phd without academic reference

2024 Graduate Schools That Don’t Require Letters of Recommendation

If you want to speed up your graduate admissions process, you may want to take a look at grad schools that don’t require letters of recommendation.

You might be able to start school sooner if you don’t have to wait for references to pen glowing reviews of your strengths and abilities. It can also be helpful to skip the recommendation requirement if it’s been a while since you were last in college or the workforce.

Editorial Listing ShortCode:

Attending graduate school is worth it for many students, and since there are a number of accredited grad schools that don’t require letters of recommendation , a lack of references shouldn’t hold you back from earning a master’s degree.

Do All Graduate Schools Require Letters of Recommendation for Admission?

No, not all graduate schools require letters of recommendation during the application process. There are reputable, accredited schools that won’t ask you to submit reference letters.

Some colleges prefer to use other methods of getting to know their applicants. They might rely on personal essays, resumes, transcripts, test scores, or interviews instead.

When it comes down to it, letters of reference don’t always provide the most thorough insights about an applicant. Sure, sometimes a reference is written by a supervisor who has a close relationship with the person in question.

Many times, though, teachers or bosses who are frequently asked to provide references have standard plug-and-play recommendation letters. These templates can receive few adjustments from one student to the next.

Some admissions committees believe that’s not the best way to acquire a complete picture of what an applicant is like. No matter what a particular school’s reasons are for not requesting letters of recommendation, this policy can benefit you in several ways.

It can take time and effort to track down potential references and ask them to write letters for you. You then have to wait for them to get back to you with finished letters, which can take even longer. Also, you may feel uncertain about whom to ask for recommendations.

Academic references are best for graduate school admission, but that can be difficult if you’ve been out of college for a long time. Professional references can also be tricky if you’re not in the workforce or your current place of employment isn’t the best fit.

Fortunately, you don’t need to worry about these obstacles if you apply to schools that don’t require recommendation letters. Instead, you can rely on other evidence that may highlight why you’d be a good addition to a college’s graduate program.

Typical Grad School Admissions Requirements

As you browse grad programs, you might find a good deal of variety in the materials that admissions committees want you to submit. Each college sets its own requirements, but common criteria include:

• Written essay . A personal essay or statement of purpose can help the college get to know you as a person. It may address your experiences, achievements, or goals for grad school.
• GRE or GMAT scores . A number of schools are no longer requiring these standardized test scores, but some institutions may still request them.
• Letters of recommendation (only some schools require them). Some schools request reference letters, but they are not always a requirement.
• Resume or curriculum vitae . You may submit a document that lists your work history and volunteer experiences.
• Official transcripts . Schools typically require transcripts that show what undergraduate and graduate schools you’ve attended, the classes you’ve taken, and the grades you’ve earned.

In addition, you will likely fill out an application form. On this application, you’ll provide basic information about yourself—such as your birthdate and address—and indicate your graduate program of choice. The form may need to be accompanied by an application fee.

While some universities expect high GPAs from applicants, there are some graduate schools with low GPA requirements for admission.

30 Graduate Schools That Don’t Require Letters of Recommendation

Methodology: The following school list is in alphabetical order. To be included, a college or university must be regionally accredited, offer graduate programs online or in a hybrid format, and not require letters of recommendation to be considered for admission.

To apply to the American Intercontinental University’s graduate school, interested applicants must complete an online application that usually takes 15 minutes to complete.

An undergraduate transcript must be submitted and a GPA of 2.0 or higher is expected. Applicants are encouraged to connect with an admissions advisor to help them through the process.

AIU is accredited by the Higher Learning Commission of the North Central Association.

To apply for a master’s degree at Appalachian State University, applicants must complete the online application, pay an online fee, and submit 3 references and a resume.

Some programs may have specific requirements, such as writing samples. Qualifying undergraduate students at Appalachian State University can enroll in accelerated admissions, which may allow them to earn a master’s degree in as little as one year.

Appalachian State University  is accredited by the Commission on Colleges of the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools.

While Arizona State University has specific admissions requirements, there are minimum requirements needed for each master’s program.

Interested applicants must have a bachelor’s degree and a GPA of 3.0. After submitting an application, which usually takes 30 minutes to complete, students must pay a fee and submit any additional materials required.

ASU is accredited by the Higher Learning Commission of the North Central Association of Colleges and Schools.

Those interested in applying to Baylor University’s graduate school must submit an application online, an application fee, any required test scores, and transcripts. Unofficial transcripts may be sent during the application process, but an official transcript must be sent to confirm admission credentials.

Baylor University  is accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools Commission on Colleges.

Applicants interested in applying to Bellevue University’s graduate school must submit an application for admission.

Those who have never studied at Bellevue University must also submit an application fee. To be eligible, applicants must have a bachelor’s degree with a minimum GPA of 2.5. Some programs may require letters of recommendations or an application essay.

Bellevue University is accredited by the Higher Learning Commission.

Applicants applying to Brigham Young University for a master’s degree must submit an application, an official transcript, and a small fee.

Applicants are required to have a minimum GPA of 3.0 and an endorsement from a local religious leader. The admissions process also requires an interview with the school’s chaplain or a bishop and a stake president.

Brigham Young University  is accredited by the Northwest Commission on Colleges and Universities.

Those interested in attending Bryant and Stratton College must submit an application, at which point they will be appointed a personal admissions representative.

Applicants are given an hour-long tour of campus or a Q&A session about online classes before they are interviewed. Proof of a high school diploma or a GED along with proper vaccination records must be submitted.

Bryant and Stratton College is accredited by the Middle States Commission on Higher Education.

Those interested in attending Clemson University must complete an online application in which they state which term they plan to start studying.

Minimum requirements vary from program to program, but all applicants must have a bachelor’s degree. Applicants may be expected to submit personal statements, letters of recommendation, resumes, or official transcripts.

Clemson University is accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools Commission on Colleges.

Those interested in applying to Cleveland State University for a master’s degree must submit a transcript, proof of English language proficiency, and a small fee. Different programs may require applicants to submit tests scores from the GRE, GMAT, or MAT. Some programs may also require letters of recommendation.

Cleveland State University  is accredited by the Higher Learning Commission of the North Central Association of Colleges and Schools.

Applicants to Colorado Technical University must complete the online application and submit any required documents, such as transcripts.

A GPA of 2.0 or higher is expected to be eligible for admission. Certain programs may also require students to complete an entrance exam. Applicants may also get in touch with an admissions advisor for help.

Colorado Technical University is accredited by the Higher Learning Commission.

Those interested in applying to DePaul University for a master’s degree must submit an online application with a small fee. Official transcripts from all colleges and universities attended in the past must be submitted along with any additional requirements. Applicants can choose to defer their application one time within a year of applying.

DePaul University  is accredited by The Higher Learning Commission.

Applicants to Grand Canyon University’s graduate school must have an undergraduate degree and a minimum GPA of 2.8. Those who do not meet the required GPA may still be eligible if they have high scores on the GRE and GMAT. Other admissions requirements vary depending on the program.

Grand Canyon University is accredited by the Higher Learning Commission.

Those applying to Granite State College for a graduate degree must submit an online application.

To be eligible, students must have a GPA of 3.0 or higher for their undergraduate program. An official transcript from all past post-secondary institutes must be submitted along with a personal statement, resume, and 2 academic or professional references.

Granite State College is accredited by the New England Commission of Higher Education.

Applicants to Idaho State University looking for a master’s degree must have a bachelor’s degree. To be eligible for the program, applicants must have a GPA of 3.5 or higher. Applicants who do not meet the GPA requirements may still be eligible as long as they receive certain test scores.

Idaho State University is accredited by the Northwest Commission on Colleges and Universities.

Requirements to join Liberty University’s graduate school vary from program to program, but all students must submit their transcripts.

Unofficial transcripts can be submitted, but official transcripts must be submitted before the students can enter their second semester of classes. Some programs may require applicants to complete an essay or a questionnaire.

Liberty University is accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools Commission on Colleges.

To apply for National University’s graduate school, applicants must have a bachelor’s degree with a GPA of 2.5 or higher. Applicants with a lower GPA may still be eligible if they receive an acceptable grade on the GMAT or GRE. Different programs may have different requirements, but all programs require transcripts to be submitted.

National University is accredited by the WASC Senior College and University Commission.

The Ohio University Graduate College requires applicants to complete an online application.

Students must have a bachelor’s degree or supply a letter of enrollment from their current institution. Applicants may have to submit licenses, letters of recommendations, a resume, or a professional statement depending on the program being applied to.

Ohio University is accredited by the Higher Learning Commission.

Those applying for a master’s degree from Purdue University must submit an application with a transcript. Though an unofficial transcript may be used during the application process, an official transcript must be submitted prior to beginning your first semester. All financial arrangements must be completed before starting classes.

Purdue University is accredited by the Higher Learning Commission of the North Central Association of Colleges and Schools.

Those applying for a master’s degree at Salem University must submit an application and proof of having completed a bachelor’s degree and any prerequisite courses that are necessary. Applicants may also look into transferring credits. Applicants that have already attended master’s programs may be able to continue from where they left off.

Salem University is accredited by The Higher Learning Commission.

Applicants applying to Southern New Hampshire University for a master’s degree program must apply online.

A transcript from any schools attended must be submitted along with a graduate attestation form with the applicant’s GPA. Other requirements may be needed depending on the degree program. No fee is required for US graduate students.

Southern New Hampshire University  is accredited by the New England Commission of Higher Education.

To apply to Strayer University’s graduate school, applicants must have a GPA of 2.5 or higher.

If an applicant does not have a bachelor’s degree in a related field, they may have to take additional coursework. Applicants must also supply photo ID, an official transcript, and proof of graduate potential, such as professional experience or GMAT scores.

Strayer University is accredited by the Middle States Commission on Higher Education.

Applicants for Troy University’s master’s degree program must complete the online application for admission.

All transcripts and test scores must be sent to Troy University. Some programs may require applicants to submit letters of recommendation, but not all do. Applicants who have education from other institutes may also apply to transfer credits.

Troy University is accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools Commission on Colleges.

The requirements for the University of Arizona’s graduate programs differ from program to program. Applicants must have a GPA of 3.0 or higher. Non-official transcripts may be submitted during the application process, but an official transcript must be submitted once admitted. Some programs may require the completion of the GRE.

The  University of Arizona  is accredited by the Higher Learning Commission.

To be eligible for admission to the master’s programs at the University of Central Florida, students must have a bachelor’s degree with a GPA of 3.0.

Some programs may require applicants to submit other materials, such as letters of recommendation, resumes, essays, or portfolios. An interview may also be needed depending on the program.

The  University of Central Florida  is accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools Commission on Colleges.

Applicants interested in University of Michigan’s Rackham Graduate School must have a bachelor’s degree in a relevant field.

If they are not native English speakers, students need to submit official test scores to demonstrate English proficiency. Other requirements vary based on the program being applied for. Applicants may also need to submit a portfolio, test scores, or complete an audition.

University of Michigan  is accredited by the Higher Learning Commission.

To apply for a master’s program at the University of Minnesota, applicants must have a bachelor’s degree with a GPA of 3.0 or higher.

All transcripts and credentials must be submitted when applying. Some programs may require applicants to submit letters of recommendation or GRE scores. An application fee must be paid when applying.

The  University of Minnesota  is accredited by the Higher Learning Commission.

Applicants to the graduate school at the University of North Carolina—Charlotte must submit an online application by creating a prospective student account on the website.

When applying, students must submit copies of their transcripts and report their GPA. Some programs may require students to complete the GRE or GMAT. Letters of recommendation are optional but recommended.

UNC Charlotte  is accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools Commission on Colleges.

Those applying to the master’s programs at the University of Oklahoma must have a bachelor’s degree and complete the online application.

Depending on the program, applicants may be expected to submit a resume, a statement of purpose, GRE scores, or letters of recommendation. Transcripts from the applicant’s most recent degree must be submitted, but all past education experiences must be disclosed.

The  University of Oklahoma  is accredited by the Higher Learning Commission.

When applying to Walden University, applicants will be assigned an enrollment specialist. Applicants must submit personal information, employment history, academic history, and transcripts to their enrollment specialist, after which it will be sent to the admissions team.

Applicants who get accepted may then apply to gain credits through a transfer, through work experience, or by completing an examination or portfolio.

Walden is accredited by The Higher Learning Commission.

Students interested in attending one of Western Connecticut State University’s master’s programs must apply to the school’s Office of Graduate Admissions.

Applicants must submit an application fee, official transcripts from previous colleges and universities, proof of immunization, and test scores for the GRE or GMAT. Other specific requirements may be requested for certain programs.

Western Connecticut State University  is accredited by the New England Commission of Higher Education.

Attending Graduate School Online

Letters of recommendation aren’t always an essential part of the grad school admission process. At select schools, you can use other application materials—such as essays, resumes, and transcripts—to show that you’d be a good fit for a graduate program.

You may want to submit your application as soon as possible, or you may not be sure whom to ask for recommendation letters. Either way, a school that doesn’t require references could be the answer for you.

Online college programs are a highly flexible option for applicants who’d rather not worry about recommendation letters. As you explore accredited online colleges, you can be on the lookout for schools that don’t require references for their grad programs.

• Graduate School

How to Get into Grad School Without Letters of Recommendation

If you are wondering how to get into grad school without recommendation letters, then you are not alone. Many people are wary of asking former professors, employers, or colleagues for letters of recommendation, even though it is a near-universal application requirement for fields like medicine and law and also a requirement of any graduate-level program. But there are exceptions. Just like medical schools that don’t require the MCAT , there are several graduate-level programs around the US that do not ask applicants for letters of recommendation, so you don’t have to read over grad school letter of recommendation examples .

This article will list those programs and give you tips on how to ask for letters of recommendation if you are struggling to find referees.

>> Want us to help you get accepted? Schedule a free strategy call here . <<

Listen to the blog!

Article Contents 12 min read

Graduate programs that don’t require letters of recommendation.

• Appalachian State University

Appalachian State University is a public university in North Carolina that asks all applicants to submit at least three references, but these references can come from a variety of sources. ASU uses a centralized application service for its graduate school. All new applicants must submit their applications via this online portal, regardless of the program they are applying to, but their program may have other supplemental application requirements.

Want to learn top strategies you can use when writing your grad school statement of purpose? Watch this video:

The basic application requirements for the ASU Graduate School include:

• Resume or CV
• Unofficial transcripts
• Three references
• Application fee

There may be other application requirements specific to your program, but the three references the school alludes to can come from various sources. You can ask for character references from people who know you well (excluding family members) or ask former or current employers. Academic sources are preferred, but the school makes this accommodation knowing that many of its students may not be able to produce them.

The only way to get into grad school without letters of recommendation is to apply to a program that does not require them. They are difficult to find and require a lot of research, but they do exist. But whether the program you are applying to requires a letter of recommendation or not should not be what determines whether you go to grad school.

If you want to go to graduate school but are not willing to actively seek out required letters of recommendation, then you should question whether graduate school is right for you. It is true that asking professors, or other faculty members who only have faint recollections of you can seem daunting. But if you are truly dedicated to either obtaining a master’s or going all the way to earn a PhD, then asking former professors, colleagues, or employers for a letter of recommendation should be a miniscule step toward completing your goals.

If you are not sure about how to ask professors or faculty members for letters of recommendation, you can follow these steps:

How to Ask for Letters of Recommendation

1. Be Memorable

Even before you ask for a letter of recommendation, if you have decided to apply to graduate school, then you need to start actively participating in class so that your professors remember you. Professors are more willing to write a letter for a student they remember, but most importantly, remember as being an active participant in class discussions.

Your academic performance also plays a role in whether your professors remember you. But high marks and successfully passing your exams cannot replace a concrete memory of you speaking up in class, asking pertinent questions, or visiting your professor during office hours and having a conversation with them.

Increasing your visibility for professors is beneficial in many ways. Not only will your professors remember you and be more willing to write you a letter, the letter itself will be genuine and honestly reflect their assessment of you as an engaged and intellectually curious student.

2. Tell Them Why You Want to Go to Grad School

Another way you can build rapport and eventually ask a professor for a grad school recommendation letter is by telling them that you want to go to grad school. You can do this indirectly by asking them about graduate school and whether your career, academic, or professional goals require another degree and a commitment of one or two years of your life.

By asking your professors about graduate school, you automatically demonstrate your dedication by wanting to know all about the rigors and requirements of a master’s or PhD. Asking their advice on where you should apply, which program or school is most germane to your goals, or how to choose a PhD topic will reap its own benefits.

3. Bring Your Transcripts, Grades, or Other Application Essays

Making yourself memorable to a current professor is useful, but what if you have to ask a professor who does not remember you? If that is the case, you can bring your supporting documents, some of which you will submit with your application, like your transcripts, a list of schools where you want to go, your research resume , personal statements, or other written materials.

Presenting your referee with these documents is an impartial way for them to assess the strength of your application and academic background. You can show professors what you have achieved in the years since they last taught you so that they can write a letter that is true to your accomplishments; a letter that is vague and unsubstantial will hurt you more than help.

Keep in mind that you can also learn how to write your own letters of recommendation . If you don’t have many references (maybe you worked in one place for your entire university career; missed out on in-person encounters with professors during the global health crisis), you can always create a model that individuals you know less well can add to and sign.    

If you are thinking about going to graduate school and are not sure how to get in without letters of recommendation, then the list of schools and programs above can help. However, while there is nothing wrong with enrolling in a graduate program that does not require letters of recommendation – professionals, mature students, and applicants with families may find not having to submit a letter as an advantage – you should choose a program based on your academic and professional interests, not simply because it does not require a letter of recommendation.

Medical and law schools, as well as graduate-level programs, require letters of recommendation to objectively confirm your qualifications and past achievements. Letters from professional or academic sources give admissions committee members insight into how you’ve conducted yourself in the past and whether you would be a good fit for their program. 

It depends on your program. A majority of high-level graduate courses, medical, law, and business schools do require applicants to submit them. You can apply to a program that does not require them if you do not want to ask a former professor or you feel that too much time has passed. 

Again, it depends on the program. A general range is a minimum of one letter and a maximum of three, but that range is not universal. 

Medical school recommendation letters are often written by practicing physicians, former professors, and something called a pre-professional health committee comprising many different faculty members who write one letter collectively. But the letter writers should be determined by the program you are applying to, which often ask for letters from former professors or instructors. 

The general rule is that family members or people who know you personally should NOT write your recommendation letters. However, there are exceptions. Some schools and programs may let you submit a letter from a family member who is a professional in the field you are applying to (lawyer, doctor, or academic who is related to you). Other schools may let you include personal letters of reference but still ask you for letters from non-family members who are academic sources. 

You should ask as early as possible to give your letter writer time to draft the letter. You should inform your letter writer of all relevant deadlines, so they know when they have to submit. But you want to leave as much time as possible to write an outstanding letter while also giving you time to gather the other parts of your application. 

You can ask for a letter of recommendation in a variety of ways. Many of the schools listed above use a centralized, online application service that lets you enter your letter writers’ email or contact information, so when you submit your application, they are notified via email that you requested a letter. You can also ask your referees directly by reaching out to them via email or phone and explaining to them why you want the letter and for what program or field of study. 

The contents of a letter of recommendation depend on the program you are applying to and whether it has specific requirements. But, in general, letter writers are supposed to relate why you would be a good fit for this program, what about you stands out over other candidates, and what you have done to demonstrate your dedication. 

Want more free tips? Subscribe to our channels for more free and useful content!

Apple Podcasts

Like our blog? Write for us ! >>

Have a question ask our admissions experts below and we'll answer your questions, get started now.

Talk to one of our admissions experts

Our site uses cookies. By using our website, you agree with our cookie policy .

FREE Training Webinar:

How to make your grad school application stand out, (and avoid the top 5 mistakes that get most rejected).

Time Sensitive. Limited Spots Available:

We guarantee you'll get into grad school or you don't pay.

Swipe up to see a great offer!

Do you need a masters to get a PhD? [Straight to PhD without a masters]

Are you toying with the idea of jumping straight from your Bachelor’s to a PhD?

Wondering whether it’s even possible to bypass the Master’s degree and make a beeline for that doctorate? Many budding scholars question whether they need a Master’s to get a PhD or can venture on a more streamlined academic journey.

The truth is, yes, it’s possible to get a PhD without a Master’s, but it’s not a route everyone can or should take.

It’s a personal and strategic decision, hinging on a range of factors, from your academic performance to your research skills and the field of study.

In this blog post, we delve into the nuanced world of pursuing a PhD without a Master’s degree.

We’ll examine a real-life case study, explore the steps involved, estimate the duration, and weigh the pros and cons.

Whether you’re an undergraduate dreaming of a doctorate or a Bachelor’s graduate pondering your next steps, read on to unravel the intricacies of this frequently asked question in academia.

Can You Get a PhD without a Masters? Straight from your bachelor

Yes, you can get a PhD without having a Masters degree. Some come straight from the bachelor’s degree with no issues.

The prerequisites for a PhD vary by field and institution, but there are circumstances where exceptional undergraduates may transition directly into a PhD program.

For this, you need to demonstrate exceptional academic performance, usually through a first-class honors degree.

Real-world experience can also be a factor, especially in applied fields where professional contacts can be beneficial. It’s advantageous to have a good rapport with potential PhD supervisors, perhaps ones who taught you during your undergraduate studies, as they can vouch for your capabilities.

Your undergraduate research, especially if it aligns closely with your intended PhD area, can also provide leverage.

However, keep in mind that competition is fierce, and many successful PhD applicants hold a Master’s degree.

While not impossible, skipping the Master’s step is challenging, and requires diligent planning and effort. Master’s degrees can also equip you with important research skills, making the PhD journey more manageable.

So, if you’re determined to proceed directly from undergraduate to PhD, carefully weigh the benefits and challenges.

A case study:

A determined undergraduate, set a bold goal: to enter a Clinical Psychology PhD program without the transitional master’s. She customized her undergraduate years to match the competitiveness of a master’s candidate. High grades and impressive GRE scores were only the beginning. The student became involved in a research lab, providing firsthand experience with cognitive behavioral therapy for psychosis. Successfully bypassing the Master’s stage, This students journey demonstrates that strategic undergraduate planning and unwavering dedication can, indeed, lead directly to a PhD.

PhDs without a Masters – How Does It Work?

To pursue a PhD without a Master’s, you have to consider several crucial steps to convince a professor and research institute that you are the right candidate for this opportunity:

• Outstanding Undergraduate Performance : Aim for exceptional academic results, ideally achieving a first-class honours degree. This proves your academic prowess and dedication, factors that potential PhD supervisors highly regard.
• Focused Research Interest : Align your undergraduate research, including your dissertation, with your prospective PhD field. Your experience and research during your undergraduate studies could make you a compelling candidate despite not having a Master’s degree.
• Network : Cultivate a good rapport with potential PhD supervisors, preferably those who taught you during your undergraduate studies. Their knowledge of your abilities can be crucial in their decision to support your PhD application.
• Gain Relevant Experience : If you’re considering an applied field, try to gain real-world, practical experience. This experience, particularly if you make professional contacts, can be an added advantage.
• Application : Apply to universities that accept PhD candidates without a Master’s. Craft a persuasive application detailing your strengths, passion for the field, research interests, and relevant experiences.

Remember, pursuing a PhD without a Master’s is challenging due to stiff competition from Master’s degree holders. It requires exceptional strategic planning, unrelenting dedication, and resilience. It’s also worth considering that a Master’s degree can provide you with invaluable research skills, and might make your PhD journey smoother.

How Long Does It Take to Get a PhD Without a Masters?

Getting a PhD without a Master’s degree will typically take about the same length of time as if you had a Master’s degree, but the time can vary depending on the program, country, and individual dedication. Here’s a breakdown with approximate timelines:

In total, it typically takes about 5-7 years after your undergraduate degree to complete a PhD. It is essential to note that these durations are averages and can vary significantly based on individual pace, the field of study, program structure, and university policies.

This timeline also assumes a full-time commitment to your PhD studies. Part-time studies would extend the duration. Furthermore, the process can be expedited or prolonged based on the success of your research, any setbacks you encounter, or personal circumstances.

Should you do a PhD program without a Masters?

Deciding to pursue a PhD without first earning a Master’s degree is an intensely personal choice, often contingent on an individual’s academic journey and goals.

Securing a Master’s degree before entering a PhD program usually enriches your understanding of the field, refines your research skills, and may increase your chances of securing admission to a PhD program.

Without a Masters, you may face a competitive application process and potentially be at a disadvantage.

However, some determined undergraduates, with substantial research experience, successfully bypass the Master’s and head straight to a PhD, saving time and tuition.

This, known as an integrated or direct entry PhD program, however, requires meticulous planning, diligent research work, and unwavering commitment.

Wrapping up – Go straight to PhD from undergrad

Venturing straight from a Bachelor’s degree to a PhD, bypassing a Master’s, is a viable yet demanding route.

Navigating this academic journey requires meticulous planning, exceptional undergraduate performance, focused research interest, networking, relevant experience, and a persuasive application.

Remember, the academic competition is fierce, and most successful PhD students have completed a Master’s first. If you’re determined to proceed directly into a PhD program, weigh the benefits, challenges, and potential disadvantages.

Integrated or direct-entry PhD programs can save time and money, but also demand a substantial commitment to your research skills and academic experience.

Each journey is personal, so consider your own aspirations, capabilities, and the programs you’re interested in before making your decision.

Dr Andrew Stapleton has a Masters and PhD in Chemistry from the UK and Australia. He has many years of research experience and has worked as a Postdoctoral Fellow and Associate at a number of Universities. Although having secured funding for his own research, he left academia to help others with his YouTube channel all about the inner workings of academia and how to make it work for you.

Thank you for visiting Academia Insider.

We are here to help you navigate Academia as painlessly as possible. We are supported by our readers and by visiting you are helping us earn a small amount through ads and affiliate revenue - Thank you!

2024 © Academia Insider

Browser does not support script.

• Employer Partnerships

Academic References

Guidance for research programme applicants.

Your references are an important aspect of your application, and it is your responsibility to nominate suitable referees who will be willing to provide a reference in support of your application.

We prefer two references from academics you have recently studied with, and who understand your interest and capacity to enter a PhD programme. If you have been outside of education for several years, we will accept one non-academic reference but would expect them to know you well and be able to comment on your potential as a research student in your chosen field. 

All references must be in English. 

Please read the guidance for submitting references carefully and provide your referees with sufficient time to write and submit your reference. 

Please note that your application will not be considered without complete references.

You are strongly encouraged to contact your prospective referees before nominating them in your online application to confirm that they are happy to provide a reference and will do so quickly, and so that they know to look out for our reference request email.

You can view the status of each of your reference requests by going back to the References section of your online application form at any time. 

Our research Browse the latest research from LSE Department of Management

PhD Programmes Specialise in Management and work with work-class faculty members

• Top University in USA
• Top University in Canada
• Top University in Ireland
• Top Universities in UK
• Top Universities in Australia
• Best MBA Colleges in Abroad
• Business Management Studies Colleges

Top Countries

• Study in USA
• Study in UK
• Study in Canada
• Study in Australia
• Study in Ireland
• Study in Germany
• Study in China
• Study in Europe

Student Visas

• Student Visa Canada
• Student Visa UK
• Student Visa USA
• Student Visa Australia
• Student Visa Germany
• Student Visa New Zealand
• Student Visa Ireland
• JEE Main 2024
• JEE Advanced 2024
• BITSAT 2024
• View All Engineering Exams
• Colleges Accepting B.Tech Applications
• Top Engineering Colleges in India
• Engineering Colleges in India
• Engineering Colleges in Tamil Nadu
• Engineering Colleges Accepting JEE Main
• Top IITs in India
• Top NITs in India
• Top IIITs in India
• JEE Main College Predictor
• JEE Main Rank Predictor
• MHT CET College Predictor
• AP EAMCET College Predictor
• GATE College Predictor
• KCET College Predictor
• JEE Advanced College Predictor
• View All College Predictors
• JEE Main Question Paper
• JEE Main Mock Test
• JEE Main Registration
• JEE Main Syllabus
• Download E-Books and Sample Papers
• Compare Colleges
• B.Tech College Applications
• GATE 2024 Result
• MAH MBA CET Exam
• View All Management Exams

Colleges & Courses

• MBA College Admissions
• MBA Colleges in India
• Top IIMs Colleges in India
• Top Online MBA Colleges in India
• MBA Colleges Accepting XAT Score
• BBA Colleges in India
• XAT College Predictor 2024
• SNAP College Predictor
• NMAT College Predictor
• MAT College Predictor 2024
• CMAT College Predictor 2024
• CAT Percentile Predictor 2023
• CAT 2023 College Predictor
• CMAT 2024 Registration
• TS ICET 2024 Registration
• CMAT Exam Date 2024
• MAH MBA CET Cutoff 2024
• Download Helpful Ebooks
• List of Popular Branches
• QnA - Get answers to your doubts
• IIM Fees Structure
• AIIMS Nursing
• Top Medical Colleges in India
• Top Medical Colleges in India accepting NEET Score
• Medical Colleges accepting NEET
• List of Medical Colleges in India
• List of AIIMS Colleges In India
• Medical Colleges in Maharashtra
• Medical Colleges in India Accepting NEET PG
• NEET College Predictor
• NEET PG College Predictor
• NEET MDS College Predictor
• DNB CET College Predictor
• DNB PDCET College Predictor
• NEET Application Form 2024
• NEET PG Application Form 2024
• NEET Cut off
• NEET Online Preparation
• Download Helpful E-books
• LSAT India 2024
• Colleges Accepting Admissions
• Top Law Colleges in India
• Law College Accepting CLAT Score
• List of Law Colleges in India
• Top Law Colleges in Delhi
• Top Law Collages in Indore
• Top Law Colleges in Chandigarh
• Top Law Collages in Lucknow

Predictors & E-Books

• CLAT College Predictor
• MHCET Law ( 5 Year L.L.B) College Predictor
• AILET College Predictor
• Sample Papers
• Compare Law Collages
• Careers360 Youtube Channel
• CLAT Syllabus 2025
• CLAT Previous Year Question Paper
• AIBE 18 Result 2023
• NID DAT Exam
• Pearl Academy Exam

Animation Courses

• Animation Courses in India
• Animation Courses in Bangalore
• Animation Courses in Mumbai
• Animation Courses in Pune
• Animation Courses in Chennai
• Animation Courses in Hyderabad
• Design Colleges in India
• Fashion Design Colleges in Bangalore
• Fashion Design Colleges in Mumbai
• Fashion Design Colleges in Pune
• Fashion Design Colleges in Delhi
• Fashion Design Colleges in Hyderabad
• Fashion Design Colleges in India
• Top Design Colleges in India
• Free Sample Papers
• Free Design E-books
• List of Branches
• Careers360 Youtube channel
• NIFT College Predictor
• UCEED College Predictor
• NID DAT College Predictor
• IPU CET BJMC
• JMI Mass Communication Entrance Exam
• IIMC Entrance Exam
• Media & Journalism colleges in Delhi
• Media & Journalism colleges in Bangalore
• Media & Journalism colleges in Mumbai
• List of Media & Journalism Colleges in India
• Free Ebooks
• CA Intermediate
• CA Foundation
• CS Executive
• CS Professional
• Difference between CA and CS
• Difference between CA and CMA
• CA Full form
• CMA Full form
• CS Full form
• CA Salary In India

Top Courses & Careers

• Bachelor of Commerce (B.Com)
• Master of Commerce (M.Com)
• Company Secretary
• Cost Accountant
• Charted Accountant
• Credit Manager
• Financial Advisor
• Top Commerce Colleges in India
• Top Government Commerce Colleges in India
• Top Private Commerce Colleges in India
• Top M.Com Colleges in Mumbai
• Top B.Com Colleges in India
• IT Colleges in Tamil Nadu
• IT Colleges in Uttar Pradesh
• MCA Colleges in India
• BCA Colleges in India

Quick Links

• Information Technology Courses
• Programming Courses
• Web Development Courses
• Data Analytics Courses
• Big Data Analytics Courses
• RUHS Pharmacy Admission Test
• Top Pharmacy Colleges in India
• Pharmacy Colleges in Pune
• Pharmacy Colleges in Mumbai
• Colleges Accepting GPAT Score
• Pharmacy Colleges in Lucknow
• List of Pharmacy Colleges in Nagpur
• GPAT Result
• GPAT 2024 Admit Card
• GPAT Question Papers
• NCHMCT JEE 2024
• Mah BHMCT CET
• Top Hotel Management Colleges in Delhi
• Top Hotel Management Colleges in Hyderabad
• Top Hotel Management Colleges in Mumbai
• Top Hotel Management Colleges in Tamil Nadu
• Top Hotel Management Colleges in Maharashtra
• B.Sc Hotel Management
• Hotel Management
• Diploma in Hotel Management and Catering Technology

Diploma Colleges

• Top Diploma Colleges in Maharashtra
• UPSC IAS 2024
• SSC CGL 2024
• IBPS RRB 2024
• Previous Year Sample Papers
• Free Competition E-books
• Sarkari Result
• QnA- Get your doubts answered
• UPSC Previous Year Sample Papers
• CTET Previous Year Sample Papers
• SBI Clerk Previous Year Sample Papers
• NDA Previous Year Sample Papers

Upcoming Events

• NDA Application Form 2024
• UPSC IAS Application Form 2024
• CDS Application Form 2024
• CTET Admit card 2024
• HP TET Result 2023
• SSC GD Constable Admit Card 2024
• UPTET Notification 2024
• SBI Clerk Result 2024

Other Exams

• SSC CHSL 2024
• UP PCS 2024
• UGC NET 2024
• RRB NTPC 2024
• IBPS PO 2024
• IBPS Clerk 2024
• IBPS SO 2024
• CBSE Class 10th
• CBSE Class 12th
• UP Board 10th
• UP Board 12th
• Bihar Board 10th
• Bihar Board 12th
• Top Schools in India
• Top Schools in Delhi
• Top Schools in Mumbai
• Top Schools in Chennai
• Top Schools in Hyderabad
• Top Schools in Kolkata
• Top Schools in Pune
• Top Schools in Bangalore

Products & Resources

• JEE Main Knockout April
• NCERT Notes
• NCERT Syllabus
• NCERT Books
• RD Sharma Solutions
• Navodaya Vidyalaya Admission 2024-25
• NCERT Solutions
• NCERT Solutions for Class 12
• NCERT Solutions for Class 11
• NCERT solutions for Class 10
• NCERT solutions for Class 9
• NCERT solutions for Class 8
• NCERT Solutions for Class 7
• CUET PG 2024
• IGNOU B.Ed Admission 2024
• DU Admission
• UP B.Ed JEE 2024
• DDU Entrance Exam
• IIT JAM 2024
• IGNOU Online Admission 2024
• Universities in India
• Top Universities in India 2024
• Top Colleges in India
• Top Universities in Uttar Pradesh 2024
• Top Universities in Bihar
• Top Universities in Madhya Pradesh 2024
• Top Universities in Tamil Nadu 2024
• Central Universities in India
• CUET PG Admit Card 2024
• IGNOU Date Sheet
• CUET Mock Test 2024
• CUET Application Form 2024
• CUET PG Syllabus 2024
• CUET Participating Universities 2024
• CUET Previous Year Question Paper
• CUET Syllabus 2024 for Science Students
• E-Books and Sample Papers
• CUET Exam Pattern 2024
• CUET Exam Date 2024
• CUET Syllabus 2024
• IGNOU Exam Form 2024
• IGNOU Result
• CUET PG Courses 2024

Engineering Preparation

• Knockout JEE Main 2024
• Test Series JEE Main 2024
• JEE Main 2024 Rank Booster

Medical Preparation

• Knockout NEET 2024
• Test Series NEET 2024
• Rank Booster NEET 2024

Online Courses

• JEE Main One Month Course
• NEET One Month Course
• IBSAT Free Mock Tests
• IIT JEE Foundation Course
• Knockout BITSAT 2024
• Career Guidance Tool

Top Streams

• IT & Software Certification Courses
• Engineering and Architecture Certification Courses
• Programming And Development Certification Courses
• Business and Management Certification Courses
• Marketing Certification Courses
• Health and Fitness Certification Courses
• Design Certification Courses

Specializations

• Digital Marketing Certification Courses
• Cyber Security Certification Courses
• Artificial Intelligence Certification Courses
• Business Analytics Certification Courses
• Data Science Certification Courses
• Cloud Computing Certification Courses
• Machine Learning Certification Courses
• View All Certification Courses
• UG Degree Courses
• PG Degree Courses
• Short Term Courses
• Free Courses
• Online Degrees and Diplomas
• Compare Courses

Top Providers

• Coursera Courses
• Udemy Courses
• Edx Courses
• Swayam Courses
• upGrad Courses
• Simplilearn Courses
• Great Learning Courses

Access premium articles, webinars, resources to make the best decisions for career, course, exams, scholarships, study abroad and much more with

Plan, Prepare & Make the Best Career Choices

Letter of Recommendation (LOR) for PhD Students (with Sample) - Need, Parts, Qualities

Letter of Recommendation for PhD Students: For PhD students, a letter of recommendation is a crucial component of the application documents. While other admissions materials, like transcripts and test results, are factual, a letter of recommendation for PhD students integrates the plans and facts of a CV and statement of purpose. A résumé is a summary of your accomplishments, transcripts are evidence of your achievements, and an SOP describes the significance of the course and your readiness for it. A reference letter for a PhD is an unbiased opinion on everything mentioned above. TOP EXAMS : IELTS | TOEFL | GRE | GMAT Country Guide : UK | Ireland | Australia | Canada

What is the need for a letter of recommendation for PhD students

Select the right person to write recommendation letter for phd, letter of recommendation for phd students: qualities to focus on, parts of a lor for phd students, elements of letter of recommendation for ph.d. students.

A PhD application usually requires at least two letters of recommendation for students from their professors. This allows the admission committee to know the applicants as people with skills that would otherwise be difficult to know from their resumes, transcripts and SOP. A letter of recommendation for PhD students should mention at least three qualities of the applicant – a social quality and at least two technical or subject-related qualities.

Moreover, as a PhD is an advanced specialised programme, the subject-related quality should be focused on projects carried out and specialised courses that will aid his/her PhD research. Read the complete article to know all the details about PhD letter of recommendation, PhD reference letter samples, and more.

MET Institute of International Studies BBA Admissions 2024

B.Sc (Hons)/BA (Hons) Business Administration, is an International BBA programme offered at MET Institute of International Studies, Mumbai

Universities inviting applications | Get expert guidance

A recommendation letter for PhD student from professors holds much more importance than those applying for undergraduate or master's courses. Grades and GRE scores play a big role in receiving admission from a university. The recommendation letter for PhD admission is usually the deciding factor when choosing between candidates with similar credentials. Go through the key points to be included in the reference letter for PhD students from the professor to gain an understanding of what it is before you ask your professor to write a PhD reference letter for you.

Before asking someone for a recommendation letter for PhD application, you should know whom to ask. PhD is purely an academic degree and therefore you need to have a recommendation letter for PhD from those who can vouch for your academic inclination and strengths. PhD recommendation letter should be written by academicians with whom you have worked or someone who has supervised or taught you. If you are aspiring for a PhD programme or want a lor for PhD post-doctoral research, you should ideally ask your master's project guide or PhD guide to be one of the referees for your letter of recommendation for PhD students.

Your faculty must go through a sample recommendation letter for a PhD from a professor before sitting down to write one recommendation letter PhD for you. Other letters of recommendation for PhD students from teachers and professionals can be taken from persons who are from the same field or specialization in which you intend to do your PhD. You can also take your recommendation letter for doctoral programs from your supervisor who has an understanding of your academic capabilities.

Friends and relatives are not supposed to write your LOR for PhD students for a number of reasons; first, they do not have first-hand information about your academic capabilities. Second, as they have not professionally or academically worked with you, they would not be able to present relevant information in the PhD letter of recommendation about you. Also, the recommender might not have in-depth knowledge of the discipline you intend to do a PhD. Last but not least, relatives cannot be objective about your qualities. That's why it is not a great idea to take your student recommendation letter from them. So a letter of recommendation for PhD students from teachers, professors, supervisors, coaches, etc., is only applicable.

The person who is writing a letter of recommendation for PhD students would be a professional who has known the applicant academically for no less than one year. The recommender should not only know you as one of the students in the department, but they should also know you as a person, your capabilities as a student, as well as your control over the subject they have been teaching. They should also be aware of your plans.

Recommendation letters for Ph.D. students from supervisors, and professors are very subject-specific. Referees should speak of strong subject knowledge as well as analysis traits. Reference letter for PhD student should show the student as possessing positive qualities like intelligence, self-motivation, responsibility, and amiableness. Emphasis should be given to passion and dedication as well.

Advanced study like a Ph.D. is often a challenging and demanding program. Therefore, the PhD recommendation letter should also display perseverance, competitiveness and the ability to work independently. Courses and knowledge related to PhD programme-related packages, extra courses, and statistical analysis techniques should be exemplified in the letter of recommendation for the PhD program.

• IELTS, TOEFL, PTE, and More - Which one is right for you?
• Why Early IELTS Preparation Is Vital For Aspiring International Students

Shortlist best ranked universities & get expert guidance

Want to study in Ireland? Explore Universities & Courses

A student recommendation letter for a PhD will typically be between one to two pages. The document of recommendation letter for PhD student should be well differentiated into 5–6 paragraphs. The LOR for PhD should begin with an introductory paragraph about the recommender and his/her association with the applicant. You must read a PDF of the PhD recommendation letter sample before you ask your recommenders to give you one.

The next 3 to 4 paragraphs in the letter of recommendation for PhD program should outline the different academic and social qualities of the applicant with suitable substantiation. No quality should be mentioned without a suitable example. Finally, the concluding paragraph will sum up the above with a line recommending the applicant for the programme.

Also Read, Best Country to Study Abroad for Indian Students

Below is a sample recommendation letter for PhD from a professor. Candidates can refer to it while writing the LOR for PhD students.

Reference letter sample for PhD student

Like there is a letter of recommendation for PhD students from professors, you can also read about PhD reference letter sample pdf, sample LOR for graduate school from coworker pdf, letter of recommendation for PhD in computer science, sample recommendation letter for employee, etc which will give you a fair idea what a recommendation letter is all about.

A recommendation letter for PhD students from a professor or supervisor gives a human touch to the applicant’s profile. A reference letter for PhD student from a professor is the only document that can present the applicant’s social side to the admission committee. Therefore, choose a referee who can not only substantiate your academic strengths but also cite appropriate examples of your social qualities in your recommendation letter for PhD students.

Frequently Asked Question (FAQs)

It is crucial that the person writing your recommendation letter is someone who is familiar with your academic abilities. The most frequent writers of letters of recommendation are academics; professors or supervisors, but, other experts who are familiar with you and have overseen your academic or research work may also be suitable candidates.

The reference letter should be 1-2 pages long with 5-6 paragraphs.

PhD suggestions are highly specialised. Referees should emphasise both analytical skills and in-depth topic understanding. Letters of recommendation for students should highlight their intelligence, initiative, responsibility, and interpersonal skills.

Yes, PhD, postdoc, and scholarship applications typically require two to three letters of recommendation. These letters should come from professors who know your work and can detail your possibilities.

• Latest Articles
• Popular Articles

Upcoming Studyabroad Exams

Graduate record exam.

Exam Date : 07 April,2024 - 20 April,2024

Medical College Admission Test

Result Date : 23 April,2024

Law School Admission Test

Exam Date : 07 June,2024

Explore Career Options (By Industry)

• Construction
• Entertainment
• Manufacturing
• Information Technology

Data Administrator

Database professionals use software to store and organise data such as financial information, and customer shipping records. Individuals who opt for a career as data administrators ensure that data is available for users and secured from unauthorised sales. DB administrators may work in various types of industries. It may involve computer systems design, service firms, insurance companies, banks and hospitals.

Bio Medical Engineer

The field of biomedical engineering opens up a universe of expert chances. An Individual in the biomedical engineering career path work in the field of engineering as well as medicine, in order to find out solutions to common problems of the two fields. The biomedical engineering job opportunities are to collaborate with doctors and researchers to develop medical systems, equipment, or devices that can solve clinical problems. Here we will be discussing jobs after biomedical engineering, how to get a job in biomedical engineering, biomedical engineering scope, and salary. 

Ethical Hacker

A career as ethical hacker involves various challenges and provides lucrative opportunities in the digital era where every giant business and startup owns its cyberspace on the world wide web. Individuals in the ethical hacker career path try to find the vulnerabilities in the cyber system to get its authority. If he or she succeeds in it then he or she gets its illegal authority. Individuals in the ethical hacker career path then steal information or delete the file that could affect the business, functioning, or services of the organization.

GIS officer work on various GIS software to conduct a study and gather spatial and non-spatial information. GIS experts update the GIS data and maintain it. The databases include aerial or satellite imagery, latitudinal and longitudinal coordinates, and manually digitized images of maps. In a career as GIS expert, one is responsible for creating online and mobile maps.

Data Analyst

The invention of the database has given fresh breath to the people involved in the data analytics career path. Analysis refers to splitting up a whole into its individual components for individual analysis. Data analysis is a method through which raw data are processed and transformed into information that would be beneficial for user strategic thinking.

Data are collected and examined to respond to questions, evaluate hypotheses or contradict theories. It is a tool for analyzing, transforming, modeling, and arranging data with useful knowledge, to assist in decision-making and methods, encompassing various strategies, and is used in different fields of business, research, and social science.

Geothermal Engineer

Individuals who opt for a career as geothermal engineers are the professionals involved in the processing of geothermal energy. The responsibilities of geothermal engineers may vary depending on the workplace location. Those who work in fields design facilities to process and distribute geothermal energy. They oversee the functioning of machinery used in the field.

Database Architect

If you are intrigued by the programming world and are interested in developing communications networks then a career as database architect may be a good option for you. Data architect roles and responsibilities include building design models for data communication networks. Wide Area Networks (WANs), local area networks (LANs), and intranets are included in the database networks. It is expected that database architects will have in-depth knowledge of a company's business to develop a network to fulfil the requirements of the organisation. Stay tuned as we look at the larger picture and give you more information on what is db architecture, why you should pursue database architecture, what to expect from such a degree and what your job opportunities will be after graduation. Here, we will be discussing how to become a data architect. Students can visit NIT Trichy , IIT Kharagpur , JMI New Delhi . 

Remote Sensing Technician

Individuals who opt for a career as a remote sensing technician possess unique personalities. Remote sensing analysts seem to be rational human beings, they are strong, independent, persistent, sincere, realistic and resourceful. Some of them are analytical as well, which means they are intelligent, introspective and inquisitive. 

Remote sensing scientists use remote sensing technology to support scientists in fields such as community planning, flight planning or the management of natural resources. Analysing data collected from aircraft, satellites or ground-based platforms using statistical analysis software, image analysis software or Geographic Information Systems (GIS) is a significant part of their work. Do you want to learn how to become remote sensing technician? There's no need to be concerned; we've devised a simple remote sensing technician career path for you. Scroll through the pages and read.

Budget Analyst

Budget analysis, in a nutshell, entails thoroughly analyzing the details of a financial budget. The budget analysis aims to better understand and manage revenue. Budget analysts assist in the achievement of financial targets, the preservation of profitability, and the pursuit of long-term growth for a business. Budget analysts generally have a bachelor's degree in accounting, finance, economics, or a closely related field. Knowledge of Financial Management is of prime importance in this career.

Underwriter

An underwriter is a person who assesses and evaluates the risk of insurance in his or her field like mortgage, loan, health policy, investment, and so on and so forth. The underwriter career path does involve risks as analysing the risks means finding out if there is a way for the insurance underwriter jobs to recover the money from its clients. If the risk turns out to be too much for the company then in the future it is an underwriter who will be held accountable for it. Therefore, one must carry out his or her job with a lot of attention and diligence.

Finance Executive

Product manager.

A Product Manager is a professional responsible for product planning and marketing. He or she manages the product throughout the Product Life Cycle, gathering and prioritising the product. A product manager job description includes defining the product vision and working closely with team members of other departments to deliver winning products.  

Operations Manager

Individuals in the operations manager jobs are responsible for ensuring the efficiency of each department to acquire its optimal goal. They plan the use of resources and distribution of materials. The operations manager's job description includes managing budgets, negotiating contracts, and performing administrative tasks.

Stock Analyst

Individuals who opt for a career as a stock analyst examine the company's investments makes decisions and keep track of financial securities. The nature of such investments will differ from one business to the next. Individuals in the stock analyst career use data mining to forecast a company's profits and revenues, advise clients on whether to buy or sell, participate in seminars, and discussing financial matters with executives and evaluate annual reports.

A Researcher is a professional who is responsible for collecting data and information by reviewing the literature and conducting experiments and surveys. He or she uses various methodological processes to provide accurate data and information that is utilised by academicians and other industry professionals. Here, we will discuss what is a researcher, the researcher's salary, types of researchers.

Welding Engineer

Welding Engineer Job Description: A Welding Engineer work involves managing welding projects and supervising welding teams. He or she is responsible for reviewing welding procedures, processes and documentation. A career as Welding Engineer involves conducting failure analyses and causes on welding issues. 

Transportation Planner

A career as Transportation Planner requires technical application of science and technology in engineering, particularly the concepts, equipment and technologies involved in the production of products and services. In fields like land use, infrastructure review, ecological standards and street design, he or she considers issues of health, environment and performance. A Transportation Planner assigns resources for implementing and designing programmes. He or she is responsible for assessing needs, preparing plans and forecasts and compliance with regulations.

Environmental Engineer

Individuals who opt for a career as an environmental engineer are construction professionals who utilise the skills and knowledge of biology, soil science, chemistry and the concept of engineering to design and develop projects that serve as solutions to various environmental problems. 

Safety Manager

A Safety Manager is a professional responsible for employee’s safety at work. He or she plans, implements and oversees the company’s employee safety. A Safety Manager ensures compliance and adherence to Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) guidelines.

Conservation Architect

A Conservation Architect is a professional responsible for conserving and restoring buildings or monuments having a historic value. He or she applies techniques to document and stabilise the object’s state without any further damage. A Conservation Architect restores the monuments and heritage buildings to bring them back to their original state.

Structural Engineer

A Structural Engineer designs buildings, bridges, and other related structures. He or she analyzes the structures and makes sure the structures are strong enough to be used by the people. A career as a Structural Engineer requires working in the construction process. It comes under the civil engineering discipline. A Structure Engineer creates structural models with the help of computer-aided design software. 

Highway Engineer

Highway Engineer Job Description:  A Highway Engineer is a civil engineer who specialises in planning and building thousands of miles of roads that support connectivity and allow transportation across the country. He or she ensures that traffic management schemes are effectively planned concerning economic sustainability and successful implementation.

Field Surveyor

Are you searching for a Field Surveyor Job Description? A Field Surveyor is a professional responsible for conducting field surveys for various places or geographical conditions. He or she collects the required data and information as per the instructions given by senior officials. 

Orthotist and Prosthetist

Orthotists and Prosthetists are professionals who provide aid to patients with disabilities. They fix them to artificial limbs (prosthetics) and help them to regain stability. There are times when people lose their limbs in an accident. In some other occasions, they are born without a limb or orthopaedic impairment. Orthotists and prosthetists play a crucial role in their lives with fixing them to assistive devices and provide mobility.

Pathologist

A career in pathology in India is filled with several responsibilities as it is a medical branch and affects human lives. The demand for pathologists has been increasing over the past few years as people are getting more aware of different diseases. Not only that, but an increase in population and lifestyle changes have also contributed to the increase in a pathologist’s demand. The pathology careers provide an extremely huge number of opportunities and if you want to be a part of the medical field you can consider being a pathologist. If you want to know more about a career in pathology in India then continue reading this article.

Veterinary Doctor

Speech therapist, gynaecologist.

Gynaecology can be defined as the study of the female body. The job outlook for gynaecology is excellent since there is evergreen demand for one because of their responsibility of dealing with not only women’s health but also fertility and pregnancy issues. Although most women prefer to have a women obstetrician gynaecologist as their doctor, men also explore a career as a gynaecologist and there are ample amounts of male doctors in the field who are gynaecologists and aid women during delivery and childbirth. 

Audiologist

The audiologist career involves audiology professionals who are responsible to treat hearing loss and proactively preventing the relevant damage. Individuals who opt for a career as an audiologist use various testing strategies with the aim to determine if someone has a normal sensitivity to sounds or not. After the identification of hearing loss, a hearing doctor is required to determine which sections of the hearing are affected, to what extent they are affected, and where the wound causing the hearing loss is found. As soon as the hearing loss is identified, the patients are provided with recommendations for interventions and rehabilitation such as hearing aids, cochlear implants, and appropriate medical referrals. While audiology is a branch of science that studies and researches hearing, balance, and related disorders.

An oncologist is a specialised doctor responsible for providing medical care to patients diagnosed with cancer. He or she uses several therapies to control the cancer and its effect on the human body such as chemotherapy, immunotherapy, radiation therapy and biopsy. An oncologist designs a treatment plan based on a pathology report after diagnosing the type of cancer and where it is spreading inside the body.

Are you searching for an ‘Anatomist job description’? An Anatomist is a research professional who applies the laws of biological science to determine the ability of bodies of various living organisms including animals and humans to regenerate the damaged or destroyed organs. If you want to know what does an anatomist do, then read the entire article, where we will answer all your questions.

For an individual who opts for a career as an actor, the primary responsibility is to completely speak to the character he or she is playing and to persuade the crowd that the character is genuine by connecting with them and bringing them into the story. This applies to significant roles and littler parts, as all roles join to make an effective creation. Here in this article, we will discuss how to become an actor in India, actor exams, actor salary in India, and actor jobs. 

Individuals who opt for a career as acrobats create and direct original routines for themselves, in addition to developing interpretations of existing routines. The work of circus acrobats can be seen in a variety of performance settings, including circus, reality shows, sports events like the Olympics, movies and commercials. Individuals who opt for a career as acrobats must be prepared to face rejections and intermittent periods of work. The creativity of acrobats may extend to other aspects of the performance. For example, acrobats in the circus may work with gym trainers, celebrities or collaborate with other professionals to enhance such performance elements as costume and or maybe at the teaching end of the career.

Video Game Designer

Career as a video game designer is filled with excitement as well as responsibilities. A video game designer is someone who is involved in the process of creating a game from day one. He or she is responsible for fulfilling duties like designing the character of the game, the several levels involved, plot, art and similar other elements. Individuals who opt for a career as a video game designer may also write the codes for the game using different programming languages.

Depending on the video game designer job description and experience they may also have to lead a team and do the early testing of the game in order to suggest changes and find loopholes.

Radio Jockey

Radio Jockey is an exciting, promising career and a great challenge for music lovers. If you are really interested in a career as radio jockey, then it is very important for an RJ to have an automatic, fun, and friendly personality. If you want to get a job done in this field, a strong command of the language and a good voice are always good things. Apart from this, in order to be a good radio jockey, you will also listen to good radio jockeys so that you can understand their style and later make your own by practicing.

A career as radio jockey has a lot to offer to deserving candidates. If you want to know more about a career as radio jockey, and how to become a radio jockey then continue reading the article.

Choreographer

The word “choreography" actually comes from Greek words that mean “dance writing." Individuals who opt for a career as a choreographer create and direct original dances, in addition to developing interpretations of existing dances. A Choreographer dances and utilises his or her creativity in other aspects of dance performance. For example, he or she may work with the music director to select music or collaborate with other famous choreographers to enhance such performance elements as lighting, costume and set design.

Social Media Manager

A career as social media manager involves implementing the company’s or brand’s marketing plan across all social media channels. Social media managers help in building or improving a brand’s or a company’s website traffic, build brand awareness, create and implement marketing and brand strategy. Social media managers are key to important social communication as well.

Photographer

Photography is considered both a science and an art, an artistic means of expression in which the camera replaces the pen. In a career as a photographer, an individual is hired to capture the moments of public and private events, such as press conferences or weddings, or may also work inside a studio, where people go to get their picture clicked. Photography is divided into many streams each generating numerous career opportunities in photography. With the boom in advertising, media, and the fashion industry, photography has emerged as a lucrative and thrilling career option for many Indian youths.

An individual who is pursuing a career as a producer is responsible for managing the business aspects of production. They are involved in each aspect of production from its inception to deception. Famous movie producers review the script, recommend changes and visualise the story. 

They are responsible for overseeing the finance involved in the project and distributing the film for broadcasting on various platforms. A career as a producer is quite fulfilling as well as exhaustive in terms of playing different roles in order for a production to be successful. Famous movie producers are responsible for hiring creative and technical personnel on contract basis.

Copy Writer

In a career as a copywriter, one has to consult with the client and understand the brief well. A career as a copywriter has a lot to offer to deserving candidates. Several new mediums of advertising are opening therefore making it a lucrative career choice. Students can pursue various copywriter courses such as Journalism , Advertising , Marketing Management . Here, we have discussed how to become a freelance copywriter, copywriter career path, how to become a copywriter in India, and copywriting career outlook. 

In a career as a vlogger, one generally works for himself or herself. However, once an individual has gained viewership there are several brands and companies that approach them for paid collaboration. It is one of those fields where an individual can earn well while following his or her passion. 

Ever since internet costs got reduced the viewership for these types of content has increased on a large scale. Therefore, a career as a vlogger has a lot to offer. If you want to know more about the Vlogger eligibility, roles and responsibilities then continue reading the article. 

For publishing books, newspapers, magazines and digital material, editorial and commercial strategies are set by publishers. Individuals in publishing career paths make choices about the markets their businesses will reach and the type of content that their audience will be served. Individuals in book publisher careers collaborate with editorial staff, designers, authors, and freelance contributors who develop and manage the creation of content.

Careers in journalism are filled with excitement as well as responsibilities. One cannot afford to miss out on the details. As it is the small details that provide insights into a story. Depending on those insights a journalist goes about writing a news article. A journalism career can be stressful at times but if you are someone who is passionate about it then it is the right choice for you. If you want to know more about the media field and journalist career then continue reading this article.

Individuals in the editor career path is an unsung hero of the news industry who polishes the language of the news stories provided by stringers, reporters, copywriters and content writers and also news agencies. Individuals who opt for a career as an editor make it more persuasive, concise and clear for readers. In this article, we will discuss the details of the editor's career path such as how to become an editor in India, editor salary in India and editor skills and qualities.

Individuals who opt for a career as a reporter may often be at work on national holidays and festivities. He or she pitches various story ideas and covers news stories in risky situations. Students can pursue a BMC (Bachelor of Mass Communication) , B.M.M. (Bachelor of Mass Media) , or  MAJMC (MA in Journalism and Mass Communication) to become a reporter. While we sit at home reporters travel to locations to collect information that carries a news value.  

Corporate Executive

Are you searching for a Corporate Executive job description? A Corporate Executive role comes with administrative duties. He or she provides support to the leadership of the organisation. A Corporate Executive fulfils the business purpose and ensures its financial stability. In this article, we are going to discuss how to become corporate executive.

Multimedia Specialist

A multimedia specialist is a media professional who creates, audio, videos, graphic image files, computer animations for multimedia applications. He or she is responsible for planning, producing, and maintaining websites and applications. 

Quality Controller

A quality controller plays a crucial role in an organisation. He or she is responsible for performing quality checks on manufactured products. He or she identifies the defects in a product and rejects the product. 

A quality controller records detailed information about products with defects and sends it to the supervisor or plant manager to take necessary actions to improve the production process.

Production Manager

A QA Lead is in charge of the QA Team. The role of QA Lead comes with the responsibility of assessing services and products in order to determine that he or she meets the quality standards. He or she develops, implements and manages test plans. 

Process Development Engineer

The Process Development Engineers design, implement, manufacture, mine, and other production systems using technical knowledge and expertise in the industry. They use computer modeling software to test technologies and machinery. An individual who is opting career as Process Development Engineer is responsible for developing cost-effective and efficient processes. They also monitor the production process and ensure it functions smoothly and efficiently.

AWS Solution Architect

An AWS Solution Architect is someone who specializes in developing and implementing cloud computing systems. He or she has a good understanding of the various aspects of cloud computing and can confidently deploy and manage their systems. He or she troubleshoots the issues and evaluates the risk from the third party. 

Azure Administrator

An Azure Administrator is a professional responsible for implementing, monitoring, and maintaining Azure Solutions. He or she manages cloud infrastructure service instances and various cloud servers as well as sets up public and private cloud systems. 

Computer Programmer

Careers in computer programming primarily refer to the systematic act of writing code and moreover include wider computer science areas. The word 'programmer' or 'coder' has entered into practice with the growing number of newly self-taught tech enthusiasts. Computer programming careers involve the use of designs created by software developers and engineers and transforming them into commands that can be implemented by computers. These commands result in regular usage of social media sites, word-processing applications and browsers.

Information Security Manager

Individuals in the information security manager career path involves in overseeing and controlling all aspects of computer security. The IT security manager job description includes planning and carrying out security measures to protect the business data and information from corruption, theft, unauthorised access, and deliberate attack 

ITSM Manager

Automation test engineer.

An Automation Test Engineer job involves executing automated test scripts. He or she identifies the project’s problems and troubleshoots them. The role involves documenting the defect using management tools. He or she works with the application team in order to resolve any issues arising during the testing process. 

Applications for Admissions are open.

SAT® | CollegeBoard

Registeration closing on 19th Apr for SAT® | One Test-Many Universities | 90% discount on registrations fee | Free Practice | Multiple Attempts | no penalty for guessing

TOEFL ® Registrations 2024

Thinking of Studying Abroad? Think the TOEFL® test. Register now & Save 10% on English Proficiency Tests with Gift Cards

GRE ® Registrations 2024

Apply for GRE® Test now & save 10% with gift card | World's most used Admission Test for Graduate & Professional Schools

PTE Exam 2024 Registrations

Register now for PTE & Save 5% on English Proficiency Tests with Gift Cards

GMAT™ Exam-Focus Edition

Register for GMAT™ Exam- Focus Edition| Shortest GMAT ever | Valid for 5 Years | Multiple attempts | Wide Acceptance

Explore Universities, Courses & Subjects | Work while study

Everything about Education

Latest updates, Exclusive Content, Webinars and more.

Explore on Careers360

• Explore Top Study Abroad Exams
• Study Destinations and Visa
• TOEFL Syllabus
• TOEFL Exam Pattern
• TOEFL Eligibility
• TOEFL Registration
• TOEFL Result
• LSAT Eligibility
• LSAT Scores
• LSAT Test Dates
• LSAT Test Centres
• LSAT Eligibility Criteria
• LSAT Sample Papers
• LSAT Exam Pattern
• LSAT Preparation Tips
• LSAT Syllabus
• LSAT Selection Process
• IELTS Application Form
• IELTS Cut Off
• IELTS Eligibility Criteria
• IELTS Preparation Books And Study Materials
• IELTS Preparation Tips
• IELTS Sample Paper
• IELTS Selection Procedure
• IELTS Syllabus
• IELTS Test Dates
• IELTS Test Pattern
• GRE Test Syllabus
• GRE Sample Paper
• GRE Eligibility Criteria
• GRE Registration
• GRE Test Pattern
• GRE Test Dates
• GRE Test Centres
• GRE Preparation Tips
• GRE Selection Procedure
• SAT Preparation Tips
• SAT Syllabus
• SAT Test Centres
• SAT Exam Pattern
• SAT Test Eligibility
• SAT Registration
• SAT Exam Dates
• SAT Sample Papers
• USMLE Exam Dates
• USMLE Test Centres
• USMLE Scores
• USMLE Application Form
• USMLE Eligibility Criteria
• ACT Test Dates
• ACT Registration
• ACT Eligibility Criteria
• ACT Exam Pattern
• ACT Test Centres
• MCAT Test Dates
• MCAT Exam Pattern
• MCAT Syllabus
• MCAT Registration
• MCAT Eligibility
• MCAT Scores
• GMAT Test Dates
• GMAT Exam Pattern
• GMAT Syllabus
• GMAT Registration
• GMAT Eligibility
• GMAT Scores

Popular Study Abroad Countries

• Study in Singapore
• Student Visa For Canada
• Student Visa For UK
• Student Visa For USA
• Student Visa For Australia
• Germany Student Visa
• New Zealand Student Visa
• Student Visa For Ireland

Download Careers360 App's

Regular exam updates, QnA, Predictors, College Applications & E-books now on your Mobile

Cetifications

We Appeared in

Can You Get a PhD without a Masters?

• Applying to a PhD

Yes, it’s possible to get a PhD without first having a Masters degree.

The conventional route for someone who earns a PhD is to pursue a Bachelor’s degree, followed by a Masters degree and then a PhD. However, several students opt to bypass a Master’s degree by enrolling onto a doctoral programme as soon as they complete their undergraduate degree.

Before we discuss how this can be done, it is worth mentioning the advantages and disadvantages of this route.

Advantages of Applying to a PhD without A Masters

The motivations for undertaking a PhD immediately after an undergraduate course are largely in saving money and time. This is because you will essentially eliminate a year of study. Another advantage of immediately enrolling onto a doctorate degree is project availability. If you find a project that you’re really interested in, it’s unlikely that it will still be available in a years’ time. Therefore, bypassing a Masters and enrolling directly into a PhD will increase your chances of securing the research project before it becomes unavailable.

Disadvantages of Applying to a PhD without A Masters

Although a Masters degree will add a year onto your academic journey, it can be incredibility helpful for your development and can help prepare you for a doctoral degree.

Not having a Master’s degree may prove to be a hindrance during your application process. This is because many other students will also apply to the same research projects, and it’s likely that the majority will hold a Masters. This will put you at a disadvantage to them.

Besides this, the dissertation project you’ll be required to undertake on a Master’s programme will provide you with a taste of what it is like to work on a research-based project. In addition to this, it’s likely that you’ll be able to select your own dissertation topic. As such, you can explore a specific field you’re interested in in further detail. This is a great way to confirm that both research-based work and the specific field you’re interested in are right for you before committing the next few years to it via a PhD.

Another advantage to the dissertation project associated with a Masters degree is the opportunity it provides you with to work closely with a project supervisor. This will help you understand the PhD student-supervisor relationship and communication frequency that works best for you. You can then use this knowledge to find supervisors who would compliment you when it comes time to find a PhD project to apply to. For tips on how to find a great PhD supervisor, check out our supervisor guide .

PhD without a Masters – How Does It Work?

To be considered for a PhD without a Master’s, at a minimum you will be expected to have a Bachelors degree. For students looking to enrol onto a STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering and Maths) PhD, a relevant Bachelors in a 3-year undergraduate course is usually expected. However, this is not the case for students looking to apply to non-STEM PhDs. Rather, students looking to apply to doctorates in subjects such as those surrounding Arts and Humanities are usually expected to have a relevant Bachelors from a 4-year course.

In addition to this, you will need to have demonstrated strong academic performance during your undergraduate course. This means that your Bachelors will need to be at least a UK Upper Second-Class Honours (2.1) for nearly all institutions to consider you.

Should you be accepted into a PhD programme without a Masters, the usual process will be to first register you as an MPhil student. You will then have a year to prepare and submit a thesis. Your thesis will need to detail the research you have carried out within that year and outline how you intend to continue it into a full PhD study. There are three outcomes of this MPhil thesis review:

• Failure and you’re not awarded anything.
• You pass, however, the supervisor doesn’t believe you’ve demonstrated strong research skills. You’re awarded an MPhil but they do not upgrade your course to a PhD programme.
• You pass and the supervisor believes you have proven yourself as a capable researcher. Your course is upgraded to a PhD as opposed to you being awarding an MPhil.

For more information on these outcomes, read the outcomes section of our PhD Viva guide .

Integrated PhD

Some universities offer Integrated PhD degree programmes (also known as an Integrated Masters degree). These are four-year programmes comprising of a one-year Masters degree immediately followed by a three-year PhD degree. These can prove a great option for graduate students who are looking to undertake a PhD without a Masters but are struggling to meet the eligibility requirements. You can read about the many benefits of  integrated degrees here .

Finding a PhD has never been this easy – search for a PhD by keyword, location or academic area of interest.

PhD without a Bachelors – Is It Possible?

Yes, it is possible to get a PhD without a Bachelor’s, however, this is extremely uncommon.

When this occurs, it is almost always reserved for very mature individuals. For example, an individual may not be in active academia but still may have significantly contributed to their field. This contribution could be through the work they have undertaken as part of their career, or as part of a long-term study project, they have undertaken out of self-interest.

In either case, the individual would need to prove that they have extensive experience in their field and have directly contributed to new knowledge within it. The key factor here is that their work has pushed the boundaries of existing knowledge. It is not enough for an individual to be regarded as an expert in their field – they must have contributed something new and meaningful. It’s common for individuals awarded a PhD through this means to have produced several publications within their lifetime. It’s also common for the individual to have gained several professional accreditations within their field before even being considered suitable for a PhD research degree.

Universities Offering PhD without a Masters

Unfortunately, there is not a centralised list of universities which offer PhDs without a Master’s degree. The reason for this is that the edibility requirements differ from PhD to PhD and from department to department.

Therefore, you will need to check the guidelines for each individual university and the requirements for each specific PhD you’re interested in.

Should you find a PhD programme you can apply to with a Bachelors, make every effort to make your application as strong as possible. This is because you will be competing against other candidates, most of who will have a Master’s degree.

Not only can you strengthen your application by having a Bachelors with a First-Class Honours (1st), but you can also do so by showing the traits of a successful researcher. This includes showing a genuine interest in the project, a high work ethic, and exceptional communication skills.

Additionally, a strong letter of recommendation from a respected university lecturer will prove very beneficial. This is especially true if the lecturer supervisors his or her own PhD students. This is because the lecturer will understand the skills required for an adept research student.

For more advice on how to apply to a PhD degree, check out our Application Process Guide.

Browse PhDs Now

Join thousands of students.

Join thousands of other students and stay up to date with the latest PhD programmes, funding opportunities and advice.

Research Voyage

Research Tips and Infromation

Can I Do PhD Without a Supervisor?

In the realm of academic pursuits, the journey to attain a Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) degree is often regarded as a structured and rigorous endeavour. Central to this pursuit is the role of the PhD supervisor or guide, a seasoned mentor who provides invaluable direction, support, and oversight throughout the research journey. However, the landscape of higher education is evolving, and alternative pathways to earning a PhD have begun to emerge. These unconventional paths challenge the traditional model of close supervision, offering individuals the opportunity to chart their own course of research and discovery.

In this exploration, we delve into the intriguing realm of pursuing a PhD without the confines of a traditional supervisor. We uncover the various avenues that brave researchers may tread, and we navigate the advantages and challenges inherent in such unconventional approaches. From self-directed endeavours to interdisciplinary collaborations, from practice-based creative research to online learning, these paths offer a glimpse into a more autonomous and unique PhD experience.

While these unconventional approaches hold promise, they also present novel considerations that demand careful contemplation. This journey requires introspection and thorough evaluation of one’s own research expertise, the compatibility of the chosen approach with the research topic, and the standards of the field. Moreover, the credibility and recognition of the chosen program should be at the forefront of every decision.

Embarking on an unconventional PhD path demands meticulous planning and a strong commitment to self-discipline. While the conventional supervisor may be absent, the need for guidance and feedback remains. Therefore, building a network of collaborators, mentors, and advisors becomes imperative for success.

As we embark on this exploration of doctoral pursuits without traditional supervision, it is vital to remember that each academic journey is unique. While the traditional model offers structure and support, these emerging pathways embrace the spirit of innovation and autonomy. Join us as we unravel the intricacies, advantages, and potential pitfalls of pursuing a PhD through unconventional avenues, guiding you through the uncharted waters of doctoral research.

PhD Supervisors and Their Role

Brief overview of the traditional phd process, can i do phd independently: unconventional phd paths, a. advantages of pursuing a phd without a traditional supervisor, b. challenges associated with unconventional paths, a. self-assessment of research expertise and autonomy, b. research topic alignment with chosen approach, c. research field and standards, d. program recognition and accreditation, e. interaction with advisory committees or mentors, a. thoroughly research and vet institutions/programs, b. seek advice from academic mentors and professionals, c. create a clear research plan and timeline, d. establish a network for collaboration and feedback, e. regularly assess progress and adjust as needed.

• Before We Close........

Introduction

A PhD supervisor, also referred to as a doctoral advisor or guide, plays a pivotal role in the pursuit of a PhD degree. This individual is an experienced researcher and scholar who provides comprehensive guidance, mentorship, and oversight to the doctoral candidate throughout the research journey. The supervisor’s role extends beyond mere academic instruction; they offer valuable insights into research methodology, assist in formulating research questions, guide literature reviews, help design experiments, offer constructive feedback on drafts, and aid in navigating the intricacies of the academic landscape. Essentially, a PhD supervisor acts as a compass, steering the candidate towards the successful completion of their research goals.

Example: Dr Emily Hughes, a renowned physicist at Prestige University, exemplifies the role of a PhD supervisor. She mentors her students not only in the theoretical aspects of their research but also encourages them to attend international conferences and collaborate with experts from other institutions. Her guidance not only shapes the student’s academic progress but also nurtures their growth as well-rounded researchers.

The traditional PhD process is characterized by a structured and hierarchical model of supervision. Typically, a doctoral candidate identifies a research area of interest and seeks out a suitable supervisor within their chosen field. Once the supervisor agrees to oversee the candidate’s research, they collaboratively refine the research proposal and outline a plan for the research journey. The candidate then carries out the research, frequently meeting with the supervisor for discussions and updates. The supervisor’s expertise guides the candidate through challenges, validates research methods, and ensures that the work aligns with academic standards. Finally, the candidate submits their thesis or dissertation for evaluation, with the supervisor often playing a key role in assessing and providing feedback on the document.

Example: At Quantum Dynamics Institute, the traditional PhD process involves close collaboration between candidates and their supervisors. Dr Martin Chen, a professor of quantum physics, oversees the research of several candidates exploring the behaviour of subatomic particles. Through regular meetings and discussions, Dr Chen guides the candidates in selecting appropriate research methodologies, analyzing complex data, and refining their hypotheses. This structured process ensures that candidates receive expert guidance while making significant contributions to the field.

In the following sections, we will explore unconventional paths that challenge the traditional PhD model, offering candidates the potential for greater autonomy and exploration in their research endeavours.

A. Unconventional Approaches

• Self-directed PhDs : In this approach, candidates take on a significant degree of autonomy, acting as their own guide throughout the research journey. While there might be advisory committees or mentors, the candidate largely drives the research process, from topic selection to methodology and analysis. Example: Dr. Maria Thompson embarked on a self-directed PhD in environmental policy. With her extensive background in sustainable development, she independently designed a research project to analyze the impact of renewable energy policies in developing countries. She navigated the research landscape, identified relevant data sources, and formulated her findings, showcasing the potential of self-directed research.
• Interdisciplinary Committee : Instead of a single supervisor, candidates work with a committee of advisors from different disciplines. This allows candidates to benefit from diverse perspectives and expertise, particularly when their research topic spans multiple fields. Example: At the Institute for Innovation Studies, candidates pursuing research at the intersection of technology and sociology have an interdisciplinary committee comprising experts from both fields. This unique approach ensures a well-rounded evaluation of the research, enriching its depth and breadth.
• External Collaborations : Candidates collaborate closely with professionals from external organizations, such as industry or research institutes. These collaborations can provide candidates with real-world insights and resources beyond what a traditional academic supervisor might offer. Example: The Partnership for Space Exploration sponsors candidates in their PhD programs, with research topics related to space technology. The candidates work closely with engineers, scientists, and researchers from space agencies, ensuring the practical relevance of their research.
• Online/Distance Programs : Some PhD programs are conducted entirely online, allowing candidates to work remotely while pursuing their research. These programs often incorporate virtual discussions and online platforms to facilitate interaction with peers and mentors. Example: The Global Health Research Institute offers an online PhD program in public health. Candidates from different corners of the world collaborate on projects and engage with professors through virtual seminars, illustrating the potential of technology to bridge geographical distances.
• Practice-based Research : In creative fields like arts, design, and music, candidates may engage in practice-based research. This approach emphasizes the creation of artistic works or designs as part of the research process, with academic analysis and reflection supporting the creative endeavour. Example: At the School of Visual Arts, candidates pursuing practice-based PhDs in photography explore innovative techniques while critically evaluating their impact on storytelling. Their research contributions include both artistic portfolios and scholarly theses.

B. Examples of Institutions/Programs Offering Unconventional Paths

• European Graduate School (EGS) : EGS is renowned for its unconventional educational approach , encouraging self-directed and interdisciplinary research. Candidates at EGS often work closely with a personalized advisory committee rather than a traditional supervisor.
• Open University of Catalonia (UOC) : UOC offers online and distance education programs , providing candidates with the flexibility to engage in research while balancing other commitments. The virtual nature of the program encourages candidates to collaborate with professionals in their respective fields.
• Practice-based PhDs in Creative Fields : Institutions such as the Royal College of Art and the Berklee College of Music offer practice-based PhD programs, allowing candidates to engage in creative projects while integrating academic research.

These examples illustrate how diverse institutions are embracing unconventional approaches to PhD research, challenging traditional norms and fostering innovation in doctoral education.

Advantages and Challenges

• Increased Autonomy : Unconventional PhD paths offer candidates a greater degree of autonomy over their research journey. Candidates are responsible for setting research goals, making decisions about methodologies, and managing their time effectively. Example: Jane Davis pursued a self-directed PhD in cultural anthropology, allowing her to shape her research trajectory. She was able to explore subtopics and methods of her interest, adapting her approach based on real-time discoveries during her fieldwork.
• Unique Research Opportunities : Unconventional paths can lead to novel research opportunities that might not align with traditional academic trajectories. Candidates can pursue topics that are on the cutting edge or explore emerging interdisciplinary areas. Example: John Martinez engaged in external collaboration with a pharmaceutical company, examining the environmental impact of a new drug manufacturing process. This partnership provided him access to industry data and resources, enhancing the real-world relevance of his research.
• Flexibility in Research Direction : Without a strict supervisor guiding the research, candidates can pivot their research directions based on emerging trends, unexpected findings, or personal interests, allowing for a more dynamic research process. Example: Sarah Patel started her practice-based PhD in music composition. As she experimented with new digital instruments, her research direction evolved to focus on the intersection of artificial intelligence and music, a direction she could pursue due to the flexibility of her program.
• Lack of Structured Guidance : One of the primary challenges of pursuing a PhD without a traditional supervisor is the potential lack of structured guidance. Candidates might struggle to set clear milestones, develop effective methodologies, and receive regular feedback on their progress. Example: Michael Johnson, pursuing a PhD in experimental psychology through an online program, found himself struggling to maintain a consistent research focus without regular in-person meetings with an advisor.
• Academic Rigor and Credibility Concerns : The absence of a traditional supervisor might raise concerns about the rigour and credibility of the research. A strong academic foundation and adherence to disciplinary standards become crucial to ensure the research maintains its integrity. Example: Julia Carter faced scepticism during her self-directed PhD in economics. To address credibility concerns, she conducted extensive literature reviews, attended conferences to present her findings, and sought feedback from experts in her field.
• Limited Networking Opportunities : Traditional supervisors often provide candidates with networking opportunities, introducing them to other researchers, collaborators, and potential employers. Pursuing an unconventional path might result in fewer networking avenues. Example: David Lee, enrolled in an interdisciplinary committee-based PhD program, found that he had to be proactive in seeking networking opportunities with experts from different fields, as he didn’t have a single supervisor connecting him to the academic community.

These advantages and challenges highlight the multifaceted nature of pursuing a PhD without a traditional supervisor. While autonomy and uniqueness can be invigorating, candidates must also address the potential hurdles that arise due to the lack of structured guidance and networking opportunities.

Considerations Before Choosing an Unconventional Path

Before embarking on an unconventional PhD path, candidates must evaluate their own research expertise and autonomy. An in-depth understanding of the research process, methodologies, and scholarly writing is essential for successful self-directed or collaborative research.

Example: Melissa Rogers, an experienced archaeologist, chose an unconventional PhD path that involved external collaborations with indigenous communities. Her robust background in fieldwork and cultural sensitivity enabled her to navigate complex community dynamics and effectively contribute to the research.

The chosen unconventional approach should align with the research topic and goals. Candidates should critically assess whether their research lends itself well to the selected path, such as interdisciplinary committees or practice-based exploration.

Example: Ethan Mitchell’s research on climate change and urban planning led him to pursue an interdisciplinary committee-based PhD. By collaborating with experts in environmental science, urban design, and policy, Ethan could address the multifaceted nature of his research topic.

Candidates must consider the norms and standards of their research field when opting for an unconventional path. They should ensure that the chosen approach doesn’t compromise the academic rigour and integrity expected in their discipline.

Example: Rebecca Thompson’s pursuit of an unconventional practice-based PhD in dance required her to intertwine artistic expression with rigorous scholarly analysis. By adhering to the standards of both the dance and academic communities, she successfully navigated this hybrid path.

Thoroughly researching the recognition and accreditation of the chosen institution or program is paramount. Candidates should verify that the program holds credible academic standing and that their degree will be widely recognized in their field.

Example: Eric Peterson’s online PhD program in artificial intelligence was accredited by a reputable accrediting body, ensuring that his degree would be respected by employers and academic institutions alike.

For paths involving committees or mentors, candidates should assess the quality and accessibility of interaction with these advisors. Adequate communication channels are crucial to receiving feedback, addressing challenges, and maintaining a sense of guidance.

Example: Maria Sanchez engaged in a practice-based PhD in visual arts with a committee of experts. Regular virtual meetings allowed her to receive feedback on her creative work and theoretical analyses, ensuring a comprehensive research experience.

By thoroughly considering these factors, candidates can make informed decisions about pursuing unconventional PhD paths that align with their strengths, goals, and research aspirations. Each consideration contributes to the foundation of a successful and meaningful doctoral journey.

Steps to Navigate an Unconventional PhD Path

Start by thoroughly researching institutions and programs that offer unconventional PhD paths. Investigate their reputation, faculty expertise, success stories of previous candidates, and accreditation status to ensure the credibility and quality of the program.

Example: Sarah Johnson spent several months researching online PhD programs in educational technology. She compared course offerings, faculty profiles, and student testimonials before selecting a program that aligned with her research goals.

Before committing to an unconventional path, seek advice from experienced academic mentors and professionals in your field. Their insights can help you assess whether the chosen approach is suitable for your research aspirations and provide valuable guidance.

Example: David Carter consulted his former professors and colleagues when considering an interdisciplinary committee-based PhD. Their feedback helped him weigh the pros and cons of this approach based on his research topic and career aspirations.

Develop a comprehensive research plan that outlines your research objectives, methodologies, milestones, and expected outcomes. Establishing a clear timeline helps you stay organized and ensures steady progress throughout your PhD journey.

Example: Maria Hernandez devised a detailed research plan for her self-directed PhD in environmental policy. Her plan included data collection phases, analysis milestones, and scheduled breaks to maintain a healthy work-life balance.

Build a network of collaborators, mentors, and peers who can provide valuable feedback and support. Engage in regular discussions and knowledge-sharing to enhance the quality of your research and address challenges.

Example: Daniel Lee joined an online PhD program in economics and actively participated in virtual forums and research groups. Through these interactions, he formed connections with fellow candidates and professors who provided diverse perspectives on his research.

Continuously assess your progress against your research plan and adjust as necessary. Regularly reflect on your accomplishments, challenges, and areas for improvement to ensure that you remain on track toward your research goals.

Example: Nicole Adams conducted quarterly self-assessments of her practice-based PhD in music composition. She reflected on her artistic growth, research insights, and feedback received, allowing her to fine-tune her research direction and methodologies.

By following these steps, candidates can navigate the complexities of unconventional PhD paths with purpose and diligence. A well-structured approach, informed decision-making, and a supportive network contribute to a rewarding and successful doctoral journey.

Before We Close……..

I have written several articles related to PhD. You can visit them Here. These articles will guide you in the smooth completion of your PhD.

An unconventional PhD demands quality publications and presentations. I have written articles related to Research Journals and Research Conferences. Please visit them

• Research Conferences
• Research Journals

You can also apply for research grants as Independent Researcher. Please visit my article on

• “Research Grants for Independent Researchers”

Unlock Exclusive Access to the PhD Navigator Tool – for a Streamlined Research Experience for FREE!

Dear fellow researchers,

If you are a PhD research scholar or planning to pursue PhD, I understand the value of time in your PhD journey. That’s why I have organized my blog posts related to PhD meticulously, categorizing more than 100 articles into various stages of PhD (from planning of PhD to careers after PhD).

You can get this tool ABSOLUTELY FREE , by sending an email to [email protected] with the subject line “Subscribe: PhD Navigator Tool-1.0” By subscribing not only will you gain free access to this invaluable tool, but you’ll also receive regular updates on this tool and our blog’s latest insights, tips, and resources tailored for researchers.

Happy researching!

Best regards,

Dr Vijay Rajpurohit

In the ever-evolving landscape of academia, the pursuit of a PhD has embarked on new horizons, challenging conventional norms and embracing innovative pathways. As we have journeyed through the realm of pursuing a PhD without a traditional supervisor, we have unearthed a realm of possibilities that empower researchers to chart their own intellectual odyssey. From self-directed exploration to interdisciplinary collaboration, from practice-based creativity to virtual connections, the unconventional paths that beckon offer a unique blend of autonomy, creativity, and real-world relevance.

However, as with any uncharted territory, these pathways come with their own set of considerations and complexities. The advantages of increased autonomy, access to unique research vistas, and the freedom to redefine research directions are coupled with challenges such as the need for self-guidance, maintaining academic rigor, and navigating a potential networking vacuum. It is the harmony of these advantages and challenges that adds depth to the pursuit of knowledge and innovation.

Upcoming Events

• Visit the Upcoming International Conferences at Exotic Travel Destinations with Travel Plan
• Visit for  Research Internships Worldwide

Recent Posts

• 04 Reasons for Outsourcing Academic Conference Management
• How to Put Research Grants on Your CV ?
• How to Request for Journal Publishing Charge (APC) Discount or Waiver?
• Do Review Papers Count for the Award of a PhD Degree?
• Vinay Kabadi, University of Melbourne, Interview on Award-Winning Research
• All Blog Posts
• Research Career
• Research Conference
• Research Internship
• Research Journal
• Research Tools
• Uncategorized
• Research Grants
• Internships
• Research Internships
• Email Templates
• Conferences
• Blog Partners
• Privacy Policy

Copyright © 2024 Research Voyage

Design by ThemesDNA.com

Thank you for visiting nature.com. You are using a browser version with limited support for CSS. To obtain the best experience, we recommend you use a more up to date browser (or turn off compatibility mode in Internet Explorer). In the meantime, to ensure continued support, we are displaying the site without styles and JavaScript.

• View all journals
• Explore content
• About the journal
• Publish with us
• Sign up for alerts
• CORRESPONDENCE
• 02 April 2024

How can we make PhD training fit for the modern world? Broaden its philosophical foundations

• Ganesh Alagarasan 0

Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Tirupati, India.

You can also search for this author in PubMed   Google Scholar

You have highlighted how PhD training assessment has stagnated, despite evolving educational methodologies (see Nature 613 , 414 (2023) and Nature 627 , 244; 2024 ). In particular, you note the mismatch between the current PhD journey and the multifaceted demands of modern research and societal challenges.

Access options

Access Nature and 54 other Nature Portfolio journals

Get Nature+, our best-value online-access subscription

24,99 € / 30 days

cancel any time

Subscribe to this journal

Receive 51 print issues and online access

185,98 € per year

only 3,65 € per issue

Rent or buy this article

Prices vary by article type

Prices may be subject to local taxes which are calculated during checkout

Nature 628 , 36 (2024)

doi: https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-024-00969-x

Competing Interests

The author declares no competing interests.

Related Articles

See more letters to the editor

• Research management
• Scientific community

Ready or not, AI is coming to science education — and students have opinions

Career Feature 08 APR 24

After the genocide: what scientists are learning from Rwanda

News Feature 05 APR 24

The neuroscientist formerly known as Prince’s audio engineer

Career Feature 14 MAR 24

Brazil’s postgraduate funding model is about rectifying past inequalities

Correspondence 09 APR 24

Declining postdoc numbers threaten the future of US life science

How we landed job interviews for professorships straight out of our PhD programmes

Career Column 08 APR 24

How two PhD students overcame the odds to snag tenure-track jobs

Adopt universal standards for study adaptation to boost health, education and social-science research

Correspondence 02 APR 24

PhD, Postdoc and Technician positions in the Cluster of Excellence "MicroPlanet"

PhD, Postdoc and Technician positions in interdisciplinary microbiome project

Austria (AT) - Vienna, and Lower Austria

University of Vienna - Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science

Assistant Professor in Integrated Photonics

We offer you the chance to design a unique and autonomous research program, networking with specialists, students and entrepreneurs.

Gothenburg (Stad), Västra Götaland (SE)

Chalmers University of Technology

Postdoctoral Fellow (Aging, Metabolic stress, Lipid sensing, Brain Injury)

Seeking a Postdoctoral Fellow to apply advanced knowledge & skills to generate insights into aging, metabolic stress, lipid sensing, & brain Injury.

Dallas, Texas (US)

UT Southwestern Medical Center - Douglas Laboratory

High-Level Talents at the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University

For clinical medicine and basic medicine; basic research of emerging inter-disciplines and medical big data.

Nanchang, Jiangxi, China

The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University

POSTDOCTORAL Fellow -- DEPARTMENT OF Surgery – BIDMC, Harvard Medical School

The Division of Urologic Surgery in the Department of Surgery at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School invites applicatio...

Boston, Massachusetts (US)

Sign up for the Nature Briefing newsletter — what matters in science, free to your inbox daily.

Quick links

• Explore articles by subject
• Guide to authors
• Editorial policies

Featured Topics

Featured series.

A series of random questions answered by Harvard experts.

Explore the Gazette

Read the latest.

Herbert Chanoch Kelman, 94

Everett irwin mendelsohn, 91.

Anticipate, accommodate, empower

Exploring generative ai at harvard.

Jessica McCann

Harvard Correspondent

Leaders weigh in on where we are and what’s next

The explosion of generative AI technology over the past year and a half is raising big questions about how these tools will impact higher education. Across Harvard, members of the community have been exploring how GenAI will change the ways we teach, learn, research, and work.

As part of this effort, the Office of the Provost has convened three working groups . They will discuss questions, share innovations, and evolve guidance and community resources. They are:

• The Teaching and Learning Group , chaired by Bharat Anand , vice provost for advances in learning and the Henry R. Byers Professor of Business Administration at Harvard Business School. This group seeks to share resources, identify emerging best practices, guide policies, and support the development of tools to address common challenges among faculty and students.
• The Research and Scholarship Group , chaired by John Shaw , vice provost for research, Harry C. Dudley Professor of Structural and Economic Geology in the Earth and Planetary Sciences Department, and professor of environmental science and engineering in the Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Science. It focuses on how to enable, and support the integrity of, scholarly activities with generative AI tools.
• T he Administration and Operations Group , chaired by Klara Jelinkova , vice president and University chief information officer. It is charged with addressing information security, data privacy, procurement, and administration and organizational efficiencies.

Klara Jelinkova, Bharat Anand, and John Shaw.

Photos by Kris Snibbe/Harvard Staff Photographer; Evgenia Eliseeva; and courtesy of John Shaw

The Gazette spoke with Anand, Shaw, and Jelinkova to understand more about the work of these groups and what’s next in generative AI at Harvard.

When generative AI tools first emerged, we saw universities respond in a variety of ways — from encouraging experimentation to prohibiting their use. What was Harvard’s overall approach?

Shaw: From the outset, Harvard has embraced the prospective benefits that GenAI offers to teaching, research, and administration across the University, while being mindful of the potential pitfalls. As a University, our mission is to help enable discovery and innovation, so we had a mandate to actively engage. We set some initial, broad policies that helped guide us, and have worked directly with groups across the institution to provide tools and resources to inspire exploration.

Jelinkova: The rapid emergence of these tools meant the University needed to react quickly, to provide both tools for innovation and experimentation and guidelines to ensure their responsible use. We rapidly built an AI Sandbox to enable faculty, students, and staff to experiment with multiple large language models in a secure environment. We also worked with external vendors to acquire enterprise licenses for a variety of tools to meet many different use cases. Through working groups, we were able to learn, aggregate and collate use cases for AI in teaching, learning, administration, and research. This coordinated, collective, and strategic approach has put Harvard ahead of many peers in higher education.

Anand: Teaching and learning are fundamentally decentralized activities. So our approach was to ask: First, how can we ensure that local experimentation by faculty and staff is enabled as much as possible; and second, how can we ensure that it’s consistent with University policies on IP, copyright, and security? We also wanted to ensure that novel emerging practices were shared across Schools, rather than remaining siloed.

What do these tools mean for faculty, in terms of the challenges they pose or the opportunities they offer? Is there anything you’re particularly excited about?

Anand: Let’s start with some salient challenges. How do we first sift through the hype that’s accompanied GenAI? How can we make it easy for faculty to use GenAI tools in their classrooms without overburdening them with yet another technology? How can one address real concerns about GenAI’s impact?

While we’re still early in this journey, many compelling opportunities — and more importantly, some systematic ways of thinking about them — are emerging. Various Harvard faculty have leaned into experimenting with LLMs in their classrooms. Our team has now interviewed over 30 colleagues across Harvard and curated short videos that capture their learnings. I encourage everyone to view these materials on the new GenAI site; they are remarkable in their depth and breadth of insight.

Here’s a sample: While LLMs are commonly used for Q&A, our faculty have creatively used them for a broader variety of tasks, such as simulating tutors that guide learning by asking questions, simulating instructional designers to provide active learning tips, and simulating student voices to predict how a class discussion might flow, thus aiding in lesson preparation. Others demonstrate how more sophisticated prompts or “prompt engineering” are often necessary to yield more sophisticated LLM responses, and how LLMs can extend well beyond text-based responses to visuals, simulations, coding, and games. And several faculty show how LLMs can help overcome subtle yet important learning frictions like skill gaps in coding, language literacy, or math.

Do these tools offer students an opportunity to support or expand upon their learning?

Anand: Yes. GenAI represents a unique area of innovation where students and faculty are working together. Many colleagues are incorporating student feedback into the GenAI portions of their curriculum or making their own GenAI tools available to students. Since GenAI is new, the pedagogical path is not yet well defined; students have an opportunity to make their voices heard, as co-creators, on what they think the future of their learning should look like.

Beyond this, we’re starting to see other learning benefits. Importantly, GenAI can reach beyond a lecture hall. Thoughtful prompt engineering can turn even publicly available GenAI tools into tutorbots that generate interactive practice problems, act as expert conversational aids for material review, or increase TA teams’ capacity. That means both that the classroom is expanding and that more of it is in students’ hands. There’s also evidence that these bots field more questions than teaching teams can normally address and can be more comfortable and accessible for some students.

Of course, we need to identify and counter harmful patterns. There is a risk, in this early and enthusiastic period, of sparking over-reliance on GenAI. Students must critically evaluate how and where they use it, given its possibility of inaccurate or inappropriate responses, and should heed the areas where their style of cognition outperforms AI. One other thing to watch out for is user divide: Some students will graduate with vastly better prompt engineering skills than others, an inequality that will only magnify in the workforce.

What are the main questions your group has been tackling?

Anand: Our group divided its work into three subgroups focused on policy, tools, and resources. We’ve helped guide initial policies to ensure safe and responsible use; begun curating resources for faculty in a One Harvard repository ; and are exploring which tools the University should invest in or develop to ensure that educators and researchers can continue to advance their work.

In the fall, we focused on supporting and guiding HUIT’s development of the AI Sandbox. The Harvard Initiative for Learning and Teaching’s annual conference , which focused exclusively on GenAI, had its highest participation in 10 years. Recently, we’ve been working with the research group to inform the development of tools that promise broad, generalizable use for faculty (e.g., tutorbots).

What has your group focused on in discussions so far about generative AI tools’ use in research?

Shaw: Our group has some incredible strength in researchers who are at the cutting edge of GenAI development and applications, but also includes voices that help us understand the real barriers to faculty and students starting to use these tools in their own research and scholarship. Working with the other teams, we have focused on supporting development and use of the GenAI sandbox, examining IP and security issues, and learning from different groups across campus how they are using these tools to innovate.

Are there key areas of focus for your group in the coming months?

Shaw: We are focused on establishing programs — such as the new GenAI Milton Fund track — to help support innovation in the application of these tools across the wide range of scholarship on our campus. We are also working with the College to develop new programs to help support students who wish to engage with faculty on GenAI-enabled projects. We aim to find ways to convene students and scholars to share their experiences and build a stronger community of practitioners across campus.

What types of administration and operations questions are your group is exploring, and what type of opportunities do you see in this space?

Jelinkova: By using the group to share learnings from across Schools and units, we can better provide technologies to meet the community’s needs while ensuring the most responsible and sustainable use of the University’s financial resources. The connections within this group also inform the guidelines that we provide; by learning how generative AI is being used in different contexts, we can develop best practices and stay alert to emerging risks. There are new tools becoming available almost every day, and many exciting experiments and pilots happening across Harvard, so it’s important to regularly review and update the guidance we provide to our community.

Can you talk a bit about what has come out of these discussions, or other exciting things to come?

Jelinkova: Because this technology is rapidly evolving, we are continually tracking the release of new tools and working with our vendors as well as open-source efforts to ensure we are best supporting the University’s needs. We’re developing more guidance and hosting information sessions on helping people to understand the AI landscape and how to choose the right tool for their task. Beyond tools, we’re also working to build connections across Harvard to support collaboration, including a recently launched AI community of practice . We are capturing valuable findings from emerging technology pilot programs in HUIT , the EVP area , and across Schools. And we are now thinking about how those findings can inform guiding principles and best practices to better support staff.

While the GenAI groups are investigating these questions, Harvard faculty and scholars are also on the forefront of research in this space. Can you talk a bit about some of the interesting research happening across the University in AI more broadly ?

Shaw: Harvard has made deep investments in the development and application of AI across our campus, in our Schools, initiatives, and institutes — such as the Kempner Institute and Harvard Data Science Initiative. In addition, there is a critical role for us to play in examining and guiding the ethics of AI applications — and our strengths in the Safra and Berkman Klein centers, as examples, can be leading voices in this area.

What would be your advice for members of our community who are interested in learning more about generative AI tools?

Anand: I’d encourage our community to view the resources available on the new Generative AI @ Harvard website , to better understand how GenAI tools might benefit you.

There’s also no substitute for experimentation with these tools to learn what works, what does not, and how to tailor them for maximal benefit for your particular needs. And of course, please know and respect University policies around copyright and security.

We’re in the early stages of this journey at Harvard, but it’s exciting.

Share this article

You might like.

Memorial Minute — Faculty of Arts and Sciences

How to ensure students with disabilities have an equal chance to succeed?

Yes, it’s exciting. Just don’t look at the sun.

Lab, telescope specialist details Harvard eclipse-viewing party, offers safety tips

Forget ‘doomers.’ Warming can be stopped, top climate scientist says

Michael Mann points to prehistoric catastrophes, modern environmental victories

Navigating Harvard with a non-apparent disability

4 students with conditions ranging from diabetes to narcolepsy describe daily challenges that may not be obvious to their classmates and professors