scriptwriter in personal development essay

The Days of My Life: Personal Development Essay

Introduction: purpose, goals, and methods, in search for my own self: from early childhood to these days, conclusion: personal development in retrospect, reference list.

Taking a retrospect at one’s own development is a good way to analyze the current behavioral patterns and define the issues that may possibly jeopardize building relationships with the people around. In the given research, I am going to take a look at my won cognitive development through the lens of various cognitive development theories (CDTs) and check the effects of various internal and external factors on my life. Thus, I will learn not only to apply the theories that I have learned to practice but also to define the aspects that I will have to work on later.

The journey starts in early childhood

Naturally, browsing through my early childhood memories is quite complicated, seeing how I remember quite little about the given stage of my life. However, there were some choice moments that I clearly remember as the pivoting points of my development. For example, I can still recall some of the games that my mother used to play with me to develop my ability to think logically and be able to communicate.

Piaget’s theory at its best

Perhaps, one of the best ways to demonstrate a child’s development of cognitive and analytical skills, Piaget’s theory can be easily applied to my childhood memories. As an infant, I played with a teddy bear. Being a single parent, my mother had to leave me in daycare, yet I protested against being alone. To calm me down, my mother suggested that I draw a portrait of my teddy bear, which I did. Therefore, my ability to cognize the world through object permanence (tactile functions) transformed into symbolic thinking (transfer of the tactile experience into visual one).

Erikson: at the sixth stage

My childhood development can also be seen through the prism of Erikson’s stages of cognitive development. An alternative to Piaget’s and Vygotsky’s theories, it also has the right to exist, which my childhood experience has confirmed. I developed trust in my mother at the stage of infancy. It should be noted that the link between trust and breastfeeding, which Erikson provided, seems quite inconsistent, since in my case, mother-child relationships were very strong, even though my mother gave up breastfeeding when I was six weeks and started using bottle feeding. Like other children, I started fighting for my autonomy when I was around three; with little experience of raising children, my mother did not encourage my attempts at being independent properly and scolded me down when I failed, which resulted in enhancing my shame and doubt.

Vygotsky: the world around me

My childhood impressions, however, can also be analyzed from the point of view provided by Vygotsky. For instance, in my early childhood, I refused to share my toys with my playmates. The given phenomenon, in fact, can be explained with the help of Vygotsky’s theory. Noticing my greediness, my mother started giving me examples of generosity. For example, she tried to have me around when lending money, books, etc., to her friends and giving her things to charity. Thus, my mother performed the function of a scaffold, teaching me the basic principles of sharing.

Psychodynamic theory: new discoveries

Motivated both consciously and unconsciously, in accordance with the principles of psychodynamic theory, I learned new skills from interacting with the environment around me and the emotions that I had in the process. Sometimes these experiences were useful, like the pride that I felt after being praised for reading a very long word without mistakes at school. However, some of the emotions blocked my enthusiasm as a learner for quite along. For example, even now, I shiver a bit when I need to strike a match because of the burn that I got at five when playing with my mother’s lighter when she could not see me.

Growing pains: teenage angst

Much like any other teenager, I had to face a number of problems in order to accept the new patterns of relationships and to learn new communication skills. Apart from the way in which society works, I also had to learn how to be accepted and, at the same time, remain an individual. To describe the stages that I had to pass in the course of this transformation, Sternberg’s theory should be used.

Sternberg’s theory: from conventional to creative intelligence

I must admit that, as a child, I did not socialize with the rest of the children much; as a result, growing into a teenager, I was socially awkward most of the time. What I knew about people and society, I learned mostly from books and soon discovered that there was a huge gap between novels and reality. At this point, my development could be viewed through the lens of Sternberg’s theory.

Practical sub theory in action: acquiring communication skills

In the fifth grade, I started working on my communication skills. The process of skills acquisition was rather complicated, even though I had some experience in communication. In accordance with Sternberg’s theory (Bussey & Bandura, 1999, p. 677), I had to learn the basics of conventional communication principles before choosing the communication patterns that suited me best.

Experimental sub theory in action: training communication skills

After learning new skills, I tried them on the people around me in an attempt at winning them over. In some cases, my attempts were successful – I managed to find a sidekick when I enrolled in an art class. However, in a number of instances, these attempts led nowhere, which made me work harder on my social skills.

Gender issues and Chodorow’s theory: defining the differences

However, intelligence development and the skill of thinking outside of the box were not the only issues that I had to learn in the process of growing up. As I had stressed previously, at the age of 11, my knowledge of the social and physiological differences between boys and girls made me flock with girls of my age. However, at the age of 14, I started feeling that building relationships with boys are also an important part of my cognitive experience.

I remember dating boys at 15–17 and being romantically involved; however, it was all a part of growing up and cognizing the world and people around me, which was the key reason why these relationships never went anywhere. Perhaps, being relatively short, these experiences did not lead me to succumb to “women’s universal subordination that is based on a social, rather than a biological, explanation” (Ryle, 2012, p. 135), as Chodorow put it.

The world, through the lens of a young adult

Triarchic theory is still powerful: new experiences.

After I gave birth to my daughter, I discovered a whole new world of new experiences. Not all of them were positive – some included such problems as fighting fears when my daughter got sick, etc. However, by learning to be a mother, I realized that I have a plethora of both practical and artistic skills to learn. Therefore, Sternberg’s theory of learning to handle new tasks is still powerful. For example, while I used to be quite awkward when teaching my daughter to talk, I now feel experienced enough to develop sets of exercises for her creative learning.

Horney and Freud’s legacy: gender theories

As I have stressed above, I have been having issues in communication with the opposite sex. The given issues must have been stemming from my childhood experience. Being a child of a single mother, I could not observe the interactions between a man and a woman and, therefore, had to discover the specifics of gender relationships on my own. As Freud specifies, the so-called scripts, i.e., patterns of relationships, are learned in late childhood (Ryle, 2012, p. 135); in my case, these scripts did not include a male counterpart, which was the key stumbling block in my relationships with my male friends. As a result, I seem to have developed what Horney defined as a masculinity complex, which makes my gender relationships even more complicated (Paris, 2003, p. 22).

Divorce and the associated threats: Jung

I have to admit that at some point in my development, I had to face a serious crisis. In contrast to my expectations, my family life left much to be desired in terms of relationships with my husband. The problems that I encountered could be traced back to my Electra complex, as Jung (Borovečki-Jakovljev & Matacic, ‎2005, p. 351) defined it. Being raised by a single parent, I had little to no examples of interactions between a husband and a wife, which meant that I had to create my own interactional patterns.

Evaluating my experience, I must admit that I have a number of issues to confront. While my development did not differ much from the development of other children, such factors as being raised by a single parent and failing at claiming my independence in early childhood have affected my character and, therefore, shape my current behavioral patterns.

What needs to be addressed

As Jung’s theory allowed defining, I will have to work on learning to build relationships with men. Without a particular pattern learned from early childhood, the given task is extremely complicated. However, the situation that I face at present also has a positive side to it – I do not have the inherently wrong male-female relationship pattern based on the example set by my parents.

Future developmental prospects

Despite the fact that I already have a number of behavioral patterns cemented in my brain, changes in the environment that I live in, particularly new influences and interactions with new people mat possibly change the way I build relationships with people around me. By using the theories listed above to analyze my behavioral patterns, I will be capable of shaping my attitude towards other people and be open to new experiences.

Borovečki-Jakovljev, S. & Matacic, S.‎ (2005). The Oedipus complex in contemporary psychoanalysis. Collegium Antropologicum 29 (1), pp. 351–360.

Bussey, K., & Bandura, A. (1999). Social cognitive theory of gender development and differentiation. Psychological Review, 106 (6), pp. 676-713.

Paris, B. J. (2003). Horney & humanistic psychoanalysis. In Frager, R. & Fadiman, J. (Eds.), Personality and personal growth (pp. 1–29). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall.

Ryle, R. (2012). How do we learn Gender? Questioning Gender (pp. 119–165). Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications.

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21 Principles of Script Writing: A Comprehensive Guide to the Art of Script Writing

Scriptwriting is an art that holds the power to bring stories to life on the big screen or the small screen. From captivating movies to engaging television shows, every compelling visual narrative starts with a well-crafted script.

Understanding the principles of scriptwriting is essential for aspiring writers and filmmakers who aim to create impactful and memorable stories. In this article, we will explore the key principles of scriptwriting, offering valuable insights into the art of crafting a successful screenplay.

Table of Contents

Introduction

In the fascinating world of script writing,  creativity intertwines with storytelling, and words have the power to transport audiences into vivid, captivating worlds. Script writing is an art that requires a delicate balance of imagination , structure , and skill .

Whether you dream of crafting thrilling blockbusters, heartwarming TV shows, or thought-provoking plays, understanding the principles of script writing is the first step toward bringing your stories to life.

Understanding the Art of Script Writing

Script writing is more than just putting words on paper. It is the art of storytelling through the lens of the written word.

Just like a master painter meticulously selects colors and brush strokes, a skilled scriptwriter weaves together characters, plotlines, and dialogue to create a tapestry of emotions and experiences.

Understanding the core principles of script writing is essential to crafting scripts that captivate and resonate with audiences across different mediums.

The Importance of Storytelling

At the heart of every great script lies a compelling story. Storytelling is an ancient tradition that has transcended time and culture, connecting humanity through shared experiences.

In the world of script writing, storytelling is the lifeblood that pumps vitality into each scene, dialogue, and character. It has the power to stir emotions , provoke thoughts , and l eave a lasting impact on viewers long after the credits roll.

A well-crafted story takes the audience on a journey, introducing them to relatable characters, unveiling conflicts and challenges, and ultimately resolving the narrative in a satisfying manner.

The principles of script writing emphasize the importance of crafting a coherent and engaging story that holds the audience’s attention from the opening scene to the closing credits.

Elements of a Good Script

A good script is like a finely orchestrated symphony, where various elements harmoniously blend to create a powerful and unforgettable experience for the audience. Mastering the key elements of script writing is crucial to achieving this harmony and resonance.

Character Development

Memorable characters are the heart and soul of any script. They breathe life into the narrative, allowing audiences to connect emotionally and invest in their journeys.

Effective character development goes beyond surface traits and delves deep into their desires, flaws, and motivations. Just like real people, fictional characters should undergo growth and transformation as the story progresses, making them relatable and engaging.

To create well-rounded characters, scriptwriters must understand their backgrounds, values, and how they respond to different situations. By doing so, characters come alive on the page and evoke genuine emotions from the audience.

Plot Structure

A well-structured plot is the backbone of a successful script. It guides the audience through the story’s twists and turns, building tension and anticipation along the way.

The three-act structure , commonly used in script writing, divides the narrative into three distinct parts: the setup, the confrontation, and the resolution.

The setup introduces the characters, their world, and the central conflict. The confrontation presents challenges and obstacles that the characters must overcome, intensifying the stakes and emotional investment. Finally, the resolution offers a satisfying conclusion that resolves the conflict and provides closure for the audience.

A strong plot structure keeps the audience engaged, ensuring that every scene and sequence serves a purpose in advancing the story.

Dialogue is the lifeblood of character interaction and expression in a script. Well-crafted dialogue reveals the personalities, relationships, and motivations of the characters. It should be authentic, purposeful, and reflective of each character’s unique voice.

Effective dialogue should also serve multiple functions, including advancing the plot, conveying emotions, and revealing subtext. Subtext refers to the underlying meanings and intentions behind the words spoken, allowing for deeper layers of storytelling.

Setting and Atmosphere

The setting and atmosphere of a script create the world in which the story unfolds.

The right setting enhances the overall experience, transporting the audience to a specific time and place. Whether it’s a futuristic cityscape, quaint countryside, or a mystical realm, the setting should be immersive and contribute to the story’s tone and mood.

Additionally, the atmosphere plays a crucial role in setting the emotional ambiance of the script. It influences how the audience feels while experiencing the story, whether it’s through suspense, humor, melancholy, or excitement.

Theme and Message

A compelling script often carries a central theme or message that resonates with the audience on a deeper level. Themes can encompass a wide range of topics, such as love, redemption, courage, or the pursuit of truth. It is the emotional core that binds the story together and leaves a lasting impact on the viewer.

Crafting a meaningful theme requires thoughtful exploration of the human condition and universal experiences. When the audience connects with the underlying message, it elevates the script from entertainment to an emotionally enriching experience.

Principles of Script Writing

To excel in the art of script writing, one must grasp the core principles that underpin every successful screenplay. Here are the fundamental principles you need to know:

Knowing Your Audience

Understanding your audience is crucial in script writing, as it allows you to tailor your story to meet their expectations and preferences. Every script is essentially a conversation between the writer and the viewer, and knowing your audience ensures that this conversation is engaging, relatable, and impactful.

Identifying Target Viewers

Before embarking on a scriptwriting journey, it’s essential to identify the target viewers. Who is the intended audience for your script? Understanding the demographics , interests , and preferences of your target viewers helps you shape your story and characters in a way that resonates with them.

For example, if you are writing a family-oriented comedy, your language and humor may differ from that of a dark psychological thriller aimed at adult audiences. Tailoring your script to suit your target viewers’ sensibilities increases the likelihood of the script’s success.

Adapting to Genres

Different genres cater to different audience expectations and preferences. Adapting your script to the chosen genre is essential for resonating with fans of that genre and adhering to its conventions. The principles of script writing emphasize that each genre has its unique traits , such as pacing , tone , and storytelling style .

If you’re writing a sci-fi adventure, you’ll likely include futuristic technology and thrilling action sequences. Conversely, a romantic drama may focus more on emotional depth and relationship dynamics. Understanding and embracing the nuances of your chosen genre ensures that your script appeals to its target audience.

Cultural and Societal Considerations

As a scriptwriter, it’s essential to be sensitive to cultural and societal norms, as they can influence the reception of your script. Respectful representation of diverse cultures and communities is vital to avoid perpetuating harmful stereotypes or misrepresentations.

Diversity in script writing not only enriches the storytelling experience but also reflects the world’s complexity and plurality. If your script involves characters or themes from cultures different from your own, research and consult with experts or individuals from those communities to ensure authenticity and respectfulness.

The Screenwriter’s Process

The journey of script writing is an iterative and creative process that demands dedication and resilience. Understanding the stages of the screenwriter’s process can guide you through this exciting adventure of storytelling.

Idea Generation

The spark of an idea is the starting point of every script. Inspiration can strike from various sources — a thought-provoking news article , a chance encounter , a vivid dream , or even a personal experience . Keeping a notebook or digital document to jot down these ideas ensures that you don’t let them slip away.

Exploring different angles of an idea, asking “what if” questions, and brainstorming with others can help expand and refine your concept.

Research and Preparation

Once you’ve settled on an idea, research becomes your ally. Thorough research lends authenticity to your script and enhances your storytelling. Whether you’re writing historical fiction, science fiction, or a character-driven drama, understanding the subject matter in-depth allows you to create a believable and immersive world for your audience.

For historical scripts, delve into historical records, primary sources, and expert accounts to accurately depict the time period and its societal norms. In contrast, science fiction scripts may require you to understand cutting-edge scientific theories and speculate about the future.

Outlining and Storyboarding

Assembling your research and ideas into a cohesive narrative requires careful planning. Outlining your script helps you map out the story’s structure , character arcs , and major plot points . An outline acts as a roadmap, guiding you through the storytelling journey and preventing the dreaded writer’s block.

Storyboarding is especially useful for visualizing scenes and sequences in film and television scripts. Creating rough sketches or diagrams of key moments helps you visualize how the story will unfold visually, aiding in effective storytelling.

Drafting the Script

The drafting stage is where your imagination takes flight, and the words start flowing onto the page. Embrace your creative instincts as you breathe life into your characters and bring your story to life.

In this stage, allow yourself to write freely, without fear of perfection. You can always refine and polish your script in subsequent drafts. The key is to capture the essence of your story and characters at this initial stage.

Rewriting and Polishing

Once you’ve completed the first draft, the real work begins. Writing is rewriting, and the revision process is where your script truly starts to shine. Read through your script with a critical eye, identifying areas that can be strengthened, plot holes that need filling, and dialogue that can be made more impactful.

Seek feedback from trusted peers, mentors, or scriptwriting groups. Constructive criticism can provide invaluable insights and reveal blind spots you may have overlooked.

Style and Formatting

Proper style and formatting are crucial in script writing, as they ensure that your script is industry-standard and easily readable for producers, directors, and actors.

Industry professionals are accustomed to specific formatting rules that streamline the production process , so adhering to these standards demonstrates your professionalism as a scriptwriter.

Industry Standards

Scriptwriting follows standardized formats, including font size , margin widths , and page numbering . Most scripts are written in Courier or Courier New font to maintain consistency and readability.

Each new location or scene change is indicated by a scene heading, typically written in all caps, followed by the location and time of day.

For example:

EXT. PARK – DAY

Writing Visuals and Actions

Incorporating vivid visuals and concise action lines is essential in script writing, especially for film and television scripts. These visual cues help directors, cinematographers , and actors bring your vision to life on the screen.

Use descriptive action lines to convey the characters’ movements, emotions, and interactions with the environment. However, avoid over-describing every detail, as brevity is valued in scriptwriting.

JANE picks up the dusty old book and flips through its pages, her eyes widening with curiosity.

Handling Dialogue

Crafting realistic and impactful dialogue is an art in itself. Dialogue is not merely a tool for characters to communicate; it is an opportunity to reveal their personalities, motivations, and conflicts.

To write effective dialogue, immerse yourself in the voices and speech patterns of your characters. Each character should have a distinct voice that reflects their background, personality, and goals.

Using Parentheticals

Parentheticals are brief notes included within dialogue to provide context or emotional cues for the actors. Use them sparingly and effectively to enhance the performance without over-directing the actors.

JOHN [whispering]

I can ‘t believe she said that.

Character and Scene Headings

Clear and descriptive character and scene headings guide the reader through your script, ensuring smooth comprehension. Each new character introduced in the script receives a character heading, followed by the character’s name in all caps.

INT. LIVING ROOM – DAY

John enters the room, looking distraught.

Techniques for Captivating Scripts

To create scripts that leave a lasting impact on the audience, scriptwriters employ various techniques to evoke emotions, build tension, and keep viewers engaged.

Building Tension and Conflict

Tension and conflict are essential elements that drive a script forward. Introduce obstacles and challenges that keep your characters on their toes, creating anticipation for what lies ahead.

One effective technique to build tension is the use of a ticking clock . This involves setting a specific time limit or deadline for the characters to achieve their goals, creating a sense of urgency and raising the stakes . As the deadline approaches, the tension escalates, captivating the audience and keeping them invested in the story’s outcome.

Incorporating Foreshadowing

Foreshadowing adds depth and intrigue to your script by hinting at future events. Cleverly placed clues can create a sense of anticipation and surprise for the audience.

Consider incorporating subtle hints and symbolism early in the script that foreshadow significant plot twists or character developments. These seemingly innocuous details can come to fruition later in the story, creating a sense of satisfaction for attentive viewers who pick up on the foreshadowing.

Crafting Memorable Dialogue

Unforgettable dialogue is a hallmark of a great script. Focus on crafting lines that reveal character traits, motivations, and emotions.

One technique to achieve impactful dialogue is to use subtext. Subtext is the unspoken or underlying meaning behind the words characters say.

By adding layers of meaning to dialogue, you create a rich and nuanced experience for the audience, inviting them to interpret the characters’ true thoughts and feelings.

Show, Don’t Tell

Visual storytelling is a powerful tool in script writing. Instead of explicitly stating character emotions or thoughts, allow actions, expressions, and visuals to convey the story.

For instance, instead of having a character explicitly say, “I’m scared,” show their fear through trembling hands, wide eyes, and a racing heartbeat.

This approach allows the audience to engage with the characters on a deeper level, making the experience more immersive and emotionally resonant.

Balancing Action and Emotion

A successful script balances action-packed sequences with emotionally charged moments. A well-crafted emotional arc gives the audience a deeper connection to the characters and their journeys.

To strike this balance, consider the pacing of your script. Intense action scenes should be followed by moments of reflection or emotional vulnerability. This ebb and flow of emotions keep the audience engaged and invested in the characters’ experiences.

Collaboration and Receiving Feedback

Collaboration is often an integral part of script writing, especially in the world of film and television. Effective collaboration and feedback are essential in refining your script and elevating its quality.

Working with Producers and Directors

As a scriptwriter, you’ll often work closely with producers and directors who have their own creative visions for the project. Understanding their perspectives and requirements is crucial to making your script production-ready.

Be open to feedback and willing to make revisions based on the director’s vision while also advocating for your creative choices when necessary. A collaborative spirit fosters a positive working relationship and leads to a more cohesive and polished final product.

Joining Writing Teams

Writing teams offer diverse perspectives and brainstorming opportunities. Joining or forming a writing team can enhance your creative process and lead to unique storytelling approaches.

Working within a team allows you to bounce ideas off one another, challenge each other’s assumptions, and collectively refine the script. The collaborative energy often sparks new ideas and leads to stronger, more dynamic scripts.

The Importance of Feedback

Feedback is invaluable in script writing. Embrace critiques and suggestions, as they can help you identify blind spots and improve your work. Constructive feedback can elevate your script to new heights.

Seek feedback from fellow writers, industry professionals, or scriptwriting workshops. Listen to different perspectives and use the feedback to enhance your script’s strengths and address its weaknesses.

Adapting Scripts for Different Mediums

Each storytelling medium comes with its unique strengths and constraints. Adapting your script to suit different mediums is essential in maximizing its impact and reach.

Film Scripts

Film scripts focus on cinematic storytelling, utilizing visual and auditory elements to create a captivating experience. Emphasize vivid descriptions and impactful visuals to immerse the audience in the story.

Consider the use of visual storytelling techniques, such as montage sequences or creative camera angles, to enhance the emotional impact of key scenes. Keep in mind that in film, visuals often speak louder than words.

Television Scripts

Television scripts often involve recurring characters and episodic storytelling. Develop intriguing story arcs and engaging cliffhangers to keep viewers coming back for more.

Keep each episode self-contained while advancing the overarching story arc. Introduce compelling characters with room for growth and development over the course of the series.

Playwriting

Playwriting relies heavily on dialogue and the power of live performance. Embrace the immediacy and intimacy of the stage to create compelling experiences for theatergoers.

In playwriting, dialogue takes center stage. Focus on crafting engaging and emotionally resonant conversations that captivate the audience and bring the characters to life. Consider how the live audience’s reactions and interactions can enhance the experience.

Scriptwriting Software and Tools

In the digital age, scriptwriting software and tools have revolutionized the way scripts are created and managed. These specialized tools offer a plethora of features that streamline the writing process, enhance collaboration, and ensure adherence to industry standards.

Advantages of Specialized Software

Dedicated scriptwriting software provides numerous advantages over using generic word processors. One of the most significant benefits is automatic formatting , ensuring that your script complies with industry standards for fonts, margins, and spacing.

Additionally, scriptwriting software often includes character and scene databases , allowing you to keep track of each character’s dialogue and the locations in your script. This feature proves invaluable when revisiting specific scenes or cross-referencing character interactions.

Revision Tracking and Collaboration

Scriptwriting software simplifies the revision process by enabling version control and tracking changes made by different collaborators. This functionality promotes seamless collaboration among writers, directors, and producers, as they can easily review and comment on the script in real-time.

Collaboration becomes more efficient, as everyone involved can contribute to the script remotely . This flexibility is especially beneficial when team members are located in different geographic regions.

Popular Scriptwriting Tools

Several scriptwriting tools have gained popularity among scriptwriters and the entertainment industry as a whole. Let’s explore some of these widely used tools and their unique features:

Final Draft

Final Draft is considered the industry standard in scriptwriting software. Its user-friendly interface and robust features make it a top choice for screenwriters, playwrights, and television writers alike.

Key features of Final Draft include script formatting, automatic pagination, character highlighting, and revision tracking. The software also offers templates for various script types, such as screenplay, stage play, and television script.

Celtx is a versatile and cost-effective scriptwriting tool that caters to both individual writers and collaborative teams. In addition to scriptwriting, Celtx provides tools for storyboarding, pre-production planning, and budgeting.

Collaboration is seamless with Celtx, allowing team members to work together in real-time. This makes it a preferred choice for multi-disciplinary projects, such as film and video production.

Scrivener is a popular choice among writers of all genres, including scriptwriters. While it is not a dedicated scriptwriting software, its flexible organizational features make it an attractive option for outlining and drafting scripts.

Scrivener allows you to break down your script into manageable scenes and arrange them in a way that suits your creative process. It also offers tools for character and location research, making it a comprehensive writing tool for writers who prefer a more holistic approach.

Copyright and Legal Considerations

Protecting your intellectual property is a vital aspect of scriptwriting. Understanding copyright laws and implementing proper legal considerations ensure that your creative work remains secure and under your control.

Protecting Your Work

As soon as you create your script, it automatically gains copyright protection under intellectual property laws. However, registering your script with the appropriate copyright office adds an extra layer of protection and establishes a legal record of ownership.

In the United States, the United States Copyright Office is responsible for copyright registration. By registering your script, you can seek legal action against anyone who infringes upon your rights as the creator.

Understanding Intellectual Property

Understanding the nuances of intellectual property rights empowers you as a scriptwriter to make informed decisions about your work.

Copyright grants you, as the creator, exclusive rights to reproduce, distribute, perform, and display your script. These rights provide you with control over how your work is used and monetized.

Collaboration Agreements

When collaborating with others on a script, a written agreement is essential to define each party’s contributions, ownership, and compensation. Collaboration agreements, also known as collaboration contracts or joint authorship agreements, ensure clarity and prevent potential disputes in the future.

A well-drafted collaboration agreement outlines the roles and responsibilities of each collaborator, the division of intellectual property rights, how any potential profits or royalties will be shared, and the resolution of conflicts or disagreements.

Congratulations on embarking on the exciting journey of mastering the principles of script writing! From understanding the art of storytelling to adapting your script for different mediums, you have explored the key elements that go into crafting captivating and unforgettable stories.

Remember that script writing is both an art and a craft, and like any art form, it evolves and grows with each script you create. Embrace the creative process, take risks, and be open to continuous learning and improvement.

As you refine your scriptwriting skills, seek inspiration from the works of great storytellers, both classic and contemporary. Observe how they weave intricate narratives, develop multidimensional characters, and evoke emotions in their audiences. Learn from their techniques while staying true to your unique voice and vision.

Embrace the power of storytelling and its ability to connect, entertain, and inspire audiences worldwide. Whether your scripts make people laugh, cry, or question the world around them, know that your words have the potential to leave a lasting impact on hearts and minds.

So, keep writing, keep honing your craft, and most importantly, keep sharing your stories with the world. Happy writing!

Frequently Asked Questions

How long does it take to write a script.

The time it takes to write a script can vary widely depending on factors such as complexity, research required, and personal writing speed. Some writers may complete a script in a few weeks, while others may take several months.

Do I need a formal education to become a successful screenwriter?

While formal education in film or creative writing can be beneficial, it is not a strict requirement. Many successful screenwriters have honed their skills through practice, networking, and learning from other professionals.

Should I stick to one genre or explore different ones?

It’s essential to explore different genres and styles to expand your versatility as a writer. However, if you find a particular genre that resonates with you, don’t hesitate to specialize in it.

How can I protect my script from being stolen?

To protect your script, consider registering it with a copyright office or using a reputable copyright service. Additionally, avoid sharing your work with untrusted individuals or platforms.

Can I write a script based on real events or people?

Writing a script based on real events or people may require additional research and consideration of legal implications. Be sure to respect the privacy and rights of real individuals and seek legal advice if needed.

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How to Write Your Personal Statement | Strategies & Examples

Published on February 12, 2019 by Shona McCombes . Revised on July 3, 2023.

A personal statement is a short essay of around 500–1,000 words, in which you tell a compelling story about who you are, what drives you, and why you’re applying.

To write a successful personal statement for a graduate school application , don’t just summarize your experience; instead, craft a focused narrative in your own voice. Aim to demonstrate three things:

• Your personality: what are your interests, values, and motivations?
• Your talents: what can you bring to the program?
• Your goals: what do you hope the program will do for you?

This article guides you through some winning strategies to build a strong, well-structured personal statement for a master’s or PhD application. You can download the full examples below.

Urban Planning Psychology History

Table of contents

Getting started with your personal statement, the introduction: start with an attention-grabbing opening, the main body: craft your narrative, the conclusion: look ahead, revising, editing, and proofreading your personal statement, frequently asked questions, other interesting articles.

Before you start writing, the first step is to understand exactly what’s expected of you. If the application gives you a question or prompt for your personal statement, the most important thing is to respond to it directly.

For example, you might be asked to focus on the development of your personal identity; challenges you have faced in your life; or your career motivations. This will shape your focus and emphasis—but you still need to find your own unique approach to answering it.

There’s no universal template for a personal statement; it’s your chance to be creative and let your own voice shine through. But there are strategies you can use to build a compelling, well-structured story.

The first paragraph of your personal statement should set the tone and lead smoothly into the story you want to tell.

Strategy 1: Open with a concrete scene

An effective way to catch the reader’s attention is to set up a scene that illustrates something about your character and interests. If you’re stuck, try thinking about:

• A personal experience that changed your perspective
• A story from your family’s history
• A memorable teacher or learning experience
• An unusual or unexpected encounter

To write an effective scene, try to go beyond straightforward description; start with an intriguing sentence that pulls the reader in, and give concrete details to create a convincing atmosphere.

Strategy 2: Open with your motivations

To emphasize your enthusiasm and commitment, you can start by explaining your interest in the subject you want to study or the career path you want to follow.

Just stating that it interests you isn’t enough: first, you need to figure out why you’re interested in this field:

• Is it a longstanding passion or a recent discovery?
• Does it come naturally or have you had to work hard at it?
• How does it fit into the rest of your life?
• What do you think it contributes to society?

Tips for the introduction

• Don’t start on a cliche: avoid phrases like “Ever since I was a child…” or “For as long as I can remember…”
• Do save the introduction for last. If you’re struggling to come up with a strong opening, leave it aside, and note down any interesting ideas that occur to you as you write the rest of the personal statement.

Once you’ve set up the main themes of your personal statement, you’ll delve into more detail about your experiences and motivations.

To structure the body of your personal statement, there are various strategies you can use.

Strategy 1: Describe your development over time

One of the simplest strategies is to give a chronological overview of key experiences that have led you to apply for graduate school.

• What first sparked your interest in the field?
• Which classes, assignments, classmates, internships, or other activities helped you develop your knowledge and skills?
• Where do you want to go next? How does this program fit into your future plans?

Don’t try to include absolutely everything you’ve done—pick out highlights that are relevant to your application. Aim to craft a compelling narrative that shows how you’ve changed and actively developed yourself.

My interest in psychology was first sparked early in my high school career. Though somewhat scientifically inclined, I found that what interested me most was not the equations we learned about in physics and chemistry, but the motivations and perceptions of my fellow students, and the subtle social dynamics that I observed inside and outside the classroom. I wanted to learn how our identities, beliefs, and behaviours are shaped through our interactions with others, so I decided to major in Social Psychology. My undergraduate studies deepened my understanding of, and fascination with, the interplay between an individual mind and its social context.During my studies, I acquired a solid foundation of knowledge about concepts like social influence and group dynamics, but I also took classes on various topics not strictly related to my major. I was particularly interested in how other fields intersect with psychology—the classes I took on media studies, biology, and literature all enhanced my understanding of psychological concepts by providing different lenses through which to look at the issues involved.

Strategy 2: Own your challenges and obstacles

If your path to graduate school hasn’t been easy or straightforward, you can turn this into a strength, and structure your personal statement as a story of overcoming obstacles.

• Is your social, cultural or economic background underrepresented in the field? Show how your experiences will contribute a unique perspective.
• Do you have gaps in your resume or lower-than-ideal grades? Explain the challenges you faced and how you dealt with them.

Don’t focus too heavily on negatives, but use them to highlight your positive qualities. Resilience, resourcefulness and perseverance make you a promising graduate school candidate.

Growing up working class, urban decay becomes depressingly familiar. The sight of a row of abandoned houses does not surprise me, but it continues to bother me. Since high school, I have been determined to pursue a career in urban planning. While people of my background experience the consequences of urban planning decisions first-hand, we are underrepresented in the field itself. Ironically, given my motivation, my economic background has made my studies challenging. I was fortunate enough to be awarded a scholarship for my undergraduate studies, but after graduation I took jobs in unrelated fields to help support my parents. In the three years since, I have not lost my ambition. Now I am keen to resume my studies, and I believe I can bring an invaluable perspective to the table: that of the people most impacted by the decisions of urban planners.

Strategy 3: Demonstrate your knowledge of the field

Especially if you’re applying for a PhD or another research-focused program, it’s a good idea to show your familiarity with the subject and the department. Your personal statement can focus on the area you want to specialize in and reflect on why it matters to you.

• Reflect on the topics or themes that you’ve focused on in your studies. What draws you to them?
• Discuss any academic achievements, influential teachers, or other highlights of your education.
• Talk about the questions you’d like to explore in your research and why you think they’re important.

The personal statement isn’t a research proposal , so don’t go overboard on detail—but it’s a great opportunity to show your enthusiasm for the field and your capacity for original thinking.

In applying for this research program, my intention is to build on the multidisciplinary approach I have taken in my studies so far, combining knowledge from disparate fields of study to better understand psychological concepts and issues. The Media Psychology program stands out to me as the perfect environment for this kind of research, given its researchers’ openness to collaboration across diverse fields. I am impressed by the department’s innovative interdisciplinary projects that focus on the shifting landscape of media and technology, and I hope that my own work can follow a similarly trailblazing approach. More specifically, I want to develop my understanding of the intersection of psychology and media studies, and explore how media psychology theories and methods might be applied to neurodivergent minds. I am interested not only in media psychology but also in psychological disorders, and how the two interact. This is something I touched on during my undergraduate studies and that I’m excited to delve into further.

Strategy 4: Discuss your professional ambitions

Especially if you’re applying for a more professionally-oriented program (such as an MBA), it’s a good idea to focus on concrete goals and how the program will help you achieve them.

• If your career is just getting started, show how your character is suited to the field, and explain how graduate school will help you develop your talents.
• If you have already worked in the profession, show what you’ve achieved so far, and explain how the program will allow you to take the next step.
• If you are planning a career change, explain what has driven this decision and how your existing experience will help you succeed.

Don’t just state the position you want to achieve. You should demonstrate that you’ve put plenty of thought into your career plans and show why you’re well-suited to this profession.

One thing that fascinated me about the field during my undergraduate studies was the sheer number of different elements whose interactions constitute a person’s experience of an urban environment. Any number of factors could transform the scene I described at the beginning: What if there were no bus route? Better community outreach in the neighborhood? Worse law enforcement? More or fewer jobs available in the area? Some of these factors are out of the hands of an urban planner, but without taking them all into consideration, the planner has an incomplete picture of their task. Through further study I hope to develop my understanding of how these disparate elements combine and interact to create the urban environment. I am interested in the social, psychological and political effects our surroundings have on our lives. My studies will allow me to work on projects directly affecting the kinds of working-class urban communities I know well. I believe I can bring my own experiences, as well as my education, to bear upon the problem of improving infrastructure and quality of life in these communities.

Tips for the main body

• Don’t rehash your resume by trying to summarize everything you’ve done so far; the personal statement isn’t about listing your academic or professional experience, but about reflecting, evaluating, and relating it to broader themes.
• Do make your statements into stories: Instead of saying you’re hard-working and self-motivated, write about your internship where you took the initiative to start a new project. Instead of saying you’ve always loved reading, reflect on a novel or poem that changed your perspective.

Your conclusion should bring the focus back to the program and what you hope to get out of it, whether that’s developing practical skills, exploring intellectual questions, or both.

Emphasize the fit with your specific interests, showing why this program would be the best way to achieve your aims.

Strategy 1: What do you want to know?

If you’re applying for a more academic or research-focused program, end on a note of curiosity: what do you hope to learn, and why do you think this is the best place to learn it?

If there are specific classes or faculty members that you’re excited to learn from, this is the place to express your enthusiasm.

Strategy 2: What do you want to do?

If you’re applying for a program that focuses more on professional training, your conclusion can look to your career aspirations: what role do you want to play in society, and why is this program the best choice to help you get there?

Tips for the conclusion

• Don’t summarize what you’ve already said. You have limited space in a personal statement, so use it wisely!
• Do think bigger than yourself: try to express how your individual aspirations relate to your local community, your academic field, or society more broadly. It’s not just about what you’ll get out of graduate school, but about what you’ll be able to give back.

You’ll be expected to do a lot of writing in graduate school, so make a good first impression: leave yourself plenty of time to revise and polish the text.

Your style doesn’t have to be as formal as other kinds of academic writing, but it should be clear, direct and coherent. Make sure that each paragraph flows smoothly from the last, using topic sentences and transitions to create clear connections between each part.

Don’t be afraid to rewrite and restructure as much as necessary. Since you have a lot of freedom in the structure of a personal statement, you can experiment and move information around to see what works best.

Finally, it’s essential to carefully proofread your personal statement and fix any language errors. Before you submit your application, consider investing in professional personal statement editing . For $150, you have the peace of mind that your personal statement is grammatically correct, strong in term of your arguments, and free of awkward mistakes.

A statement of purpose is usually more formal, focusing on your academic or professional goals. It shouldn’t include anything that isn’t directly relevant to the application.

A personal statement can often be more creative. It might tell a story that isn’t directly related to the application, but that shows something about your personality, values, and motivations.

However, both types of document have the same overall goal: to demonstrate your potential as a graduate student and s how why you’re a great match for the program.

The typical length of a personal statement for graduate school applications is between 500 and 1,000 words.

Different programs have different requirements, so always check if there’s a minimum or maximum length and stick to the guidelines. If there is no recommended word count, aim for no more than 1-2 pages.

If you’re applying to multiple graduate school programs, you should tailor your personal statement to each application.

Some applications provide a prompt or question. In this case, you might have to write a new personal statement from scratch: the most important task is to respond to what you have been asked.

If there’s no prompt or guidelines, you can re-use the same idea for your personal statement – but change the details wherever relevant, making sure to emphasize why you’re applying to this specific program.

If the application also includes other essays, such as a statement of purpose , you might have to revise your personal statement to avoid repeating the same information.

If you want to know more about college essays , academic writing , and AI tools , make sure to check out some of our other language articles with explanations, examples, and quizzes.

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Screenwriting personal statement example.

I believe that my greatest strength is my vivid imagination. From a young age I have been fortunate enough to be able to create new worlds and characters for stories. .I have been inspired by Jasper Fforde's style of wit and wordplay in the “Literary Detective” and “Nursery Crime” series of books.

I have also been inspired by Russell T. Davis's combination of drama and comedy that made the recent resurrection of Doctor Who such a success.

This course appeals to me because I enjoy writing and using my imagination. I think that this course specifically appeals to me because it covers different genres of film and television writing, so I can learn about genres that I haven't had a chance to explore before. I understand that working I the media is a very competitive industry, however I am determined to succeed.

I think that this course will help me to succeed and offer me opportunities to further my understanding of the way that language in this media text can influence and inspire people.

I have really enjoyed college so far. Although I was concerned at the beginning about choosing mostly subjects with a creative core, I think that it was correct to follow my passion for these subjects as they have enhanced my imagination and given me confidence in my ideas and my ability to share them with other people.

Subjects such as English Language have taught me the importance of choosing the right vocabulary in a piece of text and that the correct wording of a text can give it more meaning and powerful imagery.

Extra-curricular activities such as being part of the leavers ball committee has helped me to develop skills such as team-work, people skills and the ability to work to a deadline.

Currently I am a 4th Kyu Karate which I gained through dedication to the club, hard-work and determination. I have developed my confidence, respect, dedication, determination and leadership skills. I have also been able to develop these skills in my job. It has pushed me outside my comfort zone by making me work closely with new people and people that I would not work with if given the choice.

Balancing my job, my Karate and my A-level work has been a challenge, however I have managed it by becoming a more organised person.

The achievement that I am most proud of is having a poem published when I was 13. This gave me a sense of achievement and pride because it gave me confidence in my ability to be able to write something that other people want to read.

As soon as I began my Media Studies and English Language courses I knew that I wanted to write for some medium of media. The feedback I received from my English Language coursework script reinforced my desire to become a scriptwriter. I enjoyed the time I spent writing and editing the script. I want to study scriptwriting at a university standard because I want to further my understanding of the power that language has in this area of the media.

Profile info

This personal statement was written by Melloney for application in 2009.

Melloney's Comments

I thought I would upload my personal statement as there was none for screenwriting. It's not the best that I've ever read, however it got me into all of my university choices including Bournemouth. Good louck everyone.

Related Personal Statements

Cool thanks.

Sat, 19/09/2009 - 15:29

Thank you so much i was struggling with writing a personal statement but yours helped me ( dont worry i didnt copy and anway i couldnt because of the UCAS checking system)

You are the best

Mon, 03/10/2011 - 08:53

You are my lucky star! I am applying to exactly that course and I did not found any examples of screenwriting until you showed up! Thank you thank you!

Thanks this had been really

Mon, 10/10/2011 - 16:15

Thanks this had been really helpful. My statment has to be in next thursday :) Just wanted to know, have you had much success as a writer?

Add new comment

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When Your Screenplay Meets Story Development

Zara Altair

Story development encompasses everything from your story idea to working script to final edits. In the beginning, the script is your responsibility. You will be the one fleshing out characters and solidifying the plot, and it’s your vision that drives you to complete your script.

If you are writing a script on spec (speculation), focus on creating your best story possible. But, keep in mind that many people will have input into what shows up on the screen. Your story will go through many changes. You may be involved in all the steps—or not. What you create is a framework for all the people involved to create a visual story.

Development notes from many production angles may change your story radically. Working with others and meeting story development requests requires a tough skin and collaboration skills.

Story Development Is Writer Development

Pre-sale development, post-sale development, write, collaborate, keep writing.

While you’ve locked yourself away working alone on your script, you’ve been in control. Once your script is sold, you become part of a team—a large team. Your success will depend on your ability to work with the script notes you receive from a diverse array of people involved in production. From investors, to actors, to location managers, everyone will have suggestions for tweaks and changes. Some will be small, others will involve major changes.

As you work with the team, you’ll develop a reputation that has little to do with writing. Your reputation will turn positive or negative, depending on how well you work with other members. That means listening, responding professionally, and making changes.

Screenwriting is a collaborative job. As your story goes through development changes, boost your career by being a collaborative part of the team.

Script development has one final goal—to get your story commercially viable ready for industry circulation, subsequent production, distribution, and exhibition. Aligning your story vision with the world of production is part of your role in story development.

Let’s look at how story development progresses as your script goes through pre-sale to post-sale.

The story starts with an idea. The first stage of pre-sale is you writing the script. It’s all the drafts and revisions you make to the script, honing it to meet industry standards: adding dialogue, trimming action, deleting dialogue, beefing up action, creating a story arc and arcs for the subplots, and using proper formatting to make your story understandable in the film world.

Before you do your final edits to the script, work on your marketing. These are the tools you’ll use to create interest in your script. Design each one to create interest in the full script.

• Premise : A two-sentence statement about the genre, protagonist, stakes, and goals of the story.
• Logline : A one-sentence (or possibly two-sentence) hook that conveys the essence of your story that conveys the high concept, the tone, and core emotion of your premise. Find your complete guide to writing a stellar logline here.
• One-page : A one-page synopsis or overview with the logline, the setup, and the ending. It serves as a quick follow-up to a conversation or pitch. Match the tone to the genre. Include a visual.
• Treatment/Synopsis : A document that presents the story idea of the film. Written in narrative prose, highlighting the most important information: title, logline, story summary, and character descriptions.

Many writers start with the logline once they have their story idea. They do this to keep the story focus as they write. Other writers create a scene-by-scene synopsis, so they have an overview of the story before they start writing the script.

PRO TIP : Watch this ProWritingAid interview with Story Development Consultant Jeff Lyons as he conducts a logline lab for screenwriters. He outlines what goes into a logline and how to make the hook implicit.

The next step is getting your material in front of eyes. This stage is your pre-sale marketing. Memorize your logline. This is when it turns into an “elevator pitch,” helping you know precisely what to say, get to the point and generate interest in the story.

Start your collaborative journey by working with an independent script consultant. Submit your script for evaluation. Then, pay attention to the notes. The script consultant understands the industry. Their feedback will give you an idea of how your script fits into the industry. More importantly, your emotional response to the notes and your willingness to revisit your script and make suggested changes is powerful training for what’s to come in your screenwriting career.

You want to build industry awareness. You may commission posters and marketing materials, secure media opportunities with key cast and crew, or create a proof-of-concept video depicting key scenes and the feel of the story.

If a producer sees potential, they may option your story and then pay you for a rewrite or a polish. Established screenwriters with a proven track record may get their ideas purchased from a pitch, and then they are paid to develop the screenplay, including multiple rewrites and polishes.

Once you’ve sold your script, story development depends on input from a variety of people from producers to actors cast for the project and everyone in between. At any point along the way, requests can clash with your original vision. These development “recommendations” can lead to the infamous development hell.

Developmental notes fall into two major categories: logistical and creative.

Logistical Changes

Your story vision can meet the harsh reality of production costs. The line producer tells the producer that your fantastic surfing scene when the hero returns victorious and the girl who dumped him sees him in a new light needs to go because insurance costs skyrocket when actors are in the ocean water.

Most logistical notes for changes to your screenplay are business and practical changes. These include altering or removing locales, special effects, difficult shots, excessive or expensive cast, and stunts.

Experienced screenwriters know some of these pitfalls and write around them. If this is your first screenplay, go through the script looking for scenes that might add production challenges.

A new and significant investor may ask for a rewrite. Be prepared for requests to substantially alter the plot and structure. And I mean substantial, to the point of the story becoming almost unrecognizable from your original construct. Or they may ask for tweaks or polish on an idea, changes not to the idea itself but to the execution.

Creative Changes

Meetings send your script into the world of design by committee. Nuanced change suggestions come from a variety of sources, from both cast and crew. From technical suggestions to character arc, be prepared to meet new challenges to “fix” your script.

Almost everyone will have something to say about your script. There may be an in-house script editor and a development exec. The producer for the first production company to come on board will give you notes. As other producers join and commit money, they’ll expect a say in the script as well.

Actors may have ideas about how the character should change during the course of the story. Or mid-career or seasoned actors may want to change the “image” of a character to meet their fans’ expectations. These considerations have nothing to do with the quality of your writing, but you will be asked to make changes.

Directors may have a different vision of your story, and ask for creative changes to enhance their vision of how the film progresses. Hope for a director whose vision meshes with yours. But that isn’t always the case.

Be prepared for anything. The production can stall, sometimes for years, at any point. Or, in television, a well-written series with ardent fans like Josh Whedon’s Firefly can be canceled. Again, these actions have little to do with your writing ability.

Story development is a process. It’s a long and multi-faceted endeavor to get your story to the screen. In film and television, the process involves many people. Your career depends on receiving notes with aplomb and doing your best to respond.

Defending your position on a story note is up to you. You don’t need to follow every recommendation. On the other hand, be prepared to work as a collaborative team member, responding professionally and writing revisions that add to the overall value for the production.

Understanding the collaborative framework and learning to work with diverse ideas strengthens your scriptwriting career. When you know what lies ahead, you’ll be prepared to work on your script in story development as it heads toward production.

Also, especially in the film world, be prepared to hand off your story. Script analyst Hayley McKenzie prepared screenwriters with this advice in her article The Screenwriter’s Survival Guide to Production :

The chances of a screenwriter, even a successful one, being fired or replaced on their own original work are incredibly high…

Keep in mind that your script is the framework for others to use. Producers, directors, actors, script editors, line producers, and others in the production world will all have a slant on how to interpret the script and bring it to life on the screen.

Grow your career, and keep writing.

Do you know how to craft memorable, compelling characters? Find out in this free eBook :

Be confident about grammar

Check every email, essay, or story for grammar mistakes. Fix them before you press send.

Zara Altair writes traditional mysteries set in ancient Italy under Ostrogoths rule in The Argolicus Mysteries. She teaches mystery screenwriters and novelists at Write A Killer Mystery. She creates semantic web content for a select clientele.

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How to Create a Personal Development Plan: 3 Examples

For successful change, it is vital that the client remains engaged, recognizing and identifying with the goals captured inside and outside sessions. A personal development plan (PDP) creates a focus for development while offering a guide for life and future success (Starr, 2021).

This article introduces and explores the value of personal development plans, offering tools, worksheets, and approaches to boost self-reflection and self-improvement.

Before you continue, we thought you might like to download our three Goal Achievement Exercises for free . These detailed, science-based exercises will help you or your clients create actionable goals and master techniques to create lasting behavior change.

This Article Contains

What is personal development 7 theories, coaching in personal development and growth, how to create a personal development plan, 3 examples of personal development plans, defining goals and objectives: 10 tips and tools, fostering personal development skills, 3 inspiring books to read on the topic, resources from positivepsychology.com, a take-home message, frequently asked questions.

Personal development is a fundamental concept in psychology and encompasses the lifelong process of self-improvement, self-awareness, and personal growth. Crucial to coaching and counseling, it aims to enhance various aspects of clients’ lives, including their emotional wellbeing, relationships, careers, and overall happiness (Cox, 2018; Starr, 2021).

Several psychological models underpin and support transformation. Together, they help us understand personal development in our clients and the mechanisms and approaches available to make positive life changes (Cox, 2018; Passmore, 2021).

The following psychological theories and frameworks underpin and influence the approach a mental health professional adopts.

1. Maslow’s hierarchy of needs

As a proponent of the humanistic or person-centered approach to helping people, Abraham Maslow (1970) suggested that individuals have a hierarchy of needs. Simply put, they begin with basic physiological and safety needs and progress through psychological and self-fulfillment needs.

Personal development is often found in or recognized by the pursuit of higher-level needs, such as self-esteem and self-actualization (Cox, 2018).

2. Erikson’s psychosocial development

Erik Erikson (1963) mapped out a series of eight psychosocial development stages that individuals go through across their lifespan.

Each one involves challenges and crises that once successfully navigated, contribute to personal growth and identity development.

3. Piaget’s cognitive development

The biologist and epistemologist Jean Piaget (1959) focused on cognitive development in children and how they construct their understanding of the world.

We can draw on insights from Piaget’s stages of cognitive development, including intellectual growth and adaptability, to inform our own and others’ personal development (Illeris, 2018).

4. Bandura’s social cognitive theory

Albert Bandura’s (1977) theory highlights the role of social learning and self-efficacy in personal development. It emphasizes that individuals can learn and grow through observation, imitation, and belief in their ability to effect change.

5. Self-determination theory

Ryan and Deci’s (2018) motivational self-determination theory recognizes the importance of autonomy, competence, and relatedness in personal development.

Their approach suggests that individuals are more likely to experience growth and wellbeing when such basic psychological needs are met.

6. Positive psychology

Positive psychology , developed by Martin Seligman (2011) and others, focuses on strengths, wellbeing, and the pursuit of happiness.

Seligman’s PERMA model offers a framework for personal development that emphasizes identifying and using our strengths while cultivating positive emotions and experiences (Lomas et al., 2014).

7. Cognitive-Behavioral Theory (CBT)

Developed by Aaron Beck (Beck & Haigh, 2014) and Albert Ellis (2000), CBT explores the relationship between thoughts, emotions, and behavior.

As such, the theory provides practical techniques for personal development, helping individuals identify and challenge negative thought patterns and behaviors (Beck, 2011).

Theories like the seven mentioned above offer valuable insights into many of the psychological processes underlying personal development. They provide a sound foundation for coaches and counselors to support their clients and help them better understand themselves, their motivations, and the paths they can take to foster positive change in their lives (Cox, 2018).

The client–coach relationship is significant to successful growth and goal achievement.

Typically, the coach will focus on the following (Cox, 2018):

• Actualizing tendency This supports a “universal human motivation resulting in growth, development and autonomy of the individual” (Cox, 2018, p. 53).
• Building a relationship facilitating change Trust clients to find their own way while displaying empathy, congruence, and unconditional positive regard . The coach’s “outward responses consistently match their inner feelings towards a client,” and they display a warm acceptance that they are being how they need to be (Passmore, 2021, p. 162).
• Adopting a positive psychological stance Recognize that the client has the potential and wish to become fully functioning (Cox, 2018).

Effective coaching for personal growth involves adopting and committing to a series of beliefs that remind the coach that the “coachee is responsible for the results they create” (Starr, 2021, p. 18) and help them recognize when they may be avoiding this idea.

The following principles are, therefore, helpful for coaching personal development and growth (Starr, 2021).

• Stay committed to supporting the client. While initially strong, you may experience factors that reduce your sense of support for the individual’s challenges.
• Coach nonjudgmentally. Our job is not to adopt a stance based on personal beliefs or judgment of others, but to help our clients form connections between behavior and results.
• Maintain integrity, openness, and trust. The client must feel safe in your company and freely able to express themselves.
• Responsibility does not equal blame. Clients who take on blame rather than responsibility will likely feel worse about something without acknowledging their influence on the situation.
• The client can achieve better results. The client is always capable of doing and achieving more, especially in relation to their goals.
• Focus on clients’ thoughts and experiences. Collaborative coaching is about supporting the growth and development of the client, getting them to where they want to go.
• Clients can arrive at perfect solutions. “As a coach, you win when someone else does” (Starr, 2021, p. 34). The solution needs to be the client’s, not yours.
• Coach as an equal partnership. Explore the way forward together collaboratively rather than from a parental or advisory perspective.

Creating a supportive and nonjudgmental environment helps clients explore their thoughts, feelings, and goals, creating an environment for personal development and flourishing (Passmore, 2021).

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A personal development plan is a powerful document “to create mutual clarity of the aims and focus of a coaching assignment” (Starr, 2021, p. 291). While it is valuable during coaching, it can also capture a client’s way forward once sessions have ended.

Crucially, it should have the following characteristics (Starr, 2021):

• Short and succinct
• Providing a quick reference or point of discussion
• Current and fresh, regularly revised and updated

Key elements of a personal development plan include the following (Starr, 2021):

• Area of development This is the general skill or competence to be worked on.
• Development objectives or goals What does the client want to do? Examples might include reducing stress levels, improving diet, or managing work–life balance .
• Behaviors to develop These comprise what the client will probably do more of when meeting their objectives, for example, practicing better coping mechanisms, eating more healthily, and better managing their day.
• Actions to create progress What must the client do to action their objectives? For example, arrange a date to meet with their manager, sign up for a fitness class, or meet with a nutritionist.
• Date to complete or review the objective Capture the dates for completing actions, meeting objectives, and checking progress.

Check out Lindsey Cooper’s excellent video for helpful guidance on action planning within personal development.

We can write and complete personal development plans in many ways. Ultimately, they should meet the needs of the client and leave them with a sense of connection to and ownership of their journey ahead (Starr, 2021).

• Personal Development Plan – Areas of Development In this PDP , we draw on guidance from Starr (2021) to capture development opportunities and the behaviors and actions needed to achieve them.
• Personal Development Plan – Opportunities for Development This template combines short- and long-term goal setting with a self-assessment of strengths, weaknesses, and development opportunities.
• Personal Development Plan – Ideal Self In this PDP template , we focus on our vision of how our ideal self looks and setting goals to get there.

“The setting of a goal becomes the catalyst that drives the remainder of the coaching conversation.”

Passmore, 2021, p. 80

Defining goals and objectives is crucial to many coaching conversations and is usually seen as essential for personal development.

Check out this video on how you can design your life with your personal goals in mind.

The following coaching templates are helpful, containing a series of questions to complete Whitmore’s (2009) GROW model :

• G stands for Goal : Where do you want to be?
• R stands for Reality : Where are you right now with this goal?
• O stands for Options : What are some options for reaching your goal?
• W stands for Way forward : What is your first step forward?

Goal setting creates both direction and motivation for clients to work toward achieving something and meeting their objectives (Passmore, 2021).

The SMART goal-setting framework is another popular tool inside coaching and elsewhere.

S = Specific M = Measurable A = Attainable/ or Agreed upon R = Realistic T = Timely – allowing enough time for achievement

The SMART+ Goals Worksheet contains a series of prompts and spaces for answers to define goals and capture the steps toward achieving them.

We can summarize the five principles of goal setting (Passmore, 2021) as follows:

• Goals must be clear and not open to interpretation.
• Goals should be stretching yet achievable.
• Clients must buy in to the goal from the outset.
• Feedback is essential to keep the client on track.
• Goals should be relatively straightforward. We can break down complex ones into manageable subgoals.

The following insightful articles are also helpful for setting and working toward goals.

• What Is Goal Setting and How to Do it Well
• The Science & Psychology of Goal-Setting 101

1. People skills

Improving how we work with others benefits confidence, and with other’s support, we are more likely to achieve our objectives and goals. The following people skills can all be improved upon:

• Developing rapport
• Assertiveness and negotiation
• Giving and receiving constructive criticism

2. Managing tasks and problem-solving

Inevitably, we encounter challenges on our path to development and growth. Managing our activities and time and solving issues as they surface are paramount.

Here are a few guidelines to help you manage:

• Organize time and tasks effectively.
• Learn fundamental problem-solving strategies.
• Select and apply problem-solving strategies to tackle more complex tasks and challenges.
• Develop planning skills, including identifying priorities, setting achievable targets, and finding practical solutions.
• Acquire skills relevant to project management.
• Familiarize yourself with concepts such as performance indicators and benchmarking.
• Conduct self-audits to assess and enhance your personal competitiveness.

3. Cultivate confidence in your creative abilities

Confidence energizes our performance. Knowing we can perform creatively encourages us to develop novel solutions and be motivated to transform.

Consider the following:

• Understand the fundamentals of how the mind works to enhance your thinking skills.
• Explore a variety of activities to sharpen your creative thinking.
• Embrace the belief that creativity is not limited to artists and performers but is crucial for problem-solving and task completion.
• Learn to ignite the spark of creativity that helps generate innovative ideas when needed.
• Apply creative thinking techniques to enhance your problem-solving and task completion abilities.
• Recognize the role of creative thinking in finding the right ideas at the right time.

To aid you in building your confidence, we have a whole category of articles focused on Optimism and Mindset . Be sure to browse it for confidence-building inspiration.

With new techniques and technology, our understanding of the human brain continues to evolve. Identifying the vital elements involved in learning and connecting with others offers deep insights into how we function and develop as social beings. We handpicked a small but unique selection of books we believe you will enjoy.

1. The Coaching Manual: The Definitive Guide to the Process, Principles and Skills of Personal Coaching – Julie Starr

This insightful book explores and explains the coaching journey from start to finish.

Starr’s book offers a range of free resources and gives clear guidance to support new and existing coaches in providing practical help to their clients.

Find the book on Amazon .

2. The Big Leap: Conquer Your Hidden Fear and Take Life to the Next Level – Gay Hendricks

Delving into the “zone of genius” and the “zone of excellence,” Hendricks examines personal growth and our path to personal success.

This valuable book explores how we eliminate the barriers to reaching our goals that arise from false beliefs and fears.

3. The Gifts of Imperfection: Let Go of Who You Think You’re Supposed to Be and Embrace Who You Are – Brené Brown

Brown, a leading expert on shame, vulnerability, and authenticity, examines how we can engage with the world from a place of worthiness.

Use this book to learn how to build courage and compassion and realize the behaviors, skills, and mindset that lead to personal development.

We have many resources available for fostering personal development and supporting client transformation and growth.

Our free resources include:

• Goal Planning and Achievement Tracker This is a valuable worksheet for capturing and reflecting on weekly goals while tracking emotions that surface.
• Adopt a Growth Mindset Successful change is often accompanied by replacing a fixed mindset with a growth one .
• FIRST Framework Questions Understanding a client’s developmental stage can help offer the most appropriate support for a career change.

More extensive versions of the following tools are available with a subscription to the Positive Psychology Toolkit© , but they are described briefly below:

• Backward Goal Planning

Setting goals can build confidence and the skills for ongoing personal development.

Backward goal planning helps focus on the end goal, prevent procrastination, and decrease stress by ensuring we have enough time to complete each task.

Try out the following four simple steps:

• Step one – Identify and visualize your end goal.
• Step two – Reflect on and capture the steps required to reach the goal.
• Step three – Focus on each step one by one.
• Step four – Take action and record progress.
• Boosting Motivation by Celebrating Micro Successes

Celebrating the small successes on our journey toward our goals is motivating and confidence building.

Practice the following:

• Step one – Reflect momentarily on the goal you are working toward.
• Step two – Consider each action being taken to reach that goal.
• Step three – Record the completion of each action as a success.
• Step four – Choose how to celebrate each success.

If you’re looking for more science-based ways to help others reach their goals, check out this collection of 17 validated motivation & goal achievement tools for practitioners. Use them to help others turn their dreams into reality by applying the latest science-based behavioral change techniques.

17 Tools To Increase Motivation and Goal Achievement

These 17 Motivation & Goal Achievement Exercises [PDF] contain all you need to help others set meaningful goals, increase self-drive, and experience greater accomplishment and life satisfaction.

Created by Experts. 100% Science-based.

Personal development has a rich and long history. It is underpinned by various psychological theories and remains a vital aspect of creating fulfilling lives inside and outside coaching and counseling.

For many of us, self-improvement, self-awareness, and personal growth are vital aspects of who we are. Coaching can provide a vehicle to help clients along their journey, supporting their sense of autonomy and confidence and highlighting their potential (Cox, 2018).

Working with clients, therefore, requires an open, honest, and supportive relationship. The coach or counselor must believe the client can achieve better results and view them nonjudgmentally as equal partners.

Personal development plans become essential to that relationship and the overall coaching process. They capture areas for development, skills and behaviors required, and goals and objectives to work toward.

Use this article to recognize theoretical elements from psychology that underpin the process and use the skills, guidance, and worksheets to support personal development in clients, helping them remove obstacles along the way.

Ultimately, personal development is a lifelong process that boosts wellbeing and flourishing and creates a richer, more engaging environment for the individual and those around them.

We hope you enjoyed reading this article. Don’t forget to download our three Goal Achievement Exercises for free .

Personal development is vital, as it enables individuals to enhance various aspects of their lives, including emotional wellbeing, relationships, careers, and overall happiness.

It promotes self-awareness, self-improvement, and personal growth, helping individuals reach their full potential and lead fulfilling lives (Passmore, 2021; Starr, 2021).

Personal development is the journey we take to improve ourselves through conscious habits and activities and focusing on the goals that are important to us.

Personal development goals are specific objectives individuals set to improve themselves and their lives. Goals can encompass various areas, such as emotional intelligence, skill development, health, and career advancement, providing direction and motivation for personal growth (Cox, 2018; Starr, 2021).

A personal development plan typically comprises defining the area of development, setting development objectives, identifying behaviors to develop, planning actions for progress, and establishing completion dates. These five stages help individuals clarify their goals and track their progress (Starr, 2021).

• Bandura, A. (1977). Social learning theory . Prentice-Hall.
• Beck, A. T., & Haigh, E. P. (2014). Advances in cognitive therapy and therapy: The generic cognitive model. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology , 10 , 1–24.
• Beck, J. S. (2011). Cognitive behavior therapy: Basics and beyond . Guilford Press.
• Cottrell, S. (2015). Skills for success: Personal development and employability . Bloomsbury Academic.
• Cox, E. (2018). The complete handbook of coaching . SAGE.
• Ellis, A. (2000). Can rational emotive behavior therapy (REBT) be effectively used with people who have devout beliefs in God and religion? Professional Psychology-Research and Practice , 31 (1), 29–33.
• Erikson, E. H. (1963). Youth: Change and challenge . Basic Books.
• Illeris, K. (2018). An overview of the history of learning theory. European Journal of Education , 53 (1), 86–101.
• Lomas, T., Hefferon, K., & Ivtzan, I. (2014). Applied positive psychology: Integrated positive practice . SAGE.
• Maslow, A. H. (1970). Motivation and personalit y (2nd ed.). Harper & Row.
• Passmore, J. (Ed.). (2021). The coaches’ handbook: The complete practitioner guide for professional coaches . Routledge.
• Piaget, J. (1959): The Psychology of intelligence . Routledge.
• Rose, C. (2018). The personal development group: The students’ guide . Routledge.
• Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2018). Self-determination theory: Basic psychological needs in motivation, development, and wellness . Guilford Press.
• Seligman, M. E. (2011). Authentic happiness using the new positive psychology to realize your potential for lasting fulfillment . Nicholas Brealey.
• Starr, J. (2021). The coaching manual: The definitive guide to the process, principles and skills of personal coaching . Harlow: Pearson Education.
• Whitmore, J. (2009). Coaching for performance . Nicholas Brealey.

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Essays About Development: Top 5 Examples and 10 Prompts

Would you like to develop your writing skills? Our essays about development plus enriching prompts can help with this goal. 

Mahatma Gandhi once said, “constant development is the law of life.” Hence, the best way to succeed in life is to conform to this law. Once we do, we embrace the vast opportunities and surprises in the never-ending development cycle. Development, whether within ourselves, in a certain field, or the greater world we live in, requires allocating various resources in the form of time, action, and even financial capital. 

5 Essay Examples

1. why intersectional feminism matters for development by aviva stein, 2. how video games are made: the game development process by nadia stefyn, 3. why industrial development matters now more than ever before by li yong, 4. bangladesh really is a climate success story by joyashree roy, 5. what role does culture play in development by augusto lopez-claros, 1. my personal development goals, 2. importance of socialization in childhood development, 3. effects of the digital age on intellectual development, 4. economic growth vs. economic development, 5. united nations’ sustainable development goals, 6. urban development, 7. keeping pace with technological development, 8. winning strategies for career development, 9. challenges and perks of a business development manager, 10. education in development.

“Using an intersectional feminist lens to dig deeper into the factors that affect and hinder efforts for equality also allows us as development professionals to design programs, interventions, and support systems that aim to dismantle systems of inequality.”

This essay looks into intersectional feminism and the importance of inclusion. “Intersectional” means recognizing how different people live different experiences. Integrating an intersectional lens in feminist development work enables experts to design and implement programs that address inequality effectively. You might also be interested in these essays about bad habits .

“Much like a production line, the game development pipeline helps organize the flow of work so that everyone knows what they need to deliver and when. The pipeline also helps manage the game development timeline and budget, reducing inefficiencies and bottlenecks.”

This essay walks readers through the video game development process while also introducing the different critical players of the ecosystem. Overall, the piece provides budding game developers with a comprehensive resource on the basics of the industry. 

“Economists of the 20th century noted that a thriving industrial sector was crucial to the development of a modern economy, and in 2010, Cambridge economist Ha-Joon Chang observed that development without industrialization is like Shakespeare’s Hamlet without the Prince of Denmark.”

Creating a narrative out of data, this essay underscores the need to push for industrialization to further economies’ development. It sheds light on the myriad benefits of manufacturing on social development but also confronts the environmental challenges of the sector. 

Looking for more? Check out these essays about empathy and essays about gratitude .

“In the 50 years since the Bhola cyclone, the nation has carved out a path to development thanks to natural gas. Turning away from that path precipitously would strand the nation’s fossil-fuel assets and undermine its hard-won sovereignty and development gains.”

The essay demonstrates the determination of Bangladesh to bounce back from one of the deadliest cyclones in history. Now the fastest-growing economy in South Asia, Bangladesh marks a unique development journey that runs against the popular belief of patterning development strategies after those of more developed countries in the West. You might also like these essays about your mom .

“Development is not only about reducing poverty and expanding opportunities against the background of rising incomes. It is also in a very fundamental way about adopting a set of values that are compatible with humanity’s moral development.”

Integrating culture in discussions about development has been a longstanding challenge. But this essay points out that we might have been misled to categorize some development factors as cultural and, as a result, missed out on the proper way to resolve problems at their roots.

10 Unique Writing Prompts On Essays About Development

Whether it be acquiring a second language or graduating college with flying colors, use this essay to discuss your personal development goals and proudly share your progress in putting them into action. And then, write a commitment to keep sight of your personal development goals and what you think you should do more to achieve them in the most efficient way you can.

Socialization helps kids learn how to take turns and manage conflicts that arise from their play and interactions with other kids. Look for the latest research studies that show how the development of social skills relates to a child’s overall physical, intellectual, and emotional development.

Then, list the challenges in helping kids socialize more, given how gadgets are becoming a kid’s best friend for entertainment. Finally, include solutions and consider how society can encourage kids to have positive socialization experiences.

Digital technologies have certainly enabled wide-scale access to information and data that can expand our horizons. However, they also discourage the exercise of cognitive and analytical skills because the information is served on a silver platter. 

For this writing prompt, list the pros and cons of digital technologies in improving thinking skills and take the time to assess how each affects our intellectual development, including relevant studies to support your arguments. 

In this essay, aim to find out whether economic growth and economic development are independent or inextricably linked, such that economic development is not possible without economic growth and vice versa. 

For this, you can turn to the innovative insights of economists Simon Kuznets and Joseph Schumpeter. The creation of the Human Development Index is also worth delving into as it is one of the most ambitious metrics that emerged to measure the economy beyond the national income accounting framework . 

The United Nations has 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) adopted in September 2015 and targeted to be attained by 2030 to end global poverty while addressing issues such as inequality and climate change. 

In your essay, explain these goals, their origins, and their relevance to today’s challenges. Then find out whether it is on track through the latest SDG report . You can also pick just one SDG close to your personal and get updates on the world’s progress in realizing this goal. Dive into politics in this essay and determine if the UN is on track and adhering to its promises.

True urban development can happen only if security, sanitation, and climate resilience are part of the equation. In this essay, outline the challenges of balancing rapid urbanization with the need to provide people with a decent environment for living. 

Expound on the importance of urban development in reducing poverty. Finally, underscores the enormous role city governments have in steering urban development through a human-centric approach. 

We hear about incredible technological advancements every day, but there has been little development in the regulatory sphere. Elaborate on policy and lawmakers’ challenges in coping with nimble tech companies. 

Some primary challenges include the extraordinary complexity of technologies and the long period it takes to pass a law. In your writing, offer insights into how the government and private sector can join hands and balance strict regulations and self-regulation. 

Career development is the journey of finding your place in the professional world. Flesh out the importance of having a career development game plan and how to implement them. Then take a glimpse at the sea shift in career development amid our present VUCA world. Specifically, analyze how younger professionals are carving out their careers and how companies design professional development plans within a VUCA environment. 

With the fierce competition in today’s markets, how should business development managers think and act to drive their company’s sales growth? Strive to answer this by researching business journals and news articles to discover today’s most pressing challenges business development managers face. But also look on the bright side to flesh out the job’s pros, such as gaining new experiences and expanding your connections. 

This writing prompt highlights the critical role of schools in a child’s overall development and what teaching techniques are proven to be most effective in training a child. To expand your essay, add COVID-19’s long-term debilitating impact on human capital development and how this translates to economic losses. Then, write about the lessons teachers and parents can learn from the pandemic to arrest future global disruptions from affecting the accessibility, delivery, and quality of education.

Tip: When editing for grammar, we also recommend improving the readability score of a piece before publishing or submitting it. If you’d like more help with your essays, check out our round-up of the best essay checkers .

Yna Lim is a communications specialist currently focused on policy advocacy. In her eight years of writing, she has been exposed to a variety of topics, including cryptocurrency, web hosting, agriculture, marketing, intellectual property, data privacy and international trade. A former journalist in one of the top business papers in the Philippines, Yna is currently pursuing her master's degree in economics and business.

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How to Become a Pro Scriptwriter: ULTIMATE Guide

Like any job or craft, becoming a pro scriptwriter is something that doesn’t happen overnight. It can take years and years to hone the craft of scriptwriting . Luckily, our handy guide is going to lay out the pathway for you to become a pro scriptwriter:

Table of Contents

Start writing:, thoughts on writing:, stories for your scriptwriting:, read scriptwriting books:, study scriptwriting:, read scripts, read plays, learn format:, practice makes perfect, get feedback:, learn to take criticism:, learn discipline:, learn patience:, find the right home for your work:, meet your peers:, nail how best you work:, write and write and write and write.

Once you have your craft to a place you are confident with, breaking into the industry as a scriptwriter can also take the same amount of discipline, patience and resolve.

There’s no sure way to become a scriptwriter. You only have to look at the varying careers of famous scriptwriters to learn that. Some might write a script in their early twenties that propels them to fame and success. However, some scriptwriters might toil away at many screenplays for years and years before hitting on the one that catches them a break.

There’s no right or wrong way in building your career as a scriptwriter. However, there are steps that you can follow to make sure you’re on the right path. First for a scriptwriter is to…

Obviously you can’t be a scriptwriter without writing. To some, wanting to be a scriptwriter might come from a desire for the prestige, success or intellectual label that comes with it.

But if you don’t enjoy writing, what’s the point? You wouldn’t want to become a footballer without ever having kicked a ball. The only way to find this out if you want to truly be a scriptwriter is to write.

Whatever you write, as a budding scriptwriter it’s important to try and get the feel of it. In other words, build the muscle from your brain to your hand, helping translate the ideas in your head to words on the page.

• If it’s your ideas that have propelled you to start writing but you feel you don’t yet have the language of scriptwriting yet, then writing an outline can be a great way of exercising your storytelling muscles.
• You will learn the beats of crafting a beginning, middle and end as well as having a good framework to work from when you do start writing your script.
• Writing plays, whilst a whole separate medium can also be a great way of exercising your writing muscles as a scriptwriter. Playwriting can be a good method to learn the rhythms of writing dialogue as well as learning how to layer subtext in your scriptwriting.

Write everyday. It doesn’t have to be long. Even if it’s just ten minutes every day for a month, you will slowly start to get the feel and habit for it . This will make it easier when you start to get more serious as a scriptwriter.

It can be helpful to think, even vaguely, about the stories you want to tell in your scriptwriting. It gets back to the core of why you want to be a writer.

• What stories do you want to tell?
• What perspective do you have as a writer?
• Do you want to write drama? Or action? Or comedy?

You don’t necessarily have to have concrete answers to these questions at this stage. But it can be instructive to know what kind of approach you might have as you start to learn the rules of scriptwriting. That way you can think of how you want to apply the lessons you learn practically to your scriptwriting.

Watching films & TV is a key part of discovering what stories you might want to tell. Watch as much as possible. By doing this you will discover intuitively what stories you are drawn to as a scriptwriter. What kind of story speaks to you and why? Again, these answers won’t necessarily come to you immediately. But the more films and television you watch the more you will develop an innate sense of what stories speak to you and what stories you want to tell as a scriptwriter.

Once you start to have an idea of why and how you want to start scriptwriting, it’s time to start learning the craft of how to write a script . There are so many books about scriptwriting it can be hard to know where to start. We have a great list on 31 screenwriting books you must own, which helps narrow down some key books on the different areas of scriptwriting, from craft to the business to insightful anecdotes.

Scriptwriting books are a great introduction to a number of different sides of the industry.

• Craft books will give you a baseline guide from which to start from.
• Business books will introduce you to the industry side of scriptwriting, from starting out to surviving.
• More anecdotal scriptwriting books will help illustrate what life as a scriptwriter is like, from the perspective of those who are well experienced and perhaps those you admire and aspire to be.

Scriptwriting books are by no means a shortcut to being a scriptwriter. But they are a helpful guide as to the practices you need and to the world you are getting into.

There are many different options for studying scriptwriting, from taking courses to studying degrees. Whilst reading scriptwriting books will give you an overview of what you’re getting into, courses will help give you practical ways into scriptwriting. This might include:

• Writing exercises
• Group participation
• In depth analysis into all aspects of scriptwriting – character, narrative, dialogue, theme.

There are hundreds of scriptwriting courses and degrees out there, from MFA’s to three year bachelor degrees to short one week intensive courses.  Which path you choose is totally unique to you and your experience:

• With a previous degree (either in film or not) you might feel an MFA in screenwriting is just the top up you need.
• If you’re a relative beginner but have a grounding in some writing practice and industry knowledge then a longer three year degree might just be the serious step you need.
• If you’re a total beginner looking for a complete introduction to scriptwriting then maybe a short course or online course can serve as a great tester.

Courses can be a big investment if you’re not sure what it might entail or whether it’s right for you. Why not try our popular online screenwriting course , to help give a taste of scriptwriting courses.

Whilst watching movies and TV is key for learning scriptwriting, reading the scripts of the films and shows you watch is even more important. A scriptwriter must be well versed in the language they’re communicating in.

Here is where you’ll learn what translates to screen and how. You’ll get to know what often looks good on the page doesn’t always translate well to screen and what often looks not so good on the page does translate well to screen.

Why not peruse our scripts package, with over 1,000 produced scripts to download, bursting with the great and good of scripts to learn from.

In addition, reading plays is also a fantastic way of learning about writing. Whilst there are certainly many technical aspects that are different in writing plays and writing scripts, plays can be invaluably instructive for a budding scriptwriter on basic elements like dialogue, character and story structure.

Read plays from the greats and read modern plays to get a sense of what contemporary writers are writing about and how. Plays can often have more urgency than in TV and film, as writers are responding with a quicker turnaround to current events and the world around them.

Looking at plays is therefore a great way of seeing how writers can tackle important and relevant themes in a dramatically rewarding way as well seeing different rhythms of dialogue on the page. 

There is a shorthand that experienced script readers and producers will know in terms of screenplay format and if you don’t subscribe to this it could be a hurdle in just getting your script read let alone it making an impression. A scriptwriter must know the language of a script fluently and without thinking.

Format doesn’t need to be an element that takes up lots of time to learn. It’s a simple way of making your script conform to an expected standard and the bare minimum in your journey to being a pro scriptwriter.

You should always be writing whilst you’re learning and getting started but there definitely comes a point where you need to do little else but write.

Hone that story you’ve been wanting to write for a while and start forming it into a script. You won’t get this right on the first try. And if you think you have…you probably haven’t. Write a draft, go over it and re-write it. Go back to the core lessons you learnt and check if you are hitting the right marks.

You don’t have to stick the ‘rules’ of scriptwriting. The guidelines you will have learnt are just that – guidelines. They don’t have to prescriptive but instead, instructive. However, you need to know the rules before you break them. As a scriptwriter, you need to try and be aware whether you are hitting these guidelines or not. If you’re not.. .

• Is it on purpose and is it for a good enough reason?
• Are you subverting expectations for the sake of the story?
• Or are you just trying to impress for the sake of it?

Accept that this might take time. On top of that, don’t just focus all your energy on one script. Try to think of the story for your next script. A scriptwriter needs to be constantly moving forward. Like a shark, never stop moving.

Furthermore, keep your writing muscles exercised in all sorts of ways. Don’t restrict yourself to one avenue or one idea. You never know which one might stick and where you creative energy might find it’s best vessel. Being a scriptwriter is often like being a gambler, throwing certain ideas out in the hope that one will help you hit big.

An incredibly vital part of the process of being a scriptwriter. Your writing cannot exist in isolation and you need to share it before you try and send it out, whether that be to potential producers, agents or scriptwriting contests.

Whilst friends and contacts you trust can be a great source of feedback, Industrial Scripts exists for this very purpose and we advocate the value of professional feedback. It might sound stark, but a scriptwriter need s pro script analysis . If you don’t have a sense of how your script holds up to professional standards, this could be the first barrier to progression as a professional scriptwriter.

Our script coverage services will help you take your script and scriptwriting, in general, to that next level, with feedback and guidance from seasoned professionals. Whether you think you’re at a roadblock with your script or not, a script doctor or script reader will identify how to improve your script and get to the heart of what you want to achieve with it.

A script doctor is a fusion of the scriptwriter and script consultant and therefore someone who understands the creative process as well as they do development and production potential for your script.

Your script might be your baby but you cannot be afford to be overly precious or attached to it. This is hard, we know. You’ve spent months or years working on a script only to have it taken apart and critiqued. However, seeing your script objectively is a key part of being a pro scriptwriter.

If you built a chair and were testing it’s ready, only for someone to fall through it when sitting on it, you wouldn’t argue with the results – it’s clear it doesn’t work. You need to think of your script in the same light. Script doctors and script editors are there to make sure your script works. They are there to test the very basic elements of your script as well as looking at how to make improvements.

Scriptwriting is not a craft that produces instant results. It takes time to write a script, time to improve and perfect it and time to see it potentially make an impact.

Learning discipline is about sticking to what you initially intended to do in pursuing being a scriptwriter in the first place. Remember what made you fall in love with scriptwriting in the first place as there will be many a time when it feels not worth it, when it’s hard graft and when you forget what you actually like about doing it.

No one else but you is ultimately in control of your fate as a scriptwriter. Therefore, discipline is key. Make sure you are writing as if you had a boss lurking over your shoulder. Don’t slack! However, also remember that writing doesn’t always have to involve writing. If you are struggling to make progress or feel you have a hit a roadblock, go back to sources of inspiration…

• Watch a film or TV show with great writing.
• Go to a gallery
• Read a book.

Sometimes you just need a trigger to come through a roadblock. A large element of being a scriptwriter is being a problem solver and thinking outside the box will help you land on solutions to problems.

Similarly, remember that the creative process takes time . Whilst you may want to write with urgency, your script needs to be a product that will outlive the moment you find yourself writing it in.

By taking time to work through ideas and elements of your script you will create something overall more durable. A script that references a topical news event won’t be much good when your script gets made two years later and the reference is outdated. You need to think similarly about having patience with your script’s journey. 

From the moment you finish your script to its potential production could take years. This might be frustrating but it can also be a good thing. Your script will be pushed and tested in many different ways and by many different people, from development to full production. Hold on to your confidence about your script throughout this process and make sure you’re always seeking to improve it not compromise it. 

There are many places to send your script. Whether it be agencies when looking for an agent or screenplay contests . However, exercise patience and thought when it comes to sending your script out. Don’t spray and pray.

When it comes to an agent, target the ones that you think will best respond to your work. Have a look at who is on their books and the kind of work they represent. In being more targeted you will increase you potential success rate. And again, exercise patience. The industry is full of stories of scriptwriters banging on the door for years before getting in. Often a scriptwriter will be in contact with an agent for years before they decide to take them on. Or it might take two or three attempts before winning a screenplay contest.

Who are your contemporary scriptwriting heroes? Take a look at their journeys and if relevant, try chasing the paths that worked for them. They might not be right for you but trying, failing and then trying another path instead is the only way to find out truly what path will be yours.

Being a scriptwriter can often be a lonely job. Just you and your typewriter (well…laptop) can be a somewhat isolated working existence. T herefore , it is important to meet and connect with your peers in the scriptwriting world. Whether it’s attending industry events or staying active and communicative on social media, it’s important to form and maintain a community of scriptwriters.

Reddit Screenwriting and Facebook Screenwriting Groups are two great places to start in terms of finding scriptwriting communities online. In addition, you will share experiences of the industry and find solidarity. Therefore, c reativity will bounce and flow and ideas will spark off each other when shared.

Don’t ever be afraid that another scriptwriter might ‘steal’ your idea. Peer groups work in homage to each other and no one can succeed in isolation. Scriptwriting might be a lonely working practice but it doesn’t have to mean for a lonely working life.

• Are you disciplined enough working from home?
• Do you prefer working in cafes?
• Could you rent an office or co-working space?

All writers are different and all have different spaces where they feel at their most comfortable or creative. Whether it be:

• The quiet solitude of an office
• The comfort of home
• The hustle and bustle of a cafe
• Or the buzz of a co-working space.

Finding where you find your best rhythm is can be key to being a disciplined and focused scriptwriter . However, don’t feel you have be a slave to that rhythm. You also need to be open and ready to write when you find inspiration strike you. Always have a notepad (or notes on your phone) ready!

As we’ve stressed throughout this guide, there is no shortcut to becoming a pro scriptwriter. It takes focus, patience, discipline, time, feedback and most importantly…writing! Never stop writing and you will inherently improve and learn and grow as a scriptwriter.

You might write a script that defines your career on your first go. Or you might write multiple scripts before you get that breakthrough script. Importantly, don’t keep your work in isolation. Always seek and always listen to the advice of those that will give it.

The journey might not be straightforward but be persistent and consistent in your growth as a scriptwriter and you will always be on the journey to becoming a pro. 

• What did you think of this article? Share it , Like it , give it a rating, and let us know you though in the comments box further down…
• Struggling with a script or book? Story analysis is what we do, all day, every day… Check out our range of script coverage services for writers & filmmakers.
• Scriptwriting 101: The Ultimate Guide to Writing a TV or Movie Script
• 11 Ways to Spot a Shady Script Consultant
• Why Screenwriters Need Pro Script Analysis Now, More Than Ever
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5 thoughts on “How to Become a Pro Scriptwriter: ULTIMATE Guide”

Please help me pitch my script please

Really useful, thank you!

Welcome Peter!

I see a lot of pitching, but what about catching? How would one review scripts for your group? I have a history of published work.

Nice article to inspire me to write!

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Is Career Training in Film Right for You?

Screenwriter: Everything You Need to Know

A screenwriter, also known as a screenplay writer or scriptwriter, writes for visual media like film or TV. Though screenwriters can get overlooked by viewers of a film or TV series, they play an essential role in any project: they write the story.

What Do Screenwriters Do?

A scriptwriter can actually write a variety of things beyond your traditional movie script . Scriptwriters write:

• Feature-length films
• Short films
• Television series
• Television and radio commercials
• Stage plays
• Computer games

Types of Screenwriters

Most screenwriters specialize in a genre, such as:

Many screenwriters know how to write a variety of genres and for either film or TV. The way a screenwriter will approach their work will vary a lot depending on the specific project they’re doing.

Job Description

Scriptwriters write material that will be performed. They write all aspects of a script, from dialogue to stage directions. Screenplay writers need to be able to do a variety of things when crafting a script, including:

• Create characters
• Write believable dialogue
• Write engaging plots

The screenwriting process tends to follow these steps:

• Generate ideas
• Research ideas
• Plan the script
• Develop characters
• Write the script

Spec Scripts vs. Shooting Scripts

When you write a spec script , you’re writing on speculation. No one pays you to write the script, but you do it in the hope that you can sell it. Once your script is purchased, it becomes a shooting or production script. A spec script never should include elements of a shooting script.

How to Become a Screenwriter

The first thing any aspiring screenwriter needs to do is develop their writing talents. Developing this talent is fairly simple, since all you need to do is write anything you want. You don’t need to jump right into a major TV script or screenplay project. Just start honing your writing skills somehow, whether that’s writing plays, essays, short stories, or anything in between. You’ll start to grow comfortable with the process of writing while discovering your unique voice. From there, you can figure out what genre you’re drawn to as well.

Some writers find structured educational settings helpful, such as going to a film school , taking a college course, or attending a writing workshop online. Grades and deadlines can motivate you to sit down and work. When it comes to film schools , you’ll also have access to filmmakers, artists, and other writers to turn to for inspiration and connections that may lead to a job in the industry.

Salary and Benefits

Scriptwriters may work as salaried staff for production companies, but most work as freelancers and either work on a contract basis or sell scripts on spec. While there’s lots of money to be made as a screenwriter, there’s also a big disparity between super successful writers and lesser-known ones. Most screenwriters do other jobs to support their writing .

Working Hours

While freelance scriptwriting means a lack of job security, it also means you’re not restricted by typical working hours. Screenwriters may need to travel domestically or internationally to meet with producers and directors.

Education and Entry

Many screenwriters have degrees in subjects such as English, creative writing, or journalism. However, it’s very common to find screenwriters from other academic backgrounds. Many successful scriptwriters don’t even have undergraduate degrees. This industry honors talent regardless of academic credentials, and no specific degree is required for success.

No matter the path you take, you’ll want to hone your skills as a writer in general. From creating interesting dialogue to developing characters , you’ll use these skills when you’re writing scripts.

Training and Progression

There’s no set path to becoming a successful screenwriter. Those who have success show talent and work hard. Watching films and reading scripts as well as practicing your craft provides training.

Many screenwriters move to where they can find industry jobs to get a foot in the door. Los Angeles ranks first; New York City also features relevant jobs but to a lesser extent. After relocating, you can look for entry-level roles with a production that matches your talents and professional interest. If you want to write for a sitcom, go for a job as a PA ( production assistant ), studio runner, or writer’s assistant on a show. If you want to try dramatic writing for feature film, try for script reading or PA job at a production company that fits your interests.

Hollywood Programs for Screenwriters

You might consider applying to a highly competitive screenwriting workshop, fellowship, or program that will allow you to learn from and work alongside producers, directors, studio executives, and other writers. Some of these programs include:

• Warner Bros. Writers Workshop
• Disney ABC Writing Fellowship
• ABC Daytime Writing Program
• Disney and ABC’s Diversity Creative Development Program
• Nickelodeon Writing Fellowship
• Sundance Screenwriter’s Lab
• Don and Gee Nicholl Fellowship
• American Screenwriters Association International Screenplay Competition

Who Is a Screenwriter: Do You Have What It Takes?

Aspiring screenwriters list plenty of different motivating factors. Some will put you on a path to success.

Wrong Reasons to Want to Be a Screenwriter

If one or more of these reasons drive your desire to be a screenwriter, you might find more fulfillment from another career path:

• Desire to create beautiful writing for the writing itself
• Respect that comes with being an acclaimed artist
• Strong visual sense
• Desire to adapt your own novel or play — or even life story
• Desire to improve movie quality

Right Reasons to Want to Be a Screenwriter

On the other hand, if these factors motivate you, screenwriting can be a great fit:

• Money (as long as it’s not your primary objective!)
• Getting to tell stories
• Love for film or TV
• Reaching a huge audience
• Love of writing

Habits of Successful Screenwriters

Successful screenwriters employ these habits:

• They have a driving reason for writing.
• They set a high standard of excellence.
• They trust their instincts, and they write about things that excite them.
• They set writing goals and regularly write.
• They understand (and adapt to) the rules of screenwriting.
• They evoke emotions in those reading their scripts.

How to Write a Screenplay

Screenplays have set structures, including:

• The first page of the screenplay
• Scene heading
• Parenthetical
• DISSOLVE TO:
• ANGLE ON —
• EXTREME CLOSE UP —
• PAN TO —

Software for a Screenplay Writer

By using software to write and format your screenplay, you can make sure your script sticks to industry standards. Useful software for screenwriters include:

• Final Draft
• Movie Magic Screenwriter 6
• Movie Outline 3.1
• Save The Cat! The Last Story Structure Software You’ll Ever Need version 3.0
• Dramatica Pro

Books for a Screenplay Writer

You’ll also want to read up on books , such as:

• Save the Cat!
• The Coffee Break Screenwriter
• The TV Writer’s Workbook
• Selling Your Story in 60 Seconds
• Writing the TV Drama Series
• The Screenwriter’s Bible: A Complete Guide to Writing, Formatting, and Selling Your Script
• From Script to Screen
• Hollywood Standard: The Complete and Authoritative Guide to Script Format and Style
• Story: Substance, Structure, Style and the Principles of Screenwriting
• Screenplay: The Foundations of Screenwriting
• The Screenwriter’s Problem Solver: How to Recognize, Identify, and Define Screenwriting Problems

Then, read successful screenplays! You can download free screenplay examples online. Here’s another great resource .

Script Presentation and Binding

Presenting and binding your screenplay also comes with specific rules and supplies you need to use. Items you need to send out a script include:

• Screenplay brass fasteners (also called brads)
• Screenplay brass washers
• Script covers (linen or standard card stock)
• Script mailers
• Three-hole punched paper
• Optional: Script-binding mallet

Once you create effective strategies for writing and start developing writing partnerships, you’ll want to:

• Start writing
• Keep writing
• Get notes (ask for some constructive criticism)
• Start networking , including going to networking events

Whether you’re interested in comedy , drama, or any other genre, you can use your writing talents to write scripts. You can learn more about becoming a screenwriter and how you can improve your skills by applying to the Nashville Film Institute here .

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Essay on Personality Development

Students are often asked to write an essay on Personality Development in their schools and colleges. And if you’re also looking for the same, we have created 100-word, 250-word, and 500-word essays on the topic.

Let’s take a look…

100 Words Essay on Personality Development

Introduction.

Personality Development refers to enhancing one’s traits for a holistic growth. It’s about improving communication, leadership skills, and maintaining a positive attitude.

Importance of Personality Development

A strong personality helps in better interaction and boosts confidence. It helps us to face challenges and achieve success.

Factors Influencing Personality Development

Various factors like environment, education, and relationships shape our personality. These elements help us grow and evolve as individuals.

Personality Development is a continuous process. It helps us to be better versions of ourselves, making us more adaptable and successful in life.

Also check:

• Speech on Personality Development

250 Words Essay on Personality Development

Personality development is a comprehensive term that encapsulates the improvement of an individual’s traits and attributes, which contribute to their overall character and image. It is an ongoing process that involves the growth and maturation of one’s personality, leading to self-awareness and personal enhancement.

Significance of Personality Development

Personality development is crucial as it enables individuals to enhance their interpersonal skills, which are vital in today’s highly competitive world. It aids in the development of traits such as confidence, optimism, and resilience, which are key to overcoming life’s challenges. Furthermore, it promotes effective communication skills, leadership qualities, and emotional intelligence, which are integral to personal and professional success.

Several factors influence personality development. The environment, including family, school, and community, plays a significant role in shaping one’s personality. The experiences, both positive and negative, that an individual encounters throughout their life also contribute to their personality development. Genetic factors, although not entirely controllable, also play a part in defining an individual’s temperament and behavior.

In conclusion, personality development is a lifelong process that involves the continuous growth and enhancement of an individual’s character and attributes. It is a critical aspect of human development that can significantly influence one’s personal, academic, and professional success. Therefore, it is essential for individuals to focus on their personality development and strive for continuous self-improvement.

500 Words Essay on Personality Development

Personality development is an enduring process of cultivating behaviors, attitudes, and communication patterns that make an individual distinctive. It involves both the improvement of personal traits and the development of a holistic persona that plays a crucial role in achieving success in life.

The Essence of Personality Development

Personality development is not confined to the improvement of a single aspect of an individual; instead, it is about improving an amalgamation of factors that would include the ability to communicate effectively, confidence building, and the overall personality. It can be considered as a tool that helps in enhancing one’s self-esteem and confidence, thereby making an individual more presentable and acceptable in the social context.

Several factors contribute to personality development, including genetic predisposition, upbringing, education, environment, and experiences. Genetic factors contribute to the fundamental aspects of personality, such as temperament. Upbringing and education, on the other hand, shape our values, beliefs, and attitudes.

Environment and experiences play a significant role in shaping our personality. The environment we are exposed to, the people we interact with, and the experiences we have all contribute to the development of our personality. Positive experiences contribute to a confident, well-adjusted personality, while negative experiences may lead to a lack of confidence and low self-esteem.

Role of Personality Development in Success

Personality development plays a vital role in our success, both personally and professionally. A well-developed personality is a key to success as it enhances our ability to communicate effectively, improves our confidence, and helps us in building relationships. It allows us to present ourselves effectively in various situations, thereby opening up opportunities for growth and success.

The Process of Personality Development

Personality development is a continuous process that starts from the time we are born and continues throughout our life. It involves a constant interaction between our innate characteristics and the environment. This process can be influenced by consciously deciding to improve ourselves by learning new skills, adopting healthy habits, and developing positive attitudes.

In conclusion, personality development is an essential aspect of our lives that influences our success and happiness. It is a continuous process that requires conscious effort and commitment. By understanding the factors that influence our personality and taking steps to develop our personality, we can enhance our potential, improve our relationships, and achieve success in life.

That’s it! I hope the essay helped you.

If you’re looking for more, here are essays on other interesting topics:

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Home — Essay Samples — Life — Job — Review of the Scriptwriter Profession Features

Review of The Scriptwriter Profession Features

• Categories: Job

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Published: Dec 18, 2018

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Story Of A Personal Journey: “The Moviegoer” by Walker Percy

As a medium that allows one to communicate personal ideas and beliefs through different types of expression, art transforms people. “The Moviegoer” is a unique narrative in which two art forms collide, thus providing a masterfully written foil for the character development. The story of Blix Bolling, a New Orleans realtor, starts in a very mundane setting and with a plot that might seem as pointlessly meandering at first, yet, on further scrutiny, it allows its viewers to delve into the problem of faith and the search for one’s purpose. Despite often being viewed as meandering and lackluster, the story represents a unique journey of self-discovery and provides its readers with a satisfying ending.

Although the novel could be described as slightly lackluster, there can be no doubt that the lead character compensates for the lack of action or tension in the book. The protagonist of “The Moviegoer” represents a unique character study on a person that has an identity crisis and struggles to find his place in society and meaning in his own existence. By the end of the novel, Blix remains doubting, yet he has a clear path in front of him, and he knows that his faith will lead him: “’What if I don’t make it?’ ‘Get off and walk home’” (Percy 243). Thus, while having an ostensibly unremarkable arc, Blix, in fact, provides a clear example of a person discovering the purpose of his entire life. The irony of him already living his purpose makes the ending all the more powerful.

The lack of explicit conflict in the novel is one of the characteristics that make “The Moviegoer” slightly contentious as a specimen of its genre. Indeed, on the surface, the novel appears to be a cadence of events that take place in Blix’s life as he takes a journey down the road on Mardi Gras. However, in a larger context, the plot can be seen as a metaphor for life itself. Blix wanders into the night without a sense of purpose, meets random people, and creates a rapport with some of them, enjoying an entire spectrum of emotions from happiness to sadness. The necessity to set clear goals and a transparent vision for his life seems a rather irritating concept to him (Marsh 19).

However, as he reaches the endpoint of his travel, he finally reconciles with his quite humble purpose. Thus, the story represents a not-quite-subtle metaphor for life itself and the endless search for the meaning thereof.

With the shift from one setting to another, the idea of Blix’s travel being a spiritual journey reverberates through every place that he visits. The abrupt and seemingly random nature of his choices seems to mirror the changes that force people to move and experience the concept[t of a journey. For instance, his decision to go to the Gulf Coast seems entirely unexpected and nearly out of place: “’I’m quitting now. I’ve got sixty miles to go before lunch.’ ‘Whereabouts you going?’ ‘To the Gulf Coast’” (Percy 121).

Thus, as Blix haphazardly tries to make meaning of his life by selecting random places to go, he actually lives his purpose without even recognizing it. As a result, when he reaches the endpoint of his journey, his understanding of his actual purpose does not come as a disappointment since he has already been building the platform for it without even recognizing it.

Although the stylistic choices that the author makes to convey the essential message of his novel might seem quite heavy and difficult for immediate comprehension, the style of “The Moviegoer” doubtlessly makes the novel easily distinguishable among other specimens of the genre. Percy’s use of traditional literary devices in the way that allows him to weave a complex narrative and convey a unique atmosphere is beyond remarkable. For instance, the use of a tool as simple as juxtaposition at the beginning of the novel sets the tone and pace for the entire narrative: “She was unhappy for the same reason I was happy—because here we were at a neighborhood theater out in the sticks and without a car” (Percy 8).

The focus on the theater and the contradiction between the needs of the protagonist and his wife allows the reader to relate to the leading character immediately and sympathize with him and the lack of shared interest that he has with Linda.

Despite being often viewed as lacking tension and overall development, “The Moviegoer” is often deemed as far too ponderous and lifeless, it can be interpreted as a story of a personal journey that ends on an uplifting note of finding one’s purpose. “The Moviegoer” incorporates a range of unique stylistic choices that allow purporting the key idea clearly to the reader and amplifying the significance of its message. The book represents a unique case in which one type of medium and artistic representation of reality incorporates another and uses it to show the transition of its character from one philosophy to another. By focusing solely on character development in Blix’s search for the ultimate meaning and purpose of life, Percy introduces his readers to a new idea of a personal philosophy by depicting a surprisingly anticlimactic yet meaningful resolution of the lead character’s personal conflict.

Works Cited

Marsh, Leslie. Walker Percy, Philosopher . Springer, 2018.

Percy, Walker. The Moviegoer . Early Bird Books, 1961. Scribd.com . Web.

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StudyCorgi . "Story Of A Personal Journey: “The Moviegoer” by Walker Percy." August 4, 2021. https://studycorgi.com/story-of-a-personal-journey-the-moviegoer-by-walker-percy/.

StudyCorgi . 2021. "Story Of A Personal Journey: “The Moviegoer” by Walker Percy." August 4, 2021. https://studycorgi.com/story-of-a-personal-journey-the-moviegoer-by-walker-percy/.

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