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Submitting Your Thesis or Dissertation Video Transcript

This video tutorial explains how to submit your thesis or dissertation to ProQuest.

Welcome to UNLV Libraries’ Graduate Workshop Quicktakes.

“Submitting Your Work to the ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Database,” is the result of a collaboration between UNLV Libraries and the Graduate College.

We will show you how to submit your thesis or dissertation to the Proquest system, offer information to help you decide if an embargo or copyright protection is the right choice for you, and let you know who to contact if you have further questions.

Once your final thesis or dissertation has been approved by the Graduate College, they will email you an official, approved PDF of your project, along with everything you need to begin the upload process.

Using the link in your email from the Graduate College, navigate to ProQuest’s ETDAdministrator at https://etdadmin.com , and select the red “Sign Up” button. Creating your Account is pretty straightforward. One thing to note here is that your UNLV school email address will eventually expire after graduation, so you may wish to add a permanent email address.

The first couple of steps walk you through your ProQuest Publishing Options. The first question has to do with making your work discoverable online. If you prefer, ProQuest can “hide” your thesis or dissertation by preventing Google Scholar, Yahoo, Bing, and so on, from crawling the site where your work will be. The second question asks whether you want your work to be available immediately, or if you’d like to delay availability by placing an “embargo” on it. If you want your work to be available online immediately, choose yes. An embargo will prevent others from viewing your thesis or dissertation. This option makes sense if you are looking to publish your work elsewhere and the publisher considers access to a thesis or dissertation to be problematic. Always check with your potential publisher or the contract you signed with them.

All embargo requests must go through the Graduate College, so please contact them if you wish to embargo your work. You can complete the ProQuest submission process even if you have an embargo that is pending approval.

At this step, you are granting ProQuest a license to include your work in its database. ProQuest is a commercial entity, and it needs your agreement to add your work to its product: they sell access to their databases to libraries and other organizations.

Accepting this agreement is mandatory. It is an important part of UNLV’s record-keeping, and it makes your work accessible to other scholars.

The next step is to add your contact information. You’ll also see a field for your ORCID ID. ORCID is the Open Researcher and Contributor ID (ORCID) registry.

For more information check out the library’s research guide.

After adding your contact information, you will need to add information that describes your work. By carefully selecting keywords, for example, you can increase the chances that other scholars will be able to discover and cite your work.

Remember when uploading your PDF that it is very important that you submit only the official, approved PDF sent to you by the Graduate College.

You will be asked whether you want ProQuest to file for copyright on your behalf (for a $55 fee). Be advised that you can register copyright yourself at the website of the US copyright office for $35. Either way, this is optional. Copyright exists from the moment the work is created. You will have to register, however, if you wish to bring a lawsuit for infringement of a U.S. work.

The final option is ordering a bound copy. You can order a bound copy of your dissertation or thesis through ProQuest, but due to the long wait -- 4-6 months -- we recommend against it. If you wish to bind your thesis, we recommend Rebel Copy & Send in the Student Union, or the HRGroup https://thesisondemand.com .

When you’ve completed all the steps, click Submit. Your initial submission will be reviewed and accepted in 1-5 days, and you will be notified if there are any problems that need your attention. After your degree is conferred, your thesis or dissertation will be published by ProQuest in its Dissertations and Theses database. It will also be made available through the university's open access repository. We hope this tutorial has helped de-mystify the ETD submission process. You can always contact the Graduate College ( [email protected] ) or the Library’s Scholarly Communications Department ( [email protected] ) if you have questions.

For more workshops created for Graduate students, keep an eye on this page: https://www.library.unlv.edu/services/instruction/workshops

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http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0157-5319 Ahtisham Younas 1 , 2 ,
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7839-8130 Parveen Ali 3 , 4
1 Memorial University of Newfoundland , St John's , Newfoundland , Canada
2 Swat College of Nursing , Pakistan
3 School of Nursing and Midwifery , University of Sheffield , Sheffield , South Yorkshire , UK
4 Sheffield University Interpersonal Violence Research Group , Sheffield University , Sheffield , UK
Correspondence to Ahtisham Younas, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St John's, NL A1C 5C4, Canada; ay6133{at}mun.ca

https://doi.org/10.1136/ebnurs-2021-103417

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Introduction

Literature reviews offer a critical synthesis of empirical and theoretical literature to assess the strength of evidence, develop guidelines for practice and policymaking, and identify areas for future research. 1 It is often essential and usually the first task in any research endeavour, particularly in masters or doctoral level education. For effective data extraction and rigorous synthesis in reviews, the use of literature summary tables is of utmost importance. A literature summary table provides a synopsis of an included article. It succinctly presents its purpose, methods, findings and other relevant information pertinent to the review. The aim of developing these literature summary tables is to provide the reader with the information at one glance. Since there are multiple types of reviews (eg, systematic, integrative, scoping, critical and mixed methods) with distinct purposes and techniques, 2 there could be various approaches for developing literature summary tables making it a complex task specialty for the novice researchers or reviewers. Here, we offer five tips for authors of the review articles, relevant to all types of reviews, for creating useful and relevant literature summary tables. We also provide examples from our published reviews to illustrate how useful literature summary tables can be developed and what sort of information should be provided.

Tip 1: provide detailed information about frameworks and methods

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Tabular literature summaries from a scoping review. Source: Rasheed et al . 3

The provision of information about conceptual and theoretical frameworks and methods is useful for several reasons. First, in quantitative (reviews synthesising the results of quantitative studies) and mixed reviews (reviews synthesising the results of both qualitative and quantitative studies to address a mixed review question), it allows the readers to assess the congruence of the core findings and methods with the adapted framework and tested assumptions. In qualitative reviews (reviews synthesising results of qualitative studies), this information is beneficial for readers to recognise the underlying philosophical and paradigmatic stance of the authors of the included articles. For example, imagine the authors of an article, included in a review, used phenomenological inquiry for their research. In that case, the review authors and the readers of the review need to know what kind of (transcendental or hermeneutic) philosophical stance guided the inquiry. Review authors should, therefore, include the philosophical stance in their literature summary for the particular article. Second, information about frameworks and methods enables review authors and readers to judge the quality of the research, which allows for discerning the strengths and limitations of the article. For example, if authors of an included article intended to develop a new scale and test its psychometric properties. To achieve this aim, they used a convenience sample of 150 participants and performed exploratory (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) on the same sample. Such an approach would indicate a flawed methodology because EFA and CFA should not be conducted on the same sample. The review authors must include this information in their summary table. Omitting this information from a summary could lead to the inclusion of a flawed article in the review, thereby jeopardising the review’s rigour.

Tip 2: include strengths and limitations for each article

Critical appraisal of individual articles included in a review is crucial for increasing the rigour of the review. Despite using various templates for critical appraisal, authors often do not provide detailed information about each reviewed article’s strengths and limitations. Merely noting the quality score based on standardised critical appraisal templates is not adequate because the readers should be able to identify the reasons for assigning a weak or moderate rating. Many recent critical appraisal checklists (eg, Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool) discourage review authors from assigning a quality score and recommend noting the main strengths and limitations of included studies. It is also vital that methodological and conceptual limitations and strengths of the articles included in the review are provided because not all review articles include empirical research papers. Rather some review synthesises the theoretical aspects of articles. Providing information about conceptual limitations is also important for readers to judge the quality of foundations of the research. For example, if you included a mixed-methods study in the review, reporting the methodological and conceptual limitations about ‘integration’ is critical for evaluating the study’s strength. Suppose the authors only collected qualitative and quantitative data and did not state the intent and timing of integration. In that case, the strength of the study is weak. Integration only occurred at the levels of data collection. However, integration may not have occurred at the analysis, interpretation and reporting levels.

Tip 3: write conceptual contribution of each reviewed article

While reading and evaluating review papers, we have observed that many review authors only provide core results of the article included in a review and do not explain the conceptual contribution offered by the included article. We refer to conceptual contribution as a description of how the article’s key results contribute towards the development of potential codes, themes or subthemes, or emerging patterns that are reported as the review findings. For example, the authors of a review article noted that one of the research articles included in their review demonstrated the usefulness of case studies and reflective logs as strategies for fostering compassion in nursing students. The conceptual contribution of this research article could be that experiential learning is one way to teach compassion to nursing students, as supported by case studies and reflective logs. This conceptual contribution of the article should be mentioned in the literature summary table. Delineating each reviewed article’s conceptual contribution is particularly beneficial in qualitative reviews, mixed-methods reviews, and critical reviews that often focus on developing models and describing or explaining various phenomena. Figure 2 offers an example of a literature summary table. 4

Tabular literature summaries from a critical review. Source: Younas and Maddigan. 4

Tip 4: compose potential themes from each article during summary writing

While developing literature summary tables, many authors use themes or subthemes reported in the given articles as the key results of their own review. Such an approach prevents the review authors from understanding the article’s conceptual contribution, developing rigorous synthesis and drawing reasonable interpretations of results from an individual article. Ultimately, it affects the generation of novel review findings. For example, one of the articles about women’s healthcare-seeking behaviours in developing countries reported a theme ‘social-cultural determinants of health as precursors of delays’. Instead of using this theme as one of the review findings, the reviewers should read and interpret beyond the given description in an article, compare and contrast themes, findings from one article with findings and themes from another article to find similarities and differences and to understand and explain bigger picture for their readers. Therefore, while developing literature summary tables, think twice before using the predeveloped themes. Including your themes in the summary tables (see figure 1 ) demonstrates to the readers that a robust method of data extraction and synthesis has been followed.

Tip 5: create your personalised template for literature summaries

Often templates are available for data extraction and development of literature summary tables. The available templates may be in the form of a table, chart or a structured framework that extracts some essential information about every article. The commonly used information may include authors, purpose, methods, key results and quality scores. While extracting all relevant information is important, such templates should be tailored to meet the needs of the individuals’ review. For example, for a review about the effectiveness of healthcare interventions, a literature summary table must include information about the intervention, its type, content timing, duration, setting, effectiveness, negative consequences, and receivers and implementers’ experiences of its usage. Similarly, literature summary tables for articles included in a meta-synthesis must include information about the participants’ characteristics, research context and conceptual contribution of each reviewed article so as to help the reader make an informed decision about the usefulness or lack of usefulness of the individual article in the review and the whole review.

In conclusion, narrative or systematic reviews are almost always conducted as a part of any educational project (thesis or dissertation) or academic or clinical research. Literature reviews are the foundation of research on a given topic. Robust and high-quality reviews play an instrumental role in guiding research, practice and policymaking. However, the quality of reviews is also contingent on rigorous data extraction and synthesis, which require developing literature summaries. We have outlined five tips that could enhance the quality of the data extraction and synthesis process by developing useful literature summaries.

Aromataris E ,
Rasheed SP ,

Twitter @Ahtisham04, @parveenazamali

Funding The authors have not declared a specific grant for this research from any funding agency in the public, commercial or not-for-profit sectors.

Competing interests None declared.

Patient consent for publication Not required.

Provenance and peer review Not commissioned; externally peer reviewed.

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