presentation about great wall of china

ENCYCLOPEDIC ENTRY

The great wall of china.

The Great Wall of China was built over centuries by China’s emperors to protect their territory. Today, it stretches for thousands of miles along China’s historic northern border.

Anthropology, Geography, Human Geography, Social Studies, Ancient Civilizations, World History

The Great Wall of China is one of the most notorious structures in the entire world. The Jinshanling section in Hebei Province, China, pictured here, is only a small part of the wall that stretches over 4,000 kilometers (2,500 miles).

Photograph by Hung Chung Chih

The one thing most people “know” about the Great Wall of China—that it is one of the only man-made structures visible from space—is not actually true. Since the wall looks a lot like the stone and soil that surround it, it is difficult to discern with the human eye even from low Earth orbit, and is difficult to make out in most orbital photos . However, this does not detract from the wonder of this astounding ancient structure.

For millennia, Chinese leaders instituted wall-building projects to protect the land from northern, nomadic invaders. One surviving section of such an ancient wall, in the Shandong province, is made of hard-packed soil called “ rammed earth ” and is estimated to be 2,500 years old. For centuries during the Warring States Period, before China was unified into one nation, such walls defended the borders.

Around 220 B.C.E., Qin Shi Huang, also called the First Emperor , united China. He masterminded the process of uniting the existing walls into one. At that time, rammed earth and wood made up most of the wall. Emperor after emperor strengthened and extended the wall, often with the aim of keeping out the northern invaders. In some places, the wall was constructed of brick. Elsewhere, quarried granite or even marble blocks were used. The wall was continuously brought up to date as building techniques advanced.

Zhu Yuanzhang, who became the Hongwu Emperor , took power in 1368 C.E. He founded the Ming Dynasty , famous for its achievements in the arts of ceramics and painting. The Ming emperors improved the wall with watchtowers and platforms. Most of the familiar images of the wall show Ming-era construction in the stone. Depending on how the wall is measured, it stretches somewhere between 4,000 and 5,500 kilometers (2,500 and 3,400 miles).

In the 17th century, the Manchu emperors extended Chinese rule into Inner Mongolia, making the wall less important as a defense. However, it has retained its importance as a symbol of Chinese identity and culture . Countless visitors view the wall every year. It may not be clearly visible from space, but it is considered “an absolute masterpiece” here on Earth.

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Great Wall of China

By: History.com Editors

Updated: May 31, 2023 | Original: August 24, 2010

The Great Wall of China is an ancient series of walls and fortifications, totaling more than 13,000 miles in length, located in northern China. Perhaps the most recognizable symbol of China and its long and vivid history, the Great Wall was originally conceived by Emperor Qin Shi Huang in the third century B.C. as a means of preventing incursions from barbarian nomads. The best-known and best-preserved section of the Great Wall was built in the 14th through 17th centuries A.D., during the Ming dynasty. Though the Great Wall never effectively prevented invaders from entering China, it came to function as a powerful symbol of Chinese civilization’s enduring strength.

Qin Dynasty Construction

Though the beginning of the Great Wall of China can be traced to the fifth century B.C., many of the fortifications included in the wall date from hundreds of years earlier, when China was divided into a number of individual kingdoms during the so-called Warring States Period.

Around 220 B.C., Qin Shi Huang, the first emperor of a unified China under the Qin Dynasty , ordered that earlier fortifications between states be removed and a number of existing walls along the northern border be joined into a single system that would extend for more than 10,000 li (a li is about one-third of a mile) and protect China against attacks from the north.

Construction of the “Wan Li Chang Cheng,” or 10,000-Li-Long Wall, was one of the most ambitious building projects ever undertaken by any civilization. The famous Chinese general Meng Tian initially directed the project, and was said to have used a massive army of soldiers, convicts and commoners as workers.

Made mostly of earth and stone, the wall stretched from the China Sea port of Shanhaiguan over 3,000 miles west into Gansu province. In some strategic areas, sections of the wall overlapped for maximum security (including the Badaling stretch, north of Beijing, that was later restored during the Ming Dynasty ).

From a base of 15 to 50 feet, the Great Wall rose some 15-30 feet high and was topped by ramparts 12 feet or higher; guard towers were distributed at intervals along it.

Did you know? When Emperor Qin Shi Huang ordered construction of the Great Wall around 221 B.C., the labor force that built the wall was made up largely of soldiers and convicts. It is said that as many as 400,000 people died during the wall's construction; many of these workers were buried within the wall itself.

Great Wall of China Through the Centuries

With the death of Qin Shi Huang and the fall of the Qin Dynasty, much of the Great Wall fell into disrepair. After the fall of the later Han Dynasty , a series of frontier tribes seized control in northern China. The most powerful of these was the Northern Wei Dynasty, which repaired and extended the existing wall to defend against attacks from other tribes.

The Bei Qi kingdom (550–577) built or repaired more than 900 miles of wall, and the short-lived but effective Sui Dynasty (581–618) repaired and extended the Great Wall of China a number of times.

With the fall of the Sui and the rise of the Tang Dynasty , the Great Wall lost its importance as a fortification, as China had defeated the Tujue tribe to the north and expanded past the original frontier protected by the wall.

During the Song Dynasty, the Chinese were forced to withdraw under threat from the Liao and Jin peoples to the north, who took over many areas on both sides of the Great Wall. The powerful Yuan (Mongol) Dynasty (1206-1368), established by Genghis Khan , eventually controlled all of China, parts of Asia and sections of Europe.

Though the Great Wall held little importance for the Mongols as a military fortification, soldiers were assigned to man the wall in order to protect merchants and caravans traveling along the lucrative Silk Road trade routes established during this period.

Wall Building During the Ming Dynasty

Despite its long history, the Great Wall of China as it is exists today was constructed mainly during the mighty Ming Dynasty (1368-1644).

Like the Mongols, the early Ming rulers had little interest in building border fortifications, and wall building was limited before the late 15th century. In 1421, the Ming emperor Yongle proclaimed China’s new capital, Beijing, on the site of the former Mongol city of Dadu.

Under the strong hand of the Ming rulers, Chinese culture flourished, and the period saw an immense amount of construction in addition to the Great Wall, including bridges, temples and pagodas.

The construction of the Great Wall as it is known today began around 1474. After an initial phase of territorial expansion, Ming rulers took a largely defensive stance, and their reformation and extension of the Great Wall was key to this strategy.

The Ming wall extended from the Yalu River in Liaoning Province to the eastern bank of the Taolai River in Gansu Province, and winded its way from east to west through today’s Liaoning, Hebei, Tianjin, Beijing, Inner Mongolia, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Ningxia and Gansu.

Starting west of Juyong Pass, the Great Wall was split into south and north lines, respectively named the Inner and Outer Walls. Strategic “passes” (i.e., fortresses) and gates were placed along the wall; the Juyong, Daoma and Zijing passes, closest to Beijing, were named the Three Inner Passes, while further west were Yanmen, Ningwu and Piantou, the Three Outer Passes.

All six passes were heavily garrisoned during the Ming period and considered vital to the defense of the capital.

Significance of the Great Wall of China

In the mid-17th century, the Manchus from central and southern Manchuria broke through the Great Wall and encroached on Beijing, eventually forcing the fall of the Ming Dynasty and beginning of the Qing Dynasty.

Between the 18th and 20th centuries, the Great Wall emerged as the most common emblem of China for the Western world, and a symbol both physical—as a manifestation of Chinese strength—and a psychological representation of the barrier maintained by the Chinese state to repel foreign influences and exert control over its citizens.

Today, the Great Wall is generally recognized as one of the most impressive architectural feats in human history. In 1987, UNESCO designated the Great Wall a World Heritage site, and a popular claim emerged in the 20th century that it is the only manmade structure visible from space ( NASA has since refuted this claim ).

Over the years, roadways have been cut through the wall in various points, and many sections have deteriorated after centuries of neglect. The best-known section of the Great Wall of China—Badaling, located 43 miles (70 km) northwest of Beijing—was rebuilt in the late 1950s, and attracts thousands of national and foreign tourists every day.

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10 Things to Know about the Great Wall of China

By Simatai Great Wall

Four seasons scenery of Simatai Great Wall - Autumn by Simatai Great Wall Simatai Great Wall

1. The total length of the Great Wall is 21196.18 km

The Great Wall is the largest man-made project in the world. The complete route is over 20,000 km, stretching from the east seaside to the west desert in northern China, winding up and down across mountains and plateaus like a dragon.

Jiayu Pass by Zhixia Nayol / Tuchong Simatai Great Wall

2. There are 15 strategic passes from the East to the West

The Great Wall stretches across 15 northern Chinese provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions, from the Bohai Sea in the east to the Gobi Desert, 2,500 kilometers away in the west. There are 15 geographically important passes built along the route.

The "First Pier" of the Great Wall at Jiayu Pass by FinalLap / Tuchong Simatai Great Wall

3. It took over 2,000 years to construct the wall

The first emperor of China, Qin Shi Huang took the remnants of ancient fortifications, walls, and earthworks and linked them into a unified wall circa 220 B.C.   This picture shows the "First Pier of the Great Wall" which was built with rammed loess in 1539 A.D.

Apricot blossoms bloom in the west section of Simatai Great Wall (2021-05-11) by Wu Qiang Simatai Great Wall

4. It is not a wall but a series of fortifications

The Great Wall is not a single-structured wall, it includes beacon towers, barriers, barracks, garrison stations, and fortresses along the walls, together forming an integrated defense system.

Maintenance and protection of the Great Wall (2021-08-11) by Wu Qiang Simatai Great Wall

5. Various materials were used to build the Great Wall

The Great Wall is a massive monument built with different materials. Most of the sections we see today were built with bricks and cut stone blocks, and lime mortar was used to hold the bricks together. Where bricks and blocks weren't available, tamped earth, uncut stones, and wood were used as local materials.

"Old Dragon's Head" at Shanhai Pass by Jianwangde Xingsheshijie / Tuchong Simatai Great Wall

6. The eastern beginning in the sea: Shanhai Pass

Shanhai Pass was a fortress built in the Ming Dynasty (1368 – 1644) and is the first pass in the East of China. It is located outside of Qinhuangdao City on Bohai Bay and 305 km away from Beijing. Given its strategic location, it's reputed as the "First pass under heaven".

Jiayu Pass by Cai Xiaoxiang / Tuchong Simatai Great Wall

7. The western end in the Gobi Desert: Jiayu Pass

Jiayu Pass is famous for being the first frontier fortress at the western end of the Great Wall of China in the Ming Dynasty. Among the hundreds of passes of the Great Wall, Jiayu Pass is one of the most well-preserved passes in existence.

8. An ancient tale of love: the legend of lady Mengjiang

It's one of the four greatest love legends in ancient China. Lady Mengjiang's husband was sent to build the Great Wall, and never gave news. She departed to bring winter clothes to him but heard that he had already died. She weeped so bitterly that part of the wall collapsed. 

Character brick at Simatai Great Wall (2021-04-05) by Wu Qiang Simatai Great Wall

9. The workers from ancient times left marks on the bricks

Some say that the texts on the bricks is a method that General Qi Jiguang devised in order to assess the quality of the bricks made by the soldiers, and to clarify the responsibilities. However, historians questioned this.  Read more here

Juyong Pass Great Wall by Pingchangxin yq / Tuchong Simatai Great Wall

10. It is Chinese people's greatest cultural icon

The Great Wall is the product of countless labors over a period of 2,000 years, and is a feast of engineering. It also reflected the collision and exchanges between the agricultural and nomadic civilizations.  In the Yuan Dynasty (1272-1368), the Juyong Pass functioned as a major traffic artery from Beijing to Inner Mongolia. Since Yuan emperors often took this route between those places, temporary imperial palaces, temples, and gardens were constructed.

Simatai: “Museum of the Great Wall”

Simatai great wall, “first pass under heaven”: the shanhai pass, the general tower, the kirin screen wall, the fairy tower, eighth of the 15 passes: zijingguan, the lady's pass (niangzi pass), the “turtle ridge'': simatai great wall east 11th tower, interior architectural structure of the great wall.

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17 Facts About the Great Wall of China You Should Know

The Great Wall of China inspires wonder among its millions of visitors each year. Read on to learn about its unique history and how to visit.

Melanie Lieberman is the senior travel editor at The Points Guy and was an editor at Travel + Leisure.

Like a writhing dragon’s tail, the Great Wall of China snakes its way across China’s northern border. As its name suggests, the Great Wall is an imposing architectural marvel, and it’s often hailed as one of the greatest manmade wonders of the world. The Great Wall of China’s history stretches back more than 2,000 years. Despite its cultural and historic importance, it wasn’t until 1987 that the Great Wall of China was listed as a World Heritage site by UNESCO.

But the Great Wall isn’t even a single wall.

“The first thing to note,” travel expert Stan Godwyn told Travel + Leisure , “is that it’s actually a series of walls and fortifications.”

Godwyn typically arranges for clients to visit one of four main sections — Badaling (the most accessible for travelers of varying mobility), Mutianyu (extremely popular and well-restored), Simatai (a crumbling, rugged stretch of wall), and Jinshanling (for serious hikers).

Want to discover more Great Wall of China facts and bits of history? Read on for our definitive guide to this world wonder and ancient marvel.

Where Is the Great Wall of China?

The Great Wall of China is easily accessible from Beijing, though the massive structure stretches from Shanhaiguan in the east all the way to the city of Jiayuguan, in the country’s northwest. Generally speaking, the Great Wall of China defends the country’s northernmost border. A 2012 archeological survey estimated that the wall (taking into account all the dynasties that had worked on the structure) crosses 15 provinces and extends from Xinjiang, in the northwest, to the border of Korea in the east.

How Long Is the Great Wall of China?

If you were to measure all the sections ever built, some reports suggest the Great Wall of China could be a staggering 13,170 miles long. The most popular (and arguably the most beautiful) section was erected during the Ming dynasty, and runs for 5,500 miles between Hushan to the Jiayuguan Pass. Even if you only take into consideration the main-line length (about 2,150 miles) of the wall — not including branches and spurs — it’s still the record-holding longest wall in the world .

For those wondering how tall the Great Wall of China is, the general answer is that the structure’s height varies considerably, from 15 feet all the way to 39 feet. At its widest point, the wall is 32 feet thick.

When Was the Great Wall of China Built?

It’s hard to say precisely when the Great Wall of China was built, as so many dynasties and rulers contributed to its construction. Some 20 states and dynasties contributed to the construction of the Great Wall of China over the course of millennia. It’s thought that the first lengths of the wall were built as early as 771 B.C.E., though official work didn’t begin until 220 B.C.E., during the reign of Emperor Qin Shi Huang. Most of what remains today — that 5,500-mile stretch — was built during the Ming dynasty (between 1368 and 1644).

Why Was the Great Wall of China Built?

Originally built as a wartime defense, the Great Wall of China features many towers and passes. When Emperor Qin Shi Huang first proposed the so-called Long Wall, it was meant to defend the Chinese states against nomadic tribes from the north.

During the Han dynasty, (between 202 B.C.E. and 220 C.E.) the Great Wall was extended to protect the Silk Road trade. The Ming dynasty is known for not only extending the Great Wall, but also repairing and reinforcing existing structures.

How Was the Great Wall of China Built?

Despite its name, the Great Wall is actually a collection of fortifications, some of which run parallel to one another, while others are circular or side walls. There are even portions of the Great Wall that are natural barriers, like rivers or high mountains.

Hundreds of years before any official construction on the Great Wall began, individual Chinese states built fortifications against one another, using mostly earth, wood, and stones. Construction during the Ming dynasty made use of bricks rather than cut stone, which appears largely in the foundation and gateways.

More than a million soldiers, commoners, prisoners, and animals were recruited to help build the wall. Hundreds of thousands of men died while working on the wall, which required them to carry heavy materials on their backs up to the top of the ridgelines. There are rumors that many of the dead were buried in the wall, though to date there's no hard evidence of this.

Much of the work on the oldest sections of the Great Wall were built by hand, though primitive technology — wheel barrows, ropes, basket-and-pulley systems, and horse- or oxen-drawn carts — was also used.

When Is the Best Time to Visit the Great Wall of China?

The most popular times to visit the Great Wall of China are early May or October — but travelers should expect massive crowds during these periods.

“These are major holidays and everyone travels,” explained Godwyn.

Autumn is arguably one of the most popular and beautiful times to visit the Great Wall of China. Weather is comfortable and dry, and the mountains’ foliage is a kaleidoscopic array of hues.

During the winter, the Great Wall of China is blanketed in snow — and the number of tourists will drop dramatically. Winter is Beijing's shoulder season, so you will enjoy serious deals and discounts on hotel rooms and tours. If you do make a winter trip, be prepared for a slippery, windy walk, and pack accordingly.

Can You See the Great Wall of China From Space?

Contrary to popular rumor, you can’t see the Great Wall of China from space with the naked eye. As NASA reported , however, photographs taken from the International Space Station under ideal conditions have depicted sections of the wall.

How Many People Visit the Great Wall of China?

Every year, more than 10 million people flock to the Great Wall of China, making it one of the world’s most popular tourist attractions. The Badaling section sees the most visitors each year. It once received 100,000 visitors in one day.  

How to Plan Your Visit

The Great Wall of China is a perfect day trip for travelers based in Beijing.

“Most clients do one day at the Great Wall as part of a visit to Beijing,” explained Godwyn. “Typically, we have a day of sightseeing in Beijing — then the second day is an excursion to the wall.”

Pick the part of the wall that best suits your needs and interests. Active, confident hikers should venture to Jinshanling, while families may want to stick with the more accessible Mutianyu section (there’s an unforgettable, five-minute toboggan ride from the top of the eastern end to the bottom).

Check specific fees in advance, but expect to pay around 25 to 65 yuan (under $10) for general admission to the Great Wall.

And don’t rush it. Whether you’re visiting the Great Wall of China on a layover or during a longer trip, we recommend spending at least two or three hours exploring the ancient structure.

Getting to the Great Wall From Beijing

The beautiful Ming dynasty portion of the Great Wall is around 50 miles from Beijing. But getting there can be a bit tricky for travelers making the trek solo.

Visitors sticking with public transportation will first need to get to Dongzhimen Station, where you can take an hour-long express bus ride to Huairou Station. Here, you’ll need to transfer to a bus stopping at the Mutianyu Roundabout.

The Airport Express connects directly from the Beijing Capital International Airport to Dongzhimen Station. Subway lines also transfer to Dongzhimen Station from the Beijing West Railway Station and Beijing South Railway Station.

However, one of the most convenient (and exciting) ways to get there is by taking the train to Badaling Great Wall Railway Station, also known as the world's deepest and largest underground high-speed railway station, which was completed in 2019. There are more than 10 pairs of high speed trains that travel between Beijing and Badaling Great Wall Railway Station, running from Beijing North Railway Station or Qinghe Railway Station.

Many travel experts recommend skipping the train and opting for a hired car and a guide. They’ll be able to take you to less popular sections of the wall and can help navigate unexpected hiccups, such as road closures. A car is also the best way to maximize your time.

Great Wall of China Tour Groups

For a private, luxury tour of the Great Wall, book an itinerary with  Imperial Tours . A Beijing day trip with stops at the Forbidden City and less-touristy sections of the Great Wall also includes fine dining experiences. 

If you’d like to hike, but would prefer not to go it alone, consider the four-day Great Wall Hiking Tour with China Odyssey Tours . After a day exploring the highlights of Beijing (Tiananmen Square, the Temple of Heaven, etc.) you’ll begin a moderate hike from the Jiankou section to Mutianyu.

Try TravelStore for a personalized trip to the Great Wall of China, which might include a customized Silk Road itinerary with stops in Jiayuguan, a northern Chinese city with restored wall sections and the last fortress of the Great Wall.

Even if you’re only in China for a layover, there’s still plenty of time to see the Great Wall. Every single day, Beijing Layover Tour offers private and small-group tours of the Mutianyu section of the Great Wall, ranging from four to five hours in length. You’ll be picked up at arrivals by a tour guide, and transferred back to the airport after the trip. These tours start at $50 for a private visit to the wall.

Hiking the Great Wall

One of the most popular hikes along the Great Wall snakes from the Jiankou section to the Ox Horn at Mutianyu. Here, unrestored sections of wall switch back and forth along steep mountain passes. Hikers should expect to spend up to four hours each way.

Another good hike covers the section from Jinshanling to Simatai West — a challenging route that covers four miles each way, and passes a series of watchtowers.

Or, start at the Gubeikou section of the Great Wall in Gubeikou Town — approximately 90 miles northeast of Beijing. From these quiet, never-repaired stretches of wall, visitors will find unobstructed views of the Yan Mountains before they descend to the Jinshanling section.

The Great Wall of China Dos and Don’ts

Don’t visit the Great Wall during a holiday. The attraction is popular with tourists, but locals love the site as well. Tomb-Sweeping Day in April, for example, sends claustrophobia-inducing crowds to the country’s most famous sites.

Do consider waiting until the late afternoon to visit the Great Wall, when insiders say many of the early morning and afternoon crowds begin to clear out.

Do pack comfortable walking shoes , and plenty of water.

The Great Wall Has Faced Erosion Concerns Over the Years

After centuries defending dynasties, China’s Great Wall has begun to crumble. Entire sections of the wall have been swallowed by weather and time — and that’s to say nothing of the many wars and manmade afflictions. Chinese state-run media has reported that nearly one-third of the walls have already disappeared. It’s not just slow-moving erosion wreaking havoc on the wall — the site has also succumbed to earthquakes and torrential storms.

The Best Restaurant Near the Great Wall of China

One of the most popular places to eat near the Great Wall is  Commune by the Great Wall  — a five-star hotel with a restaurant, Commune Kitchen, that serves Peking duck and other regional Chinese cuisine with a dining room that overlooks the Great Wall. 

Generally speaking, however, food near the Great Wall is quite expensive and not particularly notable. Travelers should consider venturing into the nearby towns for affordable, authentic meals — or waiting until they’ve returned to Beijing for a seat at a top table.

Laws Protecting the Great Wall

It’s not just the immutable forces of weather and time that have destroyed the Great Wall of China. Alarmingly, 30% of the original structure has disappeared, largely because of mankind’s endless meddling.

In 2006, China passed the Great Wall Protection Ordinance, though the country has struggled to enforce any rules or regulations.

Travelers should note that there are fines for taking bricks or other sections of the wall, and that it’s inadvisable to pay locals for access to less-traveled sections, as this puts even more, unregulated parts of the wall at risk of destruction.

Notable Visitors to the Great Wall

In November of 2009, President Barack Obama visited the Great Wall. He famously said the imposing structure puts life in perspective: “Our time here on Earth is not that long, and we better make the best of it.”

President Obama isn’t the only notable world leader or celebrity to visit the Great Wall. Queen Elizabeth II spent time there in the '80s, while famous athletes like Kobe Bryant, Michael Jordan, and Shaquille O’Neal have also made visits. Celebrities like Beyoncé Knowles-Carter and Jennifer Lawrence have been seen sightseeing at the Great Wall.

• Where is it?
• How long is the Great Wall?
• How tall is it?
• How wide is it?
• Who built it?
• When was it built?
• How old is it?
• Why built it?
• Why is it important?
• When did it become famous?
• World Leaders Visited There
• Can you see it from the space?
• Facts for Kids
• Travel Tips
• Hiking & Walking
• Construction

Fun Facts about Great Wall: 25 Things You didn’t Know

Chinese Name: 长城 (cháng chéng), 万里长城 (wàn lǐ cháng chéng), literally meaning ‘The Long Wall of 10,000 Miles' English Name: Great Wall of China The Great Wall of China is the longest man-made structure in the world. Traversing northern part of the country, what was a huge military line of defense in the past has now become a unique world heritage site and a symbol of China. The following 10 vital statistics and 15 fun facts reveal a Great Wall hitherto unknown to you.

10 Interesting Figures of Great Wall

You May Like

Top 15 great wall facts, 1. first and last construction (7th century bc - 1878).

There is a wide misconception that the Great Wall was built under the order of Emperor Qin Shi Huang (259 - 210BC), but it is not true. The fact is that the initial construction was 2,700 years ago during the Spring and Autumn Period (770 - 276BC). The fortifications built by Chu State during the 7th century BC have been proven to be the earliest Great Wall. The last construction was in 1878 in the late Qing Dynasty .  

2. Not One Consistent Wall, but a Collection of Walls

The structure is not in a single long line! In fact, there is not one wall, but many walls, in the plural. It is a defensive network consisting of many walls and forts built in different historical periods, with some segments scattering while some running parallel. In some places, the wall doubles or even triples itself.  

3. Completion of Such a Massive Project Originated from a Rumor

Emperor Qin Shi Huang is often referred as the initiator of the Great Wall. Actually it was he who first commanded the linking of the separate sections built by previous states. It is surprising to know that the decision for this huge project was made due to a rumor! After unifying central China and establishing the Qin Dynasty in 221BC, Emperor Qin Shi Huang wanted to consolidate his power and rule the country forever. He sent a necromancer named Lu Sheng to seek for a way of immortality. After countless empty-handed returns, Lu finally brought back a rumor that Qin would be overturned by the northern nomads. Hearing that, the Emperor was so frightened that he immediately issued an order to connect the walls and extend new ramparts to guard the northern border.

4. The Great Wall You See Today is not as Old as You Think

5. famous badaling vs. nameless wild walls, 6. is it just a ‘wall’.

It is named a ‘Wall’, but actually it is not only a simple ‘Wall’. Historical facts show that it was a comprehensive fortification, consisting of overlapping walls and trenches for blocking enemies, watchtowers and beacon towers for signals and communication, fortresses for head-on battles, and barracks to accommodate soldiers. During the Ming Dynasty, a well-designed array of fortifications such as the Three Inner Passes of Daoma, Zijing, and Juyong, and the Three Outer Passes of Pianguan, Ningwu, and Yanmen, formed a solid defense for the capital city of Beijing.

7. It was not Built for Beating back Mongols

The wall construction commenced in the 7th century BC and was first linked up to a defensive line in around 210BC, much earlier before the rise of the Mongols in 11th century AD. The original purpose was to defend against incursions by northern nomadic tribes living in today’s Mongolia and north China, including successively the Hun, Xianbei, Rouran, and Tujue. Some states also built walls to repel their neighbors.  

8. It didn’t always Succeed in Keeping out Invasions

For thousands of years, the Great Wall to some extent acted like both a physical and mental barrier between the central Chinese Empire and the barbarian northern nomads, but this only worked for the underdog. Several strong nomadic tribes in history had managed passage across the barrier. For instance, in 13th century, the Mongols led by Genghis Khan breached the wall and subjugated north and central China for nearly 100 years; in 1644, the Manchus ’entering from Shanhaiguan resulted in the collapse of the Ming Dynasty.  

9. Can it be Seen from the Space?

10. 1/3 of the wall has disappeared, 11. huge man-made damage since the 1960s.

During the Cultural Revolution from 1960s to 1970s, miles of the Wall were vandalized or destroyed to make way for infrastructure construction. Many bricks were moved to build civilian houses or farms. From 1980s to 1990s, some people even pillaged the bricks and sold them. It was common to see the ramparts being reduced to give way to road or factory construction. There was no clear regulation on the conservation of the Wall until 2006.  

12. The Wall is Sadly Called the Longest Cemetery in the World

13. most widely-spread legend – the cry of meng jiangnu, 14. westerners' first acquaintance with the wall in 4th century, 15. special binding agent from grain, further reading:.

Great Wall of China Facts for Kids Great Wall of China FAQs Great Wall of China - One of the 7 Wonders of the World

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The Great Wall of China.

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The Great Wall of China

Jul 17, 2014

830 likes | 2.17k Views

The Great Wall of China. Architecture of the Chinese Dynasty . Bibliography . Why was the Great Wall of China built?. To protect China from the Huns all other tribes . To declare where the Chinese border was. How many years did it take to finish the wall?. 300 years . 21 years.

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• ming dynasty
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• endby chris linakerpnp

Presentation Transcript

The Great Wall of China Architecture of the Chinese Dynasty

Bibliography

Why was the Great Wall of China built? To protect China from the Huns all other tribes . To declare where the Chinese border was.

How many years did it take to finish the wall? 300 years 21 years

How far does the wall stretch? About 12.530 Kilometres About 8,850 Kilometres.

What century did construction first start? Between the 9th and 10th century. (B.C) Between the 6th and 7th century. (B.C)

You are correct!  The Great Wall was key to protecting agriculture and resisting cavalry of the Huns and other warrior tribes from the north. The advantages of the enormous barrier diminished with the advancement of gunpowder and other weaponry. The wall was originally built of stone, wood, grass and earth. In the Ming Dynasty bricks were produced in kilns set up along the wall. The bricks were transported by men carrying them on their backs, donkeys, mules and even goats had a brick tied to their head before being driven up a mountain.

You are correct!  Hundreds of thousands of men slaved to build the Great Wall of China, and it took about 300 years to complete. The workers used stones and packed earth to construct the wall. It was dangerous work and more than a million men are said to have died during the construction.

You are correct!  The Great Wall of China, one of the greatest wonders of the world. Just like a gigantic dragon, the Great Wall winds up and down across deserts, grasslands, mountains and plateaus, stretching approximately 8,851.8 kilometres from east to west of China. With a history of more than 2000 years, some of the sections are now in ruins or have disappeared. However, it is still one of the most appealing attractions all around the world owing to it’s magnificence architectural and historical significance.

You are correct!  The Great Wall of China was built over more than two thousand years. Construction on the first section began between the 7th and 6th century BC, and the last work on the wall was done between the 14th and 17th centuries.

Sorry, you are incorrecttry again!

Did you know? At one time, family members of those who died working on the Great Wall would carry a coffin on top of which was a caged white rooster. The rooster's crowing was supposed to keep the spirit of the dead person awake until they crossed the Wall, otherwise, the family feared the spirit would escape and wander forever along the Wall.

Did you know? During the Chinese Cultural Revolution (1966-78), the Great Wall was seen as sign of despotism, and people were encouraged to take bricks from it to use in their farms or homes.

Did you know? The Great Wall has often been compared to a dragon. In China, the dragon is a protective divinity and is synonymous with springtime and vital energy. The Chinese believed the earth was filled with dragons which gave shape to the mountains and formed the sinew of the land.

Did you know? In 2004, there were over 41.8 million foreign visitors to the Great Wall of China.

Bibliography http://explore.org/explore/china/films/102?gclid=COesnY2Nn6wCFaoB4goddwx43Q?gclid=COesnY2Nn6wCFaoB4goddwx43Q http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Wall_of_China http://www.greatwall-of-china.com/ http://geography.about.com/od/specificplacesofinterest/a/greatwall.htm

The EndBy Chris LinakerPnP 2011 :D

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Facts About the Great Wall of China – Guardian of History

The Great Wall of China stands as an enduring testament to human ingenuity and determination, spanning centuries of Chinese history. Contrary to popular belief, it’s not a single continuous wall but a series of fortifications built and rebuilt by various dynasties, primarily to defend against invasions from nomadic tribes. Stretching over 13,000 miles (21,000 kilometers), it traverses diverse landscapes, from rugged mountains to desolate plains, showcasing remarkable engineering feats like watchtowers, battlements, and defensive structures. This iconic marvel of ancient architecture is not just a physical barrier but a cultural symbol embodying China’s rich heritage and strategic military prowess.

Table of Contents

• 1 A Look at the Great Wall of China
• 2.1 The Total Length of the Great Wall Is 21196.18 km
• 2.2 It Took Over 2,000 Years to Construct the Wall
• 2.3 There Are 15 Strategic Passes from the East to the West
• 2.4 It Is Not a Wall but a Series of Fortifications
• 2.5 Various Materials Were Used to Build the Great Wall
• 2.6 The Workers from Ancient Times Left Marks on the Bricks
• 2.7 The Great Wall of China Cannot Be Seen from Space by the Human Eye Without Aid
• 2.8 It Is the Chinese People’s Greatest Cultural Icon
• 2.9 The Great Wall Is Poisonous
• 2.10 1/3 of the Walls Have Disappeared
• 3.1 How Long Did It Take to Build the Great Wall of China?
• 3.2 Why Was the Great Wall of China Built?
• 3.3 Is the Great Wall of China Open to Visitors?

A Look at the Great Wall of China

The Great Wall of China, often hailed as one of the most iconic architectural wonders in human history, stretches across northern China, winding through rugged mountains, vast plains, and desert landscapes. Contrary to popular belief, it’s not a single continuous wall but a complex network of fortifications built over several dynasties, starting as early as the 7th century BCE.

This colossal structure, spanning over 13,000 miles (21,000 kilometers) in total length, served as a formidable defensive barrier against invasions, incorporating watchtowers, battlements, and other defensive features along its length.

Each section of the Great Wall offers unique insights into ancient Chinese engineering and military strategies. From the well-preserved sections near Beijing, such as Badaling and Mutianyu, showcasing intricate brickwork and strategic positioning, to the more rugged and remote stretches in Gansu and Inner Mongolia, the Great Wall’s diverse architecture reflects the challenges and innovations faced by successive dynasties over centuries of construction and reconstruction.

Its enduring legacy as a symbol of China’s rich history, cultural heritage, and architectural prowess continues to fascinate and inspire visitors from around the globe.

10 Interesting Facts About the Great Wall of China

Explore fascinating facts about the Great Wall of China, an iconic symbol of ancient engineering and human history. Delve into the details of this monumental structure, from its impressive length and construction timeline to intriguing aspects such as visibility from space, cultural significance, defensive strategies, and ongoing preservation challenges. Discover the rich heritage and enduring legacy of the Great Wall through these insightful facts that highlight its importance as a global architectural marvel and a testament to human ingenuity.

The Total Length of the Great Wall Is 21196.18 km

The Great Wall of China is renowned for its vast expanse, stretching an impressive total length of 21,196.18 kilometers.

This monumental structure stands as a testament to ancient engineering prowess and the determination of countless laborers over centuries.

It Took Over 2,000 Years to Construct the Wall

Construction of the Great Wall was a monumental effort that spanned more than 2,000 years. It involved the contributions of multiple Chinese dynasties, showcasing a remarkable continuity of purpose and the enduring significance of fortification in Chinese history.

There Are 15 Strategic Passes from the East to the West

Strategically positioned along the wall are 15 key passes, strategically located to facilitate movement from the eastern regions to the western territories.

These passes played a crucial role in defense, trade, and communication, shaping the geopolitical landscape of ancient China.

It Is Not a Wall but a Series of Fortifications

Contrary to common perception, the Great Wall is not a single continuous wall but a series of interconnected fortifications. These include walls, watchtowers, and defensive structures, each serving specific functions and collectively forming a formidable barrier against invaders.

Various Materials Were Used to Build the Great Wall

In its construction, the Great Wall employed a variety of materials, showcasing the resourcefulness and adaptability of ancient builders.

These materials ranged from bricks and stone to earth and wood, each chosen for its durability and suitability to the terrain, contributing to the wall’s enduring legacy as an architectural marvel.

The Workers from Ancient Times Left Marks on the Bricks

Workers who labored on the Great Wall of China in ancient times often left marks on the bricks, including inscriptions, symbols, and even their names. These marks serve as poignant reminders of the human effort and craftsmanship that went into the wall’s construction, adding a layer of historical depth to its architectural significance.

The Great Wall of China Cannot Be Seen from Space by the Human Eye Without Aid

Contrary to popular belief, the Great Wall of China cannot be seen from space by the human eye without aid such as binoculars or a camera with a zoom lens.

While it is an impressive structure, its width and color blend with the natural surroundings when viewed from a considerable distance, making it challenging to discern without technological assistance.

It Is the Chinese People’s Greatest Cultural Icon

As the Chinese people’s greatest cultural icon, the Great Wall holds immense symbolic and historical value. It represents not just a physical barrier but also the unity, resilience, and enduring spirit of the Chinese civilization throughout its long history.

The Great Wall Is Poisonous

Interestingly, certain sections of the Great Wall were constructed using materials that were toxic, such as mixtures containing arsenic.

This was done intentionally to deter enemies from attempting to breach the wall, adding a layer of defense beyond its sheer size and height.

1/3 of the Walls Have Disappeared

Over time, due to natural erosion, human activities, and lack of maintenance, approximately one-third of the Great Wall’s original length has disappeared. This gradual disappearance underscores the challenges of preserving ancient structures and the ongoing efforts required to protect and conserve this monumental piece of world heritage.

The Great Wall of China stands as a monumental achievement in human architecture, blending strategic military defense with cultural significance. Its sprawling expanse and diverse construction techniques reflect centuries of dynastic rule and innovation. Beyond its historical importance, the Great Wall remains a symbol of China’s enduring strength and resilience. As a UNESCO World Heritage Site drawing millions of visitors annually, it continues to captivate the world with its grandeur and timeless allure, showcasing the enduring legacy of ancient civilizations and their architectural marvels.

Frequently Asked Questions

How long did it take to build the great wall of china.

Construction of the Great Wall spanned more than 2,000 years, with various dynasties contributing to its expansion and enhancement. The initial construction began in the 7th century BC, and the wall saw continuous additions and improvements until the Ming Dynasty in the 17th century AD.

Why Was the Great Wall of China Built?

The Great Wall was primarily built as a defensive barrier to protect Chinese states and empires from invasions by nomadic tribes and military incursions. It also served as a means of controlling trade routes and facilitating border control and surveillance.

Is the Great Wall of China Open to Visitors?

Yes, many sections of the Great Wall are open to visitors, allowing them to explore and experience this iconic historical landmark. Popular sections for tourists include Badaling, Mutianyu, and Jinshanling, offering varying degrees of accessibility and scenic views.

Isabella studied at the University of Cape Town in South Africa and graduated with a Bachelor of Arts majoring in English Literature & Language and Psychology. Throughout her undergraduate years, she took Art History as an additional subject and absolutely loved it. Building on from her art history knowledge that began in high school, art has always been a particular area of fascination for her. From learning about artworks previously unknown to her, or sharpening her existing understanding of specific works, the ability to continue learning within this interesting sphere excites her greatly.

Her focal points of interest in art history encompass profiling specific artists and art movements, as it is these areas where she is able to really dig deep into the rich narrative of the art world. Additionally, she particularly enjoys exploring the different artistic styles of the 20 th century, as well as the important impact that female artists have had on the development of art history.

Learn more about Isabella Meyer and the Art in Context Team .

Cite this Article

Isabella, Meyer, “Facts About the Great Wall of China – Guardian of History.” Art in Context. April 10, 2024. URL: https://artincontext.org/facts-about-the-great-wall-of-china/

Meyer, I. (2024, 10 April). Facts About the Great Wall of China – Guardian of History. Art in Context. https://artincontext.org/facts-about-the-great-wall-of-china/

Meyer, Isabella. “Facts About the Great Wall of China – Guardian of History.” Art in Context , April 10, 2024. https://artincontext.org/facts-about-the-great-wall-of-china/ .

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A Short Introduction to The Great Wall of China

by Danny Ballan | Nov 29, 2022 | Short Introductions

Introduction

Audio episode, interactive transcript, why was the great wall built, how was the great wall built, the great wall today, practice worksheet (downloadable pdf).

Learn about The Great Wall of China in this very short introduction from Do You Know Podcast, a podcast from English Plus Podcast Network.

[ai_playlist id=”15827″]

GREAT WALL OF CHINA

Imagine a huge wall stretching for thousands of miles across the land. The wall winds through hills, climbs mountains, and crosses deserts. If you visit China you can see a wall like this. The Great Wall of China, as it is known, is the longest structure ever built.

The Great Wall of China zigzags across parts of northern China. It was built section by section over centuries. In fact, there are many gaps between the sections, so the Great Wall isn’t a single, solid wall. But if all the sections are measured, the wall is about 4,000 miles (6,400 kilometers) long!

Since ancient times, Chinese people have built walls to protect their borders. Some walls were built between parts of China that were fighting each other. Other walls protected China from outside invaders.

More than 2,000 years ago, the first emperor of China built a long wall to defend the northern border. The emperor, Qin Shi Huangdi, thought of connecting older existing walls with sections of a new wall. The wall he built is considered China’s first Great Wall.

By the late 1400s, much of the old wall had fallen into ruin. The Ming dynasty, a group that ruled China, decided to build a new wall. The Ming rulers wanted to keep China safe from the Mongols, who had a powerful army. They also wanted to move part of the wall farther south. There it could be built to form a long defensive ring around Beijing, the capital city.

At first, builders used the same construction methods that were used to make the old wall. They packed soil between heavy wood frames. But by the 1500s, the Ming rulers had decided to make parts of the wall much stronger. They ordered their builders to make the wall’s foundation from granite blocks. The sides were built from stone or brick.

Workers built watchtowers into the wall so that soldiers would see Mongol attackers coming. A soldier who spotted the enemy could use a warning signal, such as a torch, to alert a soldier in the next tower. Such signals could be relayed quickly from one tower to the next.

The wall is biggest and strongest near Beijing. There, the wall is about 25 feet (7.5 meters) high and 30 feet (9 meters) thick. The top of the wall is paved with brick, forming a road. The road is wide enough to hold ten soldiers marching side by side.

Construction on the wall continued until the mid-1600s, when the Ming dynasty was overthrown. By that time, it was the longest structure ever built anywhere on Earth.

For centuries, the Great Wall slowly fell apart. Local farmers and villagers used the wall as a source of building materials. Some sections of it were even torn down entirely.

In the 1980s, the government of China began to repair the wall. A few sections were completely rebuilt. Today, the Great Wall is one of China’s most popular tourist sites. Historians study the wall to learn about China’s past.

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China Presentation templates

China is the most populated country in the world, it has the most spoken language in the world and one of the richest cultures in the world. that deserves some google slides themes and powerpoint templates about this nation.

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Teachers' Day in China

Teacher’s Day in China is celebrated on September 10 every year. This is a celebration full of gratitude, love, gifts and ceremonies dedicated to teachers in order to thank them for their hard work and loving, caring attention for their children. This template is focused on this special event! Use...

Qingming Festival

Download the Qingming Festival presentation for PowerPoint or Google Slides and start impressing your audience with a creative and original design. Slidesgo templates like this one here offer the possibility to convey a concept, idea or topic in a clear, concise and visual way, by using different graphic resources. You...

Ancient History of China Thesis Infographics

This infographics template about the history of China is perfect for a thesis on the subject. With stunning watercolor-style illustrations of vegetation as decoration and an elegant and understated design, they provide a wide variety of ways to present your facts and figures while keeping with the theme of Chinese...

China's Armed Forces Day

This Google Slides and PowerPoint template designed for China's Armed Forces Day is a stunning example of the power of visual aids to enhance a presentation. The template features bold, red strokes that evoke the spirit of the Chinese flag, along with golden stars that symbolize the country's strength and...

Simple East Asian Landscape Campaign

If you are fascinated by everything related to the eastern Asian world and want to incorporate it into your presentations as well, you will love this proposal. It has an elegant design, focused on the development of a marketing campaign. It illustrates different landscapes in pastel tones that bring serenity....

Chinese Film Studies - Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) in Chinese

Download the Chinese Film Studies - Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) in Chinese presentation for PowerPoint or Google Slides. As university curricula increasingly incorporate digital tools and platforms, this template has been designed to integrate with presentation software, online learning management systems, or referencing software, enhancing the overall efficiency and effectiveness...

Chinese Cinema and Visual Culture - Master of Arts in Chinese

Download the Chinese Cinema and Visual Culture - Master of Arts in Chinese presentation for PowerPoint or Google Slides. As university curricula increasingly incorporate digital tools and platforms, this template has been designed to integrate with presentation software, online learning management systems, or referencing software, enhancing the overall efficiency and...

Chinese National Day

October 1 is a very special day in China, as it the date where the proclamation of the People's Republic of China was made more than 70 years ago. Being the most populated country in the world, there's an increasing amount of interest in their culture. Download this template and...

Great Wall of China Tours Campaign

Download the Great Wall of China Tours Campaign presentation for PowerPoint or Google Slides. Improve your campaigns’ management with this template that will definitely make a difference. It will empower you to organize, execute, and track the effectiveness of your campaign. Enriched with innovative resources, it facilitates seamless communication, meticulous...

Longtaitou Festival Minitheme

We're celebrating in China! On the second day of the second month of the Chinese calendar, the dragon raises its head. Excuse me? Don't worry! That's what the name of the Longtaitou festival means. No real dragon is coming for you! (Or is it?). We're not sure, but what we...

Ancient China - History - 7th Grade

Download the Ancient China - History - 7th Grade presentation for PowerPoint or Google Slides. If you’re looking for a way to motivate and engage students who are undergoing significant physical, social, and emotional development, then you can’t go wrong with an educational template designed for Middle School by Slidesgo!...

Classic Antique Oriental Backgrounds

Don’t let the name of this template fool you: there is lots more than just backgrounds in this template to discover! The first half of this presentation is a short trip through antique oriental history, a set of slides that you can fill with data about language, food, traditions, people,...

Traditions of Buddhism

Buddhism is a religion with a high spiritual component and millions of followers around the world. Whether you are a Buddhist or a teacher who wants to teach students the traditions of this doctrine, here is the perfect template. It is very colorful and includes floral motifs. The calligraphic typography...

Advanced Topics in Chinese Literature - Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) in Chinese

Do you know the work The Dream of the Red Chamber? It is one of the most famous novels in Chinese literature written by Cao Xueqin during the Qing dynasty. With more than 2,000 characters and a complex plot, it is considered one of the longest novels in the world....

Chinese Lunar New Year 2024: Wood Dragon

Download the Chinese Lunar New Year 2024: Wood Dragon presentation for PowerPoint or Google Slides and start impressing your audience with a creative and original design. Slidesgo templates like this one here offer the possibility to convey a concept, idea or topic in a clear, concise and visual way, by...

Ancient History of China Thesis

China is one of the oldest and greatest civilizations in the history of mankind. This has left a very important cultural legacy and its reflection endures and will continue to endure among us. One of the most important periods of this country was the ancient era, being a very remarkable...

Asian Landscapes Printable Deck of Playing Cards

If you thought poker night couldn't get any more exotic, then think again! With these printable poker playing cards featuring stunning Asian landscapes, you and your friends will be visiting far off wonders without leaving the comfort of your own home. So, pack your bags and get ready for an...

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