essay on electricity crisis in summer season

An older woman a T-shirt leans on her elbow toward a small electric fan on a table top.

America faces a power disconnection crisis amid rising heat: In 31 states, utilities can shut off electricity for nonpayment in a heat wave

essay on electricity crisis in summer season

Presidential Distinguished Professor of Energy Policy and City Planning, University of Pennsylvania

Lynton K. Caldwell Professor, Indiana University

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Sanya Carley has received funding from the National Science Foundation and the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation for work related to the material discussed in this article.

David Konisky has received funding from the National Science Foundation and the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation for work related to the material discussed in this article.

Indiana University provides funding as a member of The Conversation US.

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Millions of Americans have been sweltering through heat waves in recent weeks, and U.S. forecasters warn of a hot summer ahead .

Globally, 2023 saw the warmest June on record , according to the European Union’s climate change service. That heat continued into July, with some of the hottest global daily temperatures on satellite record, and possibly the hottest .

For people who struggle to afford air conditioning, the rising need for cooling is a growing crisis.

An alarming number of Americans risk losing access to utility services because they can’t pay their bills. Energy utility providers shut off electricity to at least 3 million customers in 2022 who had missed a bill payment. Over 30% of these disconnections happened in the three summer months, during a year that was the fifth hottest on record .

In some cases, the loss of service lasted for just a few hours. But in others, people went without electricity for days or weeks while scrambling to find enough money to restore service, often only to face disconnection again.

As researchers who study energy justice and energy insecurity , we believe the United States is in the midst of a disconnection crisis. We started tracking these disconnections utility by utility around the country, and we believe that the crisis will only get worse as the impacts of climate change become more widespread and more severe. In our view, it is time government agencies and utilities start treating household energy security as a national priority .

1 in 4 households face energy insecurity

Americans tend to think about the loss of electricity as something infrequent and temporary. For most, it is a rare inconvenience stemming from a heat wave or storm.

But for millions of U.S. households, the risk of losing power is a constant concern. According to the most recent data from the U.S. Energy Information Administration, 1 in 4 American households experience some form of energy insecurity each year, with no appreciable improvement over the past decade.

For many low-income households, the risk of a power shut-off reoccurs month after month . In a recent study, we found that over the course of a single year, half of all households whose power was disconnected dealt with disconnections multiple times as they struggled to pay their bills.

A woman sits on wooden steps outside a door. Two backpacks, one belonging to a small child, sit on the steps beside her.

Energy insecurity like this is especially common among low-income Americans , people of color, families with young children, individuals who rely on electronic medical devices or those living in poor housing conditions. During the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic, we found that Black and Hispanic households were three and four times, respectively, more likely to lose service than white households.

Along with existing financial constraints, people are facing rising electricity rates in many areas, rising inflation and higher temperatures that require cooling. Some also face a history of redlining and poor city planning that has concentrated certain populations in less efficient homes. Taken together, the crisis is apparent.

Coping strategies can put health at risk

We have found that over half of all low-income households engage in some coping strategies , and most of them find they need multiple strategies at once.

They might leave the air conditioner off in summer, allowing the heat to reach uncomfortable and potentially unsafe temperatures to reduce costs. Or they might forgo food or medicine to pay their energy bills, or strategically pay down one bill rather than another, known as “bill balancing.” Others turn to payday loans that might help temporarily but ultimately put them in deeper debt. In our research, we have found that the most common coping strategies are also the most risky.

Once people fall behind on their bills, they are at risk of being disconnected by their utility providers.

The loss of critical energy services may mean that affected people cannot keep their homes cool – or warm during the winter months – or food refrigerated during any season. Shut-offs may mean that people with illnesses or disabilities cannot keep medicines refrigerated or medical devices charged . And during times of extreme cold or heat, the loss of energy utility services can have deadly consequences .

Where disconnection rates are highest

Our research team recently launched the Utility Disconnections Dashboard in which we track utility disconnections in all places where data is available.

In recent years, more states have required regulated utilities across the country to disclose the number of customers they disconnect. However, state regulations only apply to the utilities that they regulate. Public utilities and cooperatives, which serve over 20% of U.S. electricity customers, often aren’t covered. That leaves massive gaps in understanding of the full magnitude of the problem.

A screengrab of the Utility Disconnections Dashboard shows data from the state of Indiana, where five utilities had more than 2,000 disconnections each due to customers not paying bills on time. Indiana's total was over 32,000 in 2022.

The data we do have reveals that disconnection rates soar during the summer months and are typically highest in the Southeast – the same states that were baking under a heat dome in June and July 2023.

Places with particularly high disconnection rates include Alabama, where the city of Dothan’s municipal utility has disconnected an average of 5% of its customers, and Florida, where the city of Tallahassee has a disconnection rate of over 4%.

Large investor-owned utilities in Florida, Georgia, South Carolina and Indiana also top the charts in disconnections, with average rates near 1%.

Only 19 states restrict summer shut-offs

State public utility commissions place certain restrictions on the circumstances when utilities can disconnect customers, but summer heat is often overlooked.

All but a handful of states limit utilities from shutting off customers during winter months or on extremely cold days. Most have at least some medical exemptions.

Yet, the majority of states do not place any limits on utility disconnections during summer months or on very hot days. Only 19 states have such summer protections, which typically take the form of designating time periods or temperatures when customers cannot be disconnected from their service. We believe this is untenable in an era of climate change, as more parts of the country will increasingly experience excessive-heat days .

These state-level policies provide a baseline of protection. We learned during the COVID-19 pandemic that moratoriums that prohibit utility disconnections can alleviate energy insecurity by establishing a strong mandate against disconnections.

But these policies are highly variable across the country and particularly insufficient during hot summer months. Moreover, customer protections can be difficult for people to find and understand, since the language can be overly convoluted and confusing, placing additional an burden on already vulnerable Americans to discover for themselves how they can avoid losing service.

Better rules and a new mindset on right to energy

As we see it, the U.S. needs more robust customer protections, with states, if not the federal government, mandating better disclosure of when and where disconnections occur to identify any systemic biases.

Most of all, we believe Americans need a collective change in mindset about energy access. That should start with a principle that all people should have access to critical energy services and that utilities should only shut off service to customers as a last resort, especially during health-compromising weather events.

The country cannot wait for deadly heat waves to prove how important it is to protect American households.

This article, originally published July 5, 2023, was updated July 7 with the June 2023 heat record and more July heat.

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California Narrowly Averts an Electricity Crisis Amid Scorching Heat

By Shawn Hubler , Kellen Browning , Ivan Penn and Jill Cowan

Sept. 6, 2022

SACRAMENTO — Wildfires raged at both ends of California. Gavin Newsom, the state’s governor, warned of “unprecedented” heat. The power grid teetered on the brink of outages into the evening.

But as California endured its sixth day under a ferocious heat dome, the nation’s most populous state narrowly managed to avert rolling blackouts, even as temperature and energy use records shattered on Tuesday and power grid officials begged homeowners to turn down their air conditioning.

The mere maintenance of electricity in most of the state was celebrated as a minor triumph after California’s Independent System Operator, which manages most of the state’s grid, issued a “Level 3” emergency alert earlier in the evening, a sign that outages were imminent.

By then Sacramento, the state capital, had reached a suffocating 116 degrees, its highest-ever recorded temperature, prompting soccer leagues to cancel practices, gardeners to stop working at noon and schools to keep students indoors during recess.

“I’ve been here for 30 years, and I can’t remember it ever being this hot this many days in a row,” said Jeff Williamson, 53, a commercial roofing contractor who was standing outside a Sacramento coffee shop as a blinding sun drove the morning air toward 90 degrees before breakfast. The sky was so blue that the very atmosphere seemed stripped of a layer.

“You can taste it,” Mr. Williamson said. “People say it’s a dry heat. Well, so’s an open flame.”

After a scorching Labor Day weekend that fueled deadly wildfires and freakish desert downpours , temperatures soared even higher on Tuesday. About 42 million Americans were under excessive heat warnings, including those in parts of Nevada and Arizona, with red-flag fire conditions covering the Pacific Northwest, Montana and Idaho.

Fresno broke a century-old record for the day, hitting 114 degrees. Santa Rosa in Wine Country hit 115 degrees, another record. Livermore hit 116 degrees, matching a record set Monday. To the north, the city of Ukiah shattered its record , reaching 117 degrees. Even some neighborhoods in reliably cool San Francisco flirted with triple digits.

Throughout the day, state officials pleaded desperately for conservation. Strategic blackouts are integral to managing the grid, allowing the state to preserve energy supplies when demand soars. Utilities cut power to designated neighborhoods and regions for a set period of time, trying to spread the pain as evenly as possible in an era when power outlets drive more aspects of American living than ever before.

But blackouts can have severe health consequences for the most vulnerable residents, particularly older people who cannot handle high temperatures or who rely on lifesaving devices. And politically, outages have loomed perilously over California leaders ever since Gray Davis was recalled as governor in 2003 and replaced by Arnold Schwarzenegger.

Mr. Davis presided over the state just as California’s deregulated energy market fell prey to traders, forcing the state to shut off power. While Mr. Davis had other political vulnerabilities, voters remembered him in part as the governor who could not keep the lights on.

For Mr. Newsom, a rising Democratic star who has pointedly compared California’s handling of climate-driven emergencies with those of Gov. Greg Abbott’s Republican administration in Texas, the ability to forestall outages was both practically and politically important. In a recorded message released early Tuesday, Mr. Newsom had warned urgently that “the risk for outages is real.”

By midafternoon, the state had broken a record , set 16 years ago, for energy use, with demand forecasts topping 52,000 megawatts. At 5:30 p.m., California ISO issued its highest level of alert — the last possible precursor for blackouts, and a few Northern California cities cut power to some areas over the course of about an hour.

By 8 p.m., however, the operator had dialed back its warning.

“Thank you, California,” the ISO tweeted , noting that “consumer conservation played a big part” in averting the crisis.

“Record-breaking temperatures. More demand on our energy grid than ever before. But we avoided emergency power outages tonight,” Mr. Newsom tweeted . “We can do this. If we keep it up we can get through this unprecedented heatwave.”

California hasn’t initiated blackouts since August 2020, when the state took that desperate step because it could no longer supply enough power to meet demand.

Daniel L. Swain, a climate scientist at the University of California, Los Angeles, said that the heat that had settled over much of the West had been “extraordinary in almost every dimension except humidity.”

The danger, he added, was not just in the exceptional heat, but also its “mind-blowing” duration. “Sacramento has rarely seen temperatures of 110 degrees plus for three, four days on end,” he said.

The cumulative impact, Mr. Swain said, has not only superheated air masses during the day but has also made nights warmer, worsening drought, turning trees and brush into tinder and intensifying fire risks.

“We’re going on a week now in a lot of the state where the temperatures, even at night, don’t go below 85 degrees, right before the autumn wind season,” Mr. Swain said. “What do you think that’s doing to vegetation? Nothing good.”

After enduring calamitous fires in the past few years, California residents now brace every summer and fall for weeks of infernos and smoke-filled skies. But this year’s fire season has by many measures been less intense so far. Last year, enormous fires burned more than 2.5 million acres in California; just 241,074 acres have burned so far in 2022.

Still, the weeks ahead typically comprise the worst of fire season.

Track Wildfires in the U.S.

See the latest wildfires as the 2024 season gets underway.

More than a dozen large fires roared Tuesday throughout the state, with 45 new blazes erupting statewide on Sunday alone, according to the California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection.

By Tuesday afternoon, the Fairview fire near Hemet had spread to 4,500 acres, killing two people who appeared to have been trying to escape, destroying at least seven structures and prompting evacuations. The Hemet Unified School District closed schools on Tuesday for its 24,000 students.

Those deaths were in addition to two over the weekend from the Mill fire , which erupted on Friday near a defunct lumber mill in the town of Weed, Calif., near the Oregon border. It was 60 percent contained by Tuesday night after consuming more than 4,200 acres and destroying at least 100 homes, local officials said, including in the Lincoln Heights area of Weed, a historically Black community founded by mill workers in the 1920s.

A few miles to the west, the Mountain fire in Siskiyou County grew to more than 11,000 acres, a land mass roughly the size of the city of Berkeley. Chewing through steep canyons rattling with dry vegetation, it was only 30 percent contained, the state fire authorities said.

In parts of Los Angeles County, a 15-day outdoor watering ban amplified the misery index for about four million customers of the Metropolitan Water District as crews made planned repairs to a pipeline that carries water from the Colorado River to Southern California. In San Diego, parts of the cooling system broke down in a 22-story courthouse downtown. At U.C.L.A., students and faculty members finishing up the summer term were told to work remotely rather than spend time in dozens of buildings that wouldn’t have air-conditioning.

Some of the biggest concerns were in the bay-hugging cities of Oakland and San Francisco, where sea breezes are so reliable that few buildings have air-conditioning. Temperatures soared past 90 degrees in some neighborhoods before midafternoon winds provided welcome relief.

BART trains operated at reduced speeds for most of the day because of the potential for heat-warped tracks to cause derailments. Oakland officials set up a large white tent with a large fan and a mister near a prominent freeway homeless encampment and tried to move some people into tiny houses.

“It’s OK in the shade,” Jude Murcgacz, a 49-year-old encampment resident, said as he held two small dogs. “The sun is pretty hard.”

The most intense heat was concentrated on Tuesday in Northern California and the Central Valley, where government agencies turned up office thermostats to save energy and outdoor workers were sent home early.

In Livermore — where more than 5,800 Pacific Gas & Electric customers lost power Monday evening for several hours because of equipment failures related to 116-degree heat and high demand, PG&E said — some families brought their children downtown to splash in public fountains, seeking relief.

“This is definitely global warming,” Tami Vusia said as her 4-year-old daughter Zella played in the water. Worried about heat exhaustion, she said she had brought her child from nearby Fremont because she does not have air-conditioning.

Though Tuesday was expected to be the most extreme day for heat during this spell, meteorologists said the heat was unlikely to ease much in California before Thursday and could linger beyond that in other parts of the West. In the longer term, it is a harbinger of a new normal, Mr. Swain of U.C.L.A. said.

“The number of heat events that would have been impossible to fathom in the 20th century that have happened in the last three months is astonishing,” Mr. Swain said. “Wildfires burning rowhouses in London. The heat wave for weeks on end in China. Now this. The extraordinary has become ordinary when it comes to extreme heat.”

Holly Secon contributed reporting.

Shawn Hubler is a California correspondent based in Sacramento. Before joining The Times in 2020 she spent nearly two decades covering the state for The Los Angeles Times as a roving reporter, columnist and magazine writer, and shared three Pulitzer Prizes won by the paper's Metro staff. More about Shawn Hubler

Kellen Browning is a technology reporter in San Francisco, where he covers the gig economy, the video game industry and general tech news. More about Kellen Browning

Ivan Penn is a Los Angeles-based reporter covering alternative energy. Before coming to The New York Times in 2018 he covered utility and energy issues at The Tampa Bay Times and The Los Angeles Times. More about Ivan Penn

Jill Cowan is a Los Angeles-based reporter for the National desk covering California. More about Jill Cowan

Amid Summer Heat, Millions at Risk of Electricity Shut-Offs

For people who struggle to afford air conditioning, the rising need for cooling – and the threat of losing it – is a growing crisis.

Threat of Summer Power Shut-Offs Grows

William DeShazer | The Washington Post | Getty Images

Melissa Besong, 40, of Nashville, sits outside the office of an energy assistance nonprofit after filling out an application to keep her electricity from being cut off.

Millions of Americans have already been sweltering through heat waves this summer, and forecasters warn of hot months ahead . July 3 and 4, 2023, were two of the hottest days, and possibly the hottest , on satellite record globally.

For people who struggle to afford air conditioning, the rising need for cooling is a growing crisis.

An alarming number of Americans risk losing access to utility service altogether because they can’t pay their bills. Energy utility providers shut off electricity to at least 3 million customers in 2022 who had missed a bill payment. Over 30% of these disconnections happened in the three summer months, during a year that was the fifth hottest on record .

Rural Hospital Closures by State

1 in 4 Households Face Energy Insecurity

Americans tend to think about the loss of electricity as something infrequent and temporary. For most, it is a rare inconvenience stemming from a heat wave or storm.

Coping Strategies Can Put Health at Risk

We have found that over half of all low-income households engage in some coping strategies , and most of them find they need multiple strategies at once.

Sanya Carley | The Conversation | CC-BY-ND

Once people fall behind on their bills, they are at risk of being disconnected by their utility providers.

Where Disconnection Rates Are Highest

Our research team recently launched the Utility Disconnections Dashboard in which we track utility disconnections in all places where data is available.

The Utility Disconnections Dashboard shows the number and rate of disconnections by utility in each state. Energy Justice Lab , CC BY-ND The data we do have reveals that disconnection rates soar during the summer months and are typically highest in the Southeast – the same states that were baking under a heat dome in June and July 2023.

Large investor-owned utilities in Florida, Georgia, South Carolina and Indiana also top the charts in disconnections, with average rates near 1%.

Only 19 States Restrict Summer Shut-offs

State public utility commissions place certain restrictions on the circumstances when utilities can disconnect customers, but summer heat is often overlooked.

All but a handful of states limit utilities from shutting off customers during winter months or on extremely cold days. Most have at least some medical exemptions.

Better Rules and a New Mindset on Right to Energy

Sanya Carley , Presidential Distinguished Professor of Energy Policy and City Planning, University of Pennsylvania and David Konisky , Lynton K. Caldwell Professor, Indiana University

This article is republished from The Conversation under a Creative Commons license. Read the original article .

Join the Conversation

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Lebanon electricity crisis: ‘Disaster in the making’

After years of stalling reforms, Lebanon is running out of time – and money – to keep the lights on.

Beirut, Lebanon – Lebanon’s electricity sector is again on the verge of total failure, and the government has once more continued to throw money at it, instead of fixing it.

State-run producer Électricité du Liban (EDL) ran out of funds to purchase fuel, so the government issued a letter to the central bank for an advance from its withering reserves.

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A source from the energy ministry told Al Jazeera the advance is worth $200m. The central bank’s subsidies, estimated at more than $15bn, are depleting rapidly, and Lebanon’s expensive and ineffective electricity sector is partly to blame.

In a May 2020 presentation to international donors, Energy Minister Raymond Ghajar said that losses from the electricity sector cost about $1.6bn in public funds every year, though some reports say it can bleed up to $2bn. That is about 3 percent of the country’s entire economy , and experts told Al Jazeera it makes up for almost half of the cash-strapped country’s public debt.

“In the absence of any political solutions, we’re just kicking the can down the road,” Marc Ayoub, Energy Researcher at the American University of Beirut’s Issam Fares Institute, told Al Jazeera. “If we pay $200m, we carry on for two or three more months, then what? We cannot continue like this.”

Struggling economy

Other stopgap measures have failed or stalled, most notably a fuel-for-medical-services deal with Iraq, where reportedly for security reasons caretaker Prime Minister Hassan Diab did not fly to the country to secure the deal in late April. On Tuesday, Hezbollah Secretary General Hassan Nasrallah suggested the Tehran-backed group is ready to negotiate and purchase fuel from Iran.

Lebanese households for almost three decades put up with daily intermittent power cuts that last for three hours in Beirut, though power cuts elsewhere usually last longer.

Those who can afford it pay private generator suppliers for an extra power boost. And despite the sheer ineffectiveness, the government continued to sustain the system: subsidising fuel and maintaining its bloated workforce, which activists and experts say are part of the political parties’ “clientelistic networks”.

While citizens and policy experts alike have condemned the country’s ineffective electricity sector, Lebanon’s struggling economy has renewed concerns of not being able to keep the lights on. Lebanon is reeling from a crushing economic crisis, with a local currency that has lost around 85 percent of its value and food prices among the highest in the world.

Today, power cuts have become more frequent, even in some of the most affluent parts of the capital. Power plants are shutting down, after running out of fuel to operate. In some cases, the EDL cannot pay for fuel from oil tankers that had already arrived in the country. Most recently, Turkey’s Karpower shut down two floating power barges – which provided a quarter of the country’s electricity – due to payment arrears.

Generator suppliers now say they are struggling to break even because of soaring demand and skyrocketing costs. One distributor, Kassem, told Al Jazeera they are resorting to buying fuel at extraordinary prices on the black market, amid shortages.

“Power cuts in Beirut were three hours but are hitting 12 hours sometimes,” he said anxiously, explaining most generators will overheat after about six hours. “The weather is nice at the moment, but once it gets hotter, demand will increase.”

And, like elsewhere in Lebanon’s struggling markets, Kassem said price hikes are imminent to cover expensive fuel and generator maintenance. “We can’t fill gaps left by the state. To think that we can replace state electricity almost entirely with generators is nonsense.”

Empty promises and vested interests

For more than a decade, Lebanese officials have promised sweeping structural reforms that would secure uninterrupted electricity while stopping the haemorrhaging of public finances. Whether it was bringing in more power plants, diversifying fuel sources for more efficiency, and even investing in solar panels, wind farms and hydroelectric power, the authorities said they had a vision to reduce the deficit and to develop this archaic sector.

Much of these promises are based on a 2010 “ambitious but realistic” policy paper by then-energy minister Gebran Bassil, which he said would reduce losses from the sector to zero by 2014. Bassil also said in his paper this reformation plan could make the sector possibly profitable by 2015.

Bassil’s successors were often from the same political party he now heads, the Free Patriotic Movement, and have since pushed for this plan both in government and to the international community. Its latest reiteration was in April 2019.

Not much of the plan went into effect, apart from bringing in two Turkish floating power barges. Initially a temporary measure, the barges are still docked in Lebanon to this day. Despite worsening economic circumstances and the repeated failure to implement the plan, the Lebanese authorities continue to push for it, with virtually no adjustments.

“The ministry has typically had that sense that they have their policy paper and don’t need to look elsewhere,” independent energy policy consultant Jessica Obeid told Al Jazeera. “This is problematic because at some point the ministry’s key concern became implementing that policy than finding a different way to provide electricity.”

Implementing the policy plan is quite expensive from start until finish; then-Energy Minister Bassil said the government would contribute up to $1.55bn, the private sector $2.32bn, and a total of $2.65bn from the international community.

With the country’s financial wellbeing rapidly deteriorating since then, Lebanon in 2018 had asked the international community to contribute almost $5.6bn for its electricity sector development projects at an international donor conference in Paris. The international community has since urged Lebanon to enact economic reforms and accountability mechanisms to unlock billions of dollars in developmental aid.

That said, a source at the energy ministry told Al Jazeera the current government, only functioning at a caretaker capacity, has its hands tied.

“[The caretaker government] cannot make any financial decisions,” the source said. “The main impediment is [the lack] of a full-fledged government.”

‘Not reinventing the wheel’

Lebanon has been without a government for 10 months, and continuing quarrels between President Michel Aoun and Prime Minister-elect Saad Hariri have caused a crippling deadlock. Not even French President Emmanuel Macron, who promised to secure development aid, could break the logjam.

But Obeid and other experts say that the country’s sectarian power-sharing system built on “vested interests”.

Even building power plants or contracting companies for development projects is linked to the country’s political class. One notable case was the proposed power plant in the northern coastal town of Selaata in late 2019. The town is not on the grid, and activists and politicians alike accused the FPM-backed Energy Ministry of proposing the site for its own political motives, given its location in a Christian town.

Though the plant faced major opposition even from within the country’s ruling political parties, it continued to be a heavily promoted component element of Lebanon’s electricity reform proposals as recently as May 2020. By September, even French President Emmanuel Macron reportedly demanded to scrap plans for the controversial power plant.

Électricité du Liban itself is a politicised entity. One year ago, the government appointed its new board of directors through an opaque process based on sectarian quotas.

Marc Ayoub, the energy researcher, said many feasible steps could be taken to resolve this crisis. “We’re not reinventing the wheel here,” he said, explaining that any solution to solving Lebanon’s power problems also lie in a wider economic restructuring. But will the country’s leadership give up its endemic nepotism and political interests?

“Whatever we’re proposing, it’s against the interest of the political elite,” Ayoub added. “We’re telling them to stop benefitting from something they’ve been benefitting from for 20 years.”

At the same time, both officials and experts alike do not expect any investment into Lebanon to restructure its fragile electricity sector without an International Monetary Fund-approved economic rescue plan, though talks have not resumed for almost a year since they broke down in July 2020.

So how long can Lebanon continue to keep the lights while its current setup drains the little that is left of public finances? One year, Obeid said.

“In the current situation where we’re heading, my assumption is that they’re going to keep depleting whatever’s left of depositors money,” she said. “It’s a disaster in the making.”

Essay on “Energy Crisis in Pakistan” for CSS, PMS, Judiciary Examinations

August 30, 2021
Essay for CSS PMS and Judiciary Exam

This is an essay on “Energy Crisis in Pakistan” for CSS, PMS, and Judiciary Examinations. The energy crisis is the largest single drain on Pakistan’s economy. This crisis stems from a fuel mix transformation initiated two decades ago when power generation came to rely more on imported furnace oil than hydropower. The current energy crisis began to manifest itself in earnest by late 2007. So here is a complete Essay on “Energy Crisis in Pakistan” for CSS, PMS.

Introduction

Energy, demand for all fields
Cheap ways of producing Energy

Causes of Energy Crisis

Lack of dams
Inability to explore coal: 6th largest coal reserves in the world
Lack of renewable energy sources
The problem of circular debt
Losses in transmission and distribution
Wastage of energy
Domestic and household consumption
Aging of the equipment
High cost of fuel
Economic loss
Agricultural loss
Closure of industries
Unemployment
Social issues

Energy Policy (2013-2018)

Suggestions

Alternative sources of Energy

Nuclear power

Building of darns
Long term dams
Medium-term dams
Short term dams

Exploit the coal reserves

Regional gas and oil pipelines

IPI project

TAPI project

Updating the system of transmission and distribution

Essay on “Energy Crisis in Pakistan” for CSS, PMS, Judiciary Examinations

Energy is the lifeline of a nation. The economic engine and the wheels of industry, agriculture, and business need the energy to move forward. Pakistan faces a major energy crisis in natural gas, power, and oil. Power outages usually last 10-12 hours a day in the cities and more in the rural areas. This has left the industries of Pakistan (mainly agricultural, secondary and tertiary sectors) stunned and so they are unable to fully operate.

This has a very negative impact on the economy of the country. The demand for energy in Pakistan is huge, and cannot be fulfilled by electricity production based on oil. It can only meet 20% of our requirement through native production and the remaining oil is imported from the Gulf States and other countries. No major oil, the field has been discovered in the last three decades. It is clear that other alternative production methods must be considered to meet the demand. Most likely one that is cheap, considering the initial setup cost, and costs attached.

The second method of production we use is thermal (i-e using coal to produce electricity). Pakistan has been blessed with wealthy mineral resources, but the sad part is that we are too ign0rant to explore them. We are sitting on gold mines and yet we do nothing about it. Balochistan, for instance, is rich in all sorts of minerals and could be exploited heavily. If we could solve the feudal problems of the provinces, and let the national and international companies explore the area, we might solve our fuel problems too. But this is a precious non-renewable resource, so we need better options.

Another major option is hydroelectric power generation. This is the cheapest and most feasible way of producing electricity for our country. Two major energy dams in Pakistan are Tarbela and Mangla. If only the proposed Kalabagh darn would be constructed, 80% of our energy needs would be fulfilled. The best option is to construct this dam and take advantage of the natural hydrography of Pakistan to the maximum possible extent.

Wind power and solar power generation are good alternatives as well. Their initial costs are low when compared to other methods, and are definitely in the best interests of our country.

Following are the Causes of the Energy Crisis in Pakistan.

In Pakistan, no major dam was constructed after the completion of Mangle and Terbela Dams early I980s. Though the demand for electricity was increasing many governments came and completed their terms but neither government built darns which is the cheapest source of the energy. Pakistan needs to make Kalabagh darn and Basha dams but due to politicization and lack of dedicated politicians, Pakistan is confronting with the problem of the energy crisis. Electricity from hydel cost us Rs. 2-4 rupees per unit.

Pakistan is blessed with a large amount of coal. No serious work is done to explore coal for power generation. This complains that the coal quality is inferior. However, ·ready-made solutions are available to burn any type of coal. The government is looking for the private sector to play its role. In our opinion, the government itself should come forward and install the power plants on the site of coal mines only.

The government is not producing electricity from renewable sources of energy such as wind, solar, tidal, biogas, etc. Though Pakistan has maximum summers suiting for solar energy there are huge taxes which are paid while purchasing this technology. Through solar, Pakistan can produce up to 1,00,000 MW of electricity. Besides, wind energy has the potential of producing 50,000 MW of electricity but Pakistan is not producing from this cheapest source.

If serious work is done then the total shortage can be met from the Hydro and wind power sectors. It is also suggested that small loans should be provided to consumers to install small hydro and solar cells for one family usage of electricity.

One of the main reasons for the serious shortfall in the generation of thermal electricity 1s the problem of the “circular debt” which the present government inherited from the previous regime. In 2007, the government did not compensate the power companies for the subsidy that was being provided to consumers. The power companies in turn could not pay the oil and gas companies, reducing their liquidity to import the furnace oil that was needed to generate electricity.

The interim government , before the elections, in fact, forced the commercial banks to lend Rs34bn to the oil companies whose credit limits were already exhausted. This problem of “circular debt” became more serious in the summer of 2008, as petroleum prices jumped from $100 to $147 a barrel. It is really surprising that this problem has become the main cause of increasing load-shedding but has not so far been addressed on a priority basis. In 2015 the circular debt reached Rs.600 billion.

Very heavy line losses in transmission and distribution because of old and poorly maintained transmission systems, estimated at over 20 percent compared to eight to ten percent in other countries. Large-scale theft of electricity is clearly revealed by the growing difference between units generated or purchased and those paid for.

Wastage of energy by the industry consumes 30 percent of total electricity due to less efficient systems and other practices. For example, the Chinese consume 30 percent less electricity in textile mills because they use water partially heated by solar panels in their boilers. Overuse of energy by the transport sector (consuming 28 percent of total energy) due to old and poorly tuned engines.

Domestic and household consumption which uses 45 percent of total electricity also depicts wasteful and unnecessary uses of lights, air-conditioners, and large-scale illuminations on different occasions. The problems outlined above reveal many structural flaws in our energy system. These include over-dependence on imported energy, inadequate political will, limited financial support and very weak implementation capacity.

One very important reason attributed to this energy shortage is the aging of the generating equipment which could not develop the electricity as per the design requirement. This is the responsibility to continuously updating the equipment and keeping a high standard of maintenance. we sincerely think serious thought should be given for general overhaul and maintenance of existing equipment to keep them in good working order.

So far energy conservation is concerned, newspapers pay lip service in seminars. No serious thought is being given to utilize the energy at the optimum level. A new culture needs to develop to conserve energy. Sometimes on government level illiteracy is blamed for the failure of the energy conservation program. this is not true. Maximum energy is consumed by the elite class which controls all the resources of knowledge and communication. But for their own luxury, they themselves ignore the problem. Government should seriously embark on an energy conservation program.

Following are the effects of the energy crisis in Pakistan.

Energy is pivotal for running all other resources and the crisis of energy directly influences all other sectors of the economy. The economic progress is hampered by a decline in agricultural productivity as well as by halting operations of industries. One important factor of lower GDP and inflation of commodity prices in recent years is attributed to shortfalls in energy supply. Pakistan is facing a high cost of production due to several factors like the energy crisis, the hike in electricity tariff, the increase in interest rate, devaluation of Pakistani rupee, increasing cost of inputs, political instability , removal of subsidy & internal dispute.

Above all factors increase the cost of production which decreases the exports. Exports receipts decrease from$ 10.2B to$ 9.6B. The global recession also hit badly the textile industry. Double-digit inflation also caused a decrease in production in the textile sector.

The agricultural productivity of Pakistan is decreasing due to the provision of energy for running tube wells, agricultural machinery, and the production of fertilizers and pesticides. Thus higher energy means higher agricultural productivity.

Nearly all Industrial units are run with energy and breakage in energy supply is having dire consequences on industrial growth. As a result of the decline in energy supply, industrial units are not only being opened but also the existing industrial units are gradually closing.

By the closure of industrial units and less agricultural productivity, new employment opportunities ceased to exist, and already employed manpower is shredded by the employers to increase their profit ratios. Thus energy crisis contributes to unemployment.

Pakistan’s textile industry is going through one of the toughest periods in decades. The global recession which has hit the global textile really hard is not the only cause for concern. Serious internal issues including the energy crisis affected Pakistan·s textile industry very badly. The high cost of production resulting from an instant rise in energy costs has been the primary cause of concern for the industry.

The depreciation of the Pakistani rupee during last year has significantly raised the cost of imported inputs. Furthermore, double-digit inflation and the high cost of financing have seriously affected the growth in the textile industry. Pakistan’s textile exports in turn have gone down during the last three years as exporters cannot effectively market their products since buyers are not visiting Pakistan due to adverse travel conditions and it is getting more and more difficult for the exporters to travel abroad. Pakistan’s textile industry is lacking in research &development.

The production capability is very low due to obsolete machinery and technology. This factor is primarily related to the domestic usage of energy (cooking, heating, and water provision). Load shedding causes unrest and frustration amongst the people and results in agitation against the government.

The government has finally formulated the much-awaited National Energy Policy 2013-18. Under the policy, power sector subsidy will be phased out by 2018, and load-shedding will be ended by 2017. It aims at generating surplus electricity in 2018, privatizing government-owned power plants and a few power distributing companies (Discos), bringing the double-digit cost of power generation to a single digit, and restructuring the water and power ministry.

National Electric Power Regulatory Authority (Nepra), Oil and Gas Regulatory Authority (OGRA), adjustment of outstanding dues owed by public and private organizations through federal adjusters, and formation of regional transmission and power trading system. The policy comprises seven points envisions a profitable, bankable, and investment-friendly power sector which meets the nation·s needs and boosts its economy in a sustainable and affordable manner while adhering to the most efficient generation, transmission, and distribution standards.

To achieve the long-term vision of the power sector and overcome its challenges, the government has set the following goals: Build a power generation capacity that can meet the country’s energy needs in a sustainable manner; create a culture of energy conservation and responsibility; ensure generation of inexpensive and affordable electricity for domestic, commercial and industrial use; minimize pilferage and adulteration in fuel supply; promote world-class efficiency in power generation; create a c.utting edge transmission network; minimize .financial losses across the systen1, and align the ministries involved in the energy sector and improve governance .

There are Various Methods to Solve the Energy Crisis in Pakistan.

Though wind, Pakistan has potentials of wind energy ranging from 10000 MW to 50000 MW, yet power generation through wind is in initial stages in Pakistan and currently 06 MW has been installed in the first phase in Jhampir through a Turkish company and 50 MW will be installed shortly. More wind power plants will be built in Jhampir, Gharo, Keti Bandar, and Bin Qasim Karachi.

Solar power involves using solar cells to convert sunlight into electricity, using sunlight hitting solar thermal panels to convert sunlight to heat water or air. Pakistan has the potential of more than 100,000 MW from solar energy. The building of solar power plants is underway in Kashmir, Punjab, Sindh, and Balochistan. However, private vendors are importing panels / solar water heaters for consumption in the market.

Alternative Energy Development Board (AEDB) is working for 20,000 solar water heaters in Gilgit Baltistan. Mobile companies have been asked by the government to shift the supply of energy to their transmission towers from petroleum to solar energy panels.

Biomass production involves using garbage or other renewable resources such as sugarcane, corn, or other vegetation to generate electricity. When garbage decomposes, methane is produced and captured in pipes and later burned to produce electricity. Vegetation and wood can be burned directly to generate energy, like fossil fuels, or processed· to form alcohols. Brazil has one of the largest renewable energy programs from biomass/biodiesel in the world, followed by the USA. Alternative Energy Development Board (AEDB) of Pakistan has planned to generate 10 MW of electricity from municipal waste in Karachi followed by similar projects in twenty cities of the country.

Tidal power can be extracted from Moon-gravity-powered tides by locating a water turbine in a tidal current. The turbine can turn an electrical generator, or a gas compressor, that can then store energy until needed. Coastal tides are a source of clean, free, renewable, and sustainable energy. Plans are underway in Pakistan to harness tidal energy; however, no implementation has been made so far.

Nuclear power stations use nuclear fission reactions to generate energy by the reaction of uranium inside a nuclear reactor. Pakistan has a small nuclear power program, with 425 MW capacity, but there are plans to increase this capacity substantially. Since Pakistan is outside the Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty, it is excluded from trade in nuclear plants or materials, which hinders its development of civil nuclear energy. The remaining issues in the development of nuclear energy are an enrichment of uranium from U235 to U238, controlling chain reaction, and dumping of solid waste.

Pakistan has the potential for hydro resources to generate 41000 to 45000 MW, however, only 6555 MW is currently being generated by this important renewable resource. Four large hydropower dams namely Kalabagh 3600 MW, Bhasha 4500 MW, Bunji 5400 MW, and Dasu 3800 MW can be constructed to generate hydroelectricity. Similarly, many small to medium hydro plants can be installed on rivers and canals, etc.

The longer-term solution to the energy crisis will be to restore the hydro-thermal mix to 60:40 or at least 50:50 in the next five years. The Water Accord of 1991 had o~ened the way for constructing many dams to store water and generate electricity. But the continuing controversy over the KalabaghDam became a major obstacle. Surprisingly, even many smaller and non-controversial hydroelectric projects have been delayed without any justification.

The hydel projects in the pipeline include the following: Neelurn Jhelurn (969 MW), Tarbela Fourth Extension (960 MW), SukiKinari (840 MW), Munda Dam (700 MW), Khan Dubar (130 MW), Allai (126 MW), and Jinnah Hydroelectric power project (96 MW).

Pakistan has the world’s sixth-largest reserves of coal, after the recent discoveries in Thar. The total coal reserve in Pakistan is about 175 billion tons. The current coal production is only 3.5 million tons per year, which is mostly used for the brick and cement industry. Coal has typical problems, such as a high sulfur content (it produces sulfur dioxide, the source of acid rain), mineral matter content (leading to ash and pollution problems), carbon dioxide emission (contributing to global warming), and high moisture content.

However, technologies are available to minimize all of these. Conversion technologies are currently under development to convert coal into environmentally-friendly methanol and hydrogen gas to be used as a clean fuel. The US is working on a major initiative called future gen to produce “zero-emission” power plants of the future. Thar coal can be cleaned and the sulfur reduced so that it can be burnt in conventional coal power plants and also convened into gas. Coal gasification is a slightly more expensive process, but the gas from coal is a proven and cleaner technology. The Chinese had prepared a feasibility report in 2005 to produce 3,000 MW at 5.8 cents per unit, but the project could not move forward because they were offered only 5.3 cents.

There are also many possibilities of regional cooperation in building gas and oil pipelines. These include the Iran-Pakistan-India gas pipeline; the Turkmenistan-Afghanistan-Pakistan gas pipeline; an oil, gas, and electricity corridor from Gwadar to Western China, the import of 1,000 MW electricity from Ragun hydro station in Tajikistan for which an agreement was signed in March 1992 at the rate of 3.3 cents per unit.

The worldwide electricity production, as per the World Bank, is as follows; coal: 40 percent; gas 19 percent; nuclear 16 percent; hydro 16 percent; oil seven percent. Pakistan’s power production is gas 48 percent; hydro 33 percent; oil 16 percent; nuclear two percent, and coal 0.2 percent. There has been a global trend to shift away from oil because of its rising price expected to reach $100 a barrel by the end of this year depending on the international geopolitical situation.

Despite the lowest cost of hydroelectric power, there have been environmental, ecological, and geopolitical concerns over the building of large dams. The supply of natural gas in Pakistan has been depleting over the years, and the country is now looking at the option of imponing gas from Qatar and Central Asia. This leaves the possibility of exploring nuclear, coal, and other alternative energy sources.

Nuclear energy and coal form the lowest source of power production in Pakistan. On the other hand, the world average for nuclear energy is 16 percent and for coal 40 percent. Let us first consider these two potential sources of electric power production for Pakistan. The US obtains 20 percent of its electric power from; clear. energy with 104 reactors; France 78 percent with 59 reactors, Japan 24 percent with 54 re~tors, the UK 23 percent with 31 reactors, and so on. Even India has signed a civilian nuclear cooperation agreement with the United States to develop its nuclear capability for power generation and economic development . It has currently six reactors in operation with a capacity of 3750 MW, and another six with a capacity of 3,340 MW are under construction.

The new agreement will further boost the nuclear power generating capacity of India. Today, nuclear power plants have average capacities of 600-1,000 MW. Pakistan only produces two percent of its power through two reactors (Karachi and Chashrna at 137 MW and 300 MW respectively). Pakistan is a nuclear technologically advanced country with capabilities to produce fuel, yet falls behind most other countries, including India, in terms of nuclear power production. The US introduces 51 percent of its power using coal, Poland 96 percent, South Africa 94 percent, India 68 percent, Australia 77 percent, China 79 percent, Israel 77 percent, UK 35 percent, Japan 28 percent, while Pakistan produces only 0.2 percent of its power through coal.

In Pakistan, smaller windmills are now visible, such as the ones at Gharo, where SZABIST set up an experimental research station many years ago. The Sindh government has recently announced plans to build a 50 MW wind farm in the vicinity of the coastal region at Gharo. Solar power (photovoltaic or thermal) is another alternative energy source option that is generally considered feasible for tropical and equatorial countries. Even though the accepted standard is 1,000 W/m2 of peak power at sea level, an average solar panel (or photovoltaic – PV – panel), delivers an average of only 19- 56W/m2. Solar plants are generally used in cases where smaller amounts of power are required at remote locations. PV is also the most expensive of all options making it less attractive.

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Essay on Load Shedding or Energy Crisis with Outline

Essay on energy crisis | load shedding essay for matric, f.a, fsc, intermediate, 2nd year, ba and bsc.

Essay on Load Shedding with Outline is here for students of different classes to get prepared. Load Shedding Essay will discuss the reasons for Load Shedding in Pakistan. You can write the same essay under the title of “Write an essay on Energy Crisis” . There are outline, reasons and solutions for this crisis in Pakistan.

Essay On Load Shedding | Energy Crisis Essay with Outline for Class 10, Class 12 and Graduation (Effects, Reasons and Solutions)

Importance of electricity in our daily life
Effects of load shedding on the life of a common man
Effects of load shedding on economy and business
Why we do not have sufficient supply of power
reasons of load shedding in Pakistan
How we can overcome this energy crisis

Electric energy is of utmost importance for the survival of modern life. The prosperity of a country is directly linked to the supply of energy electricity is needed in every sector of modern life. The working at railways, hospitals, business centres, entirely depends on electricity. Without electricity, our farms and industry will stop production. Our houses, trade centres, roads, schools and colleges will turn into graveyards. It is unfortunate that the production of such a vital thing is insufficient in Pakistan. The production of electricity is far less than the growing needs of our farms, industries, mills and factories. The population of our country is growing at a very rapid rate. The production of electricity is far less to meet the increasing needs of our future. The result is that we have to resort to load shedding in the country.

The load shedding has affected our country badly. It has disturbed our social, economic and cultural life badly. The industry and business in the country come to a halt during the prolonged hours of load shedding. The hospitals and medical educational centres suffer a lot. The business centres are plunged into darkness. The traffic on roads is disturbed badly. Everything suffers a jolt. The whole stream of life stops. Such a thing is not possible if we have sufficient supply of power.

We do not have sufficient supply of power due to the following reasons. ‘

First: We generate electricity from water, Oil, coal and gas. Water is the cheapest source of producing electricity. We have failed to build Kala Bagh Dam . Had it been built, the power supply would have been in plentiful and at the same time, it would have been cheap.

Second : The electricity generated by coal, gas and oil is very costly. The electricity produced by these elements is called thermal power. The setting up of the thermal power station is highly expensive for a developing country, like ours. The electricity supplied by thermal stations is not affordable for the consumers. It is not even suitable for the competitive industry of the country.

Third: We can produce electricity by nuclear energy. Nuclear power stations are not easy to set up. The nuclear reactors are very costly. The western countries utilise nuclear Energy as a major source of energy. In France, 80% of energy is produced by Nuclear Sectors. This is not possible in Pakistan.

We suffer from the shortage of electricity due to the following reasons also:

A. The demand for electricity increases due to the electrification of Villages. The new housing colonies also need it for domestic use. This has increased the demand of electricity

B. The use of electricity increases in summer. The use of air conditioners is increasing every year. The consumption of electricity increases as compared with its generation.

C. The measures to save energy have badly failed. The business centres, hotels, roads and streets are lite up during night hours. People use electricity as generously as possible. The entire nation suffers from indiscipline. All lights are always “on” in the houses.

We can fight against energy crisis by adopting the following measures.

The generation of electricity can be increased by setting up more power stations. We should build more dams to store water in order to produce electricity at cheap rates.
Nuclear energy should be used as a major source of energy.
The government should undertake research to find ways and means to generate more power from cheap sources. Solar energy can be used as a main source of energy.
A campaign on electronic media should be started to save energy by all means. The masses should be made aware of the true nature of power crisis.
All business centres should be closed after eight o clock at night. Marriages should be held during daytime only. In this way, we can save a lot of energy.

After reading Essay on Load Shedding you can also check Essay on Poverty in Pakistan with Outline.

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Essay on Summer Season for Students and Children

500+ words essay on summer season.

Essay on Summer Season – Summer season is the hottest season of the year. In this season the temperature became so high that water starts to evaporate very quickly. But this is the most entertaining season for kids who enjoy it to the fullest because their school gets off in the summer season. Usually, summers last for mid or later March to June but they can expend up to the first week of July due to a delay of monsoon.

Facts about the Summer Season

The season occurs when the earth tilts towards the sun and a vice versa phenomenon for winter. In the southern hemisphere, December to February are the summer months. The day becomes warmers and nights become cooler. Besides, the day is longer and nights are shorter.

This season, we get a lot of variety of fruits and vegetables . And this is the season in which farmers prepare their land for cultivation. The sky becomes clearer as there are no clouds to give shade. And the sun shines bright.

Effects of Summer Season

Summer is hot for many reasons these include some natural factors and some manmade factors. These factors also cause many changes in climate conditions . Although the season is quite dry the kids love it.

Moreover, too much hotness is very bad for certain things and results in many problems. One problem that it causes in human which is very common is dehydration. It not only causes weakness and dizziness but also can lead to death. So, to keep the body hydrated we need to drink plenty of water.

Small ponds, rivers, and wells dry up in this season. The groundwater level declines and in some areas conditions like drought occurs.

Get the huge list of more than 500 Essay Topics and Ideas

Who Enjoys Summer?

Although anyone can enjoy the summers the way they like the Children loves it the most. They love it because they have a long summer vacation ahead of them which they enjoy fully.

Besides, they can do whatever they want, be whomever they want, and spend their day playing and traveling with family. Most of the children visit their grandparents in summer or go to a hill station in a cold place to enjoy with family. For them, it’s the most relaxing time when they do not have to do any homework on a daily basis.

Moreover, they do all kinds of fun and naughty things they could. In this time they become the king of their dreamland.

Effects on Life

Whether humans, animals or birds all become very irritated of the season. The summer season causes them to stay indoors. And it makes condition pretty harsh to go out. During the day temperature rises to a level which causes difficulty.

What’s Good about Summer Season?

There are many good things about summer that includes the king of fruits and everyone’s favorite ‘Mango’. Apart from that, there is a large variety of fruits and vegetables in the market.

To conclude, we can say that the summer season is not as bad as it looks. It is just like any other season. We can also enjoy summer like any other season by finding the right ways like kids. Moreover, the season is rich in a variety of fruits and vegetables especially the mango.

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Essay on Summer Season: 100, 250, and 450 Words for School Students

Updated on
Feb 27, 2024

Summer Season is a time of joy, long vacations, and excitement. This most-awaited warm season brings with it physical and emotional comfort for everyone. Tropical and sub-tropical countries like India, Mexico, Thailand, etc. experience warm weather with long days and clear skies.

During the summer season, students are asked to write an essay on summer season. Such topics require you to highlight your personal experiences of how you spent your summer season. You can talk about the places you visited, skills or hobbies you learned, the food you ate, etc. You must know that an essay on summer season is academic writing, where your teacher will evaluate your writing skills based on your ability to express your thoughts, ideas and experiences creatively. On this page, we will be providing you with some samples of essay on summer season in 100, 200, and 300 words.

This Blog Includes:

Essay on summer season in 100 words, essay on summer season in 250 words, trips in summer season, new hobbies to learn, benefits of summer season.

Master the art of essay writing with our blog on How to Write an Essay in English .

‘This summer season, I visited my maternal grandmother’s house. In Hindi, me and my sister call her ‘nani’ —every summer season we pay our visit to her and enjoy the natural beauty of the village. Everything about my grandmother’s home and village excites me. From the morning echoes to the evening breeze, days are filled with excitement and cherished memories.

One of the best things I liked about the hot summer season was eating large watermelons with the entire family. Our grandfather used to buy us watermelons, which my mother served to all of us. I plan to visit my grandmother’s house every summer season.’

Also Read: Essay on Euthanasia in 100, 200 and 300 Words

The summer season is the time of the year when we get time off work, study, school, and our daily routine. It is a time to enjoy, learn new hobbies, build interest, and focus on goals. This summer season I visited a hill station called Dharamshala in the state of Himachal Pradesh. This city is known for two things; the home of the Tibetan spiritual leader Dalai Lama and its scenic beauty.

Summer seasons are a break from our daily school and work routine. It allows us to cast aside the regular work schedule and spend some quality time with our loved ones. This break from routine is crucial for mental and emotional well-being, providing a chance to recharge and return with renewed energy.

The summer season is a great opportunity to explore new places and learn about new cultures. From scenic road trips to cold breezes on the beach, the summer season offers the ideal backdrop for exploration.

We can indulge in recreational activities and hobbies that we are not able to focus on due to daily life hustle. The summer season can also encourage us to indulge in outdoor activities, as the warm weather and longer days are good for our physical and mental health.

Summer season can be considered a season of joy, exploration, and rejuvenation. It offers a respite from the demands of daily life, allowing us to reconnect with ourselves, our families, and the world around us.

Also Read: Essay on Basant Panchami in English

Essay on Summer Season in 450 Words

The summer season holds an important place in our lives as it allows us to reconnect with ourselves and the people around us. In tropical and subtropical countries like India, the summer season lasts for around 2 months, from May to June. This is the hottest time of the year as the sun is vertically overhead on the Tropic of Cancer, the imaginary line 23.5 degrees north.

Summer vacation provides relief from daily school and work life and an opportunity to spend quality time with our friends and family. During these hot summer months, a lot of people visit hill stations, beaches, their relatives, and other popular tourist places.’

Everybody loves traveling. What else can be the best time than the summer season to visit the ice-capped Himalayas or the backwaters of Kerala, there are plenty of places to visit. The summer season is important for both children and adults. Children wait all year long for the summer season, as they want to enjoy life, play outdoors, and eat ice creams and fruits.

During the summer season, schools also organize trips, where students travel to cold places and enjoy fun activities like mountain climbing, hiking, trekking, etc. Some of the popular summer trip destinations are:

Mahabaleshwar

‘Learning new hobbies and indulging in creative activities is a great way to spend your summer season. A lot of parents encourage their children to learn new hobbies, like joining music lessons, art classes, football and cricket coaching, etc. Practicing new hobbies during the summer season can greatly improve our skills and we can stand out from the crowd. Here are some fun-loving hobbies to learn during the summer season.’

Yoga and meditation
Outdoor activities
Photography
Music Lessons
Dance classes
Art Classes
Piano lessons

‘Summer season is not just about long trips and new hobbies. There are many benefits of the summer season. Summer season provides a break from the routine and allows individuals to relax, unwind, and recharge. We can explore new places with our friends and family, allowing us to spend quality time with our loved ones. Traveling during the summer season can expose us to different perspectives and broaden our horizons.

We can enhance our knowledge and creativity by visiting educational trips, workshops, or cultural experiences. The combination of relaxation, new experiences, and increased social interactions can positively impact mental health. The long summer season can result in increased productivity and prevent burnout.

Summer season is an important time of year for all the reasons mentioned above; relief from our daily schedule, quality time with family and friends, focus on our goals, learning new hobbies, etc.’

Also Read: Essay on Abortion in English for School Students

Ans: The summer season is the time of the year when we get time off work, study, school, and our daily routine. It is a time to enjoy, learn new hobbies, build interest, and focus on goals. This summer season I visited a hill station called Dharamshala in the state of Himachal Pradesh. This city is known for two things; the home of the Tibetan spiritual leader Dalai Lama and its scenic beauty.

Ans: Writing an essay on summer season is a great way to express your thoughts, ideas, and experiences in creative and imaginative ways. It can also serve as a way to communicate your thoughts with the audience.

Ans: Understanding the topic and setting your tone accordingly is the first step when writing an essay. Your audience will better understand and connect with your essay if the tone in your writing is understandable to them. To support your arguments, provide appropriate evidence and reasons. Checking for grammatical errors is also important. Once the final draft is complete, go through the entire essay and read it aloud.

For more information on such interesting topics, visit our essay writing page and follow Leverage Edu.

Shiva Tyagi

With an experience of over a year, I've developed a passion for writing blogs on wide range of topics. I am mostly inspired from topics related to social and environmental fields, where you come up with a positive outcome.

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Essay on Summer Season

The summer season, characterized by its warm weather and longer days, is a period of vibrancy and vitality that affects life on Earth in profound ways. This essay delves into the essence of the summer season, exploring its impact on the natural environment, human activities, and the cultural significance it holds across various communities, especially for students in the United States who are keen on understanding and writing about this luminous time of the year.

Summer is one of the four temperate seasons, marking the transition from spring to autumn. In the Northern Hemisphere, it spans from June to August, while in the Southern Hemisphere, it occurs from December to February. This season is primarily associated with warm to hot weather, extended daylight hours, and a flourishing of flora and fauna. Summer’s onset is heralded by the Summer Solstice, the longest day of the year, which is a significant astronomical event celebrated in many cultures.

Impact on the Natural Environment

Flourishing of flora and fauna.

Summer brings about a transformation in the natural landscape. Trees and plants, which have been dormant during the cold months, burst into life, displaying lush foliage and vibrant flowers. This season is crucial for the growth cycle of many species, providing optimal conditions for photosynthesis, the process by which plants produce energy. The abundance of plant life, in turn, supports a wider ecosystem, including insects, birds, and mammals, which thrive on the availability of food and favorable living conditions.

Climate and Weather Patterns

The weather during summer can range from pleasantly warm to intensely hot, depending on the geographical location. Regions closer to the equator experience higher temperatures and humidity, while coastal areas might enjoy cooler breezes. This season is also marked by various weather phenomena, such as thunderstorms, hurricanes, and monsoons in certain parts of the world, shaped by the complex interplay of atmospheric conditions.

Human Activities and Lifestyle Changes

Leisure and recreation.

Summer is synonymous with vacation, leisure, and outdoor activities. With schools and universities on break, it is a time for travel, exploration, and relaxation. Families often take holidays, visiting beaches, mountains, and national parks. Activities such as swimming, hiking, and camping become popular, taking advantage of the favorable weather. Summer camps and workshops offer children and adolescents opportunities for learning and personal development outside the traditional classroom setting.

Agricultural Significance

For agricultural communities, summer is a busy season of growth and cultivation. It is a critical time for planting and tending to crops that will be harvested in the fall. The warm weather accelerates the growth of many plants, making it essential for farmers to manage their fields carefully to ensure a bountiful harvest.

Cultural Festivals and Celebrations

Summer is a season rich with cultural significance and festivity. Many communities across the globe celebrate summer solstice festivals, which often have ancient roots and traditions. In the United States, the Fourth of July, or Independence Day, is a major summer holiday characterized by fireworks, parades, and barbecues, commemorating the nation’s history and values.

Advantages and Disadvantages

Advantages of Summer Season:

Warm Weather: The most obvious advantage of summer is the warm and pleasant weather. It provides an opportunity for people to enjoy the outdoors, go to the beach, have picnics, and engage in various recreational activities.
Sunshine: Summer offers abundant sunshine, which is essential for the body’s production of vitamin D. Sunlight can also improve mood and mental well-being.
Outdoor Activities: Summer is the perfect time for outdoor sports and activities like swimming, hiking, camping, biking, and playing sports like baseball, soccer, and tennis.
Vacations: Many people take advantage of the summer season to go on vacations, explore new places, and spend quality time with family and friends.
Gardening: Gardening enthusiasts thrive in the summer season as it provides ideal conditions for planting and growing a wide variety of flowers, fruits, and vegetables.
Festivals and Events: Summer is the season of festivals and events, offering opportunities to celebrate cultural, music, food, and art festivals in many parts of the world.
Extended Daylight: Longer daylight hours mean more time for outdoor activities, extended evenings, and an overall boost in productivity.
Fresh Produce: Summer is the season for fresh and locally grown fruits and vegetables, making it a great time to enjoy a healthy diet.

Disadvantages of Summer Season:

High Temperatures: While warm weather can be enjoyable, excessive heat can be uncomfortable and even dangerous, leading to heat-related illnesses like heatstroke and heat exhaustion.
Dehydration: Hot weather can lead to increased water loss through perspiration, which requires people to stay hydrated by drinking more water.
Sunburn and Skin Issues: Prolonged exposure to the sun can cause sunburn, premature aging of the skin, and increase the risk of skin cancer. Skin protection is essential during the summer.
Insect Pests: Summer is a season when various insects and pests are more active, potentially leading to annoyance and the need for pest control measures.
Allergies: Pollen levels tend to be high during the summer, triggering allergies in some individuals, leading to symptoms like sneezing, congestion, and itchy eyes.
Increased Energy Costs: Running air conditioning and fans to stay cool in the summer can lead to higher energy bills, especially in regions with extreme heat.
Crowds and Traffic: Popular vacation destinations can become crowded during the summer months, leading to traffic congestion and long lines at tourist attractions.
Difficulty Sleeping: Hot summer nights can make it challenging to get a good night’s sleep, leading to discomfort and fatigue.

Health and Well-being

Benefits of sunlight.

Summer’s ample sunlight provides essential vitamin D, beneficial for bone health and immune function. The longer days encourage people to spend more time outdoors, promoting physical activity and mental well-being. However, it is crucial to balance sun exposure with proper protection to prevent skin damage and heat-related illnesses.

Challenges and Precautions

The heat of summer also poses health risks, such as dehydration, heatstroke, and sunburn. It is essential to stay hydrated, wear protective clothing, and use sunscreen to mitigate these risks. Especially in regions experiencing extreme heatwaves, taking precautions to stay cool is vital for health and safety.

Educational Opportunities

Learning and exploration.

Summer offers a unique opportunity for educational exploration outside the traditional academic calendar. Many students engage in internships, volunteer work, or research projects, allowing them to apply their knowledge in practical settings and gain valuable experience. Libraries and museums often host summer programs, encouraging continued learning and intellectual engagement.

The Value of Rest and Reflection

Additionally, summer provides a chance for students to rest and reflect on their academic and personal growth. This break from the structured demands of school can be a crucial period for rejuvenation and setting goals for the future.

Environmental Considerations

Sustainability and conservation.

The season’s increased energy consumption, due to air conditioning and travel, highlights the importance of sustainability and conservation. Summer serves as a reminder of the need to protect our natural environment and consider our impact on the planet.

The summer season, with its warm weather and extended daylight, profoundly influences the natural world and human life. It is a time of growth, vitality, and celebration, offering opportunities for leisure, learning, and personal development. However, it also poses challenges that require attention and care. As we embrace the joys and activities of summer, it is essential to do so with a sense of responsibility towards our health and the environment. For students and participants in essay writing competitions, understanding the multifaceted aspects of summer not only enriches their writing but also deepens their appreciation for this vibrant season.

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Summer Season Essay

Introduction of summer season essay

There are different seasons in a year, winter, spring, summer and autumn. But among all these seasons, summer is the most awaited and favorite season for everyone. Summer is a time when everyone wants to enjoy and relax. There are various things to do in the summer season. People love going on vacation during summer. They can do different activities like visiting picnic places, resorts and many other things that they like. The weather is too good for travelling.

The summer season brings so much happiness to everyone. Everyone eagerly waits for summer to come. People get a chance to enjoy the sun and its heat. People can go outside to enjoy the sun. People spend most of their day outside during summer. They want to feel hot sun rays on their face and body, which makes them feel refreshed. The summer season is too good for students as they can enjoy long vacations in summer. They do not have to go to school and can enjoy their vacations. They can take part in different activities that they like to do. Kids love the summer season as it is the time for playing outside. They can go to a swimming pool, park or any other place where they can enjoy playing. There are so many things for children to do during summer. They can also go on a trip with their family and friends.

People can also enjoy their time by sitting outside their homes. And castles make for a perfect summer day at the beach. When going to the pool, one will most likely find a suntan lotion dispenser. From late afternoon thunderstorms to s'mores by the campfire with friends and family, summers are a wonderful time of year filled with many different stereotypical memories that pop into mind as the word is spoken.

There are different seasons in a year, summer, monsoon, autumn, winter, and spring. With each season, we witness certain changes not only in our lives but also on our Earth. Seasons are reminders to us that change is inevitable. India is one of the few countries that experiences all six seasons in a year. They are summer, monsoon, autumn, pre-winter, winter, and spring. However, these seasons vary from region to region due to factors like latitude, longitude, topography, and environmental factors. As per the Hindu calendar, each season is divided into two months throughout the year.

The summer season is one of the main seasons in a tropical country like India. Summer sets in April and continues up to the end of July. Summer is usually associated with hot, dry weather. The days are longer, and the nights are shorter during this season. From late morning to midnight, heat persists during the summer months.

In the Hindu calendar, these months are called Jyeshta and Aashaadha. In India, since the tropic of cancer passes through the northern hemisphere, the states of Gujarat, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, and Chhattisgarh experience the summer season. The temperature in some places increases up to 50o Celsius.

Disadvantages

The days become so hot and long that people suffer from terrible heat right from the morning till midnight. It becomes difficult for people to commute. Most people are spotted in light dresses, sunglasses, and sandals. On some days, a hot and dusty wind blows at noon and makes life more miserable. People prefer staying indoors. In the northern part of India, this wind is called 'Loo', and it is not safe to get exposed to this. In the daytime, the scorching heat of the sun affects normal life. The difficulties in this season are innumerable. Ponds and pools dry up. The water level in wells also goes down. A water crisis is felt almost everywhere. The absence of enough trees and persistent pollution aggravates the problems in summer. The weak and the old sometimes fall victim to sunstrokes in the hot sun. Birds and stray animals face lots of hardship, as they don't get sufficient water to drink. Many health issues like dysentery, dehydration, and diarrhoea are prevalent in this season. The towns and cities look deserted in the afternoons. Everything comes to a standstill during the day because of the simmering rays of the sun. The nights become pleasant, and most activities are done after the sunset during this season.

Besides the innumerable difficulties people face, it is the most awaited season, especially by the students. They get over with their final exams, and it is vacation time for them as well as their parents. They plan to visit their grandparents or places like hill stations to escape the heat. Some also go to the beaches, as they are very pleasant at night. Children take up many indoor activities. Swimming and other water sports are some favorite outdoor activities in this season, making it somewhat pleasant. Summer break for the students is a good time for learning various new activities. Most students go for summer camps at cooler places.

Various kinds of vegetation thrive around us. Many kinds of fruits and flowers are available in this season. Mango is the most dominant fruit of the summer season. Other fruits like jackfruits, guava, litchis, watermelons, and pineapples are available in plenty in the summer season.

We can see many beautiful animals and creatures thriving in our surroundings since they wake up from their hibernation.

Cold drinks, ice-creams, and watery fruit juices like grapes, cucumber, watermelon, are in high demand in this season. People prefer cold foods like kulfis, chilled juices, etc.

It is an important season for the farmers. They sow seeds for new crops because this climate is favorable for the cultivation of the crops. They sow Zaid crops like pumpkin, cucumber, and bitter gourd, etc.

Important festivals like Buddha Purnima, Rath yatra are celebrated during this season. Some more important festivals like Baisakhi, Ram Navami, Raja Parva, and Hanuman Jayanti are also celebrated.

The summer season, which is full of heat and dust, is a blessing in disguise. The scorching rays of the sun evaporate the water from all water bodies at this time, and this phenomenon gives way to the advent of the rainy season. The low pressure created over the landmass of India during this season is responsible for months-long monsoon rain.

Like all other seasons, summer has its own uniqueness. There are both advantages and disadvantages in this season but this season can be enjoyed to the fullest.

FAQs on Summer Season Essay

1. What are some of the difficulties faced in the summer season?

Some of the difficulties faced in this season are innumerable. Ponds and pools dry up. The water level in wells also goes down. A water crisis is felt almost everywhere. The privation of enough trees and persistent pollution aggravates the problems in summer. The weak and the old people sometimes fall victim to sunstrokes in the hot sun. Birds and stray animals face lots of worry, as they don't get sufficient water to drink. Many health issues like dysentery, dehydration, and diarrhoea are prevalent in this season. The towns and cities look secluded in the afternoons. Everything comes to a stay during the day because of the simmering rays of the sun. The nights become beautiful, pleasant, and most activities are done after the sunset during this summer season.

2. Are there any advantages of summer?

There are some advantages of the summer season as well. The vegetation around us thrives during this season. Many fruits and flowers are available in this season. Mango is the most cardinal fruit of the summer season. We can see many beautiful animals and creatures thriving in our surroundings since they wake up from their hibernation. This season is important for the farmers as they sow seeds for new crops because this climate is favorable for the cultivation of the crops. Some more important festivals like Baisakhi, Ram Navami, Raja Parva, and Hanuman Jayanti are also celebrated in this summer season.

3. What kind of animals and vegetables can be seen in the summer season?

There are different kinds of animals and creatures that we can see during the summer season. Many kinds of fruits and flowers are available during this time. Mango is the most cardinal fruit of the summer season. Cold drinks, ice-creams, and watery fruit juices like grapes, cucumber, watermelon, are in high demand in this season. People prefer cold foods like kulfis, ice creams, chilled juices, etc.

Farmers sow seeds for new crops because this climate is favorable for the cultivation of the crops. Zaid crops like pumpkin, cucumber, and bitter gourd, etc., are sowed during this season. Important festivals like Buddha Purnima, Rath yatra are celebrated during this season. Some more important festivals like Baisakhi, Ram Navami, Raja Parva, and Hanuman Jayanti are also celebrated in this season.

4. What are the benefits of rain in summer?

The low pressure created over the landmass of India during this summer season is amenable for months-long monsoon rain. The lack of enough trees and persistent pollution aggravates the problems in summer. Rains bring a cooling effect to us all. It also helps in washing away the dirt, dust, etc., from our surroundings which is very helpful, especially after the summer season, when everyone wants to meet their friends and relatives.

Heavy rains bring lots of happiness. It helps in getting rid of the heat, illness, anxiety, depression and other types of stress because rain is a pleasant event after all. Monsoon rain is very beneficial for the crops and helps in increasing the yield of the crops.

5. What should be done to enjoy the summer season to the fullest?

There are so many ways to enjoy this season. We can go for a swim in a pool or a pond, which is located nearby. If these places are not available, then we can visit any water park or amusement park. One can also go for a long drive in the company of family or friends. Creeks and rivers in our surroundings are to be enjoyed by all means since they also get dried up in summers.

We should make the best use of the water resources of this season. The beaches are also very popular among many people who love to enjoy the evenings. We can see many people enjoying themselves on the beaches wearing cool clothes and having lots of fun during the entire day until late hours at night. There are various ways to enjoy the summer season with family members or friends, which include going for picnics, summer camps, etc. Life in summers becomes much easier if we have an air conditioner at our homes and offices, which makes us enjoy the season to the fullest.

6. What are the disadvantages of the Summer Season?

The disadvantages are:

Scorching heat in the daytime.

Scarcity of water.

Health issues like dysentery, diarrhea, and dehydration.

Dust and hot wind.

Ponds and wells go dry.

Birds and stray animals do not get sufficient water to drink.

7. What measures should be taken to stay safe during this Season?

You should drink a lot of fluids to keep yourself hydrated. Stay indoors as much as you can. Wear light clothes. Eat plenty of fruits and have a balanced diet by eating healthy food.

8. What are the important festivals of this Season?

The important festivals celebrated during this season are Baisakhi, Buddha Purnima, Rath yatra, Ram Navami, Hanuman Jayanti, and Raja Parva.

9. What activities can we do during the Summers?

Since it is a break time for the students, we can go for a short trip to hill stations to escape the heat. We can also go to the beaches. Water sports are some outdoor activities that we can do. We can learn and experience new things like painting, swimming, etc. We can go trekking. We can enjoy pleasant evenings with family and friends. We can also indulge in indoor activities during the day when the sun is at peak. We can take care of the stray animals and birds who are suffering the most because of the scorching heat by providing them food and water.

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Summer Essay Examples

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