as a sacrament in loosing its value in Modern India? (Answer in 150 words) 10
Explain why suicide among young women is increasing in Indian Society. (Answer in 150 words) 10
Child cuddling is now being replaced by mobile phones. Discuss its impact on the socialization of children. (Answer in 150 words) 10
What are the main features of Vedic society and religion? Do you think some of the features are still prevailing in Indian society? (Answer in 250 words) 15
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Identify and discuss the factors responsible for diversity of natural vegetation in India. Assess the significance of wildlife sanctuaries in rain forests regions of India. (Answer in 250 words) 15
Why did human development fail to keep pace with economic development in India? (Answer in 250 words) 15
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UPSC Mains Exams Started on September 15, 2023 (Friday) with an Essay Paper and it will end with Paper-VII Optional Subject-Paper-2 on 24th September, 2023 (Sunday). The UPSC Mains Question Paper is a comprehensive examination that tests candidates' knowledge, understanding, and analytical skills across a wide range of subjects.
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Call for Papers Paper FAQ ... Announcing the NeurIPS 2023 Paper Awards: Dec 10, 2023 Announcing NeurIPS 2023 Invited Talks: Dec 09, 2023 ... SlidesLive Main Conference Paper Video Upload Deadline Nov 13 '23 (Anywhere on Earth) SlidesLive Workshop Paper Video Upload Deadline Nov 20 '23 (Anywhere on Earth) ...
Announcing the NeurIPS 2023 Paper Awards
Announcing the NeurIPS 2023 Paper Awards By Amir Globerson, Kate Saenko, Moritz Hardt, Sergey Levine and Comms Chair, Sahra Ghalebikesabi . We are honored to announce the award-winning papers for NeurIPS 2023! This year's prestigious awards consist of the Test of Time Award plus two Outstanding Paper Awards in each of these three categories: . Two Outstanding Main Track Papers
UPSC 2023 Topper's Mock Essay Goes Viral, Sparking Debate on Exam
SSC JHT Result 2023 declared at ssc.nic.in, check Paper 1 result here WBCS prelims exam schedule 2023 released, to be held on December 16 SBI PO Prelims Result 2023 declared at sbi.co.in, direct ...
2023(2024) O/L Maths Model Paper (Ministry of Education)
Past Papers WiKi. Pastpapers wiki is a free resource site for O/L and A/L Students In Sri Lanka. Past Papers WiKi was founded in October 2019 by Education Resources.lk. The main goal of this site is to provide Past Papers, Marking Schemes, Notes, and other resources that allow students to improve their knowledge.
2024 Conference
Announcing the NeurIPS 2023 Paper Awards: Dec 10, 2023 Announcing NeurIPS 2023 Invited Talks: Dec 09, 2023 ... Main Conference Paper Submission Deadline ... symposia, and oral and poster presentations of refereed papers. Along with the conference is a professional exposition focusing on machine learning in practice, a series of tutorials, and ...
2023
Previous Years Papers. GS Paper-I (Year Wise) GS Paper-I (Subject Wise) CSAT. CSAT Strategy; CSAT MCQs; Previous Years Papers; ... 2023. 15 Sep 2023; 1 min read; Section-A. Q1. Thinking is like a game, it does not begin unless there is an opposite team. ... 12, Main AB Road, Bhawar Kuan, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, 452007
NeurIPS 2022 Call for Papers
Call For Papers Abstract submission deadline: Monday, May 16, 2022 01:00 PM PDT Full paper submission and co-author registration deadline: Thursday, May 19, 2022 01:00 PM PDT Supplementary materials submission deadline: Thursday, May 26, 2022 01:00 PM PDT Author notification: Wednesday, September 14, 2022 Camera-ready, poster, and video submission: Wednesday, October 12, 2022 01:00 PM PDT
How Pew Research Center will report on generations moving forward
The tricky part is isolating those forces from events or circumstances that have affected all age groups, not just one generation. These are often called "period effects." An example of a period effect is the Watergate scandal, which drove down trust in government among all age groups.
[ General Studies Paper
DOWNLOAD ESSAY QUESTION PAPER : UPSC CSE MAINS 2023. DOWNLOAD General Studies 2 QUESTION PAPER : UPSC CSE MAINS 2023. DOWNLOAD General Studies 3 QUESTION PAPER : UPSC CSE MAINS 2023 ... DOWNLOAD GS - 1 QUESTION PAPER : UPSC CSE MAINS 2023 [here] Explain the role of geographical factors towards the development of Ancient India. (Answer in 150 ...

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Thinking is like a game, it does not begin unless there is an opposite team

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Girls are weighed down by restrictions, boys with demands- two equally harmful disciplines

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A society that has more justice is a society that needs less charity

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