biology research

Biological Research

Special series on Microbial Interactions

The nine articles of this special issue of  Biological Research  address biochemical and genetic determinants of microbial response and tolerance to stressors in different biological models and environmental contexts. Individual articles provide a broad exploration of our current knowledge of response to stressors, with a special emphasis on metal metabolism and toxic compounds.

Special series on Antarctic Research

This special issue on Antarctic research in Biological Research comprises of recent studies, related to the discovery of several new enzymes and biotechnological applications that allow to expand the knowledge of Antarctic organisms and their potential applications.

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IDH1 mutation produces R-2-hydroxyglutarate (R-2HG) and induces mir-182-5p expression to regulate cell cycle and tumor formation in glioma

Authors: Haiting Zhao, Li Meng, Peng Du, Xinbin Liao, Xin Mo, Mengqi Gong, Jiaxin Chen and Yiwei Liao

Therapeutic potential of oleic acid supplementation in myotonic dystrophy muscle cell models

Authors: Nerea Moreno, Maria Sabater-Arcis, Teresa Sevilla, Manuel Perez Alonso, Jessica Ohana, Ariadna Bargiela and Ruben Artero

Dorsal root ganglion-derived exosomes deteriorate neuropathic pain by activating microglia via the microRNA-16-5p/HECTD1/HSP90 axis

Authors: Yinghao Xing, Pei Li, Yuanyuan Jia, Kexin Zhang, Ming Liu and Jingjing Jiang

MicroRNA-721 regulates gluconeogenesis via KDM2A-mediated epigenetic modulation in diet-induced insulin resistance in C57BL/6J mice

Authors: Shaheen Wasil Kabeer, Shivam Sharma, Shalemraju Sriramdasu and Kulbhushan Tikoo

Combined transcriptomics and proteomics unveil the impact of vitamin C in modulating specific protein abundance in the mouse liver

Authors: Lucie Aumailley, Antoine Bodein, Pauline Adjibade, Mickaël Leclercq, Sylvie Bourassa, Arnaud Droit, Rachid Mazroui and Michel Lebel

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Awareness and current knowledge of breast cancer

Authors: Muhammad Akram, Mehwish Iqbal, Muhammad Daniyal and Asmat Ullah Khan

Stress and defense responses in plant secondary metabolites production

Authors: Tasiu Isah

Fate of nitrogen in agriculture and environment: agronomic, eco-physiological and molecular approaches to improve nitrogen use efficiency

Authors: Muhammad Anas, Fen Liao, Krishan K. Verma, Muhammad Aqeel Sarwar, Aamir Mahmood, Zhong-Liang Chen, Qiang Li, Xu-Peng Zeng, Yang Liu and Yang-Rui Li

Coping with drought: stress and adaptive mechanisms, and management through cultural and molecular alternatives in cotton as vital constituents for plant stress resilience and fitness

Authors: Aziz Khan, Xudong Pan, Ullah Najeeb, Daniel Kean Yuen Tan, Shah Fahad, Rizwan Zahoor and Honghai Luo

Biotechnological applications of archaeal enzymes from extreme environments

Authors: Ma. Ángeles Cabrera and Jenny M. Blamey

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Aims and scope

Archival content.

Biological Research , formerly Archives of Experimental Medicine and Biology , was founded in 1964 and transferred to BioMed Central in 2014. An electronic archive of articles published between 1999 and 2013 can be found in the SciELO database.

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To find more information on research funders and institutions worldwide that fund open access article-processing charges (APCs) visit this page .

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Editor’s profile

Manuel J Santos, Editor-in-Chief

Dr Santos is an Associate Professor in the Faculty of Biological Sciences and Medicine at the Pontificia Catholic University of Chile.

Dr Santos received his MD from the University of Chile and his PhD in Cell and Molecular Biology from the Pontificia Catholic University of Chile. He majored in Medical Genetics at The John Hopkins University (USA) and The René Descartes University of Paris (France), and held a post doctorate position in Cell Biology and Genetics at the Rockefeller University (USA).

His research has focused on the biogenesis of cellular organelles, particularly peroxisomes. A pioneer in this field, his research lead him to discover a new type of human genetic disease, the peroxisomal biogenesis disorders, which include Zellweger Syndrome. More recently his research has centered on studying the role of peroxisomes in Alzheimer’s disease, and he also works in the field of bioethics.

Over the span of his career, Dr Santos has published more than 70 peer reviewed papers and been the President of the Society of Biology of Chile, the Genetics Society of Chile and the Bioethical Society of Chile.

About the Society

The Chilean Biology Society (Sociedad de Biología de Chile), previously the Biological Society of Santiago, was founded in late 1928 as a subsidiary of The Societé de Biologie of Paris, France. For several years the summaries of its communications were published in Comps Rendú of the Societé de Biologie du Paris. The Society is currently a member of the International Union of Biological Sciences (IUBS).

The Chilean Biology Society promotes theoretical and experimental studies and research leading to advancement in and dissemination of the biological sciences for the benefit of the community. To accomplish this, the Society organizes periodic scientific meetings in which scientists communicate, comment and discuss research carried out in Chilean or foreign research laboratories. In addition, relations and cooperation with similar domestic and foreign institutions are stimulated, and communication by all appropriate means of biological research carried out in Chile. 

Members of the Society will receive a discount on Biological Research 's article-processing charge when they provide a discount code (which members can obtain by emailing the Society) during the submission process.  The discounted article-processing charge for Society members is £1150 in 2023.

The Society also publishes Revista Chilena de Historia Natural ( Chilean Journal of Natural History, founded in 1897).

Annual Journal Metrics

2022 Citation Impact 6.7 - 2-year Impact Factor 7.2 - 5-year Impact Factor 1.241 - SNIP (Source Normalized Impact per Paper) 1.294 - SJR (SCImago Journal Rank)

2023 Speed 25 days submission to first editorial decision for all manuscripts (Median) 155 days submission to accept (Median)

2023 Usage  489,080 downloads 731 Altmetric mentions 

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ISSN: 0717-6287

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Spiderweb Thread Inspires Ultrasmall Microphones

Sound recording could take a cue from arachnid acoustics

Elizabeth Anne Brown

Mental Time Travel Helps Birds Remember Food Stashes

Eurasian Jays use something similar to humans’ episodic memory to remember where they stored their food

Olivia Ferrari

Goose Bumps, Extra Nipples and Leftover Tails Remind Us of What We Once Were

Human’s evolutionary remnants show us the kinds of animals we used to be

Bethany Brookshire

Orcas Just Sank Another Yacht

Orcas have once again attacked and sunk a boat near the Strait of Gibraltar, a behavior that has scientists stumped

Andrea Thompson

Stolen Bacterial Genes Helped Whiteflies to Become the Ultimate Pests

Rather than relying on bacteria, whiteflies cut out the middleman and acquired their own genes to process nitrogen

Rohini Subrahmanyam

Belugas Flirt and Fight by Morphing Their Squishy Forehead

Scientists are putting together a catalog of communications from belugas’ forehead “melon”

Monique Brouillette

Why Insects Are Lured to Lights in the Night

Moths and other insects aren’t drawn to nighttime illumination for the reasons we think they are

Gary Stix, Immy Smith

Revolutionary Genetics Research Shows RNA May Rule Our Genome

Scientists have recently discovered thousands of active RNA molecules that can control the human body

Philip Ball

Puppy-Dog Eyes in Wild Canines Spark Rethink on Dog Evolution

The eyebrows of the African wild dog have scientists wondering whether other canine species besides domestic dogs can make the irresistible “puppy-dog eyes” expression

Gillian Dohrn, Nature magazine

See What Gives Sourdough Its Distinctive Taste and Smell

You can thank yeast and bacteria cultivated over generations for the distinctive taste and smell of the oldest leavened bread in history

Daniel Veghte, The Conversation US

China’s Population Could Shrink to Half by 2100

Is China’s future population drop a crisis or an opportunity?

Lex Rieffel, Xueqing Wang

Can You Eat Cicadas? Can Your Dog Do So?

Here’s what a chef, a vet and two anthropologists have to say about eating periodical cicadas

Meghan Bartels

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For over 50 years, we have played a central role in the growth of molecular life sciences and the revolution in molecular and cellular biology, genetics, genomics, and computational biology.

BMC Biology

Featured articles.

Featured Article: Pangenome analysis reveals transposon-driven genome evolution in cotton

Featured Review - Sex-limited chromosomes and non-reproductive traits

Cīrulis, Hansson & Abbott review accumulating evidence of how degenerated sex-limited chromosomes can affect non-reproductive traits in XY, ZW or UV sex determination systems

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The crotonylated and succinylated proteins of jujube involved in phytoplasma-stress responses

Authors: Liman Zhang, Huibin Wang, Chaoling Xue, Yin Liu, Yao Zhang, Zhiguo Liu, Xiangrui Meng, Mengjun Liu and Jin Zhao

Dynamics and drivers of fungal communities in a multipartite ant-plant association

Authors: Veronica Barrajon-Santos, Maximilian Nepel, Bela Hausmann, Hermann Voglmayr, Dagmar Woebken and Veronika E. Mayer

Cyp6g2 is the major P450 epoxidase responsible for juvenile hormone biosynthesis in Drosophila melanogaster

Authors: Qiangqiang Jia, Liu Yang, Jiamin Wen, Suning Liu, Di Wen, Wei Luo, Weihua Wang, Subba Reddy Palli and Li Sheng

Comparative transcriptomic analysis provides insights into the genetic networks regulating oil differential production in oil crops

Authors: Jinwen Chen, Yan Hu, Ting Zhao, Chujun Huang, Jiani Chen, Lu He, Fan Dai, Shuqi Chen, Luyao Wang, Shangkun Jin and Tianzhen Zhang

Evolutionary genomics of socially polymorphic populations of Pogonomyrmex californicus

Authors: Mohammed Errbii, Ulrich R. Ernst, Aparna Lajmi, Eyal Privman, Jürgen Gadau and Lukas Schrader

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Research Genomic history of the Italian population recapitulates key evolutionary dynamics of both Continental and Southern Europeans Marco Sazzini  et al. Published on: 22 May 2020

Research Wonky whales: the evolution of cranial asymmetry in cetaceans Ellen Coombs et al. Published on: 10 July 2020

Research Tandem gene duplications drive divergent evolution of caffeine and crocin biosynthetic pathways in plants Zhichao Xu  et al. Published on: 18 June 2020 Research Relationship between oxygen consumption and neuronal activity in a defined neural circuit​​​​​​​ Suzan Özugur  et al. Published on: 03 July 2020

Review X-ray computed tomography in life sciences Shelley D. Rawson et al. Published 27 February 2020 Comment The merger that made us Buzz Baum and David Baum Published 24 June 2020

Review Protein assembly systems in natural and synthetic biology Giulio Chiesa et al. Published: 26 March 2020 Comment Improving the usability and comprehensiveness of microbial databases​​​​​​​ Caitlin Loeffler  et al. Published: 07 April 2020

scribble mutants promote aPKC and JNK-dependent epithelial neoplasia independently of Crumbs

Authors: Gregory R Leong, Karen R Goulding, Nancy Amin, Helena E Richardson and Anthony M Brumby

Molecular dynamics simulations and drug discovery

Authors: Jacob D Durrant and J Andrew McCammon

Structure and function of mitochondrial membrane protein complexes

Authors: Werner Kühlbrandt

Q&A: What is a pathogen? A question that begs the point

Authors: Liise-anne Pirofski and Arturo Casadevall

Q&A: What is the Golgi apparatus, and why are we asking?

Authors: Sean Munro

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Focus: Plant Pathogens

The broad use of the Pm8 resistance gene in wheat resulted in hypermutation of the AvrPm8 gene in the powdery mildew pathogen Lukas Kunz  et al. Published in BMC Biology 8 February 2023

Combined pangenomics and transcriptomics reveals core and redundant virulence processes in a rapidly evolving fungal plant pathogen Hongxin Chen  et al. Published in BMC Biology  6 February 2023

The extrachromosomal circular DNAs of the rice blast pathogen Magnaporthe oryzae contain a wide variety of LTR retrotransposons, genes, and effectors Pierre M. Joubert & Ksenia V. Krasileva Published in BMC Biology  23 November 2022

The Venturia inaequalis effector repertoire is dominated by expanded families with predicted structural similarity, but unrelated sequence, to avirulence proteins from other plant-pathogenic fungi Mercedes Rocafort et al. Published in BMC Biology  3 November 2022

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Open questions, nature communitites: behind the paper.

We are now collaborating with Nature Communities , allowing authors to share experiences designing the study and collecting data by writing their own blog-style post on the paper. 

Read the latest Behind the Paper articles here:

Cones, sticks and croissants: Early cephalopod evolution Alexander Pohle Published Apr 14 2022 Tentacular team up: Deep partnerships between sea anemones and bacteria Shana Goffredi Published Jan 18 2021 Who's a Bonehead? Novel Insights into Evolutionary History from Reptilian Skull Roof Structure Roy Ebel Published Nov 30 2020 Digging into the past of olive trees Toni Gabaldón Published Oct 26 2020

MinION: Democratising biodiversity research by misusing a portable long-read sequencer for short-read barcoding

04 December 2019

Genomic study of tubeworms reveals clues on how species adapt to extreme deep-sea environments

19 November 2019

Answering the call for real-time plant disease diagnostics in resource-poor regions

13 August 2019

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Annual Journal Metrics

2022 Citation Impact 5.4 - 2-year Impact Factor 7.1 - 5-year Impact Factor 1.461 - SNIP (Source Normalized Impact per Paper) 2.324 - SJR (SCImago Journal Rank) 2023 Speed 10 days submission to first editorial decision for all manuscripts (Median) 180 days submission to accept (Median)

2023 Usage  2,378,081 downloads 3,761 Altmetric mentions 

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Peer Review Taxonomy

This journal is participating in a pilot of NISO/STM's Working Group on Peer Review Taxonomy, to identify and standardize definitions and terminology in peer review practices in order to make the peer review process for articles and journals more transparent. Further information on the pilot is available here . 

The following summary describes the peer review process for this journal:

• Identity transparency: Single anonymized
• Reviewer interacts with: Editor
• Review information published: None.

We welcome your feedback on this Peer Review Taxonomy Pilot. Please can you take the time to complete this short survey.

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BMC Biology  is recruiting new Editorial Board Members

We are looking for Editorial Board Members in all fields of biology. If you are interested in becoming an EBM please see this page .

Portable peer review

BMC Biology supports portable peer review by sharing reviews and evaluating papers based on existing reports. Learn more here .

BMC Biology  is a member of the Neuroscience Peer Review Consortium.

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From PLOS Pathogens , Divergence of TORC1-mediated stress response leads to novel acquired stress resistance in a pathogenic yeast

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Our portfolio of biological and life sciences journals continue to push the boundaries of research and research communication. Discover the latest papers…

In this ‘behind the paper’ post, Chris Brimacombe discusses why it is so difficult to study the structure of species interaction networks…

Author: Julia Squarr, Journal Development Manager, PLOS Pathogens and PLOS Genetics PLOS Genetics finds itself at a juncture marked by both reflection…

Journal Information

PLOS Biology publishes significant advances across the biological sciences. And we push boundaries.  Designed to advance science and the communities who depend upon it, we’re transforming research communication to fit the research process. Evolving article types and policies empower authors to share the full story behind their science with a global audience of researchers, educators, policy makers, patient advocacy groups, and the public. 

Transform Your Research

Authors who publish with PLOS Biology benefit from policies and research outputs shaped by the process of scientific enquiry, as well as outstanding quality and trusted expertise. PLOS Biology offers…

• More time to do research. Easily submit a PDF of your manuscript (without formatting!) and get a preliminary decision from one of our staff editors in about one week. You’ll only need to provide additional information if we decide to send your work for peer review.
• Assessment grounded in the roots of science. Our assessment emphasizes the value of research questions and the approach undertaken, surfacing the importance of the entire research process -- not just the final results. 
• Timely feedback on your work. Our Staff Editors provide you with an initial decision within 6 days on average, and peer-review takes 42 days on average.
• Portable peer review.  We consider manuscripts on the basis of reviews received at other journals, working with Academic Editors to arbitrate these reports directly to avoid or minimize further peer-review. 
• More ways to share each stage of your research and get credit for each piece. Preprints as well as a diverse range of publishing options such as preregistration and linked article types document the full research cycle in a way that makes sense for your science. 
• Consideration of complementary research. Although originality is an important criterion for studies published in PLOS Biology , the journal depressurizes the publication process by accepting submissions that confirm, replicate, extend, or are complementary to a recently published significant advance. Read our editorial, The Importance of Being Second for more information on this policy.
• Combined expertise of dedicated Staff Editors and leading scientists in the field. Our Staff Editors work with you to guide your work through submission and peer review. They also partner with our Academic Editors, who are experts in the field, to provide expert guidance. This unique editorial model ensures expertise, fairness and efficiency for each manuscript.
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PLOS Biology is the flagship PLOS journal in the life sciences and features works of exceptional significance, originality, and relevance in all areas of biological science and at every scale; from molecules to ecosystems, including works at the interface of other disciplines. We also welcome data-driven meta-research articles that evaluate and aim to improve the standards of research in the life sciences and beyond. We evaluate research based on the important questions it answers as well as its potential to impact an international scientific community as well as educators, policy makers, patient advocacy groups, and society more broadly.

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PLOS Biology is highly selective and publishes significant advances resulting from original lines of inquiry that have a broad impact in their field and across other disciplines. To be considered for publication, work must also demonstrate a high standard of scientific rigor in its methodology, reporting, and conclusions.

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PLOS Biology offers diverse publication outputs for every type and stage of research so that authors can communicate their work earlier, more broadly, and with more transparency of the entire research process. 

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Preregistration  is an optional first step toward publishing a research article in PLOS Biology that enables authors to increase the transparency, thoroughness, and credibility of scientific results. Authors submit their study design for peer review prior to conducting their investigation. If the proposed study demonstrates originality and potential to provide significant advance to the field, staff editors will issue a provisional accept that enables authors to complete their experiments and submit a completed manuscript, which will be evaluated based on adherence to the study design.

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Regular research articles present original research that significantly advances current understanding in any field across the full spectrum of the life sciences.

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Methods articles describe significant methodological or technical innovations, or substantial improvements over previously established methods. Resources consist of data sets or other significant scientific resources that are of general interest and demonstrate applicability. Learn more . 

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Meta- Research articles are data-driven articles that examine significant questions of how biological research is designed, carried out, communicated and evaluated, or which explores the systems that evaluate and reward individual scientists or institutions. Learn more .

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Brief articles presenting novel, intriguing results from a limited set of experiments that can be summarized in up to 4 figures. Short Reports  are designed to enable authors to communicate a concise set of experiments that may reconcile conflicting observations, or apply known techniques to an original question. Learn more .   

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Brief, early reports that present novel and groundbreaking early findings, confirmed by independent approaches, that have the potential to lead to a significant advance in the field. Discovery Reports  give researchers the flexibility to publish and earn credit for their initial findings as a first step, thereby helping the field move forward earlier. Detailed mechanistic insights are not required at this stage, but could follow in one or more linked Update Articles (see below).

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Update Articles build upon research previously published in PLOS Biology  so that authors can share advances as their work progresses. All primary research, including Research Articles, Short Reports, Discovery Reports, Methods & Resources Articles, Meta-Research Articles and Pre-Registered Research Articles, are eligible for updates. Update Articles may contribute a detailed, robust mechanism or new understanding of a previously described phenomenon or elucidate its physiological relevance. They may also report negative follow up results. Update Articles may be published by the same researchers or by other labs and easily link back to the original article to create a comprehensive research story, and ensure credit is appropriately attributed at each stage of discovery. 

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Department of neuroscience research seminar- bassem hassan.

Bassem Hassan, Research Director and Team Leader at Inserm and Paris Brain Institute, will give a talk titled “Temporal emergence of neuronal connectivity” on May 16th at 1 pm in […]

News & Announcements

Congratulations to Dr. Rejji Kuruvilla on Becoming the Vice Dean for Natural Sciences!

Dr. Rejji Kuruvilla, a professor in the Department of Biology, now also assumes the role of vice dean for natural sciences as of January 1, 2024, taking over from Bertrand […]

Richard E. McCarty, former Krieger School dean and renowned plant physiologist, dies at 85

An article featured in the HUB that can be found here, announced that Richard E. McCarty, died at home in Roland Park Place in Baltimore on February 23 due to […]

Disordered C-terminal domain drives spatiotemporal confinement of RNAPII to enhance search for chromatin targets

The Wu lab employed single-molecule tracking and spatiotemporal mapping in live yeast to demonstrate the necessity of the CTD in restricting RNAPII diffusion within a subnuclear area enriched with active […]

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Biology library

Welcome to the biology library, unit 1: intro to biology, unit 2: chemistry of life, unit 3: water, acids, and bases, unit 4: properties of carbon, unit 5: macromolecules, unit 6: elements of life, unit 7: energy and enzymes, unit 8: structure of a cell, unit 9: more about cells, unit 10: membranes and transport, unit 11: more about membranes, unit 12: cellular respiration, unit 13: photosynthesis, unit 14: cell signaling, unit 15: cell division, unit 16: classical and molecular genetics, unit 17: dna as the genetic material, unit 18: central dogma (dna to rna to protein), unit 19: gene regulation, unit 20: biotechnology, unit 21: more molecular biology, unit 22: developmental biology, unit 23: bacteria and archaea, unit 24: viruses, unit 25: evolution and the tree of life, unit 26: more about evolution and natural selection, unit 27: history of life on earth, unit 28: ecology, unit 29: more about ecology, unit 30: biodiversity and conservation, unit 31: behavioral biology, unit 32: principles of physiology, unit 33: human biology, unit 34: plant biology, unit 35: ap free response worked examples, unit 36: crash course: biology and ecology, unit 37: meet the biology professional.

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Respect   We foster a safe and supportive environment where everyone is treated with respect and dignity and is able to work towards their aspirations .    

Engagement We encourage difficult conversations about racial, gender, structural and other inequities in our labs, institutions, and society .   We listen actively and openly and seek to continually learn from one another during these respectful and open dialogues .  

Action   We take active steps to diversify our community demographics , promote equit able practices , and eliminate systemic racism and other inequities in our departmental structures .    

Support   We prioritize the well-being of our community members and create avenues of support for all , with a particular focus on the needs of B lack people , I ndigenous people , people of color , first generation students, people from underprivileged backgrounds , and other community members underrepresented in the scientific community .   We prioritize diversity, inclusion, and belonging work, advocat e for it at all levels and actively includ e it in all departmental discussions.   

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We carry out our work responsibly and ethically, recognizing that our own choices are reflection s of both ourselves and our community. As a department, we are committed to building institutional accountability and transparency in our decision-making processes.    

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Latest News

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Biology is the scientific study of life and living organisms, encompassing various sub-disciplines such as microbiology, botany, zoology, and physiology. We’re dedicated to bringing you the latest research findings, innovative technologies, and thought-provoking discoveries from top scientists, research institutions, and universities around the world.

This section on biology news includes new research related to many related subjects such as biochemistry, genetics, cytology, and microbiology. Popular sub-topics include Biotechnology , DNA ,  Microbiology , Neurology , Evolutionary Biology , Genetics , Stem Cells , Neuroscience , Bioengineering , and Cell Biology .

Whether you are a professional biologist, an aspiring scientist, or simply someone with a passion for learning about the living world, our Biology News page offers a wealth of information and insights to keep you informed and inspired.

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What Jobs Can You Get With A Biology Degree - A New Scientist Careers Guide

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“What can I do with a biology degree?” is a question biology students often ask themselves. Everything from microscopic proteins and the DNA within the cells of all living organisms to how we interact with complex ecological systems on Earth falls under the realm of biology. Some of the major types of biology include molecular biology , anatomy, physiology and ecology .

With science becoming more interdisciplinary, new careers in biology are emerging as well. Indeed, a degree in biology provides you with knowledge and skills highly relevant to countless industries. 

Graduating from the best universities for biology in the UK, as ranked in the 2024 league table by the Complete University Guide, can lead to lucrative career opportunities. Top universities include Cambridge, University College London (UCL), Oxford, Imperial College London and Durham.

Popular areas where your biology degree will be highly valued include pure biology and life sciences , clinical science , technology and engineering , and environmental science . This article discusses the top three highest paying jobs with a biology degree in each of these fields.

Pure biology and life sciences

Traditional jobs for biology graduates typically involve teaching, research or health promotion. In these fields, you could inspire future biological scientists and conduct high-impact research. With experience and excellence, you could even become a pioneer in whichever area you work in, helping progress the field of biology as a whole.  

• Headteacher

Job role: Headteachers run schools and ensure their success. They are the face of the school and they set out the school’s values and agenda, devise strategies for areas of improvement, comply with health and safety standards, manage finances and foster relationships with students, parents, teachers and, sometimes, politicians. You can still continue to teach biology as a headteacher.

Route: With a biology degree, you could start teaching biology at school once you complete the qualified teacher status (QTS). Get involved with senior roles within your school and help with running the school. Ideally, complete the National Professional Qualification for Headship. After several years of experience as a senior teacher, you could become a headteacher. 

Average salary (experienced): £131,000  

• Professor of biology

Job role: Teaching biological sciences at higher education level is no small feat. Senior lecturers and academics at universities are typically pioneers in their area of interest and have contributed greatly to research, especially at renowned institutions.

Route: Once you have graduated with a BSc in biology, you usually need a Master’s to enter a PhD programme. After working as a research scientist, getting involved in lecturing and doing high-impact research as a postdoc for several years, you could apply for professorship. Senior academics usually end up doing research in a niche area of biology.

Average salary (experienced): £55,000; over £100,000 at certain universities e.g. Cambridge  

• Sports physiologist

Job role: Sports and exercise scientists apply their knowledge of human physiology to help people enhance their sporting performance and improve their overall health. Their working environment may include sports centres, hospitals or research facilities. Many work privately, seeing a range of clients including athletes.

Route: A degree in physiology or biology is typically required; a Master’s or PhD specifically in sports physiology or exercise science can further enhance your employability. After you have established a good reputation, you could manage your own consulting company or work exclusively for high-profile athletes.

Average salary (experienced): £60,000

Naturally, biology is at the heart of medicine and healthcare . Expertise in fields such as genetics , microbiology and biochemistry are driving innovation in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases. If you completed a biology degree, you could do a Master’s, clinical training or placements to qualify for a range of clinical careers.  

• Pathologist

Job role: Pathologists process and examine tissue samples collected from patients to aid the diagnosis of medical conditions. They work with high-tech machines and microscopes and are usually based in hospital labs.

Route: Relevant undergraduate degrees include biology or biomedical science. To work in the NHS, you must enrol onto the Scientist Training Programme (STP) and register with the Health and Care Professions Council (HCPC). You could additionally complete Higher Specialist Scientist Training (HSST) to obtain consultant status.

Average salary (experienced): £69,000

• Clinical scientist

Job role: Clinical scientists can work in a range of specialisms, such as neurophysiology, cardiac science or microbiology. They form a crucial part of a multidisciplinary team to deliver healthcare efficiently and safely. Your exact duties will depend on your chosen career path and may include working as a laboratory technician or seeing patients and performing tests.

Route: This job also involves completion of the STP and HCPC registration, and, optionally, HSST for consultancy. A biology degree is broad enough to allow you to move into most specialisms in clinical science. As a senior clinical scientist, you could take on managerial roles in your department or apply your expertise in biotech , e.g. quality control or research and development.

Average salary (experienced): £68,000

Job role: Geneticists analyse the genomics in all living organisms, but in a clinical setting their focus is limited to human genetics. They study genes involved in health and disease to help medical teams diagnose and offer targeted therapies for genetic conditions and cancers. 

Route: Relevant pre-STP degrees include genetics, biology or other life sciences. A Master’s or PhD is the norm, particularly in academic research. With experience, you could manage genomic research departments, become a professor or move into industries, e.g. the pharmaceutical sector.

Average salary (experienced): £58,000

Technology and engineering

As with most industries, research, medicine and agriculture are becoming heavily reliant on technology. Fields such as biotechnology, bioinformatics and biomedical engineering require excellent knowledge of biology as well as engineering and physics principles. As such, biology graduates with an interest in technological innovation can play a vital role in the biotech sector.

• Data scientist

Job role: Data science is one of the highest paying jobs in tech, particularly in life sciences that deal with large amounts of complex data. Data scientists with a background in biology perform complex data analysis for universities, research facilities or biotech companies with the aim of providing actionable insight.

Route: After a biology degree, you could either do a Master’s in data science or gain relevant experience to land a junior position. Learning advanced methods relating to machine learning and artificial intelligence can significantly boost your job prospects. With experience, you could become a principal data scientist at a biotech firm or an independent consultant data scientist.

Average salary (experienced): £82,500

• Software engineer

Job role: Software engineers with a background in biology design, build and test software for use in biological research at hospitals, labs or biotech firms. They ensure their programme meets their clients’ needs and troubleshoot any potential errors.

Route: A biology degree puts you in a good position to apply to biotech firms for junior positions as employers often prefer candidates with in-depth knowledge of the field. To gain programming skills, you can do a Master’s in software development or become self-taught. With experience, you could move into consultancy or run your own business.

Average salary (experienced): £70,000

• Biomedical engineer

Job role: Biomedical engineering combines principles from biology, physics and engineering to design medical machines and equipment, ranging from prosthetics and implants to surgical robots and scanners. Those in this field often conduct research to build new products to be used in healthcare.

Route: An undergraduate degree in biomedical engineering is the traditional route, but you can still enter this field with a biology degree if you do a relevant Master’s or gain relevant experience, e.g. working as a biological technician. 

As a senior biomedical engineer working in a specialised area, e.g. bionic eyes, you could move into industry and take on managerial roles in health-tech companies. You could also work for the NHS if you complete the STP and register with the HCPC.

Average salary (experienced): £50,000

Environmental and animal care

Biologists working in the environmental and animal care sector offer immense value when it comes to tackling global challenges such as sustainability, conservation , biodiversity and restoration. Environmental scientists can help shape policies and practices aimed at preserving natural environments and safeguarding animal welfare , ensuring a better, greener world.  

Job role: Agronomists supervise agricultural operations and offer guidance to farmers on enhancing soil health and increasing crop yields. Working environments include farms, laboratories and offices. They research soil properties, fertilisers and other substances, and innovate new farming techniques.

Route: A degree in biology with exposure to agriculture is typically sufficient to secure junior positions. Some employers prefer candidates with postgraduate qualifications in certain areas, e.g. crop technology. You could move into consultancy if you become a specialist in advanced methods such as laser weeding.

• Environmental consultant

Job role: Eco consultants investigate the effects of an organisation’s activities on the climate and vice versa. They provide guidance to organisations or governmental bodies on green energy, waste management and environmental regulations. 

Route: After your biology degree, ideally with a focus on ecology, you could complete a Master’s in environmental science to maximise your chances of landing a job and reaching consultancy level quickly. The Knowledge Transfer Partnership (KTP) may be of interest, as it offers postgraduate courses with academic and industrial research projects. With experience, you could become a chartered consultant.

Job role: Zoologists explore animals and their behaviours and may work in academia, wildlife conservation or government. They develop specialisation in one field, such as entomology (insects), ornithology (birds), herpetology (reptiles) or marine biology . Tasks vary based on the sector, but typically involve applying research methods in the field or laboratory to study animals.

Route: Aim to focus on zoology for your biology degree and gain exposure to wildlife conservation. A Master's or PhD degree can significantly enhance your prospects, particularly if you wish to conduct independent research. As you gain experience, you could manage zoology departments, become a consultant or move into environmental journalism.

Average salary (experienced): £48,000

Biology degrees provide a breadth of knowledge about all living organisms and how they interact with the world surrounding them. This, along with their critical thinking and transferable skills, make biology graduates highly employable across sectors. From analysing molecules in disease to building artificial organs or even conserving endangered species, there is no shortage of jobs involving biology .

• Explore careers | National Careers Service [Internet]. Available from: https://nationalcareers.service.gov.uk/explore-careers
• Biological Sciences Rankings 2024 [Internet]. The Complete University Guide. Available from: https://www.thecompleteuniversityguide.co.uk/league-tables/rankings/biological-sciences
• Get into teaching | Get into teaching GOV.UK [Internet]. Get Into Teaching. Available from: https://getintoteaching.education.gov.uk/
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• NSHCS [Internet]. NSHCS. Available from: http://www.nshcs.hee.nhs.uk/programmes/stp
• Genetics Society. Education - genetics society [Internet]. Genetics Society. 2022. Available from: https://genetics.org.uk/careers/education/
• Institute of Analytics - The Future is Here! [Internet]. IoA - Institute of Analytics. Available from: https://ioaglobal.org/
• Get into tech: How to launch a career in IT | BCS [Internet]. Available from: https://www.bcs.org/it-careers/get-into-tech-how-to-build-a-career-in-it/
• Medical engineering [Internet]. Health Careers. 2019. Available from: https://www.healthcareers.nhs.uk/explore-roles/healthcare-science/roles-healthcare-science/physical-sciences-and-biomedical-engineering/medical-engineering
• Agronomist [Internet]. TIAH. Available from: https://beta.tiah.org/w/agronomist
• How to become an Ecologist or Environmental Manager - CIEEM [Internet]. CIEEM. 2024. Available from: https://cieem.net/i-want-to-be/how-to-become-an-eem/
• Science & Research | ZSL [Internet]. The Zoological Society of London. Available from: https://www.zsl.org/what-we-do/science-research

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The beauty of biology

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When Hanjun Lee arrived at MIT, he was set on becoming a Course 5 chemistry student. Based on his experience in high school, biology was all about rote memorization.

That changed when he took course  7.03 (Genetics) , taught by then-professor  Aviv Regev , now head and executive vice president of research and early development at Genentech, and  Peter Reddien , professor of biology and core member and associate director of the Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research.

He notes that friends from other schools don’t cite a single course that changed their major, but he’s not alone in choosing Course 7 because of 7.03.

“Genetics has this interesting force, especially in MIT biology. The department’s historical — and active — role in genetics research ties directly into the way the course is taught,” Lee says. “Biology is about logic, scientific reasoning, and posing the right questions.”

A few years later, as a teaching assistant for class  7.002 (Fundamentals of Experimental Molecular Biology ), he came to value how much care MIT biology professors take in presenting the material for all offered courses.

“I really appreciate how much effort MIT professors put into their teaching,” Lee says. “As a TA, you realize the beauty of how the professors organize these things — because they’re teaching you in a specific way, and you can grasp the beauty of it — there’s a beauty in studying and finding the patterns in nature.”

An undertaking to apply

To attend MIT at all hadn’t exactly been a lifelong dream. In fact, it didn’t occur to Lee that he could or should apply until he represented South Korea at the 49th International Chemistry Olympiad, where he won a Gold Medal in 2017. There, he had the chance to speak with MIT alumni, as well as current and aspiring students. More than half of those aspiring students eventually enrolled, Lee among them.

“Before that, MIT was this nearly mythical institution, so that experience really changed my life,” Lee recalls. “I heard so many different stories from people with so many different backgrounds — all converging towards the same enthusiasm towards science.” 

At the time, Lee was already attending medical school — a six-year undergraduate program in Korea — that would lead to a stable career in medicine. Attending MIT would involve both changing his career plans and uprooting his life, leaving all his friends and family behind.

His parents weren’t especially enthusiastic about his desire to study at MIT, so it was up to Lee to meet the application requirements. He woke up at 3 a.m. to find his own way to the only SAT testing site in South Korea — an undertaking he now recalls with a laugh. In just three months, he had gathered everything he needed; MIT was the only institution in the United States Lee applied to.

He arrived in Cambridge, Massachusetts, in 2018 but attended MIT only for a semester before returning to Korea for his two years of mandatory military service.

“During military service, my goal was to read as many papers as possible, because I wondered what topic of science I’m drawn to — and many of the papers I was reading were authored by people I recognized, people who taught biology at MIT,” Lee says. “I became really interested in cancer biology.”

Return to MIT

When he returned to campus, Lee pledged to do everything he could to meet with faculty and discuss their work. To that end, he joined the MIT Undergraduate Research Journal , allowing him to interview professors. He notes that most MIT faculty are enthusiastic about being contacted by undergraduate students.

Stateside, Lee also reached out to Michael Lawrence , an assistant professor of pathology at Harvard Medical School and assistant geneticist at Mass General Cancer Center, about a preprint concerning APOBEC, an enzyme Lee had studied at Seoul National University. Lawrence’s lab was looking into APOBEC and cancer evolution — and the idea that the enzyme might drive drug resistance to cancer treatment.

“Since he joined my lab, I’ve been absolutely amazed by his scientific talents,” Lawrence says. “Hanjun’s scientific maturity and achievements are extremely rare, especially in an undergraduate student.”

Lee has made new discoveries from genomic data and was involved in publishing  a paper in Molecular Cell and  a paper in Nature Genetics . In the latter, the lab identified the source of background noise in chromosome conformation capture experiments, a technique for analyzing chromatin in cells.

Lawrence thinks Lee “is destined for great leadership in science.” In the meantime, Lee has gained valuable insights into how much work these types of achievements require.

“Doing research has been rewarding, but it also taught me to appreciate that science is almost 100 percent about failures,” Lee says. “It is those failures that end up leading you to the path of success.”

Widening the scope

Lee’s personal motto is that to excel in a specific field, one must have a broad sense of what the entire field looks like, and suggests other budding scientists enroll in courses distant from their research area. He also says it was key to see his peers as collaborators rather than competitors, and that each student will excel in their own unique way.

“Your MIT experience is defined by interactions with others,” Lee says. “They will help identify and shape your path.”

For his accomplishments, Lee was recently named an  American Association for Cancer Research Undergraduate Scholar . Last year, he also spoke at the Gordon Research Conference on Cell Growth and Proliferation about his work on the retinoblastoma gene product RB. Lee was also among the 2024 Biology Undergraduate Award Winners, recognized with the Salvador E. Luria Prize for outstanding scholarship and research of publication quality.

Encouraged by positive course evaluations during his time as a TA, Lee hopes to inspire other students in the future through teaching. Lee has recently decided to pursue a PhD in cancer biology at Harvard Medical School, although his interests remain broad.

“I want to explore other fields of biology as well,” he says. “I have so many questions that I want to answer.”

Although initially resistant, Lee’s mother and father are now “immensely proud to be MIT parents” and will be coming to Cambridge in May to celebrate Lee’s graduation.

“Throughout my years here, they’ve been able to see how I’ve changed,” he says. “I don’t think I’m a great scientist, yet, but I now have some sense of how to become one.” 

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Quantum physics proposes a new way to study biology – and the results could revolutionize our understanding of how life works

Quantum Biology Tech (QuBiT) Lab, Assistant Professor of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles

Disclosure statement

Clarice D. Aiello receives funding from NSF, ONR, IDOR Foundation, Faggin Foundation, Templeton Foundation.

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Imagine using your cellphone to control the activity of your own cells to treat injuries and disease. It sounds like something from the imagination of an overly optimistic science fiction writer. But this may one day be a possibility through the emerging field of quantum biology.

Over the past few decades, scientists have made incredible progress in understanding and manipulating biological systems at increasingly small scales, from protein folding to genetic engineering . And yet, the extent to which quantum effects influence living systems remains barely understood.

Quantum effects are phenomena that occur between atoms and molecules that can’t be explained by classical physics. It has been known for more than a century that the rules of classical mechanics, like Newton’s laws of motion, break down at atomic scales . Instead, tiny objects behave according to a different set of laws known as quantum mechanics .

For humans, who can only perceive the macroscopic world, or what’s visible to the naked eye, quantum mechanics can seem counterintuitive and somewhat magical. Things you might not expect happen in the quantum world, like electrons “tunneling” through tiny energy barriers and appearing on the other side unscathed, or being in two different places at the same time in a phenomenon called superposition .

I am trained as a quantum engineer . Research in quantum mechanics is usually geared toward technology. However, and somewhat surprisingly, there is increasing evidence that nature – an engineer with billions of years of practice – has learned how to use quantum mechanics to function optimally . If this is indeed true, it means that our understanding of biology is radically incomplete. It also means that we could possibly control physiological processes by using the quantum properties of biological matter.

Quantumness in biology is probably real

Researchers can manipulate quantum phenomena to build better technology. In fact, you already live in a quantum-powered world : from laser pointers to GPS, magnetic resonance imaging and the transistors in your computer – all these technologies rely on quantum effects.

In general, quantum effects only manifest at very small length and mass scales, or when temperatures approach absolute zero. This is because quantum objects like atoms and molecules lose their “quantumness” when they uncontrollably interact with each other and their environment. In other words, a macroscopic collection of quantum objects is better described by the laws of classical mechanics. Everything that starts quantum dies classical. For example, an electron can be manipulated to be in two places at the same time, but it will end up in only one place after a short while – exactly what would be expected classically.

In a complicated, noisy biological system, it is thus expected that most quantum effects will rapidly disappear, washed out in what the physicist Erwin Schrödinger called the “ warm, wet environment of the cell .” To most physicists, the fact that the living world operates at elevated temperatures and in complex environments implies that biology can be adequately and fully described by classical physics: no funky barrier crossing, no being in multiple locations simultaneously.

Chemists, however, have for a long time begged to differ. Research on basic chemical reactions at room temperature unambiguously shows that processes occurring within biomolecules like proteins and genetic material are the result of quantum effects. Importantly, such nanoscopic, short-lived quantum effects are consistent with driving some macroscopic physiological processes that biologists have measured in living cells and organisms. Research suggests that quantum effects influence biological functions, including regulating enzyme activity , sensing magnetic fields , cell metabolism and electron transport in biomolecules .

How to study quantum biology

The tantalizing possibility that subtle quantum effects can tweak biological processes presents both an exciting frontier and a challenge to scientists. Studying quantum mechanical effects in biology requires tools that can measure the short time scales, small length scales and subtle differences in quantum states that give rise to physiological changes – all integrated within a traditional wet lab environment.

In my work , I build instruments to study and control the quantum properties of small things like electrons. In the same way that electrons have mass and charge, they also have a quantum property called spin . Spin defines how the electrons interact with a magnetic field, in the same way that charge defines how electrons interact with an electric field. The quantum experiments I have been building since graduate school , and now in my own lab, aim to apply tailored magnetic fields to change the spins of particular electrons.

Research has demonstrated that many physiological processes are influenced by weak magnetic fields. These processes include stem cell development and maturation , cell proliferation rates , genetic material repair and countless others . These physiological responses to magnetic fields are consistent with chemical reactions that depend on the spin of particular electrons within molecules. Applying a weak magnetic field to change electron spins can thus effectively control a chemical reaction’s final products, with important physiological consequences.

Currently, a lack of understanding of how such processes work at the nanoscale level prevents researchers from determining exactly what strength and frequency of magnetic fields cause specific chemical reactions in cells. Current cellphone, wearable and miniaturization technologies are already sufficient to produce tailored, weak magnetic fields that change physiology , both for good and for bad. The missing piece of the puzzle is, hence, a “deterministic codebook” of how to map quantum causes to physiological outcomes.

In the future, fine-tuning nature’s quantum properties could enable researchers to develop therapeutic devices that are noninvasive, remotely controlled and accessible with a mobile phone. Electromagnetic treatments could potentially be used to prevent and treat disease, such as brain tumors , as well as in biomanufacturing, such as increasing lab-grown meat production .

A whole new way of doing science

Quantum biology is one of the most interdisciplinary fields to ever emerge. How do you build community and train scientists to work in this area?

Since the pandemic, my lab at the University of California, Los Angeles and the University of Surrey’s Quantum Biology Doctoral Training Centre have organized Big Quantum Biology meetings to provide an informal weekly forum for researchers to meet and share their expertise in fields like mainstream quantum physics, biophysics, medicine, chemistry and biology.

Research with potentially transformative implications for biology, medicine and the physical sciences will require working within an equally transformative model of collaboration. Working in one unified lab would allow scientists from disciplines that take very different approaches to research to conduct experiments that meet the breadth of quantum biology from the quantum to the molecular, the cellular and the organismal.

The existence of quantum biology as a discipline implies that traditional understanding of life processes is incomplete. Further research will lead to new insights into the age-old question of what life is, how it can be controlled and how to learn with nature to build better quantum technologies.

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Google DeepMind’s new AlphaFold can model a much larger slice of biological life

AlphaFold 3 can predict how DNA, RNA, and other molecules interact, further cementing its leading role in drug discovery and research. Who will benefit?

• James O'Donnell archive page

Google DeepMind has released an improved version of its biology prediction tool, AlphaFold, that can predict the structures not only of proteins but of nearly all the elements of biological life.

It’s a development that could help accelerate drug discovery and other scientific research. The tool is currently being used to experiment with identifying everything from resilient crops to new vaccines. 

While the previous model, released in 2020, amazed the research community with its ability to predict proteins structures, researchers have been clamoring for the tool to handle more than just proteins. 

Now, DeepMind says, AlphaFold 3 can predict the structures of DNA, RNA, and molecules like ligands, which are essential to drug discovery. DeepMind says the tool provides a more nuanced and dynamic portrait of molecule interactions than anything previously available. 

“Biology is a dynamic system,” DeepMind CEO Demis Hassabis told reporters on a call. “Properties of biology emerge through the interactions between different molecules in the cell, and you can think about AlphaFold 3 as our first big sort of step toward [modeling] that.”

AlphaFold 2 helped us better map the human heart , model antimicrobial resistance , and identify the eggs of extinct birds , but we don’t yet know what advances AlphaFold 3 will bring. 

Mohammed AlQuraishi, an assistant professor of systems biology at Columbia University who is unaffiliated with DeepMind, thinks the new version of the model will be even better for drug discovery. “The AlphaFold 2 system only knew about amino acids, so it was of very limited utility for biopharma,” he says. “But now, the system can in principle predict where a drug binds a protein.”

Isomorphic Labs, a drug discovery spinoff of DeepMind, is already using the model for exactly that purpose, collaborating with pharmaceutical companies to try to develop new treatments for diseases, according to DeepMind. 

AlQuraishi says the release marks a big leap forward. But there are caveats.

“It makes the system much more general, and in particular for drug discovery purposes (in early-stage research), it’s far more useful now than AlphaFold 2,” he says. But as with most models, the impact of AlphaFold will depend on how accurate its predictions are. For some uses, AlphaFold 3 has double the success rate of similar leading models like RoseTTAFold. But for others, like protein-RNA interactions, AlQuraishi says it’s still very inaccurate. 

DeepMind says that depending on the interaction being modeled, accuracy can range from 40% to over 80%, and the model will let researchers know how confident it is in its prediction. With less accurate predictions, researchers have to use AlphaFold merely as a starting point before pursuing other methods. Regardless of these ranges in accuracy, if researchers are trying to take the first steps toward answering a question like which enzymes have the potential to break down the plastic in water bottles, it’s vastly more efficient to use a tool like AlphaFold than experimental techniques such as x-ray crystallography. 

A revamped model  

AlphaFold 3’s larger library of molecules and higher level of complexity required improvements to the underlying model architecture. So DeepMind turned to diffusion techniques, which AI researchers have been steadily improving in recent years and now power image and video generators like OpenAI’s DALL-E 2 and Sora. It works by training a model to start with a noisy image and then reduce that noise bit by bit until an accurate prediction emerges. That method allows AlphaFold 3 to handle a much larger set of inputs.

That marked “a big evolution from the previous model,” says John Jumper, director at Google DeepMind. “It really simplified the whole process of getting all these different atoms to work together.”

It also presented new risks. As the AlphaFold 3 paper details, the use of diffusion techniques made it possible for the model to hallucinate, or generate structures that look plausible but in reality could not exist. Researchers reduced that risk by adding more training data to the areas most prone to hallucination, though that doesn’t eliminate the problem completely. 

Restricted access

Part of AlphaFold 3’s impact will depend on how DeepMind divvies up access to the model. For AlphaFold 2, the company released the open-source code , allowing researchers to look under the hood to gain a better understanding of how it worked. It was also available for all purposes, including commercial use by drugmakers. For AlphaFold 3, Hassabis said, there are no current plans to release the full code. The company is instead releasing a public interface for the model called the AlphaFold Server , which imposes limitations on which molecules can be experimented with and can only be used for noncommercial purposes. DeepMind says the interface will lower the technical barrier and broaden the use of the tool to biologists who are less knowledgeable about this technology.

Artificial intelligence

Sam altman says helpful agents are poised to become ai’s killer function.

Open AI’s CEO says we won’t need new hardware or lots more training data to get there.

What’s next for generative video

OpenAI's Sora has raised the bar for AI moviemaking. Here are four things to bear in mind as we wrap our heads around what's coming.

• Will Douglas Heaven archive page

Is robotics about to have its own ChatGPT moment?

Researchers are using generative AI and other techniques to teach robots new skills—including tasks they could perform in homes.

• Melissa Heikkilä archive page

An AI startup made a hyperrealistic deepfake of me that’s so good it’s scary

Synthesia's new technology is impressive but raises big questions about a world where we increasingly can’t tell what’s real.

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Postdoctoral Research Opportunity – Computational and/or Experimental Biology, Genomics

Join the Adli Lab  at the Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine and the Robert Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, one of the nation's leading academic medical institutions (#9 rank in the USA, #25 in the world), dedicated to improving our understanding of genetic and epigenetic mechanisms contributing human disease.

Scientists in the Adli Lab work at the intersection of cutting-edge functional genomics and bioinformatics to understand genome regulation in health and disease. We work with diverse types of genomics data to generate new knowledge of genome function in cancer and other developmental diseases.

We are hiring motivated computational or experimental biologists to join our team as postdoctoral scholars or research scientists to work on NIH-funded research projects generating and applying next-generation degron technologies for genome regulation (Morphic consortium project) or aberrant genome regulation in chemoresistance in cancer and other diseases. Our work is highly interdisciplinary, spanning statistical genetics, genomics, epigenomics, bioinformatics, data integration, and visualization. Our funded projects utilize various functional genomic tools (CRISPR manipulation, RNA-Seq, ATAC-Seq, single cell multi-omics) and data analysis of diverse genomics data types.

The successful candidates will join a multidisciplinary and collaborative team investigating biological questions ranging from basic human genome science to cancer genomics, focusing on chromatin biology. The candidates will regularly interact with experimental scientists to design new experiments and have the opportunity to test their hypotheses experimentally. The lab has deep expertise in CRISPR-based genome manipulation technologies and various functional genome mapping tools.    

Preferred Qualifications: 

• We are looking for wet lab and/or dry lab computational biologists.
• D. or graduate degree in a quantitative discipline such as Statistical Genetics, Bioinformatics, Computer Science, or Statistics, preferably less than 3 years out from the PhD.
• Experience with functional genomics tools or NGS data analyses pipelines (WGS, RNA-Seq, ChIP-Seq, scRNA-Seq, scATAC-Seq, Hi-C).
• First-author publication track-record.
• Expertise in Linux and high-performance computing environments.
• Software skills: programming, e.g., python, R, expertise with documentation, version control, and code releases.
• Experience with the standard suite of bioinformatics tools (R, aligners, callers, single-cell genomics packages, etc.).
• Desire and ability to learn quickly, think creatively, and apply and design new analytic approaches.
• Desire and ability to work both collaboratively and independently.

For more information or to apply, please email [email protected] . To apply, please send your CV, names and contact details for three references, and a cover letter highlighting your research interests, qualifications, and long-term career goals. Please include "Postdoctoral positions in cancer genomics" in the subject line.

Northwestern University is an Equal Opportunity, Affirmative Action Employer of all protected classes, including veterans and individuals with disabilities. Women, racial and ethnic minorities, individuals with disabilities, and veterans are encouraged to apply. Hiring is contingent upon eligibility to work in the United States.

Research Assistant (Life Science Research Professional 1)

🔍 stanford, california, united states.

DESIRED QUALIFICATIONS: 

•    Bachelor’s degree in molecular biology, cell biology, biochemistry, biophysics, or related field. •    Experience with standard wet lab molecular biology techniques (cloning, PCR, mutagenesis) and biochemical techniques                 (protein purification, gel electrophoresis, Western blot). •    Experience with mammalian cell culture techniques. •    Strong analytical and quantitative skills and attention to detail. •    Highly motivated, dedicated and independent. •    Supportive team player. •    Highly organized. •    Excellent interpersonal and communication skills. •    Willingness to learn.

EDUCATION & EXPERIENCE (REQUIRED):

Bachelor's degree in related scientific field.

KNOWLEDGE, SKILLS AND ABILITIES (REQUIRED): •    General understanding of scientific principles. Demonstrated performance to use knowledge and skills when needed. •    Demonstrated ability to apply theoretical knowledge of science principals to problem solve work.  •    Ability to maintain detailed records of experiments and outcomes. •    General computer skills and ability to quickly learn and master computer programs, databases, and scientific applications. •    Ability to work under deadlines with general guidance.  •    Excellent organizational skills and demonstrated ability to accurately complete detailed work.

CERTIFICATIONS & LICENSES:

PHYSICAL REQUIREMENTS*: •    Frequently stand, walk, twist, bend, stoop, squat, grasp lightly, use fine manipulation, grasp forcefully, perform desk-based computer tasks, use telephone, write by hand, lift, carry, push and pull objects weighing over 40 pounds.  •    Occasionally sit, kneel, crawl, reach and work above shoulders, sort and file paperwork or parts.  •    Rarely climb, scrub, sweep, mop, chop and mix or operate hand and foot controls.  •    Must have correctible vision to perform duties of the job. •    Ability to bend, squat, kneel, stand, reach above shoulder level, and move on hard surfaces for up to eight hours. •    Ability to lift heavy objects weighing up to 50 pounds. •    Ability to work in a dusty, dirty, and odorous environment. •    Position may require repetitive motion.

*- Consistent with its obligations under the law, the University will provide reasonable accommodation to any employee with a disability who requires accommodation to perform the essential functions of his or her job.

WORKING CONDITIONS:

•    May require working in close proximity to blood borne pathogens. •    May require work in an environment where animals are used for teaching and research. •    Position may at times require the employee to work with or be in areas where hazardous materials and/or infectious diseases are present.  •    Employee must perform tasks that require the use of personal protective equipment, such as safety glasses and shoes, protective clothing and gloves, and possibly a respirator.  •    May require extended or unusual work hours based on research requirements and business needs.

The Pleiner lab at Stanford Medicine, Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, is seeking a Research Assistant (Life Sciences Research Professional 1) to assist a fundamental research program in cellular and molecular biology. Join our growing team! 

Our lab aims to understand how human cells produce and quality control biomedically important membrane proteins like transporters, receptors and ion channels that are essential many cellular functions. Misfolding and premature degradation of these membrane proteins is leads to severe diseases like cystic fibrosis or various channelopathies. In addition, many viruses exploit the cell’s biogenesis and quality control machinery to for their own replication. We aim to characterize the molecular machines and pathways that mature human membrane proteins to better understand how to treat these disease and fend off deadly viral infections. 

Towards that goal, the lab also develops novel technology to study and modulate protein quality control pathways for therapeutic benefit. The lab combines cell biology, (structural) biochemistry and protein engineering approaches to tackle challenging human health problems like protein misfolding diseases that cause neurodegeneration. One particular type of tool we exploit for these purposes are small, single-domain antibodies (called nanobodies) from alpacas. These tiny antibodies can be produced in human cells to manipulate intracellular biology e.g. to inhibit or activate protein folding and degradation processes. We use alpaca immunization, synthetic nanobody libraries and computational binder prediction tools to generate function-modulating nanobodies targeting key protein folding and degradation factors of biomedical importance. 

In this role you will work alongside senior lab members to assist, as well as independently execute and troubleshoot experiments. You will have the opportunity to train new lab members, help in organizing the lab space and contribute directly to our ongoing research projects and publications. 

Our lab is an inclusive space that fosters learning & curiosity, promotes team work and values mentorship to drive an innovative research program that pushes the boundaries of molecular biology. The ideal candidate will join the lab in June or July.

For more visit our lab website: www.pleinerlab.org

Duties include:  •    Plan approach to experiments in support of research projects in lab and/or field based on knowledge of scientific theory.  •    Independently conduct experiments; maintain detailed records of experiments and outcomes.  •    Apply the theories and methods of a life science discipline to interpret and perform analyses of experiment results; offer suggestions regarding modifications to procedures and protocols in collaboration with senior researcher. •    Review literature on an ongoing basis to remain current with new procedures and apply learnings to related research.  •    Contribute to publication of findings as needed. Participate in the preparation of written documents, including procedures, presentations, and proposals.  •    Help with general lab maintenance as needed; maintain lab stock, manage chemical inventory and safety records, and provide general lab support as needed. •    Assist with orientation and training of new staff or students on lab procedures or techniques.

*- Other duties may also be assigned

The job duties listed are typical examples of work performed by positions in this job classification and are not designed to contain or be interpreted as a comprehensive inventory of all duties, tasks, and responsibilities. Specific duties and responsibilities may vary depending on department or program needs without changing the general nature and scope of the job or level of responsibility. Employees may also perform other duties as assigned.

The expected pay range for this position is $26.44 to $36.54 per hour. Stanford University provides pay ranges representing its good faith estimate of what the university reasonably expects to pay for a position. The pay offered to a selected candidate will be determined based on factors such as (but not limited to) the scope and responsibilities of the position, the qualifications of the selected candidate, departmental budget availability, internal equity, geographic location and external market pay for comparable jobs.

At Stanford University, base pay represents only one aspect of the comprehensive rewards package. The Cardinal at Work website ( https://cardinalatwork.stanford.edu/benefits-rewards ) provides detailed information on Stanford’s extensive range of benefits and rewards offered to employees. Specifics about the rewards package for this position may be discussed during the hiring process.

Consistent with its obligations under the law, the University will provide reasonable accommodations to applicants and employees with disabilities. Applicants requiring a reasonable accommodation for any part of the application or hiring process should contact Stanford University Human Resources at [email protected] . For all other inquiries, please submit a contact form .

Stanford is an equal employment opportunity and affirmative action employer.  All qualified applicants will receive consideration for employment without regard to race, color, religion, sex, sexual orientation, gender identity, national origin, disability, protected veteran status, or any other characteristic protected by law.

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• Job Code: 4943
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• Requisition ID: 103242
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UTA biology students receive awards for excellence

Tuesday, May 14, 2024 • Katherine Egan Bennett : contact

Thirteen undergraduate and graduate students at The University of Texas at Arlington are being honored for excellence in academics, research, mentoring and/or teaching with awards. The awards are a mix of direct applications from students and others where they were nominated by faculty advisors. A committee of biology faculty then voted on the competitive awards.

“It’s so rewarding to be able to honor the next generation of biologists,” said Melissa Walsh, who chaired the selection committee of biology faculty that chose the award winners. “I’m excited to see what these students do as they continue in their research and careers.”

Chad Watkins Memorial Award: Created in honor of Chad Watkins, a UTA doctoral student in biology who died in a car accident in 2013 at age 38, this award recognizes graduate students who demonstrate a strong dedication and significant contribution to the training and professional development of undergraduate researchers. The 2024 recipients are:

• Alison Blanton, a third-year quantitative biology doctoral student in the Ravenscraft Lab . The Chicago native finished her bachelor’s degree from Northern Illinois University in Dekalb and her master’s degree from Southern Illinois University at Edwardsville.
• Emily Van Buren, a fifth-year biology graduate student in the Mydlarz Lab . Originally from Canton, Mass., Van Buren completed her bachelor’s degree at the University of South Florida, Sarasota-Manatee, and her master’s degree at the University of South Florida Moransi College of Medicine in Tampa.

Kretsinger Undergraduate Research Award: This one-time award is given to an outstanding undergraduate biology student. The 2024 recipient is:

• Nathan Rather, a junior biology major from Spring, Texas, who attended Klein Collins High School. Rather was awarded a National Institutes of Health grant earlier this year for his research on cell death in the Ghose Lab .

Outstanding Graduate Research Award: This award is given each year to a graduate student who demonstrates outstanding research performance and achievement at the graduate level. The 2024 recipient is:

• Edita Folfas, a fourth-year doctoral student studying quantitative biology in the Frishkoff Lab . The Toronto, Ontario, Canada-native received her bachelor’s degree from the University of Toronto.

T.E. Kennerly Award: This award is given to the graduate teaching assistant who best exemplifies the devotion to teaching and concern for students exhibited by the late biology Professor Thomas Kennerly. The 2024 recipient is:

• Madison Emery, a fourth-year biology doctoral student in the Mydlarz Lab . Emery completed her undergraduate studies at the University of Miami.

Thomas R. Hellier Jr. and Evelyn F. Hellier Biology Scholarship: Thomas Hellier, a former marine biology professor at UTA, and his wife, Evelyn, created this award to honor one student a year with high academic achievement. The 2024 recipient is:

• Dayanara Arce, a junior biology major from North Richland Hills, who graduated from Birdville High School.

Undergraduate Research Award: This honor is awarded to an undergraduate student with the most outstanding research contribution during an academic year. The 2024 recipient is:

• Neeka Mardani-Kamali, a biology undergraduate student working in the Rogers Lab.

Undergraduate Teaching Award: The Undergraduate Teaching Award honors a student who has shown excellence in undergraduate teaching in the classroom, curriculum development and lap preparation. The 2024 recipient is:

• Hannah McDaniel, a senior biology major from Burleson, Texas, who graduated from Burleson High School.

William F. Pyburn Award: Named for William F. Pyburn, who spurred the creation of UTA’s acclaimed Amphibian and Reptile Diversity Research Center , this award recognizes a graduate student pursing studies in natural history. The 2024 recipient is:

• Zachary Lange, a fourth-year biology doctoral student in the Frishkoff Lab . Originally from Sisters, Oregon, Lange received his bachelor’s degree from Willamette University in Salem, Oregon, and his master’s degree from John Carroll University in Cleveland, Ohio.

William L. and Martha Hughes Award for the Study of Biology: This award was established in 1993 by William and Barbara Hughes in honor of his parents, William and Martha Hughes, who were both faculty at UT Arlington. The award is given to students who show potential for outstanding achievements and who are admitted to the UTA Department of Biology degree program. The 2024 recipients are:

• Omar Elkassih, a junior studying microbiology. Originally from Arlington, he graduated from James Martin High School.
• Ken Perry, a junior biology major and a graduate of Arlington High School. Perry was also named a McNair Scholar earlier this year.
• Eric Pham is a senior microbiology major who graduated from Fossil Ridge High School in Keller, Texas. Although he was raised in Fort Worth, Pham was born in Vietnam.
• Morad Marikh, a junior biology major from Arlington who graduated from James Martin High School.

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Biological sciences articles within Scientific Reports

Article 17 May 2024 | Open Access

Identification of cancer risk groups through multi-omics integration using autoencoder and tensor analysis

• Ali Braytee
•  &  Ali Anaissi

Isobutyric acid enhances the anti-tumour effect of anti-PD-1 antibody

• Masakazu Murayama
• , Masahiro Hosonuma
•  &  Kiyoshi Yoshimura

Radiomic profiles improve prognostication and reveal targets for therapy in cervical cancer

• Mari Kyllesø Halle
• , Erlend Hodneland
•  &  Ingfrid S. Haldorsen

Study on the gut symbiotic microbiota in long- and short-winged brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens (Stål)

• Jingjing Zhao
• , Guangxiang Guan
•  &  Xuping Shentu

Tea and Pleurotus ostreatus intercropping modulates structure of soil and root microbial communities

• Zhengkai Yang
• , Jiaojiao Qu
•  &  Wei Cao

Multidrug-resistant phenotypes of genetically diverse Escherichia coli isolates from healthy domestic cats

• Virginia Núñez-Samudio
• , Gumercindo Pimentel-Peralta
•  &  Iván Landires

Limits on the evolutionary rates of biological traits

• Luis Pedro García-Pintos

Developmental changes of bodily self-consciousness in adolescent girls

• , Cédric Goulon
•  &  Marie-Hélène Grosbras

Low frequency oscillations reflect neurovascular coupling and disappear after cerebral death

• Sven Schulthess
• , Susanne Friedl
•  &  Giulio Bicciato

Associations of coping and health-related behaviors with medical students’ well-being and performance during objective structured clinical examination

• Noémie Barret
• , Théodore Guillaumée
•  &  Sophie Schlatter

A sustainable green-approach for biofabrication of chitosan nanoparticles, optimization, characterization, its antifungal activity against phytopathogenic Fusarium culmorum and antitumor activity

• Noura El-Ahmady El-Naggar
• , Alaa M. Shiha
•  &  A. B. Abeer Mohammed

Data mining and safety analysis of avatrombopag: a retrospective pharmacovigilance study based on the US food and drug administration’s adverse event reporting system

•  &  Meng Wu

Multisensory-inspired modeling and neural correlates for two key binocular interactions

• Vincent A. Billock
• , Kacie Dougherty
•  &  Marc D. Winterbottom

Preference of position in the proximity of various sugars revealed by location analysis of Drosophila melanogaster

• Haruki Kato
• , Hiroyuki Nakagawa
•  &  Kazuhiko Kume

Basal forebrain volume and metabolism in carriers of the Colombian mutation for autosomal dominant Alzheimer’s disease

• Stefan Teipel
• , Alice Grazia
•  &  Nunzio Pomara

Social interactions and olfactory cues are required for contagious itch in mice

• Maryam Shayan
• , Nazgol-Sadat Haddadi
•  &  Ahmad-Reza Dehpour

Use of Immune Profiling Panel to assess the immune response of septic patients for prediction of worsening as a composite endpoint

• Estelle Peronnet
• , Gabriel Terraz
•  &  Jean-François Llitjos

The threat sensitivity scale: A brief self-report measure of dispositional sensitivity toward perceiving threats to physical harm

• David S. March
• , Connor Hasty
•  &  Vincenzo Olivett

Mortality outcomes in diabetic metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease: non-obese versus obese individuals

• Pengwei Zhang
• , Yijun Zeng
•  &  Xianhui Dong

Molecular modeling and simulation approaches to characterize potential molecular targets for burdock inulin to instigate protection against autoimmune diseases

• Huma Farooque Hashmi
•  &  Mohammed Bourhia

Nucleobindin 2 inhibits senescence in gastric carcinoma

• Yu Ishibashi
• , Takashi Itoh
•  &  Makoto Saegusa

5-MeO-DMT induces sleep-like LFP spectral signatures in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex of awake rats

• Annie C. Souza
• , Bryan C. Souza
•  &  Sidarta Ribeiro

Chemogenetic activation or inhibition of histaminergic neurons bidirectionally modulates recognition memory formation and retrieval in male and female mice

• Alessia Costa
• , Eva Ducourneau
•  &  M. Beatrice Passani

Research on multilateral collaboration strategies in agricultural seed quality assurance

• Yanmei Wang
•  &  Yusheng Chen

Assessment of trace and macroelement accumulation in cyprinid juveniles as bioindicators of aquatic pollution: effects of diets and habitat preferences

• Krisztián Nyeste
• , Nurfatin Zulkipli
•  &  László Antal

No evidence for a signal in mammalian basal metabolic rate associated with a fossorial lifestyle

• Hana N. Merchant
• , Jack E. Thirkell
•  &  Steven J. Portugal

Multivariate statistical analysis of bioavailability of heavy metals and mineral characterization in selected species of coastal flora

• Tarla Chudasama
• , Kiran Dangar
•  &  Dushyant Dudhagara

Comparison of 8-vs-12 weeks, adapted dialectical behavioral therapy (DBT) for borderline personality disorder in routine psychiatric inpatient treatment—A naturalistic study

• Milenko Kujovic
• , Daniel Benz
•  &  Eva Meisenzahl

Identification of DprE1 inhibitors for tuberculosis through integrated in-silico approaches

• Swagatika Dash
• , Ekta Rathi
•  &  Suvarna G. Kini

Crowdsourcing with the drift diffusion model of decision making

• Shamal Lalvani
•  &  Aggelos Katsaggelos

Function of MYB8 in larch under PEG simulated drought stress

• Qingrong Zhao
• , Huanhuan Xiong
•  &  Lei Zhang

Evaluation of DNA yield from various tissue and sampling sources for use in single nucleotide polymorphism panels

• David L. Pearce
• , Jessie E. Edson
•  &  W. David Walter

Luminal androgen receptor subtype and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes groups based on triple-negative breast cancer molecular subclassification

• , Tae-Kyung Yoo
•  &  Jun Kang

Directed biomechanical compressive forces enhance fusion efficiency in model placental trophoblast cultures

• Prabu Karthick Parameshwar
•  &  Christopher Moraes

Dual FDG/PSMA PET imaging to predict lesion-based progression of mCRPC during PSMA-RLT

• Florian Rosar
• , Caroline Burgard
•  &  Samer Ezziddin

Damage prediction and improvement method based on cutting mode of circular empty hole

• Huifeng Qin
•  &  Xiao Tong

Effects of plyometric training on health-related physical fitness in untrained participants: a systematic review and meta-analysis

• Nuannuan Deng
• , Kim Geok Soh
•  &  Dong Zhang

Anthropometric and physiological profiles of highly trained sailors in various positions and levels

• , Kaiyang Sun
•  &  Xiuxia Liu

A population-based study on incidence trends of kidney and renal pelvis cancers in the United States over 2000–2020

• Seyed Ehsan Mousavi
• , Morvarid Najafi
•  &  Seyed Aria Nejadghaderi

Comparison of HIIT and MICT and further detraining on metabolic syndrome and asprosin signaling pathway in metabolic syndrome model of rats

• Hiwa Ahmed Rahim
• , Arsalan Damirchi
•  &  Parvin Babaei

Root exudates and rhizosphere microbiota in responding to long-term continuous cropping of tobacco

•  &  Yonglei Jiang

Evaluation of CSF 8-iso-prostaglandin F2α and erythrocyte anisocytosis as prognostic biomarkers for delayed cerebral ischemia after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage

• Karol Wiśniewski
• , Karol Zaczkowski
•  &  Dariusz J. Jaskólski

Synthesis and characterization of iron oxide nanoparticles from Lawsonia inermis and its effect on the biodegradation of crude oil hydrocarbon

• Balakrishnan Muthukumar
• , Ramanathan Duraimurugan
•  &  Tabarak Malik

Article 16 May 2024 | Open Access

Potassium silicate and vinasse enhance biometric characteristics of perennial sweet pepper ( Capsicum annuum ) under greenhouse conditions

• Mahmoud S. Rady
• , Ibrahim M. Ghoneim
•  &  Shimaa M. Hassan

Single-cell classification based on label-free high-resolution optical data of cell adhesion kinetics

• Kinga Dora Kovacs
• , Balint Beres
•  &  Robert Horvath

Optical genome mapping unveils hidden structural variants in neurodevelopmental disorders

• Isabelle Schrauwen
• , Yasmin Rajendran
•  &  Irma Järvelä

Microtubule dependent sorting of actin-binding proteins in mitosis

• Jana Prassler
• , Mary Ecke
•  &  Günther Gerisch

MiR-1976/NCAPH/P65 axis inhibits the malignant phenotypes of lung adenocarcinoma

• Peiluo Huang
• , Hongtao Zhao
•  &  Juan Du

Cryptosporidium spp. in large-scale sheep farms in China: prevalence and genetic diversity

• Qianming Zhao
•  &  Changshen Ning

Antifungal activity of bio-active cell-free culture extracts and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) synthesised by endophytic fungal isolates of Garden Nasturtium

• Hiran Kanti Santra
• , Riya Dutta
•  &  Debdulal Banerjee

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