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Demystifying Graduate Degrees: Comparing Master’s vs. Doctorate

You want a graduate degree — to continue exploring your passions, make discoveries or advance your career — but how do you turn that decision into a plan?

It starts with understanding the difference between a master’s and a PhD in your field. They differ in length, intensity, curriculum and career paths, so you’ll also need a clear idea of why you want to pursue a graduate degree to determine which one you should get.

What Is a Master’s Degree?

If you’ve completed your undergraduate degree, it might be time to ask, “What’s next?”

That’s where Master’s degrees can come in.

Whether you want to specialize in a particular area or get advanced skills in your profession, a master’s degree can help you get there in 1-2 years.

The most common types of master's degrees include:

• Master of Arts (MA),
• Master of Science (MS),
• Master of Business Administration (MBA),
• Master of Education (MEd),
• and Master of Fine Arts (MFA). 

What do you learn in a master’s program?

The short answer? A lot.

Master’s degree programs are designed to build on the foundational knowledge gained during your undergraduate studies, and the curriculum focuses on advanced knowledge and skills in a particular field.

Here’s what you can expect to encounter in a master’s program:

Advanced coursework:  Master's programs provide advanced courses that build upon the foundational knowledge gained during your undergraduate studies. These courses delve deeper into specific topics within your field and often explore the latest research and developments. 

Specialization:  One of the primary goals of a master's program is to allow you to specialize in a particular area. Whether pursuing a Master of Arts, Master of Science, or a professional degree like an MBA, you can focus your studies on a specific subfield or concentration within your discipline. 

Research and analysis:   Many master's programs require you to engage in research projects and analytical work. This could involve conducting independent research under the guidance of a faculty advisor or participating in group research projects with fellow students. Through these research experiences, you’ll develop critical thinking and analytical skills, learn how to gather and evaluate relevant data and draw meaningful conclusions.

Practical applications and internships:  Some master's programs incorporate practical training opportunities like internships, practicums, or field experiences; hands-on experiences allow you to apply the knowledge and skills gained in the classroom to real-world settings.

Collaboration and networking:  A Master's program is a rich collaboration and networking environment. Collaborative projects, group discussions, and professional events allow you to exchange ideas and build connections within your field, often leading to long-lasting professional relationships and potential career opportunities.

Thesis project:   Outside of building skills like project management, problem-solving, project management, and effective communication, thesis projects in master's degree programs serve as a cornerstone for building advanced skills, expanding professional networks, and contributing to the body of knowledge in your respective field. 

Why get a master’s degree?

Career advancement: One primary advantage of getting a master’s degree is an edge in the job market. Employers value the specialized knowledge and advanced skills that come with a master’s degree, opening up new and exciting career opportunities.  The cherry on top? Individuals with a master’s degree often earn more than those without an advanced degree — you can take that to the bank, especially if you set yourself up for financial success during your studies. Flexibility: Another aspect to consider is the flexibility that a master’s degree offers. Many programs offer part-time or online options, allowing you to balance your studies with work or other commitments.  This flexibility can be particularly helpful if you’re already established in your career but want to gain additional qualifications.  Growth opportunities: Depending on your field, a master’s degree can be a stepping stone toward a PhD or other doctoral programs. It gives you a solid foundation in research methods and academic rigor — a boon if you want to pursue a career in academia or conduct advanced research.

What is a Doctoral Degree or PhD?

A doctoral degree is a terminal degree — it represents the pinnacle of academic achievement and is the most advanced degree you can attain. Doctoral students want to become authorities in their chosen fields and develop the skills to conduct independent and original research. 

Doctoral programs usually span 3-6 years of full-time study, during which students complete advanced coursework, pass comprehensive examinations, engage in extensive research and ultimately produce a dissertation that contributes new knowledge to the field. 

There are several types of doctoral degrees based on different academic and professional aspirations, including:

• Doctor of Philosophy (PhD),
• Doctor of Education (EdD),
• And Doctor of Psychology (PsyD), among others. 

What do you learn in a doctoral program?

When you successfully defend your dissertation and complete your degree, you also become an expert in your field — but it doesn’t happen overnight. Here's what you can expect to encounter in a doctoral program:

Advanced research: If you’re looking for a hard emphasis on research, a doctoral program is the place to be. Over several years, PhD students engage in extensive research activities — including conducting independent research, producing scholarly publications, and contributing to the knowledge base of their field through original research contributions.

Theoretical and conceptual frameworks:  PhDs are an incredible opportunity to deepen your understanding of theoretical and conceptual frameworks in your field of study. You'll critically analyze existing theories, evaluate their applicability, and develop your theoretical frameworks to advance knowledge and understanding in your chosen area of research.

Advanced methodological training:  Because a dissertation is an original research project, you’ll gain advanced training in research methodologies and data analysis techniques, like designing robust research studies, collecting and analyzing data, and drawing valid and reliable conclusions from your research findings.

Critical thinking and intellectual independence: Both academia and industry employers highly value independent thinkers and workers. Doctoral programs foster critical thinking and intellectual independence by challenging you to evaluate existing research, identify gaps in knowledge, and propose innovative research ideas. Teaching and Mentoring Experience: Being a teacher or mentor is a great opportunity to share your hard-earned knowledge, and universities agree. Doctoral programs often provide opportunities to teach and mentor undergraduate students, develop effective pedagogical skills, and contribute to the academic community.

Dissertation project:  Your dissertation is the culmination of years of hard work within your field. By enrolling in a doctoral program, you’re also given the chance to participate in a significant and original research endeavor that demonstrates the expertise you’ve worked so hard to cultivate.

Why Get a Doctorate?

Having a doctorate doesn’t just open doors; it can kick them down. A doctorate might be right for you if you’re looking for a door to these things:

Expertise and specialization:  Doctoral degrees can be a labor of love. They help you delve deeper into a specific subject area, gaining expertise and specialization.

Research opportunities:  Extensive research training, opportunities for conducting original research, and contributing new knowledge to the academic community — these three things make a doctorate coveted by students, universities, and employers.

Salary potential and career advancement: In some fields, having a doctorate can lead to higher earning potential and increased salary opportunities. According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics , doctoral degree holders made an average of $1,885 per week in 2020, while master’s degree holders made an average of $1,545 per week.

Contribution to society:  Doctoral research often addresses pressing societal issues, contributing to advancements in technology, healthcare, education, and other areas for the benefit of society — for many students, contributing to the greater good is just as rewarding as career advancement or personal development.

What’s the difference between a dissertation and a thesis?

You might have heard “thesis” and “dissertation” used interchangeably, but they’re not quite the same. Here are the general distinctions to consider:

• A thesis is usually associated with a master's degree program. Students undertake a research project in the final stage of their degree.
• It typically involves conducting original research or analyzing existing research to answer a specific research question.
• The length of a thesis varies based on the field and program requirements, but it’s usually shorter than a dissertation.

Dissertation:

• A dissertation is typically associated with a doctoral degree program. It is an extensive, in-depth research project that marks the culmination of a doctoral program.
• in-depth exploration of a research topic
• comprehensive literature review
• methodology section
• data collection and analysis
• substantive discussion of findings and conclusions.
• Dissertations are usually longer than theses and may take several years to complete.
• Once you’ve completed your dissertation, you participate in a formal defense of the research, where you’ll present your findings to a committee of experts in the field.

Key Differences: Master's vs. PhD

Deciding Between Master's vs. PhD Programs

“Should I get a master’s degree or a PhD?”

Answering that question can be exciting — and a bit intimidating. You must consider long-term career objectives, personal interests, and the time you can commit. Plus, the level of specialization you wish to achieve based on your career path is also a factor. Typically, a PhD is a prerequisite for those aspiring to research careers in academia, while professional roles in various industries may require only a master's degree. 

It’s still worth noting that students have the option of completing a master's degree first and then, based on their experiences and career aspirations, deciding whether to pursue a PhD.

Find the right graduate degree at SMU 

A graduate degree is a big investment, so investing in the right program is important.

SMU offers a diverse array of master's and PhD programs tailored to align with your unique interests and career goals, and personalized support, from the applicant to the graduate, is always available. 

Whether you're interested in pursuing a PhD in Chemistry or are almost finished with your MBA, we can help you find the right advanced degree.

This could just be the beginning of your journey. Get a closer look at applying to graduate programs of your choice with our guide, How to Get a PhD: A Guide to Choosing and Applying to PhD Programs .

Learn More About

Doctoral degrees at SMU, and how you can choose the right program and thrive in it, in our Guide to Getting a PhD.

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Master’s vs. Ph.D.: What’s the Difference and Which One to Choose?

If graduate school is on your radar, one of the first things to consider is what type of degree you should pursue . While a bachelor’s degree is required for any postgraduate study, many people think you need a master’s to pursue a Ph.D., but that isn’t always the case. While there are benefits to receiving your master’s degree before your Ph.D., it’s not always necessary or required. However, there are important differences to note when deciding which type of program to apply to.

Master’s degree

A master’s degree usually takes about two years to complete full time. There are programs that allow a student to attend on a part-time basis, but that of course extends the completion time. Many master’s programs require a thesis to be completed, but not all. A thesis is a research project that is completed during the final year of a master’s program under the guidance of your program chair or advisor.

Under the master’s umbrella, there are quite a few specific degrees you can obtain. Your professional path will determine which of these you pursue.

• Master of Arts (MA) is given for disciplines in the arts and social sciences.
• Master of Science (MS) is given for sciences, health, engineering and statistics.
• Master of Research (MRes) is focused on training students to become researchers. This is advantageous to a student if they’re pursuing a research-based career or planning to apply for a Ph.D. program.
• Master by Research (MPhil) is similar to a MRes but is more advanced and focuses on research topics to be explored in depth. It’s often considered a precursor to a Ph.D. program.

Specialized master’s degrees

There are numerous specialized master’s degrees that are categorized by profession. These are often (not always) preceded by some professional experience prior to undertaking these types of advanced degrees.

• Master of Business Administration (MBA)
• Master of Library Science (MLS, MLIS, MSLS)
• Master of Public Administration (MPA)
• Master of Public Health (MPH)
• Master of Social Work (MSW)
• Master of Laws (LLM)
• Master of Education (MEd, MSEd, MIT, MAEd, MAT)
• Master of Engineering (MEng)
• Master of Architecture (MArch)
• Master of Fine Arts (MFA)
• Master of Divinity (MDiv)

Ph.D. (Doctor of Philosophy)

There are many Ph.D. programs and, in general, it’s considered the most advanced type of research degree you can obtain. Ph.D. candidates are required to complete a dissertation to obtain their degree. Unlike a thesis, a dissertation is longer and consists of original research conducted throughout the entire doctoral study. In some cases, students may be awarded a stipend, or pay, to complete the doctoral program and dissertation.

Ph.D.’s take a considerably longer time to complete than a master’s, five to eight years on average, and they carry a rather high rate of noncompletion due to time and financial commitments. Many Ph.D. programs have stipends available, so it’s important to inquire about that when researching a particular program.

Specialized doctorate programs

As with master’s degrees, there are several specialized doctorate programs specific to different disciplines and areas of study:

• Doctor of Business Administration (DBA)
• Doctor of Engineering (EngD/PhD)
• Doctor of Education (EdD/D.Ed)
• Doctor of Social Science (DsocSci)
• Doctor of Professional Studies (DProf)
• Doctor of Architecture (DArch)
• Doctor of Theology (Th.D)
• Doctor of Divinity (DD/DDiv)
• Doctor of Science STEM (Dsc/ScD)
• Doctor of Science Arts & Humanities (DLitt/LitD)

When deciding which one to get, consider your immediate or long-term career goals — which degree would serve you best? In some cases, you can obtain a Ph.D. with just a bachelor’s degree, but often it’s recommended you get a master’s first for the research experience that will be required for a Ph.D.

As with anything, there are exceptions. Students in law school obtain a J.D. (Juris Doctor) but can then further obtain a master’s in a sub-specialty like tax or immigration law. The health care occupations of physical therapist and pharmacist are also doctorate programs obtained post undergrad.

Making your choice

As with any decision, weigh your options, list pros and cons, and go from there. Once you’ve narrowed your options , you’ll have a precise list of programs and institutions generated for your specific goals.

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What Comes After a Master's Degree?

Know Your Graduate School Options Beyond a Master's

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• Ph.D., Developmental Psychology, Fordham University
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After receiving your master's degree, there are still more options to study in graduate school, including an additional master's degree, doctorate programs (Ph.D., Ed.D., and others) and certificate programs to consider. These degree and certificate programs all vary in level, time to complete, and more.

Additional Master's Degrees

If you have already earned a master's degree and wish to continue your studies, you might consider a second master's degree. Since master's degrees tend to be specialized degrees, as you grow within your career you may find that a new specialty is required or that two specialties will make you an even more desirable candidate when job hunting. In education, for example, many teachers earn a Master's of Arts in Teaching degree but may return to the classroom to study for a degree in the field in which they are teaching, such as English or mathematics. They may also wish to pursue a degree in organizational leadership, especially if they are looking to grow into an administrative role in the school.

Master's degrees generally take two, sometimes three, years to complete (after earning a bachelor's degree), but pursuing a second degree in a similar discipline might allow you to carry over some credits and complete the program sooner. There are also some accelerated master's programs that can earn you a degree in less than a year; just be prepared for a lot of hard work. All master's programs entail coursework and exams , and, depending on the field, possibly an internship or other applied experience (for example, in some fields of psychology ). Whether a thesis is required to obtain a master's degree depends on the program. Some programs require a written thesis; others offer an option between a thesis and a comprehensive exam . Some programs provide capstone courses, which are usually semester-long courses that provide a comprehensive overview of everything learned within the program and ask students to complete several small thesis statements to demonstrate mastery.

A meaningful way in which master's programs differ from many, but not all, doctoral programs is in the level of financial aid available to students. Most programs do not offer as much assistance to master's students as they do for doctoral students, and so students often pay most if not all of their tuition. Many top institutions even offer full scholarships for doctoral students, but a doctoral program is usually a much more comprehensive and time-consuming educational program, requiring a full-time commitment, versus the possibility of working your full-time job while going for a master's degree.

The value of the master's degree varies by field. In some areas such as business, a master's is the unstated norm and necessary for advancement. Other fields do not require advanced degrees for career advancement. In some cases, a master's degree may hold advantages over a doctoral degree. For example, a master's degree in social work (MSW) may be more cost-effective than a doctoral degree, given the time and funds required to earn the degree and the pay differential. The admission offices at the schools you're applying to can often help you determine which program is best for you.

Ph.D. and Other Doctoral Degrees

A doctoral degree is a more advanced degree and takes more time (often a great deal more time). Depending on the program, a Ph.D. could take four to eight years to complete. Typically, a Ph.D. in North American programs entails two to three years of coursework and a dissertation — an independent research project designed to uncover new knowledge in your field that must be of publishable quality. A dissertation can take a year or more to complete, with most averaging about 18 months. Some fields, like applied psychology, may also require an internship of one year or more.

Most doctorate programs offer various forms of financial aid , from assistantships to scholarships to loans. The availability and types of support vary by discipline (e.g., those in which faculty conduct research sponsored by large grants are more likely to hire students in exchange for tuition) and by the institution. Students in some doctoral programs also earn master's degrees along the way.

Certificate Programs

Certificates can usually be earned in less than a year and are often significantly less expensive than going after additional degrees. If you're wondering what should come after your master's degree and you're not sure if a doctoral program is right for you, this could be the way to go. Certificates range in scope greatly and can allow you to hyperfocus on the areas in which you wish to excel. Some schools even offer certificate programs that are of a masters degree caliber, so you can walk away better prepared for your career and without breaking the bank. Employers who offer tuition assistance may look favorably on a less expensive certificate program as well.

Which Is the Best?

There is no easy answer. It depends on your interests, field, motivation, and career goals. Read more about your field and consult faculty advisers to learn more about which option best fits your career goals. Some final considerations are as follows:

• What types of jobs do a master's degree, doctoral degree, and certificate holders have? Do they differ? How?
• How much will each degree cost? How much will you earn after obtaining each degree? Is the outcome worth the cost? What can you afford?
• How much time do you have to invest in additional schooling?
• Are you interested enough to pursue many years of schooling?
• Will earning a doctoral degree offer a substantial benefit in your employment and advancement opportunities?

Only you know which is the right degree for you. Take your time and ask questions, then carefully weigh what you learn about each, its opportunities, as well as your own needs, interests, and competencies. What comes after a master's degree is up to you.

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Home > Blog > Tips for Online Students > Tips for Students > Master’s vs PhD — These are the Main Differences

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Master’s vs PhD — These are the Main Differences

Updated: June 19, 2024

Published: October 31, 2019

The consideration between earning a master’s vs PhD is not always an easy choice. While many careers and personal aspirations may be complete with just an undergraduate degree (Associate’s or Bachelor’s), a lot of people continue their higher education to obtain graduate degrees. These include a master’s and/or a PhD.

Neither a master’s degree nor a PhD is considered to be a walk in the park. Therefore, it’s useful to understand why you would earn either and then decide how far to go.

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Definitions: master’s vs phd.

Bost a master’s and PhD are defined as postgraduate degrees, but they require different commitments and styles of learning.

1. Master’s Degree:

Mostly all master’s degrees will require the completion of an undergraduate bachelor’s degree to enroll. They generally all share the same common requirement for a thesis or dissertation to graduate.

Earning a master’s degree through a taught program will result in the completion of a Master of Art (MA), Master of Science (MS), or Master of Philosophy (MPhil). For those who earn their master’s degree through research, they will earn a Master of Research (Mre), in a tailored field of study. There are also degree-specific master’s programs like Master of Business Administration (MBA) and Master of Education (M.Ed).

After earning a master’s degree, the next step is a PhD, which entails both working and performing research at an institution. A PhD is an abbreviation for “Doctor of Philosophy.” It is the highest academic degree one can achieve. As such, it is a time-consuming pursuit that requires a lot of studying and research.

You may be wondering, “Do you need a master’s to get a PhD?”

Technically, the answer is not always. Some students skip a master’s and go straight for their PhD, but they may lack research experience. While it could save money, the transition between a bachelor’s and a PhD is incredibly sharp. It may be harder to complete a PhD without the experience from a master’s.

Yet, some institutions may allow for the possibility to earn both your master’s and PhD in conjunction with one another. This will alleviate the transition between skipping a master’s and going straight to earning a PhD.

Should You Get a Master’s or PhD?

There are many considerations to factor when deciding between a master’s of PhD. For starters, it’s useful to consider the amount of time it will take, the cost, and the benefits and disadvantages of each. It is also of utmost importance to explore your own personal goals and reasons for wanting a graduate degree.

If your desired career of choice requires a PhD, like becoming a university professor, then you have your answer. If you want to start a business and benefit by networking while in school, a Master of Business Administration (MBA) could be a good idea. Consider what you want to pursue as a career and find out the requirements first.

Another useful thing to note is that a master’s degree can be used for a shift in careers. For example, if you attended college and earned a bachelor’s degree in humanities, but now you want to pursue science, you can still earn your master’s degree in a scientific discipline. On the other hand, a PhD is tailored to your field of study and specialty, so it will require that you are sure of your direction when you first earn your master’s degree.

Length of Time

A typical master’s degree program takes about two years full-time. However, there are accelerated programs that can be completed in just a year or so.

A PhD, in general, requires five to six years of studying, teaching, and research. However, it may even take some students up to eight or nine years to graduate. With this significant investment in time, it’s necessary to know if a PhD is right for you before starting.

The cost of both programs varies by institution and enrollment status of part-time versus full-time. However, since a PhD takes longer to complete, it will end up costing more. With that said, if you look into your return on investment, a PhD could end up yielding a higher salary, and therefore end up “costing less.”

Additionally, there is also the possibility of being paid to complete your PhD. Some students may receive an academic stipend, a university fellowship or apprenticeship or a reduced fee to earn their PhD while completing research (or teaching) at an institution. It’s also possible to get financial aid through a scholarship or grant.

As tuition rates continue to rise, it’s useful to look into alternative institutions for affordable education. For example, the University of the People offers a tuition-free master’s program in Business Administration and Education. This means you can study 100% online and graduate for less than the cost of most programs.

Weighing the Benefits

When comparing the two degree types, here are some benefits of each:

• Career-oriented
• Can open the door for more job opportunities
• Costs less than a PhD
• Takes less time than a PhD
• Helps you stand out from those with only an undergraduate degree
• You can perform research in your field of choice
• You become an expert in your field
• The prefix Dr. is added to your name
• You can teach in academia at the highest level

Required Commitment and Reasons to Pursue

Both a master’s and a PhD require a huge amount of hard work and utter commitment. You must be dedicated and motivated to complete either degree. Since most careers only may require a bachelor’s degree, having a master’s or PhD will set you apart from the competition. However, this should not be the sole reason to pursue either.

You may be wondering why would you earn either degree. Here’s a look at some motivational factors:

Reasons to Study for a Master’s

• Your career requires it (see next section)
• You want to advance your subject knowledge
• You want to experience graduate school and network with peers

Reasons to Study for a PhD

• You want to contribute new research to your field of choice
• Your career requires a PhD
• You want to earn the title of Dr.

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Required degrees by career.

Most people are motivated to pursue higher education because their desired careers require they do so. Here, we will break down those fields that require the completion of a master’s degree as it’s high on the list of reasons why to get one.

• Education Administration: To work as an administrator in an educational institution, you need to hold an advanced degree. A Master’s in Education (M.Ed) will provide you with the necessary knowledge and required skills to succeed in the field.
• Executive Level Business: A Master’s in Business (MBA) will not only place you ahead of the competition to land high-level positions in the field of business, but it can also be the jumping off point for becoming your own boss.
• Environmental Science: With issues in climate change and technological advancement, careers in Environmental Science are growing. As with most scientific careers, it requires a master’s degree where you will learn Applied Ecology, Environmental Policy, Environmental Chemistry, and more.
• Mental Health: To become a licensed practitioner and assist in mental health counseling, you will continue your education through a master’s degree in the field.
• Physical Therapy: Employers of physical therapists often prefer them to obtain a master’s degree in the discipline as the field is highly specialized.

Of course, some careers require a PhD. These careers are easy to spot because they have the prefix Dr. in front of them or the suffix like J.D. (Juris Doctor). To become a lawyer, doctor of medicine, veterinary medicine or psychologist/psychiatrist, you must obtain a PhD in the respective field.

Salary Differences Between Master’s and Ph.D. Graduates

According to a study performed by the Georgetown University Center on Education and the Workforce , the overall evidence shows that the higher the degree you have, the higher your salary potential. However, the differences vary by subject level and field.

In general, the expected lifetime earnings of those with each degree level is as follows:

• High School Diploma: $973,000
• Bachelor’s Degree: $1.3 million
• Master’s Degree: $2.7 million
• Doctorate Degree: $3.3 million

The Bottom Line

Aside from the financial cost and length of time, the opportunity to earn a master’s and a doctorate degree can offer several benefits.

However, it is an undertaking that requires a lot of dedication and motivation on behalf of the student. As such, it’s important to perform research on your desired career’s requirements, as well as your personal interest in pursuing either a Phd vs master’s.

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Should I Pursue A Master’s or A Ph.D.?

The first step in deciding on the right graduate program for you is to figure out which degree will best serve you—a master’s or a doctor of philosophy (Ph.D.). Here are a few factors to consider.

What are your career goals?

• Professional master’s: A good choice if you want to develop a particular skill set in order to practice a particular profession. This type of degree provides coursework focused on learning and practicing skills.
• Research master’s: A good fit if you want to gain expertise in a discipline and know how to teach it. A research master’s typically includes a research project or thesis and comprehensive exams in addition to coursework and provides experience in research and scholarship.
• Ph.D. (doctor of philosophy): Consider this option if your goal is to ground yourself in a body of research and develop the ability to add to that body of knowledge. Ph.D. study includes a major research project in addition to coursework, and a Ph.D. is the highest scholastic degree awarded by American universities. Contrary to common perception, career paths for Ph.D. graduates are quite varied, not just limited to academia. Ph.D. training helps you hones skills such as writing, research, teaching, data analysis, communicating complex topics—all of which can translate into many sectors, including industry, government, nonprofit, and entrepreneurship.

See career data for Duke graduate programs' alumni

How much time do you have to pursue a graduate degree?

Master’s degrees typically take two years to complete, while Ph.D. programs generally take five to seven years ( see Duke programs' time-to-degree ). That is a significant difference in commitment and opportunity costs. It might also play a key role in deciding which factors take higher priority as you evaluate a program. How does the length of the program fit with your career and family plans? How important is the surrounding community if you are going to be there for seven years instead of two? How long are you able or willing to go on a limited income while in graduate school?

How much can you afford to pay for a graduate degree?

Consider your personal financial situation (e.g., how much savings and student loans do you have), as well as how much financial aid you can get. Master’s and Ph.D. programs differ greatly in the amount of financial aid available. Ph.D. programs tend to offer significantly more financial support than master’s programs (but often will have research or teaching requirements). 

A typical Ph.D. financial aid package usually includes coverage of tuition and fees, a living stipend, and some level of support for health insurance for a set number of years. For instance, Duke’s standard Ph.D. package covers tuition, mandatory fees, and a stipend for five years, as well as health insurance premiums for six years. 

Within an institution, the level of financial support often differs across programs, so be sure to ask your specific program about the financial aid it offers. There are also many national organizations that provide competitive fellowships and scholarships for graduate students.

Know which degree you want to pursue? Here are some key things to look for in a program .

Can You Get a PhD without a Masters?

• Applying to a PhD

Yes, it’s possible to get a PhD without first having a Masters degree .

The conventional route for someone who earns a PhD is to pursue a Bachelor’s degree, followed by a Masters degree and then a PhD. However, several students opt to bypass a Master’s degree by enrolling onto a doctoral programme as soon as they complete their undergraduate degree.

Before we discuss how this can be done, it is worth mentioning the advantages and disadvantages of this route.

Advantages of Applying to a PhD without A Masters

The motivations for undertaking a PhD immediately after an undergraduate course are largely in saving money and time. This is because you will essentially eliminate a year of study. Another advantage of immediately enrolling onto a doctorate degree is project availability. If you find a project that you’re really interested in, it’s unlikely that it will still be available in a years’ time. Therefore, bypassing a Masters and enrolling directly into a PhD will increase your chances of securing the research project before it becomes unavailable.

Disadvantages of Applying to a PhD without A Masters

Although a Masters degree will add a year onto your academic journey, it can be incredibility helpful for your development and can help prepare you for a doctoral degree.

Not having a Master’s degree may prove to be a hindrance during your application process. This is because many other students will also apply to the same research projects, and it’s likely that the majority will hold a Masters. This will put you at a disadvantage to them.

Besides this, the dissertation project you’ll be required to undertake on a Master’s programme will provide you with a taste of what it is like to work on a research-based project. In addition to this, it’s likely that you’ll be able to select your own dissertation topic. As such, you can explore a specific field you’re interested in in further detail. This is a great way to confirm that both research-based work and the specific field you’re interested in are right for you before committing the next few years to it via a PhD.

Another advantage to the dissertation project associated with a Masters degree is the opportunity it provides you with to work closely with a project supervisor. This will help you understand the PhD student-supervisor relationship and communication frequency that works best for you. You can then use this knowledge to find supervisors who would compliment you when it comes time to find a PhD project to apply to. For tips on how to find a great PhD supervisor, check out our supervisor guide .

PhD without a Masters – How Does It Work?

To be considered for a PhD without a Master’s, at a minimum you will be expected to have a Bachelors degree. For students looking to enrol onto a STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering and Maths) PhD, a relevant Bachelors in a 3-year undergraduate course is usually expected. However, this is not the case for students looking to apply to non-STEM PhDs. Rather, students looking to apply to doctorates in subjects such as those surrounding Arts and Humanities are usually expected to have a relevant Bachelors from a 4-year course.

In addition to this, you will need to have demonstrated strong academic performance during your undergraduate course. This means that your Bachelors will need to be at least a UK Upper Second-Class Honours (2.1) for nearly all institutions to consider you.

Should you be accepted into a PhD programme without a Masters, the usual process will be to first register you as an MPhil student. You will then have a year to prepare and submit a thesis. Your thesis will need to detail the research you have carried out within that year and outline how you intend to continue it into a full PhD study. There are three outcomes of this MPhil thesis review:

• Failure and you’re not awarded anything.
• You pass, however, the supervisor doesn’t believe you’ve demonstrated strong research skills. You’re awarded an MPhil but they do not upgrade your course to a PhD programme.
• You pass and the supervisor believes you have proven yourself as a capable researcher. Your course is upgraded to a PhD as opposed to you being awarding an MPhil.

For more information on these outcomes, read the outcomes section of our PhD Viva guide .

Integrated PhD

Some universities offer Integrated PhD degree programmes (also known as an Integrated Masters degree). These are four-year programmes comprising of a one-year Masters degree immediately followed by a three-year PhD degree. These can prove a great option for graduate students who are looking to undertake a PhD without a Masters but are struggling to meet the eligibility requirements. You can read about the many benefits of  integrated degrees here .

Finding a PhD has never been this easy – search for a PhD by keyword, location or academic area of interest.

PhD without a Bachelors – Is It Possible?

Yes, it is possible to get a PhD without a Bachelor’s, however, this is extremely uncommon.

When this occurs, it is almost always reserved for very mature individuals. For example, an individual may not be in active academia but still may have significantly contributed to their field. This contribution could be through the work they have undertaken as part of their career, or as part of a long-term study project, they have undertaken out of self-interest.

In either case, the individual would need to prove that they have extensive experience in their field and have directly contributed to new knowledge within it. The key factor here is that their work has pushed the boundaries of existing knowledge. It is not enough for an individual to be regarded as an expert in their field – they must have contributed something new and meaningful. It’s common for individuals awarded a PhD through this means to have produced several publications within their lifetime. It’s also common for the individual to have gained several professional accreditations within their field before even being considered suitable for a PhD research degree.

Universities Offering PhD without a Masters

Unfortunately, there is not a centralised list of universities which offer PhDs without a Master’s degree. The reason for this is that the edibility requirements differ from PhD to PhD and from department to department.

Therefore, you will need to check the guidelines for each individual university and the requirements for each specific PhD you’re interested in.

Should you find a PhD programme you can apply to with a Bachelors, make every effort to make your application as strong as possible. This is because you will be competing against other candidates, most of who will have a Master’s degree.

Not only can you strengthen your application by having a Bachelors with a First-Class Honours (1st), but you can also do so by showing the traits of a successful researcher. This includes showing a genuine interest in the project, a high work ethic, and exceptional communication skills.

Additionally, a strong letter of recommendation from a respected university lecturer will prove very beneficial. This is especially true if the lecturer supervisors his or her own PhD students. This is because the lecturer will understand the skills required for an adept research student.

For more advice on how to apply to a PhD degree, check out our Application Process Guide.

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• PhD Without a Masters

Can you do a PhD Without a Masters?

Written by Hannah Slack

When considering the path to a PhD, one common question emerges: Can you do a PhD without a Masters? While the traditional route involves earning a Masters first, the answer isn't as straightforward as one might think.

Depending on various factors, it is possible to embark on a PhD journey without a Masters degree. This guide will explore the different routes, requirements, and considerations for pursuing a PhD without first obtaining a Masters.

On this page

Do i need to get a masters to do a phd.

The short answer is no, you do not always need a Masters degree to start a PhD. However, whether this route is available to you can depend on several factors including your personal experience, the subject you wish to study, the structure of the PhD programme, and the country in which you are applying.

Considerations by subject area

• STEM or vocational subjects : it's more common to find PhD candidates in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) or vocational subjects (e.g., Social Work, Business) who skip the Masters degree. These fields sometimes value professional experience just as highly as formal academic qualifications.
• Arts and humanities : in contrast, jumping directly from a Bachelor's degree to a PhD in the Arts and Humanities is rare. These disciplines often require a Masters, which hones research skills and deepens subject knowledge – prerequisites for formulating and justifying original research proposals.

Geographical differences

• UK and Europe : in the UK, and Europe more broadly, a Masters degree is generally required to enrol in a PhD programme. However, integrated PhD programmes (commonly four years) could be an exception.
• USA : in the USA, it is more common to enter a PhD programme directly after completing an undergraduate degree. These programmes typically integrate a Masters level of study within the early years of the PhD, offering a structured progression that accommodates students transitioning from their bachelor's directly to doctoral studies.

Can you get a PhD without a Masters in the USA?

In the USA , it's fairly common for students to go straight from their undergraduate degree to a PhD. This is because universities will usually award PhD candidates a Masters degree on their way to achieving their final doctorate. American PhD programmes typically have a large taught element during the first 1-4 years, making them suitable for students who have not previously studied at the postgraduate level.

Routes to a PhD without a Masters

Integrated phd programmes.

One feasible option is to apply for integrated PhD programmes. These are typically structured to include a preparatory year focused on extensive training, followed by the three years more commonly associated with a PhD. Such programmes are often referred to as Integrated PhDs, 1+3 PhDs, or Doctoral Training Programmes (DTPs). Key features:

• One year of preparatory coursework, seminars, and workshops.
• Potential for completing a Masters of Research (MRes) within the first year.
• Automatic enrolment into the PhD phase upon successful completion of the preparatory year.

Looking for an integrated PhD programme?

You can browse four-year integrated PhD programmes here on FindAPhD .

Professional experience

Another avenue is leveraging professional experience. This is particularly viable for vocational and STEM fields where the practical application of skills and experience can be just as valuable as academic achievements.

• Industrial exeprience : years of work experience following an undergraduate degree can demonstrate readiness for a PhD.
• Research-based roles : conducting independent research projects in a professional setting can further bolster an application.

What is it like to do a PhD without a Masters?

Read about one student's experience making the leap from undergraduate to PhD .

Developing a strong application

• Academic preparation : ensure that your undergraduate degree demonstrates strong academic performance, particularly in research projects and relevant coursework.
• Research CV : highlight any research projects or professional experience relevant to your intended PhD field.
• References : seek references from academicians familiar with your research prowess or professional life who can vouch for your potential to succeed in a PhD programme.

The benefits of a Masters degree

While it’s possible to undertake a PhD without a Masters, there are several benefits to consider:

• Research experience : Masters programmes often include comprehensive research training and the opportunity to complete significant research projects.
• Networking : Masters provides invaluable opportunities to connect with academic peers and potential supervisors.
• Skill development : postgraduate study builds advanced skills that may benefit PhD research, such as project management and subject-specific techniques.

Should you do a PhD without a Masters?

Whether you decide to pursue a PhD without a Masters will ultimately depend on your background, experience, and specific circumstances.

If you’re confident in your research skills and academic foundation, it may be worth applying directly. However, it’s essential to discuss your plans with academic advisors and potential supervisors to gauge the best pathway.

Final thoughts

Pursuing a PhD without a Masters is a non-traditional route but one that’s possible given the right circumstances and preparation. Whether via an integrated programme, leveraging professional experience, or enhancing your academic CV, understanding the pathways can open doors to advanced research opportunities.

Remember, whether you choose the direct route or opt for a Masters first, what matters is preparing thoroughly and making informed decisions to shape your academic and professional future.

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Hannah slack.

Hannah worked at FindAPhD as a Content Writer from 2020 to 2023. She started with us part-time whilst studying for her PhD, giving her personal experience with balancing work responsibilities with academia. Hannah has a Bachelor’s degree in History from the University of East Anglia, and both a Masters in Early Modern History and a PhD on Early Modern English seafarers from the University of Sheffield.

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Our guide explains how to contact a potential PhD supervisor to discuss your proposal or ideas with them before applying.

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Frequently asked questions

Do i need a master’s degree to apply for a phd.

This depends on the country. In the United States, you can generally go directly to a PhD  with only a bachelor’s degree, as a master’s program is included as part of the doctoral program.

Elsewhere, you generally need to graduate from a research-intensive master’s degree before continuing to the PhD.

Frequently asked questions: Graduate school

In the US, most graduate school applications require you to include:

• Transcripts from previous educational institutions
• Standardized test scores (such as the GRE or MCAT)
• A graduate resume
• 2–3 letters of recommendation
• A statement of purpose

Some programs may ask you to write a personal statement in addition to, or instead of, a statement of purpose. You may also be asked to an interview .

Always carefully read the application instructions for the specific program you’re applying to.

Most medical school programs interview candidates, as do many (though not all) leading law and business schools.

In research programs, it depends—PhDs in business usually do, while those in economics normally do not, for example.

Some schools interview everyone, while others only interview their top candidates. Look at the websites of the schools you’re applying to for more information on whether they conduct interviews.

In addition to thinking about your answers for the most commonly asked grad school interview questions , you should reach out to former and current students to ask their advice on preparing and what sort of questions will be asked.

Look back through your resume and come up with anecdotes that you could use for common questions, particularly those that ask about obstacles that you overcame. If you’re applying for a research program, ensure that you can talk about the previous research experience you’ve had.

You should also read as much research in your field as possible. Research the faculty at the schools you’re applying to and read some of their papers. Come up with a few questions that you could ask them.

Graduate schools often ask questions about why you are interested in this particular program and what you will contribute.

Try to stay away from cliche answers like “this is a good program” or “I got good grades in undergrad” and focus instead on the unique strengths of the program or what you will bring to the table. Understand what the program is looking for and come up with anecdotes that demonstrate why you are a good fit for them.

Different types of programs may also focus on different questions:

• Research programs will often ask what topics you’d like to research and who you would like to work with, as well as specific questions about your research background.
• Medical schools are interested in your personal motivation, qualities such as integrity and empathy, and how you’d respond to common ethical dilemmas.
• Business schools will focus on your past work experience and future career prospects, and may be particularly interested in any experience you have managing or working with others.

Some students apply to graduate school straight from undergrad, but it’s also common to go back to school later in life. The ideal time to do so depends on various financial, personal, and career considerations . Graduate school is a big commitment, so you should apply at a time when you can devote your full attention to it.

Your career path may also determine when you should apply. In some career fields, you can easily progress without a graduate degree, while in others—such as medicine, business, and law—it’s virtually impossible to move up the career ladder without a specific graduate degree.

Most graduate school applications for American graduate programs are due in December or January for a September start.

Some types of programs, especially law school, are rolling applications, meaning that the earlier you apply, the earlier you’ll hear back. In this case, you should aim to apply as early as possible to maximize your chances.

Medical school follows a completely separate timeline with much earlier deadlines. If you’re applying for medical school, you should speak to advisors at your university for more information.

A good starting point to aim for is about 18 months before you would start the program, or 6–9 months before the applications are due.

In the first few months of the process, research programs and study for any standardized exams you might need.

You can then begin writing your personal statements and statements of purpose , as well as contacting people to write your letters of recommendation . Ensure that you give recommenders plenty of time to complete their letters (ideally around 2–4 months).

In the US, the graduate school application process is similar whether you’re applying for a master’s or a PhD . Both require letters of recommendation , a statement of purpose or personal statement , a resume or CV , and transcripts. Programs in the US and Canada usually also require a certain type of standardized test—often the GRE.

Outside the US, PhD programs usually also require applicants to write a research proposal , because students are expected to begin dissertation research in the first year of their PhD.

A master’s degree usually has a higher upfront cost, but it also allows you to start earning a higher salary more quickly. The exact cost depends on the country and the school: private universities usually cost more than public ones, and European degrees usually cost less than North American ones. There are limited possibilities for financial aid.

PhDs often waive tuition fees and offer a living stipend in exchange for a teaching or research assistantship. However, they take many years to complete, during which time you earn very little.

This varies by country. In the United States, PhDs usually take between 5–7 years: 2 years of coursework followed by 3–5 years of independent research work to produce a dissertation.

In the rest of the world, students normally have a master’s degree before beginning the PhD, so they proceed directly to the research stage and complete a PhD in 3–5 years.

A PhD, which is short for philosophiae doctor (doctor of philosophy in Latin), is the highest university degree that can be obtained. In a PhD, students spend 3–5 years writing a dissertation , which aims to make a significant, original contribution to current knowledge.

A PhD is intended to prepare students for a career as a researcher, whether that be in academia, the public sector, or the private sector.

A master’s is a 1- or 2-year graduate degree that can prepare you for a variety of careers.

All master’s involve graduate-level coursework. Some are research-intensive and intend to prepare students for further study in a PhD; these usually require their students to write a master’s thesis . Others focus on professional training for a specific career.

It’s best to ask in person if possible, so first reach out and request a meeting to discuss your graduate school plans.

Let the potential recommender know which programs you’re applying to, and ask if they feel they can provide a strong letter of recommendation . A lukewarm recommendation can be the kiss of death for an application, so make sure your letter writers are enthusiastic about recommending you and your work!

Always remember to remain polite. Your recommenders are doing you a favor by taking the time to write a letter in support of your graduate school goals.

This depends on the program that you are applying for. Generally, for professional programs like business and policy school, you should ask managers who can speak to your future leadership potential and ability to succeed in your chosen career path.

However, in other graduate programs, you should mostly ask your former professors or research supervisors to write your recommendation letters , unless you have worked in a job that corresponds closely with your chosen field (e.g., as a full-time research assistant).

Choose people who know your work well and can speak to your ability to succeed in the program that you are applying to.

Remember, it is far more important to choose someone who knows you well than someone well-known. You may have taken classes with more prominent professors, but if they haven’t worked closely with you, they probably can’t write you a strong letter.

The sections in your graduate school resume depend on two things: your experience, and the focus of the program you’re applying to.

Always start with your education. If you have more than one degree, list the most recent one first.

The title and order of the other sections depend on what you want to emphasize. You might include things like:

• Professional experience
• Voluntary and extracurricular activities
• Publications
• Awards and honors
• Skills and certifications

The resume should aim for a balance between two things: giving a snapshot of what you’ve done with your life so far, and showing that you’re a good candidate for graduate study.

A resume is typically shorter than a CV, giving only the most relevant professional and educational highlights.

An academic CV should give full details of your education and career, including lists of publications and presentations, certifications, memberships, grants, and research projects. Because it is more comprehensive, it’s acceptable for an academic CV to be many pages long.

Note that, outside of the US, resume and CV are often used interchangeably.

No, don’t include your high school courses and grades. The education section should only detail your college education.

If you want to discuss aspects of high school in your graduate school application, you can include this in your personal statement .

A resume for a graduate school application is typically no more than 1–2 pages long.

Note, however, that if you are asked to submit a CV (curriculum vitae), you should give comprehensive details of all your academic experience. An academic CV can be much longer than a normal resume.

Always carefully check the instructions and adhere to any length requirements for each application.

If you’re applying to multiple graduate school programs, you should tailor your personal statement to each application.

Some applications provide a prompt or question. In this case, you might have to write a new personal statement from scratch: the most important task is to respond to what you have been asked.

If there’s no prompt or guidelines, you can re-use the same idea for your personal statement – but change the details wherever relevant, making sure to emphasize why you’re applying to this specific program.

If the application also includes other essays, such as a statement of purpose , you might have to revise your personal statement to avoid repeating the same information.

The typical length of a personal statement for graduate school applications is between 500 and 1,000 words.

Different programs have different requirements, so always check if there’s a minimum or maximum length and stick to the guidelines. If there is no recommended word count, aim for no more than 1-2 pages.

A statement of purpose is usually more formal, focusing on your academic or professional goals. It shouldn’t include anything that isn’t directly relevant to the application.

A personal statement can often be more creative. It might tell a story that isn’t directly related to the application, but that shows something about your personality, values, and motivations.

However, both types of document have the same overall goal: to demonstrate your potential as a graduate student and s how why you’re a great match for the program.

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Is a PhD a Masters? Understanding the Key Differences Between the Two Degrees

When exploring advanced education options, many prospective students wonder, “Is a PhD a master’s?” While both are considered graduate-level degrees, a PhD (Doctor of Philosophy) and a master’s degree are fundamentally different in terms of academic focus, duration, and career outcomes. These distinctions are crucial for those who wish to make an informed decision about which path is best suited for their personal and professional goals.

In this post, we’ll answer the question, “Is a PhD a master’s?” and take a closer look at the significant differences between these two degrees. We’ll explore their purposes, how they fit into the academic progression, and what students can expect from each program. Whether you’re trying to choose between a master’s or a PhD, or simply seeking to understand the distinctions, this guide will help clarify the critical elements of each degree.

What Is a Master’s Degree?

A master’s degree is a graduate-level qualification that typically follows the completion of a bachelor’s degree. It’s designed to provide advanced knowledge in a specific field of study or professional practice. Master’s programs vary widely in terms of structure, focus, and duration, depending on the discipline and country.

Purpose of a Master’s Degree

The main goal of a master’s program is to deepen the student’s understanding of a particular subject or to provide specialized training for a professional career. While some master’s programs are academically focused and emphasize research, others are professionally oriented and aim to equip students with practical skills for the workforce.

Master’s degrees can be categorized into two general types:

• Academic Master’s Degrees : These programs, such as a Master of Arts (MA) or Master of Science (MSc), typically involve coursework, examinations, and sometimes a thesis. They are intended to enhance the student’s expertise in a particular field and may serve as a stepping stone toward a PhD.
• Professional Master’s Degrees : These programs, such as a Master of Business Administration (MBA) or Master of Social Work (MSW), are designed to prepare students for specific careers by focusing on the practical application of knowledge and skills in a professional setting.

Duration and Requirements

Master’s programs generally take 1 to 2 years to complete, depending on the subject area and whether the student is enrolled full-time or part-time. Programs may require students to complete coursework, practical experiences (such as internships), and in some cases, a research thesis or capstone project.

What Is a PhD?

A PhD (Doctor of Philosophy) is the highest academic degree awarded by universities in most fields of study. It is primarily a research-based degree that aims to contribute new knowledge to a specific discipline. Unlike master’s degrees, which focus on mastering existing knowledge, a PhD emphasizes original research and is geared toward individuals who wish to become experts in their fields.

Purpose of a PhD

The main goal of a PhD is to develop independent research skills and produce original research that advances knowledge in a particular subject area. A PhD is typically pursued by individuals who wish to pursue careers in academia, research, or highly specialized fields that require advanced expertise.

PhD students spend several years conducting in-depth research, often under the guidance of a faculty advisor, and are expected to produce a dissertation or thesis that presents their findings. This body of work must make a significant contribution to the academic community and is usually subject to a rigorous examination process.

PhD programs are much longer than master’s programs, usually taking 3 to 7 years to complete, depending on the field and the nature of the research. Unlike master’s degrees, which may consist primarily of coursework, PhD programs focus heavily on research. While some PhD programs include initial coursework, the bulk of the degree is dedicated to conducting original research and writing a dissertation.

PhD candidates are also required to defend their dissertation before a panel of experts in their field, a process known as the dissertation defense. This final step is critical for earning the PhD, as it demonstrates the candidate’s expertise and ability to contribute meaningful knowledge to their academic discipline.

Key Differences Between a PhD and a Master’s Degree

Now that we’ve defined both degrees, let’s explore the key differences between a PhD and a master’s degree, which are essential for answering the question, “Is a PhD a master’s?”

1. Level of Study and Academic Focus

The most significant difference between the two degrees is their level of study. A master’s degree is an intermediate academic qualification that builds on the knowledge gained in a bachelor’s degree. It typically involves learning from existing knowledge and applying it to practical or theoretical problems.

In contrast, a PhD is the highest academic qualification and is centered on original research. PhD students are expected to make new contributions to their field by producing and publishing their own research, which has the potential to shape future academic or industry developments.

2. Research vs. Coursework

Another key difference lies in the nature of the work involved. Master’s programs tend to be more focused on coursework, with a structured curriculum that includes lectures, seminars, and exams. In some cases, students may also complete a thesis, but the emphasis is on mastering existing knowledge in a particular area.

PhD programs, on the other hand, are primarily research-based. While PhD students may complete some initial coursework, the bulk of their time is spent conducting original research, developing their dissertation, and presenting their findings. PhD students are encouraged to contribute new knowledge to their field, often working independently or under the guidance of a research advisor.

3. Duration of Study

The time commitment required for each degree is another significant difference. A typical master’s program can be completed in 1 to 2 years, whereas a PhD usually takes between 3 to 7 years or more. The extended duration of a PhD is due to the amount of time needed for in-depth research, data collection, analysis, and dissertation writing.

4. Career Outcomes

Career outcomes also differ between the two degrees. A master’s degree is often seen as a qualification that can open doors to professional careers in fields such as business, healthcare, education, and engineering. It enhances a candidate’s expertise and can lead to mid- to senior-level positions within their chosen industry.

A PhD, on the other hand, is typically pursued by those interested in academic or research careers. PhD holders often go on to become university professors, researchers, or experts in highly specialized fields. While some industries value the advanced research skills of PhD holders, many careers in business or applied fields do not require a doctorate, and a master’s degree is often sufficient.

5. Financial Investment

Both degrees require a financial investment, but the cost can vary widely depending on the program and institution. Master’s programs tend to be shorter and, therefore, less expensive. Additionally, many students pursue a master’s degree to boost their earning potential in the workforce.

PhD programs, due to their extended length, can be more costly in terms of time and money. However, many PhD students receive funding through fellowships, teaching assistantships, or research grants, which can offset the cost of tuition and living expenses.

Is a PhD a Master’s Degree?

In short, a PhD is not a master’s degree. While both are advanced degrees, they serve different purposes, require different levels of commitment, and lead to distinct career paths. A PhD is a h igher-level degree that follows a master’s program in many cases, although in some fields, students can enter PhD programs directly after completing their bachelor’s degree.

The confusion often arises because many students pursue a master’s degree before advancing to a PhD. In this sense, a master’s degree can be viewed as a stepping stone to a PhD, but the two are fundamentally different.

Conclusion: The Role of ValidGrad

For those who want a replica or fake master’s or PhD diploma, ValidGrad provides reliable services to create high-quality replica diplomas that meet your needs. Whether you’re looking for personal use or to replace lost documents, ValidGrad can help you obtain a professional-looking replica of a master’s or PhD diploma, accurately reflecting the design and format of genuine degrees.

So, while the answer to “Is a PhD a master’s?” is no, both degrees hold significant value in the academic and professional worlds. Whether you choose to pursue a master’s for career advancement or a PhD for a research-focused path, understanding the differences between these degrees will help you make an informed decision about your future educational journey.

For more information on how ValidGrad can assist you with obtaining a fake or replica master’s or PhD diploma, visit our website today!

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• Learn more about the admissions process through the program's departmental website.
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Graduate Degrees: Risky and Unequal Paths to the Top

Graduate degrees, risky and unequal paths to the top, full report, executive summary.

• Press Release

Is graduate school worth it? Graduate degrees—including master’s, professional, and doctoral degrees—can help individuals boost their earnings and improve career advancement opportunities. But they can also be high-risk investments given rising costs, student debt, and the current lack of transparency about program outcomes.

Graduate Degrees: Risky and Unequal Paths to the Top proposes new measures to improve accountability and transparency in graduate education through a regulatory framework for Grad PLUS loan eligibility that includes both an in-field earnings premium test and a debt-to-earnings test. The report also examines median earnings, costs, and debt across different types of graduate degrees in different fields of study, along with equity gaps in graduate degree attainment and earnings outcomes by race/ethnicity and gender.

Federal Graduate Student Loans

Graduate costs have increased by 233 percent since 2000. Prospective borrowers have two federal student loan options to finance their graduate education.

– Direct Unsubsidized Stafford Loans

Stafford loans account for 68 percent of annual federal graduate student loan disbursements and in most cases have an annual limit of $20,500 for graduate students and an aggregate undergraduate and graduate limit of $138,500.

– Grad PLUS Loans

While Grad PLUS loans make up a smaller portion (32 percent) of annual federal graduate student loan disbursements, they are limited only by an institution’s cost of attendance, an amount that universities set with few incentives to rein in costs.

Debt-to-Earnings Test and In-Field Earnings Premium Test

Grad PLUS student loan borrowers are more likely to be enrolled in high-cost programs and more likely to come from marginalized backgrounds. To address these concerns, CEW researchers developed a policy framework, modeled on the Education Department’s Gainful Employment (GE) and Financial Value Transparency (FVT) regulations, that aims specifically to mediate access to the Grad PLUS Loan Program through two tests.

– Debt-to-Earnings Test

For a program to pass the debt-to-earnings test, its graduates’ median federal loan payments would need to be less than 10 percent of their median earnings above the state living wage.

– In-Field Earnings Premium Test

For a program to pass the in-field earnings premium test, its graduates would need median earnings that are at least 5 percent above the median earnings of young workers with a bachelor’s degree in the same broad field of study and state.

• Debt-to-Earnings Test
• In-Field Earnings Premium Test

Forty-one percent of master’s degree programs and 67 percent of professional degree programs with available data would not pass our proposed debt-to-earnings test.

Approximately 14 percent of master’s degree programs with available data would not pass our in-field earnings premium test..

Source: Georgetown University Center on Education and the Workforce analysis of data from the US Department of Education, College Scorecard, 2023; the US Census Bureau, American Community Survey (ACS), 2009–21 (pooled); and Glasmeier, “Living Wage Calculator,” 2023.

Explore Graduate Programs

Under CEW’s proposed regulatory framework, all programs would be required to notify potential students of their performance on the two tests. If a program failed either test for two out of three consecutive academic years, its students would lose eligibility for Grad PLUS loans. To see how graduate programs perform on our proposed regulatory tests, explore our sortable table of graduate programs, which also includes annual earnings and median debt amounts.

– Annual Earnings

Earnings refer to median yearly earnings four years after graduation among those who received federal loans and grants.

– Median Debt

Median debt levels reflect federal student loans used to pay for graduate studies among program completers.

For best results, please view on desktop.

Additional policy recommendations, beyond increased transparency and accountability for the Grad PLUS loan program, include

• providing targeted grant aid to support graduate education in socially valuable professions;
• requiring graduate programs to report detailed information about admissions, retention, and completion rates;
• developing a specialized regulatory approach for professional healthcare programs; and
• increasing the number of programs with available financial outcomes data.

Graduate Degrees: Risky and Unequal Paths to the Top examines median earnings, costs, and debt across different types of graduate degrees in different fields of study, along with equity gaps in graduate degree attainment and earnings outcomes by race/ethnicity and gender.

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How Many Credits is a Master’s Degree? [2024 Guide]

The fundamental question “How many credits is a master’s degree?” often surfaces when college students or working professionals consider pursuing advanced education.

This guide can offer answers and insights in regard to how many credits and courses to expect along the journey to attaining your masters degree.

Read on to explore the required credit hours for masters degrees across diverse academic domains and to learn about the customary credit spectrums and the influential factors at play.

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How Many Credits Is a Master’s Degree?

Master’s degree credit requirements can vary greatly depending on your chosen field of study and institution. Generally, a masters program spans a credit range of 30 to 60 credit hours, equivalent to about 10 to 20 courses.

Here are common factors that affect the amount of credit requirements in a graduate program:

• The field of study
• The institution itself
• The program’s curriculum
• The depth of study
• Whether a thesis is required
• Whether a capstone project is required

In fields like business administration or education, you’ll often encounter programs that ask for around 30 to 36 credit hours. This typically entails completing 10 to 12 courses, each typically worth 3 credit hours. These types of programs aim to provide a well-rounded education while allowing you to specialize in your chosen area.

But, when you dive into specialized domains like engineering or healthcare, the credits required tend to go up. Here, the range can be between 45 to 60 credit hours, translating to 15 to 20 courses or more. Such programs are renowned for their extensive coursework, research elements, and hands-on training, all aimed at fully preparing you for your future profession.

To determine the precise credit requirements for your prospective masters program or field of study, you can consult a program’s website or get in touch with the institution’s admissions office.

Factors that Affect How Many Credits Are Required for a Master’s Degree

A number of factors contribute to the variations seen in masters degree credits across programs and fields of study. Here’s a closer look at these influential factors:

• Field of study . The nature of your chosen subject plays a pivotal role in the amount of masters degree credits required. Specialized fields, such as engineering or healthcare, often necessitate more credits due to the extensive knowledge and skills required.
• Program design . Each program has a unique blueprint, emphasizing specific goals. Some lean toward research, while others prioritize coursework and practical experience. Some programs require specific degrees or prerequisites to enter, but there are also master’s degrees that don’t require specific bachelor’s qualifications. This can all impact how many credits are required.
• Institutional policies . Every university or college sets its own rules for credit requirements, influenced by academic standards and institutional objectives. These policies can differ significantly.
• State and accreditation standards . Accrediting bodies and state regulations can mandate minimum credit standards, particularly in professions like teaching or counseling.
• Thesis or capstone project . Programs with thesis or capstone project components often require more master’s degree credits due to the extensive research and writing involved.
• Transfer credits . Some institutions allow students to transfer credits from prior coursework, potentially reducing the overall credit requirement.
• Program format . Online, part-time, and accelerated programs may feature distinct credit structures tailored to the needs of working professionals and non-traditional students.

If you’re a prospective graduate student, understanding these factors can help you select a program that’s aligned with your career aspirations and schedule availability. Next, you have the opportunity to strategize when to apply for grad school and research how much a master’s degree cost .

What Are Credit Hours?

Credit hours are a foundational metric in higher education that gauge a student’s academic workload and advancement.

Master’s degree credits express the time students are expected to allocate weekly for a course, encompassing both classroom sessions and independent tasks like reading and homework assignments and projects. Typically, 1 credit hour equates to 1 hour of in-class instruction per week throughout a semester.

Graduate programs mandate a specific credit hour count for degree fulfillment. These credit hours not only mirror the breadth and depth of coursework but also quantify academic accomplishments, charting a student’s course toward obtaining their masters.

30 Credit Hours Equals How Many Years?

The path to completing 30 credit hours in a master’s program is as flexible as it is individualized. A full-time student who takes the maximum courseload or pursues an accelerated schedule can typically conquer this milestone within a single academic year, spanning two semesters or about 9 months.

This journey is often extended for part-time students juggling work and other commitments, usually taking them 2 to 3 years to reach the same credit finish line. This adaptability in credit hours and masters degree length caters to diverse student schedules and aspirations.

How Many Years Is a Master’s Degree?

Your masters degree length is influenced by various factors, such as your chosen field, your program style, and your unique pace and schedule availability. Typically, full-time graduate students earn their degrees in 1 to 2 years.

Your timeline can also depend on how many credits for a masters degree are required. For instance, programs that consist of 36 credit hours can often be completed in 1 year of full-time, year-round study, including summer classes. On the other hand, part-time students can extend their graduate journeys to 2.5 to 3 years or beyond to fit their current lifestyles or work schedules.

Can You Finish a Masters in 1 Year?

Yes, you can finish a masters in 1 year, but it largely depends on various factors.

Accelerated programs, notably those one year masters programs online , propel students toward graduation in record time. These accelerated tracks often demand more effort and set a higher bar for admission. This faster track isn’t available in all master’s programs, though. Its availability depends on your field of study, the program’s blueprint, and your personal situation.

So, if you’re considering the 1 year dash to a masters, you might take a moment to evaluate your goals, your academic readiness, and the presence of these accelerated options in your chosen field.

Are Masters Degrees Worth It?

Yes, masters degrees are worth it for many students. Data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics reveals a promising trend, that professions that favor masters degrees are poised for significant growth in the near future. This growth mirrors the rising requirement for advanced skills and expertise across various sectors.

Pursuing a master’s may expand your career potential and bolster your competitiveness as a candidate in a crowded job market. While the degree’s value is subject to variation based on individual goals and industry contexts, it’s a valuable investment for many. It can often help pave the way for more opportunities and personal development for aspiring professionals.

Earning Credits for Your Master’s Degree Online

Understanding the credit requirements for a master’s degree is a helpful first step when embarking on this advanced educational journey.

Whether you aspire to specialize in a particular field, advance your career, or explore new horizons, a master’s degree can help open doors to a range of opportunities. Credit and program requirements vary across disciplines and institutions, with diverse program options available for students’ different needs, schedules, and ambitions.

If you’re ready to take that next step toward personal and professional growth, you can start your graduate journey today by exploring accredited universities and delving into their masters degree offerings.

Explore online master’s degrees that fit your life—click “Find My Program” to begin.

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• Scholarships
• Uae Scholarships

Muhammad Bin Zayed University UAE Graduate Scholarships 2025-2026 (Fully Funded)

• Fully Funded
• Muhammad bin Zayed University
• Masters, PhD
• Computer Science, Computer Vision, Machine Learning, Robotics, Artificial Intelligence
• International Students, Domestic Students

Description

The mohamed bin zayed university of artificial intelligence (mbzuai) in abu dhabi is offering fully funded scholarships for 2025, targeting future leaders and researchers in ai. with state-of-the-art facilities and a global academic environment, mbzuai provides an exceptional opportunity for master’s and ph.d. students to engage in cutting-edge ai research. the scholarship covers 100% tuition fees, accommodation, health insurance, uae visa sponsorship, and a monthly stipend. applications open on 1st october 2024, with a regular deadline of 15th january 2025 and late submissions accepted until 31st may 2025., about the university:.

The Mohamed Bin Zayed University of Artificial Intelligence (MBZUAI) in Abu Dhabi is the world’s first graduate-level, research-based university focused solely on artificial intelligence (AI). Established to advance AI knowledge and drive innovation, MBZUAI offers specialized Master’s and Ph.D . programs in areas such as computer vision, machine learning, and natural language processing. The university provides students with access to cutting-edge research facilities, a globally recognized faculty, and collaborative opportunities with leading industry partners. Its mission is to prepare graduates to become leaders in AI, whether in academia, industry, or government sectors.

Degree Level

Muhammad Bin Zayed University UAE Graduate Scholarships 2025-2026 (Fully Funded) is available to undertake Masters, PhD level programs at Muhammad bin Zayed University.

Available Subjects

Following subject are available to study under this scholarship program.

• Computer Science
• Computer Vision
• Machine Learning
• Artificial Intelligence

MBZUAI provides students with a range of graduate programs in a dynamic and innovative university environment, set in Abu Dhabi, the vibrant capital of the UAE. It merges a modern education system with a strong curriculum, enriched by Abu Dhabi's rich culture and heritage, offering a distinctive learning experience.

All full-time students benefit from a complete scholarship, but maintaining this scholarship, along with stipends and other benefits, requires high academic performance, adherence to the university's code of conduct, and meeting specific requirements throughout the program.

The scholarship covers:

• Full tuition fees
• On-campus accommodation
• Health insurance and UAE visa sponsorship for non-UAE nationals
• Monthly stipend (as per university regulations outlined in the University Catalogue):

International and UAE resident students:

• MSc: AED 8,000
• PhD: AED 10,000 (Married PhD students may request off-campus accommodation with an additional AED 5,000 housing allowance, subject to approval and required documentation).

UAE national students:

• MSc: AED 30,000 (single) or AED 33,000 (married, upon submission of official documents)
• PhD: AED 36,000 (single) or AED 39,000 (married, upon submission of official documents).

Eligible Nationalities

This scholarship is open to domestic and international students of all nationalities.

Eligibility Criteria

Eligibility criteria for master of science (msc) and ph.d. in computer science at mbzuai, 1.academic background:.

•  Completed Bachelor's degree in a STEM field (Science, Technology, Engineering, Mathematics) from a UAE MoE accredited university with a minimum CGPA of 3.2 (on a 4.0 scale) or equivalent.
• Computer Science: Completed Bachelor's degree in Computer Science from a UAE MoE accredited university with a minimum CGPA of 3.5 (on a 4.0 scale) or equivalent.
• Computer Vision, Machine Learning, Natural Language Processing, or Robotics: Completed Bachelor's or Master's degree in a STEM field from a UAE MoE accredited university with a minimum CGPA of 3.5 (Bachelor's) or 3.2 (Master's) or equivalent.

English Language Proficiency:

Proof of English language ability through a valid certificate of:

• TOEFL iBT with a minimum score of 90
• IELTS Academic with a minimum score of 6.5
• EmSAT English with a minimum score of 1550

Waiver available for citizens of UK, USA, Australia, and New Zealand who completed K-12 through relevant degrees in those countries.

Graduate Record Examination (GRE):

• Optional, but considered a plus factor in the evaluation.

Additional Requirements:

• Statement of Purpose (500-1000 words) outlining motivation, background, experience, achievements, goals, and supporting details.
• Two referee recommendations.
• Online Screening Exam (highly encouraged, but waivable with strong evidence).
• Interview (for a select number of applicants).
• Research Statement summarizing your potential research project and the research gap you aim to address.
• Three referee recommendations.

Other Notes:

• All applicants must submit transcripts, degree certificates, and (for graduating students) an expected graduation letter.
• Degree attestation from UAE MoE (for UAE degrees) or Certificate of Recognition from UAE MoE (for international degrees) is required within the first semester at MBZUAI.
• All submitted documents must be in English or include official English translations.
• Official academic documents should be stamped and signed by the university authorities.

Application Procedure

Required Documentation for MBZUAI Admissions

All Applicants:

• Application Form: Complete the online application form.
• CV: Submit a CV detailing your academic background, work experience, research publications, and programming/coding skills.
• Academic Documents:
• Official Bachelor's degree transcript and certificate (or expected graduation letter if still completing the degree).
• Official Master's degree transcript  and certificate (or expected graduation letter if still completing the degree) for Ph.D. applicants only.
• Recommendations: Provide at least 3 recommendations for Ph.D. applicants and 2 for MSc applicants.
• Research Statement: Required only for Ph.D. applicants (upload in PDF format).
• Statement of Purpose: Upload in PDF format.
• English Language Proficiency: Submit a valid English language proficiency certificate (must meet admission criteria and be provided upon admission).
• Passport Copy: A valid copy of your passport.
• National ID: A valid copy of your Pakistan national identity card (for Pakistani nationals).
• Photo: A photo with a white background.
• Entrance Exam: Highly recommended, but applicants may opt out.

UAE Nationals:

• Emirates ID: A valid copy of your Emirates ID.
• Passport Copy: A valid copy of your passport with a unified ID number.
• National Service Letter: A valid UAE national service completion or exemption letter (for UAE national males).
• Family Book: A copy of your family book or your UAE national mother's family book (if an Abnat Mwatnat applicant).
• Birth Certificate: A UAE birth certificate (for Abnat Mwatnat applicants).
• Mother's Documents: If an Abnat Mwatnat applicant, provide a valid Emirates ID and passport copy of your UAE national mother.
• UAE Visa: A valid UAE visa (for non-GCC Abnat Mwatnat applicants).

UAE Residents:

• UAE Visa: A valid UAE visa.

Note: All documents must be in English or accompanied by legal English translations. Official academic documents should be stamped and signed by the university authorities.

How to Apply?

This guide outlines the application process for Master's (MSc) and Ph.D. programs at MBZUAI.

Step 1: Review Admission Criteria

• Check requirements for your desired program (Master's or Ph.D.)

Step 2: Prepare Required Documents

• All documents must be in English or translated.

Step 3: Submit Your Application

• Apply by the "Regular Deadline" for full consideration (Jan 15, 2025).
• Late applications are accepted until May 31, 2025, but not guaranteed full consideration.

Step 4: Check Application Status

Track your application and recommendation letters through the online portal.

Step 5: Online Screening Exam (Optional)

• Take the exam to strengthen your application (highly encouraged).
• Waiver possible with strong evidence of research skills and expertise.

Step 6: Technical Interview (For Selected Applicants)

• Prepare for a potential interview with the admissions committee.

Step 7: Admission Decision

• Admissions decisions are sent by March 31st for applications submitted by the regular deadline.

Additional Information:

• Transfer credits may be considered (up to 25% of total program credits).
• All admitted students receive full scholarships covering tuition, accommodation, stipend, and health insurance.
• Scholarship details vary for international and UAE national students.

Ready to Apply?

• Click " Apply Now " to start your application!

Achievement Scholarships for International Undergraduate Students: Engineering and Information Technology, University of Technology Sydney

De Montfort University UK International Scholarships 2025

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University News

University of New Haven’s Master’s Degree in Sport Management Ranked Best in World for Graduate Outcomes

SportBusiness compiled the rankings based on post-graduation employment, job support, career advancement, and a program’s alumni network.

October 1, 2024

SportBusiness ranked the University of New Haven’s master’s degree in sport management program number 7 in the U.S. and number 9 in the world. The ranking was supported by the program’s standing as the best in the United States and internationally for employment outcomes of its graduates.

The program was ranked number 1 in the world for employment of graduates 12 months after Commencement and number 1 in the world for current employment of all program graduates.

The program was ranked number 4 in the U.S. and number 8 worldwide for career advancement, number 6 in the U.S. and number 7 worldwide for job support provided for students. It also ranked 5th in the country (and sixth in the world) for professional mentorship opportunities and 12th in the country (and 15th in the world) for its alumni network.

“In the sport management department, everything we do centers around the students and their career preparation.” Ceyda Mumcu, Ph.D. , chair and professor of sport management.

“From curriculum revisions to industry collaborations to networking opportunities to alumni engagement, we are intentional in everything we do ,” continued Dr. Mumcu. “Our priority is to serve our students, help them discover their passion, and guide them toward successful careers.”

Recent News

The Charger Blog

Charger Blogger Explores How Microplastics Impact Our Food

Beatrice Glaviano ’26 explores the impact of microplastics on meat production and consumption, urging readers to consider the environmental and health implications of our dietary choices.

Charger Blogger Reflects on Navigating Grief, Life’s Pressures, and Finding Strength in the Little Things

Beatrice Glaviano ’26 opens up about the emotional weight of losing a loved one, the challenges of balancing life as a student, and the importance of holding on to what you love during tough times.

Scoring a Global Career in Sports Management

Kelly Quigley ’18, a former student-athlete and a graduate of the sport management program, reflects on her path to becoming head of international partnerships for the Swansea City Football Club.

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Graduate Certificate in Child and Adolescent Health Specialisation

Graduate certificate.

• Qualification Graduate Certificate in Child and Adolescent Health Specialisation

This course can only be undertaken on a part-time basis. It is recommended that students undertake 1-2 units of study per semester. One unit is available internal only with the remaining units available online. This course is not available to International Onshore Students on Student Visas.

A full-time study load usually consists of 200 credits (approximately eight units) per year, with 100 credits (approximately four units) in each semester.

The Curtin campuses or teaching locations where units of this course are offered.

Deadlines for applying direct to Curtin

Select your preferred campus:.

The Graduate Certificate in Child and Adolescent Health Nursing offers effective and specific education for generalist, child and adolescent community health nurses and midwives to prepare practitioners capable of fulfilling these diverse practice roles. Community health practice is modelled on a primary health care framework with the aim of promoting health, preventing disease, implementing early intervention strategies, managing individual cases and working in collaborative partnerships with clients. Embodied in the primary health care approach are the primary, secondary and tertiary levels of prevention that are provided by community health specialists. Given the autonomous work, practising in the community requires professional skills and specialist preparation in these areas of community health. The practice domain includes individuals, families, groups and whole communities. Australia's diverse multicultural society necessitates that community health clinicians are able to undertake relevant research and provide relevant evidence-based sociocultural health support to the profession and members of the community throughout their lifespan.

What you'll learn

• identify and apply principles of primary health care into practice to maintain optimal wellbeing of the individual, family and community
• assess the environmental, physical and psychosocial aspects of the individual, family and/or community to determine and plan the health care needs within a community practice setting
• locate, extract and interpret relevant evidence and scientific literature
• communicate both verbally and written, in a way the individuals, family and professional colleagues can understand
• use appropriate technologies to practice community health practice
• demonstrate ability in interdependent and self-directed learning
• incorporate learning opportunities in community practice
• recognise national and global community health issues and strategic health care directions; relate these to community practice
• provide culturally aware and respectful health care provision to multicultural groups and Indigenous communities; demonstrate professional and ethical practice in community health; work collaboratively within an interdisciplinary health care team

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Use your experience to get credit towards your degree

Finish your course sooner with credit for your previous study or work experience.

Fees and charges

Fee information is not available for this course at this time. Find estimated course fees .

Looking for more detail on the course structure?

For start dates, please view the  academic calendar .

All endeavours are made to ensure location information for courses is up to date but please note they are subject to change.

The University reserves the right to withdraw any unit of study or program which it offers, to impose limitations on enrolment in any unit or program, and/or to vary arrangements for any program.

How to apply

Please review information on how to apply for the campus of your choice

• Curtin Perth

Please note that each campus has different application deadlines. View our application deadlines page for further information.

The offering information on this website applies only to future students. Current students should refer to faculty handbooks for current or past course information.

The information on this page may be subject to change. In particular, Curtin University may change the content, method or location of delivery or tuition fees of courses.

While Curtin uses reasonable efforts to ensure that the information provided on this page is accurate and up to date, errors and omissions sometimes occur. Curtin makes no warranty, representation or undertaking (expressed or implied) nor does it assume any legal liability (direct or indirect) for the accuracy, completeness or usefulness of any information.

View courses information disclaimer .

• Curtin course code:  GC-CAHS
• Last updated on:  3 October 2024

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Bachelor of Business Administration (BBA) Specialisations

Business specialisations available in the BBA:

• Accounting for Business Decisions Specialisation
• Business Law and Policy Specialisation
• Business Project Management Specialisation
• Business Strategy Specialisation
• Corporate Governance Specialisation
• Social Media and Digital Marketing Specialisation
• Event Management Specialisation
• Fashion Marketing Specialisation
• Information Systems in Business Specialisation
• International Management Specialisation
• Marketing Foundations Specialisation
• Property Investment Specialisation
• Public Relations Specialisation
• Small Business Start-Up Specialisation
• Social Leadership and Ethics Specialisation
• Taxation Law Specialisation
• The Business of Advertising Specialisation
• Tourism and Hospitality Essentials Specialisation
• User Experience for Business Optimisation Specialisation
• Workforce Management Specialisation

Specialisations available from Humanities and Science:

• Actuarial Financial Mathematics Specialisation
• Advertising Design Specialisation
• Animation and Game Design Specialisation
• Anthropology and Sociology Specialisation
• Asian Studies Specialisation
• Chinese Language Specialisation
• Construction Management Specialisation
• Creative Writing Specialisation
• Design Thinking and Visual Communication Specialisation
• Designing Fashion Specialisation
• Digital Design Specialisation
• Digital and Social Media Specialisation
• English and Cultural Studies Specialisation
• Environmental Planning Specialisation
• Fashion Design Specialisation
• Fine Art Specialisation
• Geography Specialisation
• Graphic Design Specialisation
• Graphics Specialisation
• History Specialisation
• Illustration Specialisation
• Interior Architecture – Applied Interior Design Specialisation
• Interior Architecture Specialisation
• International Development Specialisation
• Journalism Specialisation
• Landscape and Natural Resource Management Specialisation
• Photography Specialisation
• Principles of Planning Specialisation
• Professional Writing Specialisation
• Screen Production Specialisation
• Social Inclusion and Equity Specialisation
• Social Justice Specialisation
• Surveying and Spatial Sciences Specialisation
• Theatre Arts Specialisation
• Urban Design and Planning Specialisation
• Web Media Specialisation
• Web Presence Specialisation

Bachelor of Commerce Specialisations

Business specialisations:

• Applied Finance Specialisation
• Banking Specialisation
• Employment Relations Specialisation
• Innovation and Entrepreneurship Specialisation
• Corporate Screen Production Specialisation

Bachelor of Innovation Specialisations

Specialisations available from Humanities, Science and the Centre for Aboriginal Studies:

• Biological Diversity Minor
• Climate Change Science Minor
• Environmental Management Minor
• Food Science Minor
• Forensic Studies Minor
• Geophysics Minor
• Geospatial Technology Minor
• Go Global – Internship Specialisation 1
• Go Practice – Internship Specialisation 1
• Indigenous Australian Cultural Studies Specialisation
• Landscape Restoration Minor
• Mapping and Land Planning Minor
• Metallurgy Minor
• Mining Minor
• Optimisation Minor
• Strategic Studies Specialisation

Domestic students

You are considered a domestic student if you are:

• a citizen of Australia or New Zealand
• a permanent resident of Australia
• an Australian Permanent Humanitarian visa holder

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