case study on home automation in iot

• Technologies

IoT home automation: 7 use cases, technologies & examples

November 21, 2023

• Internet of things
• IoT home automation

With 25+ years of experience in software development, Itransition can swiftly integrate IoT technologies into your smart home business, ensuring the safety and security of the implemented solutions.

Table of contents

• Market state
• Real-life examples
• IoT architecture

Internet of Things for home automation: market overview

The global smart home automation market is under the sway of advanced technologies. Still, many people perceive smart homes as a luxurious lifestyle rather than a necessity, so it can be challenging for users to relate the high costs of smart home appliances and their actual necessity. Though on a staggering basis, the market is growing.

The expected value of the global smart home market by 2028

Markets and Markets

The revenue share of the home security and access control segment

Grand View Research

The CAGR of the fastest-growing Asia Pacific segment from 2023 to 2030

IoT in home automation: real-life examples

Iot solutions for lg.

A home electronic and appliance leader, LG provides its customers with an interactive LG ThinQ application to control refrigerators, laundry machines, air conditioners, and vacuum cleaners. LG IoT products are powered with voice control capabilities, an AI platform, and machine learning technologies. Smart devices can receive voice commands connected with Alexa or Google Assistant.

• Smart refrigerators

With the LG ThinQ refrigerator, users can remotely control its temperature, adjust the speed of the ice maker, get a smart diagnosis of fridge condition, track food in the fridge, and receive alerts on the products’ expiration date or the door left open.

• Smart laundry

Using the ThinQ application, users can start and finish washing cycles remotely, select an optimal washing and drying cycle, and receive notifications on scheduled appliance maintenance.

• Smart air conditioner and humidifier

LG ThinQ enables users to start the device from anywhere, manage and monitor it, and stay informed about indoor air quality using a smartphone.

5G IoT Smart Lock

Smart lighting from philips hue.

Image Title: Philips Hue smart lighting Image Source: Philips Hue

Smart Irrigation System from Gardena

Top 7 iot use cases in home automation.

IoT-powered smart homes bring the house of the future closer to reality. Here are the top use cases of how IoT tech in smart homes is raising the standard of living.

Temperature control

Home routines

Safety sensors

Security Systems

Apps of IoT in Smart Homes

Security cameras

Safety systems, smart locks, smart appliances, iot architecture for smart homes.

IoT architecture can vary from smart house to smart house, but it still follows a widely accepted general IoT architecture layout.

1   Device level

The device layer encompasses all interconnected smart devices and home appliances with sensors and actuators. The devices include smart lighting, video cameras, kitchen appliances, smart mirrors, air conditioning systems, and smart locks. Depending on the type, sensors catch and transmit the required information to the processing center. Sensors include humidity, motion, temperature, and gate control trackers. Conversely, actuators perform specific actions generated in the processing center on the IoT smart home devices, like switching off a light or turning on the HVAC or the washing machine.

2   Network layer

The network layer includes communication protocols that IoT devices in a smart home use to communicate with each other, cloud storage, and mobile applications. Smart home devices use wireless technologies, such as Wi-Fi or cellular connection (4G/5G) to connect smart devices to the internet and cloud databases, or short-range communication protocols such as Zigbee or Bluetooth, for example, to communicate with each other, or Ethernet to connect with the home router.

3   Edge processing layer

The edge processing layer is not obligatory, but with the advancement of technology, more and more IoT manufacturers include edge computing capabilities in their devices. Edge devices can process the received data from sensors closer to their source without transmitting all the information to the cloud for further processing. Edge computing provides for faster and more cost-efficient IoT device utilization.

4   Cloud data management

Despite the progressive edge computing development, IoT systems require a database for information storage and IoT-driven analytics. The cloud layer organizes vast amounts of data from IoT devices and acts as a central storage and processing hub. It ensures data safety and accessibility for analysis and decision-making.

5   Application layer

At the application level, all the gathered data is presented to the IoT users or used as a source for automation decisions. IoT solutions for smart homes usually require a mobile application to access IoT-generated data. Users get insights into home conditions and manage smart home devices and appliances.

Want to integrate IoT into your home automation solutions?

Iot cloud platforms we use.

AWS IoT offers a full suite of services, from effective data processing and analytics to seamless device connection and control.

Data services

• AWS IoT Events for event monitoring
• AWS IoT Analytics for data analysis
• AWS IoT SiteWise to process facility data
• AWS IoT Twin Maker for building digital twins

Control services

• AWS IoT Core for connecting IoT devices
• AWS IoT Device Advisor for device validation
• AWS IoT Device Defender for data security
• AWS IoT Device Management to control IoT devices

Device services

• AWS IoT Device SDK to connect devices to AWS
• AWS IoT ExpressLink to maintain hardware modules
• AWS IoT Device Tester for automated testing
• AWS IoT Greengrass to manage edge devices

Azure IoT offers extensive services, from IoT modeling and edge computing to secure connectivity and SQL Edge deployments.

• Azure IoT Central for accelerating IoT development
• Azure Digital Twins for IoT modeling
• Azure Time Series Insights for data analysis
• Azure RTOS for establishing IoT connectivity
• Azure SQL Edge to enable IoT and IoT Edge deployments
• Azure IoT Edge to offload AI and analytics workloads to the edge
• Azure Sphere for connecting MCU-powered devices
• Azure IoT Hub for secure device management

IoT adoption challenges & solutions

Despite the many benefits IoT home automation can bring, several challenges still impede the widespread adoption of smart home technologies.

Data privacy & security

The information transmitted between IoT devices and cloud storage contains personal and highly sensitive data, so the security of IoT devices and their connection is critical. Today, smart homes are becoming more and more sophisticated, and the increasing number of IoT devices per house significantly expands the attack surface for cybercriminals.

Smart home businesses should implement various security mechanisms when developing IoT solutions to protect their clients’ sensitive data. Apart from introducing standard security protocols, data encryption, secure user authentication, and regular firmware and software updates, companies should focus on local data processing. Instead of transmitting all data to the cloud, we recommend optimizing the data flow by introducing edge computing and AI. These technologies will reduce the devices’ dependency on the cloud, shift data processing closer to its source, and reduce the amount of transmitted data.

Device connectivity & interoperability

Creating a unified home automation system can be challenging for home residents due to incompatible devices from different manufacturers and service providers. Smart home businesses, in their turn, can also struggle with device interoperability, trying to launch IoT devices into the market and acquire new audiences.

Smart home businesses should consider adopting widely used standards and communication protocols to make their devices compatible with other manufacturers’ solutions. Popular communication protocols include WiFi, Zigbee, Z-Wave, and Matter. For instance, many IoT solution manufacturers today create devices compatible with various personal assistants like Alexa, Google Assistant, and Apple Home.

System complexity & poor user experience

Less tech-savvy consumers need help with the setup and operation of IoT home automation systems, which, alongside poor device interoperability, can botch the overall user experience.

Smart home device manufacturers and software businesses should make their devices and systems user-friendly with intuitive interfaces and clear instructions for setup and operation. To get highly interoperable IoT systems and powerful apps with consistent UI, companies can entrust their development to an experienced vendor.

Maintainability

IoT systems require regular software updates and security patches. However, diagnosing and troubleshooting issues could be challenging. With a plethora of interconnected devices, pinpointing the source of an issue can be time-consuming and complex.

IoT system providers should apply robust maintenance strategies to ensure the effective performance of smart home solutions. They can apply bulk firmware updates on a farm of remote devices with the capability of a rollback. Scheduled maintenance won’t require user interaction and ensure the system’s flawless operation.

Technologies to pair with IoT in smart homes

IoT for home automation goes hand in hand with other advanced tech that improves automation and security and helps create a comfortable and personalized living environment.

Big data analysis is crucial in enabling IoT home automation. Data processing frameworks and advanced analytics tools can efficiently derive insights from massive amounts of data generated by interconnected home devices and systems. These insights can help to automate various tasks within the home environment, optimizing and personalizing the user experience.

Artificial intelligence

As technology evolves, artificial intelligence becomes inseparable from IoT-powered smart homes of the future. Learning from the home residents' habits and behavior patterns, AI can become the hidden ‘brains’ of the smart home. Recognizing patterns in the homeowners' behavior, AI helps to configure smart devices according to their preferences. Moreover, relying on the accumulated data, AI can analyze the house security system and suggest improvements to keep the home safe.

3 Edge & fog computing

Edge computing in an IoT ecosystem brings data processing closer to the sensors and IoT devices, minimizing the need to transmit data to the cloud. Fog computing is similar to edge computing in processing and storing data: information is sent to the local fog node located between the network edge and the cloud. Despite their differences, fog and edge computing greatly enhance IoT home automation systems by reducing latency, improving network bandwidth efficiency, and strengthening data security.

5 Voice recognition

Voice recognition technology enables homeowners to use natural language commands to run smart home devices and systems. Advanced machine learning models and NLP algorithms allow IoT systems to accurately interpret and execute commands. Whether it’s turning lights on, switching on music, or adjusting the thermostat, voice recognition eliminates manual interaction and gives users hands-free control of their homes.

With AR-powered IoT mobile applications, users can point their mobile devices at a building, room, or appliance to get visual overlays of their statuses, call a particular action and control the appliance directly from the screen of a single application. In addition, AR/VR allows homeowners to virtually redecorate existing interior design or visualize how a new piece of furniture will suit a room without physically moving anything.

Reshaping the way we live with IoT smart home solutions

The Internet of Things for home automation is building the future of our houses, bringing our quality of life to the next level. IoT makes our homes "smart’’, letting homeowners manage lighting, air conditioning, security systems, and home appliances with just one touch. Collecting data about users’ habits and behavior, interconnected smart devices can give valuable insights into users’ lifestyles for improvements. Moreover, advanced technologies like artificial intelligence, computer vision, and AR/VR augment IoT capabilities, allowing smart homes to learn from their users' behavior and preferences, making home automation more personalized than ever before. Do not hesitate to contact Itransition experts if you are looking for opportunities to implement an IoT-based smart home solution.

Need help selecting an optimal IoT cloud platform?

Iot in home automation: faqs, can iot devices integrate with the existing smart home systems, how can we implement iot in our smart home automation systems, what are the restraining factors for the fast and wide adoption of iot smart homes.

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Smart home automation – 7 use-case scenarios in an IoT (Internet of Things) world.

What is a smart home.

  It’s a fully connected household environment that provides its residents with an unprecedented level of control and comfort. The main purpose of smart home IOT devices is to simplify your home life, make it safer and more convenient.

In 2021, the concept of smart home automation implies much more than just remote control and automation. IoT, along with emerging technologies like AI, has opened up possibilities in home automation. Today, a smart home lives to exceed consumers’ expectations. It learns about your habits, your favourite music, room temperature, wake up timings and determine consumption patterns. These insights help provide a personalized experience at your homes.  They can be easily controlled via a smartphone app, so we don’t have to worry about our home security even when we are not there. Let’s look at the most popular ways to use Smart home IoT technologies in your home and understand what the benefits look like.

Home Automation Application and Use cases 

Today, the most widely used smart home application is home lighting. Most people know of tunable lighting that can change between warm and bright with different colour hues that suit your mood & requirement. But let’s check a few other use case scenarios for smart lights.

• As you enter your home, lights can turn on automatically without the necessity to press a button. (This can also work as a  safety feature to detect intrusions )
• The opposite is also possible as you leave your home; the system can turn the lights off automatically, thereby  saving energy.
• Home theatre  enthusiasts can have the lights programmed to automatically dim while watching a movie to provide the best viewing experience.
• Your light can turn on when your alarm rings in the morning, waking the whole household up if need be.
• All smart lighting in your home can be connected to your smartphone and other connected devices and can be voice-controlled.

Smart home automation devices can make the cooking process safer and convenient too. 

• It can turn on the lights or play soothing music when you enter the kitchen in the morning to prepare that hot, steaming cup of morning chai.
• Smart sensors can check for gas leaks, smokes, water leakages and turn off the power in the house if the indicators are outside the optimum range. 
• Appliances (refrigerators, chimneys) can be controlled through voice-activated devices. You can ask Alexa to preheat the oven to 180 degrees while you prep your cake.

Safety and Security Systems

Safety sensors identify anything wrong at your home. They can notify home users of any overlooked like an appliance left on or any potential threats immediately and even trigger necessary action to prevent them. 

• Proximity, motion & video sensors can identify if a burglar makes an attempt to break into your home and automatically turn on the panic alarm, lights and call the police.
• No more doubts or double checks on whether the doors and windows were closed or if that motor or heater are off? Smart home users can check their home state remotely through the app on their phones and control pretty much everything at home. 
• While locking the door, you can set controllers to automatically close the curtains, turn off devices and ensure your home is protected against any trespassers. 
• You can monitor your elderly relatives and automate things remotely for them if needed.

Smart home IoT technologies in the bathroom can help in power and energy savings with convenience. 

• With smart home automation, you can set your geysers to automatically turn on and off at a pre-set pattern basis your shower routine.
• This also helps make your home energy efficient by eliminating the unnecessary functioning of high power-consuming home appliances like geysers, heaters, ACs.

A smart home can be exceptionally beneficial for those plant lovers interested in growing vegetables, fruit, herbs, and indoor plants at home. 

• The technology allows users to check if the plant is adequately hydrated and receiving the necessary amount of sunlight.
• You can monitor your plant and turn on your smart irrigation system when needed. You can control and stop the watering system, thus optimizing water usage
• Smart home IoT technology has led to a real breakthrough in gardening, which will completely remodel the traditional approach to growing plants.

Temperature Control

With temperature control automation, you can optimize your ACs to provide the best experience while being energy efficient. 

• For instance, users can turn on their bedroom ACs as they drive from the office to enjoy a cool room once home after a tiring day.
• You can configure the bedroom AC with your geyser times, so once you step out from your bath, the room is ready for you.
• You can set the ACs to function based on the room temperature while you sleep at night. So you are neither cold nor hot and get a good night’s sleep.

We can safely assume the doors of our future will not need keys. Digital locks are safe and can be set to initiate a sequence of other devices in your home. 

• For instance, a door open can follow a customized sequence of actions like the light switching on; inside doors unlocked, and music and ACs are turned on.
• The entry door digital lock can identify who opened the door when. With a custom entry assigned for each individual, you can know when your kids, your hubby, or your maid reached home through notifications on your smartphones.

Retro-fit 

The most significant advantage of eGlu smart home solutions is that the patented products are retro-fit, which means:

• It is easily fittable to existing homes & electrical systems without any rewiring required.
• Scalable to new and existing homes – so you can do only a part of the home initially and extend to the rest of the house at a later stage.
• Applicable for residential & commercial buildings.

Without a doubt, home automation can significantly improve our quality of life and make our homes safer places. 

The cost could still be a barrier to entry for most Indian middle-class families. The wider adoption of the tech leading to economies of scale would reduce this barrier further. eGlu has devised affordable packages for the home user to onboard the smart home experience.

The other dependability is a strong home wi-fi network. You need to have a good broadband connection in your home to fully utilize the smart home IoT life.

But for those for whom the above are not a concern, you should transform your home into a smart home today. Click here  to contact eGlu and know more custom possibilities for your smart home.

Bridging the Gap Between Smart Home Technology and You

Smart Home Automation is the future, and why it’s time to join the revolution.

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IoT Home Automation

In this article, we will discuss the overview of IoT home automation . And will focus on smart lighting, smart appliances, intrusion detection, smoke/gas detector, etc. Let’s discuss it one by one.

• Home automation is constructing automation for a domestic, mentioned as a sensible home or smart house. In the IoT home automation ecosystem, you can control your devices like light, fan, TV, etc. 
• A domestic automation system can monitor and/or manage home attributes adore lighting, climate, enjoyment systems, and appliances. It is very helpful to control your home devices. 
• It’s going to in addition incorporates domestic security such as access management and alarm systems. Once it coupled with the internet, domestic gadgets are a very important constituent of the Internet of Things.
• A domestic automation system usually connects controlled devices to a central hub or gateway. 
• The program for control of the system makes use of both wall-mounted terminals, tablet or desktop computers, a smartphone ​application, or an online interface that may even be approachable off-site through the Internet.
• Smart Home automation refers to the use of technology to control and automate various functions in a home, such as lighting, heating, air conditioning, and security. In the context of IoT (Internet  of Things) and M2M (Machine-to-Machine) communications, home automation systems can be controlled and monitored remotely through a network connection. 
• One of the key benefits of IoT-enabled home automation is the ability to control and monitor a wide range of devices and systems from a single, centralized location, such as a smartphone or tablet. This can include everything from lighting and temperature control to security cameras and alarm systems.
• Another advantage of IoT-enabled home automation is the ability to remotely monitor and control devices, even when away from home. This can be useful for controlling energy consumption and ensuring the safety and security of the home.
• IoT-enabled home automation systems typically involve the use of smart devices, such as thermostats, light bulbs, and security cameras, that can be controlled and monitored through a centralized hub or app. These smart devices can communicate with each other and with the centralized hub using wireless protocols such as Zigbee, Z-Wave, and Bluetooth.
• In addition, IoT-enabled home automation systems can integrate with other smart home technologies, such as voice assistants like Alexa and Google Home, to provide additional functionality and convenience.
• Overall, IoT-enabled home automation can provide many benefits to homeowners, including increased convenience, energy efficiency, and security. However, it is important to ensure the security of these systems, as they may be vulnerable to hacking and other cyber threats.

Components : Here, you will see the smart home components like smart lighting, smart appliances, intrusion detection, smoke/gas detector, etc. So, let’s discuss it.

Component-1 : Smart Lighting –

• Smart lighting for home helps in saving energy by adapting the life to the ambient condition and switching on/off or dimming the light when needed.
• Smart lighting solutions for homes achieve energy saving by sensing the human movements and their environments and controlling the lights accordingly.

Component-2 : Smart Appliances –

• Smart appliances with the management are here and also provide status information to the users remotely.
• Smart washer/dryer can be controlled remotely and notify when the washing and drying are complete.
• Smart refrigerators can keep track of the item store and send updates to the users when an item is low on stock.

Component-3 : Intrusion Detection –

• Home intrusion detection systems use security cameras and sensors to detect intrusion and raise alerts.
• Alert can we inform of an SMS or an email sent to the user.
• Advanced systems can even send detailed alerts such as an image shoot or short video clips.

Component-4 : Smoke/gas detectors –

• Smoke detectors are installed in homes and buildings to detect smoke that is typically an early sign of Fire.
• It uses optical detection, ionization for Air sampling techniques to detect smoke.
• Gas detectors can detect the presence of harmful gases such as CO, LPG, etc.
• It can raise alerts in the human voice describing where the problem is.

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Home Automation Using the Internet of Things (IoT)

Read the tutorial blog on how to implement Home Automation using IoT. It covers the software, hardware, sensors, protocols, architecture, and platforms.

Table of Contents

Iot home automation: getting started, home automation sensors.

• Home Automation Architectures, Gateways, and Platforms

What really would compel someone to actually develop a product which is a complete IoT-based home automation system? Could it be the need to improve the safety of your home, could it be the desire to live a Jetson-like life that millennials always dreamt of.

It is difficult to say, often, it is even more difficult to visualize the technology that is required to build a home automation platform.

Due to the complexity introduced by software, hardware and networking ecosystems, it becomes extremely important to learn, understand and utilize the right home automation technology for your smart home product.

We hope to address some of the concerns with this article .

Home automation has three major parts:

• Software/Apps
• Communication protocols

Each of these parts is equally important in building a truly smart home experience for your customers. Having the right hardware enables the ability to develop your IoT prototype iteratively and respond to technology pivots with ease.

A protocol selected with the right testing and careful consideration helps your avoiding performance bottlenecks that otherwise would restrict the technology and device integration capabilities with sensors and IoT gateways.

Another important consideration is the firmware that resides in your hardware managing your data, managing data transfer, firmware OTA updates and performing other critical operations to make things talk.

Applications of home automation

Rebuilding consumer expectations, home automation has been projected to target wide array applications for the new digital consumer. Some of the areas where consumers can expect to see home automation led IoT-enabled connectivity are:

• Lighting control
• Lawn/Gardening management
• Smart Home Appliances
• Improved Home safety and security
• Home air quality and water quality monitoring
• Natural Language-based voice assistants
• Better Infotainment delivery
• AI-driven digital experiences
• Smart Switches
• Smart Locks
• Smart Energy Meters

The list is still not exhaustive and will evolve over the time to accommodate new IoT use cases.

Now that you are familiar with home automation applications, let’s have a detailed look at what components are involved in building a typical home automation prototype.

Home automation components

We have talked about them before, but, let’s clearly separate them into components that would finally help you build a realistic model of what major components are involved in building a smart home. The major components can be broken into:

• IoT Sensors
• IoT Gateways
• IoT Protocols
• IoT Firmware
• IoT Cloud and Databases
• IoT Middleware (if required)

IoT sensors involved in home automation are in thousands, and there are hundreds of home automation gateways as well. Most of the firmware is either written in C, Python, Node.Js, or any other programming language.

The biggest players in IoT cloud can be divided into a platform as a service(PaaS) and infrastructure as a service(LaaS).

Major IoT platform as a service provider:

• IBM Bluemix

Characteristics of IoT platforms

Again these platforms are extremely divided over the IoT application and security-related features that they provide. A few of these platforms are open source.

Let’s have a look at what you should expect from a typical IoT platform:

• Device security and authentication
• Message brokers and message queuing
• Device administration
• Support towards protocols like CoAP, MQTT, HTTP
• Data collection, visualization, and simple analysis capabilities
• Integrability with other web services
• Horizontal and vertical scalability
• WebSocket APIs for real time for real-time information flow

Apart from what we mentioned above, more and more platform builders are open sourcing their libraries to developers. Take for example the Dallas temperature library for DS18B20 for Arduino was quickly ported because of open source development to a new version that helped developers to integrate DS18B20 with Linkit One . Understanding these things become crucial as IoT tends to evolve continuously and having an equally responsive platform makes it business safe to proceed.

Let’s now deeply evaluate each of these components, starting with IoT sensors

There are probably thousands of such sensors out there that can be a part of this list. Since this is an introduction towards smart home technology, we will keep it brief. We will break down IoT sensors for home automation by their sensing capabilities:

Temperature sensors

• Lux sensors
• Water level sensors

Air composition sensors

• Video cameras for surveillance
• Voice/Sound sensors
• Pressure sensors
• Humidity sensors
• Accelerometers
• Infrared sensors
• Vibrations sensors
• Ultrasonic sensors

Depending upon what you need you may use one or many of these to build a truly smart home IoT product. Let’s have a look at some of the most commonly used home automation sensors.

The market is full of them, but the famous temperature sensors are DHT11/22, DS18B20, LM35 and MSP430 series from TI. MSP430 series is more accurate than the rest but at the same time is one of the most expensive for prototyping or initial product testing purposes. MSP430 tops all temperature sensors as the precision and battery consumption is minimum with them.

MSP430 tops all temperature sensors as the precision and battery consumption is minimum with them.

DHT11 has a very restricted temperature range and suffers from accuracy issues. DHT22, on the other hand, is a little bit more accurate but still, doesn’t make it as the preference.

DS18B20’s, on the other hand, are more accurate, as opposed to digital temperature sensors like DHT22 and 11, Dallas temperature sensors are analog and can be extremely accurate down to 0.5 degrees.

Take note that often the temperatures that you directly sense from these sensors may not be very accurate and you would occasionally see 1000 F or greater values no matter what you are doing.

There’s an entire logic that goes around building temperature sensors, that we will address in another blog post.

Lux Sensors

Lux sensors measure the luminosity and can be used to trigger various functions range from cross-validating movements to turn the lights on if it becomes too dark. Some of the most popular light sensors are TSL2591 and BH1750.

Recent tests to include TSL2591 and BH1750 into low-powered IoT devices have found them to be working fairly good for most of the use cases.

Here’s a study was done by Robert and Tomas that shows how these two compare against a spectrometer and a photodiode.

To get a good idea of whether these two sensors would suffice your needs we would suggest illuminance tests followed by normalization of the data to observe deviations under various situations.

Water level sensors for Home Automation

While building your prototype you may consider a solid state eTape liquid level sensor, or like others who just use an HC-SR04 ultrasonic sensor to measure the water level sensor.

On the other hand, in other cases where those two don’t suffice, one has to utilize something that can deliver a much higher performance.

Float level sensors and other ICs like LM1830 offers a more precise measurement capability to IoT developers. Although, they are substantially much more expensive than others.

There are a couple of specific sensors that are used by developers to measure specific components in the air:

• CO monitoring by MiCS-5525
• MQ-8 to measure Hydrogen gas levels
• MiCS-2714 to measure nitrogen oxide
• MQ135 to sense hazardous gas levels (NH3, NOx, Alcohol, Benzene, smoke, CO2

Most of these are sensors have a heating time, which also means that they require a certain time before they actually start delivering accurate values.

These sensors mainly rely on their surface to detect gas components. When they initially start sensing, there’s always something that’s there on their surface, some sort of deposition that requires some heating to go away.

Hence, after the surface gets heated enough true values start to show up.

Video cameras for surveillance and analytics

A range of webcams and cameras specific to Hardware development kits are usually used in such scenarios. Hardware with USB ports offers to integrate and camera module to build functionalities.

But, utilizing USB ports in not very efficient, especially in the case of real-time video transfer or any kind of video processing.

Take RaspberryPi for example, it comes with a camera module (Pi cam) that connects using a flex connector directly to the board without using the USB port. This makes the Pi cam extremely efficient.

Sound detection for Home Automation

Sound detection plays a vital role from monitoring babies to turning on and off lights automatically to automatically detecting your dog’s sound at the door and opening it up for them.

Some commonly used sensors for sound detection includes SEN-12462 and EasyVR Shield for rapid prototyping.

These sensors aren’t as good as industrial grade sensors like those from 3DSignals which can detect even ultra-low levels of noise and fine tune between various noise levels to build even machine break up patterns.

Humidity sensors for Home Automation

These sensors bring the capability of sensing humidity/RH levels in air for smart homes. The accuracy and sensing precision depends a lot on multiple factors including the overall sensor design and placement.

But certain sensors like DHT22 and 11 built for rapid prototyping would always perform poorly when compared to high-quality sensors like HIH6100 and Dig RH.

While building a product to sense humidity levels, ensure that there’s no localized layer of humidity that is obscuring the actual results. Also, keep into consideration that in certain small spaces, the humidity might be too high at one end as compared to the others.

When you look at free and open spaces where the air components can move much freely, the distribution around the sensor can be expected to be uniform and subsequently would require very less amount of corrective actions for the right calibration.

Home Automation Protocols

One of the most important parts of building a home automation product is to think about protocols, protocols that your device would use to communicate to gateways, servers, and sensors. A few years ago, the only way to do so was by either using Bluetooth, wifi or GSM. But due to added expenses on cellular sim cards, and low performance of Wifi, most such solutions didn’t work.

A few years ago, the only way to do so was by either using Bluetooth, wifi or GSM. But due to added expenses on cellular sim cards, and low performance of Wifi, most such solutions didn’t work.

Bluetooth survived and later evolved as Bluetooth Smart or Bluetooth low energy. This helped bring a lot of connectivity in the “mobile server powered economy”, in this essentially your phone would act as a middleware to fetch data from BLE powered sensors and sent it over to the internet.

When looking at the major home automation protocols, the following tops the list:

• Bluetooth low energy or Bluetooth Smart: Wireless protocol with mesh capabilities, security, data encryption algorithms and much more. Ideal for IoT-based products for smart homes.
• Zigbee: Low cost, mesh networked and low power radio frequency based protocol for IoT. Different Zigbee versions don’t talk to each other.
• X10: A legacy protocol that utilizes powerline wiring for signaling and control
• Insteon: Communicates with devices both wirelessly and with wires
• Z-wave: Specializes in home automation with an emphasis on security
• Wifi: Needs no explanation
• UPB: Uses existing power lines installed in a home, reduces costs
• Thread: A royalty-free protocol for smart home automation, uses a 6lowpan
• ANT: An ultra low power protocol helping developers build low-powered sensors with a mesh distribution capabilities.

Home Automation: Which protocol is the best?

While there are some protocols that clearly offer much more than others, but it is always important to start from your smart home development needs and then move towards narrowing down the solutions.

The commonly preferred protocols are Bluetooth low energy, Z-wave, Zigbee, and Thread. The protocol selection can now be narrowed down by the following factors:

• Ability to perform identity verification
• Quality of sensor networks
• Data transfer rate
• Security level
• Network topology required
• Density of objects around
• Effective Distance to be covered

Recommended Read: Home Automation protocols for the Internet of Things

Home Automation Architecture

This architecture supports the following considerations for home automation solutions:

• End to end security mechanisms involving multilevel authentication
• End to end data encryption, including the link layer
• Flexible and configurable access and authorization control
• Powerful cloud infrastructure
• Network agnostic with built-in feedback loops
• Configurable cloud-based rules engine
• API endpoints
• Data scalability
• NoSQL databases

Home Automation Gateways

For developing a home automation product, often stand-alone product sending data to a server is not enough. Often due to battery and protocol limitations, the data from a sensor or sensors present in a home has been routed through an IoT gateway.

To select the perfect gateway for your IoT home automation, consider some of the factors including:

• Communication protocols supported
• Real-time capabilities
• MQTT, CoAP, HTTPS support
• Security and configuration

When it comes to building IoT gateways, modularity and hybrid IoT protocol support top that list when a product is in the early stages of market introduction.

To incorporate a gateway in your home automation stack you can consider the following options:

Either create a Gateway from the ground up using existing hardware stacks for prototyping(using Raspberry Pi, Intel Edison, etc). Then when a PoC is validated you can create your own custom hardware.

Or, you can use existing gateway modules like Ingincs BLE gateway . These gateways are extremely easy to customize and connect with your cloud services and devices. However, they may or may not offer the same level of support that you need to build certain features.

For example, a gateway with a bad networking queue may result in traffic congestion, or it may not support the required protocols that you wish to use.

Further, pivoting with these gateways to some other technology stack may become very difficult. It should have been emphasized that they are extremely good for robust prototyping needs.

Home automation programming language for smart home developers

The following programming languages dominated the home automation space: Python, Embedded C, C, Shell, Go, Javascript (node.js). This has mainly happened due to the sheer optimization of the languages for similar use cases.

Home Automation frameworks

If you think you can build everything from home automation (protocols, hardware, software, etc) on your own, it is a bit unrealistic. Everyone starting from high growth startups to billion dollar consumer focused enterprises are now taking the help of home automation frameworks to build connected products to delight consumers.

Everyone starting from high growth startups to billion dollar consumer focused enterprises are now taking the help of home automation frameworks to build connected products to delight consumers.

There are more than 15 different smart home frameworks available for IoT developers to use and build their next generation of connected home products. Some of these frameworks are open source and some are closed-source. Let’s have a look at some of them in the sections that follows.

Some of these frameworks are open source and some are closed-source. Let’s have a look at some of them in the sections that follows.

Open source IoT platforms and frameworks for Home Automation

Looking forward to doing a quick and dirty prototype? There’s no need to write down everything from scratch. Thanks to a bunch of awesome contributions by people like we have open source platforms that can get your home automation products up and running in no time.

Our favorites are:

• Home Assistant
• OpenHAB: Supports Raspberry Pi, written in Java and has design tools to build your own mobile apps by tweaking UI.
• OpenMotics[Asked their developer, waiting for them to respond(dev confirmed)]
• MisterHouse
• Smarthomatic

Let’s take a look at the major home automation IoT platforms.

Home Assistant for smart home development:

Supports RaspberryPi, uses Python with OS as Hassbian. It has simplified automation rules that developers can use to build their home automation product saving them thousands of lines of code.

Home Assistant supports the following:

How home assistant works involve the following:

• Home control responsible for collecting information and storing devices
• Home automation triggers commands based on user configurations
• Smart home triggers based on past user behavior

As developers, it is very important for us to understand the architecture of Home Assistant for us to build high-performing products on top of it.

Let’s have a look at Home control’s architecture that makes control and information flow possible.

Home control consists of five components:

• State machine
• Service registry

The core architecture of Home Assistant

All of these components working together create a seamless asynchronous system for smart home IoT. In the earlier version of Home Assistant core, the core often had to stop while looking for new device information.

But, with the new versions of home assistant, a backward compatible API, and ansyn core have been introduced making things a lot faster for IoT applications.

The best part about home assistant’s core architecture is how carefully it has been designed and developed to support IoT at home.

OpenHAB for Smart home automation

OpenHAB is a home automation and IoT gateway framework for smart homes. Similar to Home Assistant, OpenHAB works nicely with Raspberry Pi and comes with their own design tools to create a UI for your home automation product.

An understanding architecture of OpenHAB:

• Modularity: It is realized with the bundle concept
• Runtime dynamics: so that software components can be managed at the runtime
• Service orientation: there are services for various components to speak with each other and exchange information

Further relying on the OGSi framework, it leverages the following layers stacked together:

• Modular layer: Manages dependencies between bundles
• Life cycle layer: controls the life cycle of the bundles
• Service layers: defines a dynamic model of communication between various modules
• Actual services: this is the application layer, using all other layers
• Security layer: optional, leverages Java 2 security architecture and manages permissions from different modules

OpenHAB features:

• Plugin framework
• Rules engine
• Logging mechanism
• UI abstraction: A tree structure for UI Widgets, Item UI providers, and dynamic UI configuration
• UI implementations are available for the web, Android, and iOS
• Designer tools availability

OpenHAB has been primarily only been observed as a project for the hobbyist programmer, even many parts of openhab.org convey the same. But, we have observed a different effort in the recent times from OpenHAB into building the developer economy for building IoT smart homes.

Takes this slowly growing Github repo talking about OpenHAB cloud for example.

Impressive enough that some open platform out there is thinking about system services, Cron jobs, logging, etc.

Further, looking at the frameworks and technologies that openHAB will support: Node.Js, Express.Js, Nginx, MongoDB, Redis, Socket.IO

Unlike Home Assistant’s vast integrability, openHAB is currently limited to:

• Amazon Alexa
• AWS EC2 [AWS Multi-AZ isn’t compatible for multiple time zone availability]
• AWS IoT with openHAB
• MQTT support

OpenHAB is extremely powerful, but at the same time very limited in terms of integration. The team behind openHAB is extremely promising and have already conveyed their plans to open up openHAB to other integration capabilities very shortly.

Calaos for Home Automation

Calaos was developed initially by a company that was closed back in 2013, but the home automation since then has lived and is being maintained and upgraded by developers. While now being open source, it facilitates premade source code to:

• Create sweet home environment
• Control music
• Automation rules that focus on time, mood or ambiance
• Easy configuration

Calaos supports the following hardware:

• RaspberryPi
• Intel-based machines

Their lack of support towards developing private IoT applications restricts their usage by developers to build high-quality solutions for consumers.

Domoticz for Home Automation

Domoticz allows you to monitor and configure your devices and sensors with the simplest possible design. Impressive enough that the entire project is extremely lightweight, it further is backed by high integrability with third parties and features like auto learning switches.

This platform has been designed to work with operating systems like Linux and Windows.

Protocol capabilities of Domoticz include:  Z-wave, Bluetooth, Apple Homekit, X10 and MQTT

Hardware integration capabilities of Domoticz:

• RFXCOM Transceiver
• ESP2866 Wifi module
• P1 smart meter
• Youless meter
• Pulse counters
• Philips Hue
• Essent E thermostat

Domiticz can be used to create any sort of services that you can think of, ranging from a smart weather device to a Telegram bot.

Domoticz architecture

Currently, very few people know about the architecture of Domoticz, making it extremely difficult to build applications on it without taking unnecessary risks in building the product itself.

For example, the entire design of general architecture feels a little weird when you look at the concept of a sensor to control to an actuator. It seems to be missing.

Building advanced application with Domoticz can be done using C++, lula, PHP, shell, etc.

Blockchain in IoT for connected home

Consumers, especially those who grew up in the digital era understand the importance of privacy and security more than millennials. With the evolution of IoT, security has taken center stage for realistic deployment scenarios.

Deployment of Blockchain into home networks can easily be done with a $35 raspberry pi. A blockchain secured layer between devices and gateways can be implemented without massive revamp of the existing code base.

Simply put, blockchain as a technology that would be an implementation that most users won’t even know about, but will play a huge role in future to reassure them with revolutionary and new business models like dynamic renting for Airbnb.

So far, interoperability issues and broken protocols seemed to have hampered the growth of IoT-based smart homes.

But, as technology is progressing and more and more computing power can be generated with very low powered devices, home automation will gradually become a technology that will easy for us to build and develop for on a daily basis.

Home automation is a big space to address in one blog post. If there’s something else that you would like, feel free to drop a comment or reach out to me on Twitter – I am @hsshah_ .

Get in touch

Hardik Shah

Working from last 10+ years into consumer and enterprise mobility, Hardik leads large scale mobility programs covering platforms, solutions, governance, standardization and best practices.

Krishna Thallavarjalla

Real Nice Blog. Thank you

Thanks Krishna!

Hi Hardirk, I am a student studying electrical and electronic engineering. And I want to delve into the field of Blockchain in IOT for election voting. I would like to be guided in that regard. Thank you.

Anjana Pindoria

Hi Hardik, I am a starter in this space and your blog is really helpful. I’m not sure If this is the right forum, but If I want to create my own smart home. What in your opinion are the minimum tools I require? I already have the Raspberry Pi starter kit and I would love to integrate what you share with a raspberry pi touchscreen. Any advice would be great

Hey @anjanapindoria:disqus You definitely use Raspberry Pi with Home-Assitant.io and create a smart home experience. What other connected components are you planning to build a smart home? (Lights, Alexa, etc)

Smith Henrry

Parth Viroja

Really Awesome content of this post. Hope new post will discover more new information.

Radhakrishnan Venkataraman

Informative for beginners and awesome content touching all the aspects of home automation.

Abhinav Gupta

Nice and Informative.

Krishna Surya S

Hi Hardik.....Happy to talk to you ......My question is what is the actual or basic cost needed for this product to develop?.....Expecting your reply .....thank you

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Inside a Connected Home: Smart Home IoT Case Study

Table of Contents

Introduction.

In our ongoing exploration of smart home technology, we have previously examined the intricacies of its hardware components , software development, and mobile apps and even pondered the future of these connected spaces . Building upon this foundation, our latest article delves into an exciting new dimension: a miniature rendition of a smart home.

In this smart home IoT case study, we will unravel the inner workings of a smart home system, identify its core components, and shed light on the collaborative effort required to bring such a project to life. 

The smart home industry is constantly evolving, offering both exciting opportunities and challenges. As more and more houses adopt the idea of connected living, the demand for strong, secure, and user-friendly solutions becomes more and more crucial. By exploring the example of smart home technology, we can catch a glimpse of this dynamic field and the innovations that are shaping our way of life.

1. Creating Compact Smart Home Demo

In the constantly changing world of smart home technology, it is crucial to have a clear understanding of how everything works and fits together. Step into Indeema's Smart Home IoT Demo, a small yet impressive creation that perfectly captures the essence of a connected home . It provides us with the opportunity to explore its inner workings with unparalleled convenience.

1.1 The Elements of the Smart Home System Demo

The Smart Home IoT Demo consists of three essential components, each with its unique role in making this compact connected home functional.

1. A House Model in a Suitcase: Imagine it as a miniature version of modern living that can be packed into a suitcase. Not only does this compact house model visually represent what a smart home could look like, but it also serves as a practical showcase for on-the-go demonstrations.

2. IoT Platform: The robust IoT platform is at the core of our smart home demo. This is the place where the magic happens, where data from different sensors and devices comes together, and where commands are carried out to provide a smooth smart home experience.

3. Mobile App: A mobile app is the user's gateway to this smart world. This app is built on the iOS platform and serves as a control centre, enabling users to interact with the smart home and experience its functionalities directly.

1.2 Interfaces for User Interaction

When it comes to user interaction, the interfaces we design have a crucial role in shaping the user experience. The smart home demo includes the following interfaces:

• Mobile App: The mobile app allows users to have control over different aspects of their smart home. They have everything at their fingertips, from adjusting climate settings to managing access control and even controlling lights and the TV.
• Web Portal: To provide a more comprehensive view and enable remote control, we created a web portal. This interface allows users to access and control the smart home through a browser, making it even more versatile.

1.3  Hands-On Demonstration of Key Smart Home Features

The process of creating a smart home is defined by important decisions. In our case, the objective was to showcase the most essential smart home features. We have chosen features that accurately represent real-life scenarios, reflecting the everyday routines and requirements of homeowners. 

• Solar Energy Harvesting: Our smart home demonstrates the incredible potential of sustainable energy sources, specifically highlighting the efficient harnessing of solar energy in a modern household.
• Smart Charging: In this era of electric vehicles and increasing concerns about sustainability, this demo showcases the convenience and eco-friendliness of smart charging solutions.
• Climate control: The comfort and energy efficiency of precise climate control demonstrate how smart homes adapt to users' preferences.
• TV and Lights Control: By simply tapping on the mobile app, users can control their entertainment and lighting, allowing them to customize their living space according to their mood.
• Access Control: Smart Home demo brings security to the forefront. It shows how Smart Lock solutions can enhance home security and convenience.

This project highlights the main IoT features that are typically found in smart home systems. However, the comfort and energy efficiency that IoT technology has brought about are truly impressive, and modern smart home projects are becoming more and more complex. 

From advanced climate control systems that adjust temperature and humidity according to users' preferences and schedules, to intelligent lighting solutions that adapt to users' moods and activities.

2. How We Build Smart Home Using IoT

Now let's jump right into the meat of it and see how the Indeema team built a smart home demo. The goal was to demonstrate how to build a smart home mini-model in order to offer helpful insights into the development process. 

In our IoT Smart Home example, we have condensed all the functionalities of a full-fledged smart home, including a living area and a garage. 

2.1 Developing Overall Architecture

At the core of the IoT Suitcase project lies a robust architecture, connecting all the components of our smart home. 

What makes this demonstration stand out is not only its small size, but also the distinctive architectural design that allows users to observe the intricate flow of signals, starting from the sensors to the central MCU (Microcontroller Unit), cloud, and finally, to the mobile application.

The sensors and devices we have selected for the smart home demonstration use various interfaces and protocols. This enables users to control and monitor devices like the main door, air conditioner, humidity sensor, lighting, EV car charger, and TV. All of this can be done through a dedicated mobile application. 

A Compact Smart Home Ecosystem

The smart home model inside the suitcase has been carefully designed to replicate a real home. It includes a single room and a garage, which contain a variety of smart devices that embody the core of modern home automation.

Signal Flow Visualization

One of the most impressive aspects of this smart home demonstration is how the components are positioned. The smart home is located in the lower part of the suitcase, and the data flow visualization panel is integrated into the cover section. When a user commands a smart home device through the mobile app, the cloud-to-MCU and MCU-to-device message paths are visually indicated with running lights that show the direction of data flow.

Web Dashboard

A web dashboard is another way to access real-time and recent historical data from smart home devices. It enables the analysis of trends over time and aids in identifying usage patterns.

This hands-on experience offers a one-of-a-kind opportunity to grasp the intricate workings of a smart home system.

2.2  Selecting and Integrating Smart Devices

Building a smart home naturally requires careful consideration of every sensor and device. Let's explore the hardware and control methods that enable this smart home demo.

Hardware Components:

1. Servo Motor: A key component that enables the movement of objects like the main door, providing remote access control.

2. DC Motor: Used for applications such as controlling blinds or curtains, offering a seamless integration into the smart home system.

3. A humidity sensor, capable of monitoring both temperature and humidity, provides essential information for ensuring comfort within the smart home.

4. LED Strip: allows to create dynamic lighting and ambiance, enhancing the smart home experience.

5. Multicolor Battery Capacity Indicator Module: a vital component for monitoring and managing the power supply of various devices within the smart home, such as charging stations.

6. A display interface providing a user-friendly summary of the state of the entire smart house.

Interface and Control Methods:

1. PWM (Pulse Width Modulation): used to control different devices such as servo and DC motors, enabling precise and adjustable control over their movements.

2. GPIO (General Purpose Input/Output) (ON/OFF): used for toggling devices on and off, providing users with direct control over the connected appliances.

3. Digital One-Wire Communication:  used to transmit data, allowing for smooth information flow between devices and the central control system.

4. One-Wire NZR: utilized to facilitate dependable and effective data exchange among the various components of a smart home, thereby enhancing the system's responsiveness.

5. GPIO (Control) and Analog (Readout): Combining GPIO for control and analog signals for data reading offers a balanced and comprehensive solution for device management and feedback.

6. UART (Universal Asynchronous Receiver-Transmitter): is used for bidirectional data exchange, allowing real-time monitoring and control of devices in the smart home.

Selecting and integrating smart devices into a smart home is a crucial step in creating a connected living space that fulfills customers' requirements. By focusing on use cases, compatibility, security, and scalability, developers have the ability to create innovative solutions that enhance the smart home experience while ensuring a high level of user satisfaction and data security. 

2.3 Firmware Development: Making Devices Communicate Seamlessly

During this development stage, the team of embedded engineers has a clear objective: to ensure that smart home devices can communicate seamlessly, regardless of their diverse origins and functionalities.

Modular and Scalable Design

The smart home ecosystem consists of a variety of devices, each with its own distinct role and specifications. In order to accommodate this diversity, our firmware has been meticulously designed to be modular and scalable. This means that when new devices or features are introduced, they can be seamlessly integrated into the current setup. Whether it's a new sensor for monitoring another aspect of the environment or a new smart device that enhances home automation, the firmware is prepared to adapt, expand, and effortlessly integrate these new components.

It also prioritizes low power consumption, which means that smart devices can operate for long periods without significantly affecting energy bills.

Over-the-Air (OTA) Updates

OTA updates are an essential part of modern smart home systems. They allow for remote and wireless firmware updates for different interconnected devices. These updates are crucial for ensuring the health, functionality, and security of smart home ecosystems. There is no need for users to manually update each device, as the smart home system centrally manages the process. Interoperability with IoT Platforms

The Internet of Things (IoT) relies heavily on interoperability between devices. Our firmware is designed to work seamlessly with a variety of IoT platforms. In our case, we used IoTConnect on AWS . It enables a unified and synchronized experience, ensuring that data flows smoothly and securely between smart home devices and the selected cloud services.

In summary, our firmware development is the backbone of the smart home's communication and functionality. It's designed to adapt, conserve power, receive updates effortlessly, and seamlessly collaborate with the broader IoT landscape. 

2.4 Software Development: The Heart of the Demo

The brains of our smart home demo is our IoT Suitcase app. Its intuitive design illustrates how easy it is to set up and manage  Internet of Things gadgets. Users can monitor environmental conditions, manage their devices, and tailor their Internet of Things experience to their specific requirements.

In the image above, we can observe two primary screens of the application:

• Home Screen: The home screen provides a complete list of connected devices, making it easy for users to manage and monitor them.
• Light Settings Menu: In this section, users have the option to customize the lighting to suit their personal preferences.

Additional screens also enable users to establish Wi-Fi connections and effortlessly switch between cloud platforms.

The mobile app enables users to remotely control devices by either clicking within the app or using voice commands. iOS devices offer a feature known as "Shortcuts" that allows users to create custom voice commands and automations. This feature has important implications for controlling smart homes. 

Using Shortcuts, users have the ability to create personalized voice commands for carrying out specific actions in their smart home. For example, in our home, we have programmed a command called "Movie Time" that dims the lights and turns on the TV. By simplifying complex sequences of actions into a single command, these voice-activated shortcuts elevate smart home automation to a whole new level. This is a crucial feature in the industry of modern smart homes. It should come as no surprise that the market for voice assistants is expected to reach a staggering $99 billion by 2026 .

In order to ensure the reliability and security of smart home environments, it is crucial to have an understanding of some of the most common examples of faults in software architecture for a smart home. 

These faults can encompass a broad spectrum of issues, including security vulnerabilities, interoperability challenges, resource inefficiencies, and a lack of robust mechanisms for handling failures. 

For instance, faulty software architecture may result in resource inefficiencies, such as devices running continuously when not required, excessive power consumption, or suboptimal utilization of computing resources. One possible solution could involve implementing intelligent power management and resource allocation algorithms. 

2.5 IoTConnect Platform for Smart Home IoT Solutions

In a previous article, we discussed Platform as a Service (PaaS) . Now, we turn our attention to the practical implementation of this concept in our smart home demonstration. To effectively manage devices and collect data, we've employed Avnet's IoTConnect Platform . 

The IoTConnect Platform simplifies the development journey, providing companies with a ready-made foundation to quickly bring innovative smart home solutions to market without having to create systems from the beginning.

This platform serves as the connective tissue for all smart devices in a home, making device communication and data collection more efficient while maintaining strict security protocols. 

With IoTConnect, companies can configure an unlimited number of on-premises and remote devices, enable cross-device communication, access real-time device information for analysis, set up automated notifications, and implement multi-layer security measures. It seamlessly interfaces with various tools essential for effective IoT deployment, fosters connectivity between devices, and integrates with existing CRM and ERP systems, thereby enabling smarter and more efficient homes for customers.

Indeema Software is proud to be an official member of the Avnet IoT Partner Program, which reflects our dedication to excellence in the Internet of Things (IoT) industry. By collaborating with Avnet, an industry leader, we have come together to offer high-quality IoT development services tailored to the specific requirements of mid-size companies and enterprises. This partnership brings together Avnet's extensive expertise and resources in the IoT field with our advanced technological solutions and development capabilities. The outcome is a strong collaboration that enables businesses to fully utilize the potential of IoT technology, making it easier to develop strong and customized solutions that meet their specific needs.

3. Data Privacy Illustrated: An Example of Smart Home Technology

The security of the information collected and transmitted within the smart home ecosystem is critical, and IoT platforms play a critical role in addressing these concerns. In our demo, we entrusted the task of data privacy and security to Avnet's robust IoTConnect Platform. 

Certified Security with IoTConnect Platform:

To find and fix vulnerabilities, every ecosystem layer is scanned and monitored. This industrial-grade data security strategy includes several essentials:

• Our smart home devices have identity and authentication mechanisms to prevent unauthorized access.
• All data in transit and at rest is encrypted to protect it from interceptions.
• Authenticating servers with unique IDs prevents impersonation and unauthorized access.
• Certificate-Based Authentication: Certificates authenticate users and devices, adding security.
• Secured Network: The entire network is protected from unauthorized access.
• Logging: Detailed logging records all system actions for analysis.
• Incident Response Services: Our system responds quickly and effectively to security incidents.
• Continuous Monitoring: Our system detects and responds to security threats in real-time.
• Secure Communication Channels: Device-IoT platform communication channels are secured to prevent eavesdropping and tampering.
• Firmware updates are delivered securely to keep smart home devices' software up-to-date and secure.

Meeting Industry Standards with Avnet-Managed Cloud:

The cloud platform, a key part of data infrastructure, is certified against four ISO standards:

• Information Security Management Systems (ISMS)
• ISO 27017: Cloud security controls
• ISO 27018: Public cloud PII protection
• Quality management systems: ISO 9001

Data privacy and security are of the utmost importance in this day and age of connected smart homes. The comprehensive IoTConnect Platform, built to meet the most stringent security requirements, is the backbone of our smart home's data protection. 

4. Partner with Indeema for Smart Home Excellence

As we've explored the specifics of smart home technology, it's become apparent that the path towards developing a fully integrated, high-tech home is rife with obstacles and possibilities. The innovation process often benefits from consulting with those who have built countless Internet of Things (IoT) systems for end customers. That's where Indeema steps in.

This case study delves into the smart home IoT ecosystem that Indeema has developed, serving as both a showcase and a testament to industry potential. We are fully dedicated to ensuring quality, security, and originality in every project we take on.

Collaborating with leaders such as IoTConnect enables us to offer solutions that truly stand out.

Every smart home is different, and we understand that there is no one-size-fits-all solution. We collaborate closely with our partners to create tailored solutions that meet specific requirements.

In summary, the process of creating a compact and engaging smart home demo is intricate. Balancing technology integration and optimizing the user experience are crucial factors.

Creating a smart home using IoT technology involves following a systematic approach. It includes the process of planning the architecture, meticulously selecting and integrating smart devices, developing the required firmware and software, and utilizing platforms such as IoTConnect for smooth IoT solutions.

Thanks to our extensive expertise, we are able to provide a practical and user-friendly demonstration of the capabilities of IoT and smart home technologies. As we continue to enhance and expand our smart home demo, our aim is to inspire and educate, making sure that IoT technology can revolutionize the way we engage with our living spaces.  

Ivan Karbovnyk

CTO at Indeema Software Inc.

Ivan Karbovnyk has a PhD in Semiconductor and Dielectric Physics as well as a Doctor of Sciences in Mathematics and Physics. In his dual role as Chief Technical Officer at Indeema and Professor at the National University of Lviv's Department of Radiophysics and Computer Technologies, he successfully juggles academic and business work.

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Home Automation App Development Roadmap

21 September 2023

Smart Home IoT Devices: Understanding the Hardware Components

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IoT in home automation: the fast growing list of use cases

The link between wine bottles, living fish, audio, your garden, a good swim, asthma and the Internet of Things : the accelerating growth of IoT home automation in the age of the true connected smart home.

The light and room control space is changing rapidly with the advent of IoT. Light and room control is pretty ubiquitous since many years in professional building management environments and increasingly moves up in home automation and the smart home, one of the main growth areas of IoT investment until at least 2021.

The list of professional IoT home automation applications is poised to exponentially grow with both individual connected devices and validated multifunctional systems

According to building management and IoT expert Jean Commeignes, who is responsible for the L&RC (Light and Room Control) badge within the awarded EcoXpert program, the key scope of IoT in light and room control will be in home automation with far more IoT applications. And it’s not just in the often ad hoc and rather simple light and room control solutions out there today but in ‘smaller’ building management systems  too.

We’re indeed also talking about professional light and room control as it evolves and starts to converge with other smart building areas. Expect an increasing number and diversity of actors in the professional home automation solutions space on top of, among others, electrical contractors and system integrators , whereby professional means more integrated (home owners want integrated solutions, not in the least because of ease of use and user experience) with IoT solutions for home automation playing a de facto converging role.

The time to thoroughly understand IoT for home automation is now

As the smart home market sees growing investments and continues to mature, we also see an uptake of ever more smart home automation applications, each designed for a specific audience and some going mainstream regardless of the context of the owner.

Typical examples of such increasingly mainstream applications: home security and anything with regards to energy efficiency and savings. A typical example of a specific home automation solution that is poised to grow in a context of the drivers of IoT in healthcare : IoT-enabled solutions for the physically less mobile (among others aging populations) , disabled or chronically ill (with for instance remote health monitoring and air quality monitoring) .

In an interview on the evolutions in light and room control Commeignes forecasts that we are moving towards endless applications in a home automation context. IoT will simply be a game changer here, also in combination with protocols such as KNX .

For light and room control, the key scope of IoT is without any doubt in home automation, with endless applications

However, as the few examples above show it’s clear that, depending on the type of application, partners with different expertise are needed. The opportunities for integrators and also niche players are huge. You can imagine that smart energy management, the many aspects of light and room control and niche solutions in areas such as healthcare require other skills.

It is one of many reasons why companies, integrators and contractors who are active in one of the several types of applications today need to get up to speed when it boils down to the Internet of Things.

When professional home automation and even integrated building automation solutions start converge and move from today’s mainly luxury, security and comfort environment to more applications and connected solutions, market opportunities arise. Do note that we are not talking about today’s fragmented ad hoc popular smart home solutions which are important, often mentioned yet rather isolated and even rarely present in a true smart home context. On the other hand, these solutions and applications are part of the overall acceleration growth of home automation and smart home applications that is upon us in the coming years. And it’s not as if there is no room for individual connected smart home devices, well on the contrary. Yet, as we’ll tackle there will be more multifunctional applications too.

Drivers in the exponentially growing list of IoT home automation applications

When thinking about smart homes and home automation most people mention applications in areas such as security systems, connected entertainment systems, light control, room control and energy management, to name a few.

Yet, in the interview Jean Commeignes cites numerous additional applications as we move towards what he sees as endless applications in the smart home, all connected in this integrated way and with customer needs, customer values/expectations and relevance of the solutions as the center of focus for all vendors and integrators that want to succeed. So, what types of applications are we finding in that growing list of IoT-driven home automation applications? A lot. We look at some but first look at a few drivers and changes.

Security (burglar alarms, door entry systems, CCTV) and audio video systems are two main areas for IoT home automation

On top of the ever important HVAC (heating, ventilation and air conditioning) applications and a strong increase in light control, which according to Commeignes is strengthened by the LED revolution , the growing list of applications is joined by changes in the systems that drive the connected home.

The devices and applications will be deployed in a more coherent way with on top of the mentioned individually connected devices, validated multifunctional systems such as pre-engineered, bundled repetitive applications and customized applications.

If you look at the list of increasing home automation applications and in what order they will grow faster a simple question, as mentioned, drives the answers: what fits the customer needs most and is most relevant for today’s and tomorrow’s home owner? We can’t emphasize this enough as it remains one of the major hurdles, certainly in the more popular ad hoc smart home space. Time after time research confirms it as you can read in several articles across this site: too expensive, security concerns not properly addressed, brand credibility and trust, too hard to use, not relevant enough and a lack of simply properly responding to real customer needs.

Those needs of course depend on the individual home owner and are really mainly emotional in nature, often even when disguised as rational demands in areas such as monetary value. As an example of how needs vary depending on the home owner: swimming! Not everyone has the luck to have a swimming pool at home, yet the IoT-enabled swimming pool is one of the many things that you can add to IoT home automation applications. By the way: do note that the smart home is not just about what’s in the home: your outdoor swimming pool or connected security CCTV camera are two examples, the irrigation of your garden another.

The growing IoT home automation applications list

Still there are some main trends with regards to the fastest growing segments of home automation applications.

Commeignes mentions security and audio video systems, energy management and so forth as leading areas. But do think about wine cellars, fridges/freezers (yes, indeed) and aquariums, among many others as well. That’s where those wine bottles and swimming fish come in. And then we haven’t even looked deeper at the many health, physical mobility solutions and assisted living solutions yet. Or sprinkler systems, watering and smart irrigation. Solutions that make life that bit healthier in the place you reside most: air quality, humidity, ozone levels (hundreds of millions of people suffer from asthma) . Access and door control. The list goes on. However, security (burglar alarms, door entry systems, CCTV) seems to be the main area as research also confirms (more below) .

Whatever people value most will be monitored, optimized and controlled with IoT first. And value also means money here. It’s clear that vendors need to think about this value proposition and what people really care about most first from perspectives of emotional attachment, monetary value, cost avoidance, cost savings, reassurance, property value overall and so much more.

It’s not because there aren’t that many connected swimming pools that there is no case for IoT systems integrators, home automation experts of any type of specialized company to go in that space.

Just think about all the security (e.g. children) , energy (water, electricity, heating ), quality (the condition of the water) and many other aspects (luxury, ecology,…) that come into play in just one application example: that smart swimming pool. If people have the money to buy a luxury pool they’ll consider adding all these possibilities whilst trying to save money through energy efficiency with systems that are a bit more expensive than your average smart light bulb.

The IoT home automation market opportunity

Speaking about money, after several years of slow growth in the smart home area, smart home investments as said are poised to grow faster in the coming years.

According to IDC , smart home investments are expected to more than double by 2020, good for a market of over $63 billion. And, according to Gartner research , home security alarm systems lead the pack today with 18 percent of all purchases.

More importantly, the research confirms the preference for integrated solutions. Quote: “Respondents are starting to see the value of one app for integrating their connected home devices, appliances and services as well as the importance of brand certification for their connected home devices and services”.

Sure, it is still relatively early days for some of the mentioned applications but the trend is clear: ever more integration and applications thanks to IoT and IoT solutions and platforms in home automation. And that app Gartner mentions for integrating connected home devices, appliances and services? It’s going to look different as the applications are poised to grow and become more diverse.

Top image: Shutterstock – C opyright: Jirsak – All other images are the property of their respective mentioned owners.

e-Reside: A Case Study on Blockchain for IoT in Home Automation Using Raspberry Pi

• First Online: 01 September 2021

Cite this chapter

• Prashanth Kambli 7 ,
• A. Ashwitha 7 &
• G. Shruthi 7  

Part of the book series: EAI/Springer Innovations in Communication and Computing ((EAISICC))

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Today, we are living in a technological world that it is necessary to use more advanced technologies to control devices remotely from different locations. Earlier electronic devices were controlled through Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, and Zigbee in the restricted areas, but with the help of advanced technologies like Internet of Things (IoT) and cloud, we can extend it to such a level where we can control the devices even from remote areas. Raspberry Pi is one such technology which made a strong influence to control any electronic devices even from the remote areas. The technology designed can expand in allowing multiplicity of devices that can be controlled and also at a very low cost. Usage of Raspberry Pi device on home automation and its benefits need to be observed. Ever-growing connected ecosystem provisioned the industry to change the way we interact with the traditional brick and mortar houses to such an extent that the user is entirely in control of his home’s comfort and security. For the useful utilization of power very effectively, certain human errors happening unintentionally need to be reduced, like to switch off home appliances; the home automation system has to be designed in such a way that they need to control all electronic devices of a house remotely in a secured and safe manner. The smart home is one of the most mainstream applications which can improve the inhabitant’s life quality. Nevertheless, the security and protection problems of the house owner bring developing difficulties, while an ever-increasing number of information are gathered and shared by the various IoT gadgets inside the smart home. Blockchain for an IoT is a developing enchanting innovation strategy that gives a private, secure, and decentralized instrument for the information utilization in smart home.

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Kambli, P., Ashwitha, A., Shruthi, G. (2022). e-Reside: A Case Study on Blockchain for IoT in Home Automation Using Raspberry Pi. In: Gururaj, H.L., Ravi Kumar, V., Goundar, S., Elngar, A.A., Swathi, B.H. (eds) Convergence of Internet of Things and Blockchain Technologies. EAI/Springer Innovations in Communication and Computing. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-76216-2_4

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Home automation is a topic which is gaining popularity day by day, because of large advantages. One can achieve home automation by simply connecting home appliance electrical devices to the internet. The implementation of home automation in this project employs two systems, IoT and speech that are voice controlled based home automation. Internet of Things (IoT) conceptualizes the idea of remotely connecting and monitoring real things through the Internet. When it comes to our house, this concept can be aptly incorporated to make it smarter, safer and automated. The first scheme uses GSM/GPRS technology for controlling the electrical appliances via Internet through a website. The second scheme uses Bluetooth technology for controlling of electrical appliances by voice control when we are at home via an Android app. The proposed system is implemented on Pic 16f877a microcontroller. In this project, the goal is to develop a home automation system that gives the user complete control over all remotely controllable aspects of his or her home. The automation system will have ability to be controlled from a central host PC, the internet, and also remotely accessed with smart phone. Home automation system gives accessibility, comfort, energy efficiency, security by providing control and monitoring of appliances, security surveillance.

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Home » Case Studies » IoT enabled Home Automation Solution

IoT enabled Home Automation Solution

Industry: Internet of Things (IoT)

The client is a leader producing IoT platforms for widespread industrial use. Currently, the client supports industries like STEM Research, Virtual Reality and planning to focus on Home Automation appliances.

Business Need

Client was looking for development support to serve IoT enabled Home Automation Systems.

Client Situation

Client wanted to have an IoT based prototype version that could control some basic home appliances from mobile application through BLE technology and access statistics through dashboard.

Few devices targeted for prototype are:

• Controlling LED display
• Moisture Sensor & Temperature Alerts
• Controlling Camera and Coffee Maker

Technologies

Backend System: Ionic, Socket Programming, Raspberry PI, Node JS, Javascript

Recommended Solution

Proposed solution leverages multiple layers of security and communications to connect all Internet of Things (IoT) enabled devices. All IoT devices are controlled and managed from mobile app using BLE technology.

• Options to input HEX code to control different appliances through using Raspberry Pi, Arduino
• LED on/off along with brightness control facility
• Moisture & Temperature Alerts based on predefined cut-off range
• Scheduled on and off mechanism for cameras and coffee machine

Universal Internet of Things (IoT) platform turned out as one-stop solution to control devices using Raspberry Pi, Arduino over Linux, Mac and Windows based platforms. The solution provided few smart ways to control devices like, LEDs, Coffee maker and Cameras. It ensures that communication and data transfer is safe and secure among all connected IoT devices.

Success Stories

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IoT DEVICES, Wi-Fi 6E AND THE FUTURE OF Wi-Fi 7

In this detailed piece, Irfan Yousaf, a TE Connectivity (TE) Antenna Solutions Expert, helps you learn how Wi-FI 6E is driving IoT devices now and where the technology may head with Wi-Fi 7.

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In this piece, you’ll learn more about:

• The IoT connectivity considerations we all face - Bandwidth, range and power consumption are the main ones. But reliability, cost, latency, mobility, compatibility with existing infrastructure, future-proofness, scalability and installation location also matter.
• The emergence of Wi-Fi 6E - Since 2019, Wi-Fi 6 (IEEE 802.11ax) has been improving the performance of IoT in dense environments like offices, shopping areas and buildings. It’s faster and supports 8X8 connections for both uplink and downlink.
• Wi-Fi 6E’s benefits in IoT Devices - This technology offers an added frequency band, better power consumption and battery life, faster data rates, MU-MIMO & beamforming, improved latency and enhanced security.
• The Future with Wi-Fi 7 - Maximum data rates will go to 46 Gbps and offer 4096-QAM compared to 1024-QAM in Wi-Fi 6E. It adds multi-chassis link aggregation (MLAG) and operation; coordinated beamforming; MU-MIMO 16x16; flexible channel utilisation and more.
• How to improve antenna performance - There are often challenges in finding the right antennas for seamless connectivity. That’s why having a trusted RF technology partner with varied capabilities and expert support early in the design phase is critical.

How to improve antenna performance - Bringing someone on board like TE connectivity can ensure you have access to varied manufacturing capabilities and expert advice to hand alongside high-performance platform products.

Once you have a grasp on the technology and its benefits, this deep dive will share information about the other options available like cellular and IEEE 802.15.4, while exploring considerations for antenna design and selection that impact IoT deployments. Overall, this piece provides a wealth of insight and expertise at your fingertips in one, simple-to-follow white paper.

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Watch: Romark Logistics and Gather AI: A Case Study

A case study about the application of drones employing artificial intelligence to the warehouse operations of Romark Logistics .

Romark Logistics is a third-party logistics provider with a focus on serving the consumer goods, pharmaceutical and retail sectors. It places a heavy emphasis on technology, with significant investment in automation and robotics, according to chief information officer Joe Warakomski.

Even with its reliance on technology, Romark was facing labor shortages, Warakomski says. At the same time, it needed a system that would maintain high levels of inventory accuracy. Romark turned for help to Gather AI , a specialist in warehouse drones for inventory management, because of the latter’s similarly intensive focus on automation, he adds.

Sean Mitchell, vice president of customer success with Gather AI, noted that the company’s drones perform autonomous inventory data gathering. The units take images of product at every location, using artificial intelligence to read barcodes, then compare the information directly with the facility’s warehouse management software (WMS) system.

Introduction of the Gather AI drones into Romark’s warehouse happened in phases. “We started small but were thinking big,” Warakomski says. Following a successful pilot program, the provider was able to rapidly expand the drones’ coverage to some 64,000 pallet positions.

It’s always a challenge to bring new systems into an ongoing operation, which can’t afford to slow for an instant. “Gather worked around our schedule,” Warakomski says. “And the amount of technology needed was fairly low.”

Mitchell says Gather AI was able to get the drones up and running, and complete worker training on the units, in just three weeks.

Romark was skeptical at the outset about Gather AI’s ability to get the drones into place in such a short time. In the end, though, the company experienced “a 5x improvement in our inventory process” with 99.9% accuracy, Warakomski says.

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Industrial robots make people feel worse about jobs and themselves

Study finds workers' sense of meaningfulness and autonomy declines with automation.

Robots may make companies more productive, as some studies have suggested, but they make people feel that their jobs have less meaning.

Researchers with the University of Groningen in the Netherlands and Colorado State University in the US recently looked into the impact of robotic automation on workers' sense of well-being and motivation. They found that the adoption of industrial robots takes a mental toll on workers – more so for those with repetitive jobs and less so for those with non-routine responsibilities.

Add that to prior research showing robotic automation depresses wages and employment.

In a paper titled "Robots, meaning, and self-determination," appearing in the journal Research Policy, authors Milena Nikolova, Femke Cnossen, and Boris Nikolaev observe that rapid technological advancement has sparked fears about the impact of technology on jobs, and led to numerous academic studies.

Less explored, they argue, is the non-monetary impact of automation and how workers cope with it. So they chose to examine how industrial robots affect both work meaningfulness – how workers see their labor as valuable, significant, or purposeful – and self-determination – the extent to which workers experience autonomy, competence, and relatedness.

Industrial robot adoption, they note, can reduce human interactions to the detriment of work relationships. It can also diminish the need for creative problem solving, curtail learning opportunities, and limit skill utilization. And it can reduce worker autonomy if robots and algorithms decide on tasks and their execution.

Robotic automation isn't necessarily harmful and may be positive, the authors observe, pointing out that machines can eliminate the need to perform dull, repetitive tasks. While adrenaline addicts might bemoan bomb disposal robots and space surgeons , there's a fairly good case for delegating that work to machines.

To assess the non-monetary impact of robotic automation, the authors analyzed worker-level survey data from 20 European countries and 14 industries for the years 2010, 2015, and 2021. They compared that with industry-level data on changes in robots per 10,000 workers.

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What the authors found is that robots make workers feel worse – unless they control the robots.

"Our key finding is that robots harm work meaningfulness and autonomy," wrote Nikolova, Cnossen, and Nikolaev.

Specifically, doubling the presence of robots leads to a 0.9 percent decline in work meaningfulness and a 1 percent decline in autonomy.

"Across all industries in our sample, the average increase in robotization between 2005 and 2020 was 389 percent (almost a four-fold increase)," they observe.

And in specific industries, robot adoption was far more advanced. The authors point out that in mining and quarrying, there was a 26x increase over the same time period, "implying a substantial loss in meaningfulness and autonomy."

The automotive industry, they observe, has seen the most adoption of industrial robots. And they suggest that were the food and beverage industry – already top five in robot uptake – to increase its robot use to match (a 7.5x increase), food and beverage workers would see a 6.8 percent decline in work meaningfulness and a 7.5 percent decline in autonomy.

One way to mitigate the loss of autonomy is to give workers control. "Specifically, working with computers – being in control of the machine – completely offsets the negative consequences of automation for autonomy," the authors note, adding that education and skill also mitigates loss of autonomy.

But giving workers a computer control console doesn't counteract the sense of diminished meaningfulness that accompanies robot adoption, the study suggests.

The authors conclude that understanding how automation affects the way people feel about work is important for ensuring worker productivity and health, and for minimizing turnover. ®

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