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essay about england

What's the difference between Great Britain and the United Kingdom? What's the best English music festival? And do English people really drink a lot of tea? Read about England and find out!

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Do the preparation task first. Then read the article and do the exercises to check your understanding.

Preparation

England is the biggest of the four countries in the United Kingdom. Together with Scotland and Wales, these three countries are the island of Great Britain. The English Channel is in the south between England and France. People travel to France by ferry across the English Channel or by train through the Channel Tunnel which goes under the sea.

Over 50 million people live in England and that’s around 80 per cent of the total UK population. It is a multicultural country where more than 250 languages are spoken in the capital city, London. The United Kingdom is a constitutional monarchy, which means that there is a queen or king but they don’t make the laws of the country. Laws and political decisions in England are made by the Parliament of the United Kingdom. The Houses of Parliament are in central London next to the River Thames and the most famous part is the clock tower, Big Ben. Other large cities in England are Birmingham, Manchester, Liverpool, Leeds and Bristol. Outside cities, England is a very green country and has many rural areas of natural beauty such as the Lake District, an area with lots of lakes in the north, and the New Forest, a big area of forest in the south of the country.

The official language of England is English, which is spoken today by millions of people all over the world. Many students go to England from other countries to study the language and learn about the culture. Although everyone speaks English, there are many different accents around the country. French was the official language in England between 1066 and 1362, which is why there are many French words and expressions in English such as ‘bon voyage’ for ‘have a good trip’ or ‘bouquet’ for ‘a bunch of flowers’.

English people love music. In the summer you can go to music festivals all over the country like those at Glastonbury, Leeds or Reading. Glastonbury is a five-day festival of music, dance, comedy, theatre and circus and around 175,000 people go. Many people stay at the festivals for a few days and camp in tents. People listen to all types of music, especially pop and rock. England has produced many international groups and singers like the Beatles, Amy Winehouse, Coldplay, Ed Sheeran and Adele.

The most popular sports in England are football, rugby and cricket and most towns have a sports ground where teams can play. English football teams like Manchester United, Chelsea and Liverpool are world-famous and English football players include David Beckham, Wayne Rooney and Harry Kane. Women’s football is also popular and teams play in leagues and competitions all over the country. Every year, the English rugby union team play in the Six Nations Championship against Wales, Scotland, Ireland, France and Italy. Cricket is a traditional sport played with a bat and ball which began in England and is now played all over the world. People like to watch all these sports on television, as well as other sports like horse racing, tennis, snooker (a type of billiards) and motor racing.

England is a very multicultural country and this has a big influence on the food people eat. Indian, Chinese and Italian cuisines are popular alternatives to traditional English food like fish and chips, roast beef or sausage and mash (mashed potatoes). Many English people drink several cups of tea every day, usually with milk. However, coffee and herbal teas are also popular.

The national flag of England is white with a red cross. It is called the St George’s Cross and Saint George is the patron saint of England. St George’s Day is on 23 April, but it’s not a public holiday. The rose is the national flower of England and the lion is the national animal. The lion is a symbol of many English sports teams.

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British History: The Formation of Great Britain and the United Kingdom

British history is 1000+ years in the making. It starts with England in the 800’s and leads a thousand years later to today’s United Kingdom.

essay about england

The story of British history begins over a thousand years ago with a regional leader called Alfred, King of Wessex, one of the history of England’s most popular monarchs. After the Romans had left the island they called Britannia (which we now call Britain) in the early 5th century, a complex system of governance emerged. The area we now know as England was made up of several regional Kingdoms who spent the next 500 or so years locked in an ongoing cycle of conflict, with each ruler vying for overlordship. Waves of immigration from mainland Europe and Scandinavia altered the island’s demographics and, over time, brought about profound cultural changes. By the time of Alfred’s birth in 848, most of the island was culturally and ethnically what we would now call Anglo-Saxon.

Anglo-Saxon Origins of British History

alfred the great engraving

Alfred ascended the throne of Wessex (the regional Kingdom encompassing large chunks of southwestern England) at the age of 21 and made his capital in the well-known city of Winchester. He immediately set about reorganizing the realm and preparing for a fight to the death with the Vikings, who had by this time conquered vast swathes of the north. Through a combination of tactics, good organization, and luck, he managed to hold them off. He defended his own kingdom and then took the fight to them, gaining overlordship of many of the surrounding Anglo-Saxon kingdoms in the process. By the time of his death in 899, he was the ruler of vast chunks of the island. As the first “King of all the Anglo-Saxons,” he became the undisputed father of the English nation, evermore known to posterity as “ Alfred the Great .”

The History of England Begins

In 927, Alfred’s grandson Æthelstan formally united the various polities of which he was overlord into one Kingdom of England, a Kingdom that would continue to expand across geographic Britain and administer the territory uninterrupted for the next 600 years. Æthelstan’s successors would include such well-known figures as William the Conqueror, Richard the Lionheart, and Henry VIII.

william the conqurer 1066 bayeux tapestry

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By the mid 11th century, England had become a prize worth fighting for. It was an organized nation that spanned vast swathes of geographic Britain. The throne was sought after by enemies to the south in Northern France and to the east in Denmark. In 1066, William the Duke of Normandy launched the famous invasion of England with his dubious claim in hand. Following his victory at the Battle of Hastings , he was crowned King. He and his successors would once again reorganize the Kingdom of England, expel the remaining Vikings and consolidate English domination over the island.

A Brief Detour to Scotland

hadrians wall britain

Unlike England, Scotland was never conquered by the Romans. Emperor Hadrian built his famous wall as a barrier against the territory they called Caledonia. This meant that the northern part of geographic Britain would follow its own separate historical trajectory from the history of England for many centuries. There were regular cultural interchanges, and the border remained in a constant state of flux due to regular wars between England and Scotland. However, Scotland’s history is very much separate from the history of England until much later on in our story of British history.

The Statute of Rhuddlan 1284: King of England and Prince of Wales

The next major point in the political development of England and British history began in the early 13th century after Edward I set about conquering Wales. Much like England, geographic Wales had slowly unified over the previous centuries. The lands were fertile and featured a diverse economy with well-developed trade routes. They were irresistible to the English King looking to expand his treasury. Following a series of military victories and several heroic instances of resistance by Welsh princes, in 1284, the Statute of Rhuddlan effectively ended Welsh independence. The title of Prince of Wales would become honorific, one given to the heir to the English throne at the behest of the English Monarch. Wales would be subsequently directly ruled from the English capital until 1997 when they were granted a degree of devolution for the first time.

From the Medieval to the Early Modern…

The Armarda Portrait of Elizabeth I

From the conquest of Wales to the death of Elizabeth I, the English state as a political entity continued in relative stability. That’s not to say it was not beset by internal conflicts. Dynastic rivalries saw several monarchs overthrown, and rebellions broke out on a regular basis throughout the many centuries of this era. However, the internal conflicts were always over who should wear the English Crown or how the English monarch governed, not over whether there should be a kingdom of England at all.

The next set of major changes to the political status of geographic Britain came at the dawn of the 17th century. Elizabeth I famously declared that she would take no husband, and therefore the heir apparent (although unrecognized formally) was her distant cousin James VII of Scotland. In the twilight years of her reign, secret planning was undertaken by the Virgin Queen’s courtiers to ensure an orderly succession. Upon her death in 1603, the biggest change in the island’s political status since Alfred the Great took place. James VIII of Scotland became simultaneously James I of England. For the first time ever, one Monarch reigned across the entirety of Britain. The history of England ended, and British history began.

union of the crowns painting royal collection

The Union of the Crowns , as it became known, didn’t mean the unification of geographic Britain but the start of a now truly British history. Each nation still retained its own parliament, court, military, and legal system. This status quo would last for the next century. The union marked the beginning of an amalgamation that would take the next century to complete.

execution of Charles I

The 1600s was arguably the most formative century of British history. It was a period marked by revolution. In 1642, Civil War broke out in England. It resulted in previously unimaginable changes. The King was defeated in battle by his own parliament and subsequently executed.

A republic took his place, a first for the history of England and British history in general, with Oliver Cromwell as the new ruler. Cromwell forcibly turned the whole British Islands into the “Commonwealth of England, Scotland and Ireland.” His conquests would see him live out the rest of his life as “Lord Protector,” the de facto military dictator of England, Scotland, and Ireland.

A Brief Detour to Ireland

The story of geographic Ireland is a separate article entirely. However, its fate over the last thousand years has been heavily intertwined with that of geographic Britain and of British history in general. Briefly put, the geographic British Isles consist of the main islands of Ireland and Britain plus many other small ones like Mann and Jersey . English Kings in the medieval period seized control of geographic Ireland, ruling over the clans and principalities that previously existed as feudal overlords. In 1542, Henry VIII, one of the most well-known monarchs in the history of England, became the first King of Ireland. Ireland retained its own Parliament and was ruled by the English monarch in a personal union until 1800.

The Birth of Great Britain

charles II entry london

Following Oliver Cromwell’s death, the monarchy was restored, and the British Isles nominally went back to being three separate kingdoms in a personal union. Yet the integration undertaken by Cromwell’s rule would never really be undone. As is almost always the case, once power is centralized, it is very rarely voluntarily given up. From now on, London would dominate the British Isles.

The restoration introduced the beginnings of what we now know as the concept of constitutional monarchy. Parliament was sovereign with a King who reigned, not ruled. This created an increasingly complex situation that saw one island have two nominally independent legislatures under one head of state. As the 1600s ended, deliberations began between the English and Scottish parliaments on a formal political union . In 1707, the Acts of Union were passed, making geographic Britain “United into One Kingdom by the Name of Great Britain.” Formal British history had begun.

acts of union

This really was a watershed moment in British History. For the first time, the whole of geographic Britain was united into one nation. The union was all-encompassing, including the literal merging of the two flags to create the basis of today’s Union Jack. A new national identity emerged with a new symbol, Britannia. Over the next hundred years, the Kingdom would grow in wealth, power, and influence, seeing the birth of Empire with Britannia ruling the waves.

The Latest Stage In British History: Present-Day United Kingdom

In 1800, the British and Irish Parliaments voted in favor of union. On 1st January 1801, the new United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland was officially born. There was one parliament for the entire British Isles. For the next 120 years , as far away places as Cork, Inverness, and Kent were now governed by one legislature in London.

Yet this new United Kingdom was contested from the start. Many in predominantly Catholic Ireland did not see themselves as British and never would. London would always be seen as a foreign capital. The growing wealth that came from the Industrial Revolution did not make its way across the Irish Sea. Many Irish people saw themselves in the same position as people in many of Britain’s far-flung colonies, victims of colonial oppression. The so-called “Irish Question” would hound British parliamentarians of all political persuasions for the next century leading eventually to first a form of “Home Rule” and then ultimately total independence and the proclamation of an Irish republic in the mid 20th century.

2019 state opening of parliament british history

As we currently stand, the country is now formally the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. The four nations of England, Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland share the same Parliament and the same Queen but also have their own devolved legislatures . In many ways, today’s UK has a quasi-federal structure with each constituent part having varying controls over its own affairs. How long this latest iteration of union will last, though, is for a different article entirely.

Double Quotes

The Christianization of Anglo-Saxon England

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By Thomas Willoughby BA (Hons) Politics Tom is passionate about political history, choosing to specialize in this at University. He graduated from the University of York in 2012 and worked as a Political Campaign Manager for one of the UK’s main parties for a number of years. He currently works in Marketing in the City of London for a Fintech. In his spare time, he loves to travel, go to the theatre, listen to 80’s vinyl, and usually reads at least one political history book every ten days.

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Home — Essay Samples — Geography & Travel — United Kingdom — Introduction to the UK: a beautiful country to live

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Introduction to The UK: a Beautiful Country to Live

  • Categories: England United Kingdom

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Words: 878 |

Published: Feb 12, 2019

Words: 878 | Pages: 2 | 5 min read

  • Greeting strangers with a kiss
  • Gestures such as backslapping and hugging strangers
  • Spiting in public
  • Asking personal or intimate questions (such as “How much money do you earn?” or “Why did you divorce?”)
  • The historical conflict in Northern Ireland
  • Religion (especially in Northern Ireland, Glasgow or Liverpool)
  • The monarchy and the Royal Family
  • Partisan politics
  • The European Union, ‘Brussels’ and the Euro
  • The Middle East
  • Personal questions about a person’s background, religion, occupation
  • Class and the class system
  • Race and immigration
  • Appearance or weight
  • Money (“How much do you earn?”)
  • Criticism or complaints in general

Works Cited:

  • Adichie, C. N. (2014). We should all be feminists. Anchor Books.
  • Hooks, B. (2000). Feminism is for everybody: Passionate politics. Pluto Press.
  • The National Organization for Women. (2021). Women's Rights. https://now.org/issues/
  • Steinem, G. (2015). My life on the road. Random House.
  • United Nations Development Programme. (2021). Gender equality. https://www.undp.org/content/undp/en/home/sustainable-development-goals/goal-5-gender-equality.html
  • Davis, A. Y. (2016). Freedom is a constant struggle: Ferguson, Palestine, and the foundations of a movement. Haymarket Books.
  • Federici, S. (2019). Caliban and the witch: Women, the body and primitive accumulation. Verso Books.
  • Shetterly, M. L. (2016). Hidden figures: The American dream and the untold story of the black women mathematicians who helped win the space race. HarperCollins.
  • Johnson, A. G. (2014). The gender knot: Unraveling our patriarchal legacy. Temple University Press.
  • Orenstein, P. (2012). Cinderella ate my daughter: Dispatches from the front lines of the new girlie-girl culture. HarperCollins.

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essay about england

Subject Material

Easy Text - An Introduction to England

English Country House

England is the largest country in the UK and the one with the most inhabitants (51 million). London is the capital city and the government for the United Kingdom is there. England has a mild climate and is suitable for farming. It is also an industrial country with a variety of industries like tourism, chemicals, electronics and finance. Much of the country is quite flat. The north has some hills and the south has beautiful villages and beaches. There are also many big cities like Manchester and Liverpool. England has had many famous writers, artists and musicians. You have probably heard of Shakespeare, J.R.R Tolkien and of course the Beatles.

Tasks and Activities

English architecture. Photo.

  • Which famous English person would you have been if you were going to a masquerade? (Search online for famous British if you need help.)

You are arranging an 'English Evening' at school. Write an invitation to the students. Include:

  • where to meet
  • when to meet
  • what to bring
  • ask people to dress in an English manner

Remember to be polite in your invitation.

Related content

Find out more about cities and places in England.

What do you know about England? What is typically English? Write down as many things as you can think of and then compare with your neighbour.

Cite or use

Learning content.

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Essay on England Country

Students are often asked to write an essay on England Country in their schools and colleges. And if you’re also looking for the same, we have created 100-word, 250-word, and 500-word essays on the topic.

Let’s take a look…

100 Words Essay on England Country

Introduction to england.

England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It is located to the northwest of mainland Europe and is bordered by Scotland, Wales, the Irish Sea, and the North Sea.

Capital and Language

The capital city of England is London, a big city known for its history and culture. English is the main language spoken by the people here.

Places and Nature

England has many beautiful places, like the Lake District, known for its lakes and mountains. There are also many old castles and parks to see.

The weather in England can change quickly. It is often cloudy and rainy, but there can also be sunny days, especially in the summer.

Sports and Food

Football is very popular in England, and so is cricket. Traditional English food includes fish and chips and a meal called a Sunday roast.

250 Words Essay on England Country

England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It is located on the island of Great Britain and shares land borders with Scotland to the north and Wales to the west. The Irish Sea lies northwest of England, while the Celtic Sea is to the southwest.

The Capital City

The capital of England is London, which is also the largest city. London is known for its rich history, famous landmarks like the Big Ben, Buckingham Palace, and the London Bridge. It is a city where old meets new and is a center for culture, business, and tourism.

English Countryside

Beyond the bustling cities, England has beautiful countryside filled with green fields, hills, and small towns. The Lake District and the Yorkshire Dales are two examples of the stunning natural beauty you can find. These areas are perfect for walking, cycling, and enjoying the outdoors.

Sport and Leisure

Sports are important in English culture, with football (soccer) being the most popular. England is home to the Premier League, one of the world’s most famous football leagues. Cricket and rugby are also popular sports enjoyed by many.

Culture and Traditions

England has a rich cultural heritage with traditions that go back hundreds of years. English tea time, the royal family, and festivals like Guy Fawkes Night are part of what makes England unique. The country has also given the world famous writers like William Shakespeare and J.K. Rowling.

England is a country with a fascinating mix of history and modernity, nature, and city life. It offers a variety of experiences, from exploring ancient castles to watching a football match. England’s rich culture and landscapes make it a wonderful place to learn about and visit.

500 Words Essay on England Country

England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares its borders with Scotland to the north, Wales to the west, the Irish Sea to the northwest, the Celtic Sea to the southwest, and the North Sea to the east. The English Channel separates it from continental Europe. England is also the most populous country in the UK.

The Land and Cities

The land of England has a mix of hills, plains, and large cities. The highest mountain is Scafell Pike, and the longest river is the River Severn. There are many big cities, like London, which is the capital and has famous sights like the Big Ben and the London Eye. Other cities include Manchester, known for its football and music, and Oxford and Cambridge, famous for their universities.

England’s weather can be quite changeable. It is often cloudy, rainy, and not too hot or too cold. The summers are usually warm but not too hot, and the winters can be cold but rarely have very heavy snow.

England has a long and rich history. It was once ruled by Romans, and later by Vikings and Normans. There were many famous English kings and queens, like Henry VIII and Queen Elizabeth I. England also had a big empire in the past, and it affected many parts of the world.

English food might not be as famous as food from other countries, but it has some tasty dishes. Fish and chips are very popular, and so are pies and a roast dinner, which is usually eaten on Sundays. There is also afternoon tea, where people have tea with cakes and sandwiches.

Culture and Sports

England has a lot of culture, with famous writers like William Shakespeare and Charles Dickens. There are many museums and art galleries, especially in London. Sports are also big, with football being the most popular. Cricket and rugby are also loved by many.

England has some of the best schools and universities in the world. Children start school at the age of five and stay until they are at least 16. Many students go to university after school, with Oxford and Cambridge being the most famous.

England is a country with a lot of history, culture, and interesting places to see. From its green lands and busy cities to its old castles and modern sports stadiums, there is something for everyone. Even though the weather can be rainy, the people are friendly and there are many things to do and learn. It is a country that may be small in size but is big in its contributions to the world.

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Essays on England

Faq about england.

A Country Profile of England

Introduction.

England is a country that is located in the United Kingdom. It is bordered by Scotland, Wales, the Irish Sea, and the Celtic Sea and has many islands that are approximately 100. The main spoken language is English. It is one of the countries in which the industrial revolution began during the eighteenth century making it one of the most powerful nations in terms of industrialization. It has a terrain that is mainly comprised of plains and low hills (Tout, p. 27). Its capital city, London, is referred to as the greatest metropolitan city in the entire United Kingdom. England has a population of about fifty-one million people which represents approximately 84% of the total population of the United Kingdom. Politically, the country is very stable. It is known to be one of the strongest colonies in the entire world. It uses a political system referred to as a parliamentary system and a constitutional monarchy. The government in the country has been in existence since the year 1707. The country is divided into regions for ease of governance and equality in the sharing of the national cake. England also has abundant natural resources such as rivers. The climate that is prevalent in the country is temperate marine with temperatures ranging from 00c to 320c. The Atlantic Ocean is the major influencing factor on the temperature and climatic changes of the country. It also receives a significant amount of rainfall throughout the year. Like any other country, the profile of England will be defined by the following factors: ethics, humaneness, poverty and disease, the military and foreign affairs, economics, environmental issues, and morality (Tout, p. 45). In addition, the effect of these factors on the country will be discussed.

Ethics in England

Ethics refers to the issue of morality. Like any other nation, England is governed by a series of ethics that affect, regulate, and control the activities in the country. These ethics are dependent on professions, public ethics, and religions among others. The local authorities must promote public ethics in the societies (Durkheim, p. 38). However, the government is also supportive of the local government in that it offers much guidance to the local government. In England, the perception of the public as far as ethics and service provision is concerned is very important. This is because of the trust the public has in the ethics under which the services are offered. That is why every profession in England is strictly mandated to follow some laid down ethics (Traill, p. 54). A lot of care is taken to ensure that the perception of the public towards the ethics of the services provided is not influenced by the media especially in a negative way. Some of the professions in which ethics is very important as far as their services are concerned include all medical professions such as general practice, nursing, surgery, pharmacy, and clinics among others; teaching, law professions; food processing industry; political careers and government careers. All these professions have ethics that differ from each other depending on the services they offer to the public. The compliance of the professionals with ethics is determined by the public since they are the ones benefiting directly from the services offered (Traill, p. 69). Bleaching of ethics is solved in a court of law.

Humaneness in England

Humaneness refers to how human beings are treated. This entails some factors such as sympathy, compassion, and consideration shown to human beings. In every society, different people differ in terms of health status, social status, and mental status. Due to these differences and many other factors, the issue of humaneness must be applied. A good example of the campaign and consideration for humanity is the fight for the rights of disabled people (Durkheim, p. 160). There has been a set of laid down standards for the society to use to ensure that the less fortunate people in the society are accorded equality as far as access to resources, opportunities like education and jobs as well as other basic rights are concerned. A policy for treating disabled people decently has for instance been formulated. In addition, there have been complaints about the issue of ending the lives of the criminals who have been convicted on murder charges. It has been concluded that instead of ending their lives life imprisonment would be better based on humanity. The issue of humaneness is not only questioned concerning human beings but also to animals. There is a policy that addresses how abattoirs should slaughter the food animals without causing them a lot of misery. In the scientific world, the issue of humanity is also considered (Durkheim, p. 50). This is especially the case when carrying out research studies that affect the lives of human beings, for instance, research that has medicinal value. In such cases, no scientist is allowed to use human beings as samples. Animals like guinea pigs, rabbits, and rats are used for such research.

Poverty in England

Poverty is one of the conditions that are found in every country in the world. However, the level of poverty and the affected population differ from one country to another. The level of poverty in England – which is one of the developed countries in the world – cannot be compared with the level of poverty in the Third World such as Sub-Saharan Africa. This is because these latter countries are still developing. The poverty level in England is not very significant (Kulkarni, p. 190). This is because the greatest constitution of the population is at the age of independence rather than the dependent age which accounts for a high rate of poverty in most countries. However, there is evidence of people suffering from poverty in England. Some of the most important indicators of poverty in England include street children. In the city, there is evidence of street children as well as families who have no place to live due to lack of income. In addition, although some families have shelter over their heads, approximately one million children in the country suffer in overcrowded houses. There are also a good number of English people who live on a low-income level thus forcing them to live under very low living standards.

The unemployment rate is another indicator of the level of poverty in England. Unemployment in England greatly affects the youth ranging from 15 to 25 years. On the other hand, some people are underemployed. This refers to the people who although they have a job their jobs do not allow them to utilize their skills to the fullest. Poverty in England is also indicated by crime. The rate of crime especially robbery and theft are relatively high as the low-income earning people try to make a living for themselves and their families (Kulkarni, p. 189). It should be noted that the most important indicator of poverty in the country is the high number of children from low-income-earning families which amounts to about 70% of the total number of children in England.

Diseases in England

According to the Disease Surveillance System, each country has a list of disease classifications. Several factors determine the prevalence of diseases in any country. They include the climatic conditions, the economy, the living conditions or status of the people, the health care services offered in the country, and also the prevailing lifestyle of the people. There are two main classes of disease namely: communicable diseases and noncommunicable diseases. England is one of the developed countries in the world. Thus, most of the diseases that are prevalent in England are non-communicable diseases that are brought about by people’s lifestyles and include diabetes, hypertension, and obesity. These non-communicable diseases are caused by factors such as diets, a sedentary lifestyle, smoking, and excessive drinking among others. Poor diet which entails fast foods like hamburgers and French fries and lack of exercise are known to contribute to diseases such as obesity especially among children of England.

Although non-communicable diseases are the most common, England also records some communicable diseases particularly sexually transmitted illnesses such as gonorrhea which result from immorality. In England, there is a lot of prostitution going on because the country has one of the biggest and busiest cities in the world. According to the surveillance in the country, the percentage of deaths caused by zoonosis diseases in the country stands at about 10%, the rate of communicable diseases is about 20%, the rate of non-communicable diseases is about 50% while the other percentage is caused by other factors such as accidents. It should however be noted that the mortality rate in the country is about 40% which is a relatively low percentage (Kulkarni, p. 190). This is because of the availability and accessibility of good and advanced medical/health services in the country as well as an efficient and well-organized public health department that campaigns for the prevention of diseases.

The Military in England

The military makes up a great portion of the armed forces in England. It was formed in the year 1707 after the Union Act was enacted. It has the largest navy force in the European Union and apart from the United States England is the only other nation that is currently building some supercarriers and owns some of the most advanced and sophisticated aircraft in the world. It is also known to have the second-largest force in the world in terms of power after the US. The British Monarch in England is the commander in chief. Queen Elizabeth the Second is the Head of the Monarchy to whom all the members of the military swear their allegiance.

According to the law, a crown is superior to the armed forces, and only during peace-seeking missions do they submit under the parliament. It should be noted that the armed forces in England are under the authority of the Prime Minister. The armed forces are also given the responsibility of ensuring the protection of the United Kingdom as well as the overseas territories. The structure of the armed forces commands organization includes the commander in chief that is also the head of state Queen Elizabeth the Second, followed by the Prime Minister, and lastly the cabinet. There is also the ministry that works hand in hand with the armed forces called the Ministry of Defense. The navy department consists of the royal navy and the marine navy. There is also the branch of the British Army which has about 150,250 personnel who are active in the military. The most important elements of the army are fifty battalions, fourteen territorial, and thirty-four regular. The royal air force is operated mainly on air while the marine navy guards the water bodies surrounding the country. All these departments work together to ensure that there is peace, security, and order in the country. They use their techniques to protect the country from invaders who may attack from the air, dry land, or the water (Kulkarni, p. 244). Due to a very well-organized military system, England has been able to enjoy considerable peace.

Foreign Affairs in England

Matters of foreign affairs in the country are controlled by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs which is part of the cabinet. The minister is one of the most important people involved in the formulation of the policies that deal with the issues of England’s foreign relations with its neighbors and other far-off countries. He is also responsible for most of the diplomatic duties in the country. Some of these duties include hosting any foreign leader visiting the country and also organizing the hosting of any leader going for any state visit in another country. This ensures that they are given good and high-quality services and are treated with the decency they deserve. The main roles that are played by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in England include formulation of policies that entail the country’s foreign issues, dealing with the affairs of Britons in other countries, commonwealth affairs, protocol matters, peace initiatives in conjunction with the Ministry of Defense, dealing with treaties, agreements and conventions, control of all the activities of the English embassies all over the world and organization of all state visits (Blij and Scott, p. 112).

Economy of England

Of all the four nations that make up the United Kingdom, England has the largest economy. It is one of the most industrialized countries in the entire world. It is a major producer of products like textiles, chemicals, locomotives, automobiles, and aircraft. The financial sector is the major contributor to the economic growth of England. England’s capital city, London, is one of the largest financial service providers in the globe. It offers financial services such as banking, investment, insurance, commodity exchange as well as currency exchange (Blij and Scott, p. 56). Much of the national income earned by the country is generated in the capital city. The official currency used in the country is the Sterling pound. Agriculture is another extensive income-generating industry in the country. It makes up approximately 60% of the food needs of the country with the main crops that are grown being wheat, oats, barley, fruits, and potatoes. Agriculture contributes about 2% of the country’s gross domestic product.

The service industries like the business sector, insurance sector, and banking industry contribute to the country’s economy not only through increasing the country’s GDP but also through offering job opportunities to the citizens. Around 80% of the employed people are absorbed in these industries (Blij and Scott 90). The manufacturing industry contributes to approximately 26% of the country’s GDP. Some of its manufacturing products include chemicals, pharmaceuticals, and aerospace defense equipment. Tourism is another industry that boosts the economy of England. It contributes about £76 billion to the country’s total economy, with London being the major tourist attraction center. The inner England economy has a per capita that amounts to €71 338 (Blij and Scott, p. 200).

Environmental Issues in England

England like most of the other countries is greatly concerned about the issues of the environment. People have realized that indeed a man cannot live without the environment but the environment can live without a man. It is one of the nations in the world that tackle the issues of pollution, climate change, and environmental sustainability. The country is richly endowed with natural resources which need to be protected to save man’s livelihood (Gerdes, p. 100). It is therefore through the Ministry of Environment’s hard efforts that England’s natural resources are well protected. Besides that, the Ministry of Environment works with the rest of the world to ensure that the level of environmental pollution caused by its industrial activities is reduced through complying with the rules and regulations laid down by the country and other countries. The country is in the front line to ensure that it is protecting and mitigating the climatic changes and preventing toxification of the air which interferes with the air quality.

The environmental protection efforts have benefited the country in that it has led to a great deal of economic growth through the protection of the resources, as well as the recycling, re-using, and recovery of waste. The government, through the Ministry of Environment, is also involved in environmental protection through policy formulation. It also works hand in hand with non-governmental organizations to ensure the maximum protection of the environment. The issue of environmental protection is taken with a great deal of seriousness in the country because of some of the activities the industries in the country are involved in. Some industries, like the manufacturing industry, have to follow the laid down procedures of waste disposal as well as waste emission to the environment to ensure minimum pollution (Gerdes, p. 231).

Morality in England

Morality is one of the most important aspects that affect the progress of any nation. This is because the ability of the citizens to differentiate between what is right and wrong determines greatly their level of output especially in terms of the economic aspect. The issues of morality in England are mainly the responsibility of the church. For example in the year 1960, the church took the greatest responsibility in the formulation of the policy and law that acts against homosexuality. The church was essentially interested in trying to restore the morality of the country by refusing the legalization of homosexuality. The church too is working towards enlightening the citizens against trading their morals with money and other material gains (Durkheim, p. 19). Hence, issues such as prostitution and corruption through bribes are vehemently preached against. The church is also involved in secularism and morality by installing moral values in the secular world.

Works Cited

  • Blij, Harm, and Morris Scott . The economy of the world. Chelsea: Chelsea House Publishers, 1993.
  • Durkheim, Emile . Professional ethics and civic morals. London: Routledge, 1992.
  • Gerdes, Louise . The environment. London: Gale, 2009.
  • Kulkarni, David. Social issues in Development. Chicago: Uppal Publishing House, 1999.
  • Tout, Thomas. The history of England. London: BiblioBazaar LLC, 2009.
  • Traill, Hay . Social England. London: BiblioBazaar, LLC, 2009

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StudyCorgi. (2021, December 5). A Country Profile of England. https://studycorgi.com/a-country-profile-of-england/

"A Country Profile of England." StudyCorgi , 5 Dec. 2021, studycorgi.com/a-country-profile-of-england/.

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British History: The Victorian England Essay

Introduction, works cited.

The term ‘Victorian’ was named after the reign of Queen Victoria who ruled England during the year1837 to 1901. It has been marked in history as an age that was preceded by the Georgian period and succeeded by the Edwardian period. This era is generally regarded as one among the outstanding ages of the United Kingdom that had embossed its marks in various fields, such as with the improvement of industries, the development of the middle class, art, literature, etc. It was also noted for the religious inconsistencies, affected with the advent of many scientific theories like the ‘On the Theory of Species’ by Charles Darwin and the great invention of Cowper Nikes that proved the rotundity of the earth.

History has been characterized this age as a long period of peace, followed by the Crimean War, fought between Russia and the European alliance during the year 1853 to1856 that ended with the fall of the Ottoman Empire in Russia. The term ‘Victorian’ has been achieved a wide range of connotations, with a firm set of moral standards, having Hippocratic application. Victorian age is noted on Victorian’s attitude to sexual decency which was far from reality. Victorians liked to follow conscious blindness in their sexual interactions. One can understand that Victorian morality was wrapped with the aristocracy. It has been observed that even as the Victorians pretend to be better than they exist, others to be much worse than they are. In the pages of world history, England traveled the world of aristocracy and religious perverseness. One can easily find the Victorian age was characterized by explosive changes and developments. Several events affected the social, political, and religious life of the Victorian people. In every field of social life, Victorians made surprising findings and changes. People in Victorian England are the real parents of modern England.

A very notable change of the Victorian people was their belief in the religious faith; it was the time of great religious anarchism. The invention of Darwin’s evolutionary theory became a sudden shock for Victorian faith and optimism. The Victorians experienced a great age of doubt and spiritual hollowness. It was a great age doubt and this doubtful mentality is also has been expressed in the literature of that time. The writers of that time tried to unite Romantic emphasis upon self, emotion, the neoclassical concept of imagination and were eloquent about the responsibility of the artist to the art and the public. It was a period of innovations and surprising changes. These changes would be easily noticeable regarding ideology, politics, and society. It has also been paved the way for many movements like democracy, feminism, socialism, Marxism, etc. the great scholars of the Victorian era-Darwin, Marx and Freud so on had attempted to find the proper solution for the modern problems.

Comparing Victorian age one can see the glimpses of imperialism in economics, politics, culture, and social life. Victorian culture and lifestyle became the striking model of the 19th-century world. Victorian England was never ready to come out of its Hippocratic aristocracy while the arrival of the industrial revolution influences every aspect of the social and the political life of Britain. Victorians were skeptical about the religion but in the 19th century the Christianity regained its lost prestige and the Anglican Church became the main church of that time. Catholicism and Protestantism also had regained their power and fixed their dominance in various parts of England.

Many events had occurred in the Victorian era and these events have been brought tremendous changes in the future life of the British Empire. It was at the time of Queen Victoria (1842) that the law to prohibit women and children was approved. It was also the time of the cholera epidemic that caused the lives of more than 2000 people in1848. Another great event of this age was the Great Exhibition held in 1851, in The Crystal Palace that acquired great success and great mass attention. The most important thing which had a tremendous influence on the social, as well as the religious life of the British people, was the publication of the most controversial book ‘The Origin of Species ‘by Charles Darwin in 1859. The book led to great religious doubt and insecurity among the people and they even questioned the principles of Christianity. The death of Prince Albert in 1861 had a deep impact on Queen Victoria and led her from keeping away from the public for many years and she wore a widow’s bonnet instead of the crown. The mutilation of five or more prostitutes by the serial killer known as Jack the Ripper caused worldwide press coverage and it led to the attack of the public against the police and politicians of that time. It had also led to the resignation of Sir Charles Warrens and a great focus on the suffering of unemployment. The age is particularly known for the free education given to the children in1891.

England’s war with the revolutionary and Napoleonic France had a remarkable effect on English Social and cultural life. The war broke out in 1803 with Russia, Sweden, Australia, and England-called the ‘third coalition’ on one side – with France on the other. France under Napoleon defeated Russia in 1805 and Prussia in 1806. After this successful invasion against Russia, he turned against Great Britain but was defeated in 1805 at Trafalgar.

Changes could be visible towards the concluding part of the Victorian era in the social and cultural life of Britain. Class divisions were common in those days but its allegations remained unrealized. The epidemics and the luxurious life of the Victorians had pressed them very badly and it caused economic inequality. The words of Roberts make it clear when he rightly comments about the close of the century that “In our community, as in every other of its kind, each street had the usual social rating; one side of one end of that street might be classed higher than another…Class divisions were of the greatest consequence though their implications remained unrealized: the many looked upon social and economic inequality as the law of nature…On the whole…most families were well aware of their position within the community, and that without any explicit analyses.” (Roberts). People were divided socially, culturally, and economically. The social life was, to an extent, peaceful excluding the war with France. The political state of Britain was worse with the inefficiency of the politicians and the police who could not assure the safety of the public. They have been severely criticized and often attacked by the public. The great classification existed at the economic level but the people were aware of their status and position in the society. Though there had existed these shortcomings in the Victorian era, one can see that the age has been deeply influenced by present-day England and even now they follow some of the principles and theories followed by the Victorians. So one can undoubtedly remark that the Victorian era was one of the outstanding ages of the history of England.

Roberts. The Classic Slum. (provided by the customer)

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Essay about London

Essay about London 10 models

Last updated Saturday , 16-03-2024 on 10:42 am

Essay about London , contains all the important and valuable information about the city of London. Here you will find essay about London with all the information you are looking for about London, its attractions, geographical location and everything related to London.

 Essay about London

London is one of the most beautiful tourist and industrial cities in the world and if you are looking for more information about the city of London; here you will find essay about London  gives you all the information you seek .

The city of London is the capital and largest city of Britain. It is located on the south side of the country on the Thames, with a population of about 8.4 million, of whom 2.7 million live in inner London neighborhoods.

Its total population in all its suburbs is approximately 15,010,295 inhabitants, according to the 2012 estimates. This is Europe’s largest city by population and one of the most important cultural, political and economic centers in Europe.

It has a large number of famous theaters, universities, museums, educational institutes and cultural centers around the world.

Called several different names, including the following: Londra. Londres. The fog city has a climate of almost permanent fog in summer.

Tourism in London is suitable for all ages, young and old as well as all nationalities, where there are restaurants serving traditional meals from all over the world, often these restaurants in public parks.

There is also a famous market called Burro Market on the south side of the River Thames, as well as other commercial markets that include the world’s most famous restaurants and shops, especially clothing, jewelry and handicraft shops such as the Brick Lane Street in the east from the city.

London is also famous for the Camden market on the north side and the Portobello road on the west side. To enjoy the shopping, it is better to get out of the metro by foot to these markets, where you can see colorful houses and shops that sell old crafts on the street leading to the market.

The most beautiful part of London is the dynamic intercultural integration that a visitor can recognize  the city by walking on the sidewalk, riding the city’s famous red bus or by traveling on the subway.

The city of London is administratively divided into several administrative areas.

It is divided into two parts:

The north of the city: which includes the city district. Camden. Ealing. Enfield District. Barking and Dagenham. Barnett area. Brent area. Havering. London. Hackney. Hammersmith and Fulham. Harnegi. Harrow. And then Forrest. Westminster. Hounslow. Kansas and Chelsea. Newham. Redbrieg. Tower Hamlets.

South of the city, which includes both: Kingston. Merton. Lambeth. Bexley. Bromley. Greenwich. Louis. Saten. Richmond. Croydon. Your error. Wandsworth.

London essay

London is constantly growing. It is wonderful to walk around London and see the architectural and cultural development.

Since the end of the Roman authority over it, it has been in continuous progress since it was called the Little Kingdom of London.

It is wonderful that London passed through the economic events and commercial activities that led to it becoming one of the first centers of civilization.

One of the famous landmarks of London is the expansion of its streets and the vast areas that were used to enlarge the city. Which led to more openness, progress and an increase in the speed of lifestyle and development.

As we all follow from the news that it is always striving for a series of urban plans that lead to the improvement and beautification of the city’s function.

Paragraph about London

London is one of my attractions because of the close distance between us, I like a lot to go to it to spend a day trip with my friends, and do some recreational activities, such as cycling and passing through many of its attractions, such as Buckingham Palace, the Science Museum, or the interactive science and technology center in London, and take some souvenir photos in these wonderful areas.

Finally we head to watch Big Ben and enjoy sitting and talking in this area. And in the evening we take a bus ride, so the whole of London is lit up and more attractive. And at midnight we return to our homes eager to see her again.

London essay in English

At the end of last year, I traveled to London, the capital of the United Kingdom. It is located in the south of Britain on the River Thames. It is one of the most famous and densely populated cities in Europe.

London is an open city with a number of different nationalities. Therefore, there is a great cultural diversity. London is characterized by the unique architectural style that increases the splendor and beauty of the city.

And there are many prestigious universities in London that you can join in order to get the best education. And when you get a degree from these universities, it qualifies you to work in many countries of the world.

Short essay about London

London is a city known for its beauty and has people from all nationalities of the world. Because of the diversity of its population, you can find restaurants from all countries, where a restaurant is opened serving food for each type of population.

Because of her charming nature, she was the source of inspiration for a number of international personalities, including William Shakespeare, writer of Sherlock Holmes stories, and writer of the famous Harry Potter series.

As for music, London is known among the countries of the world for its interest in this form of art, where huge concerts and various festivals are held.

Essay about London city

My name is (..) I have a brother who is five years older than me. I am (..)years old . I study in class (..). I Live in the city of London. I really like to walk around and spend my free time.

But I love the Royal Opera House very much, because my older brother is rehearsing there and doing some performances with a band there. I would love to join this band too when I grow up.

I really like wandering inside the opera and watching the sky through the glass ceilings in the corridors and seeing the stars through them.

I loved watching the last show on the rooftops of the opera due to the outbreak of the Corona virus. I really enjoyed the experience of watching the show in a different place that I’m not used to and found it a great idea.

I also love spending time with my friends in Nottinghill Gate, Chelsea, Camden and Primrose Hill. I am very happy because I live and study in London and do many sports and activities there.

Describe London essay

London is famous as the city of dreams. As it contains many imaginary places that many would like to visit and enjoy spending time in.

Once you arrive in London, you will notice some means of transportation for tourism, such as the bus. You can sit upstairs and watch the landmarks of London through it. The bus provides you with a headset and several languages ​​to learn the landmarks of London through it. The bus will take you to see some of the famous archaeological sites such as Big Ben and other landmarks.

Then it will take you to the most famous landmarks of London or the London Wheel, through which you can see the entire London landmarks, and it is a favorite destination for tourists. Definitely you can try food on the streets of London.

This experience is great for many people who want to break the routine of eating at home or restaurants. There are several fast food areas on both sides of the road. This experience pleases many tourists.

Descriptive essay about London

London is one of the ancient cities that witnessed many wars and many kings. Modern London was formed on many of the ruins of old London, and few archaeological monuments remain that show the features of the old life that London lived and extended to the twenty-first century.

Through one of the most famous landmarks of London, we can see how castles were one of the symbols of ancient London, such as the Tower of London, built in 1078 by William the Conqueror. It served as a strategic defensive headquarters.

We can see many similar castles which were also used as prisons at many times. There are also other aspects of London that show its wealth, such as, Buckingham Palace, which was established in the year 1837.

And the Palace of Westminster, Westminster Abbey, which dates back to 960-970 AD. Many famous kings and writers were buried there, and it is a very big attraction for London because of its civilization and history.

It is through these landmarks that we can understand who life was like in London.

Short paragraph about London

London is my love, I live in London since I was born, I live in the neighborhood of (write the name of the neighborhood). I study in class (type class here).

I very much like to study and live in London, I appreciate this very much and see that many ate not as lucky as me, as they are in different areas less than London in many respects such as health and hygiene and the availability of many opportunities around them.

I learned gratitude when I witnessed many parts of Africa suffering from starvation and poor diet and health. So I value my life very much and the opportunities I have.

I very much like to see the fast life around me in continuous development and creation, and I would very much like to succeed in my hobby that I love and to provide something different that distinguishes me and makes me unique.

I love designing and making electronic games. I hope in the future I can make some great models for movies, or for other purposes. This specialization is in great demand in London, so I aspire to succeed in it.

Describing London in a single paragraph

There is no doubt that London is one of the target tourist destinations for many people, and you can find out why once you arrive and see the historical monuments and how it has preserved its 2,000-year-old splendor.

London is distinguished by its tradition and contemporary art that goes with all eras. You can walk around London to find everything in front of you: wide roads, distinctive pubs, historical and cultural landmarks linking art and politics, you can during your wandering see Big Ben, see Parliament and you can take some pictures with the most famous members of Parliament while wandering in front of it without any guard, and picnic in the gardens and attend amazing modern parties and shows. That is why London is considered the most beautiful city.

In this way, we have given you essay about London,  and you can read more by entering the following section:

  • A trip to London essay

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