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[ thee -sis ]

He vigorously defended his thesis on the causes of war.

Synonyms: proposal , contention , theory

  • a subject for a composition or essay.
  • a dissertation on a particular subject in which one has done original research, as one presented by a candidate for a diploma or degree.
  • Music. the downward stroke in conducting; downbeat. Compare arsis ( def 1 ) .
  • a part of a metrical foot that does not bear the ictus or stress.
  • (less commonly) the part of a metrical foot that bears the ictus. Compare arsis ( def 2 ) .
  • Philosophy. Hegelian dialectic

/ ˈθiːsɪs /

  • a dissertation resulting from original research, esp when submitted by a candidate for a degree or diploma
  • a doctrine maintained or promoted in argument
  • a subject for a discussion or essay
  • an unproved statement, esp one put forward as a premise in an argument
  • music the downbeat of a bar, as indicated in conducting
  • See arsis (in classical prosody) the syllable or part of a metrical foot not receiving the ictus Compare arsis
  • philosophy the first stage in the Hegelian dialectic, that is challenged by the antithesis
  • The central idea in a piece of writing, sometimes contained in a topic sentence .

Discover More

Word history and origins.

Origin of thesis 1

Example Sentences

“The Saudis have been proving the thesis of the film — they do in fact have an army,” said Thor Halvorssen, founder and chief executive of the nonprofit Human Rights Foundation, which funded the movie.

It’s a hypothesis that Bush pursued in her master’s thesis, and last year she began attending virtual Goth parties in a final round of field work before defending her doctoral thesis later this year.

While this partnership was planned prior to the coronavirus outbreak, co-founder Jordana Kier said the pandemic instantly proved out the expansion thesis.

They’ve had to defend that thesis for a very, very long time in front of a variety of different customers and different people.

Over the past decade, In-Q-Tel has been one of the most active investors in the commercial space sector, with a broad investment thesis that touches many aspects of the sector.

In “Back Home,” Gil also revisits the nostalgia for the South explored in his Johns Hopkins thesis, “Circle of Stone.”

At least father and son were in alignment on this central thesis: acting “gay”—bad; being thought of as gay—bad.

Her doctoral thesis, says Ramin Takloo at the University of Illinois, was simply outstanding.

Marshall McLuhan long ago argued the now accepted thesis that different mediums have different influences on thinking.

He wrote his Master's thesis on the underrepresentation of young people in Congress.

And indeed for most young men a college thesis is but an exercise for sharpening the wits, rarely dangerous in its later effects.

It will be for the reader to determine whether the main thesis of the book has gained or lost by the new evidence.

But the word thesis, when applied to Systems, does not mean the 'position' of single notes, but of groups of notes.

This conclusion, it need hardly be said, is in entire agreement with the main thesis of the preceding pages.

Sundry outlying Indians, with ammunition to waste, took belly and knee rests and strengthened the thesis to the contrary.

Related Words

  • proposition
  • supposition

What Is The Plural Of Thesis?

Plural word for  thesis.

The plural form of thesis is theses , pronounced [ thee -seez ]. The plurals of several other singular words that end in -is are also formed in this way, including hypothesis / hypotheses , crisis / crises , and axis / axes . A similar change is made when pluralizing appendix as appendices . 

Irregular plurals that are formed like theses derive directly from their original pluralization in Latin and Greek.

[ ak -s uh -lot-l ]

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  • 1.1 Etymology
  • 1.2 Pronunciation
  • 1.3.1 Derived terms
  • 1.3.2 Related terms
  • 1.3.3 Translations
  • 1.4 References
  • 1.5 Further reading
  • 1.6 Anagrams
  • 2.1 Etymology
  • 2.2 Pronunciation
  • 3.1 Etymology
  • 3.2 Pronunciation
  • 3.3.1 Declension
  • 3.3.2 Descendants
  • 3.4 References

English [ edit ]

Etymology [ edit ].

From Late Middle English thesis ( “ lowering of the voice ” ) [1] and also borrowed directly from its etymon Latin thesis ( “ proposition, thesis; lowering of the voice ” ) , from Ancient Greek θέσῐς ( thésis , “ arrangement, placement, setting; conclusion, position, thesis; lowering of the voice ” ) , from τῐ́θημῐ ( títhēmi , “ to place, put, set; to put down in writing; to consider as, regard ” ) [2] [3] (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁- ( “ to do; to place, put ” ) ) + -σῐς ( -sis , suffix forming abstract nouns or nouns of action, process, or result ) . The English word is a doublet of deed .

Sense 1.1 (“proposition or statement supported by arguments”) is adopted from antithesis . [2] Sense 1.4 (“initial stage of reasoning”) was first used by the German philosopher Johann Gottlieb Fichte (1762–1814), and later applied to the dialectical method of his countryman, the philosopher Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel (1770–1831).

The plural form theses is borrowed from Latin thesēs , from Ancient Greek θέσεις ( théseis ) .

Pronunciation [ edit ]

  • ( Received Pronunciation ) IPA ( key ) : /ˈθiːsɪs/ , ( archaic ) /ˈθɛsɪs/
  • ( General American ) IPA ( key ) : /ˈθisɪs/
  • Rhymes: -iːsɪs
  • Hyphenation: the‧sis
  • ( Received Pronunciation ) IPA ( key ) : /ˈθiːsiːz/
  • ( General American ) IPA ( key ) : /ˈθisiz/
  • Rhymes: -iːsiːz
  • Hyphenation: the‧ses

Noun [ edit ]

thesis ( plural theses )

  • ( rhetoric ) A proposition or statement supported by arguments .
  • 1766 , [ Oliver Goldsmith ], “The Conclusion”, in The Vicar of Wakefield:   [ … ] , volume II, Salisbury, Wiltshire: [ … ] B. Collins, for F [ rancis ] Newbery ,   [ … ] , →OCLC ; reprinted London: Elliot Stock , 1885 , →OCLC , pages 218–219 : I told them of the grave, becoming, and ſublime deportment they ſhould aſſume upon this myſtical occaſion, and read them two homilies and a theſis of my own compoſing, in order to prepare them.
  • ( mathematics , computer science ) A conjecture , especially one too vague to be formally stated or verified but useful as a working convention.
  • ( logic ) An affirmation , or distinction from a supposition or hypothesis .
  • ( philosophy ) In the dialectical method of Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel : the initial stage of reasoning where a formal statement of a point is developed ; this is followed by antithesis and synthesis .
  • ( music , prosody , originally ) The action of lowering the hand or bringing down the foot when indicating a rhythm ; hence, an accented part of a measure of music or verse indicated by this action; an ictus , a stress . Antonym: arsis
  • ( music , prosody , with a reversal of meaning ) A depression of the voice when pronouncing a syllables of a word ; hence, the unstressed part of the metrical foot of a verse upon which such a depression falls , or an unaccented musical note .

Derived terms [ edit ]

  • all but thesis
  • bachelor's thesis
  • Church-Turing thesis
  • conflict thesis
  • doctoral thesis
  • graduate thesis
  • Habakkuk thesis
  • master's thesis
  • Merton thesis
  • private language thesis
  • thesis defense
  • thesis film
  • thesis statement

Related terms [ edit ]

Translations [ edit ], references [ edit ].

  • ^ “ thē̆sis, n. ”, in MED Online , Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan , 2007 .
  • ^ “ thesis, n. ”, in Lexico , Dictionary.com ; Oxford University Press , 2019–2022 .

Further reading [ edit ]

  • “ thesis ”, in The Century Dictionary   [ … ] , New York, N.Y.: The Century Co. , 1911 , →OCLC .
  • “ thesis ”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary , Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam , 1913 , →OCLC .

Anagrams [ edit ]

  • Heists , Sethis , heists , shiest , shites , sithes , thises

Dutch [ edit ]

From Latin thesis , from Ancient Greek θέσις ( thésis , “ a proposition, a statement, a thing laid down, thesis in rhetoric, thesis in prosody ” ) .

thesis   f ( plural theses or thesissen , diminutive thesisje   n )

  • Dated form of these . Synonyms: dissertatie , proefschrift , scriptie

Latin [ edit ]

From Ancient Greek θέσις ( thésis , “ a proposition, a statement, a thing laid down, thesis in rhetoric, thesis in prosody ” ) .

  • ( Classical ) IPA ( key ) : /ˈtʰe.sis/ , [ˈt̪ʰɛs̠ɪs̠]
  • ( modern Italianate Ecclesiastical ) IPA ( key ) : /ˈte.sis/ , [ˈt̪ɛːs̬is]

thesis   f ( genitive thesis ) ; third declension

Declension [ edit ]

Descendants [ edit ].

  • → Dutch: thesis
  • → Armenian: թեզ ( tʻez )
  • → Dutch: these
  • → Persian: تز ( tez )
  • → Romanian: teză
  • → Turkish: tez
  • Galician: tese
  • Italian: tesi
  • English: thesis
  • Portuguese: tese
  • Spanish: tesis
  • “ thesis ”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short ( 1879 ) A Latin Dictionary , Oxford: Clarendon Press
  • thesis in Gaffiot, Félix ( 1934 ) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français , Hachette.

thesis noun or adjective

  • English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
  • English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *dʰeh₁-
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Synonyms of thesis

  • as in argument
  • as in hypothesis
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Thesaurus Definition of thesis

Synonyms & Similar Words

  • proposition
  • speculation
  • explanation
  • presupposition
  • supposition
  • generalization
  • presumption
  • abstraction

Antonyms & Near Antonyms

Thesaurus Entries Near thesis

Cite this entry.

“Thesis.” Merriam-Webster.com Thesaurus , Merriam-Webster, https://www.merriam-webster.com/thesaurus/thesis. Accessed 24 Apr. 2024.

More from Merriam-Webster on thesis

Nglish: Translation of thesis for Spanish Speakers

Britannica English: Translation of thesis for Arabic Speakers

Britannica.com: Encyclopedia article about thesis

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Using Articles

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What is an article? Basically, an article is an adjective. Like adjectives, articles modify nouns.

English has two articles: the and a/an . The is used to refer to specific or particular nouns; a/an is used to modify non-specific or non-particular nouns. We call the the definite article and a/an the indefinite article.

the = definite article

a/an = indefinite article

For example, if I say, "Let's read the book," I mean a specific book. If I say, "Let's read a book," I mean any book rather than a specific book.

Here's another way to explain it: The is used to refer to a specific or particular member of a group. For example, "I just saw the most popular movie of the year." There are many movies, but only one particular movie is the most popular. Therefore, we use the .

"A/an" is used to refer to a non-specific or non-particular member of the group. For example, "I would like to go see a movie." Here, we're not talking about a specific movie. We're talking about any movie. There are many movies, and I want to see any movie. I don't have a specific one in mind.

Let's look at each kind of article a little more closely.

Indefinite Articles: a and an

"A" and "an" signal that the noun modified is indefinite, referring to any member of a group. For example:

  • "My daughter really wants a dog for Christmas." This refers to any dog. We don't know which dog because we haven't found the dog yet.
  • "Somebody call a policeman!" This refers to any policeman. We don't need a specific policeman; we need any policeman who is available.
  • "When I was at the zoo, I saw an elephant!" Here, we're talking about a single, non-specific thing, in this case an elephant. There are probably several elephants at the zoo, but there's only one we're talking about here.

Remember, using a or an depends on the sound that begins the next word. So...

  • a + singular noun beginning with a consonant: a boy; a car; a bike; a zoo; a dog
  • an + singular noun beginning with a vowel: an elephant; an egg; an apple; an idiot; an orphan
  • a + singular noun beginning with a consonant sound: a user (sounds like 'yoo-zer,' i.e. begins with a consonant 'y' sound, so 'a' is used); a university ; a unicycle
  • an + nouns starting with silent "h": an hour
  • In some cases where "h" is pronounced, such as "historical," you can use an . However, a is more commonly used and preferred. A historical event is worth recording.

Remember that these rules also apply when you use acronyms:

Another case where this rule applies is when acronyms or initialisms start with consonant letters but have vowel sounds:

If the noun is modified by an adjective, the choice between a and an depends on the initial sound of the adjective that immediately follows the article:

  • a broken egg
  • an unusual problem
  • a European country (sounds like 'yer-o-pi-an,' i.e. begins with consonant 'y' sound)

Remember, too, that in English, the indefinite articles are used to indicate membership in a group:

  • I am a teacher. (I am a member of a large group known as teachers.)
  • Brian is an Irishman. (Brian is a member of the people known as Irish.)
  • Seiko is a practicing Buddhist. (Seiko is a member of the group of people known as Buddhists.)

Definite Article: the

The definite article is used before singular and plural nouns when the noun is specific or particular. The signals that the noun is definite, that it refers to a particular member of a group. For example:

" The dog that bit me ran away." Here, we're talking about a specific dog, the dog that bit me.

"I was happy to see the policeman who saved my cat!" Here, we're talking about a particular policeman. Even if we don't know the policeman's name, it's still a particular policeman because it is the one who saved the cat.

"I saw the elephant at the zoo." Here, we're talking about a specific noun. Probably there is only one elephant at the zoo.

Count and Noncount Nouns

The can be used with noncount nouns, or the article can be omitted entirely.

  • "I love to sail over the water" (some specific body of water) or "I love to sail over water" (any water).
  • "He spilled the milk all over the floor" (some specific milk, perhaps the milk you bought earlier that day) or "He spilled milk all over the floor" (any milk).

"A/an" can be used only with count nouns.

  • "I need a bottle of water."
  • "I need a new glass of milk."

Most of the time, you can't say, "She wants a water," unless you're implying, say, a bottle of water.

Geographical use of the

There are some specific rules for using the with geographical nouns.

Do not use the before:

  • names of most countries/territories: Italy, Mexico, Bolivia ; however, the Netherlands, the Dominican Republic, the Philippines, the United States
  • names of cities, towns, or states: Seoul, Manitoba, Miami
  • names of streets: Washington Blvd., Main St.
  • names of lakes and bays: Lake Titicaca, Lake Erie except with a group of lakes like the Great Lakes
  • names of mountains: Mount Everest, Mount Fuji except with ranges of mountains like the Andes or the Rockies or unusual names like the Matterhorn
  • names of continents (Asia, Europe)
  • names of islands (Easter Island, Maui, Key West) except with island chains like the Aleutians, the Hebrides, or the Canary Islands

Do use the before:

  • names of rivers, oceans and seas: the Nile, the Pacific
  • points on the globe: the Equator, the North Pole
  • geographical areas: the Middle East, the West
  • deserts, forests, gulfs, and peninsulas: the Sahara, the Persian Gulf, the Black Forest, the Iberian Peninsula

Omission of Articles

Some common types of nouns that don't take an article are:

  • Names of languages and nationalities: Chinese, English, Spanish, Russian (unless you are referring to the population of the nation: " The Spanish are known for their warm hospitality.")
  • Names of sports: volleyball, hockey, baseball
  • Names of academic subjects: mathematics, biology, history, computer science

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ESLBUZZ

Plural of Thesis: A Quick Guide for English Learners

By: Author ESLBUZZ

Posted on Last updated: October 11, 2023

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Do you know the plural of thesis? Understanding the correct plural of thesis is important not only for academic writing, but for general communication as well. Whether you’re discussing multiple research papers or simply trying to sound knowledgeable in a conversation, using the correct plural form can help you make a good impression and avoid any confusion or misunderstandings.

Plural of Thesis

Plural of Thesis: A Quick Guide for English Learners

Definition and Plural of Thesis

When writing a research paper or dissertation, the central argument or main point is known as a thesis. A thesis is a statement or proposition that is put forward as a premise to be maintained or proved. It is a crucial element of academic writing and is often required for a degree or certification.

The plural of thesis is “theses.” In English, most nouns form the plural by adding an “s” at the end. However, “thesis” is one of the few exceptions to this rule. The word “thesis” has a Greek root, and “theses” is how it is pluralized in that original language.

It is important to note that “theses” is the only way to make the noun “thesis” plural. There is no alternative form of the plural for this word.

In academic writing, the plural form “theses” is commonly used when referring to multiple research papers or dissertations. For example, “I have read several theses on this topic, and they all have different viewpoints.”

When to Use Thesis and Its Plural Form

When writing academic papers or conducting research, it is important to understand when to use the word “thesis” and its plural form, “theses.” Here are some guidelines to help you use these words correctly:

  • Use “thesis” when referring to a single research paper or dissertation that presents a specific argument or viewpoint.
  • Use “theses” when referring to multiple research papers or dissertations.
  • Remember that “thesis” is a singular noun and “theses” is its plural form.
  • Be aware that “thesis” has a Greek root and follows the same pluralization rule as other Greek words ending in “-is,” such as “crisis” and “analysis.” They become “crises” and “analyses,” respectively.
  • Keep in mind that “thesis” can also refer to a statement or proposition that is put forward for consideration or discussion. In this case, the plural form would be “theses.”
  • When citing multiple theses in a paper, use “theses” to indicate the plurality. For example, “The theses presented in this paper all support the idea that…”

Examples of Thesis and Its Plural Form in Sentences

If you are wondering how to use the word “thesis” in a sentence, here are a few examples:

  • Your thesis statement should be clear and concise.
  • The professor asked us to submit our theses by the end of the semester.
  • The thesis of the article is that climate change is caused by human activity.
  • She spent months researching and writing her thesis on the history of feminism .
  • The committee was impressed by the depth and originality of his thesis.

As you can see, “thesis” is used to refer to a statement or argument put forth by a writer or speaker, as well as a research paper written by a student to earn a degree.

Now, let’s take a look at the plural form of “thesis.” According to Grammar Monster, the only correct way to form the plural of “thesis” is “theses.” Here are some examples of how to use “theses” in a sentence:

  • The library has a collection of theses written by graduate students.
  • The professor asked us to read several theses on the topic before starting our own research.
  • The theses presented at the conference covered a wide range of topics.
  • The committee was impressed by the quality and originality of the theses submitted.

Plural Noun Rules for Regular Nouns

When forming the plural of regular nouns, there are some standard rules to follow. These rules apply to most English nouns, including “thesis.” Here are the basic guidelines:

  • For most singular nouns, simply add an “-s” to the end to form the plural. For example, “book” becomes “books,” “car” becomes “cars,” and “house” becomes “houses.”
  • If the singular noun ends in “-s,” “-x,” “-z,” “-ch,” or “-sh,” add “-es” to form the plural. For example, “bus” becomes “buses,” “box” becomes “boxes,” “buzz” becomes “buzzes,” “church” becomes “churches,” and “dish” becomes “dishes.”
  • If the singular noun ends in a consonant followed by “-y,” change the “-y” to “-ies” to form the plural. For example, “city” becomes “cities,” “baby” becomes “babies,” and “story” becomes “stories.”
  • If the singular noun ends in a vowel followed by “-y,” simply add an “-s” to form the plural. For example, “boy” becomes “boys,” “key” becomes “keys,” and “day” becomes “days.”

It’s important to note that there are some irregular nouns that don’t follow these rules. For example, “child” becomes “children,” “foot” becomes “feet,” and “tooth” becomes “teeth.” However, “thesis” is a regular noun, so it follows the standard rules for forming the plural.

Plural Noun Rules for Irregular Nouns

When it comes to forming the plural of nouns in English, there are some general rules that apply to most words. However, there are also many irregular nouns that don’t follow these rules and have unique plural forms. In this section, we’ll go over some common irregular plural nouns and the rules for forming their plurals.

List of Common Irregular Plural Nouns

Here are some examples of irregular plural nouns that you may come across:

Nouns that End in Us

Nouns that end in “us” often have a plural form that ends in “i”. For example:

Nouns that End in Is

Nouns that end in “is” may have a plural form that ends in “es”. For example:

Nouns that End in On

Nouns that end in “on” may have a plural form that ends in “a”. For example:

Plurals That Are the Same as Singulars

Some nouns have the same form for both the singular and plural. For example:

Words That Look Like Plural Nouns but Are Singular Nouns

Some words may look like plural nouns but are actually singular nouns. For example:

Collective Nouns and List

When it comes to forming the plural of nouns, collective nouns can be a bit tricky. A collective noun refers to a group of people or things as a single entity. For example, “team” is a collective noun because it refers to a group of individuals working together towards a common goal.

The challenge with collective nouns is deciding whether to treat them as singular or plural. In American English, collective nouns are usually treated as singular, while in British English, they can be treated as either singular or plural depending on the context.

Here are some examples of collective nouns and how they can be treated in different contexts:

As you can see, the choice of whether to use a singular or plural verb depends on whether you are referring to the group as a single entity or as individuals within the group.

When it comes to forming the plural of collective nouns, the same rules apply as for regular nouns. For example, the plural of “team” is “teams”, and the plural of “family” is “families”.

Plural Nouns vs. Possessive Nouns

When it comes to forming the plural of nouns, there are standard rules that apply to most words in the English language. However, there are some exceptions, such as the word “thesis.” The plural of “thesis” is “theses,” and this is the only correct way to form the plural of this word.

On the other hand, when it comes to forming possessive nouns, there are a few rules to keep in mind. Here are some key points to remember:

  • For singular nouns, add an apostrophe and an “s” to show possession. For example, “the thesis’s conclusion” means the conclusion belonging to the thesis.
  • For plural nouns that end in “s,” add only an apostrophe to show possession. For example, “the theses’ conclusions” means the conclusions belonging to the theses.
  • For plural nouns that do not end in “s,” add an apostrophe and an “s” to show possession. For example, “women’s rights” means the rights belonging to women.

It’s important to note that possessive nouns should not be confused with plural nouns. While they may look similar, they serve different grammatical functions. Possessive nouns show ownership or possession, while plural nouns simply refer to more than one of something.

Common Mistakes with Plural Nouns

When it comes to forming the plural of nouns, there are some common mistakes that are made. Here are a few things to keep in mind when forming the plural of the word “thesis” and other nouns:

Adding an Apostrophe

One common mistake is adding an apostrophe to a noun to make it plural. For example, “the thesis’s” instead of “the theses.” This is incorrect and should be avoided.

Irregular Plurals

Some nouns have irregular plurals that do not follow the standard rules. For example, “child” becomes “children” and “goose” becomes “geese.” It is important to learn these irregular plurals to avoid mistakes.

Confusion over Plurals

Some nouns, like “thesis,” can cause confusion over their plural form. “Theses” is the only correct way to make “thesis” plural. Other words that end in “-is” may also have irregular plurals, such as “crisis” becoming “crises.”

Using Incorrect Count Nouns

It is important to use the correct count nouns when referring to multiple instances of something. For example, “studies” instead of “researches,” and “pieces of evidence” instead of “evidences.” Using the incorrect count noun can make your writing sound awkward or confusing.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the correct plural form of ‘thesis’?

The correct plural form of ‘thesis’ is ‘theses.’ It is an irregular plural noun that does not follow the typical -s/-es suffix used for regular plural nouns.

How is ‘thesis’ used in a sentence?

‘Thesis’ refers to a statement or theory that is put forward as a premise to be maintained or proved. An example sentence would be: “Her thesis on the effects of climate change was well-researched and presented.”

What is the origin of the word ‘thesis’?

The word ‘thesis’ comes from the Greek word ‘tithenai,’ which means ‘to place’ or ‘to put.’ In academia, it refers to a statement or theory that is put forward as a premise to be maintained or proved.

What is the difference between ‘thesis’ and ‘theses’?

‘Thesis’ is the singular form of the word, while ‘theses’ is the plural form. ‘Thesis’ refers to a single statement or theory, while ‘theses’ refers to multiple statements or theories.

The plural of thesis is the word 'theses'.

"}},{"@type":"Question","name":"How do you pluralize thesis?","acceptedAnswer":{"@type":"Answer","text":"

To pluralize 'thesis', you simply add 'es' to the end of the word. This is because 'thesis' ends in 'is', which is a singular noun ending.

"}},{"@type":"Question","name":"Is the plural of thesis 'theses'?","acceptedAnswer":{"@type":"Answer","text":"

Yes, the plural of thesis is 'theses'.

"}},{"@type":"Question","name":"What is the irregular plural form of thesis?","acceptedAnswer":{"@type":"Answer","text":"

'Theses' is not an irregular plural form of thesis. It is a regular plural form.

"}},{"@type":"Question","name":"What are some examples of irregular plural nouns?","acceptedAnswer":{"@type":"Answer","text":"

Some examples of irregular plural nouns include 'child' (children), 'tooth' (teeth), and 'foot' (feet).

"}},{"@type":"Question","name":"How do you correctly pluralize nouns ending in -is?","acceptedAnswer":{"@type":"Answer","text":"

To correctly pluralize nouns ending in -is, you simply change the 'is' to 'es'. For example, the plural of 'thesis' is 'theses', and the plural of 'analysis' is 'analyses'.

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  • What Is an Adjective? | Definition, Types & Examples

What Is an Adjective? | Definition, Types & Examples

Published on 22 August 2022 by Eoghan Ryan . Revised on 3 October 2023.

An adjective is a word that modifies or describes a noun or pronoun . Adjectives can be used to describe the qualities of someone or something independently or in comparison to something else.

The boy is tall and skinny .

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Table of contents

How are adjectives used in sentences, comparative and superlative adjectives.

  • Coordinate adjectives

Adjectives vs adverbs

How to order adjectives, other types of adjectives, frequently asked questions about adjectives.

Adjectives modify or describe nouns and pronouns. They can be attributive (occurring before the noun) or predicative (occurring after the noun). Predicative adjectives typically follow a linking verb (such as forms of the verb ‘to be’) that connects the subject of the sentence to the adjective.

The soldier is proud .

The dedicated employee starts early.

The employee is dedicated . Note While most adjectives can occur in both the attributive and predicative position, some can only be used in one position. For example, the word ‘main’ can only be used in the attributive position, while the word ‘asleep’ can only be used in the predicative position.

  • The main reason is that …
  • The reason is main.
  • The man is asleep.
  • The asleep man is …

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Comparative adjectives are used to compare two things. They’re usually formed by adding the suffix ‘-er’ (or ‘-r’ if the word ends in the letter ‘e’). For two-syllable words that end in ‘y’, the ‘y’ is replaced with ‘-ier’.

Comparative adjectives can also be formed by adding ‘more’ or ‘less’ before an adjective that has not been modified. The ‘more’ form is typically used for words with two or more syllables, while the ‘less’ form is used for all adjectives.

The room is cosier with the fire lit and less cosy without it.

Superlative adjectives are used to indicate that something has the most or least of a specific quality. They’re typically preceded by the definite article ‘the’ and usually formed by adding the suffix ‘-est’ (or ‘-st’ if the word ends in the letter ‘e’). For two-syllable words that end in ‘y’, the ‘y’ is replaced with ‘-iest’.

Superlative adjectives can also be formed by adding ‘most’ or ‘least’ before an adjective that has not been modified. The ‘most’ form is typically used for words with two or more syllables, while the ‘least’ form is used for all adjectives.

All the courses were delicious, but the dessert was the tastiest .

Absolute adjectives

An absolute adjective is an adjective describing an absolute state that cannot be compared. For example, the word ‘dead’ is often considered to be an absolute adjective because it’s not possible to be ‘deader’ than someone else.

However, actual usage varies, and absolute adjectives are often modified by words such as ‘almost’.

Coordinate adjectives are two or more adjectives that modify the same noun in a sentence. Coordinate adjectives can be separated by commas or by the conjunction ‘and’.

Adverbs can be used to modify verbs , adjectives , or other adverbs, whereas adjectives only modify nouns and pronouns. When used to modify a verb, an adverb describes how an action is being performed (e.g., Brandon runs slowly ).

Adverbs are often formed from adjectives by adding the suffix ‘-ly’. However, not all words ending in ‘-ly’ are adverbs (e.g., ‘ugly’ is an adjective).

Adverbs can be formed from adjectives in numerous other ways, depending on the ending.

Some words can be used as either an adjective or adverb without being changed (e.g., ‘fast’, ‘late’, ‘early’).

For example, in the sentence ‘the man left early ‘, the word ‘early’ is an adverb because it’s modifying the verb ‘left’.

Adjectives with linking verbs

Adjectives are often confused with adverbs when they are used as complements for linking verbs (e.g., ‘the wife is devoted ‘). In these instances, a common mistake is to use an adverb in place of an adjective.

While adverbs describe how an action is performed, linking verbs (e.g., ‘be’, ‘seem’, ‘become’, ‘feel’) often refer to a state rather than an act and therefore take an adjective. In the example below, an adjective is needed because ‘feel’ is a linking verb.

  • Jesse feels badly when he doesn’t finish his homework.
  • Jesse feels bad when he doesn’t finish his homework.

Attributive adjectives and determiners are typically given in a specific order according to their function. This isn’t an order that English speakers learn as a set of rules, but rather one that people pick up intuitively and usually follow without thinking about it:

  • Determiner (e.g., a, the, one)
  • Opinion (e.g., beautiful, valuable, indecent)
  • Size (e.g., big, small, tiny)
  • Shape or age (e.g., round, square, hundred-year-old)
  • Colour (e.g., white, brown, red)
  • Origin (e.g., Dutch, aquatic, lunar)
  • Material (e.g., wooden, metal, glass)

There are many types of adjectives in English. Some other important types of adjectives are:

  • Appositive adjectives
  • Compound adjectives
  • Participial adjectives
  • Proper adjectives
  • Denominal adjectives
  • Nominal adjectives

An appositive adjective is an adjective (or series of adjectives) that occurs after the noun it modifies. It is typically set off by commas or dashes. It works similarly to an appositive noun .

A compound adjective is an adjective that is formed using two or more words that express a single idea (e.g., in-depth). When a compound adjective occurs before the noun it modifies (attributive), the individual words are typically connected by a hyphen . Frequently, no hyphen is needed when the compound adjective is placed after the noun (predicative).

Mark is well known . Note When a compound adjective is formed using an adverb that ends in ‘-ly’, no hyphen is used regardless of its position.

  • A highly-respected public official.
  • A highly respected public official.

A participial adjective is an adjective that is identical to the participle form of a verb (typically ending in ‘-ing’, ‘-ed’, or ‘-en’).

A proper adjective is an adjective formed from a proper noun and used to indicate origin. Like proper nouns, proper adjectives are always capitalised.

A denominal adjective is an adjective formed from a noun, often with the addition of a suffix (e.g., ‘-ish’, ‘-ly’, ‘-esque’).

A nominal adjective (also called a substantive adjective ) is an adjective that functions as a noun. Nominal adjectives are typically preceded by the definite article ‘the’.

There are many ways to categorize adjectives into various types. An adjective can fall into one or more of these categories depending on how it is used.

Some of the main types of adjectives are:

  • Attributive adjectives
  • Predicative adjectives
  • Comparative adjectives
  • Superlative adjectives

Cardinal numbers (e.g., one, two, three) can be placed before a noun to indicate quantity (e.g., one apple). While these are sometimes referred to as ‘numeral adjectives ‘, they are more accurately categorised as determiners or quantifiers.

A proper adjective is an adjective that was derived from a proper noun and is therefore capitalised .

Proper adjectives include words for nationalities, languages, and ethnicities (e.g., ‘Japanese’, ‘Inuit’, ‘French’) and words derived from people’s names (e.g., ‘Bayesian’, ‘Orwellian’).

Sources for this article

We strongly encourage students to use sources in their work. You can cite our article (APA Style) or take a deep dive into the articles below.

Ryan, E. (2023, October 03). What Is an Adjective? | Definition, Types & Examples. Scribbr. Retrieved 22 April 2024, from https://www.scribbr.co.uk/the-parts-of-speech/adjective/
Aarts, B. (2011).  Oxford modern English grammar . Oxford University Press.
Butterfield, J. (Ed.). (2015).  Fowler’s dictionary of modern English usage  (4th ed.). Oxford University Press.
Garner, B. A. (2016).  Garner’s modern English usage (4th ed.). Oxford University Press.

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What’s the Plural of Thesis? (Thesises? Theses?)

  • November 13, 2022

thesis noun or adjective

What’s the plural of “thesis”?

Thesis , (and its plural theses ) is an example of one of the many common English words that has roots elsewhere. In this case, thesis is a word that has roots all the way back to Ancient Greek. Like other similarly structured words: diagnosis , synthesis , analysis , oasis , crisis , nemesis and the like, thesis is by no means the only frequently used Greek word that’s made it to Modern English.

What’s the singular of thesis?

"Thesis" singular in sentences.

Thesis is a singular noun and refers to one thing (or one thesis ).

What’s a thesis?

Merriam-Webster defines the noun thesis (plural theses ) as follows, “a dissertation embodying results of original research and especially substantiating a specific view especially : one written by a candidate for an academic degree.”

thesis noun or adjective

Nouns that end in -sis/ses

Thesis is an irregular plural noun that does not end in the typical -s / -es that regular plural noun forms take. This is so despite that theses plural does in fact end in the conventional -s/-es suffix. Why is it still considered irregular; then, given that it follows the regular plural form? Notice the following regular plural noun forms:

thesis noun or adjective

Thesis / theses operates differently. With these Greek words, the -ses does not simply  add onto the end of the singular form of the noun; instead, -ses replaces the singular noun’s suffixes, and effectively changes the entire spelling of the word (and arguably the word itself.)

Examples of “thesis” (singular) in sentences

His master thesis was on modal neural networks.
She wrote her thesis on Renaissance Nativity scenes.
We disagreed with the basic thesis of the report.
I’ve made a first draft of my thesis .
The student’s experiments helped her formulate a thesis to share with her professor and classmates.

Examples of “theses” (plural) in sentences

It must not be assumed that Luther’s ninety-five theses produced any considerable direct results.
The collection of theses are ready for publication.
Twenty years after Savonarola’s death Martin Luther made public his theses against indulgences.
Theses are generally examined by two or more specialists.
Theses is the plural form of the singular noun thesis.

Origin of the word “thesis”

Thesis / theses are of Greek origin.

Read about other irregular nouns

  • What’s the plural of bison?
  • What’s the plural of moose?
  • What’s the plural of sheep?
  • What’s the plural of ox?
  • What’s the plural of cactus?
  • What’s the plural of crisis?
  • What’s the plural of hypothesis?

Read about other topics in grammar

  • What’re personal pronouns?
  • What’s the difference between they’re, their, and there?
  • Whose vs who’s?
  • Merriam-Webster, thesis/theses.

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Definition of 'thesis'

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thesis in British English

Thesis in american english, examples of 'thesis' in a sentence thesis, cobuild collocations thesis, trends of thesis.

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In other languages thesis

  • American English : thesis / ˈθisɪs /
  • Brazilian Portuguese : tese
  • Chinese : 论点
  • European Spanish : tesis
  • French : thèse
  • German : These
  • Italian : tesi
  • Japanese : 主張
  • Korean : 논지
  • European Portuguese : tese
  • Latin American Spanish : tesis
  • Thai : ข้อสมมุติ, ข้อวินิจฉัย

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Definition of thesis noun from the Oxford Advanced American Dictionary

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thesis noun or adjective

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Adjectives: Modifying Nouns & Pronouns

Most times, nouns alone cannot encapsulate the intensity of our feelings, experiences, or thoughts. “A devastating storm” sounds more definite than “a storm.” We use adjectives (enormous, gigantic, slow, pink, insane, childlike, dull, excellent) to describe nouns or pronouns. The tiny words a, an, and the , also called articles or determiners, are the most frequently used adjectives . Remember that adjectives do not modify verbs, adverbs, or other adjectives. 

Adjectives modify nouns or pronouns.

Uses of Adjectives :

Adjectives express the qualities and attributes of nouns. In general, they answer the following questions: What kind? Which one? How much or how many? Here are some sentences with the adjectives in bold and modified nouns italicized:

  • Andrea is a passionate filmmaker . [ What kind of filmmaker is Andrea? Passionate ]
  • That advice suits you well. [ Which advice? That ]
  • We’re allowed only five absences in her class. [ How many absences? Five ]
  • They had no chance of winning. [ How much chance ? None/No chance]
  • All supplies went missing. [ How many supplies? All ]
  • A suspicious man peers through my window. [ What kind of man? Suspicious ]
  • I admire her fearless journalism . [ What kind of journalism? Fearless ]

Adjectives usually precede the nouns they modify, like in the examples above and almost every time we use them: lovely dress, inclement weather, stressful day, incredible friend, fast car, loud neighbor. But adjectives don’t only define nouns; they appear after linking verbs.

Predicate Adjectives and Linking Verbs :

As a subject complement, a predicate adjective defines (or refers to) the subject and follows linking verbs. Recall that linking verbs are forms of the verb “to be” such as is, will, am, are, have , etc., and sensory verbs like feel, seem, smell, sound, look, taste, appear, etc. 

  • Paulyne looks refreshed and motivated . [ Refreshed and motivated are predicate adjectives modifying the subject Paulyne . The linking verb looks connects them.]
  • Nikki was furious . [Predicate adjective: furious ; subject: Nikki ; linking verb: was ] 
  • I feel awful . [Predicate adjective: awful ; subject: I; linking verb: feel ]
  • Death is inevitable . [Predicate adjective: inevitable ; subject: death; linking verb: is ]
  • The clouds suddenly turned gray . [Predicate adjective: gray ; subject: The clouds; linking verb: tuned ]

NOTE: Common mistakes occur when linking verbs such as sensory verbs are followed by adverbs instead of predicate adjectives . Here’s an example: Kate looks badly . Here, looks is used as an action verb modified by the adverb badly , which implies that Kate looks at things in a bad manner. If that’s what you mean, you can reconstruct the sentence and say, “Kate glared at him.” If you want to tell Kate appears unwell and in need of medical assistance, the correct sentence is “Kate looks bad .” Here, looks acts as a linking verb to the subject Kate and the predicate adjective bad . 

Here’s another example. Notice the difference between an adverb and predicate adjective:

Related Reading: Linking Verbs & Subject Complements

Attributive Nouns and Adjectives as Nouns :

Fluid and ever-changing, English allows words to change functions. Just as how verbs can be adjectives (verb: she loved ; adjective : she is loved ), nouns can be adjectives , too. Here are some examples:

  • childhood dream  
  • amusement park
  • Jon’s laptop
  • leather jacket
  • airplane mode
  • fairytale wedding
  • remote area
  • city lights

Nouns acting as adjectives are also called attributive nouns . They always precede the nouns they modify, but when used with real adjectives, the real adjectives should come first. Here are examples of attributive nouns (in bold) preceded by real adjectives (italicized):

  • strict health protocols
  • tedious Science project
  • three-year road trip 
  • expensive plane tickets

Adjectives can also function as nouns, especially when we refer to certain groups of people.

  • Corrupt politicians take advantage of the poor .
  • Minors are not allowed outside after 6 pm. 
  • The meek shall inherit the Earth.

In each of the following sentences, make a list of the adjectives and the nouns they modify. Don’t include a , an, or the in your answers. 

EXAMPLE: We visited the old house and retrieved some childhood photos. Adjective: old; Noun: house Adjective: some; Noun: photos Adjective: childhood; Noun: photos

  • The young intern wrote a sloppy report on Tiktok trends.
  • Beatrice looks happy about Rob’s output.
  • Health experts recommend an 8-hour sleep and 2-liter water intake a day.
  • Kind and considerate, the professor explained every mistake in our thesis proposal and gave us ample time for revisions.
  • During the Christmas season, Mia travels for two long days to see her beloved family in the province.
  • The young intern wrote a sloppy report on Tiktok trends. Adjective: young; Noun: intern Adjective: sloppy; Noun: report Adjective: Tiktok; Noun: trends
  • Beatrice looks happy about Rob’s output. Adjective: happy; Noun: Beatrice Adjective: Rob; Noun: output
  • Health experts recommend an 8-hour sleep and 2-liter water intake a day. Adjective: health; Noun: experts Adjective: 8-hour; Noun: sleep Adjective: 2-liter; Noun: water Adjective: water; Noun: intake
  • Kind and considerate, the professor explained every mistake in our thesis proposal and gave us ample time for revisions. Adjectives: Kind, considerate; Noun: the professor Adjective: every; Noun: mistake Adjective: thesis; Noun: proposal Adjective: ample; Noun: time
  • During the Christmas season, Mia travels for two long days to see her beloved family in the province. Adjective: Christmas; Noun: season Adjectives: two, long; Noun: days Adjective: beloved; Noun: family

Thank you for reading. We hope it’s effective! Always feel free to revisit this page if you ever have any questions about  adjectives.

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If you enjoyed learning about adjectives, you may be interested in our English Language Composition 2021 AP Exam Study Guide.

Adverb Phrase: Phrase Modifying Another Word
Prepositions: Answering When and Where

Adjectives for thesis

Thesis adjectives are listed in this post. Each word below can often be found in front of the noun thesis in the same sentence. This reference page can help answer the question what are some adjectives commonly used for describing THESIS.

academic, basic, central, clear, controversial, doctoral, entire, essential, famous, favourite, final

first, fundamental, general, good, graduate, great, historical, important, inaugural, initial, interesting

larger, last, latin, latter, main, major, metaphysical, moral, ms, msc, new

old, opposite, original, other, overall, own, particular, ph.d., phd, philosophical, present

primary, principal, provocative, radical, same, second, senior, similar, simple, single, strong

theological, third, undergraduate, unpublished, very, whole

Hope this word list had the adjective used with thesis you were looking for. Additional describing words / adjectives that describe / adjectives of various nouns can be found in the other pages on this website.

  • Adjectives for degree
  • Adjectives for challenge
  • Adjectives for change
  • Adjectives for essay
  • Adjectives for topic
  • Adjectives for treatise
  • Adjectives for articles
  • Adjectives for difficulty

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  1. Thesis Definition & Meaning

    The meaning of THESIS is a dissertation embodying results of original research and especially substantiating a specific view; especially : one written by a candidate for an academic degree. ... thesis. noun. the· sis ˈthē-səs . plural theses ˈthē-ˌsēz . 1: a statement put forth for discussion or proof : hypothesis. 2

  2. thesis noun

    thesis (that…) a statement or an opinion that is discussed in a logical way and presented with evidence in order to prove that it is true. The basic thesis of the book is fairly simple. These latest findings support the thesis that sexuality is determined by nature rather than choice.

  3. THESIS

    THESIS definition: 1. a long piece of writing on a particular subject, especially one that is done for a higher…. Learn more.

  4. THESIS Definition & Meaning

    Thesis definition: a proposition stated or put forward for consideration, especially one to be discussed and proved or to be maintained against objections. See examples of THESIS used in a sentence.

  5. THESIS definition in American English

    thesis in American English. (ˈθisɪs) noun Word forms: plural -ses (-siz) 1. a proposition stated or put forward for consideration, esp. one to be discussed and proved or to be maintained against objections. He vigorously defended his thesis on the causes of war. 2. a subject for a composition or essay. 3.

  6. thesis

    Noun [ edit] thesis (plural theses) ( rhetoric) A proposition or statement supported by arguments. (by extension) A lengthy essay written to establish the validity of a thesis (sense 1.1), especially one submitted in order to complete the requirements for a non- doctoral degree in the US and a doctoral degree in the UK; a dissertation .

  7. PDF How to Word Thesis Statements

    nouns. In grammatical terms, such thesis statements don't predicate (affirm or assert something about the subject of a proposition). Instead, they rely on anemic verbs like is or are, which function as equal signs that link general nouns with general adjectives rather than specify more complex relationships.

  8. THESIS Synonyms: 44 Similar and Opposite Words

    Synonyms for THESIS: argument, contention, assertion, hypothesis, theory, guess, assumption, hunch; Antonyms of THESIS: fact, knowledge, assurance, certainty

  9. How to Use Articles (a/an/the)

    If the noun is modified by an adjective, the choice between a and an depends on the initial sound of the adjective that immediately follows the article:. a broken egg; an unusual problem; a European country (sounds like 'yer-o-pi-an,' i.e. begins with consonant 'y' sound); Remember, too, that in English, the indefinite articles are used to indicate membership in a group:

  10. adjectives

    3. Depending on the style used, it's currently more common to add an 's to any singular noun that ends in s. That would make it thesis's. (This is what what The Chicago Manual of Style prefers—with a few seldom-encountered exceptions). But it used to be that only a ' would be added, and it's not uncommon to still find that system being used.

  11. THESIS

    THESIS - Synonyms, related words and examples | Cambridge English Thesaurus

  12. Plural of Thesis: A Quick Guide for English Learners

    The plural of thesis is "theses.". In English, most nouns form the plural by adding an "s" at the end. However, "thesis" is one of the few exceptions to this rule. The word "thesis" has a Greek root, and "theses" is how it is pluralized in that original language. Singular.

  13. What Is an Adjective?

    A compound adjective is an adjective that is formed using two or more words that express a single idea (e.g., in-depth). When a compound adjective occurs before the noun it modifies (attributive), the individual words are typically connected by a hyphen. Frequently, no hyphen is needed when the compound adjective is placed after the noun ...

  14. What's the Plural of Thesis? (Thesises? Theses?)

    November 13, 2022. Thesis, which means "proposition", and derives from Greek, is a singular noun. The plural of thesis is theses. Dalia Y. Started Grammarflex (ing) in 2022—been a word nerd and writing enthusiast ever since. (BA, MA in phil). What's the plural of "thesis"?

  15. THESIS definition and meaning

    7 meanings: 1. a dissertation resulting from original research, esp when submitted by a candidate for a degree or diploma 2. a.... Click for more definitions.

  16. Noun phrase complexity, Academic level, and First- and ...

    However, the influence of first- and second-English language background derives from a much broader range of noun modifiers, including eight noun modifiers (e.g., attributive adjectives, relative clauses, infinitive clauses). More diverse NP patterns with different noun modifiers are in the L1 corpus than in the L2 corpus.

  17. thesis noun

    Definition of thesis noun in Oxford Advanced American Dictionary. Meaning, pronunciation, picture, example sentences, grammar, usage notes, synonyms and more.

  18. What is another word for thesis

    A statement or theory that is put forward as a premise to be maintained or proved. hypothesis. supposition. theory. belief. assumption. opinion. argument. surmise.

  19. Adjectives: Modifying Nouns & Pronouns

    Most times, nouns alone cannot encapsulate the intensity of our feelings, experiences, or thoughts. "A devastating storm" sounds more definite than "a storm." We use adjectives (enormous, gigantic, slow, pink, insane, childlike, dull, excellent) to describe nouns or pronouns. The tiny words a, an, and the, also called articles or determiners, are the most frequently used adjectives.

  20. PDF Lexical Semantics of Adjectives

    1.1 Conventional Wisdom on the Adjective Much more has been written in the current linguistic theories about verbs and nouns than on their modifiers, adjectives and adverbs. Adjectives are typically tackled only inasmuch as they are con-stituents of noun phrases which are arguments of verbs. Outside of the "mainstream" of contem-

  21. PDF The adnominal adjective in Attic and Modern Greek

    Modern Greek. In both languages the adjective can precede or follow the modified noun while a definite article can precede both the adjective and the noun. It is stated in literature that the adjective functions either as attributive or as predicative modifier. Using alternative terminology (by Huddleston and Pullum 2002) for all functions,

  22. Adjectives for thesis

    Thesis adjectives are listed in this post. Each word below can often be found in front of the noun thesis in the same sentence. This reference page can help answer the question what are some adjectives commonly used for describing THESIS. academic, basic, central, clear, controversial, doctoral, entire, essential, famous, favourite, final first, fundamental, general, […]

  23. Is Thesis A Noun Or Adjective

    Is Thesis A Noun Or Adjective, Essay On Maria Sharapova, Example Of A Pgce Personal Statement, How To Write An Awesome Speech, A Good Thesis Will, Continue Education Nurse Papers Research, Cover Letter For Office Assistant/receptionist Good things take time. But we'll deliver your paper by the time needed.