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Essay On Nigerianization of Nigeria

• August 25, 2023

The Nigerianization of Nigeria refers to the process of achieving self-governance, political independence, and the empowerment of indigenous Nigerians within their own country . This journey towards self-rule was marked by several significant milestones and challenges.

At the heart of the Nigerianization movement was the quest for political, economic, and social autonomy. During the colonial era, Nigeria was under the control of the British Empire, and there was a growing sentiment among the Nigerian populace for self-determination and the ability to shape their own destiny.

One of the key aspects of Nigerianization was the gradual transition of administrative and leadership roles from British colonial officials to Nigerian citizens. This involved training Nigerians for higher positions in the civil service, education, and other sectors. This process aimed to replace expatriate administrators with capable Nigerians who could effectively manage the country’s affairs.

The push for Nigerianization gained momentum after World War II as colonial powers started to weaken globally. The emergence of political leaders and parties advocating for independence, such as the National Council of Nigeria and the Cameroons (NCNC) and the Action Group, played a crucial role in advancing the cause. Figures like Nnamdi Azikiwe, Obafemi Awolowo, and Ahmadu Bello championed the rights of Nigerians and worked towards achieving greater self-governance.

Nigerianization is the process of replacing foreign personnel and control in Nigeria with Nigerians. It was a policy adopted by the Nigerian government in the 1970s in response to the country’s growing economic and political independence.

The Nigerianization policy was implemented in a number of sectors, including the civil service, the military, and the oil industry. In the civil service, for example, Nigerians were gradually replaced in senior positions by qualified Nigerians. In the military, Nigerians were given preference for promotion, and foreign officers were gradually phased out. In the oil industry, the Nigerian government took control of the major oil companies and replaced foreign personnel with Nigerians.

The Nigerianization policy had a number of positive outcomes. It helped to create jobs for Nigerians and increase their participation in the economy. It also helped to promote national unity and pride. However, the policy also had some negative consequences. It led to a brain drain as many qualified Nigerians left the country to seek better opportunities abroad. It also led to a decline in the quality of services in some sectors as foreign personnel were replaced by less qualified Nigerians.

The Nigerianization policy is still being debated today. Some people argue that it is no longer necessary, as Nigeria is now a more developed country. Others argue that the policy should be continued, as it is still important to give Nigerians a greater stake in their country’s economy.

Ultimately, the success of the Nigerianization policy depends on a number of factors, including the availability of qualified Nigerians, the level of economic development, and the political will to implement the policy effectively.

In addition to the economic and political factors, the Nigerianization policy also has social and cultural implications. The policy has led to a greater awareness of Nigerian culture and identity, and it has helped to promote national unity. However, it has also created some tensions between Nigerians and foreigners.

The Nigerianization policy is a complex issue with no easy answers. It is a policy that is still evolving, and its success will depend on a number of factors. However, it is a policy that is important to the future of Nigeria, and it is a policy that is worth continuing to debate and discuss.

The Nigerianization process faced notable challenges. A significant hurdle was managing the country’s diverse ethnic and cultural landscape, with numerous ethnic groups having their own traditions and interests. Balancing these interests for equal representation was complex and often led to tension.

Furthermore, the allocation of resources and distribution of revenue posed another challenge. The discovery of oil wealth in the 1950s accentuated economic disparities and regional imbalances. Struggling to find a fair balance among regions led to political instability and, ultimately, the Nigerian Civil War in the late 1960s.

Nigerianization faces another challenge in addressing economic disparities and providing equal opportunities to all citizens. Despite its vast natural resources, Nigeria hasn’t effectively used them for the benefit of everyone. Oil, a major resource, has mainly benefited a few individuals and the federal government, leaving most Nigerians in poverty. This has caused frustration and disillusionment among citizens who believe the country’s resources should be used to uplift everyone.

Political marginalization is also a concern. Nigeria’s federal republic comprises 36 states, each with its government. However, the federal government holds significant power, leading some regions to feel left out. Suggestions to restructure the country for more equal representation have been met with resistance.

Potential solutions to these challenges include fostering national pride beyond ethnic lines. Celebrating Nigerian history, culture, and achievements can unify the nation, as demonstrated by events like Independence Day on October 1st.

Another solution involves tackling economic disparities. This can be achieved by diversifying the economy, investing in infrastructure, and promoting entrepreneurship and innovation. Additionally, creating safety nets and ensuring access to education and healthcare can uplift vulnerable groups.

In short, addressing economic disparities and political marginalization are key challenges to Nigerianization. Solutions involve uniting the nation through shared pride and boosting economic growth to benefit all citizens.

In conclusion, the Nigerianization of Nigeria was a multifaceted process involving the transition from colonial rule to self-governance. It encompassed efforts to empower indigenous Nigerians, gradually replacing British administrators with local leaders, and striving for political independence. This journey was not without difficulties, particularly in managing ethnic diversity and resource distribution. Nonetheless, Nigeria’s achievement of independence in 1960 stands as a testament to the resilience and determination of the Nigerian people to shape their own destiny.

The information contained herein is derived from data obtained from sources believed by the author to be reliable and in good faith, but no guarantees are made regarding the accuracy, completeness, or suitability of the content, and the post may be updated from time to time without notice.

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Entries Open For 2023 Bishop Mike Okonkwo National Essay Competition

Entries for the 18th Mike Okonkwo National Essay Competition for all secondary school students in Nigeria is now open from March 20th to June 2nd, 2023.

The topic for this year’s competition is: “Nigerianization Of Nigerians: A Look Inward”.

For participation in the 18th Mike Okonkwo National Essay Competition for Secondary School students, the entry requirements include an essay of a maximum of 2000 words and a passport photograph of the student. Full essays should be submitted in word format through email to: [email protected].

For the 2023 competition, the star winner will go home with Five Hundred Thousand Naira (N500,000.00) cash price, a trophy, and a plaque while the school gets a desktop computer.

The first runner-up gets a cash prize of N250,000.00 with a plaque while the school gets a desktop computer. The second runner-up gets an N100,000.00 cash prize and a plaque while the school gets a desktop computer.

The competition is one of Dr. Mike Okonkwo’s Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) activities aimed at raising the standard in the educational sector in the country and at the same time sensitizing the students by making them analytically minded so as to excel in their world by developing their ability to think through issues.

Also, as part of the activities lined up to mark the 78th Birthday of Dr. Mike Okonkwo, The Presiding Bishop of The Redeemed Evangelical Mission (TREM).

Over the years the competition has been very successful in reshaping the thought pattern of the students to develop problem-solving skills.The Mike Okonkwo National Essay Competition spans over a decade of developing and rewarding the writing skills of Nigerian youths towards national development.

The prizes for this year’s competition will be presented to the winners at the 22nd Mike Okonkwo Annual Lecture, which has been scheduled for Thursday, September 7th, 2023 at the Muson Centre (Shell Hall).

Dr. Mike Okonkwo is the Presiding Bishop of The Redeemed Evangelical Mission (TREM) a.k.a. Power in the Word with over 200 branches in Nigeria and across the globe.

He is an Apostle to this generation, whose life has impacted millions around the world. A father to many, and a pastor to pastors across the globe, Dr Mike Okonkwo is also a dynamic conference speaker, crusade evangelist, a national spokesman for Nigeria, and an advocate of balanced Christianity.

As the host of ‘Power in the Word’ a life-transforming television broadcast series, Dr. Okonkwo’s Holy Spirit-inspired insight into the Word of God is remarkably outstanding and empowers people in Nigeria and across the globe.

He is also the host of ‘Power for the Wise’ a daily devotional programme on the radio that is transforming lives daily.

Dr. Mike Okonkwo holds several doctorate degrees and honorary awards. He is the Convener of the Communion of Covenant Ministers International (CCMI) a gathering of Pastors designed for Fellowship, Spiritual Covering, Mentoring, Strengthening, and Networking, through conferences, seminars and other interactive sessions.

He is a member of the National Advisory Council (NAC) of the Pentecostal Fellowship of Nigeria. He is a man driven by the passion to show the love of God to humanity in every way the Lord enables him.

This passion gave birth to the Empowerment for the Less Privileged Foundation, a non-governmental organisation committed to alleviating the plight of the less privileged in society through donations to hospitals, the establishment of free vocational training centers, running free preparatory schools for students in secondary schools, and facilitating regular public enlightenment campaigns on health issues amongst others.

He also pioneers a scholarship fund for talented students. His strong faith and confidence in women and the potential in women gave him a place on the board of Trustees of the Women of Global Impact (WGI) a non-governmental organization putting smiles on the faces of women by providing Shelter to the homeless and also organizing free medical fair for both men and women across the nation amongst other things.

Apata Oyeniran is a Correspondent at Independent Newspapers Limited. He is professional and management scientist. He has found himself writing on education, tourism/hospitality and business. He is committed, makes people and responsibilities less burdensome.

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2023 entries for Bishop Mike Okonkwo national essay competition open

Entries for the 18th Mike Okonkwo National Essay Competition for secondary school students in Nigeria have opened. The closing date is June 2. The topic for this year’s competition is ‘Nigerianisation of Nigerians: A look inwards.’

Entry requirements include, an essay of maximum of 2000 words, a passport photograph of the student, full name, address, contact telephone number, class, school as well as name and telephone contact of the principal. All essays should be submitted in word format through email to [email protected].

In a statement by the Corporate Services Director, Oluwayomi Uteh, the star winner would go home with N500, 000 cash, trophy and plaque, while the school gets a desktop computer. The first runner-up gets a cash prize of N250, 000 with a plaque, and the school will equally get a desktop computer. The second runner-up gets an N100, 000 cash prize and a plaque, while the school gets a desktop computer.

The competition is one of Okonkwo’s corporate social responsibility (CSR) activities aimed at raising the nation’s education standard and also sensitising students by making them analytically minded to excel in their world by developing their ability to think through issues.

It is also part of activities lined up to mark the 78th birthday of Okonkwo, who is the Presiding Bishop of The Redeemed Evangelical Mission (TREM). Over the years, the competition has helped in shaping the thought pattern of students to develop problem-solving skills.

The competition spans over a decade of developing and rewarding the writing skills of Nigerian youths towards national development. Prizes for this year’s competition will be presented to winners at the 22nd Mike Okonkwo yearly lecture, scheduled for September 7 at the Music Society of Nigeria (MUSON) Centre, Onikan, Lagos.

Okonkwo’s desire to show the love of God to humanity gave birth to the foundation, a non-governmental organisation committed to alleviating the plight of the less privileged in society through donations to hospitals, establishment of free vocational training centres, running free preparatory schools for students in secondary schools and facilitating regular public enlightenment campaigns on health issues amongst others.

To contribute his quota to national development, he also started the Mike Okonkwo Annual Lecture in 2000, which has grown to become a major contributor to government policies as it brings together seasoned men and women to discuss burning national issues.

Also, to encourage the writing skills of children in secondary schools and help them become solution providers to the nation, the Mike Okonkwo Essay Competition was born.

In this article

• Mike Okonkwo

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What does it mean to be Nigerian?

With the challenges of living in Nigeria, it becomes difficult for citizens to feel a sense of national identity.

It is probably easier for a child to fly a spacecraft to the moon than for any Nigerian to define what a “Nigerian identity” is.

This is something citizens of Nigeria have been grappling with since the West African country gained independence in 1960.

This is partly historical, and partly a result of continuous skewed governance structures and unaccountable governments.

Pre-1960 Nigeria was a forced entity created by British colonialists and made up of strong, pre-colonial, independent nation states.  After independence, there has not been a conscious effort to build a society based on fairness, equity and justice.

The new post-colonial beneficiaries of a defective system simply carried on.  And in the end, what we have today is a nation state and a national identity that mean different things to the more than 300 ethnic nationalities, which are the building blocks of what is today referred to as Nigeria.

Nigerians in a self-help world

It is challenging for individuals to identify with a nonexistent or poorly functioning state.  Citizens over the years have had to create “mini-states”, with their own “governments” in their communities.

Nigerians had to produce their own electricity through generators, construct boreholes to access water, and set up vigilante groups for security.

Nigerians are now breaking old suspicions, barriers, prejudices and biases about the 'other', and are seeing themselves as having a common destiny, despite ethnic and religious differences. by  

With the collapse of public education, citizens are more or less ministers of education, who have to rely on private education.

Healthcare is inaccessible, even for those who have some resources, leaving the majority of Nigerians to turn to local herbalists for remedies.

With the challenges of living in Nigeria, it becomes difficult for citizens with no access to the state services to feel a sense of “Nigerianess”.

There is no sense of shared, common resources that are beneficial and to be defended, and which are accessible to everyone without discrimination.

What evolved in Nigeria is a situation where a sense of belonging and having a “Nigerian identity” is dependent on a compensatory relationship – those who benefit from the system feel more Nigerian, and the other way round for those who benefit less.

Those who feel more Nigerian and proclaim loudly their “Nigerian identity” and take pride in being Nigerian are likely to be those benefitting, or have benefitted, from corruption, mismanagement, and social and gender inequalities.

And they probably do not constitute more than one percent of the population.

This group includes the very successful civil servants and political office holders who might own several properties, are able to send their children to the best schools and access the best healthcare facilities outside of Nigeria.

Dire living conditions

Around 70 percent of Nigerians earn under $1 a day.

To be at the forefront of proclaiming how “great Nigeria is” and the need for Nigerians to come together is some sort of forced nationalism.

State officials often deliberately confuse the criticism Nigerians level against the government for failing to provide a better standard of living as simply a poor sense of Nigerian identity.

Exploitative colonisation and failure of subsequent governments have led most Nigerians to resort to their primordial and ethnic identities and group affiliations at the expense of a national identity.

This has led to a cynical population of deprived Nigerians trying to eke out a daily living while facing the challenges of day-to-day survival.  As a result, they do not bother with what a Nigerian identity means.

Of course, there are exceptional instances: Being a Nigerian is often associated with the national football team – the Super Eagles – when they want passports and are targeted negatively by other countries.

Unfortunately, the situation has also given way to a generation of poor communities who constantly look for scapegoats among their classes, and who hold their own ethnic or religious groups responsible for their social status or their suffering.  This has led to the ongoing religious, tribal and ethnic conflicts in Nigeria.

The wind of change

The upside is that Nigeria has built an army of illustrious and industrious people, who can be potentially proud, with enough individual resourcefulness if only the social issues of corruption, poverty and the structure of Nigerian state, good governance, and strong viable institutions are genuinely addressed.

A new generation of Nigerians is emerging – helped by the social media and leading to more openness and interaction among themselves.

The voices of those who have been oppressed and want a better Nigeria are now being heard through social media and are getting louder – l ouder than those of the minority voices who have held Nigeria in a comatose state and who continue to benefit from the dysfunctional state.

Nigerians are now breaking old suspicions, barriers, prejudices and biases about the “other” and are seeing themselves as having a common destiny, despite ethnic and religious differences.

Governments are being held more accountable than before, budgets are being scrutinised, politicians and those who hold public office are being interrogated, and their past misdeeds are being exposed to render them ineligible for government positions.

Ordinary citizens are defining the political narrative and taking power away from powerful people who own traditional media.

With a renewed clamour for issues, such as gender equality, equitable distribution of wealth, responsible citizenship, the need for good governance is becoming more prominent with young Nigerians.

The wind of change is slow, but it is happening and is soothing to well-meaning Nigerians.

Despite the threat of Boko Haram, organised kidnappings, general state of insecurity across the country, and a deteriorating economy, Nigerians are now more determined to make change possible through nonviolent means.

The power of the ballot box to make a change is still seen as much more effective than the power of AK-47s.

This was represented by the powerful images of women displaced from their homes in the northeast, patiently waiting in queues for hours to vote during the last elections.

Nigerians are steadily beginning to change governments they do not like, voicing more criticism of governments they supported to get into office, and holding fellow citizens accountable for their actions and inactions, leading to the negative perception of Nigerians from the outside.

It is in this new generation of Nigerians where the possibility of a Nigerian identity lies.

However, this is still dependent on the core question about the Nigerian state.

As Nigerians, we should resolve the issues of resource control fairly and equitably.

We, the Nigerian people, deserve transparent electoral processes, open governments, free and responsible press, strong and independent institutions, and we should uphold the true values of separation of powers and federalism.

In Al Jazeera’s My Nigeria series, Nigerians invite us to see their Nigeria, sharing their stories, lives, work and communities in their own words, and offering a glimpse into Africa’s number one economic powerhouse.  

Kayode Ogundamisi  is a commentator on Nigerian and international affairs. He was involved in the Nigerian pro-democracy struggle.

The views expressed in this article are the author’s own and do not necessarily reflect Al Jazeera’s editorial policy.

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Silver A-Plus Card: Marketing Precision

Executive Summary Consumers love a bargain no matter their market demographic and some consumers continue to patronize the same types of stores for their purchasing needs. With the holiday season closing in, Bank of America is releasing its new Silver A-Plus card in an attempt to capitalize on the increased...

Socio-Cultural Aspects of Chinese Architecture

Introduction The importance of ancient architecture cannot be neglected or misunderstood because it tells a lot about people, their history, and the choices made and approved during the centuries. China is the nation with a long 4,000-year-old documented history with a number of ancient architectural activities (Fu, 2014). During these...

The Benefits of a Dedicated High Speed

Introduction Definition, Transport refers to the movement of goods and services from one place to another; railway transport involves the movement of goods, people, and services from one place to another. Railway refers to a laid down track that guides the wheels of a train to ensure it does not...

• Communication
• Advertising

Americanization Is Not a Synonym for Globalization

Introduction Due to being one of the most formidable countries in various dimensions, the USA is frequently regarded as having had a great impact on the development of the world’s culture. In fact, there persists an opinion that cultural globalization is nothing else than Americanization of the world’s cultures. Quite...

Osteopathic Manipulative Treatment in Patients With Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease

Introduction Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a concerning chronic disorder of the digestive system with worldwide prevalence and a tendency to affect a growing population. Although GERD rates vary among different countries, it is currently one of the most common health conditions within the clinical practice (Diniz et al., 2014)....

Agile-Scrum in Healthcare Project Management

Sindhwani, R., Singh, P. L., Prajapati, D. K., Iqbal, A., Phanden, R. K., & Malhotra, V. (2019). Agile system in Health Care: Literature Review. Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering, 643–652. The article is written by Rahul Sindhwani, Punj Lata Singh, Devendra Kumar Prajapati, Aamir Iqbal, Rakesh Kuamr Phanden, & Vasdev...

Global and Cosmopolitan Education System

The general issue of citizenship has been contested over a long period. Some people argue for cosmopolitan citizenship, while others support national citizenship. However, due to increasing globalization, the issue of education for globalization has been emerging as more countries seek to produce globally eligible students. This study will evaluate...

Abuse and Neglect in Media

The media today pays a lot of attention to issues that are related to child abuse and neglect. This is because incidences of child abuse and neglect have been on the rise in recent years. This role of the media has been effective in notifying the public of the various...

Organizational Culture: Essay Sample for Free

Organizational Culture: Essay Introduction An organisation’s culture plays an integral role in influencing its success. Particularly, the corporate culture entails the values and behaviours that account for the uniqueness of the organisation’s psychological and social environment. The culture is founded on an array of shared features, including the rules, beliefs,...

Immanuel Kant, David Hume, Friedrich Hegel: Political Discourse

Introduction This paper traces the advancement of political thought via a study of some key writers of political discourse such as Immanuel Kant, David Hume, and Friedrich Hegel. Emanuel Kant was a German philosopher, and he was well known for his enormous contribution towards shaping the modern philosophy. Hume was...

Communicable Diseases: Influenza Analysis Through the Lenses of Determinants of Health and the Epidemiological Triangle

Introduction The influenza virus, also colloquially known as “the flu,” is one of the most widespread diseases in the world. It is comprised out of several strains that share similarities based on their structure, biology, and effects on humans but differing in responsiveness to treatments and other factors (Wang &...

Talyllyn Railway Company’s Supply Chain Management

The Problem The Talyllyn Railway in Wales is an example of a once-successful tourist-oriented enterprise that contends with the challenge of the modern and more competitive tourist market. As the tourism industry grows, people are drawn to resorts and fun places that offer a novel experience and pleasure such that...

Graffiti, its Significance and Drawbacks

Introduction Graffiti is a type of modern art that is considered for different purposes by different people. Some people use this as a tool for expressing their feelings and expression related to the society and to the life; others prefer it as a way to express their disagreement or agreement...

• Performance
• Relationship

Understanding Brain and Learning Conncetions

Introduction The brain is one of the most complicated and multifunctional organs in the human body. Medical specialists, psychologists, and neuroscientists have always been paying special attention to its abilities and role in the organism. One of the main functions of the brain is connected with the process of learning....

The Impact of Greek Philosophers on Current Life

Many scientists agree that Ancient Greece is the cradle of European civilization. Its philosophers, scientists, and poets greatly contributed to the development of Greek culture. Modern philosophical thought would be impossible without the works of Aristotle, Plato, and numerous philosophical schools. Dramatic art would have been different if, at one...

Global Issues, Advocacy & Caregiving for Patients in India

Introduction States may be subjected to a common issue. However, they may have different ways of dealing with the issue. Most of the issues that affect states relate to their economic and social status. One of the tragedies that have affected the world is the HIV/AIDS pandemic. HIV/AIDS is a...

Servant Leadership in the Church and Its Purpose

Introduction Leadership is a quality that people can be endowed with if they can manage other groups for development. In addition, leadership qualities are formed over a long period, thus becoming the result of a person’s experience. Among leadership types, there is Servant Leadership, the essence of which is the...

Coca-Cola’s and Samsung ‘s Home and Host Marketing

Introduction Over the recent past, several companies have been devising strategies that facilitate penetration of international and domestic markets. The need to penetrate international and domestic markets emanates from the advancement in technologies that have led to the globalisation of markets and change in consumer behaviour. To succeed in international...

W. E. B. DuBois’ Power of Good Communication Skill

Throughout his books and other writings, William Edward Burghardt (W.E.B.) DuBois focuses on presenting well-written, fair-handed arguments for the fair treatment of African-Americans in this country. Acknowledging the accomplishments of white leaders with sincere language and forthright structure, he also denounces them for their failure to see the logistical error...

Truths and Myths About Alzheimer’s Disease

Introduction Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is considered the most general form of dementia, occurring mainly among older people. Dementia is a brain disorder, which affects a person’s capability to carry out simple everyday tasks. Alzheimer’s affects those parts of our brain which control our thoughts, language and memory. It causes nerve...

Analysis of Advantages and Disadvantages of Abortion

Introduction Abortion remains one of the most controversial topics in the world. Many people believe that it is wrong and consider it to be murder, where a significant number support it but for specific reasons. Abortion provides one of the unending and disturbing American moral and legal struggles. The topic...

Discusses of the Role of Gender in the Employment

The Role of Gender in the Employment, Career Perception and Research Performance of Recent PhD Graduates from Dutch Universities Abstract Recent decades have seen a sharp increase in the number of female PhD graduates in the Netherlands. Currently, the share of females among newly graduated PhDs is almost on par...

Research Methods: Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches

The use of either qualitative or quantitative methodology in a study constitutes several research determinants. The present exploration is used to explain the concept behind the two articles by Le et al. (2018) and Kuo, Hiler and Lutz (2017), but not to position one item as superior to the other....

• Accountancy
• Corporation
• Criminal Justice

Risk, Return, and Capital Asset Pricing Model

Introduction The present report was commissioned by the CEO of SysConsult International. The purpose of the report is to analyse the possibility of investment in Logical IT and Safeworth Grocery. The analysis assumes that a one-year Treasury note will have a rate of return of 5% over the next year,...

Criticism of the Netflix Series “The Squid Game”

As is often the case, literary works, or any other form of “text” with broad appeal cannot be evaluated from only one perspective. There are a considerable number of people living on the planet, and each of them has its own cultural and ethnic background. The presence and quality of...

Who Is to Blame for the Tragedy of Othello by Shakespeare

The Tragedy of Othello, The Moor of Venice is a sexual jealousy tragedy that pioneers the investigation of racial discrimination. Shakespeare’s play, which the great playwright wrote in 1603, presents the image of Othello, a general of African descent. The main idea of the conflict lies in the fact that,...

Early Childhood Education: The Role of Leader

Properly organized child care and education before school is the key to developing his thinking, memory, attention, imagination, speech, and physical health. Educational leadership is constantly being developed and maintained in the culture of the ECE environment (Davitt & Ryder, 2018). Without these basic qualities, it will not be possible...

Coca-Cola Company Competitive Position

Executive Summary The main objective of this report is to evaluate the competitive position of Coca-Cola. The models used for analysis include the Porter’s Five Forces, PEST analysis, and SWOT. The company experiences moderate pressure from the potential entrants because of the low switching costs. Although there are many substitute...

Revolutionary Communism vs. Democratic Socialism

Revolutionary communism and democratic socialism are examples of political ideologies that were byproducts of Marxism. Viewed from a certain perspective, the said political ideologies are similar in terms of their shared disdain for capitalism. Adherents of revolutionary communism and democratic socialism are moving towards the same goal. They want to...

British Social Enterprises’ Success and Challenges

Introduction In the contemporary world, people always venture into different businesses to earn a living by making profits. Sometimes they start large social enterprises, which are expected to generate income for them. As Konda, Starc, and Rodica (2015) observe, although the majority of them give up when they face hardships,...

Social Security for the Elderly in the United States

Introduction In the United States, the social security program is an initiative of the government that is intended to assist retirees. As such, it comprehensively covers virtually all the workers; however a majority of the federal employees, as well as those who have been employed by either the local or...

Operations Management Research

Introduction Technological progress brought many changes to the way humans lived and, in particular, how they produced goods. The old ways of homesteading and self-sufficiency gave way to massive economies of scale. There was no other way, as the population soared and concentrated around economic and industrial hubs. Investigating what...

Actions Following an Anonymous Call Alleging an Imminent Bomb Explosion

Introduction Nothing is as confusing as telephone calls that warn people of imminent destruction from explosions and other forms of attacks. This is because there is the likelihood that the person would be playing with the organization or the individuals concerned. It is also possible that there is the alleged...

• Business Planning
• Christianity
• Globalization

Due Process Law in Australia

Introduction Conservative and liberal views have always competed for dominance for as long as democracy has been in existence. While conservatives assumed a strict approach to certain social issues, liberals were more flexible and allowed for fairness and consideration of each individual’s perception of an issue. It was from this...

The Battle for Atlanta in American Civil War

The Preamble On September 2, 1864, Atlanta, also known as the gate to the South, fell. This day has become one of the significant turning points in the history of the Civil War and the predecessor of the shortly after Federal military campaign in the Georgia state. Both sides of...

Design and Health Promotion Program for Someone to Quit Smoking

Background Smoking is one of the main targets of health promotion programs since it damages body organs (Tait et al. 2006) leading to many deaths and health complications (Miller et al. 2005). However, persuading a person to quit smoking can be quite a challenge (Drevonhorn et al. 2007) due to...

Abolishing Out of Pocket Healthcare Insurance

Introduction Out-of-pocket healthcare refers to a mode of healthcare payment that entails using one’s own money to purchase health services; there is no support from insurance companies. US healthcare is costly and complicated and is paid for through premiums. The policy brief aims to bring to the government and the...

Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Criminal Justice System

Effect of Historical Events on Criminal Justice System The United States of America has a long history of racial and ethnic minorities being discriminated against by the ruling majority. Genocide of the Indigenous tribes, enslavement of African Americans, fugitive slave laws, Jim Crow laws, and the War on Drugs, among...

Four Seasons: Multicultural Team’s Challenges

Introduction The high competition in the global market has forced most companies to invent different coping mechanisms. Failure to counter completion can push an organisation out of local and international market. Currently, most organisations focus on improving the quality of their products and implementing advanced technology to ensure operational efficiency....

Integrated Marketing Communication and Promotion

Introduction Marketing is a fundamental element that is incorporated as a means of communication between customers and an organisation. The objective of advertisement is to manipulate changes in the behavioural characteristics exhibited by clients. Vital promotion campaigns allow institutions to establish processes through efficient communication that is skewed towards attaining...

Burberry Corporation: Job Opportunities and Increasing Income

Executive Summary Burberry is a multinational corporation that specializes in the production of apparel, accessories, and cosmetics. The company is famous for the manufacture and distribution of trench coats. Burberry has outlets in the United States, Asia, Europe, Australia, and Africa. It runs a promotional campaign dubbed “Burberry Bespoke”, which...

Nissan Motor Company’s Business Environment

Introduction Major changes in the global business environment have led to the decline of major players in many industry segments. The automotive industry, for instance, is experiencing a major disruption associated with the increase in demand for electric vehicles (E.V.s) and the entry of new participants, such as Tesla Inc....

Fanon Frantz on Revolution Leaders and Masses

Introduction Revolutions are an integral aspect of political evolution in the society. The success or failure of such a movement is dependent on the conduct and capabilities of the leaders and the masses.1 To this end, it is important to analyze the roles of these two parties with respect to...

• Agile Project Management

The Impact of Globalization on Labor Market and Trade

Abstract Globalization refers to the coming together of the international markets. It contributes to the forming of trade blocks. Globalization has opened the international market to developing states and countries that can now trade freely. On the other hand, it poses a significant threat to the growth of local industries,...

Gun Control Issues and Solution in the US

Sandy Hook, Las Vegas, Columbine, and Virginia Tech are some of the cities that have witnessed mass shootings attributed to poor gun control measures. Every time an incidence of mass shooting arises, Americans take different positions regarding gun ownership (Fox & DeLateur, 2014). Some citizens demand the enactment of stringent...

Disaster and People Behavior Changes

Disasters have continuously occurred In the world causing adverse effects not only to the physical environment and the people affected physically by that disaster but also to the future generations of the place. These disasters, whether man-induced or natural have to lead to changes in the ecosystem. The Tsunami, the...

Leisure in Victoria Britain

Growth of Popular Leisure Activities during the Period 1860-1910 Leisure may be viewed as an important aspect of human life as it gives an individual the privilege of relaxing after putting a lot of effort and time into work. In simple terms, leisure may be described as the spare time...

Social Trinity: Interpreting Christian Doctrine

Social Trinity is an interpretation with regard to the Christian doctrine on trinity. The main and central idea lies in the fact that this concept of trinity comprises of three persons whose relationship constitutes its very nature. Over the last three decades, there have been increased outpouring of the writings...

Movies Based on J. Austen’s Books Review

Introduction Both movies Sense and Sensibility and Pride and Prejudice by Jane Austen are adaptations of the author’s novels. The films aim to describe the history of England, where women possessed numerous issues of oppression and inequality. The movies also illustrate how greed and financial gains shape cultural norms and...

Identity and Social Hatred. Diversity and Identity

A person’s sense of identity plays an essential purpose in establishing one’s role in society. It always goes in conjunction with the degree of cultural diversity, which cannot be fully appreciated without valuing an individual’s identity. However, these terms can be opposed by various forms of social injustice, such as...

The Role of Diet and Exercising in Healthy Aging

Introduction Aging is an issue that has attracted several researchers in the past, who have defined it differently. Da Costa et al. (2016) described aging as breaking down a self-organized system, causing a reduced ability to adjust to the environment. Lemoine (2020) considered it as a progressive accumulation of changes...

Fintech Startup Curve Analysis

Curve is a UK-based startup that aims at changing the way people deal with their card payments. The purpose of this startup is to reduce the number of credit and debit cards in a wallet to just one. The idea and its realization appeared to be innovative and, combined with...

Best Practices in Addiction Treatment

How an Understanding of Trauma Informs the Development of the Interventions Most soldiers suffer from Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) due to the exposure to traumatic incidences during the course of dispensing their mandate. Studies have established a great connection between PTSD and addiction. This assertion holds because most soldiers...

• Comparative Literature

Financial and Management Accounting

Financial ratios Group one The first group contains the returns on capital employed. It is a fundamental ratio that is used to assess the financial health of an institution. Return on capital employed is obtained by dividing operating profit and capital employed. It is a suitable measure of the profitability...

Issues with Modern Technology in Airport Security

The threats of terrorism, drug trafficking and violence are forcing governments and businesses to tighten control and security measures in crowded places. Even at concerts or in schools, one can see metal detectors that check visitors to find dangerous items for society. Airports and planes are areas of increased risk,...

Communicable Diseases: The Epidemiological Potential of HIV

Introduction The problem of HIV as a severe communicable disease that significantly affects the population of the United States could hardly be overlooked. As it is stated on the HIV.gov website, an estimated 1 million people in the country are currently infected with HIV. Also, one out of every seven...

Bank of Credit and Commerce International Case

Introduction When the branch offices of the Bank of Credit and Commerce International (BCCI) in seven countries were raided and taken control of by the law enforcing agencies in the respective countries in early July 1991 one of the major bank scams involving billions of dollars was brought to light....

Infant Baptism in the First Five Centuries

Introduction Infant baptism refers to the practice of baptizing children few days after they are born. The question of necessity and purpose of baptizing infants has been of interest to theologians since the first century. Theologians have been keen to show justification for infant baptism while others especially in evangelical...

Church History: Egeria and the Crusades

Introduction The starting point of the present research should be the justification of the actuality and necessity of it. It is evident that in the study of historical events the primary role is always played by the study and analysis of the primary sources (documents, letters, etc.) as they the...

Supply Chain Management: Office Products Company

Introduction “The global credit and economic crunch has put more pressure on strategic supply chain management Blanchard” (2007 p.48) and (Rousel, & Cohen, 2005 p.123). In this regards, Supply chain managers and practitioners should ensure all suppliers come out of the downturn and are able to help them capitalize on...

CYC Sales and Business Strategy

Executive Summary Charge-Your-Car (CYC) innovative charging devices disrupt the market and promise a competitive advantage for the start-up. Nonetheless, the need for rapid revenue margin growth encourages the company to focus on the less traditional market of electric vehicle consumers. The core strategic proposal is to supply the rural regions...

Continuous Professional Development in Contemporary Nursing Practice

Introduction This essay focuses on such a concept as Continuous Professional Development and its importance for contemporary nursing practice. It should be noted that the modern world is marked by technological innovations, which have served to improve the form of care provided. In addition, treatment procedures are constantly being improved...

Wealth, Poverty, and Systems of Economic Class

Introduction In economics, poverty, wealth, and society’s economic stratification are interrelated concepts linked to racial, gender, and regional inequalities. Disparities in income and wealth distribution contribute to societal stratification and the emergence of social classes. In a capitalist economy such as the United States, the conflict arising from competition for...

• Cybersecurity
• Discrimination

Societal and Gender Construction Affecting Incidents of Domestic Violence

Introduction The recent surge in incidences of domestic violence has continued to baffle policymakers and scholars alike. However, some theories have been advanced by scholars to attempt to explain this latest scenario. A feminist perspective, however, offers a bottomless understanding of domestic violence by examining how social and gender constructions...

Consumers’ Buying Behavior and Social Media

Introduction Individuals contribute item reviews, information about a service, food or wellness advice, admonitions regarding things, instructions on how to use certain items, and more aspects as customers. The purpose of this work is to investigate the impact of social networks on the decision-making activities of customers. The use of...

Organizational Behavior in the “Up in the Air” Film

Welcome to our Up in the Air organizational behavior sample analysis. Learn more about management, negotiation, and ethical issues in the movie. Get some ideas on how to write your organizational behavior movie analysis! Organizational Behavior Movie Analysis Introduction There are a lot of books and movies showing the stories...

Professional Performance Characteristics and Workplace Effectiveness

The effects of personality and emotion on individual behavior and performance at work Nowadays, it becomes increasingly clear to many managers that, unlike what it happened to be the case with non-human mechanistic systems, the dynamics within human systems (e.g. collectives of employees) do not solely concern the qualitative specifications...

The Boeing Company’s Stakeholder Analysis

Introduction In the wake of concern for citizens’ safety and security, the recent accidents that occurred to Boeing planes, particularly, the 737 model, put the company in an extraordinarily difficult position. Boeing owes a tremendous amount of responsibility to its key stakeholders, passengers’ safety being the key area of the...

“The White Book” Novel by Han Kang

The White Book is a novel written in 2016 by a South Korean writer, Han Kang. The unique and unconventional way of narration that is usually used by the author ensures the popularity of her books that are recognizable in different parts of the world (Hartanto 265). In 2018, the...

Avast Software: Company Analysis

Executive Summary Avast Software is a globally recognized multinational company and leader in the area of providing cybersecurity solutions for individual customers and businesses. The company, which serves users in Europe, the Americas, Asia, and Africa, has been demonstrating stable financial growth. As the leader among its competitors, Avast is...

Toyota Company’s Total Quality Management

Introduction In the industry of auto manufacturing, Toyota is considered as one of the most admired and highly emulated. In Asia, Toyota ranks as the biggest car manufacturer. The cars that Toyota produced have encompassed almost all the regions in the world. Toyota has successfully competed with car companies in...

United States Embargo Against Cuba

Introduction The United States of America has been in the past put several sanctions and embargoes against several countries, particularly those nations that it believes are sponsoring terrorism. Such embargoes are mainly liked to effecting restrictions on finances and economic assistances. Countries that have suffered this fate include Sudan, North...

Homeless War Veterans in America

Introduction Many of the citizens of this great country have served this country in times of war. However, the kind of treatment they get afterwards is worrying as many of them suffer in the hands of hopelessness for them to look for better places to stay. This situation has caused...

Chris Anderson: Digitization of Music

In an influential article titled The Long Tail that was published in 2004, Chris Anderson asserts that we should forget about making about making a few mega hits in the charts. He claims that the future of entertainment lies in the niche markets that are not captured by the much...

The Copyright Act of 1968 Overview and Analysis

Introduction Work of art, music, writing, film making, symbols, names and slogans among many others categories all have a creator behind them (Giannakas 82); for this reason, individual’s creative expressions and innovations are very valuable and therefore there is need to protect this kind of work in order to prevent...

Remote Work Impact Immigrant’s Chances of Working for the US

Introduction Remote working is the new trend amongst large businesses operating at a global level. Remote working allows professionals to conveniently work outside the normal office environment. Employees can work from wherever they are and at their most convenient time of the day. In the United States, more companies and...

Benefits of Cloud Computing for Businesses

Introduction Cloud computing is an emerging concept that is recently creating a buzz across industries. Many companies today have deployed cloud computing due to the benefits it offers. According to Scott (2021), some of the world’s leading employers in such industries as power, including ENEL SpA and Siemens, have all...

“All Quiet on the Western Front” by Erich Maria Remarque

Introduction “All Quiet on the Western Front” is an opposition book set throughout World Conflict I that draws on Remarque’s own experiences in the war to portray the era’s more considerable disenchantment. William Pfeiler is a critique who thinks that this novel is a world sensation (Pfeiler). The book is...

Digital Technologies: Use, Benefits, Implications, and Future

The Use of Digital Technologies Digital technologies have given room for meaningful interaction between users from various backgrounds, leading to a resolute social existence. The greatest output of this existence is seen in massive generation of information which offers users desirable service. However, one of the dangers of such information...

Walt Disney Company: Change Management

Company Background The Walt Disney Company is known around the world for its unique projects, which are loved by children all over the world. Everyone of any age has heard of this company, as well as the name of its creator. No wonder, because the firm Walt Disney has existed...

Management: Teamwork Issues Resolution

Introduction Team development is the process of upgrading the skills of the team members, improving the interaction between them, and enhancing the overall working conditions of the team to increase the effectiveness of their work. Thus, team leaders must be able to identify, shape, support, motivate, lead, and inspire their...

The CareCo Ltd Company’s Annotated Meeting

Interview Managing Director: Hello members, welcome to our 20th CareCo Ltd Directors meeting. Thank you, all directors, for the ambitious efforts to make this organization match the level it has reached today. As we all know, CareCo Ltd is an organization that provides personal care and in-home support to aged...

Technologies Importance in Nursing Documentation

Introduction Prior to technology adoption, nurses would pass down information to each other verbally. Most documentation was defensive; it focused on protected the nurse or care institution from litigation, slow and difficult to access. However, with the use of computerized systems to record nursing information, it is now possible for...

Epidemiological Features of Ebola

Introduction Dangerous communicable diseases have ceased to carry a big fear for both doctors and patients over the past few decades. The fact is that the developments of healthcare and progress in this sphere have caused quite strong protection of the population against possible severe ailments. However, even today, some...

Adidas Corporation’s Organizational Justice

Introduction Organisations are entities whose functionality depends on their constituents such as individual employees, departments, units and policies. There is a need to develop policies in a system that ensures harmony and a fair interaction of the constituents. The manner, in which the organisational resources are shared in the departments...

Managing Organizational Changes

Introduction Organizations should inherently adapt and change consistently to remain competitive and effective. In the modern economy, shaped by global factors and shareholder vision, organizations are often driven to change by environmental and external factors. These may vary, ranging from new technologies and practices to shifts in political and economic...

Hobbes’ State of Nature and Absolute Sovereignty

Introduction Thomas Hobbes’ discussion of the state of nature prompted responses from a multitude of other philosophers and scholars. The author’s principal argument is that, without governmental control, people would always remain in their natural state, which is “a condition of war of every one against every one” (Hobbes 1660,...

Sugar Processing: Term Definition

Introduction Sugarcane is a fleshy, tall perennial grass crop that grows fast infertile tropical soils (Sheridan, 2000). Physical and climatic factors such as temperature, soil, rainfall, and other factors largely affect its growth (Sheridan, 2000). The crop’s origin can be traced to South Asia and Southeast Asia, where it was...

E-Government and Its Challenges

Introduction E-Government is the usage of internet technology in the delivery of government services. It is not uncommon to come across tedious processes used by governments in the accomplishment of very simple tasks. The bureaucratic nature of government makes the whole undertaking a nightmare due to the long time taken...

Francis Scott Fitzgerald’s Jazz Age Perception in “The Great Gatsby”

Introduction Great works of literature remain in history for a variety of reasons. Some of them represent a particular era masterfully, leaving the reader with strong, vivid impressions. This objective is attained through accurate use of specific symbols, strengthening the work’s relation to a particular epoch, and contributing to its...

The Importance of Data Recovery Plan

Introduction The issue of information security and privacy is very critical in every establishment. However, important information may be lost through natural disasters and other processes. This can lead to significant inefficiencies in an organization. For example, loss of patients’ health records can have adverse impacts on them. For instance,...

Physical Activity, Sedentary Behavior, and Cause-Specific Mortality in Black and White Adults

Study Summary In the article titled, “Physical Activity, Sedentary Behavior, and Cause-Specific Mortality in Black and White Adults in the Southern Community Cohort Study,” Matthews et al. (2014) strived to understand the causality between physical activities and adult mortality among male adults from two ethnic groups (African-Americans and Whites). The...

Diverse Sexual Expression: Collection of Artifacts

Attitudes Toward Sex Positivity Several months ago, I attended a play party at the invitation of a friend of mine. The meeting aimed to popularize the idea of sex positivity and overcome complexes through entertaining conversations and quizzes. At this party, all those present were gifted with the same T-shirts...

Literary Theory: Perspectives and Approaches

The study of literary texts always involves the problem of multiple meanings because of interpretations. One need only think of any of the movies, books, or even songs whose familiarity was shared with a friend. In this case, even close friends, who usually have similar worldviews and interests, will see...

The Role of Social Seclusion and Economic Marginalization in Crime

Introduction High rates of crimes and violent activities are becoming a dire threat to the population worldwide. With rapid population growth and challenging economic times in society, criminologists have difficulty controlling crimes leading to extensive studies on the significant causes of crimes. Crime causative factors include social seclusion, economic marginalization,...

The US Film Industry’s History and Competitiveness

Introduction The US film industry has gained global recognition and dominance, with its films being watched all over the globe. With annual revenue of $5 billion, a 27% decline from the previous year, it shows that the US is a major player in this industry (Escandon, 2020). The US film...

The History of Basketball

It is interesting to know that a Canadian invented the game of basketball. Great games are supposed to originate in Europe, in exotic countries, or perhaps in the great cities of the United States of America. But no one will consider a Canadian as the originator for something that is...

Injustice in Shelley’s Frankenstein and Milton’s Paradise Lost

“Th’ infernal Serpent; he it was, whose guile Stird up with Envy and Revenge, deceiv’d 35 The Mother of Mankinde, what time his Pride Had cast him out from Heav’n” (Milton Lines: 34-37) The monster created by Mary Shelley in Frankenstein (henceforth mentioned as Frankenstein) and the character of Satan...

Dubai Television Matrix Company’s Business Plan

Executive Summary Dubai Television Matrix is an entertainment company that consists of a network of television services that provide online on-demand access to television content in Dubai, both domestic and foreign. Dubai Television Matrix is located in Dubai. The company was established in 2016. It currently aims to expand its...

Globalization’s Impact on Banks in Canada

Introduction In the face of the globalization forces, not even the Canadian banking industry has been spared. Thanks to the current trends in capital mobility, the banking system has heavily suffered at the hands of globalization. It is no doubt that the financial markets of today have a characteristic high...

Panic Disorder and Agoraphobia

Introduction Panic disorder is a chronic a psychiatric condition that can be treated. This condition is normally found in young adults, and it has been estimated that about sixty percent of patients who suffer from panic disorder also have agoraphobia. Agoraphobia often coincides with Panic Disorder. Agoraphobia is defined as...

Corporate Financial Analysis of Gap, Inc

Industry: Apparel Stores Gap, Inc. Date: 01/09/14 Ticker Symbol: GPS – NYSE Recommendation: Hold Current price: $46.15 Price Target: $46.03 Earnings per share Ratio 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 Earnings per share 1.58 1.88 1.56 2.33 2.74 Price/earnings ratio 14.8 12.3 10.7 15.2 14.0 Highlights The company reported an increase...

Pacifism and Nonviolence Approaches to War and Peace

Introduction Individuals, countries, and regions have different beliefs and ideologies, making conflicts inevitable. The way conflicting parties approach their differences plays a significant role in determining whether a skirmish will occur or not. There has been concern about the use of force or war to influence changes or accomplish desired...

Construction Project Management and Communication

Issues and Constraints Effective construction communication needs the engagement of all the stakeholders to design a plan for building a piece of property. As a project manager, I will communicate with the necessary stakeholders and develop a construction project for the client who purchased the property five years ago. I...

Criminal Behaviour as Result of Free Will

Even the ancient Greeks tried to find a logical explanation for why people commit crimes. In the theory of guilt, the question of free will emerged because the circumstances of the time demanded it; besides, the cleverest philosophers could not resolve the dispute. Within philosophy, there were two schools of...

Project Management of Ottawa Wheels

Introduction “Ottawa Wheels” organization is aimed to provide car owners with high-quality repair services. By using the latest innovations and mechanisms, professional workers of the company make customers satisfied and constantly receive positive feedback. The website has an easy interface that attracts new potential clients, and many people mention that...

Digital Society in Black Mirror’s Episode Nosedive

Introduction Charlie Brooker is the creator of one of the most successful British sci-fi television series Black Mirror. The show is highly acclaimed, yet controversy surrounds how it depicts the modern and potential realities of human societies in Western countries. Despite having specific differences, they are all dystopias that emerged...

Ethics of Computer Technology in the London Riots

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Nigerianization

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• Meaning of Nigerianization

Nigerianization ( English)

Origin & history.

• The process in which someone or something becomes Nigerian .

▾  Related words & phrases

• Nigerianize

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Nigerian politicians had increasingly demanded “ Nigerianization ” of the civil service: the employment of large numbers of Africans at higher levels. State-Directed Development: Political Power and... - Page 318 (Atul Kohli)

Nigerianization and nationalization were decoys for capital accumulation. Little wonder that three decades after it was first mooted, Nigerianization remains top on the agenda of the indigenous dominant classes. Extractive Economies and Conflicts in the Global South:... (Kenneth Omeje)

Also important was the issue of Nigerianization that tended to breed misunderstanding between the southern and northern legislators. The Foundations of Nigeria: Essays in Honor of Toyin Falola - Page 146 (Adebayo Oyebade)

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Beginning in 1945 the colonial government began the Nigerianization of the senior levels of the civil service. A History of Nigeria - Page 148 (Toyin Falola)

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