current research topics in urology

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The value of shear wave elastography combined with red blood cell distribution width in evaluating arterial erectile dysfunction

A retrospective study was conducted to determine the value of shear wave elastography (SWE) and red blood cell distribution width (RDW) in the diagnosis of various forms of erectile dysfunction (ED).

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Benign glomus tumor of prostate: a case report

Glomus tumor (GT) is a neoplastic lesion of mesenchymal origin arising from the neuromyoarterial canal or glomus body. Although most GT occur in the peripheral soft tissue and extremities, these tumors can gro...

External validation of Ito’s nomogram and T.O.HO. scoring system in flexible ureterorenoscopy

This study aims to assess stone-free rates after flexible ureterorenoscopy (fURS) using the T.O.HO. (Tallness, Occupied lesion, Hounsfield unit evaluation) scoring system and Ito’s nomogram.

A meta analysis of the lateral decubitus position and prone position percutaneous nephrolithotomy

Objective To analyzed the safety and efficacy of percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) in lateral decubitus position and prone position for upper ureteral calculi. Methods Databases including PubMed, Springer, S...

Rare vesicourethral foreign body caused by sexual eccentricity - case report

There are many types of foreign bodies in the bladder and urethra. The most common way is to insert foreign bodies through the external urethra by oneself or by others. It is often seen in situations such as m...

Laterality of live-donor nephrectomy: does it have a urologic impact on post-donation pregnancy?

Our center policy is to promote right nephrectomy for pre-menopausal live donor donors. This is based on the traditional belief that ureteral obstruction and subsequent urinary tract infections (UTIs) of post-...

Lower urinary tract symptoms among normal-weight, overweight, and obese palestinians: a study of prevalence and impact on the quality of life

This study was conducted to assess the prevalence of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) among non-obese and obese Palestinians. The study also aimed to assess the effects of LUTS on the quality of life of obe...

Autophagy in benign prostatic hyperplasia: insights and therapeutic potential

Autophagy is a cellular homeostatic mechanism characterized by cyclic degradation. It plays an essential role in maintaining cellular quality and survival by eliminating dysfunctional cellular components. This...

Comparing open and robot-assisted partial nephrectomy – a single institution report

Open partial nephrectomy (OPN) has previously been considered the gold standard procedure for treatment of T1 localized renal tumors. After introduction of robot assisted partial nephrectomy (RAPN) as an alter...

A comparative study between EMG uroflowmetry with and without a catheter in children

To evaluate the effect of urethral catheterization on the accuracy of EMG uroflowmetry in children with non-neurogenic voiding disorders during pressure-flow (PF) studies compared to the non-invasive EMG urofl...

The role of early use of Carbapenems perioperatively for urolithiasis with ESBL-producing Escherichia coli

Urolithiasis combined with ESBL-producing E. coli is often difficult to control and leads to higher postoperative infection-related complications. This study was aim to explore the efficacy and necessity for earl...

Relationship between NLR and penile squamous cell carcinoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis

We conducted this study to summarize the results of studies reporting the role of NLR (neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio) in PSCC (penile squamous cell carcinoma).

Global burden of benign prostatic hyperplasia in males aged 60–90 years from 1990 to 2019: results from the global burden of disease study 2019

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a prevalent urological disease in elderly males. However, few studies have estimated the temporal and spatial distributions of the BPH burden in male adults aged 60 years ...

Characteristics of lymphoedema, in particular midline lymphoedema, after treatment for prostate cancer: a retrospective study

Patients undergoing treatment for prostate cancer may develop lymphoedema of the midline region. This has a substantial impact on a patient’s quality of life and its diagnosis is often delayed or missed. There...

The learning curve for modified hand-assisted retroperitoneoscopic living donor nephrectomy

We aimed to introduce our modified hand-assisted retroperitoneoscopic living donor nephrectomy (HARPLDN) technique and define the learning curve.

Comparison of Moses laser and Raykeen laser in patients with impacted upper ureteral stone undergoing flexible ureteroscopic holmium laser lithotripsy

To compare the operative effect and clinical efficacy of the Moses laser mode and the Raykeen holmium laser energy platform powder mode under flexible ureteroscopic lithotripsy in patients with impacted upper ...

Diagnostic value of contrast-enhanced CT in clear cell renal cell carcinoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT) improves lesion contrast with surrounding tissues through the injection of contrast agents. This enhancement allows for more precise lesion characterization, aiding...

Transurethral Resection of the Prostate (TURP) and concomitant inguinal hernioplasty: a single-center experience

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a prevalent condition in aging males, leading to bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) and associated urinary symptoms. With increasing life expectancy, the incidence of BPH an...

Advancements in research on lactate dehydrogenase A in urinary system tumors

Tumors of the urinary system, such as prostate cancer, bladder cancer, and renal cell carcinoma, are among the most prevalent types of tumors. They often remain asymptomatic in their early stages, with some pa...

Materials-based incidence of urinary catheter associated urinary tract infections and the causative micro-organisms: systematic review and meta-analysis

Both long (> 30 days) and short-term (≤ 30 days) catheterisation has been associated with urinary tract infections (UTIs) due to the invasive nature of device insertion through the urethra. Catheter associated...

Analysis of risk factors for persistent PSA after radical prostatectomy: results from a high-volume center in Southeast China

For localized prostate cancer, a comprehensive treatment approach centered around radical prostatectomy (RP) is often their optimal choice. Successful RP can typically reduce prostate-specific antigen (PSA) le...

Prospective study on the effects of mechanical bowel preparation under the enhanced recovery after surgery concept on electrolyte disturbances and functional recovery after robotic surgery for urologic tumors in older adults

Mechanical bowel preparation (MBP) involves the cleansing of bowel excreta and secretions using methods such as preoperative oral laxatives, retrograde enemas, and dietary adjustments. When combined with oral ...

From sutureless to standard: a comprehensive analysis of conversion rates in laparoscopic partial nephrectomy

To assess the rate at which sutureless partial nephrectomy (SLPN) transitions to standard partial nephrectomy (SPN), focusing on preoperative factors that might prompt such conversions.

Mendelian randomization study of urolithiasis: exploration of risk factors using human blood metabolites

Urolithiasis is a highly prevalent global disease closely associated with metabolic factors; however, the causal relationship between blood metabolites and urolithiasis remains poorly understood.

Mortality from prostate cancer in the years 2007–2021 in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany

The crude mortality rate and the lifetime mortality risk from prostate cancer in Germany are above international average. However age-standardised mortality and years of life lost per capita from prostate canc...

Molecular characterization of DNAH6 and ATPase6 (Mitochondrial DNA) genes in asthenozoospermia patients in the northern region of India

Male infertility due to spermatogenesis defects affects millions of men worldwide. However, the genetic etiology of the vast majority remains unclear. The present study was undertaken to assess the association...

Association between the atherogenic index of plasma and kidney stones: a nationally representative study

The atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) is a novel comprehensive lipid index. We aimed to investigate a possible relationship between AIP index and kidney stones in US adults.

Prevalence of urinary incontinence and associated factors, its impact on quality of life among pregnant women attending antenatal care at Asella teaching and referral hospital

Urinary incontinence (UI) is defined as any involuntary leakage of urine. UI during pregnancy is a common health problem worldwide with prevalence ranging from 11.4 to 84.5%. In Ethiopia there has been limited...

Performance of large language models (LLMs) in providing prostate cancer information

The diagnosis and management of prostate cancer (PCa), the second most common cancer in men worldwide, are highly complex. Hence, patients often seek knowledge through additional resources, including AI chatbo...

Cellular angiofibroma of the female pelvic cavity: a case report

Cellular angiofibroma is a rare benign mesenchymal tumor that mostly occurs in the genital area. Its occurrence outside this region, particularly in the pelvis, is extremely rare. To our knowledge, this study ...

Frequency of benign tumors after partial nephrectomy and the association between malignant tumor findings and preoperative clinical parameters

Partial nephrectomy (PN) has become the dominant treatment modality for cT1 renal tumor lesions. Tumors suspected of malignant potential are indicated for surgery, but some are histologically classified as ben...

Optimizing the outcome of non-pre-stented flexible ureteroscopic lithotripsy regarding the quality of life, when to remove the stent?

To investigate the safety of short-term stenting following flexible ureteroscopic lithotripsy (fURL) for patients without preoperative stents. Retaining double-J stent for 1–2 weeks after fURL is a common prac...

Can the SIARI score be used at initial admission to predict testes involvement in patients with fournier’s gangrene; a single-centre, retrospective study

To predict testicular involvement in patients diagnosed with Fournier’s gangrene (FG) using the Laboratory Risk Indicator for Necrotizing Fasciitis (LRINEC) score and the site other than lower limb (SIARI) score.

The effect of health literacy on patient compliance in patients to whom prostate biopsies were recommended

Transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy (TRUS-Bx) is the gold standard diagnostic method for prostate cancer. In people with low health literacy, accurate and early diagnosis rates decrease, making it di...

Applying urinary ultrasound to predict the risk of spontaneous ureteral stone passage: a retrospective cohort study

To assess the value of urological ultrasound in predicting the risk of spontaneous passage of ureteral stones.

Frequent gene mutations and the correlations with clinicopathological features in clear cell renal cell carcinoma: preliminary study based on Chinese population and TCGA database

Large-scale sequencing plays important roles in revealing the genomic map of ccRCC and predicting prognosis and therapeutic response to targeted drugs. However, the relevant clinical data is still sparse in Ch...

Landscape of peripheral immunity in patients with upper urinary tract urolithiasis and the underlying correlations with renal function

Inflammatory and immunological responses are reported involved in the pathogenesis and progression of obstructive nephropathy (ON). This study was designed to investigate the characteristics of peripheral immu...

Tailoring biopsy strategy in the MRI-fusion prostate biopsy era: systematic, targeted or neither?

Magnetic  resonance imaging (MRI) followed by targeted biopsy (TBx) is utilized for prostate cancer (PCa) detection. However, the value of adding systematic biopsies (SBx) to targeted biopsy procedures (combin...

Clinical comparison of lateral supine position mini-percutaneous nephrolithotomy and anatrophic nephrolithotomy in the treatment of complete staghorn renal calculi

At present, the guidelines for urology recommend percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) as the preferred treatment for staghorn renal calculi (SRC). However, for complete SRC, it has been questioned by clinicians...

Relationship between surgical difficulty and postoperative complications of hand-assisted laparoscopic living donor nephrectomy and establishment of prediction model

Few studies have systematically explored the factors influencing the difficulty of hand-assisted laparoscopic living donor nephrectomy. To investigate the relationship between the difficulty of hand-assisted l...

A model of tertiary lymphatic structure-related prognosis for penile squamous cell carcinoma

We investigated the feasibility of the tertiary lymphoid structure (TLS) as a prognostic marker for penile squamous cell carcinoma(SCC).

Evaluation of the suitability of using ArtiSential in various renal surgery: IDEAL stage 1 study

ArtiSential, a new articulating laparoscopic instruments, addresses the limited movement associated with conventional laparoscopic instruments. This study was conducted to assess the clinical effectiveness of ...

Unveiling potential: urinary exosomal mRNAs as non-invasive biomarkers for early prostate cancer diagnosis

This study investigated the use of urinary exosomal mRNA as a potential biomarker for the early detection of prostate cancer (PCa).

Correction: Comparative analysis of two methods in circumcision: a new disposable device versus classic sleeve technique

The original article was published in BMC Urology 2024 24 :126

Examining the trend of mortality of genitourinary system cancers in Babol, North Iran (2013–2021)

Cancers of the genitourinary system, particularly prostate, bladder, and kidney cancer, exhibit a high prevalence. Consequently, predicting the morbidity and mortality of genitourinary cancers holds great sign...

Composite eosinophilic solid and cystic renal cell carcinoma and clear cell renal cell carcinoma: a rare case report and literature review

Eosinophilic solid and cystic renal cell carcinoma (ESC-RCC) is a novel subtype of renal cell carcinoma characterized by its relatively low incidence and indolent behavior. We report a rare case of ESC-RCC con...

Nephroptosis and ureteroinguinal incarcerated hernia mimicking acute appendicitis

The involvement of kidney, perirenal fat, and ureter is a rare variant of inguinal hernia. We report a case of a 78-year-old man presenting with typical clinical signs of acute appendicitis. Ultrasonography an...

Systematic review and meta-analysis of percutaneous nephrolithotomy in flank versus prone position

This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the efficiency and safety of percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) between flank position and prone position for the treatment of renal stones.

Interpretable machine learning models for predicting clinical pregnancies associated with surgical sperm retrieval from testes of different etiologies: a retrospective study

The relationship between surgical sperm retrieval of different etiologies and clinical pregnancy is unclear. We aimed to develop a robust and interpretable machine learning (ML) model for predicting clinical p...

Preoperative analysis of factors associated with prolonged pneumoretroperitoneum time during retroperitoneal laparoscopic nephroureterectomy for upper tract urothelial carcinoma

Prolonged laparoscopic nephroureterectomy (LNU) for upper tract urothelial cancer (UTUC) can increase the frequency of intravesical recurrence after surgery. Therefore, it is important for urological surgeons ...

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Explore the latest in urology, including recent advances in treatment of UTIs, incontinence, and prostate and bladder cancers.

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This cohort study examines the incidence, prevalence, and survival rates of prostate cancer in the UK from 2000 to 2021.

This randomized clinical trial compares the effect of transperineal vs transrectal prostate biopsy on infection rates after biopsy.

This nonrandomized clinical trial evaluates the safety, pharmacokinetics, and preliminary efficacy of rogaratinib in combination with the programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 inhibitor atezolizumab in cisplatin-ineligible patients with FGFR messenger RNA–positive, locally advanced/metastatic urothelial cancer.

This comparative effectiveness research investigates factors associated with the difference in the observed effect of lutetium Lu 177 vipivotide tetraxetan prostate-specific membrane antigen on overall survival between the TheraP and VISION randomized clinical trials among patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer.

• Three-Dimensional Models in Surgery—A Procedural Aid or a Decisional Aid? JAMA Network Open Opinion September 16, 2024 Minimally Invasive Surgery Oncology Surgery Urologic Cancer Reproductive Health Full Text | pdf link PDF open access

This secondary analysis of a randomized clinical trial examines the effects of using 3-dimensional (3D) digital models during operative planning of robotic-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy on oncological, sexual, and urinary outcomes.

This case-control study examines the interactions between West African genetic ancestry and neighborhood deprivation in association with modifying prostate cancer risk and mortality among Black and White US men.

This review summarizes the epidemiology, clinical presentation, pathophysiology, and management of renal cell carcinoma.

This cohort study uses electronic medical records to compare treatment and clinical outcomes for the 3 androgen receptor inhibitors (ARI) indicated for patients with nonmetastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer.

This cohort study examines whether prediagnostic use of 5-alpha-reductase-inhibitors is associated with mortality outcomes among individuals with prostate cancer.

This nonrandomized controlled trial aims to determine the activity of olaparib monotherapy among patients with high-risk biochemically recurrent prostate cancer after radical prostatectomy.

• Preventive Pharmacologic Therapy for Kidney Stone Disease JAMA Network Open Opinion August 22, 2024 Acid Base, Electrolytes, Fluids Hypertension Reproductive Health Nephrology Full Text | pdf link PDF open access

This cohort study examines trends in the demographic and clinical characteristics of US men newly diagnosed with intermediate-risk prostate cancer whose treatment utilized active surveillance.

This cohort study examines the association between thiazide dose and urine calcium reduction and correlates urine calcium changes with the occurrence of symptomatic kidney stone events.

This cohort study uses data from the US Department of Veterans Affairs to compare clinical outcomes of treatment initiation of abiraterone acetate vs enzalutamide in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer.

This Viewpoint describes new maximum contaminant levels set by the Environmental Protection Agency for specific perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) and discusses the role clinicians can play in addressing their patients’ PFAS health concerns.

• Adjuvant Therapy for Non–Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma—The Ascent Continues JAMA Network Open Opinion August 6, 2024 Oncology Nephrology Urologic Cancer Full Text | pdf link PDF open access

This secondary analysis of a randomized clinical trial assessed the effect of adjuvant everolimus after nephrectomy on recurrence-free and overall survival in patients with localized papillary or chromophobe renal cell carcinoma.

This cross-sectional study explores sociodemographic and temporal trends among the oldest US fathers (age ≥50 years) and their associations to with perinatal outcomes among all US live births.

• Fathers in the United States Are Getting Older JAMA Network Open Opinion August 1, 2024 Assisted Reproduction Obstetrics Obstetrics and Gynecology Neonatology Pediatrics Full Text | pdf link PDF open access

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Current Opinion in Urology

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September 2024 - Volume 34 - Issue 5

• Editor-in-Chief: Johannes W. Vieweg & Shahrokh F Shariat
• ISSN: 0963-0643
• Online ISSN: 1473-6586
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Current Opinion in Urology. 34(5):v-vi, September 2024.

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TRANSGENDER HEALTH

Edited by william boysen and geolani dy, gender affirming surgery.

Current Opinion in Urology. 34(5):307, September 2024.

Patient education and surgical decision-making in genital gender-affirming surgery

Current Opinion in Urology. 34(5):308-313, September 2024.

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CLIMATE AND UROLOGY

Edited by alexander cole, urology on a warming planet: navigating challenges and seizing opportunities for providers and patients.

Current Opinion in Urology. 34(5):350-351, September 2024.

Plant-based diets, animal agriculture, and the connection with urological and planetary health

Current Opinion in Urology. 34(5):352-357, September 2024.

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Advancements in Understanding and Managing Radiation Cystitis: A Comprehensive Review

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September 19th 2024

"A global consensus on standardization of terminology, separation of LUTS vs pain for outcome, HL positivity and negativity, markers for disease, and the role of new interventions for local vs systemic therapy is needed," writes Gopal H. Badlani, MD.

According to the authors, "These results support the use of Benmelstobart plus anlotinib as a new first-line treatment for advanced RCC.”

"But for physicians considering chemotherapy for which there is equipoise, the Decipher test could be used to swing the decision one way or the other," says Gerhardt Attard, MD, PhD, FRCP.

September 18th 2024

“There is no clear evidence that adding metformin to standard of care increases overall survival in unselected patients with metastatic hormone-sensitive disease," said Silke Gillessen, MD.

Andrea Necchi, MD, reported that pCR was 42% (95% CI, 28-56) in cohort 1 and 23% (95% CI, 10-41) in cohort 2.

PEACE-1 ancillary study: Biomarkers predict prognosis but not abiraterone benefit in mCSPC

Patients with at least 1 NE-positive marker were shown to have a worsened rPFS and OS.

UpFrontPSMA: 177Lu-PSMA-617 shows potential in mHSPC

In the experimental arm, 41% of patients had an undetectable PSA level at week 48 vs 16% in the control arm (OR=3.88; 95% CI, 1.61-9.38, P = .002).

Cabozantinib/atezolizumab improves PFS, shows no significant OS benefit in mCRPC

According to the authors, data from the CONTACT-02 trial show that cabozantinib plus atezolizumab may benefit selected patients with mCRPC.

EV/pembrolizumab yields PFS, OS, ORR benefits regardless of Nectin-4 level

“What we’ve shown is [EV/pembrolizumab] outperforming chemotherapy in all subgroups," says Thomas B. Powles, MBBS, MRCP, MD.

Darolutamide plus ADT shows rPFS benefit in mHSPC

According to the authors, “darolutamide significantly reduced the risk of radiological progression or death by 46%” (HR=0.54, 95% CI, 0.41-0.71, P < .0001).

Serum glycoproteins may predict response to nivolumab/cabozantinib in aRCC

On Cox regression analysis, glycoproteins were predictive of PFS response to nivolumab plus cabozantinib vs sunitinib (P < .01).

Radium223, chemotherapy improves mCRPC quality of life in phase 2 RAPSON

New data from ESMO 2024 support an initial dose of Radium223 prior to chemotherapy among patients with mCRPC.

SPLASH: 177Lu-PNT2002 achieves phase 3 outcomes for mCRPC

New findings from the open-label SPLASH trial show patients with mCRPC achieved improved progression-free survival as well as response rates and antigen-specific reductions.

NIAGARA: Durvalumab plus chemo improves EFS and OS in cisplatin-eligible MIBC

“The overall survival showed a 25% reduction in the risk of death. This is statistically significant,” said Thomas B. Powles, MBBS, MRCP, MD.

Extended follow-up shows DFS benefit for pembrolizumab in MIUC

At a median follow-up of 44.8 months, median DFS in the pembrolizumab arm was 29.6 months vs 14.2 months in the observation arm.

TAR-200 yields high CR rate in BCG-unresponsive NMIBC

The results “support the prioritized development of TAR-200 monotherapy in patients with BCG-unresponsive high-risk non–muscle-invasive bladder cancer," said Michiel van der Heijden, MD, PhD.

Enzalutamide plus Ra223 significantly boosts rPFS in mCRPC

Median OS was 35.0 months in the enzalutamide-alone arm vs 42.3 months in the combination arm.

Ipilimumab / nivolumab significantly improves 12-month nccRCC survival in SUNNIFORECAST

Late-breaking data from ESMO 2024 suggest ipilimumab / nivolumab may be a new standard of care for non-clear cell renal cell cancer.

NKT2152 shows strong efficacy in advanced clear cell renal cell carcinoma

“NKT2152 demonstrated robust anti-tumor activity in a heavily pretreated, high-risk advanced clear cell renal cell carcinoma population," said Eric Jonasch, MD.

BL-B01D1 shows favorable phase 2 efficacy, safety for urothelial carcinoma

Investigators observed promising clinical effect with the EGFR / HER3 bispecific antibody-drug conjugate.

Belzutifan is associated with PFS and ORR gains in advanced kidney cancer

"These final analysis results of LITESPARK-005 support belzutifan as a treatment option in refractory kidney cancer after checkpoint inhibitor and VEGFR-TKI therapy," says Brian Rini, MD.

ICI combination rechallenge does not improve outcomes in advanced renal cell carcinoma

Data from the TiNivo-2 trial showed a median progression-free survival of 5.7 months in the tivozanib plus nivolumab arm vs 7.4 months in tivozanib monotherapy arm.

Trial of 67Cu-SAR-bisPSMA in mCRPC progresses through multi-dose cohort

Based on preliminary data, the Safety Review Committee has recommended that the trial proceed with dosing the final 3 patients in the cohort.

GU cancer diagnoses may have adverse health impacts for patients’ family members

“As health care professionals, we should take a multidisciplinary approach to addressing the stress of a cancer diagnosis by helping mitigate financial toxicity, treatment burden, and emotional impact on both the patient and their family," says Mouneeb M. Choudry, MD.

NSD1/2 may serve as potential therapeutic targets in prostate cancer

“NSD2 is a cancer specific collaborator of the androgen receptor that essentially rewires its activity to support prostate cancer development," says Abhijit Parolia, PhD,

TLX250-CDx data published in Lancet Oncology as company seeks FDA approval

The ZIRCON trial reported high accuracy of TLX250-CDx in detecting and characterizing ccRCC in patients with indeterminate renal masses.

Pediatric urinary microbiome composition is associated with recurrent UTI

“We hope to learn more about the urinary tract and then be able to correlate predisposition to UTIs or other urological conditions with urobiome composition or marker microbe presence,” says Tatyana A. Sysoeva, PhD.

Piflufolastat (18F) enters commercial market in Spain

Piflufolastat (18F) is being produced at 2 Curium facilities in Madrid and 1 in Sevilla.

Data show short-term benefit of certain hormonal treatments for GSM

Data showed that vaginal estrogen, vaginal DHEA, oral ospemifene, and vaginal moisturizers may provide benefit in the management of symptoms related to GSM.

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With over 30 active projects in every stage, from initial drafting and literature research to papers waiting on comments from journal submission, the Urology Health Services Research Division is always looking for ways to improve the delivery, access, and quality of care. Our many projects cover an extensive range of subject areas, including:

The United States is in the midst of an opioid epidemic that has only worsened over the COVID-19 pandemic. In the US, surgeons are responsible for up to 10% of opioid prescriptions annually. Recent studies of US populations have demonstrated significant risks of persistent opioid use and overdose in opioid-naive patients who receive post-discharge opioid prescriptions after undergoing urological surgeries. Furthermore, opioid prescribing often exceeds patient's needs by 2-7 fold postoperatively and research has demonstrated that >60% of the excess unused opioids prescribed to patients are not stored securely or disposed of properly. As a result, these unused opioids are susceptible to diversion within the greater community, broadening their impact.

Surgeons, specifically, have been subject to scrutiny as 'adequate treatment' of post-surgical pain is poorly defined and data suggest that many patients receive much larger opioid prescriptions than needed. Several solutions to this crisis are currently being enacted with variable success, including Prescription Drug Monitoring Programs, policy level interventions aimed to de-incentivize over prescribing, limiting opioid exposures through Enhanced Recovery After Surgery protocols, and the novel idea of creating surgery and/or procedure specific prescribing guidelines. It remains critical, however, that we as physicians and prescribers find a way to stop the needless over prescribing while still treating postoperative pain appropriately.

Routine screening for breast, prostate, lung, cervical, and colorectal cancer reduces cancer mortality, yet it is not performed equitably amongst different patient populations. The evaluation of screening patterns within our community provides an opportunity to improve oncological outcomes and advance health equity. Like most of our healthcare system, disparities in cancer screening serve as a significant driver of the morbidity and mortality of these malignancies. These disparities stem from several historical inequities with downstream effects that continue to permeate our society. Not only do these differences often result in worse oncological outcomes, but they also serve to increase the costs on an already burdened healthcare system. Collectively, they are termed social determinants of health and include race, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, education level, healthcare settings (urban vs. rural), access to an established primary care provider, health insurance status, sex, and the presence of pre-existing chronic conditions.

In recent years, cancer treatment has dramatically shifted towards a centralized model of care, whereby patients with cancer selectively receive complex treatment at regional referral centers, which tend to be tertiary cancer centers. Centralization is associated with improved outcomes for the patients who receive care at regional referral centers for a variety of reasons, including better resources and personnel who treat high volumes of patients. However, the broader impact of centralization on outcomes at the population level remains unknown. Of specific concern are the patients who do not receive care at these centers, but instead continue to receive care at non-regional referral centers, which generally treat lower volumes of patients. These “left behind” patients may suffer poor outcomes due to decreased access to high-quality care. Moreover, to the degree these patients represent traditionally underserved patients (i.e., sociodemographic groups that have long experienced health disparities such as racial and ethnic minorities, low-income individuals, and rural residents), the trend towards centralized cancer care may inadvertently widen disparities in outcomes, worsening care for those patients left behind.

Private equity (PE) acquisition of urology practice has become the predominant mode of consolidation within the specialty in the past decade. After acquisition of a medical practice, PE firms commonly deploy a “buy and build” model, whereby they attempt to increase revenue and decrease costs to grow practice valuation before selling the practice within 3 to 7 years to the next larger private equity firm. Despite the growing proportion of PE-owned urology clinics, the impact of this ownership model on access to outpatient urologic care is not fully understood.

Rural residence is associated with poor access to health care and health outcomes across a range of conditions, including cancer. In the realm of cancer surgery, rural patients experience barriers to accessing surgery and have poorer surgical outcomes than patients in urban areas. These disparities arise in part because of the limited supply of health care providers and limited financial resources of rural hospitals. Efforts to regionalize cancer care in response to evidence of strong volume-outcome relationships for cancer surgery may improve outcomes for some patients but create unintended consequences, including straining the already limited resources of rural hospitals and limiting access for patients who prefer local treatment options.

In June 2019, the AUA published a best practice clinical guideline statement in response to concerns of rising antimicrobial resistance worldwide and need for further antibiotic stewardship. The new best practice clinical guidelines encompass all common urologic procedures. There is increasing research to support a more judicious use of antibiotics as recommended by the AUA that will benefit the index patient as well as the larger community. Antibiotic prophylaxis requires that antibiotics be prescribed only when necessary, with the narrowest required spectrum of activity and the shortest duration possible. Increased compliance with published antibiotic prophylaxis guidelines has been shown previously to reduce pathogen resistance, antibiotic drug costs, and adverse events related to antibiotics.

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The top 100 cited articles in urology

We identified and analyzed the characteristics of the 100 most frequently cited articles published between 1965 and 2007 in journals pertaining to urology and related fields.

We selected 69 of the highest impact urology and sub-specialty journals and 22 of the highest impact general medical and medical research journals from the 2006 edition of Journal Citation Reports: Science edition. We identified the 100 most frequently cited urological articles published in these 91 journals using the Science Citation Index Expanded (1965–present). We reviewed and analyzed the articles.

The top 100 articles were cited a mean of 629 times (range 418–1435) and published between 1965 and 2003, with 89% published after 1979 and 54% published in the 1990s. Fifteen journals were represented, led by The New England Journal of Medicine (30), The Journal of Urology (22) and Lancet (11). Ninety publications originated from North America (81) or the United Kingdom (9). Johns Hopkins University (13), Harvard University (5), Stanford University (5) and University of California, Los Angeles (5) published the most articles. Five urologists were first authors of 2 or more of the articles. Fifty-six articles reported observational studies. Oncology (51) and transplantation (20) were the most commonly represented urological subfields.

These top-cited articles in urology identify topics and authors that contributed to major advances in urology. Observational studies and randomized controlled trials in oncology published in high-impact urological or medical journals constitute the most common type of highly cited publications.

Résumé

Renseignements généraux.

Nous avons dégagé et analysé les car-actéristiques des 100 articles les plus souvent cités publiés dans des périodiques spécialisés en urologie et dans les domaines connexes entre 1965 et 2007.

Méthodologie

Soixante-neuf des périodiques les plus influents en urologie et dans les domaines connexes et 22 des périodiques les plus influents en médecine générale et en recherche médicale ont été choisis à partir du Journal Citation Reports: Science Edition de 2006. Les 100 articles les plus souvent cités dans le domaine de l’urologie ayant paru dans ces 91 périodiques ont été dégagés à partir du Science Citation Index Expanded (de 1965 à aujourd’hui). Les articles ont été passés en revue et analysés.

Résultats

Les 100 principaux articles ont été cités en moyenne 629 fois (écart : 418 à 1435) et publiés entre 1965 et 2003; 89 % ont été publiés après 1979 et 54 %, dans les années 90. Quinze périodiques étaient représentés, avec en tête le New England Journal of Medicine (30), le Journal of Urology (22) et Lancet (11). Quatre-vingt-dix périodiques étaient publiés en Amérique du Nord (81) ou au Royaume-Uni (9). Johns Hopkins (13), Harvard (5), Stanford (5), et l’Université de la Californie à Los Angeles (5) sont les universités qui ont publié le plus d’articles. Cinq urologues étaient les premiers auteurs de plus de 2 articles. Cinquante-six articles signalaient les résultats d’études observationnelles. L’oncologie (51) et les transplantations (20) étaient les sous-domaines les plus souvent représentés.

Ces articles les plus cités en urologie permettent de cerner les auteurs et les sujets qui se trouvent au cœur des prin-cipales percées dans le domaine de l’urologie. Les études obser-vationnelles et les études contrôlées avec randomisation publiées dans les périodiques influents traitant d’urologie ou de médecine générale constituent le type le plus fréquemment observé parmi les articles les plus souvent cités.

Introduction

Citation analysis is the field of bibliometrics that examines the citation relationships between authors or their work. 1 The number of times that articles are referenced in other articles is widely used to measure the impact an article or individual researcher has on the scientific community. It is often seen as a direct measure of the recognition that work has warranted in its scientific field. In some circumstances, this number is also viewed as a measure of quality. 2 However, there is considerable debate regarding the value of citation rates when used to assess the quality of research. 2

Recently, various specialties have attempted to identify and analyze the “citation classics” in their field. 2 – 4 In addition, several journals have published their own citation classics. 5 , 6 To date, a comprehensive list of the top-cited articles in the field of urology is not available.

The purpose of this study was to identify and analyze the characteristics of the 100 most frequently cited articles published in journals dedicated to urology and its related fields.

We selected 63 of the highest impact journals dedicated to urology and its subspecialty areas and 22 of the highest impact general medical and medical research journals from the 2006 edition of Journal Citation Reports [JCR]: Science edition ( Box 1 ). The impact factor of journals is calculated based on a 2-year period. It can be viewed as the mean number of citations in a year given to those papers in a journal that were published during the 2 preceding years. We found the 63 urology and subspecialty journals under the subject categories “Urology & Nephrology” and “Transplantation” in the JCR 2006. We included all journals except 4 nephrology journals and 5 transplant journals because they did not pertain to urology. We selected the 22 general medical and medical research journals by searching the JCR 2006 subject categories “Medicine, General & Internal” and “Medicine Research & Experimental.” We then ranked the journals in these subject categories by impact factor. We included all journals whose top-cited articles received greater than 10 citations.

Journals selected for screening

To be as comprehensive as possible, we attempted to identify any further urological journals in existence. Employing an internet search for [urology journals] via the search engine Google yielded an additional 2 urological journals, Urologic Radiology and Urologic Oncology . We then cross-referenced this new compiled list of 87 journals with the list of journals searched in the textbook Classic Papers in Urology 7 and subsequently included 4 additional urological journals. In total, we searched 91 journals (69 urological/subspecialty, 22 medical/research).

We identified the 100 most frequently cited urological articles from the 91 journals using the database of the Science Citation Index Expanded (1965–present). 8 This database includes publications from the 42-year period 1965–2007. We searched each of the 91 journals using the database and we included every article that received greater than 100 citations in a comprehensive ranked list. The top 100 articles from this list made up our final list of the top 100 cited articles in urology. We accessed and reviewed the articles online using MEDLINE. When relevant information was unavailable online, we obtained the articles in print format. We analyzed the articles and tabulated the data according to the following predefined parameters: number of citations, year of publication, country of origin, institution, journal, type of article, subfield of urology and authorship.

The top 100 cited articles are listed in Table 1 in descending order, according to the number of citations they received. The mean number of citations per article was 629 (range 418–1435). The top 100 cited articles were published between 1965 and 2003. The oldest article was published in 1965 (Stamey et al., Medicine , 1965) and the most recent article in 2003 (Yang et al., New England Journal of Medicine, 2003). Overall, 89% of the articles were published after 1979.

The 100 articles originated from 12 countries ( Table 2 ). Twelve institutions published 2 or more of the top-cited articles ( Table 3 ). Five investigators were first authors of 2 or more of the top-cited articles ( Table 4 ).

Countries of origin of the top 100 cited articles in urology

Institutions of origin with 2 or more top-cited articles in urology

Most common first and second authors of the top 100 cited articles in urology

Despite the fact that we searched 91 high-impact journals, only 15 (16%) of these journals were represented by the top 100 articles ( Table 5 ). Table 6 depicts the types of studies that constitute the top-cited articles. A total of 56 (56%) were observational studies. Oncology (51, 51%) and transplantation (20, 20%) were the most commonly represented subspecialties ( Table 7 ).

Journals in which the top 100 cited urological articles were published

Study design of the top 100 cited articles in urology

Most common subspecialties represented in the top 100 cited articles in urology

Analysis of most frequently cited articles and the journals in which they appear serves several purposes. It identifies and emphasizes the impact of the work of our colleagues and predecessors, recognizes key advances in urology and adds useful perspective on historical developments in our specialty. 3 Use of citation analysis to examine the urological literature also reveals quantitative information about authors, topics and journals that is helpful in identifying classic works and high-impact journals. 3

Although it is not possible to provide a detailed analysis of all 100 articles, some interesting observations can be made about the top 10. These reflect major advances in urology and a number of “hot topics” over the years. Three of the top 10 articles represent the monumental contribution of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and gleason grading to the investigation and management of prostate cancer. At position 2, Stamey and colleagues describe PSA as a serum marker for prostate cancer in 1987. At position 5, Catalona and coauthors introduce PSA as a screening test for prostate cancer in 1991, and at position 9, Gleason and Mellinge describe the combination of histological grading with clinical stage to predict prostate cancer prognosis in 1974. Other major advances in the treatment of urological diseases are represented by Einhorn and Donohue in 1977 at position 3, with treatment of disseminated testicular cancer using cis-platinum-based chemotherapy; Palermo and coworkers in 1992 at position 4, with the introduction of intracytoplasmic sperm injection for the treatment of infertility; and Goldstein and colleagues at position 6, reporting on sildenafil for the treatment of erectile dysfunction. Men’s health has been a topic generating much discussion in recent years and is represented by Feldman and coauthors in 1994 at position 1, with the results of the Massachusetts Male Aging Study, along with Sharpe and Skakkebaek in 1993 at position 10, with the effects of estrogen on men’s fertility. The remaining 2 articles within the top 10 positions reflect the development of important clinical tools in urology, namely, Racusen and colleagues in 1999 with the Banff histological classification of renal allograft rejection, and Barry and coworkers in 1992 with the AUA [American Urological Association] symptom index score for benign prostatic hyperplasia.

The finding that most top-cited articles originated from the United States is not surprising and is consistent with the origin of citation classics in the fields of anesthesia 2 and general surgery. 4 The size of the American surgical community, its wealth and scientific output is larger than anywhere else worldwide, and does create bias in publication and citation rates. 4 In addition, US authors tend to cite US articles, and US reviewers prefer US manuscripts. 4

Our most frequently cited articles were published in high-impact journals. This is consistent with the finding that leading journals attract articles that are most likely to be the most highly cited publications, which in turn maintain the high impact factor of these journals. 4 Further, one journal has actually published an open call for authors to cite more recent articles from journals with a high impact factor to raise the former’s impact factor. 9 This makes apparent the motivation and demonstrates one way in which citation counts may be manipulated.

Most of the articles retrieved were observational studies. This is contrary to many studies of the top-cited articles in other fields which report that review articles and methodological publications predominate. 2 This has been explained by the need for authors to summarize and critically evaluate the rapidly expanding literature, but could also be a result of the restriction on the maximum number of allowed references of manuscripts enforced by many journals today. 2 It is encouraging that original research predominated in our study. Urologists and clinicians in general need to continue to produce well-designed research studies, and readers need to continue to keep abreast of the most original and important scientific and medical advances.

One cannot assume that the top 100 cited articles presented here represent true “classics” or landmark articles owing to multiple sources of bias in the use of citation counts to rank articles. It should be noted that citation ranking is not intended to be a measure of quality, but rather a measure of recognition, that is, the absolute number of citations an article has accumulated cannot be used as the sole determinant of its importance. Time can have multiple effects on an article’s citation ranking. With increasing age, each paper has more time in which to have been cited; therefore, the group of highest ranking articles can be dominated by some of the oldest. 6 It has been reported that the true impact and eminence of an article often cannot be accurately assessed for at least 2 decades. 2 Conversely, as time passes, even “landmark” papers may gradually become less cited because their content is absorbed into current knowledge without the need for referencing, as described by Garfield 5 in 1987 — a process known as “obliteration by incorporation.” Older publications may also become obsolete or simply forgotten. Papers that present novel techniques or methods that were once “popular” but have since ceased to be so can be over-represented. 4 Another criticism of citation analysis is that databases do not distinguish between positive or negative citations. 2 A paper that is repeatedly cited because it was flawed or subsequently disproved could conceivably rank highly in a study such as ours; however, most readers probably would agree that it should not be included in the pantheon of landmark urological articles. Authors are supposed to acknowledge works that have influenced them the most, but this is not always the case. Both journal and author self-citation are prevalent sources of bias in citation analysis. 9 Author and journal self-citations are not removed from citation counts or from the calculation of impact factors. As a result, both sources of bias may misrepresent the importance of individual articles, skew the calculation of journal impact factors and bias perceptions of the importance of a publication. 9

Citations of original articles are generated when subsequent original articles reference that work; however, other types of papers such as reviews, meeting proceedings, abstracts and editorials also generate citations and are included in the Institute for Scientific Information database. 1 Should citations from subsequent original articles be weighted differently? Incomplete citing and omission bias (bias toward not referencing competitors or sources contradictory to one’s own results) are also problematic. 2 Related to this, many journals, including The Journal of Urology, restrict the reference list to 20 original scientific publications, partly to control journal size but also to ensure that only the most recent and relevant papers are cited. 10 This could lead to both incomplete and biased reference lists.

Our use of the 2006 impact factors to identify journals could be criticized since the citation counts of articles spanned the period of 1965 to present. To account for this we attempted to identify all urological journals from 1965 to 2007 using the Internet, consulting librarians and reviewing Gerharz and colleagues’ book Classic Papers in Urology . Even with this technique, there is no doubt that articles related to urology exist in journals we did not search. A search for articles in journals of pathology, obstetrics and gynecology, cancer, pediatrics and further basic-science research, to name a few, would likely yield a different, if not more comprehensive, list. In addition, important historical articles were omitted because of the lack of electronic data before 1965.

Citation analysis reveals useful and interesting information about scientific communications in our specialty. Observational studies and randomized controlled trials in oncology published in high-impact English urological or general medical journals constitute the most common type of highly cited publications in urology. Our findings reflect the attention that articles have received over the past 42 years, can be interpreted in many ways and should provoke informed debate. This information, along with current bibliometric indices, should assist urologists to optimize their time spent reading the medical literature and help guide future investigative efforts.

See related article on page 303

Competing interests: None declared

This article has been peer reviewed.

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• Published: 11 June 2024

Engaging medical students in urological academic research

• Kamil Malshy 1 ,
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Medical students provide an unmistakable contribution to clinical research, owing to a diverse skill set, spanning from data collection to analysis and academic writing. Being involved in clinical urology also helps students to clarify career paths and boost competitiveness for residency matches. However, medical students’ involvement encounters challenges, including time constraints and a need for honed research skills. Addressing these hurdles necessitates effective mentorship.

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The authors thank all the students who helped with their research at Brown Urology. They could not have done these projects without their help and support.

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In 1906, a 7.9 magnitude earthquake caused 3,000+ deaths in San Francisco. This guide provides access to materials related to the "1906 San Francisco Earthquake" in the Chronicling America digital collection of historic newspapers.

Comic Strips: In the late 1800s, comic strips exploded in popularity in American newspapers. This guide provides access to materials related to “Comic Strips.”

In the late 1800s, comic strips exploded in popularity in American newspapers. This guide provides access to materials related to “Comic Strips” in the Chronicling America digital collection of historic newspapers.

About the Newspaper & Current Periodical Reading Room

The Serial & Government Publications Division maintains one of the most extensive newspaper collections in the world. Beyond its newspaper holdings, the Division also has extensive collections of current periodicals, government publications, and comic books. These collections are accessed in the Newspaper & Current Periodical Reading Room which is located in Room LM-133 in the James Madison building in Washington, D.C.

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• Last Updated: Jun 3, 2024 12:57 PM
• URL: https://guides.loc.gov/chronicling-america-topics