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Know How to Structure Your PhD Thesis

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In your academic career, few projects are more important than your PhD thesis. Unfortunately, many university professors and advisors assume that their students know how to structure a PhD. Books have literally been written on the subject, but there’s no need to read a book in order to know about PhD thesis paper format and structure. With that said, however, it’s important to understand that your PhD thesis format requirement may not be the same as another student’s. The bottom line is that how to structure a PhD thesis often depends on your university and department guidelines.

But, let’s take a look at a general PhD thesis format. We’ll look at the main sections, and how to connect them to each other. We’ll also examine different hints and tips for each of the sections. As you read through this toolkit, compare it to published PhD theses in your area of study to see how a real-life example looks.

Main Sections of a PhD Thesis

In almost every PhD thesis or dissertation, there are standard sections. Of course, some of these may differ, depending on your university or department requirements, as well as your topic of study, but this will give you a good idea of the basic components of a PhD thesis format.

• Abstract : The abstract is a brief summary that quickly outlines your research, touches on each of the main sections of your thesis, and clearly outlines your contribution to the field by way of your PhD thesis. Even though the abstract is very short, similar to what you’ve seen in published research articles, its impact shouldn’t be underestimated. The abstract is there to answer the most important question to the reviewer. “Why is this important?”
• Introduction : In this section, you help the reviewer understand your entire dissertation, including what your paper is about, why it’s important to the field, a brief description of your methodology, and how your research and the thesis are laid out. Think of your introduction as an expansion of your abstract.
• Literature Review : Within the literature review, you are making a case for your new research by telling the story of the work that’s already been done. You’ll cover a bit about the history of the topic at hand, and how your study fits into the present and future.
• Theory Framework : Here, you explain assumptions related to your study. Here you’re explaining to the review what theoretical concepts you might have used in your research, how it relates to existing knowledge and ideas.
• Methods : This section of a PhD thesis is typically the most detailed and descriptive, depending of course on your research design. Here you’ll discuss the specific techniques you used to get the information you were looking for, in addition to how those methods are relevant and appropriate, as well as how you specifically used each method described.
• Results : Here you present your empirical findings. This section is sometimes also called the “empiracles” chapter. This section is usually pretty straightforward and technical, and full of details. Don’t shortcut this chapter.
• Discussion : This can be a tricky chapter, because it’s where you want to show the reviewer that you know what you’re talking about. You need to speak as a PhD versus a student. The discussion chapter is similar to the empirical/results chapter, but you’re building on those results to push the new information that you learned, prior to making your conclusion.
• Conclusion : Here, you take a step back and reflect on what your original goals and intentions for the research were. You’ll outline them in context of your new findings and expertise.

Tips for your PhD Thesis Format

As you put together your PhD thesis, it’s easy to get a little overwhelmed. Here are some tips that might keep you on track.

• Don’t try to write your PhD as a first-draft. Every great masterwork has typically been edited, and edited, and…edited.
• Work with your thesis supervisor to plan the structure and format of your PhD thesis. Be prepared to rewrite each section, as you work out rough drafts. Don’t get discouraged by this process. It’s typical.
• Make your writing interesting. Academic writing has a reputation of being very dry.
• You don’t have to necessarily work on the chapters and sections outlined above in chronological order. Work on each section as things come up, and while your work on that section is relevant to what you’re doing.
• Don’t rush things. Write a first draft, and leave it for a few days, so you can come back to it with a more critical take. Look at it objectively and carefully grammatical errors, clarity, logic and flow.
• Know what style your references need to be in, and utilize tools out there to organize them in the required format.
• It’s easier to accidentally plagiarize than you think. Make sure you’re referencing appropriately, and check your document for inadvertent plagiarism throughout your writing process.

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Tips for writing a PhD dissertation: FAQs answered

From how to choose a topic to writing the abstract and managing work-life balance through the years it takes to complete a doctorate, here we collect expert advice to get you through the PhD writing process

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Embarking on a PhD is “probably the most challenging task that a young scholar attempts to do”, write Mark Stephan Felix and Ian Smith in their practical guide to dissertation and thesis writing. After years of reading and research to answer a specific question or proposition, the candidate will submit about 80,000 words that explain their methods and results and demonstrate their unique contribution to knowledge. Here are the answers to frequently asked questions about writing a doctoral thesis or dissertation.

What’s the difference between a dissertation and a thesis?

Whatever the genre of the doctorate, a PhD must offer an original contribution to knowledge. The terms “dissertation” and “thesis” both refer to the long-form piece of work produced at the end of a research project and are often used interchangeably. Which one is used might depend on the country, discipline or university. In the UK, “thesis” is generally used for the work done for a PhD, while a “dissertation” is written for a master’s degree. The US did the same until the 1960s, says Oxbridge Essays, when the convention switched, and references appeared to a “master’s thesis” and “doctoral dissertation”. To complicate matters further, undergraduate long essays are also sometimes referred to as a thesis or dissertation.

The Oxford English Dictionary defines “thesis” as “a dissertation, especially by a candidate for a degree” and “dissertation” as “a detailed discourse on a subject, especially one submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements of a degree or diploma”.

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The title “doctor of philosophy”, incidentally, comes from the degree’s origins, write Dr Felix, an associate professor at Mahidol University in Thailand, and Dr Smith, retired associate professor of education at the University of Sydney , whose co-authored guide focuses on the social sciences. The PhD was first awarded in the 19th century by the philosophy departments of German universities, which at that time taught science, social science and liberal arts.

How long should a PhD thesis be?

A PhD thesis (or dissertation) is typically 60,000 to 120,000 words ( 100 to 300 pages in length ) organised into chapters, divisions and subdivisions (with roughly 10,000 words per chapter) – from introduction (with clear aims and objectives) to conclusion.

The structure of a dissertation will vary depending on discipline (humanities, social sciences and STEM all have their own conventions), location and institution. Examples and guides to structure proliferate online. The University of Salford , for example, lists: title page, declaration, acknowledgements, abstract, table of contents, lists of figures, tables and abbreviations (where needed), chapters, appendices and references.

A scientific-style thesis will likely need: introduction, literature review, materials and methods, results, discussion, bibliography and references.

As well as checking the overall criteria and expectations of your institution for your research, consult your school handbook for the required length and format (font, layout conventions and so on) for your dissertation.

A PhD takes three to four years to complete; this might extend to six to eight years for a part-time doctorate.

What are the steps for completing a PhD?

Before you get started in earnest , you’ll likely have found a potential supervisor, who will guide your PhD journey, and done a research proposal (which outlines what you plan to research and how) as part of your application, as well as a literature review of existing scholarship in the field, which may form part of your final submission.

In the UK, PhD candidates undertake original research and write the results in a thesis or dissertation, says author and vlogger Simon Clark , who posted videos to YouTube throughout his own PhD journey . Then they submit the thesis in hard copy and attend the viva voce (which is Latin for “living voice” and is also called an oral defence or doctoral defence) to convince the examiners that their work is original, understood and all their own. Afterwards, if necessary, they make changes and resubmit. If the changes are approved, the degree is awarded.

The steps are similar in Australia , although candidates are mostly assessed on their thesis only; some universities may include taught courses, and some use a viva voce. A PhD in Australia usually takes three years full time.

In the US, the PhD process begins with taught classes (similar to a taught master’s) and a comprehensive exam (called a “field exam” or “dissertation qualifying exam”) before the candidate embarks on their original research. The whole journey takes four to six years.

A PhD candidate will need three skills and attitudes to get through their doctoral studies, says Tara Brabazon , professor of cultural studies at Flinders University in Australia who has written extensively about the PhD journey :

• master the academic foundational skills (research, writing, ability to navigate different modalities)
• time-management skills and the ability to focus on reading and writing
• determined motivation to do a PhD.

How do I choose the topic for my PhD dissertation or thesis?

It’s important to find a topic that will sustain your interest for the years it will take to complete a PhD. “Finding a sustainable topic is the most important thing you [as a PhD student] would do,” says Dr Brabazon in a video for Times Higher Education . “Write down on a big piece of paper all the topics, all the ideas, all the questions that really interest you, and start to cross out all the ones that might just be a passing interest.” Also, she says, impose the “Who cares? Who gives a damn?” question to decide if the topic will be useful in a future academic career.

The availability of funding and scholarships is also often an important factor in this decision, says veteran PhD supervisor Richard Godwin, from Harper Adams University .

Define a gap in knowledge – and one that can be questioned, explored, researched and written about in the time available to you, says Gina Wisker, head of the Centre for Learning and Teaching at the University of Brighton. “Set some boundaries,” she advises. “Don’t try to ask everything related to your topic in every way.”

James Hartley, research professor in psychology at Keele University, says it can also be useful to think about topics that spark general interest. If you do pick something that taps into the zeitgeist, your findings are more likely to be noticed.

You also need to find someone else who is interested in it, too. For STEM candidates , this will probably be a case of joining a team of people working in a similar area where, ideally, scholarship funding is available. A centre for doctoral training (CDT) or doctoral training partnership (DTP) will advertise research projects. For those in the liberal arts and social sciences, it will be a matter of identifying a suitable supervisor .

Avoid topics that are too broad (hunger across a whole country, for example) or too narrow (hunger in a single street) to yield useful solutions of academic significance, write Mark Stephan Felix and Ian Smith. And ensure that you’re not repeating previous research or trying to solve a problem that has already been answered. A PhD thesis must be original.

What is a thesis proposal?

After you have read widely to refine your topic and ensure that it and your research methods are original, and discussed your project with a (potential) supervisor, you’re ready to write a thesis proposal , a document of 1,500 to 3,000 words that sets out the proposed direction of your research. In the UK, a research proposal is usually part of the application process for admission to a research degree. As with the final dissertation itself, format varies among disciplines, institutions and countries but will usually contain title page, aims, literature review, methodology, timetable and bibliography. Examples of research proposals are available online.

How to write an abstract for a dissertation or thesis

The abstract presents your thesis to the wider world – and as such may be its most important element , says the NUI Galway writing guide. It outlines the why, how, what and so what of the thesis . Unlike the introduction, which provides background but not research findings, the abstract summarises all sections of the dissertation in a concise, thorough, focused way and demonstrates how well the writer understands their material. Check word-length limits with your university – and stick to them. About 300 to 500 words is a rough guide ­– but it can be up to 1,000 words.

The abstract is also important for selection and indexing of your thesis, according to the University of Melbourne guide , so be sure to include searchable keywords.

It is the first thing to be read but the last element you should write. However, Pat Thomson , professor of education at the University of Nottingham , advises that it is not something to be tackled at the last minute.

How to write a stellar conclusion

As well as chapter conclusions, a thesis often has an overall conclusion to draw together the key points covered and to reflect on the unique contribution to knowledge. It can comment on future implications of the research and open up new ideas emanating from the work. It is shorter and more general than the discussion chapter , says online editing site Scribbr, and reiterates how the work answers the main question posed at the beginning of the thesis. The conclusion chapter also often discusses the limitations of the research (time, scope, word limit, access) in a constructive manner.

It can be useful to keep a collection of ideas as you go – in the online forum DoctoralWriting SIG , academic developer Claire Aitchison, of the University of South Australia , suggests using a “conclusions bank” for themes and inspirations, and using free-writing to keep this final section fresh. (Just when you feel you’ve run out of steam.) Avoid aggrandising or exaggerating the impact of your work. It should remind the reader what has been done, and why it matters.

How to format a bibliography (or where to find a reliable model)

Most universities use a preferred style of references , writes THE associate editor Ingrid Curl. Make sure you know what this is and follow it. “One of the most common errors in academic writing is to cite papers in the text that do not then appear in the bibliography. All references in your thesis need to be cross-checked with the bibliography before submission. Using a database during your research can save a great deal of time in the writing-up process.”

A bibliography contains not only works cited explicitly but also those that have informed or contributed to the research – and as such illustrates its scope; works are not limited to written publications but include sources such as film or visual art.

Examiners can start marking from the back of the script, writes Dr Brabazon. “Just as cooks are judged by their ingredients and implements, we judge doctoral students by the calibre of their sources,” she advises. She also says that candidates should be prepared to speak in an oral examination of the PhD about any texts included in their bibliography, especially if there is a disconnect between the thesis and the texts listed.

Can I use informal language in my PhD?

Don’t write like a stereotypical academic , say Kevin Haggerty, professor of sociology at the University of Alberta , and Aaron Doyle, associate professor in sociology at Carleton University , in their tongue-in-cheek guide to the PhD journey. “If you cannot write clearly and persuasively, everything about PhD study becomes harder.” Avoid jargon, exotic words, passive voice and long, convoluted sentences – and work on it consistently. “Writing is like playing guitar; it can improve only through consistent, concerted effort.”

Be deliberate and take care with your writing . “Write your first draft, leave it and then come back to it with a critical eye. Look objectively at the writing and read it closely for style and sense,” advises THE ’s Ms Curl. “Look out for common errors such as dangling modifiers, subject-verb disagreement and inconsistency. If you are too involved with the text to be able to take a step back and do this, then ask a friend or colleague to read it with a critical eye. Remember Hemingway’s advice: ‘Prose is architecture, not interior decoration.’ Clarity is key.”

How often should a PhD candidate meet with their supervisor?

Since the PhD supervisor provides a range of support and advice – including on research techniques, planning and submission – regular formal supervisions are essential, as is establishing a line of contact such as email if the candidate needs help or advice outside arranged times. The frequency varies according to university, discipline and individual scholars.

Once a week is ideal, says Dr Brabazon. She also advocates a two-hour initial meeting to establish the foundations of the candidate-supervisor relationship .

The University of Edinburgh guide to writing a thesis suggests that creating a timetable of supervisor meetings right at the beginning of the research process will allow candidates to ensure that their work stays on track throughout. The meetings are also the place to get regular feedback on draft chapters.

“A clear structure and a solid framework are vital for research,” writes Dr Godwin on THE Campus . Use your supervisor to establish this and provide a realistic view of what can be achieved. “It is vital to help students identify the true scientific merit, the practical significance of their work and its value to society.”

How to proofread your dissertation (what to look for)

Proofreading is the final step before printing and submission. Give yourself time to ensure that your work is the best it can be . Don’t leave proofreading to the last minute; ideally, break it up into a few close-reading sessions. Find a quiet place without distractions. A checklist can help ensure that all aspects are covered.

Proofing is often helped by a change of format – so it can be easier to read a printout rather than working off the screen – or by reading sections out of order. Fresh eyes are better at spotting typographical errors and inconsistencies, so leave time between writing and proofreading. Check with your university’s policies before asking another person to proofread your thesis for you.

As well as close details such as spelling and grammar, check that all sections are complete, all required elements are included , and nothing is repeated or redundant. Don’t forget to check headings and subheadings. Does the text flow from one section to another? Is the structure clear? Is the work a coherent whole with a clear line throughout?

Ensure consistency in, for example, UK v US spellings, capitalisation, format, numbers (digits or words, commas, units of measurement), contractions, italics and hyphenation. Spellchecks and online plagiarism checkers are also your friend.

How do you manage your time to complete a PhD dissertation?

Treat your PhD like a full-time job, that is, with an eight-hour working day. Within that, you’ll need to plan your time in a way that gives a sense of progress . Setbacks and periods where it feels as if you are treading water are all but inevitable, so keeping track of small wins is important, writes A Happy PhD blogger Luis P. Prieto.

Be specific with your goals – use the SMART acronym (specific, measurable, attainable, relevant and timely).

And it’s never too soon to start writing – even if early drafts are overwritten and discarded.

“ Write little and write often . Many of us make the mistake of taking to writing as one would take to a sprint, in other words, with relatively short bursts of intense activity. Whilst this can prove productive, generally speaking it is not sustainable…In addition to sustaining your activity, writing little bits on a frequent basis ensures that you progress with your thinking. The comfort of remaining in abstract thought is common; writing forces us to concretise our thinking,” says Christian Gilliam, AHSS researcher developer at the University of Cambridge ’s Centre for Teaching and Learning.

Make time to write. “If you are more alert early in the day, find times that suit you in the morning; if you are a ‘night person’, block out some writing sessions in the evenings,” advises NUI Galway’s Dermot Burns, a lecturer in English and creative arts. Set targets, keep daily notes of experiment details that you will need in your thesis, don’t confuse writing with editing or revising – and always back up your work.

What work-life balance tips should I follow to complete my dissertation?

During your PhD programme, you may have opportunities to take part in professional development activities, such as teaching, attending academic conferences and publishing your work. Your research may include residencies, field trips or archive visits. This will require time-management skills as well as prioritising where you devote your energy and factoring in rest and relaxation. Organise your routine to suit your needs , and plan for steady and regular progress.

How to deal with setbacks while writing a thesis or dissertation

Have a contingency plan for delays or roadblocks such as unexpected results.

Accept that writing is messy, first drafts are imperfect, and writer’s block is inevitable, says Dr Burns. His tips for breaking it include relaxation to free your mind from clutter, writing a plan and drawing a mind map of key points for clarity. He also advises feedback, reflection and revision: “Progressing from a rough version of your thoughts to a superior and workable text takes time, effort, different perspectives and some expertise.”

“Academia can be a relentlessly brutal merry-go-round of rejection, rebuttal and failure,” writes Lorraine Hope , professor of applied cognitive psychology at the University of Portsmouth, on THE Campus. Resilience is important. Ensure that you and your supervisor have a relationship that supports open, frank, judgement-free communication.

If you would like advice and insight from academics and university staff delivered direct to your inbox each week, sign up for the Campus newsletter .

Authoring a PhD Thesis: How to Plan, Draft, Write and Finish a Doctoral Dissertation (2003), by Patrick Dunleavy

Writing Your Dissertation in Fifteen Minutes a Day: A Guide to Starting, Revising, and Finishing Your Doctoral Thesis (1998), by Joan Balker

Challenges in Writing Your Dissertation: Coping with the Emotional, Interpersonal, and Spiritual Struggles (2015), by Noelle Sterne

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Harvard University Theses, Dissertations, and Prize Papers

The Harvard University Archives ’ collection of theses, dissertations, and prize papers document the wide range of academic research undertaken by Harvard students over the course of the University’s history.

Beyond their value as pieces of original research, these collections document the history of American higher education, chronicling both the growth of Harvard as a major research institution as well as the development of numerous academic fields. They are also an important source of biographical information, offering insight into the academic careers of the authors.

Spanning from the ‘theses and quaestiones’ of the 17th and 18th centuries to the current yearly output of student research, they include both the first Harvard Ph.D. dissertation (by William Byerly, Ph.D . 1873) and the dissertation of the first woman to earn a doctorate from Harvard ( Lorna Myrtle Hodgkinson , Ed.D. 1922).

Other highlights include:

• The collection of Mathematical theses, 1782-1839
• The 1895 Ph.D. dissertation of W.E.B. Du Bois, The suppression of the African slave trade in the United States, 1638-1871
• Ph.D. dissertations of astronomer Cecilia Payne-Gaposchkin (Ph.D. 1925) and physicist John Hasbrouck Van Vleck (Ph.D. 1922)
• Undergraduate honors theses of novelist John Updike (A.B. 1954), filmmaker Terrence Malick (A.B. 1966),  and U.S. poet laureate Tracy Smith (A.B. 1994)
• Undergraduate prize papers and dissertations of philosophers Ralph Waldo Emerson (A.B. 1821), George Santayana (Ph.D. 1889), and W.V. Quine (Ph.D. 1932)
• Undergraduate honors theses of U.S. President John F. Kennedy (A.B. 1940) and Chief Justice John Roberts (A.B. 1976)

What does a prize-winning thesis look like?

If you're a Harvard undergraduate writing your own thesis, it can be helpful to review recent prize-winning theses. The Harvard University Archives has made available for digital lending all of the Thomas Hoopes Prize winners from the 2019-2021 academic years.

Accessing These Materials

How to access materials at the Harvard University Archives

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How to find and request undergraduate honors theses

How to find and request Thomas Temple Hoopes Prize papers

How to find and request Bowdoin Prize papers

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Harvard faculty personal and professional archives, harvard student life collections: arts, sports, politics and social life, access materials at the harvard university archives.

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A PhD is the sum of years of research and writing. And as well as your final thesis, you may need to prepare a lot of papers during your studies. But whatever stage of your PhD you’re at, your written work needs to be clear and concise so you can make a strong argument. And this is where  proofreading  can help. So to give yourself the best chance of success, try our expert PhD editing services today.

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• Cambridge Libraries

Physical & Digital Collections

Theses & dissertations: home, access to theses and dissertations from other institutions and from the university of cambridge.

This guide provides information on searching for theses of Cambridge PhDs and for theses of UK universities and universities abroad. 

For information and guidance on depositing your thesis as a cambridge phd, visit the cambridge office of scholarly communication pages on theses here ., this guide gives essential information on how to obtain theses using the british library's ethos service. .

On the last weekend of October, the British Library became the victim of a major cyber-attack. Essential digital services including the BL catalogue, website and online learning resources went dark, with research services like the EThOS collection of more than 600,000 doctoral theses suddenly unavailable. The BL state that they anticipate restoring more services in the next few weeks, but disruption to certain services is now expected to persist for several months. For the latest news on the attack and information on the restoration of services, please follow the BL blog here:  Knowledge Matters blog  and access the LibGuide page here:  British Library Outage Update - Electronic Legal Deposit - LibGuides at University of Cambridge Subject Libraries

A full list of resources for searching theses online is provided by the Cambridge A-Z, available here .

University of Cambridge theses

Finding a cambridge phd thesis online via the institutional repository.

The University's institutional repository, Apollo , holds full-text digital versions of over 11,000 Cambridge PhD theses and is a rapidly growing collection deposited by Cambridge Ph.D. graduates. Theses in Apollo can be browsed via this link . More information on how to access theses by University of Cambridge students can be found on the access to Cambridge theses webpage.   The requirement for impending PhD graduates to deposit a digital version in order to graduate means the repository will be increasing at a rate of approximately 1,000 per year from this source.   About 200 theses are added annually through requests to make theses Open Access or via requests to digitize a thesis in printed format.

Locating and obtaining a copy of a Cambridge PhD thesis (not yet available via the repository)

Theses can be searched in iDiscover .  Guidance on searching for theses in iDiscover can be found here .   Requests for consultation of printed theses, not available online, should be made at the Manuscripts Reading Room (Email:  [email protected] Telephone: +44 (0)1223 333143).   Further information on the University Library's theses, dissertations and prize essays collections can be consulted at this link .

Researchers can order a copy of an unpublished thesis which was deposited in print form either through the Library’s  Digital Content Unit via the image request form , or, if the thesis has been digitised, it may be available in the Apollo repository. Copies of theses may be provided to researchers in accordance with the  law  and in a manner that is common across UK libraries.  The law allows us to provide whole copies of unpublished theses to individuals as long as they sign a declaration saying that it is for non-commercial research or private study.

How to make your thesis available online through Cambridge's institutional repository

Are you a Cambridge alumni and wish to make your Ph.D. thesis available online? You can do this by depositing it in Apollo the University's institutional repository. Click here for further information on how to proceed.    Current Ph.D students at the University of Cambridge can find further information about the requirements to deposit theses on the Office of Scholarly Communication theses webpages.

UK Theses and Dissertations

Electronic copies of Ph.D. theses submitted at over 100 UK universities are obtainable from EThOS , a service set up to provide access to all theses from participating institutions. It achieves this by harvesting e-theses from Institutional Repositories and by digitising print theses as they are ordered by researchers using the system. Over 250,000 theses are already available in this way. Please note that it does not supply theses submitted at the universities of Cambridge or Oxford although they are listed on EThOS.

Registration with EThOS is not required to search for a thesis but is necessary to download or order one unless it is stored in the university repository rather than the British Library (in which case a link to the repository will be displayed). Many theses are available without charge on an Open Access basis but in all other cases, if you are requesting a thesis that has not yet been digitised you will be asked to meet the cost. Once a thesis has been digitised it is available for free download thereafter.

When you order a thesis it will either be immediately available for download or writing to hard copy or it will need to be digitised. If you order a thesis for digitisation, the system will manage the process and you will be informed when the thesis is available for download/preparation to hard copy.

See the Search results section of the  help page for full information on interpreting search results in EThOS.

EThOS is managed by the British Library and can be found at http://ethos.bl.uk . For more information see About EThOS .

World-wide (incl. UK) theses and dissertations

Electronic versions of non-UK theses may be available from the institution at which they were submitted, sometimes on an open access basis from the institutional repository. A good starting point for discovering freely available electronic theses and dissertations beyond the UK is the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations (NDLTD) , which facilitates searching across institutions. Information can also usually be found on the library web pages of the relevant institution.

The DART Europe etheses portal lists several thousand full-text theses from a group of European universities.

The University Library subscribes to the ProQuest Dissertations and Theses  (PQDT) database which from August 31 2023 is accessed on the Web of Science platform.  To search this index select it from the Web of Science "Search in" drop-down list of databases (available on the Documents tab on WoS home page)

PQDT includes 2.4 million dissertation and theses citations, representing 700 leading academic institutions worldwide from 1861 to the present day. The database offers full text for most of the dissertations added since 1997 and strong retrospective full text coverage for older graduate works. Each dissertation published since July 1980 includes a 350-word abstract written by the author. Master's theses published since 1988 include 150-word abstracts.

IMPORTANT NOTE: The University Library only subscribes to the abstracting & indexing version of the ProQuest Dissertations and Theses database and NOT the full text version.  A fee is payable for ordering a dissertation from this source.   To obtain the full text of a dissertation as a downloadable PDF you can submit your request via the University Library Inter-Library Loans department (see contact details below). NB this service is only available to full and current members of the University of Cambridge.

Alternatively you can pay yourself for the dissertation PDF on the PQDT platform. Link from Web of Science record display of any thesis to PQDT by clicking on "View Details on ProQuest".  On the "Preview" page you will see an option "Order a copy" top right.  This will allow you to order your own copy from ProQuest directly.

Dissertations and theses submitted at non-UK universities may also be requested on Inter-Library Loan through the Inter-Library Loans department (01223 333039 or 333080, [email protected] )

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The Cost of Proofreading a PhD Thesis

Proofreading a phd thesis.

Proofreading a PhD Thesis can be a vast task and may require considerable time, for this reason you may wish to hire the services of a professional proofreading service. The costs can vary depending on which company you select. Generally speaking a reputable firm is most likely to charge you a rate based on per 1,000 words of your PhD thesis.

Proofreading a PhD Thesis Prices

From our experience market prices for proofreading a PhD thesis can vary between £8 per 1,000 words to as much as £16 per 1,000 words. When selecting a company we would however, recommend looking into the history of the company, does it appear that they are reputable and long established? Do they have positive reviews? Providing you are happy with these factors it is then a case of balancing the costs and merits of using a particular service.

Our Proofreading Prices

At Express Proofreading we receive many enquires and orders from students and academics wishing to have their PhD thesis proofread. Our prices for our proofreading and editing service start from £11 per 1,000 words. However, for documents greater than 50,000 words we are able to offer a discount and reduce this price to £9 per 1,000 words , we believe this to be amongst the most competitive prices for such a service on the market.

Our Services

If you wish to find out more information about our academic proofreading services , please visit the academic proofreading page. Alternatively feel free to contact us and our team will be more than happy to assist you.

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We help you achieve a flawless thesis or dissertation.

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Our proofreading and editing services, competitively priced, are specifically crafted to enhance the quality of your thesis, dissertation, or academic paper. Our team of expert proofreaders and editors ensures a comprehensive review and enhancement of your work. We pay close attention to the style and tone during proofreading, while editing involves an in-depth analysis and necessary adjustments.

In addition to our key packages, we offer extensions like a red thread check for a logical flow, a formatting review for a consistent structure, and a citation verification for academic honesty. These services are designed with careful consideration of student-friendly proofreading prices and editing costs. Our goal is to ensure your dissertation or thesis not only meets but exceeds academic standards, enhancing its overall quality and impact. By choosing between different processing durations, you can get cheaper pricing, so plan the proofreading and editing of your paper in advance to take the fullest advantage.

✓ Punctuation

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• 2 Editing & Proofreading Within 3 Days
• 3 Editing & Proofreading Within 24 Hours
• 4 We recommend
• 5 After Editing Is Before Printing!
• 6 Customer Reviews
• 7 Any Questions?
• 8 Any Further Questions?

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Punctuation

Optimisation of expression

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Editing & proofreading within 24 hours, price examples.

Price example for a Bachelor’s thesis with 8,000 words:

Price example for a research paper with 3,000 words:

Price example for a PhD with 9,000 words:

Price example for a Master’s thesis with 12,000 words:

Price example for a dissertation with 15,000 words:

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Before the proofreading & editing process, we highly recommend you to run your academic paper through a plagiarism check to avoid any serious consequences that might affect your grade.

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Scribbr prides itself on a vast number of satisfied customers who have benefited from their proofreading services. Thus, they offer 24/7 support, ready to answer any questions at any time.

Worth every penny!

The comments and suggested changes were incredibly good, easy to understand and well argued. I chose the proofreading, structure check, and clarity check and it did not disappoint. I will definitely use this service again in the future. Highly recommended!

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Extremely professional and timely! Regis did an amazing job bringing my admission essay to life. It went from overly wordy and unclear to very professional and concise. If I don’t get into my desired program, it won’t be because of my essay.

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He provided clear and detailed…

He provided clear and detailed feedback, has an eye for language and clarity and even proofread sections I did not pay for.

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How much does the proofreading and editing service cost.

Choosing a proofreading and editing company that offers transparency and reliable pricing for your academic work is vital. Ideally, the cost should be predetermined before the proofreading and editing process to avoid any unexpected additional fees.

We assure students of affordable pricing when they opt for our proofreading services. Our pricing model is straightforward: it’s based on the word count of your document and the editing duration you select (options include 24 hours, 3 days, or 7 days). For instance, if you allow the proofreaders 7 days to work on your paper, the rate is set at $0.017 per word. This transparent pricing ensures you know exactly what to expect financially without any surprises.

What are the benefits of proofreading & editing services?

If you submit your academic paper to our online proofreading and editing services now, you will get the following benefits:

• Professional proofreading & editing
• Spell check
• Punctuation correction
• Flawless grammar
• Academic language
• Coherence for readability
• Native speaker proofreaders (e.g., English or French)
• Guaranteed meeting of deadlines
• Cost-effective prices for students
• Pick proofreading& editing duration (7 days, 3 days, 24 hours)

These accompany other benefits when you choose our professional proofreading & editing service for your thesis or dissertation.

How fast can the proofreading & editing service process my document?

Choose between 24 h, 3 days, or 7 days of processing time based on your time schedule of meeting deadlines and how much you would like to spend. Don’t worry, we will make sure that you will receive your proofread and edited document at your selected time.

The shorter the processing time for proofreading your paper, the more expensive it will be. Therefore, it is strongly advised to plan the proofreading & editing process of your academic work as soon as possible so you can benefit from a thoroughly proofread paper at a lower cost: To the proofreading & editing request

Are proofreading and editing services for thesis papers allowed?

Our proofreading and editing partner is a highly respected service provider, renowned for being a leading choice in proofreading and editing theses and dissertations for numerous years. We can confidently state that utilizing proofreading and editing services is completely permissible.

It’s important to distinguish that while proofreading and editing services are allowed, the actual writing or ghostwriting of parts or an entire academic thesis, and then submitting this work under a different name, is strictly forbidden. Engaging in such practices can result in severe consequences. Editing and proofreading are considered legitimate aids in refining your work, ensuring adherence to academic standards without compromising the originality and integrity of your own writing.

Does the proofreader and editor check the bibliography of the thesis?

Proofreading and editing services primarily focus on refining the writing of your thesis or academic paper. As such, our standard dissertation and thesis proofreading and editing service does not automatically include a detailed examination of bibliographies, citations, or references. However, recognizing the importance of these elements, we offer you the option to add specific checks to address these areas when customizing your proofreading and editing package. If you wish to have your bibliography in-depth reviewed, proofread, and edited, you can select the citation check option. This addition ensures that your references are thoroughly and accurately handled, aligning with your overall proofreading and editing needs.

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Scribbr's proofreading rates

Scribbr’s proofreading services are priced transparently and affordably. Your proofreading rate depends on your word count, selection of services, and turnaround time.

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For proofreading and editing a PhD thesis we charge slightly more as editing takes more time.

Choose additional editing services

Our editors improve your structure and ensure your thesis is well organised.

• Highlights repetition and redundancy
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• Checks whether every section supports the main goal and contains the right information

Our editors help make sure your text is clear and logical.

• Highlights contradictions
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Customers rate our proofreading service excellent!

The citations are always correct

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I don't know how to do citations, and this website makes it sups easy.

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Excellent citation generator. Professor's praise my citations.

This really helped me show how to cite in exactly MLA format that is super reliable.

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Teilweise sind die Informationen noch etwas zu ungenau.

The site made citing sources in MLA…

The site made citing sources in MLA style much easier than trying to format them without assistance! It really was a time saver.

Toller Service, Erwartungen wurden erfüllt

War alles top und hat mir sehr weitergeholfen mit meiner Forschungsarbeit, grammatikalisch war es einwandfrei und auch der Rote-Faden-Check hat mir wertvolle Erkenntnisse gegeben, an welche ich gar nicht gedacht habe. Der 24h-Stunden Service wurde auch fristgerecht eingehalten, da zwei Autoren Arbeit jeweils zur Hälfte bearbeitet haben. Ich würde für die Zukunft aber empfehlen, den Check von einem Autor durchführen zu lassen. Für wirklich kurzfristige Arbeiten, war dies trotzdem sehr hilfreich. Auch die Korrektur des Zitierstils war einheitlich und hat meine Erwartungen erfüllt.

Convenient and Easy.

Useful website

Useful website. Love the APA citation generator and have used that religiously throughout my degree.

das Team ist zuverlässig

das Team ist zuverlässig , super pünktlich , diskret und mega kompetent ❤️

Investition hat sich gelohnt, super zufrieden!

Meine Bachelor-Arbeit wurde zuverlässig und mit vielen hilfreichen Kommentaren korrigiert. Die insgesamt über 1000 Kommentare konnte ich jeweils annehmen oder bearbeiten, am Ende habe ich mit 1.6 erfolgreich bestanden. Meine Hochschule ist in den Zitier-Richtlinien leider nicht so ins Detail gegangen, wie ich es mir gewünscht hätte und bei Arbeiten zuvor hat mich die Rätselei meist 2 Nachmittage (studiere nebenberuflich) gekostet. Ein bisschen ärgere ich mich, nicht zuvor zu Scribbr gegriffen zu haben. Gerade für eine Hausarbeit hätte es wenig gekostet und das Wissen wäre auch in den Hausarbeiten danach anwendbar. Die Korrektur reiche ich jetzt mit der Steuer ein :)

Helped me graduate

I don't know if I would have completed my degree program without Scribbr. The site helped me keep my references organized by topic, formatted everything APA style for me, and made it easy to copy and paste into my final reference list with just a couple of clicks. I can't even calculate how much time this site saved me just in keeping everything in order.

sehr hilfreiche Kommentare

sehr hilfreiche Kommentare, welche die Lesbarkeit der Arbeit deutlich verbessert haben

Straightforward and easy to use

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The absolute best and most accurate…

The absolute best and most accurate service. I wish I had discovered Scribbr sooner. When I got my 137 page white paper back, I had o my one question and they answered that right away for me. My document was accepted first time. Scribbr also explains their edits and recommendation to you and educating you in the process. The best service and superior in all ways to other services I have used.

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The way you managed to gather just the right tools for academics and researchers to do their job.

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Easily select and deselect pages

To make the process as smooth as possible, simply upload your whole document and select only the pages that you want us to proofread and edit.

You’ll only be charged for the number of words on the pages you selected. To save you some money, we will automatically deselect your table of contents and reference list!

Additional Proofreading & Editing Services

Structure check.

Your editor improves the overall organisation of your document. Are the headings clear and do they fit well with the content of each paragraph? Does every section contain the right information?

In addition to direct changes and comments, our editors use checklists for the abstract, introduction, discussion and conclusion.

The Structure Check starts at £0.0055 per word.

Discover the Structure Check

Clarity Check

Your editor reads your thesis as a normal reader would. Does the story make sense? Is it clear and logical? A fresh pair of eyes can notice things you tend to overlook yourself.

Using checklists our editors will check for contradictions, a logical order of sections, and the clarity of your arguments, concepts and ideas.

The Clarity Check starts at £0.0055 per word.

Discover the Clarity Check

Citation Editing

Our citation experts check your reference list, in-text citations and footnote citations to make sure you consistently follow the guidelines of your citation style.

We are experts in APA Style, but we can help you with almost all citation styles. The citation expert also checks your in-text citations against your reference list to make sure they match.

Citation Editing costs £2.00 per source.

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Frequently asked questions

Our support team is here to help you daily via chat, WhatsApp, email, or phone between 9:00 a.m. to 11:00 p.m. CET.

Our APA experts default to APA 7 for editing and formatting. For the Citation Editing Service you are able to choose between APA 6 and 7.

Yes, if your document is longer than 20,000 words, you will get a sample of approximately 2,000 words. This sample edit gives you a first impression of the editor’s editing style and a chance to ask questions and give feedback.

How does the sample edit work?

You will receive the sample edit within 24 hours after placing your order. You then have 24 hours to let us know if you’re happy with the sample or if there’s something you would like the editor to do differently.

Read more about how the sample edit works

Yes, you can upload your document in sections.

We try our best to ensure that the same editor checks all the different sections of your document. When you upload a new file, our system recognizes you as a returning customer, and we immediately contact the editor who helped you before.

However, we cannot guarantee that the same editor will be available. Your chances are higher if

• You send us your text as soon as possible and
• You can be flexible about the deadline.

Please note that the shorter your deadline is, the lower the chance that your previous editor is not available.

If your previous editor isn’t available, then we will inform you immediately and look for another qualified editor. Fear not! Every Scribbr editor follows the  Scribbr Improvement Model  and will deliver high-quality work.

Yes, our editors also work during the weekends and holidays.

Because we have many editors available, we can check your document 24 hours per day and 7 days per week, all year round.

If you choose a 72 hour deadline and upload your document on a Thursday evening, you’ll have your thesis back by Sunday evening!

Yes! Our editors are all native speakers, and they have lots of experience editing texts written by ESL students. They will make sure your grammar is perfect and point out any sentences that are difficult to understand. They’ll also notice your most common mistakes, and give you personal feedback to improve your writing in English.

Every Scribbr order comes with our award-winning Proofreading & Editing service , which combines two important stages of the revision process.

For a more comprehensive edit, you can add a Structure Check or Clarity Check to your order. With these building blocks, you can customize the kind of feedback you receive.

You might be familiar with a different set of editing terms. To help you understand what you can expect at Scribbr, we created this table:

View an example

When you place an order, you can specify your field of study and we’ll match you with an editor who has familiarity with this area.

However, our editors are language specialists, not academic experts in your field. Your editor’s job is not to comment on the content of your dissertation, but to improve your language and help you express your ideas as clearly and fluently as possible.

This means that your editor will understand your text well enough to give feedback on its clarity, logic and structure, but not on the accuracy or originality of its content.

Good academic writing should be understandable to a non-expert reader, and we believe that academic editing is a discipline in itself. The research, ideas and arguments are all yours – we’re here to make sure they shine!

After your document has been edited, you will receive an email with a link to download the document.

The editor has made changes to your document using ‘Track Changes’ in Word. This means that you only have to accept or ignore the changes that are made in the text one by one.

It is also possible to accept all changes at once. However, we strongly advise you not to do so for the following reasons:

• You can learn a lot by looking at the mistakes you made.
• The editors don’t only change the text – they also place comments when sentences or sometimes even entire paragraphs are unclear. You should read through these comments and take into account your editor’s tips and suggestions.
• With a final read-through, you can make sure you’re 100% happy with your text before you submit!

You choose the turnaround time when ordering. We can return your dissertation within 24 hours , 3 days or 1 week . These timescales include weekends and holidays. As soon as you’ve paid, the deadline is set, and we guarantee to meet it! We’ll notify you by text and email when your editor has completed the job.

Very large orders might not be possible to complete in 24 hours. On average, our editors can complete around 13,000 words in a day while maintaining our high quality standards. If your order is longer than this and urgent, contact us to discuss possibilities.

Always leave yourself enough time to check through the document and accept the changes before your submission deadline.

Scribbr is specialised in editing study related documents. We check:

• Graduation projects
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The fastest turnaround time is 24 hours.

You can upload your document at any time and choose between three deadlines:

At Scribbr, we promise to make every customer 100% happy with the service we offer. Our philosophy: Your complaint is always justified – no denial, no doubts.

Our customer support team is here to find the solution that helps you the most, whether that’s a free new edit or a refund for the service.

Yes, in the order process you can indicate your preference for American, British, or Australian English .

If you don’t choose one, your editor will follow the style of English you currently use. If your editor has any questions about this, we will contact you.

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The Shodhganga@INFLIBNET Centre provides a platform for research students to deposit their Ph.D. theses and make it available to the entire scholarly community in open access. The repository has the ability to capture, index, store, disseminate and preserve ETDs submitted by the researchers. [Read More]

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5,00,000th Thesis is uploaded into Shodhganga by Prof Yogesh Singh, Hon'ble Chairman, Governing Board, INFLIBNET Centre & Vice Chancellor, University of Delhi, Delhi in the august presence of Prof J P Singh Joorel, Director, INFLIBNET Centre, Gandhinagar and other Governing Board Members on 14.12.2023.

All the Theses (CDs) received from Universities were successfully uploaded into Shodhganga Portal till August 2023.

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Theses received at the Centre till 30th November 2020 have been uploaded.

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• Universities Contributed in Shodhganga
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Anna University 15906

University of madras 15001, university of calcutta 14244, savitribai phule pune university 12754, university of mumbai 11589, aligarh muslim university 10237, chhatrapati sahuji maharaj university 10180, andhra university 10079, babasaheb bhimrao ambedkar bihar university 9675, panjab university 9388, abhilashi university 17, academy of scientific and innovative research (acsir) 2523, acharya nagarjuna university 2284, acharya narendra deva university of agriculture and technology, ayodhya 908, adamas university 45, adesh university 25, adichunchanagiri university, mandya 9, adikavi nannaya university, rajahmundry 58, agriculture university, jodhpur 3, agriculture university, kota 13, ahmedabad university 18, aks university 30, alagappa university 2478, alliance university 53, all india institute of medical science, bhopal 1, all india institute of medical sciences rishikesh 7, ambedkar university, delhi 60, amet university 141, amity university haryana 212, amity university, kolkata 2, amity university madhya pradesh 66, amity university, mumbai 32, amity university, noida 1182, amity university rajasthan 232, amrita vishwa vidyapeetham university 604, anand agricultural university 122, annamalai university 3239, apeejay stya university 23, apex university, rajasthan 41, a p goyal shimla university 14, apj abdul kalam technological university, thiruvananthapuram 53, arka jain university 3, arni university 8, arunachal university of studies 2, arunodaya university 2, aryabhatta knowledge university 29, ashoka university 1, assam agricultural university 151, assam don bosco university 123, assam down town university 81, assam rajiv gandhi university of cooperative management 2, assam science and technology university 7, assam university 2297, atal bihari vajpayee indian institute of information technology and management 103, atmiya university 20, auro university 1, avinashilingam institute for home science and higher education for women 723, awadhesh pratap singh university 965, baba ghulam shah badshah university 100, baba mastnath university, 12, babasaheb bhimrao ambedkar university 525, babu banarasi das university 147, baddi university of emerging sciences & technology 7, bahra university 5, banaras hindu university 7985, banasthali vidyapith 2213, bangalore university 2497, bankura university 31, bareilly international university 5, barkatullah university 420, bennett university 38, berhampur university 207, bhagat phool singh mahila vishwavidyalaya 140, bhagwan mahavir university 1, bhagwant university 315, bhaikaka university 3, bhakta kavi narsinh mehta university 61, bharathiar university 7394, bharathidasan university 8300, bharath institute of higher education and research 704, bharati vidyapeeth deemed university 652, bhartiya skill development university jaipur 20, bhupendra narayan mandal university 5, bihar agricultural university 89, birla institute of management technology 11, birla institute of technology and science 1604, birla institute of technology, mesra 176, blde (deemed to be university) 54, bml munjal university, gurugram 7, bodoland university 105, brainware university 36, b s abdur rahman crescent institute of science & technology 316, bundelkhand university 2213, calorx teachers university 2, career point university 29, central institute of technology kokrajhar 15, central sanskrit university 351, central university of gujarat 362, central university of haryana 95, central university of himachal pradesh 131, central university of jammu 121, central university of jharkhand 87, central university of karnataka 145, central university of kashmir 253, central university of kerala 173, central university of odisha 36, central university of punjab 186, central university of rajasthan 244, central university of south bihar 39, central university of tamil nadu 118, centurion university of technology and management 72, centurion university of technology and management, vizianagaram 0, cept university 82, chaitanya university, hanamkonda 15, chanakya national law university 1, chandigarh university 136, chandra shekhar azad university of agriculture and technology 115, charotar university of science and technology 169, chaudhary charan singh university 3052, chaudhary devi lal university 281, chaudhary ranbir singh university 19, chaudhary sarwan kumar himachal pradesh krishi vishvavidyalaya 406, chettinad academy of research and education 164, chhatrapati shivaji maharaj university 3, chhattisgarh swami vivekanand technical university 149, childrens university 18, chitkara university 31, chitkara university, punjab 310, christ university 358, cmj university 2, cmr university 51, cochin university of science & technology 2770, cooch behar panchanan barma university 34, cotton university 32, ct university 24, c.u. shah university 200, c.v. raman global university 27, datta meghe institute of medical sciences 208, davangere university 118, dav university 31, dayalbagh educational institute 1231, dayananda sagar university 51, deccan college post graduate and research institute 224, deenbandhu chhotu ram university of science and technology, sonipat 193, deen dayal upadhyay gorakhpur university 841, defence institute of advanced technology 44, delhi pharmaceutical sciences & research university (dpsru) 19, delhi technological university 476, desh bhagat university 246, devi ahilya vishwavidyalaya 2296, dev sanskriti vishwavidyalaya 13, dharmsinh desai university 24, dhirubhai ambani institute of information and communication technology (da-iict) 77, diamond harbour women's university 11, dibrugarh university 955, dit university 94, doon university 55, dr. a.p.j. abdul kalam technical university 406, dravidian university 58, dr. babasaheb ambedkar marathwada university 5569, dr. babasaheb ambedkar open university 186, dr. babasaheb ambedkar technological university 51, dr b r ambedkar national institute of technology jalandhar 109, dr. b. r. ambedkar open university, hyderabad 1, dr. b. r. ambedkar university agra 6008, dr. c.v. raman university 314, dr. d. y. patil vidyapeeth, pune 167, dr. harisingh gour vishwavidhyalay 2300, dr. k n modi university 28, dr. m.g.r. educational and research institute 505, dr. panjabrao deshmukh krishi vidyapeeth, akola 50, dr. rammanohar lohia avadh university, faizabad 4638, dr ram manohar lohiya national law university 57, dr. sarvepalli radhakrishnan rajasthan ayurved university 191, dr shakuntala misra national rehabilitation university 74, dr. shyama prasad mukherjee international institute of information technology naya raipur 9, dr. vishwanath karad mit world peace university 23, dr. y.s. parmar university of horticulture and forestry 177, dr.y.s.r. horticultural university 24, d y patil university, kolhapur 67, entrepreneurship development institute of india 1, eternal university 7, fakir mohan university, balasore 164, forest research institute university 350, galgotias university 88, gangadhar meher university 86, ganpat university 160, garden city university 8, gauhati university 6327, gautam buddha university 240, g.b.pant university of agriculture & technology 172, gd goenka university 124, geetanjali university 43, g h raisoni university, amravati 23, giet university, gunupur 24, gitam university 922, gla university 230, glocal university 93, gls university 123, gna university 27, goa university 1093, gokhale institute of politics and economics 31, gokul global university 1, gondwana university 182, graphic era hill university dehradun 15, graphic era university 152, gujarat ayurveda university 5, gujarat forensic sciences university 26, gujarat national law university 17, gujarat technological university 367, gujarat university 4518, gujarat vidyapith 619, gulbarga university 1127, guru angad dev veterinary and animal sciences university 5, guru ghasidas university 353, guru gobind singh indraprastha university 638, guru jambheshwar university of science & technology 675, guru kashi university 367, gurukul kangri vishwavidyalaya 411, guru nanak dev university 2019, harcourt butler technical university 16, hemchandracharya north gujarat university 572, hemchand yadav vishwavidyalaya 47, hemwati nandan bahuguna garhwal university 940, himachal pradesh national law university 1, himachal pradesh university 3143, himalayan garhwal university 64, himgiri zee university 37, hindustan institute of technology and science 315, homi bhabha national institute 2568, homoeopathy university 26, icfai foundation for higher education, telangana 89, icfai university, dimapur nagaland 25, icfai university himachal pradesh 5, icfai university, jaipur 17, icfai university, jharkhand 45, icfai university, tripura 13, iec university 11, iftm university 297, iilm university, gurugram 11, iimt university, meerut 19, iis (deemed to be university) 413, i k gujral punjab technical university 850, ims unison university 14, indian institute of engineering science and technology, shibpur 450, indian institute of foreign trade 62, indian institute of information technology, allahabad 204, indian institute of information technology, design and manufacturing, iiitdm jabalpur 144, indian institute of information technology design & manufacturing kancheepuram 70, indian institute of information technology dharwad 2, indian institute of information technology guwahati 21, indian institute of information technology nagpur 3, indian institute of informationtechnology, vadodara 1, indian institute of management ahmedabad 15, indian institute of management bangalore 47, indian institute of management (iim),indore 38, indian institute of management kashipur 21, indian institute of management kozhikode 27, indian institute of management lucknow 104, indian institute of management mumbai (formerly nitie) 72, indian institute of management raipur 47, indian institute of management rohtak 6, indian institute of management shillong 16, indian institute of management udaipur 1, indian institute of science bangalore 1207, indian institute of science education and research (iiser) bhopal 22, indian institute of science education and research (iiser) mohali 356, indian institute of science education and research (iiser) pune 521, indian institute of science education and research (iiser) thiruvananthapuram 210, indian institute of science education and research kolkata 105, indian institute of space science and technology 176, indian institute of teacher education 7, indian institute of technology bhilai 17, indian institute of technology bhubaneswar 76, indian institute of technology bombay 1639, indian institute of technology delhi 1925, indian institute of technology dharwad 9, indian institute of technology gandhinagar 39, indian institute of technology goa 3, indian institute of technology guwahati 2505, indian institute of technology hyderabad 290, indian institute of technology iit (bhu), varanasi 985, indian institute of technology indore 399, indian institute of technology (ism), dhanbad 1043, indian institute of technology jammu 20, indian institute of technology jodhpur 149, indian institute of technology kanpur 1, indian institute of technology kharagpur 814, indian institute of technology madras 1608, indian institute of technology mandi 253, indian institute of technology palakkad 16, indian institute of technology patna 148, indian institute of technology roorkee 490, indian institute of technology ropar 204, indian institute of technology tirupati 11, indian maritime university 1, indian school of mines 53, indian veterinary research institute, izatnagar 343, indira gandhi delhi technical university for women 59, indira gandhi institute of development research 105, indira gandhi national open university ignou 976, indira gandhi national tribal university, amarkantak 155, indira gandhi university meerpur,rewari 43, indira kala sangeet vishwavidyalaya 133, indraprastha institute of information technology, delhi (iiit-delhi) 135, indrashil university 4, indus international university 7, indus university 44, institute of advanced research, gandhinagar 14, institute of advanced studies in education (iase) 191, institute of chemical technnology, mumbai 105, institute of infrastructure technology research and management 31, institute of trans-disciplinary health science & technology 32, integral university 601, international institute for population sciences iips 366, international institute of information technology bangalore 66, international institute of information technology, hyderabad 192, international management institute 9, international management institute kolkata 2, invertis university, bareily 1, isbr business school 1, islamic university of science and technology 48, itm university, gwalior 28, jadavpur university 3962, jagadguru ramanadacharya rajasthan sanskrit university 2, jagannath university 212, jagannath university, jhajjar 38, jagran lakecity university 31, jai narain vyas university 583, jain university 754, jain vishwa bharati university 246, jai prakash vishwavidyalaya 3, jaipur national university 349, jamia hamdard university 934, jamia milia islamia university 2514, janardan rai nagar rajasthan vidhyapeeth 1, jawaharlal nehru architecture and fine arts university 7, jawaharlal nehru centre for advanced scientific research 42, jawaharlal nehru technological university, anantapuram 1313, jawaharlal nehru technological university, hyderabad 1453, jawaharlal nehru technological university, kakinada 310, jawaharlal nehru university 7270, jayoti vidyapeeth women s university 322, jaypee institute of information technology 336, jaypee university of engineering & technology, guna 122, jaypee university of information technology, solan 278, j. c. bose university of science and technology, ymca, faridabad 64, jecrc university 88, jharkhand rai university 48, jis university, kolkata 18, jiwaji university 2290, jk lakshmipat university 22, jodhpur national university 2, jss academy of higher education & research 403, jss science and technology university, mysuru 16, j.s. university, shikohabad 8, junagadh agricultural university 1, kadi sarva vishwavidyalaya 594, kakatiya university, warangal 522, kalasalingam university 406, kalinga institute of social sciences (kiss) 8, kalinga university 238, kamdhenu university 8, kameshwara singh darbhanga sanskrit vishwavidyalaya, darbhanga 3, kannada university 101, kannur university 877, karnataka samskrit university 61, karnataka state law university 12, karnataka state open university 17, karnataka state womens university 297, karnataka veterinary, animal and fisheries sciences university 102, karnatak university 5055, karnavati university 11, karpagam university 298, karunya university 582, kavayitri bahinabai chaudhari north maharashtra university 1278, kavikulaguru kalidas sanskrit university 149, kazi nazrul university 21, kerala agricultural university 1, kerala university of health sciences 1, khwaja moinuddin chishti urdu, arabi-farsi university 16, kiit university 1077, king george medical university 21, kle technological university 13, kle university 187, kolhan university 34, koneru lakshmaiah education foundation 931, krantiguru shyamji krishna verma kachchh university 124, krea university 1, krishna institute of medical sciences, deemed to be university karad 68, krishna kanta handiqui state open university 36, krishna university, machilipatnam 69, k.r. mangalam university, gurgaon 97, kumaun university 1719, kurukshetra university 1483, kushabhau thakre patrakarita avam jansanchar vishwavidyalaya 7, kuvempu university 1388, lakshmibai national university of physical education 221, lakulish yoga university 19, lalit narayan mithila university 6859, lingayas vidyapeeth 94, lnct university 135, lovely professional university 825, madan mohan malaviya university of technology 91, madhav university 241, madhyanchal professional university 3, madhya pradesh bhoj (open) university 9, madurai kamaraj university 5837, magadh university 22, mahapurusha srimanta sankaradeva viswavidyalaya 38, maharaja agrasen university 104, maharaja ganga singh university 2278, maharaja krishnakumarsinhji bhavnagar university 1506, maharaja ranjit singh punjab technical university 19, maharaja sayajirao university of baroda 4071, maharaja sriram chandra bhanja deo university 16, maharaja vinayak global university 102, maharana pratap university of agriculture and technology 158, maharashtra animal and fishery sciences university 17, maharashtra national law university nagpur 5, maharashtra university of health sciences 221, maharishi markandeshwar university, mullana 505, maharishi markandeshwar university, sadopur (ambala) 27, maharishi university of information technology 50, maharshi dayanand saraswati university 209, maharshi dayanand university 4652, mahatma gandhi antarrashtriya hindi vishwavidyalaya 254, mahatma gandhi chitrakoot gramodaya vishwavidyalaya 148, mahatma gandhi kashi vidyapith 4972, mahatma gandhi univeristy of medical sciences & technnology , jaipur 38, mahatma gandhi university 3903, mahatma gandhi university, nalgonda 13, mahatma jyotiba phule rohilkhand university 1650, makhanlal chaturvedi national university of journalism and communication, bhopal 22, malaviya national institute of technology jaipur 361, malwanchal university, indore 44, management development institute gurgaon 25, manav rachna international institute of research and studies 225, manav rachna university 58, mandsaur university 56, mangalayatan university 122, mangalore university 2014, manipal academy of higher education 1699, manipal university jaipur 315, manipur university 1794, manonmaniam sundaranar university 7400, martin luther christian university 43, marwadi university 15, mats university 89, maulana abul kalam azad university of technology 85, maulana azad national institute of technology bhopal 282, maulana azad national urdu university 391, m.b.m. university 15, medi caps university, indore 25, meenakshi academy of higher education and research 167, mewar university 335, mgm institute of health sciences 134, mica, ahmedabad 26, mit-adt university, pune 51, mizoram university 783, mody university of science and technology 120, mohammad ali jauhar university 4, mohan lal sukhadia university 1035, monad university 36, motherhood university 1, mother teresa womens university 1071, motilal nehru national institute of technology 578, m s ramaiah university of applied sciences 70, mvn university,palwal 69, nagaland university 520, narsee monjee institute of management studies 277, national brain research centre 97, national institute of educational planning and administration (niepa) 34, national institute of fashion technology delhi 30, national institute of food technology entrepreneurship and management - niftem (k)kundli 25, national institute of food technology entrepreneurship and management thanjavur (niftem-t) 27, national institute of pharmaceutical education and research, ahmedabad 29, national institute of pharmaceutical education and research, guwahati 24, national institute of pharmaceutical education and research, hajipur 11, national institute of pharmaceutical education and research, hyderabad 41, national institute of pharmaceutical education and research kolkata 14, national institute of pharmaceutical education and research, raebareli 6, national institute of technology agartala 172, national institute of technology arunachal pradesh 54, national institute of technology calicut 228, national institute of technology delhi 65, national institute of technology durgapur 160, national institute of technology goa 49, national institute of technology hamirpur 94, national institute of technology jamshedpur 122, national institute of technology karnataka 494, national institute of technology,kurukshetra 158, national institute of technology manipur 72, national institute of technology mizoram 34, national institute of technology nagaland 11, national institute of technology (nit) meghalaya 94, national institute of technology (nit), warangal 555, national institute of technology patna 344, national institute of technology puducherry 56, national institute of technology raipur 187, national institute of technology, rourkela 398, national institute of technology sikkim 29, national institute of technology silchar 69, national institute of technology srinagar 194, national institute of technology tiruchirappalli 234, national institute of technology uttarakhand 31, national law institute university, bhopal 8, national law school of india university 48, national law university and judicial academy, guwahati 9, national law university, delhi 37, national law university, odisha 12, national museum institute of hisotry of art conservation and musicology 2, national sanskrit university 47, navrachana university 24, nehru gram bharati university 155, netaji subhas open university 1, netaji subhas university of technology 9, niilm university 1, niit university 15, nims university rajasthan 358, nirma university 382, nitte university 94, noida international university 77, noorul islam centre for higher education 351, north-eastern hill university 2730, north eastern regional institute of science and technology (nerist) 95, odisha university of agriculture and technology 160, om sterling global university 96, o.p. jindal university 7, opjs university 21, oriental university 92, osmania university 1633, pacific university 2292, padmashree dr. d.y. patil vidyapeeth, navi mumbai 73, pandit deendayal petroleum university 176, pandit s. n. shukla university, shahdol 9, parul university 190, patna university 332, peoples university, bhopal 7, periyar maniammai university 157, periyar university 3210, pes university 23, p.k. university 23, pondicherry university 2509, poornima university 75, potti sreeramulu telugu university 1, p p savani university 3, pravara institute of medical sciences 45, presidency university 106, presidency university, karnataka 155, prist university 86, pt. ravishankar shukla university 2917, pt. sundarlal sharma open university bilaspur 250, punjab engineering college (deemed to be university) 60, punjabi university 3161, rabindra bharati university 418, rabindranath tagore university, bhopal 313, raffles university 16, raiganj university 182, rai university 308, rajasthan technical university, kota 149, rajiv gandhi institute of petroleum technology 37, rajiv gandhi national institute of youth development 7, rajiv gandhi national university of law punjab 31, rajiv gandhi proudyogiki vishwavidyalaya 583, rajiv gandhi university 652, rama devi womens university 11, ramakrishna mission vivekananda educational and research institute 222, ramakrishna mission vivekananda university 1, rama university, uttar pradesh 74, ramchandra chandravansi university 6, ranchi university 70, rani channamma university 115, rani durgavati vishwavidyalaya 356, rashtrasant tukadoji maharaj nagpur university 311, rashtriya raksha university 19, ravenshaw university 486, rayat bahra university, mohali 16, regional centre for biotechnology 1, reva university 219, rimt university 38, rkdf university 126, rk university 284, rnb global university 4, sage university, indore 82, sai nath university 138, sambalpur university 1768, sam higginbottom institute of agriculture, technology and sciences 478, sampurnanand sanskrit vishwavidhyalaya 3, sanchi university of buddhist-indic studies, bhopal 6, sandip university 26, sangam university 63, sanjay gandhi post graduate institute of medical sciences, lucknow 12, sanjay ghodawat university 2, sankalchand patel university 54, sanskriti university 48, sant baba bhag singh university 37, sant gadge baba amravati university 2977, sant longowal institute of engineering and technology 315, santosh deemed to be university 104, sardarkrushinagar dantiwada agricultural university 0, sardar patel university 3346, sardar vallabhbhai national institute of technology surat 409, sarvepalli radhakrishnan university 148, sastra university 553, satavahana university 7, sathyabama institute of science and technology 422, saurashtra university 3276, saveetha university 836, school of planning and architecture, bhopal 20, school of planning and architecture, new delhi 49, school of planning and architecture vijayawada 10, seacom skills university 116, sgt university 105, sharda university 215, sher-e-kashmir university of agricultural sciences and technology of jammu 137, shivaji university 4872, shiv nadar university 174, shobhit university, gangoh 29, shobhit university, meerut 166, shoolini university of biotechnology and management sciences 509, shree somnath sanskrit university 102, shri govind guru university 15, shri guru ram rai university 54, shri jagdishprasad jhabarmal tibarewala university 3645, shri khushal das university 114, shri lal bahadur shastri national sanskrit university 545, shri mata vaishno devi university 223, shri ramswaroop memorial university 150, shri vaishnav vidyapeeth vishwavidyalaya 47, shri venkateshwara university, uttar pradesh 2, shyam university 9, sidho kanho birsha university 105, sido kanhu murmu university 21, sikkim manipal university 87, sikkim university 202, siksha "o" anusandhan university 562, singhania university 23, sir padampat singhania university 75, sndt womens university 1261, solapur university 267, south asian university 2, s. p. jain institute of management and research 1, sree sankaracharya university of sanskrit 719, sri balaji vidyapeeth 47, sri chandrasekharendra saraswathi viswa mahavidyalaya 417, sri devaraj urs academy of higher education and research 43, sri guru granth sahib world university 84, sri guru ram das university of health sciences 9, sri krishnadevaraya university 3434, srinivas university 17, sri padmavathi womens university 237, sri ramachandra institute of higher education and research 369, sri sai university 2, sri sathya sai institute of higher learning 110, sri satya sai university of technology & medical sciences 77, sri siddhartha academy of higher education 54, sri sri university 17, sri venkateswara institute of medical sciences 23, sri venkateswara university 5461, srm institute of science and technology 1546, srm university- ap 21, srm university, delhi-ncr, sonepat 83, st. joseph university, dimapur 13, st. peter’s institute of higher education and research 388, st. xaviers university, kolkata 1, sumandeep vidyapeeth deemed to be university 41, sunrise university 5, suresh gyan vihar university 385, sushant university (earlier ansal university) 57, swami rama himalayan university 14, swami ramanand teerth marathwada university 5580, swami vivekanad subharti university 178, swami vivekananda yoga anusandhana sansthana 142, swami vivekanand university 80, swarnim gujarat sports university 7, symbiosis international university 515, tamil nadu agricultural university 1409, tamil nadu dr. ambedkar law university 59, tamil nadu open university 49, tamilnadu physical education and sports university 259, tamil nadu teachers education university, chennai 203, tamil nadu veterinary and animal sciences university 78, tamil university 161, tantia university 240, tata institute of fundamental research 1002, tata institute of social sciences 583, techno india university 4, teerthanker mahaveer university 132, teri school of advanced studies 138, tezpur university 890, thapar institute of engineering and technology 1187, the assam kaziranga university 21, the assam royal global university 14, the charutar vidya mandal cvm university 5, the english & foreign languages university, hyderabad 786, the gandhigram rural institute 1374, the icfai university, dehradun 42, the iihmr university, jaipur 35, the indian law institute, new delhi 19, the lnm institute of information technology 34, the national academy of legal studies and research (nalsar) university of law 50, the national university of advanced legal studies 4, the neotia university 4, the northcap university 109, the tamil nadu dr. m.g.r. medical university 408, the university of burdwan 3079, the west bengal national university of juridical sciences 35, thiruvalluvar university 289, thunchath ezhuthachan malayalam university 16, tilak maharashtra vidyapeeth 910, tilka manjhi bhagalpur university 269, tripura university 440, tumkur university 299, uka tarsadia university 113, university of agricultural sciences, bangalore 411, university of agricultural sciences, dharwad 286, university of agricultural sciences, raichur 63, university of allahabad 2509, university of calicut 2233, university of delhi 5326, university of engineering and management, kolkata 17, university of gour banga 12, university of hyderabad 2703, university of jammu 1202, university of kalyani 2836, university of kashmir 1916, university of kerala 6793, university of kota 113, university of lucknow 6074, university of mysore 4280, university of north bengal 2072, university of patanjali 32, university of petroleum and energy studies (upes) 398, university of rajasthan 1810, university of science and technology, meghalaya 101, u.p. pt. deen dayal upadhyaya pashu chikitsa vigyan vishwavidhyalaya evam go anusandha sansthan 18, u p rajarshi tondon open university 336, usha martin university 21, utkal university 5654, uttarakhand open university 18, uttarakhand sanskrit university 56, uttarakhand technical university 273, uttaranchal university 74, vardhaman mahaveer open university, kota 21, v. b. s. purvanchal university 9095, veer kunwar singh university, arrah 32, veer narmad south gujarat university 3340, veer surendra sai university of technology 189, vellore institute of technology bhopal 8, vellore institute of technology, vellore 2268, vellore institute of technology (vit-ap) 72, vels university 890, vel tech rangarajan dr. sagunthala r&d institute of science and technology 236, vidyasagar university 875, vignans foundation for science technology and research 211, vijayanagara sri krishnadevaraya university, bellary 131, vikram university 95, vinayaka missions research foundation 361, vinoba bhave university 248, vishwakarma university 24, visva bharti university 1571, visvesvaraya national institute of technology 277, visvesvaraya technological university, belagavi 1064, vivekananda global university 74, william carey university 1, xim university 26, yashwantrao chavan maharashtra open university 330, ybn university 41, yenepoya (deemed to be university) 135, yogi vemana university 92, about shodhshuddhi.

Based on the recommendation of Sub-Committee, National Steering Committee (NSC) of e-ShodhSindhu, The Ministry of Education, Govt. of India has initiated a programme "ShodhShuddhi" which provides access to Plagiarism Detection Software (PDS) to all universities/Institutions in India since Sept 1, 2019 [Read More...]

Under this initiative, URKUND a Web Based Plagiarism Detection Software system is being provided to all users of universities/Intuitions in the country. This initiative is formally launched by Honorable Minister of HRD (now renamed as Minister of Education) on September 21, 2019

The INFLIBNET Centre receives numerous queries from Colleges regarding membership to Shodhganga and e-ShodhSindhu. Following clarifications are being provided in this regard: Read More.

Full Text Theses

Synopses/mrps/pdfs/fellowships, universities contributing, universities+cftis/inis signed mou, prof devika p madalli, sh. manoj kumar k, general / technical query, antiplagiarism query.

The Shodhganga@INFLIBNET Centre provides a platform for research students to deposit their Ph.D. theses and make it available to the entire scholarly community in open access. The repository has the ability to capture, index, store, disseminate and preserve ETDs submitted by the researchers. [Read l]

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Phd thesis proofreading cost: how much does it cost to proofread a phd.

If you are almost finished writing your PhD thesis perhaps you are considering having it looked over by a professional editor?

You are probably wondering how much it costs to proofread a PhD. In this article we address this common question and break down the costs.

Per page or per 1,000 words? That is the question

The first thing to understand is that proofreading companies will charge differently from freelancers.

Freelancers mostly will charge by the hour and need to work this backwards to give you a final quote. This makes it hard to obtain an exact quote beforehand. The freelancer in question will need to assess your thesis, work out their average proofreading/editing speed then see how many hours it will take and multiply this by their price per hour.

We charge per 1,000 words

Thus this is why at London Proofreaders we charge a flat rate per 1,000 words. As an experienced academic editing company that has edited hundreds of PhD theses, we know fairly accurately how long it will take us to proofread a thesis. Flat rate pricing ensures that you can be confident the price will not change. It is just a better method.

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We found that pages from PhDs can vary greatly in terms of length. Think about it: there are variations in font size, spacing, margins and tables and figures. That means one thesis may have 600 words per page and another 250!

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So to get an idea of how much it will cost for us to proofread and edit your thesis take your word count, then multiply this by the rate per word. Not sure how to find your word count? Look in the bottom left hand corner of the document when it is open in Microsoft Word.

Want to get an exact price? Visit our “prices” page .

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We have proofread over 500 PhD theses from every field imaginable. Our services combines proofreading at the superficial level and editing at the sentence level. To find out all the details of what our proofreading and editing service checks, who our editors are and how long it takes,wVisit our PhD proofreading page – click here .

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Prizes for Best PhD Thesis 2023

The Department of Chemistry is pleased to announce the following prizes for outstanding work by graduate students. These awards, announced each spring, recognize doctoral research and carry a $1,000 prize. The awards were established in Academic Year 2021-22 and are funded by endowments made possible through the philanthropic support of faculty, friends, and alumni.

George H. Cady Prize for Best Thesis in Inorganic Chemistry

Ben Mitchell earned his Ph.D. in 2023 for his work with Assistant Professor Alexandra Velian on “Leveraging Molecular Nanoclusters for Atomistic Insights Into Reactive Interfaces.” He is now a Science, Technology, and Policy Fellow of the Building Technologies Office in the Department of Energy. As a fellow, Ben works on advancing a range of innovative technologies and solutions to decarbonize commercial building infrastructure. Ben is based in Washington, DC.

Gary and Sue Christian Prize for Best Thesis in Analytical Chemistry

Caitlin Cain will earn her Ph.D. in 2024 for her work with Professor Robert Synovec on “Advances in the Chemometric Analysis of Multiway Chromatographic Data to Improve Discovery and Identification.” In summer 2024, she will begin a postdoctoral research position with Professor Robert Kennedy at the University of Michigan, where she will probe our understanding of the brain metabolome with use of capillary liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and chemometric data analysis methods.

B. Seymore Rabinovitch Prize for Best Thesis in Physical Chemistry

Kristina Herman will earn her Ph.D. in 2024 for her work with Affiliate Professor Sotiris Xantheas titled “Extension of the Many-Body Expansion (MBE) to Periodic Systems: Developing Tools to Analyze and Improve Models of Intermolecular Interactions.” Kristina has accepted a position as a postdoctoral scholar with Prof. Greg Voth's group at the University of Chicago where she will develop multiscale computational models of the HIV life cycle.

Congratulations, Ben, Caitlin, and Kristina!

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