thesis topics on obesity

394 Obesity Essay Topics & Research Questions + Examples

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• The Causes and Effects of Obesity
• Childhood Obesity: Causes and Effects
• Childhood Obesity: The Parents’ Responsibility
• Childhood Obesity: Causes and Solutions
• Health Promotion Proposal Obesity Prevention
• Unhealthy Food Culture and Obesity
• Parents Are Not to Blame for Obesity in Children
• Depression as It Relates to Obesity
• Junk Food and Children’s Obesity
• Obesity Prevention and Weight Management Theory
• Health Promotion for Obesity in Adults This is a health promotion proposal for preventing obesity among adults in the US. People get obesity when they acquire a given body mass index.
• Obesity as a Disease: Arguments For and Against Although some people consider that obesity is a disease caused by biological and psychological factors, others are confident that it should not be perceived as a disease.
• Childhood Obesity Study and Health Belief Model A field experiment will be used in the research to identify the impact of a healthy lifestyle intervention on children diagnosed with obesity.
• Childhood Obesity and Health Promotion Today, childhood obesity is one of the critical health concerns. Being an important factor impacting the future of the nation, children`s health should be cultivated.
• Obesity From Sociological Perspectives The social problem under focus is obesity originating from Latino food norms. The problem of obesity is the direct result of adherence to social norms.
• Obesity: Background and Preventative Measures Obesity is an epidemic. It tends to have more negative than positive effects on the economy and can greatly reduce one’s life expectancy.
• Link Between Obesity and Genetics Obesity affects the lives through limitations implemented on the physical activity, associated disorders, and even emotional pressure.
• Obesity Management and Intervention Many patients within the age brackets of 5-9 admitted in hospital with obesity cases have a secondary diagnosis of cardiovascular disease exceptionally high blood pressure.
• How to Reduce Obesity and Maintain Health? Health is becoming a matter of grave concern, especially the health of teenagers and adolescents, who are becoming increasingly overweight and obese.
• Health Promotion Strategies for Obesity The paper outlines and critically analyses the population based strategy as a method of managing and preventing obesity used in United Kingdom.
• Obesity Issue: Application of Nursing Theory This analysis will show that well-established theories are valuable to nursing problem-solving as frameworks for analyzing issues and planning solutions.
• Obesity: A Personal Problem and a Social Issue Obesity is a problem affecting many persons and society as a whole. According to World Health Organization, over 40% of the US population is either overweight or outright obese.
• Childhood Obesity: Quantitative Annotated Bibliography Childhood obesity is a problem that stands especially acute today, in the era of consumerism. Children now have immense access to the Internet.
• Childhood Obesity and Nutrition The prevalence of childhood obesity in schools can be compared to an epidemic of a virulent disease on a global scale.
• Children Obesity Prevention Proposals The purpose of this paper is to propose the study of motivational interviewing benefits in preventing childhood obesity in the context of the literature review method.
• Childhood Obesity: Prevention and Mitigation Over the past three decades, childhood obesity has developed into an epidemic and is considered as one of the major health issues in the world.
• Children Obesity Research Method and Sampling This paper presents a research method and sampling on the investigation of the issue of childhood obesity and the impact parents` education might have on reducing excess weight.
• Obesity in Children and Adolescents: Quantitative Methods Obesity in children and adolescents has increasingly become prevalent in the recent past and is now a major problem in most developed countries.
• Obesity Prevention: Social Media Campaign A variety of programs aimed at reducing the risk of obesity has been suggested by healthcare practitioners and scholars. Among them, diet interventions are highly popular.
• Pediatric Obesity and Self-Care Nursing Theory The presence of excess body fat in children has to be given special consideration since healthy childhood is a prerequisite to normal physical and psychological maturation.
• Prevention of Obesity in Teenagers This paper aims to create an education plan for teenage patients and their parents to effectively inform them and help them avoid obesity.
• Childhood Obesity and Socio-Ecological Model Childhood obesity can be significantly reduced through a public health intervention grounded in the socio-ecological model.
• Childhood Obesity: Causes and Effects Childhood obesity has many causes and effects, which denotes that parents and teachers should make children with obesity engage in regular physical exercise in school and at home.
• Nature vs. Nurture: Child Obesity On the basis of the given assessment, it is evident that a child’s environment is a stronger influencer than his or her genetic makeup
• Childhood Obesity and Public Policies in England The study identifies the preventive measures of the English government to deal with childhood obesity and compares the trends in England with the rest of the UK.
• Obesity Education Plan for Older Adults The given paper presents an obesity education plan targeted at adults and older adults who are overweight or obese and, therefore, are at risk of developing various diseases.
• Obesity in Miami-Dade Children and Adults The problem of childhood obesity is rather dangerous and may produce a short-term and long-term effect on young patients’ social, emotional, and physical health.
• Obesity as a Global Health Issue The purpose of this research is to identify obesity as a global health issue, evaluate the methods and findings conducted on obesity, and find solutions to reduce obesity globally.
• Obesity in Adolescence as a Social Problem The paper states that adolescence is one of the most crucial developmental phases of human life during which the issue of obesity must be solved.
• The Effects of Gender on Child Obesity The high percentage of women’s obesity prevalence is a result of poor nutrition in childhood and access to greater resources in adulthood.
• Obesity Prevention in Community: Strategic Plan This paper is a plan of how to change the way the community should treat obesity and improve people’s health through the required number of interventions.
• Childhood Obesity Prevention: The Role of Nursing Education Nurse practitioners have to deal with childhood obesity challenges and identity healthy physical and environmental factors to help pediatric patients and their parents.
• Childhood Obesity: Methods and Data Collection The first instrument that will be used in data collection is body mass index (BMI). The BMI is measured by dividing a patient’s weight in kilograms by height in meters squared.
• Childhood Obesity Prevention: Physical Education and Nutrition The paper examines how physical education in schools can prevent child obesity and how to educate parents about the importance of proper nutrition.
• Technological Progress as the Cause of Obesity Obesity is the increase of the body’s weight over the natural limit because of accumulated fats. Technology is a cost to the lost creativity and control over the required healthy lifestyle.
• Obesity: Causes, Consequences, and Care Nowadays, an increasing number of people suffer from having excess weight. This paper analyzes the relationship between obesity and other diseases.
• Obesity in the World: the Prevalence, Its Effects to Human Health, and Causes There are various causes of obesity ranging from the quantity of food ingested to the last of physical exercises that utilize the accumulated energy.
• Link Between Watching Television and Obesity One of the primary causes of obesity is a sedentary lifestyle, which often includes excessive screen-watching periods.
• Obesity Problem in the United States Obesity is not just people going fat; it is a disease that causes maladies like type-2 diabetes, heart disease, cancer and strokes.
• Obesity Management: Hypothesis Test Study This paper will show how a hypothesis test study can help inform evidence-based practice regarding obesity management.
• Childhood Obesity: Research Methodology Based on their body mass index measurement or diagnosis by a qualified physician, all children in the sample should be qualified as having obesity.
• Childhood Obesity and Public Health Intervention Childhood obesity can be significantly reduced through a public health intervention grounded in the socio-ecological model, in particular, parents’ active participation.
• Treat and Reduce Obesity Act and Its Potential The paper discusses the background, processing, and potential consequences of a Congress bill presented as H.R.1953: Treat and Reduce Obesity Act of 2017.
• Ways of Treating Obesity in Older Patients The researching obesity management and treatment in older adults is important, as it could help to raise the quality of life of the elderly.
• Obesity Interventions and Nursing Contributions Detecting health problems that may affect children later in their adulthood is worthwhile. This paper reviews roles of nurses’ actions in replacing obesity with wellness.
• Evidence Based Practice Related to Patient Obesity An effective weight management plan should be designed to tackle the health problem. The plan should also be implemented using desirable processes.
• Prevention of Obesity in Children The aim of the study is to find out whether the education of parent on a healthy lifestyle for the children compared with medication treatment, increase the outcome and prevention of obesity.
• Nutrition: Fighting the Childhood Obesity Epidemic Childhood obesity is defined variably as the condition of excessive body fat in children that adversely his/her health. It has been cited as a serious health concern issue in many countries.
• Obesity and Iron Deficiency Among College Students The study seeks to establish the relationship between obesity and iron deficiency by analyzing the serum hepcidin concentration among individuals aged between 19 to 29 years.
• Obesity: Racial and Ethnicity Disparities in West Virginia Numerous social, economic, and environmental factors contribute to racial disparities in obesity. The rates of obesity vary depending on race and ethnicity in West Virginia.
• Health Psychology and Activists’ Views on Obesity This paper examines obesity from the psychological and activists’ perspectives while highlighting some of the steps to be taken in the prevention and curbing of the disease.
• Childhood Obesity: Problem Analysis The introduced project addresses childhood obesity problem and highlights the inconsistency between the existing programs and their implementation in real life.
• Adolescent Obesity: Theories and Interventions This paper explores the issue of adolescent obesity and provides a cohesive action plan to propose how to remedy barriers to the success of implemented interventions.
• Childhood Obesity Interventions: Data Analysis The described analysis of research variables will make it possible to test the research and null hypotheses and contribute to the treatment of obesity in children.
• Obesity in School-Aged Children as a Social Burden In addition to personal concerns, overweight and obese children are at risk for long-term health consequences, including cardiovascular problems and additional comorbidities.
• Obesity Counteractions in Clark County, Washington The prevalence of obesity has been increasing sharply among children and adults in the Clark County because of the failure to observe healthy eating habits.
• Childhood Obesity Causes: Junk Food and Video Games The problem of “competitive foods and beverages” that are sold in schools outside the existing breakfast and lunch programs has been discussed for a while now.
• Advocacy Campaign: Childhood Obesity This paper will review two articles studying different advocacy campaigns: a community-based approach and a youth-led intervention for childhood obesity.
• Obesity as American Social Health Issue In the public health sector, obesity is defined as a social problem because it is associated with the eating habits and bodily lifestyles of every community.
• Childhood Obesity: A Global Public Health Crisis Karnik and Kanekar try to show the threatening tendency towards the deterioration of children`s health and the actions that should be performed to change the situation.
• Food Ads Ban for Childhood Obesity Prevention In order to prevent childhood obesity, it is necessary to ban food ads because they have adverse effects on children’s food preferences, consumption, and purchasing behaviors.
• Obesity in African Americans: Prevention and Therapy According to the official statistics, African American people present the group of American citizens which is the most susceptible to obesity.
• Food Allergies and Obesity This short research paper will examine how food allergies can lead to food addiction that can cause obesity in individuals suffering from these allergies.
• Childhood Obesity and Overweight Issues The paper discusses childhood obesity. It has been shown to have a negative influence on both physical health and mental well-being.
• Discussion of Freedman’s Article “How Junk Food Can End Obesity” David Freedman, in article “How Junk Food Can End Obesity”, talks about various misconceptions regarding healthy food that are common in society.
• Eating Fast Food and Obesity Correlation Analysis The proposed study will attempt to answer the question of what is the relationship between eating fast food and obesity, using correlation analysis.
• Childhood Obesity as an International Problem This paper explores the significance of using the web-based technological approach in combating obesity among Jewish children.
• Depression and Other Antecedents of Obesity Defeating the inertia about taking up a regular programme of sports and exercise can be a challenging goal. Hence, more advocacy campaigns focus on doing something about obesity with a more prudent diet.
• Childhood Obesity Study: Literature Review Obesity in children remains a major public health issue. A growing body of evidence suggests that social networks present a viable way to improve the situation.
• Childhood Obesity and Self-Care Deficit Theory To help the target audience develop an understanding of the effects that their eating behavior has on their health, Dorothea Orem’s Theory of Self-Care Deficit can be utilized.
• Should fast-food restaurants be liable for increasing obesity rates?
• Does public education on healthy eating reduce obesity prevalence?
• Is obesity a result of personal choices or socioeconomic circumstances?
• Should the government impose taxes on soda and junk food?
• Weight loss surgery for obesity: pros and cons.
• Should restaurants be required to display the caloric content of every menu item?
• Genetics and the environment: which is a more significant contributor to obesity?
• Should parents be held accountable for their children’s obesity?
• Does weight stigmatization affect obesity treatment outcomes?
• Does the fashion industry contribute to obesity among women?
• Childhood Obesity: Data Management The use of electronic health records (EHR) is regarded as one of the effective ways to treat obesity in the population.
• Childhood Obesity Problem Solution As a means of solving the problem of childhood obesity, the author of the research proposes to develop healthy custom menus for schools under a program called “Soul Food.”
• Childhood Obesity, Social Actions and Intervention This literature review presents the major social actions and family-based interventions that have been in use to address the problem of obesity in children.
• Obesity: High Accumulation of Adipose Tissue It is important to point out that obesity is a complex and intricate disease that is associated with a host of different metabolic illnesses.
• Childhood Obesity During the COVID-19 Pandemic While the COVID-19 pandemic elicited one of the worst prevalences of childhood obesity, determining its extent was a problem due to the lockdown.
• Overweight and Obesity Prevalence in the US Obesity is a significant public health problem recognized as one of the leading causes of mortality in the United States. Obesity and overweight are two common disorders.
• Obesity Screening Training Using the 5AS Framework The paper aims to decrease obesity levels at the community level. It provides the PCPs with the tools that would allow them to identify patients.
• Prevalence and Control of Obesity in Texas Obesity has been a severe health issue in the United States and globally. A person is obese if their size is more significant than the average weight.
• Nutrition: Obesity Pandemic and Genetic Code The environment in which we access the food we consume has changed. Unhealthy foods are cheaper, and there is no motivation to eat healthily.
• Preventing Obesity Health Issues From Childhood The selected problem is childhood obesity, the rates of which increase nationwide yearly and require the attention of the government, society, and parents.
• Describing the Problem of Childhood Obesity Childhood obesity is a problem that affects many children. If individuals experience a health issue in their childhood, it is going to lead to negative consequences.
• Researching of Obesity in Florida It is important to note that Florida does not elicit the only state with an obesity problem, as the nation’s obesity prevalence stood at 42.4% in 2018.
• Preventing Obesity Health Issues From the Childhood The paper is valuable for parents of children who are subject to gaining excess weight because the report offers how to solve the issue.
• The Social Problem of Obesity in Adolescence The social worker should be the bridge uniting obese individuals and society advertising social changes, and ending injustice and discrimination.
• Obesity and Health Outcomes in COVID-19 Patients The COVID-19 pandemic has posed many challenges over the last three years, and significant research has been done regarding its health effects and factors.
• Childhood Obesity in the US from Economic Perspective The economic explanation for the problem of childhood obesity refers to the inability of a part of the population to provide themselves and their children with healthy food.
• Obesity in the United States of America The article discusses the causes of the obesity pandemic in the United States of America, which has been recognized as a pandemic due to its scope, and high prevalence.
• The Problem of Childhood Obesity Obesity in childhood is a great concern of current medicine as the habits of healthy eating and lifestyle are taught by parents at an early age.
• Oral Health and Obesity Among Adolescents This research paper developed the idea of using dental offices as the primary gateway to detect potential obesity among Texas adolescents.
• Obesity, Weight Loss Programs and Nutrition The article addresses issues that can help increase access to information related to the provision of weight loss programs and nutrition.
• Childhood Obesity in the US From an Economic Perspective Looking at the problem of childhood obesity from an economic point of view offers an understanding of a wider range of causes and the definition of government intervention.
• Diet, Physical Activity, Obesity and Related Cancer Risk The paper addresses the connection between cancer and physical activity, diet, and obesity in Latin America and the USA. The transitions in dietary practices may be observed.
• Obesity From Sociological Imagination Viewpoint Most obese individuals understand that the modern market is not ready to accept them due to negative sociological imagination.
• The Current Problem of Obesity in the United States The paper raises the current problem of obesity in the United States and informs people about the issue, as well as what effect obesity can have on health.
• Childhood and Adolescent Obesity and Its Reasons Various socio-economic, health-related, biological, and behavioral factors may cause childhood obesity. They include an unhealthy diet and insufficient physical activity and sleep.
• Pediatric Obesity and Its Treatment Pediatric obesity is often the result of unhealthy nutrition and the lack of control from parents but not of health issues or hormonal imbalance.
• Impact of Obesity on Healthcare System Patients suffering from obesity suffer immensely from stigma during the process of care due to avoidance which ultimately affects the quality of care.
• Trending Diets to Curb Obesity There are many trending diets that have significant effects on shedding pounds; however, the discourse will focus on the Mediterranean diet.
• Issues of Obesity and Food Addiction Obesity and food addiction have become widespread and significant problems in modern society, both health-related and social.
• Diet, Physical Activity, Obesity, and Related Cancer Risk One’s health is affected by their lifestyle, which should be well managed since childhood to set a basis for a healthier adulthood.
• Articles About Childhood Obesity The most straightforward technique to diagnose childhood obesity is to measure the child’s weight and height and compare them to conventional height and weight charts.
• Obesity Prevention Policy Making in Texas Obesity is a national health problem, especially in Texas; therefore, the state immediately needed to launch a policy to combat and prevent obesity in the population.
• Obesity and How It Can Cause Chronic Diseases Obesity is associated with increased cardiovascular diseases, and cancer risks. The modifications in nutrition patterns and physical activity are effective methods to manage them.
• Physical Wellness to Prevent Obesity Heart Diseases Heart disease remains to be one of the most severe health concerns around the world. One of the leading causes of the condition is obesity.
• Obesity and General State of Public Health Obesity is a condition caused by an abnormal or excessive buildup of fat that poses a health concern. It raises the risk of developing various diseases and health issues.
• Ways of Obesity Interventions The paper discusses ways of obesity interventions. It includes diet and exercise, patient education, adherence to medication, and social justice.
• Obesity, Cardiovascular and Inflammatory Condition Under Hormones The essay discusses heart-related diseases and obesity conditions in the human body. The essay also explains the ghrelin hormone and how it affects the cardiovascular system.
• Aspects of Obesity Risk Factors Obesity is one of the most pressing concerns in recent years. Most studies attribute the rising cases of obesity to economic development.
• Obesity in Adolescence in the Hispanic Community The health risks linked to Hispanic community adolescent obesity range from diabetes, heart problems, sleep disorders, asthma, and joint pain.
• Obesity as a Wellness Concern in the Nursing Field A critical analysis of wellness can provide an understanding of why people make specific health-related choices.
• The link between excess weight and chronic diseases.
• The role of genetics in obesity.
• The impact on income and education on obesity risks.
• The influence of food advertising on consumer choices.
• Debunking the myths related to weight loss.
• Obesity during pregnancy: risks and complications.
• Cultural influences on eating patterns and obesity prevalence.
• Community initiatives for obesity prevention.
• The healthcare and societal costs of obesity.
• The bidirectional relationship between sleep disorders and obesity.
• Physio- and Psychological Causes of Obesity The paper states that obesity is a complex problem in the formation of which many physiological and psychological factors are involved.
• How Junk Diets Can Reduce Obesity To control obesity there is a need to ensure that the junk foods produced are safe for consumption before being released into the foods market.
• The Problem of Obesity: Weight Management Obesity is now a significant public health issue around the world. The type 2 diabetes, cardiac conditions, stroke, and metabolism are the main risk factors.
• Behavioral Modifications for Patients With Obesity This paper aims to find out in obese patients, do lifestyle and behavioral changes, compared to weight loss surgery, improve patients’ health and reduce complications.
• Sleep Deprivation Effects on Adolescents Who Suffer From Obesity The academic literature on sleep deprivation argues that it has a number of adverse health effects on children and adolescents, with obesity being one of them.
• Hypertensive Patients Will Maintain Healthy Blood Pressure and Prevent Obesity Despite hypertension and obesity are being major life threats, there are safer lifeways that one can use to combat the problem.
• The Consequences of Obesity: An Annotated Bibliography To review the literature data, the authors searched for corresponding articles on the PubMed database using specific keywords.
• Evolving Societal Norms of Obesity The primary individual factors that lead to overeating include limited self-control, peer pressure, and automatic functioning.
• The Worldwide Health Problem: Obesity in Children The paper touch upon the main causes of obesity, its spread throughout the world, the major effects of the condition and ways of prevention.
• Mental Stability and Obesity Interrelation The study aims to conduct an integrative review synthesizing and interpreting existing research results on the interrelation between mental stability and obesity.
• Crutcho Public School: Obesity in School Children Numerous school children at Crutcho Public elementary school, Oklahoma City, are obese revealing how obesity is a threat to that community.
• A National Childhood Obesity Prevention Program We Can!® A national childhood obesity prevention program We Can!® explains the rules for eating right and getting active. The program also pays attention to reducing screen time.
• Obesity in Low-Income Community: Diet and Physical Activity The research evaluates the relationship between family earnings and physical activity and overweight rates of children in 8 different communities divided by race or ethnicity.
• Dealing with Obesity as a Societal Concern This essay shall discuss the health issue of obesity, a social health problem that is, unfortunately, growing at a rapid rate.
• Adolescent Obesity in the United States The article reflects the problem of overweight in the use, a consideration which the authors blame on influential factors such as age and body mass index.
• Obesity Problem Solved by Proper Nutrition and Exercise Most people who suffer from obesity are often discouraged to pursue nutrition and exercise because their bodies cannot achieve a particular look.
• Girls with Obesity: Hospital-Based Intervention This paper includes a brief description of a hospital-based intervention targeting middle-school girls with obesity.
• Hispanic Obesity in the Context of Cultural Empowerment This paper identifies negative factors directly causing obesity within the Hispanic people while distinguishing positive effects upon which potential interventions should be based.
• Childhood Obesity Teaching Experience and Observations The proposed teaching plan aimed at introducing the importance of healthy eating habits to children between the ages of 6 and 11.
• Care Plan: Quincy Town, Massachusetts With Childhood Obesity This study will develop a community assessment program based on the city with the aim of creating a care plan for tackling the issue of child obesity in the town.
• Exercise for Obesity Description There are numerous methods by which obesity can be controlled and one of the most effective ways is through exercising.
• Obesity and Disparity in African American Women Several studies indicate that the rate of developing obesity is the highest in African American populations in the US.
• Factors Increasing the Risk of Obesity The consumption of fast food or processed products is one of the major factors increasing the risk of obesity and associated health outcomes.
• Obesity, Diabetes and Self-Care The paper discusses being overweight or obese is a high-risk factor for diabetes mellitus and self-care among middle-aged diabetics is a function of education and income.
• Childhood Obesity in Modern Schools Most schools have poor canteens with untrained staff and poor equipment for workers. That’s why they can’t cook quality food and offer better services to students.
• Obesity in Hispanic American Citizens The issue of obesity anong Hispanic Americans occurs as a result of poor dieting choices caused by misinformed perceptions of proper eating.
• Effectiveness of a Diet and Physical Activity on the Prevention of Obesity Research indicates that obesity is the global epidemic of the 21st century, especially due to its prevalent growth and health implications.
• Community Obesity and Diabetes: Mississippi Focus Study The paper provides a detailed discussion of the correct method to be used in the state of Mississippi to control and avoid obesity and diabetes issues.
• Multicausality: Reserpine, Breast Cancer, and Obesity All the factors are not significant in the context of the liability to breast cancer development, though their minor influence is undeniable.
• The Home Food Environment and Obesity-Promoting Eating Behaviours Campbell, Crawford, Salmon, Carver, Garnett, and Baur conducted a study to determine the associations between the home food environment and obesity.
• The Problem of Childhood Obesity in the United States Childhood obesity is one of the reasons for the development of chronic diseases. In the US the problem is quite burning as the percentage of obese children increased significantly.
• Children Obesity in the United States Together with other problems and illnesses, obesity stands as one of the main difficulties in modern societies.
• The Situation of Obesity in Children in the U.S. The paper will discuss the situation of obesity in Children in the U.S. while giving the associated outcomes and consequences.
• Childhood Obesity and Healthy Lifestyles The purpose of this paper is to discuss childhood obesity and the various ways of fostering good eating habits and healthy lifestyles.
• Screen Time and Pediatric Obesity Among School-Aged Children Increased screen time raises the likelihood of children becoming overweight/obese because of the deficiency of physical exercise and the consumption of high-calorie foods.
• Policymaker Visit About the Childhood Obesity Problem The policy issue of childhood obesity continues to be burning in American society. It causes a variety of concurrent problems including mental disorders.
• Public Health Interventions and Economics: Obesity The purpose of this article is to consider the economic feasibility of public health interventions to prevent the emergence of the problem of obesity.
• Obesity Overview and Ways to Improve Health The main focus of this paper is to analyze the problems of vice marketing and some unhealthy products to teens and children.
• Nursing: Issue of Obesity, Impact of Food Obesity is a pandemic problem in America. The fast food industry is under pressure from critics about the Americans weight gain problem.
• Childhood Overweight and Obesity Childhood overweight and obesity have increased in the US. Effective transportation systems and planning decisions could eliminate such overweight-related challenges.
• Obesity Negative Influence on Public Health
• Problematic of Obesity in Mexican Americans
• Child Obesity Problem in the United States
• Obesity Rates and Global Economy
• Screen Time and Pediatric Obesity in School-Aged Children
• Obesity: Cause and Treatment
• Obesity Treatment – More Than Food
• Effects of Exercise on Obesity Reduction in Adults
• The Problem of Obesity in the Latin Community
• Obesity Prevention in Ramsey County, Minnesota
• Childhood Obesity and Its Potential Prevention
• Non-Surgical Reduction of Obesity and Overweight in Young Adults
• Obesity Prevention Due to Education
• Physical Activity and Obesity in Children by Hills et al.
• The Best Way to Address Obesity in the United States
• Nursing Diabetes and Obesity Patients
• Obesity Problem Description and Analysis
• The Issues with Obesity of Children and Adolescents
• Obesity in People with Intellectual Disabilities’: The Article Review
• Non-Surgical Reduction of Obesity in Young Adults
• Obesity in Children in the United States
• Childhood Obesity in Ocean Springs Mississippi
• The Problem of Children Obesity
• “Physical Activity and Obesity in Children” by A. P. Hills
• “Physical Activity and Obesity in Children” by Hills
• The Current State of Obesity in Children Issue
• Effects of Obesity on Human Lifespan Development
• Obesity and High Blood Pressure as Health Issues
• Adult Obesity: Treatment Program
• Obesity in Children and Their Physical Activity
• The Prevention of Childhood Obesity in Children of 1 to 10 Years of Age
• Obesity as a Major Health Concern in the United States
• Screen Time and Pediatric Obesity
• Technology as the Cause of Obesity
• Janet Tomiyama’s “Stress and Obesity” Summary
• A Dissemination Plan on Adolescent Obesity and Falls in Elderly Population
• The Issue of Obesity: Reasons and Consequences
• “Obesity and the Growing Brain” by Stacy Lu
• Obesity Disease: Symptoms and Causes
• Obesity Among Mexican-American School-Age Children in the US
• Obesity as a One of the Major Health Concerns
• Obesity: Diet Management in Adult Patients
• Children’s Obesity in the Hispanic Population
• Prevention of Childhood Obesity
• Assessing Inputs and Outputs of a Summer Obesity Prevention Program
• Designing a Program to Address Obesity in Florida
• Widespread Obesity in Low-Income Societies
• Health Policy: Obesity in Children
• Youth Obesity In Clark County in Vancouver Washington
• Obesity in Clark County and Health Policy Proposal
• Obesity: Is It a Disease?
• Clark County Obesity Problem
• Obesity Action Coalition Website Promoting Health
• Childhood Obesity: Medical Complications and Social Problems
• How to Address Obesity in the United States
• The Epidemic of Obesity: Issue Analysis
• Eating Healthy and Its Link to Obesity
• Child Obesity in North America
• Personal Issues: Marriage, Obesity, and Alcohol Abuse
• Obesity in Children: Relevance of School-Based BMI Reporting Policy
• Obesity in the United States: Defining the Problem
• Obesity in Children in the US
• Childhood Obesity: Issue Analysis
• Physical Exercises as Obesity Treatment
• Data Mining Techniques for African American Childhood Obesity Factors
• Approaches to Childhood Obesity Treatment
• Researching Childhood Obesity Issues
• Infant Feeding Practices and Early Childhood Obesity
• Prevalence of Obesity and Severe Obesity in U.S. Children
• Problem of Obesity: Analytic Method
• Obesity as National Practice Problem
• Practice Problem of the Obesity in United States
• Exercise for Obesity Management: Evidence-Based Project
• Obesity in African-American Women: Methodology
• The Epidemiology of Obesity
• Pediatric Obesity Study Methodology
• Adult Obesity Causes & Consequences
• Community Health: Obesity Prevention
• Obesity Treatment in Primary Care: Evidence-Based Guide
• Childhood Obesity and Mothers’ Education Project
• Childhood Obesity Research Critiques
• Childhood Obesity: Medication and Parent Education
• Obesity Caused by Fast-Food as a Nursing Practice Issue
• Cardiometabolic Response to Obesity Treatment
• Motivational Interviewing in Obesity Reduction: Statistical Analysis
• Obesity Among the Adult Population: Research Planning
• Research and Global Health: Obesity and Overweight
• Childhood Obesity as a Topic for Academic Studies
• Adolescent Obesity Treatment in Primary Care
• The Issues of Childhood Obesity: Overweight and Parent Education
• Childhood Obesity and Parent Education: Ethical Issues
• Obesity Reduction and Effectiveness of Interventions
• Childhood and Adult Obesity in the US in 2011-12
• Anti-Obesity Project’s Sponsors in the USA
• Obesity Prevention Advocacy Campaigns
• Childhood Obesity Study, Ethics, and Human Rights
• Childhood Obesity, Demographics and Environment
• Overweight and Obesity in 195 Countries Since 1980
• Childhood Obesity and American Policy Intervention
• Obesity in Miami as a Policy-Priority Issue
• Efficient Ways to Manage Obesity
• Childhood Obesity and Healtcare Spending in the US
• Childhood Obesity, Medical and Parental Education
• Nursing Role in Tackling Youth Obesity
• Childhood Obesity: Problem Issues
• Adolescent Obesity and Parental Education Study
• Obesity Prevention and Patient Teaching Plan
• “Management of Obesity” by Dietz et al.
• Nutrition and Obesity: Management and Prevention
• Obesity, Diet Modification and Physical Exercises
• Obesity, Its Definition, Treatment and Prevention
• Childhood Obesity and Eating Habits in Low-Income Families
• Diet and Lifestyle vs Surgery in Obesity Treatment
• Obesity: Society’s Attitude and Media Profiling
• Childhood Obesity and Family’s Responsibility
• Childhood Obesity: Parental Education vs. Medicaments
• Childhood Obesity and Healthy Lifestyle Education
• Childhood Obesity and Health Promoting Schools Program
• Childhood Obesity Risks, Reasons, Prevention
• Fast Food as a Cause of Obesity in the US and World
• Obesity Prevention and Education in Young Children
• Childhood Obesity: The Relationships Between Overweight and Parental Education
• Obesity, Its Demographics and Health Effects
• Obesity Treatment: Surgery vs. Diet and Exercises
• Child Obesity as London’s Urban Health Issue
• Obesity Prevention in Young Children: Evidence-Based Project
• Prevalence of Childhood and Adult Obesity in the US
• The Role of Nurses in the Obesity Problem
• The Issue of Obesity in Youth in the U.S.
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StudyCorgi. (2021, September 9). 394 Obesity Essay Topics & Research Questions + Examples. https://studycorgi.com/ideas/obesity-essay-topics/

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StudyCorgi . "394 Obesity Essay Topics & Research Questions + Examples." September 9, 2021. https://studycorgi.com/ideas/obesity-essay-topics/.

StudyCorgi . 2021. "394 Obesity Essay Topics & Research Questions + Examples." September 9, 2021. https://studycorgi.com/ideas/obesity-essay-topics/.

These essay examples and topics on Obesity were carefully selected by the StudyCorgi editorial team. They meet our highest standards in terms of grammar, punctuation, style, and fact accuracy. Please ensure you properly reference the materials if you’re using them to write your assignment.

This essay topic collection was updated on January 21, 2024 .

Obesity Essay

Last updated on: Feb 9, 2023

Obesity Essay: A Complete Guide and Topics

By: Nova A.

11 min read

Reviewed By: Jacklyn H.

Published on: Aug 31, 2021

Are you assigned to write an essay about obesity? The first step is to define obesity.

The obesity epidemic is a major issue facing our country right now. It's complicated- it could be genetic or due to your environment, but either way, there are ways that you can fix it!

Learn all about what causes weight gain and get tips on how you can get healthy again.

On this Page

What is Obesity

What is obesity? Obesity and BMI (body mass index) are both tools of measurement that are used by doctors to assess body fat according to the height, age, and gender of a person. If the BMI is between 25 to 29.9, that means the person has excess weight and body fat.

If the BMI exceeds 30, that means the person is obese. Obesity is a condition that increases the risk of developing cardiovascular diseases, high blood pressure, and other medical conditions like metabolic syndrome, arthritis, and even some types of cancer.

Obesity Definition

Obesity is defined by the World Health Organization as an accumulation of abnormal and excess body fat that comes with several risk factors. It is measured by the body mass index BMI, body weight (in kilograms) divided by the square of a person’s height (in meters).

Obesity in America

Obesity is on the verge of becoming an epidemic as 1 in every 3 Americans can be categorized as overweight and obese. Currently, America is an obese country, and it continues to get worse.

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Causes of obesity

Do you see any obese or overweight people around you?

You likely do.

This is because fast-food chains are becoming more and more common, people are less active, and fruits and vegetables are more expensive than processed foods, thus making them less available to the majority of society. These are the primary causes of obesity.

Obesity is a disease that affects all age groups, including children and elderly people.

Now that you are familiar with the topic of obesity, writing an essay won’t be that difficult for you.

How to Write an Obesity Essay

The format of an obesity essay is similar to writing any other essay. If you need help regarding how to write an obesity essay, it is the same as writing any other essay.

Obesity Essay Introduction

The trick is to start your essay with an interesting and catchy sentence. This will help attract the reader's attention and motivate them to read further. You don’t want to lose the reader’s interest in the beginning and leave a bad impression, especially if the reader is your teacher.

A hook sentence is usually used to open the introductory paragraph of an essay in order to make it interesting. When writing an essay on obesity, the hook sentence can be in the form of an interesting fact or statistic.

Head on to this detailed article on hook examples to get a better idea.

Once you have hooked the reader, the next step is to provide them with relevant background information about the topic. Don’t give away too much at this stage or bombard them with excess information that the reader ends up getting bored with. Only share information that is necessary for the reader to understand your topic.

Next, write a strong thesis statement at the end of your essay, be sure that your thesis identifies the purpose of your essay in a clear and concise manner. Also, keep in mind that the thesis statement should be easy to justify as the body of your essay will revolve around it.

Body Paragraphs

The details related to your topic are to be included in the body paragraphs of your essay. You can use statistics, facts, and figures related to obesity to reinforce your thesis throughout your essay.

If you are writing a cause-and-effect obesity essay, you can mention different causes of obesity and how it can affect a person’s overall health. The number of body paragraphs can increase depending on the parameters of the assignment as set forth by your instructor.

Start each body paragraph with a topic sentence that is the crux of its content. It is necessary to write an engaging topic sentence as it helps grab the reader’s interest. Check out this detailed blog on writing a topic sentence to further understand it.

End your essay with a conclusion by restating your research and tying it to your thesis statement. You can also propose possible solutions to control obesity in your conclusion. Make sure that your conclusion is short yet powerful.

Obesity Essay Examples

Essay about Obesity (PDF)

Childhood Obesity Essay (PDF)

Obesity in America Essay (PDF)

Essay about Obesity Cause and Effects (PDF)

Satire Essay on Obesity (PDF) 

Obesity Argumentative Essay (PDF)

Obesity Essay Topics

Choosing a topic might seem an overwhelming task as you may have many ideas for your assignment. Brainstorm different ideas and narrow them down to one, quality topic.

If you need some examples to help you with your essay topic related to obesity, dive into this article and choose from the list of obesity essay topics.

Childhood Obesity

As mentioned earlier, obesity can affect any age group, including children. Obesity can cause several future health problems as children age.

Here are a few topics you can choose from and discuss for your childhood obesity essay:

• What are the causes of increasing obesity in children?
• Obese parents may be at risk for having children with obesity.
• What is the ratio of obesity between adults and children?
• What are the possible treatments for obese children?
• Are there any social programs that can help children with combating obesity?
• Has technology boosted the rate of obesity in children?
• Are children spending more time on gadgets instead of playing outside?
• Schools should encourage regular exercises and sports for children.
• How can sports and other physical activities protect children from becoming obese?
• Can childhood abuse be a cause of obesity among children?
• What is the relationship between neglect in childhood and obesity in adulthood?
• Does obesity have any effect on the psychological condition and well-being of a child?
• Are electronic medical records effective in diagnosing obesity among children?
• Obesity can affect the academic performance of your child.
• Do you believe that children who are raised by a single parent can be vulnerable to obesity?
• You can promote interesting exercises to encourage children.
• What is the main cause of obesity, and why is it increasing with every passing day?
• Schools and colleges should work harder to develop methodologies to decrease childhood obesity.
• The government should not allow schools and colleges to include sweet or fatty snacks as a part of their lunch.
• If a mother is obese, can it affect the health of the child?
• Children who gain weight frequently can develop chronic diseases.

Obesity Argumentative Essay Topics

Do you want to write an argumentative essay on the topic of obesity?

The following list can help you with that!

Here are some examples you can choose from for your argumentative essay about obesity:

• Can vegetables and fruits decrease the chances of obesity?
• Should you go for surgery to overcome obesity?
• Are there any harmful side effects?
• Can obesity be related to the mental condition of an individual?
• Are parents responsible for controlling obesity in childhood?
• What are the most effective measures to prevent the increase in the obesity rate?
• Why is the obesity rate increasing in the United States?
• Can the lifestyle of a person be a cause of obesity?
• Does the economic situation of a country affect the obesity rate?
• How is obesity considered an international health issue?
• Can technology and gadgets affect obesity rates?
• What can be the possible reasons for obesity in a school?
• How can we address the issue of obesity?
• Is obesity a chronic disease?
• Is obesity a major cause of heart attacks?
• Are the junk food chains causing an increase in obesity?
• Do nutritional programs help in reducing the obesity rate?
• How can the right type of diet help with obesity?
• Why should we encourage sports activities in schools and colleges?
• Can obesity affect a person’s behavior?

Health Related Topics for Research Paper

If you are writing a research paper, you can explain the cause and effect of obesity.

Here are a few topics that link to the cause and effects of obesity.Review the literature of previous articles related to obesity. Describe the ideas presented in the previous papers.

• Can family history cause obesity in future generations?
• Can we predict obesity through genetic testing?
• What is the cause of the increasing obesity rate?
• Do you think the increase in fast-food restaurants is a cause of the rising obesity rate?
• Is the ratio of obese women greater than obese men?
• Why are women more prone to be obese as compared to men?
• Stress can be a cause of obesity. Mention the reasons how mental health can be related to physical health.
• Is urban life a cause of the increasing obesity rate?
• People from cities are prone to be obese as compared to people from the countryside.
• How obesity affects the life expectancy of people? What are possible solutions to decrease the obesity rate?
• Do family eating habits affect or trigger obesity?
• How do eating habits affect the health of an individual?
• How can obesity affect the future of a child?
• Obese children are more prone to get bullied in high school and college.
• Why should schools encourage more sports and exercise for children?

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Topics for Essay on Obesity as a Problem

Do you think a rise in obesity rate can affect the economy of a country?

Here are some topics for your assistance regarding your economics related obesity essay.

• Does socioeconomic status affect the possibility of obesity in an individual?
• Analyze the film and write a review on “Fed Up” – an obesity epidemic.
• Share your reviews on the movie “The Weight of The Nation.”
• Should we increase the prices of fast food and decrease the prices of fruits and vegetables to decrease obesity?
• Do you think healthy food prices can be a cause of obesity?
• Describe what measures other countries have taken in order to control obesity?
• The government should play an important role in controlling obesity. What precautions should they take?
• Do you think obesity can be one of the reasons children get bullied?
• Do obese people experience any sort of discrimination or inappropriate behavior due to their weight?
• Are there any legal protections for people who suffer from discrimination due to their weight?
• Which communities have a higher percentage of obesity in the United States?
• Discuss the side effects of the fast-food industry and their advertisements on children.
• Describe how the increasing obesity rate has affected the economic condition of the United States.
• What is the current percentage of obesity all over the world? Is the obesity rate increasing with every passing day?
• Why is the obesity rate higher in the United States as compared to other countries?
• Do Asians have a greater percentage of obese people as compared to Europe?
• Does the cultural difference affect the eating habits of an individual?
• Obesity and body shaming.
• Why is a skinny body considered to be ideal? Is it an effective way to reduce the obesity rate?

Obesity Solution Essay Topics

With all the developments in medicine and technology, we still don’t have exact measures to treat obesity.

Here are some insights you can discuss in your essay:

• How do obese people suffer from metabolic complications?
• Describe the fat distribution in obese people.
• Is type 2 diabetes related to obesity?
• Are obese people more prone to suffer from diabetes in the future?
• How are cardiac diseases related to obesity?
• Can obesity affect a woman’s childbearing time phase?
• Describe the digestive diseases related to obesity.
• Obesity may be genetic.
• Obesity can cause a higher risk of suffering a heart attack.
• What are the causes of obesity? What health problems can be caused if an individual suffers from obesity?
• What are the side effects of surgery to overcome obesity?
• Which drugs are effective when it comes to the treatment of obesity?
• Is there a difference between being obese and overweight?
• Can obesity affect the sociological perspective of an individual?
• Explain how an obesity treatment works.
• How can the government help people to lose weight and improve public health?

Writing an essay is a challenging yet rewarding task. All you need is to be organized and clear when it comes to academic writing.

• Choose a topic you would like to write on.
• Organize your thoughts.
• Pen down your ideas.
• Compose a perfect essay that will help you ace your subject.
• Proofread and revise your paper.

Were the topics useful for you? We hope so!

However, if you are still struggling to write your paper, you can pick any of the topics from this list, and our essay writer will help you craft a perfect essay.

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Marketing, Thesis

As a Digital Content Strategist, Nova Allison has eight years of experience in writing both technical and scientific content. With a focus on developing online content plans that engage audiences, Nova strives to write pieces that are not only informative but captivating as well.

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A systematic literature review on obesity: Understanding the causes & consequences of obesity and reviewing various machine learning approaches used to predict obesity

Affiliations.

• 1 Centre for Software Technology and Management, Faculty of Information Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi, 43600, Selangor, Malaysia.
• 2 Centre for Software Technology and Management, Faculty of Information Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi, 43600, Selangor, Malaysia. Electronic address: [email protected].
• 3 RIADI Laboratory, University of Manouba, Manouba, Tunisia; College of Computer Science and Engineering, Taibah University, Medina, Saudi Arabia.
• 4 Center for Artificial Intelligence Technology, Faculty of Information Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi, 43600, Selangor, Malaysia.
• PMID: 34426171
• DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2021.104754

Obesity is considered a principal public health concern and ranked as the fifth foremost reason for death globally. Overweight and obesity are one of the main lifestyle illnesses that leads to further health concerns and contributes to numerous chronic diseases, including cancers, diabetes, metabolic syndrome, and cardiovascular diseases. The World Health Organization also predicted that 30% of death in the world will be initiated with lifestyle diseases in 2030 and can be stopped through the suitable identification and addressing of associated risk factors and behavioral involvement policies. Thus, detecting and diagnosing obesity as early as possible is crucial. Therefore, the machine learning approach is a promising solution to early predictions of obesity and the risk of overweight because it can offer quick, immediate, and accurate identification of risk factors and condition likelihoods. The present study conducted a systematic literature review to examine obesity research and machine learning techniques for the prevention and treatment of obesity from 2010 to 2020. Accordingly, 93 papers are identified from the review articles as primary studies from an initial pool of over 700 papers addressing obesity. Consequently, this study initially recognized the significant potential factors that influence and cause adult obesity. Next, the main diseases and health consequences of obesity and overweight are investigated. Ultimately, this study recognized the machine learning methods that can be used for the prediction of obesity. Finally, this study seeks to support decision-makers looking to understand the impact of obesity on health in the general population and identify outcomes that can be used to guide health authorities and public health to further mitigate threats and effectively guide obese people globally.

Keywords: Diseases; Machine learning; Obesity; Overweight; Risk factors.

Copyright © 2021 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.

Publication types

• Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
• Systematic Review
• Machine Learning
• Metabolic Syndrome*
• Obesity* / epidemiology
• Risk Factors

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• Singapore Med J
• v.64(3); 2023 Mar
• PMC10071857

The impact of obesity: a narrative review

Benjamin chih chiang lam.

1 Family and Community Medicine, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, Singapore

2 Integrated Care for Obesity and Diabetes, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, Singapore

Amanda Yuan Ling Lim

3 Singapore Association for the Study of Obesity, Singapore

4 Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore

Soo Ling Chan

5 Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Ng Teng Fong General Hospital, Singapore

Mabel Po Shan Yum

6 Psychology Service, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, Singapore

Natalie Si Ya Koh

7 Department of Cardiology, National Heart Centre, Singapore

Eric Andrew Finkelstein

8 Health Services and Systems Research, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore

Obesity is a disease with a major negative impact on human health. However, people with obesity may not perceive their weight to be a significant problem and less than half of patients with obesity are advised by their physicians to lose weight. The purpose of this review is to highlight the importance of managing overweight and obesity by discussing the adverse consequences and impact of obesity. In summary, obesity is strongly related to >50 medical conditions, with many of them having evidence from Mendelian randomisation studies to support causality. The clinical, social and economic burdens of obesity are considerable, with these burdens potentially impacting future generations as well. This review highlights the adverse health and economic consequences of obesity and the importance of an urgent and concerted effort towards the prevention and management of obesity to reduce the burden of obesity.

INTRODUCTION

The prevalence of obesity has increased significantly over the last two decades worldwide, including in Singapore, a multiethnic Southeast Asian country.[ 1 , 2 ] Recent national health surveys of adult Singaporeans suggest a continuation of this rising trend after a brief period of stabilisation.[ 3 ] Obesity, which is characterised by excessive adiposity, is not benign.

Obesity predisposes affected individuals to a large array of diseases that are often interconnected, leading to an increased risk of simple (two comorbid diseases) and complex (four or more comorbid diseases) multimorbidity in these individuals, when compared to people with healthy weight.[ 4 ] For example, in a large Finnish cohort of 114,657 people aged 16–78 years, with a mean follow-up of 12.1 years, people with obesity were five times more likely to develop simple multimorbidity and 12 times more likely to develop complex multimorbidity, with stronger associations found in people with more severe obesity.[ 4 ] This dose–response relationship between obesity and multimorbidity is also observed in other populations, including Asian populations.[ 5 , 6 ] In Singapore, the proportion of disability-adjusted life years, a composite measure of all health loss within a population, contributed by overweight and obesity, increased from 3.9% in 1990 to 6.4% in 2017, making it the fifth leading risk factor affecting health in Singapore.[ 7 ] Hence, obesity is a disease with a major negative impact on human health and has become a major global and regional health problem.

However, according to international surveys and interviews, people with obesity may not perceive their weight to be a significant problem,[ 8 ] with evidence also suggesting that less than half of patients with obesity are advised by their physicians to lose weight.[ 9 , 10 ] Hence, the purpose of this narrative review, as part of a series on obesity, is to highlight the importance of managing overweight and obesity by presenting and summarising the latest evidence on the adverse consequences and impact of obesity [ Figure 1 ]. The causal role of excess adiposity on obesity-related conditions (as established by the many epidemiological evidence already described in literature) will be explored. In addition, data from Singapore, if any, will be included in the review for each section, with the review on the economic burden of overweight and obesity focusing on Singapore.

Diagram shows a summary of the diseases and conditions associated with obesity and the potential impacts. *Supported by mendelian randomisation studies. T1DM: type 1 diabetes mellitus, T2DM: type 2 diabetes mellitus

EVIDENCE FOR CAUSAL ROLE OF EXCESS ADIPOSITY ON OBESITY-RELATED DISEASES

The hypertrophy of adipose tissue is associated with proinflammatory adipokine production and macrophage infiltration. In addition, the failure of adipose tissue to continually expand leads to lipotoxicity and ectopic fat deposition in lean tissues such as the heart, liver, pancreas and kidneys.[ 11 , 12 ] These phenomena contribute to a proinflammatory and insulin-resistant milieu and, together with increased mechanical stress due to increased adipose tissue mass,[ 11 , 13 ] are the main pathophysiological mechanisms responsible for the development of multiple medical conditions. Hence, there are reasonable pathways to link outcome to exposure (i.e. plausibility), one of the principles useful for establishing a causal relationship.[ 14 ]

This causal role of obesity is further supported by evidence from Mendelian randomisation (MR) studies. MR is an analytical technique involving genetic variants that are associated with exposures (risk factors such as obesity) as instrumental variables to investigate the effects of these exposures on an outcome of interest (e.g. a disease).[ 15 ] Since these genetic variants are fixed, randomly allocated at conception and temporally precede the outcome, MR is less likely to be subject to bias, confounding and reverse causation, which are frequent in conventional observational studies.[ 15 ] ’BMI’, ’obesity’, ’Mendelian randomisation’, ’Mendelian randomization’ and the outcome of interest (e.g. ’diabetes’) were used as search terms, and all studies relevant to this review were considered. These obesity-related diseases, with evidence for the causal role of obesity (plausible biological mechanisms and MR studies), and the various impacts of obesity will be discussed next.

Diabetes mellitus, dyslipidaemia and hypertension

As highlighted, obesity leads to insulin resistance. Additionally, elevated free fatty acid from the adipose tissues and ectopic fat deposition cause pancreatic β-cell dysfunction.[ 16 , 17 ] Hence, the various pathological mechanisms synergistically exacerbate the onset of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). In particular, visceral fat deposition plays an important role in the development of T2DM.[ 18 ] Hepatic fat worsens hepatic insulin resistance, while pancreatic fat affects insulin secretion and glucose tolerance.[ 18 ] In a meta-analysis of MR studies, genetically predicted higher body mass index (BMI) was consistently associated with T2DM, with a combined odds ratio (OR) of 2.03 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.88–2.19) per 1 standard deviation increase in BMI.[ 19 ] In Singapore, multiple observational studies confirm the increased risk of T2DM with increasing BMI in all major ethnic groups,[ 20 , 21 , 22 ] although there might be ethnic-specific sensitivity to the effects of increasing adiposity.[ 23 ]

There is also increasing evidence for the role of obesity in the increased incidence of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), with studies from North America and the UK suggesting an increasing prevalence of overweight and obesity in people with T1DM.[ 24 ] It has been hypothesised that obesity-induced insulin resistance may be responsible for the accelerated loss of pancreatic β cells through excessive stimulation[ 25 ] and a chronic proinflammatory state.[ 26 ] This causal role is supported by MR studies, although the evidence is not as consistent (compared to obesity and T2DM), with high heterogeneity between the studies.[ 19 ]

Obesity is associated with dyslipidaemia, which is characterised by increased triglycerides (TGs) and free fatty acids, decreased high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) with HDL dysfunction and increased low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), in particular, small dense LDL-C, which is particularly atherogenic.[ 27 ] The underlying mechanisms involve hepatic fat accumulation, insulin resistance and chronic inflammation.[ 27 , 28 ] In a recent MR study based on participants from the UK Biobank, genetically predicted higher BMI was significantly associated with dyslipidaemia (low HDL-C levels).[ 29 ] In Singapore, in a multiethnic sample of 4,723 adult participants, elevated TG was more common in people with obesity, with the prevalence of elevated TG increasing with higher BMI and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR),[ 20 ] consistent with the evidence.

Hypertension is more than twice as prevalent in people with obesity compared to people with normal weight.[ 30 ] The mechanisms for obesity-induced hypertension are varied (involving adipokines, cytokines, free fatty acids, insulin, the rennin–angiotensin–aldosterone system) and interconnected, with the final common pathways being endothelial dysfunction, extracellular fluid overload and sympathetic nervous system activation.[ 30 , 31 ] Hence, obesity is an established risk factor for hypertension, and its causal role is supported by MR studies,[ 19 , 32 ] particularly that of higher adiposity with a more unfavourable metabolic profile (higher visceral and ectopic fat).[ 32 ] In Singapore, the increased prevalence of hypertension with higher BMI and WHR is consistent, especially in males.[ 20 ]

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a condition in which fat accumulates in the liver in the absence of excessive alcohol consumption. Genetic variants that increase hepatic fat content have been shown to be associated with increased liver enzymes, hepatocellular damage and fibrosis, suggesting that hepatic fat accumulation mediates the development of liver fibrosis, independent of inflammation.[ 33 ] Hence, NAFLD may lead to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), and ultimately, cirrhosis or hepatocellular carcinoma.

The prevalence of NAFLD has risen in tandem with the global epidemic of obesity, with NAFLD now being the most common cause of chronic liver disease worldwide.[ 34 ] A meta-analysis of MR studies confirms the causal effect of obesity on NAFLD,[ 19 ] with central adiposity (waist circumference) having the strongest relationship (OR 2.93, 95% CI 1.85–4.63) among the various obesity measures.[ 35 ] In Singapore, studies consistently show that participants with evidence of NAFLD have significantly higher BMI and waist circumference.[ 36 , 37 ]

Cardiovascular diseases

The association between obesity and increased incidence of cardiovascular diseases such as heart failure, coronary heart disease and stroke has long been established.[ 38 ] For example, based on pooled data from 97 prospective cohort studies involving 1.8 million participants, the hazard ratio (HR) for each 5 kg/m 2 higher BMI was 1.27 (95% CI 1.23–1.31) for coronary heart disease and 1.18 (95% CI 1.14–1.22) for stroke after adjustment for potential confounders.[ 39 ] Additional adjustment for diabetes mellitus, hypertension and dyslipidaemia reduced the HRs to 1.15 (95% CI 1.12–1.18) and 1.04 (95% CI 1.01–1.08) for coronary heart disease and stroke, respectively, suggesting that 46% (95% CI 42%–50%) of the excess risk of BMI for coronary heart disease and 76% (95% CI 65%–91%) for stroke were mediated by these conditions,[ 39 ] which are common in people with obesity.[ 4 , 30 ]

Obesity itself leads to an increased risk of these cardiovascular events, likely via mechanisms such as the secretion of adipokines, proinflammatory cytokines and hypofibrinolytic factors, that together could lead to increased oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction resulting in atherosclerosis.[ 40 ] Additionally, excessive adiposity results in haemodynamic alterations via various neurohormonal and metabolic abnormalities, causing left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy and subsequent dysfunction, leading to LV failure. LV failure, facilitated by pulmonary arterial hypertension from hypoxia due to obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) and/or obesity hypoventilation syndrome (OHS), may subsequently lead to right ventricular failure.[ 41 ] This causal role of obesity is supported by multiple MR studies,[ 19 , 29 , 32 ] with the strongest association between BMI and heart failure, followed by BMI and coronary artery disease, then BMI and stroke.[ 19 , 32 ]

Another obesity-related cardiovascular disease is atrial fibrillation (AF), with evidence suggesting that obesity is an independent risk factor for AF, even after accounting for OSA.[ 41 ] Also, studies have demonstrated a strong graded association between higher BMI and the risk of persistent AF and higher BMI, with increased risk of postablation AF.[ 41 ] The mechanisms linking obesity and AF are complex and incompletely understood, with increased left atrial and ventricular abnormalities, altered haemodynamics, increased epicardial and pericardial fat, inflammation, and metabolic and neurohormonal abnormalities being the potential causal mechanisms.[ 41 ] This causal relationship is similarly supported by MR studies which consistently show that genetically predicted BMI is associated with AF.[ 19 , 32 , 42 ]

In Singapore, a longitudinal study involving 2,605 Chinese participants found that the adjusted HR for cardiovascular and stroke mortality was highest in the group with obesity (BMI ≥30 kg/m 2 ) among those aged ≥65 years,[ 43 ] which is consistent with the association between obesity and increased incidence of cardiovascular diseases.

Obstructive sleep apnoea and hypoventilation syndrome

The increased intra-abdominal and intrathoracic pressure as a result of excessive adiposity impedes inflation of the lung, which can significantly affect the lung function, thereby leading to hypoventilation and ventilation–perfusion imbalance.[ 44 ] A constellation of obesity, daytime hypoventilation characterised by hypercapnia and hypoxaemia, and sleep-disordered breathing, without an alternative cause for hypoventilation, is known as OHS, with an estimated prevalence of 8%–20% in patients with obesity who were referred to sleep centres for evaluation of sleep-disordered breathing.[ 45 ]

The most common sleep-disordered breathing in such patients and people with obesity is OSA, as fat accumulation around the upper airways predisposes to the collapse of these airways.[ 44 ] About 50% of people with OSA have obesity, and approximately 40%–90% of people who are overweight suffer from OSA.[ 44 , 45 ] Consistent with epidemiological observations and genetic correlation (between OSA and BMI), an MR study shows that genetically predicted BMI is strongly associated with OSA, supporting the causal effect of BMI on OSA.[ 46 ] In Singapore, a study based on 587 Chinese participants reported that people with OSA had significantly higher BMI, and also BMI remained an important predictor of OSA after adjusting for hypertension and smoking,[ 47 ] in line with the overall evidence.

Polycystic ovary syndrome

Obesity is strongly associated with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS),[ 48 ] which is characterised by reproductive dysfunction (oligo-amenorrhoea, infertility), hyperandrogenism (hirsutism, acne, androgenic alopecia and biochemical hyperandrogenism) and a polycystic ovarian morphology (high antral follicle counts or increased ovarian volume).[ 49 ] Up to 88% of women with PCOS are overweight or obese,[ 48 ] with a meta-analysis showing that women with obesity had a twofold to threefold higher risk for PCOS when compared to women without obesity.[ 50 ] The pathogenesis of PCOS involves primarily insulin resistance, with the ensuing secondary hyperinsulinaemia resulting in enhanced steroidogenesis in the ovaries, particularly androgen production.[ 48 ] Hence, the insulin-resistant milieu associated with obesity can lead to the development of PCOS. This causal effect of obesity on PCOS is supported by MR studies,[ 32 , 51 ] with one MR study suggesting that this effect is predominantly metabolic in nature.[ 32 ] In Singapore, a study based on a multiethnic population of 389 participants reported that women with PCOS had significantly higher BMI compared to women without PCOS,[ 52 ] consistent with the evidence.

Cognitive impact and dementia

Experimental studies have shown that cellular mechanisms such as oxidative stress and inflammation can affect the brain structure and function.[ 53 ] Obesity is an established risk factor for dementia,[ 54 ] and has been associated with cognitive impairment[ 55 , 56 ] and decreased grey matter volume linked with executive functioning.[ 53 , 57 ] However, while MR studies have found causal relationships between BMI and grey matter volumes,[ 58 ] evidence for BMI and dementia has so far not been significant.[ 32 , 58 , 59 ] In Singapore, a longitudinal analysis of 1,519 cognitively normal older persons (>55 years) of Chinese ethnicity showed that central obesity was associated with a higher risk of developing mild cognitive impairment,[ 60 ] consistent with the overall evidence that higher adiposity has a negative impact on the brain.

Chronic kidney disease

Excess adiposity results in pathological processes such as lipotoxicity, inflammation, oxidative stress and activation of the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system, leading to glomerular and tubular injuries (obesity-induced nephropathy).[ 61 ] Multiple MR studies have confirmed this causal relationship between obesity and kidney disease,[ 32 , 62 , 63 ] including one study conducted in an East Asian population using BMI-associated variants validated in East Asia.[ 63 ] In Singapore, longitudinal gain in adiposity was associated with progressive renal decline in a prospective multiethnic cohort with T2DM, suggesting that increasing adiposity would lead to adverse renal outcomes over time.[ 64 ]

Obesity is known to be associated with 13 types of cancers: oesophageal adenocarcinoma, renal cell carcinoma, postmenopausal breast cancer, endometrial cancer, colorectal cancer, meningioma, multiple myeloma, and cancer of the gastric cardia, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, ovary and thyroid.[ 65 ] In Singapore, these obesity-associated cancers make up four out of the top five cancers affecting women (breast, colorectal, endometrial and ovarian) and two of the top five cancers affecting men (colorectal and liver).[ 66 ] Potential mechanisms of increased cancer risk in obesity include hyperinsulinaemia, chronic inflammation and oestrogen excess.[ 67 ] This causal role of obesity in cancer is supported by MR studies,[ 19 , 32 ] particularly for cancers of the digestive system, with all of them (oesophageal, colorectal, gastric, liver, gallbladder, pancreas) positively associated with genetically predicted BMI based on a meta-analysis of MR studies.[ 19 ]

Depression and anxiety

The prevalence of depression is much higher among people with obesity than that in the general population.[ 68 , 69 ] Similarly, anxiety occurs more frequently in people who are overweight or obese compared to people with normal weight, and the relationship is stronger among those who are more severely obese.[ 70 , 71 , 72 ] Research findings consistently show that people with obesity frequently suffer from psychological issues ranging from stress associated with weight-related issues, perceived weight discrimination and stigmatisation to body image dissatisfaction.[ 68 , 69 ] Additionally, there is evidence that the dysfunctional adipose tissues present in obesity result in metabolic abnormalities, such as altered glucocorticoid, adipokine, insulin, leptin and inflammatory signalling, which either directly or indirectly impact the control of emotions and mood.[ 73 , 74 ] Hence, the causal relationship between obesity and depression/anxiety is likely to have both psychological and biological components. This is supported by MR studies which demonstrate the relationship between genetically predicted BMI (and fat mass) and depression,[ 75 , 76 , 77 ] even when using a genetic instrument that omits the metabolic consequences of higher BMI.[ 75 ]

In Singapore, a study based on 83 patients with obesity at a weight management clinic reported that the prevalence of anxiety symptoms and depressive symptoms was 28% and 11%, respectively,[ 78 ] suggesting that symptoms of depression and anxiety are highly prevalent in people with obesity in Singapore and are higher than the national prevalence of depression and anxiety,[ 79 ] consistent with international data.

Severe coronavirus disease-19

The dysfunctional physiological milieu of obesity has been associated with altered lymphoid tissue integrity, shifts in leukocyte populations and proinflammatory profiles, such that immune responses and pathogen defence are impaired.[ 80 ] This is demonstrated in previous influenza outbreaks[ 81 ] and the current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, where obesity (high adiposity) is a major risk factor for severe COVID-19 (death and hospitalisation), as supported by multiple epidemiological studies worldwide[ 82 ] and MR studies[ 83 , 84 , 85 , 86 ] using data from the COVID-19 Host Genetics Initiative (an international collaboration that aims to uncover the genetic determinants of outcomes related to COVID-19 susceptibility and severity). In Singapore, where the COVID-19 mortality rate is low (<0.001),[ 87 ] a subgroup analysis of younger (<60 years) COVID-19 patients found that a BMI ≥25 kg/m 2 was significantly associated with the need for low-flow supplemental oxygen and mechanical ventilation,[ 88 ] consistent with observations internationally.

Other diseases

Other diseases with established epidemiological and strong MR evidence include asthma,[ 32 ] gastro-oesophageal reflux disease,[ 19 , 32 ] diverticular disease,[ 19 , 32 ] gallstone disease,[ 19 , 32 ] Crohn's disease,[ 19 , 89 ] osteoarthritis,[ 32 , 90 ] intervertebral degeneration (including back pain and sciatica),[ 91 , 92 ] peripheral arterial disease,[ 19 , 32 ] venous thromboembolism,[ 19 , 32 ] deep vein thrombosis,[ 19 , 32 ] aortic valve stenosis,[ 19 ] atopic dermatitis,[ 93 ] psoriasis,[ 32 ] gout[ 32 ] and rheumatoid arthritis.[ 32 ]

IMPACT ON MOTHER AND CHILD

Maternal obesity has been associated with adverse outcomes, including increased mortality, for both mother and child.[ 94 ] Mothers with obesity are more likely to develop pregnancy complications such as gestational hypertension, preeclampsia, gestational diabetes mellitus and thromboembolic disease, with a higher risk of preterm delivery, caesarian section, stillbirth, intrauterine growth retardation and foetus that is large for gestational age.[ 94 , 95 , 96 ] In an MR study, genetically elevated maternal BMI was associated with higher offspring birthweight, supporting a causal relationship.[ 97 ] These adverse outcomes can lead to complications and disability, with increased birth weight being associated with childhood adiposity and metabolic disorders during life.[ 94 ] Hence, the impact of obesity may extend beyond the current generation (mother) to the next generation (child). In Singapore, findings from the Growing Up in Singapore Towards Healthy Outcomes (GUSTO) study, a prospective mother–offspring birth cohort, showed that pre-pregnancy BMI and maternal obesity were associated with child size and adiposity[ 98 ] and childhood obesity,[ 99 ] respectively, confirming the generational impact of obesity.

PSYCHOSOCIAL IMPACT

Obesity negatively impacts health-related quality of life, with greater degrees of obesity associated with greater impairments.[ 100 , 101 , 102 ] While most individuals often report significant difficulties with physical and occupational functioning, many also experience problems with social functioning, such as social withdrawal[ 103 ] and social isolation.[ 104 ] This could be due to perceived negative attitudes and discrimination towards people with obesity, increased self-consciousness and self-blame for being overweight.[ 69 , 104 ] People with obesity, especially females, are often dissatisfied with their body image, which is exacerbated by society's expectation of thinness, with the degree of dissatisfaction positively correlated with the amount of excess weight.[ 102 , 105 , 106 ] Taken together, obesity can negatively impact an individual's self-esteem,[ 69 ] thereby affecting self-efficacy,[ 107 ] possibly resulting in a vicious circle and downward spiral.

ECONOMIC IMPACT

There are substantially higher healthcare utilisation and medical costs among people who are overweight or obese due to treatment of medical conditions caused by excess adiposity and for direct obesity treatments, which may include weight loss surgeries and medications.[ 108 ] In addition to direct medical costs, there is also an increase in indirect costs as a result of increased absenteeism (workdays missed due to illness or injury) and presenteeism (reduced productivity while working).[ 109 ]

The economic burden of overweight and obesity has been well described and quantified in North America,[ 108 , 110 ] Europe,[ 111 , 112 , 113 , 114 ] Brazil,[ 115 ] Australia,[ 116 , 117 ] China[ 118 ] and Saudi Arabia,[ 119 ] with an estimated cost of 0.8%–2.4% of gross domestic product (GDP) in 2019 based on eight countries.[ 120 ] As for Singapore, a recent study has attempted to quantify the economic burden of overweight and obesity.[ 121 ] Using econometric methods and cross-sectional data from the Singapore Epidemiology of Eye Diseases (SEED) cohort, which includes measured height and weight, self-reported healthcare utilisation and absenteeism/presenteeism (based on a modified version of the Work Productivity Activity Impairment questionnaire), the incremental per capita and aggregate direct and indirect costs of excess weight among a multiethnic population of older adults (aged 40–80) were estimated.

Among Chinese, individuals who were overweight missed one additional workday per year compared to those who were of normal weight. Individuals in the obese category had SGD720 per year greater medical expenditures, but missed workdays were not statistically different from those in the normal weight category. Among Indians, differences were not significant between normal and overweight categories, but Indians in the obese category incurred an additional SGD310 per year in absenteeism costs than those of normal weight. For Malays, no significant differences by BMI category were identified.[ 121 ]

In aggregate, the predicted total medical expenditures attributable to overweight and obesity in Singapore were estimated to be SGD178 million, representing 1.6% of Singapore's total healthcare expenditures (SGD11,300 million in 2019). This figure is on the low end of published estimates, which range between 2.9% and 9.7% of the total healthcare spending.[ 121 ] Including absenteeism increases this estimate to SGD261 million, although this estimate is likely to be conservative because it does not include costs for presenteeism (reduced productivity while working), retraining, injuries or other costs resulting from excess weight in the workplace.[ 121 ] By ethnicity, Malays are responsible for 19% of the total costs of excess weight, even though they make up only 12% of the Singapore population.[ 121 ] This disproportionate burden is consistent with the disproportionately higher rates of overweight and obesity among Malays.[ 3 ]

LIMITATIONS OF REVIEW

First, this review discussed mainly the impact of adult obesity, with a focus on diseases that have shown a strong relationship with obesity, especially those supported by MR studies. Hence, the impact of paediatric obesity is not discussed and not all diseases have been covered. Second, not all the diseases supported by evidence from MR studies were discussed in detail. Nonetheless, they are listed in the section ’Other diseases’ and included in Figure 1 . Third, interventional studies which show significant weight loss-improving health outcomes were not discussed. These studies, by showing the positive impact of weight loss, would have further supported the negative impact of obesity. Lastly, while there are some MR studies based on Asian cohorts, the majority of MR studies were based on genetic data derived from individuals of European ancestry or large cohorts that were predominantly European. Hence, the inference of causality may be limited in non-European populations.

As discussed, obesity is strongly related to more than 50 medical conditions [summarised in Figure 1 ], with evidence from MR studies to support causality for many of these conditions. Based on the 2017 Global Burden of Diseases study, the top four causes (cardiovascular diseases, cancers, musculoskeletal disorders and mental disorders) of disability-adjusted life years in Singapore account for more than 50% of the total burden,[ 7 ] with many of the common conditions in these four causes related to obesity. Hence, the clinical, social and economic burdens of obesity are considerable, potentially impacting future generations as well. This review, therefore, highlights the importance of an urgent and concerted effort towards the prevention and management of obesity to reduce the burden of obesity.

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Research Obesity

Obesity in america: research obesity, start learning about your topic.

It's important to begin your research learning something about your subject; in fact, you won't be able to create a focused, manageable thesis unless you already know something about your topic.

Use the words below to search for useful information in  books  including eBooks and  articles  at the MJC Library.

• overweight persons
• morbid obesity

Top Picks for Background Reading:

All of these resources are free for MJC students, faculty, & staff. 

• CQ Researcher Online This link opens in a new window This is the resource for finding original, comprehensive reporting and analysis to get background information on issues in the news. It provides overviews of topics related to health, social trends, criminal justice, international affairs, education, the environment, technology, and the economy in America.
• Gale eBooks This link opens in a new window Use this database for preliminary reading as you start your research. You'll learn about your topic by reading authoritative topic overviews on a wide variety of subjects.
• Issues & Controversies This link opens in a new window This is a great database to use when you want to explore different viewpoints on controversial or hot-button issues. It includes reports on more than 800 hot topics in business, politics, government, education, and popular culture. Use the search or browse topics by subject or A to Z.

Create Research Questions to Focus Your Topic

Obesity is a complex issue with many causes and consequences. You could concentrate on one set of issues and do in-depth research on that or use several of the questions below to focus on the topic of obesity more generally.

• Is obesity a serious problem?
• What factors cause obesity?
• Is obesity hereditary?
• Is obesity harmful to your health?
• Is obesity a physical or mental health issue?
• What are the economic consequences to society of obesity?
• Who should take responsibility for obesity?
• What steps should be taken to fight obesity?
• Should sodas and junk food be banned in school cafeterias?
• Based on what I have learned from my research what do I think about the issue of obesity in America?

Find Articles in Library Databases

All of these resources are free for MJC students, faculty, & staff. 

If you're working from off campus, you'll need to sign in just like you do for your MJC email and Canvas classes.  

• Gale Databases This link opens in a new window Search over 35 databases simultaneously that cover almost any topic you need to research at MJC. Gale databases include articles previously published in journals, magazines, newspapers, books, and other media outlets.
• EBSCOhost Databases This link opens in a new window Search 22 databases simultaneously that cover almost any topic you need to research at MJC. EBSCO databases include articles previously published in journals, magazines, newspapers, books, and other media outlets.
• Nursing & Health Databases @ MJC Select a database from our list of nursing & health databases
• Facts on File Databases This link opens in a new window Facts on File databases include: Issues & Controversies , Issues & Controversies in History , Today's Science , and World News Digest .
• Access World News This link opens in a new window Search the full-text of editions of record for local, regional, and national U.S. newspapers as well as full-text content of key international sources. This is your source for The Modesto Bee from January 1989 to the present. Also includes in-depth special reports and hot topics from around the country. To access The Modesto Bee , limit your search to that publication. more... less... Watch this short video to learn how to find The Modesto Bee .

Search the Web

Use the Web to explore cutting-edge topics and to read current information.

Google Scholar is a great way to use Google to find scholarly information on the Web. Search Google Scholar below:

You may also be interested in these two relevant and reliable Website below:

• Overweight and Obesity From the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, this site provides data and statistics on obesity.
• Obesity: MedlinePlus Produced by the National Library of Medicine, MedlinePlus brings you information about diseases, conditions, and wellness issues in language you can understand. MedlinePlus offers reliable, up-to-date health information, anytime, anywhere, for free.

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How To Write A Strong Obesity Research Paper?

Table of Contents

Obesity is such a disease when the percent of body fat has negative effects on a person’s health. The topic is very serious as obesity poisons the lives of many teens, adults and even children around the whole world.

Can you imagine that according to WHO (World Health Organization) there were 650 million obese adults and 13% of all 18-year-olds were also obese in 2016? And scientists claim that the number of them is continually growing.

There are many reasons behind the problem, but no matter what they are, lots of people suffer from the wide spectrum of consequences of obesity.

Basic guidelines on obesity research paper

Writing any research paper requires sticking to an open-and-shut structure. It has three basic parts: Introduction, Main Body, and Conclusion.

According to the general rules, you start with the introduction where you provide your reader with some background information and give brief definitions of terms used in the text. Next goes the thesis of your paper.

The thesis is the main idea of all the research you’ve done written in a precise and simple manner, usually in one sentence.

The main body is where you present the statements and ideas which disclose the topic of your research.

In conclusion, you sum up all the text and make a derivation.

How to write an obesity thesis statement?

As I’ve already noted, the thesis is the main idea of your work. What is your position? What do you think about the issue? What is that you want to prove in your essay?

Answer one of those questions briefly and precisely.

Here are some examples of how to write a thesis statement for an obesity research paper:

• The main cause of obesity is determined to be surfeit and unhealthy diet.
• Obesity can be prevented no matter what genetic penchants are.
• Except for being a problem itself, obesity may result in diabetes, cancers, cardiovascular diseases, and many others.
• Obesity is a result of fast-growing civilization development.
• Not only do obese people have health issues but also they have troubles when it comes to socialization.

20 top-notch obesity research paper topics

Since the problem of obesity is very multifaceted and has a lot of aspects to discover, you have to define a topic you want to cover in your essay.

How about writing a fast food and obesity research paper or composing a topic in a sphere of fast food? Those issues gain more and more popularity nowadays.

A couple of other decent ideas at your service.

• The consequences of obesity.
• Obesity as a mental problem.
• Obesity and social standards: the problem of proper self-fulfilment.
• Overweight vs obesity: the use of BMI (Body Mass Index).
• The problem of obesity in your country.
• Methods of prevention the obesity.
• Is lack of self-control a principal factor of becoming obese?
• The least obvious reasons for obesity.
• Obesity: the history of the disease.
• The effect of mass media in augmentation of the obesity level.
• The connection between depression and obesity.
• The societal stigma of obese people.
• The role of legislation in reducing the level of obesity.
• Obesity and cultural aspect.
• Who has the biggest part of the responsibility for obesity: persons themselves, local authorities, government, mass media or somebody else?
• Why are obesity rates constantly growing?
• Who is more prone to obesity, men or women? Why?
• Correlation between obesity and life expectancy.
• The problem of discrimination of the obese people at the workplace.
• Could it be claimed that such movements as body-positive and feminism encourage obesity to a certain extent?

Best sample of obesity research paper outline

An outline is a table of contents which is made at the very beginning of your writing. It helps structurize your thoughts and create a plan for the whole piece in advance.

…Need a sample?

Here is one! It fits the paper on obesity in the U.S.

Introduction

• Hook sentence.
• Thesis statement.
• Transition to Main Body.
• America’s modern plague: obesity.
• Statistics and obesity rates in America.
• Main reasons of obesity in America.
• Social, cultural and other aspects involved in the problem of obesity.
• Methods of preventing and treating obesity in America.
• Transition to Conclusion.
• Unexpected twist or a final argument.
• Food for thought.

Specifics of childhood obesity research paper

A separate question in the problem of obesity is overweight children.

It is singled out since there are quite a lot of differences in clinical pictures, reasons and ways of treatment of an obese adult and an obese child.

Writing a child obesity research paper requires a more attentive approach to the analysis of its causes and examination of family issues. There’s a need to consider issues like eating habits, daily routine, predispositions and other.

Top 20 childhood obesity research paper topics

We’ve gathered the best ideas for your paper on childhood obesity. Take one of those to complete your best research!

• What are the main causes of childhood obesity in your country?
• Does obesity in childhood increase the chance of obesity in adulthood?
• Examine whether a child’s obesity affects academic performance.
• Are parents always guilty if their child is obese?
• What methods of preventing childhood obesity are used in your school?
• What measures the government can take to prevent children’s obesity?
• Examine how childhood obesity can result in premature development of chronic diseases.
• Are obese or overweight parents more prone to have an obese child?
• Why childhood obesity rates are constantly growing around the whole world?
• How to encourage children to lead a healthy style of life?
• Are there more junk and fast food options for children nowadays? How is that related to childhood obesity rates?
• What is medical treatment for obese children?
• Should fast food chains have age limits for their visitors?
• How should parents bring up their child in order to prevent obesity?
• The problem of socializing in obese children.
• Examine the importance of a proper healthy menu in schools’ cafeterias.
• Should the compulsory treatment of obese children be started up?
• Excess of care as the reason for childhood obesity.
• How can parents understand that their child is obese?
• How can the level of wealth impact the chance of a child’s obesity?

Childhood obesity outline example

As the question of childhood obesity is a specific one, it would differ from the outline on obesity we presented previously.

Here is a sample you might need. The topic covers general research on child obesity.

• The problem of childhood obesity.
• World’s childhood obesity rates.
• How to diagnose the disease.
• Predisposition and other causes of child obesity.
• Methods of treatment for obese children.
• Preventive measures to avoid a child’s obesity.

On balance…

The topic of obesity is a long-standing one. It has numerous aspects to discuss, sides to examine, and data to analyze.

Any topic you choose might result in brilliant work.

How can you achieve that?

Follow the basic requirements, plan the content beforehand, and be genuinely interested in the topic.

Option 2. Choose free time over struggle on the paper. We’ve got dozens of professional writers ready to help you out. Order your best paper within several seconds and enjoy your free time. We’ll cover you up!

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Obesity - Free Essay Examples And Topic Ideas

Obesity is a medical condition in which excess body fat has accumulated to an extent that it may have a negative effect on health. Essays on obesity could explore its causes, the health risks associated, and the societal costs. Discussions might also revolve around various interventions to address obesity at an individual and community level. We have collected a large number of free essay examples about Obesity you can find at PapersOwl Website. You can use our samples for inspiration to write your own essay, research paper, or just to explore a new topic for yourself.

Problem: Childhood Obesity in America

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Childhood Obesity Parents are the Blame

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Social Media and Body Image Essay

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We will write an essay sample crafted to your needs.

Childhood Obesity – Causes and Potential Long-Term Effects

Abstract There is growing concern about the state of children’s health. Every year there is an increase in the number of overweight and obese children. What causes this and what does it mean for them long-term? There are many contributing factors to children’s weight issues. Some of these factors are limited access to healthy food, more time spent in front of a screen, and less physical activity. Long-term health affects include a rising risk of Type 2 diabetes, coronary heart […]

How are Fast Food Advertising and Childhood Obesity Related

By 1950s, fast food industry boom was in full swing. It was secured in 1951. In the 1950s, McDonald has become a staple of the American diet. Fast food restaurants have been grown more and more and by now, there are over one hundred and sixty thousands fast food restaurants in the United States, becoming a one hundred and ten billion dollar industry. One can’t deny that fast food has become really important in American life nowadays. Whether Americans are […]

History of Type II Diabetes

Type II Diabetes Abstract This paper explores the disease Type II Diabetes and the many components it has. Type II Diabetes affects many people around the world, but is different than most diseases because it is not transferred by genetics. This form of diabetes is brought upon by unhealthy lifestyle choices which makes it unique because living a healthier life can make it go away. When Type II Diabetes affects someone, they are not able to control their blood sugar […]

Childhood Obesity is an Epidemic in the USA

Introduction Childhood obesity has become an epidemic in the United States and other western industrialized societies. "Childhood obesity affects more than 18 percent of children in the United States, making it the most common chronic disease of childhood" (Obesity Action Coalition). According to the OAC, the percentage of children suffering from childhood obesity has tripled since 1980. A child is considered obese if their body mass index for their age is greater than 95 percent. Childhood obesity is both an […]

Childhood Obesity Today

In America, childhood obesity is on a rise today. Children can gain obsessive weight because of environmental factors. Vending machines, low cost on snacks, and a increase in the fast food chain are contributing factors towards obesity. Genetics can also play a part in childhood obesity. Many children come from a generation of overweight families. Most parents don't see the harm in letting their children gain tons of weight. Obesity can cause many health problems. Childhood obesity affects the health […]

History and Types of Diabetes

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Childhood obesity is still rising in this nation. One out of three Americans is obese. The outlook for children is not much better, as adolescent obesity has quadrupled over the last thirty years. "As of 2012, almost 18 percent of children aged 6-11 years were obese" (Newman, 1). Despite the considerable public awareness of the negative impacts of obesity, this challenge persists. The situation for youngsters is hardly brighter; over the last few decades, the rate of youth obesity has […]

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When trying to find out if a child is considered for obesity, they need to have a body mass index that is between the ranges of the 85th percentile and the 95th percentile. When speaking about childhood obesity it is for children between the ages of infancy and early adulthood which is eighteen years of age. Obesity is one of the most preventable diseases especially if caught early enough. There are many different reasons for the cause of childhood obesity, […]

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How To Write an Essay About Obesity

Understanding obesity.

Before writing an essay about obesity, it's crucial to understand what obesity is and its implications. Obesity is a medical condition characterized by an excess accumulation of body fat, often defined by a body mass index (BMI) of 30 or higher. It is not just a cosmetic concern but a complex health issue associated with various diseases, such as heart disease, diabetes, and high blood pressure. Start your essay by outlining the causes of obesity, which may include genetic factors, lack of physical activity, unhealthy eating patterns, and environmental and psychological factors. Discuss the global prevalence of obesity and its rise in recent decades, indicating a significant public health concern.

Developing a Thesis Statement

A strong essay on obesity should be centered around a clear, concise thesis statement. This statement should present a specific viewpoint or argument about obesity. For instance, you might discuss the societal factors contributing to the rise of obesity, analyze the effectiveness of current interventions and policies, or argue the need for a multifaceted approach to tackle this health issue. Your thesis will guide the direction of your essay and ensure a structured and coherent analysis.

Gathering Supporting Evidence

To support your thesis, gather evidence from a variety of sources, including medical studies, public health reports, and statistical data. This might include data on obesity rates in different populations, research on the health risks associated with obesity, or studies evaluating the effectiveness of diet and exercise programs. Use this evidence to support your thesis and build a persuasive argument. Be sure to consider different perspectives and address potential counterarguments.

Analyzing the Impact of Obesity

Dedicate a section of your essay to analyzing the impact of obesity. Discuss the physical health consequences, such as increased risk of chronic diseases, as well as the psychological and social implications, including stigma and reduced quality of life. Consider the economic burden of obesity on healthcare systems and society. This analysis should provide a comprehensive understanding of the far-reaching effects of obesity.

Concluding the Essay

Conclude your essay by summarizing the main points of your discussion and restating your thesis in light of the evidence provided. Your conclusion should tie together your analysis and emphasize the significance of addressing obesity as a critical public health issue. You might also want to suggest areas for future research or propose potential strategies to combat the obesity epidemic.

Reviewing and Refining Your Essay

After completing your essay, review and edit it for clarity and coherence. Ensure that your arguments are well-structured and supported by evidence. Check for grammatical accuracy and ensure that your essay flows logically from one point to the next. Consider seeking feedback from peers, healthcare professionals, or educators to further refine your essay. A well-written essay on obesity will not only demonstrate your understanding of the issue but also your ability to engage with complex health and societal challenges.

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What Is the Cause of Rising Obesity in the America Essay

Introduction. thesis statement, the reasons for rising obesity in america, chemicals become the components of the healthy food, secondary causes of overweight, conclusions. thesis restatement, works cited.

Over the past fifty years, the number of fat children that will become overweight adults has grown exponentially. Among all countries, the United States has the biggest rate of obesity. “While many other countries have experienced significant increases in obesity, no other developed country is quite as heavy as the United States” (Cutler, Glaeser, and Shapiro 93). The proclamation of adiposity as a national “obesity epidemic” is not an overstatement. Among the main reasons for overweight are abundant portions, an increase of junk food, lack of sleep, even air-conditioning. All of them are well known, but not deeply explored. Moreover, the latest researches show that not all of the above listed provoke obesity. The increase of obesity in America turned into an epidemic, because of abundant food consumption and physical inactivity, resulting in the growth of sick people over the past half-century.

Body Mass Index (BMI) is the fundamental measure of overweight. BMI is the ratio of weight in kilograms to the height in meters squared. “Optimal BMI levels are generally believed to lie between 20 and 25” (Cutler et. al 95). If the BMI level is less than 20, the person is considered thin. The ratio between 25 and 30 shows an overweight. The BMI 30 reveals obesity.

Most agree that there are two main reasons for getting overweight: lack of physical activity and excessive consumption of food. The deficiency of energy balance causes fatness. Energy balance consists of absorbed and burned energy. The calories consumed transform into energy. The energy used for everyday life maintenance is burned energy. Elementary energy accounting explains the mechanism of getting overweight. The balance of calories consumed must be equal to or less than the energy used. There are three common ways of burning calories: metabolism, digesting, and physical activity. The basal metabolism consumes around 60 percent of the energy to keep the body alive. Digesting also requires some amount of energy for food processing. The third way of burning calories is physical activity. Here the first contradiction comes.

According to the latest researches, the average American exercises more than people used to do in the 60s, the consumption of fresh fruits and vegetables has grown due to the decrease in prices. But, “the prevalence of obesity has increased rapidly over the last decades” (Sturm and An 338). According to the above, the lifestyle and the diet became healthier, but still the “obesity epidemic” is growing. The explanation of this conflict gives the production industry. The usage of various chemicals impacts the rate of overweight. One of these chemicals is now known as an obesogen. The term obesogen was firstly implemented in 2005 by Dr. Bloomberg and applied to the different chemicals (Henig par. 7). The obesogens are working in three different ways depending on the particular body. Firstly, it changes the number of fat cells, or adipocytes, as well as a fat storage capacity. Secondly, it affects metabolism by decreasing the number of burned calories. And, thirdly, obesogen influences a feeling of fullness and hunger. Unfortunately, avoiding obesogens is almost impossible. The products of everyday life, such as shampoos, detergents, scented candles, are full of this chemical. Even leafy vegetables, which are among the healthiest food, are often treated with substances that can cause adiposity.

In his researches, Dr. Bloomberg fed a mouse with a dose of chemical and found that its offsprings are with greater fat storage than the offsprings of a mouse with a ration without chemicals. Moreover, this pathology was observed even in the second and third generations of an obese mouse. Thus, the scientist made a conclusion “once it’s in the great-grandchildren, it’s permanent” (qt. in Henig par. 10). Obesogens are highly dangerous for the fast-growing body affecting both the fetus in the womb and the infants. If an insignificant dose of chemical leads to the genetic changes of descendants, obesity can be considered as genetic heredity. Notwithstanding, there is no officially confirmed evidence related to the people. “While a person may have a genetic predisposition toward a certain body type, the fact that each succeeding generation is heavier than the last proves that changes in our environment are playing the key role” (Griffin par. 7). An author explains that the way of modern life minimized the amount of physical activity but increased the amount of junk food in the human diet.

Besides primary causes of obesity, there are several minors. The impact of chemicals has been already discussed above. But there are other reasons, including an inactive lifestyle, a variety of fast-food restaurants, and an environment, which causes obesity. Modern conveniences along with comfort brought a problem of overweight. Instead of going to work on foot Americans use cars. The deficiency of physical education in schools resulted in the growth of a number of fat children. People, who consume many calories per day without doing any sports are more likely to have certain health problems than those who include activities in their everyday life. The reasons for an inactive lifestyle, besides the obvious personal habits, also include external obstacles. Thus, the lack of parks, sidewalks, and gyms complicates the possibility of doing activities.

Another reason for growing obesity is an oversized portion. Americans got used to unlimited food consumption. In restaurants, fast food places, in the supermarkets, even at home people eat much more than needed for keeping optimal energy balance. Eventually, the overabundance of consumed calories together with physical inactivity causes significant weight gain. Even lack of sleep increases the risk of adiposity. Sleeping fewer hours than needed leads to hormonal metabolism. As a result, the level of hormone, which handles the feeling of hunger, ghrelin, decreases. Furthermore, the lack of sleep increases the sugar level in the blood causing sugar diabetes.

The next cause of obesity refers rather to the economic and geographic situation than to social. Food became more affordable, according to the analysis of senior economists from Illinois University. “Americans now have the cheapest food in history when measured as a fraction of disposable income. In the 1930s, Americans spent one-quarter of their disposable income on food, dropping to one-fifth in the 1950s” (Sturm and An 342). Indeed, it resulted in abundant consumption of both healthy and junk food. David M. Cutler with colleagues came to a similar conclusion related to time. “Reductions in the time cost of food preparation should lead to an increase in the amount of food consumed” (Cutler, Glaeser, and Shapiro 107). On the other hand, there are particular urban areas, “food deserts”, where people have no selection of healthy food. But they are still prone to obesity. It means that the availability of attractive fresh products does not relate to obesity. The consumption of junk food, instead of fresh fruits and vegetables, as it is recommended by nutritionists, not yet guarantees the obeseness.

The excessive intake of calories and lack of physical activity are the only causes of obesity. The same conclusion was made by Roland Sturn and Ruopeng An: “preventing obesity is not about eating more food, regardless of how many nutrients it provides, but consuming less energy or expending more” (343). Another misconception is the idea that low-fat food cannot cause obesity. As the Doctor of Medicine noticed, “people took the low-fat message and decided that it meant that as long as they ate things that were low-fat, they could eat as much as they wanted” (qt. in Griffin par. 14). Unfortunately, there is an essential shortcoming in this theory as it does not take into account the number of calories consumed. Some low-fat snacks, introduced as a dietary product, have more calories than their original equivalent.

In the 60s years of the twentieth century, an average American weighted 1.2 times less than now. The weight increase, which has been observed before, was considered as a health increase while now it is recognized as health reduction. Nowadays, the level of obesity is much higher than medical institutions determined and keeps rising. Due to changes in nutrition and the modern inactive lifestyle, the increase of obesity in America turned into an epidemic. The prevention of obesity is much easier than the follow-up treatment of disease caused by being overweight. Sometimes, only two changes in the lifestyle, a decrease of calories consumed together with some sports activities, are the clues to a happy and healthy life.

Cutler M., David, Glaeser L., Edward and Jesse M. Shapiro. “Why Have Americans Become More Obese?” Journal of Economic Perspectives 17.3 (2003): 93-118. Print.

Griffin R., Morgan. n.d. Obesity Epidemic “Astronomical”. n.d. Web. 2015.

Henig, Robin 2013, What’s Making America So Fat? Web. 2015.

Sturm, Roland and Ruopeng An. “Obesity and Economic Environments”. CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians 64.5 (2014): 337-350. Print.

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