assignment budget promotion money and penalty influence

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Chp 9 Flashcards

Extrinsic motivation causes people to participate in an activity for their own enjoyment.

for Reward/Penalty

Maslow’s hierarchy of needs states that people’s behaviors are guided or motivated by a sequence of needs.

Maslow suggests that each level of the hierarchy of needs is not necessarily a prerequisite for the levels above.

it is a prerequisite

According to Herzberg, hygiene factors such as larger salaries, more supervision, or a more attractive work environment would motivate workers to do more if present.

Motivators not hygiene

People who need institutional power or social power want to organize others to further the goals of the organization.

Managers who believe in Theory Y assume that workers dislike and avoid work if possible, so managers must use coercion, threats, and various control schemes to get workers to make adequate efforts to meet objectives.

People who believe in Theory X

Assignment, budget, promotion, money, and penalty influence bases are automatically available to project managers as part of their position.

Not Automatically

Thamhain and Wilemon found that when project managers used work challenge and expertise to influence people, projects were more likely to succeed.

Legitimate power involves using personal knowledge and expertise to get people to change their behavior.

getting people to do things based on authority/position

According to Covey, project managers must use a win/lose approach in making decisions

dont have to

A responsibility assignment matrix (RAM) is a matrix that maps the work of the project as described in the OBS to the people responsible for performing the work as described in the WBS.

described in WBS

A RAM is used only to assign detailed work activities.

not only thing it can do

A staffing management plan describes when and how people will be added to and taken off the project team.

Resource leveling results in fewer problems for project personnel and accounting departments.

In the Tuckman model, storming occurs when team members have different opinions for how the team should operate.

The first dimension of psychological type in the MBTI signifies whether people draw their energy from other people (extroverts) or from inside themselves (introverts).

In the Social Styles Profile team building activity, drivers are reactive and people-oriented.

proactive and task-oriented

The forcing mode is one in which the project manager deemphasizes or avoids areas of differences and emphasizes areas of agreement.

smoothing mode

Project managers must try to avoid conflict at all costs as all conflict within groups is bad.

not all conflict is bad

Microsoft Project 2010 does not lend itself to project human resource management.

_____ involves assigning the needed personnel to work on the project.

Acquiring the project team

Key outputs of _____ process are project staff assignments, resource calendars, and project management plan updates.

acquiring the project team

_____ involves building individual and group skills to enhance project performance.

Developing the project team

The main outputs of the _____ process are team performance assessments and enterprise environmental factors updates.

developing the project team

_____ involves tracking team member performance, motivating team members, providing timely feedback, resolving issues and conflicts, and coordinating changes to help enhance project performance.q

Managing the project team

The acquiring of the project team is a subprocess associated with the _____ process of project human resource management.

_____ a highly respected psychologist, rejected the dehumanizing negativism of psychology and proposed the hierarchy of needs theory.

Abraham Maslow

At the bottom of Maslow’s structure are _____ needs.

physiological

_____ is at the top of Maslow’s hierarchy of needs.

Self-actualization

Recognizing an employee as the “Star Performer of the Month” would be satisfying the _____ need of the Maslow’s hierarchy of needs

The bottom four needs in Maslow’s structure are referred to as _____ needs

The highest level of needs in Maslow’s structure is referred to as a _____ need.

_____ is best known for distinguishing between motivational factors and hygiene factors when considering motivation in work settings.

Frederick Herzberg

According to Herzberg, which of the following is a motivational factor?

Recognition

People with a high need for _____ seek to excel and tend to avoid both low-risk and high-risk situations to improve their chances for achieving something worthwhile.

achievement

According to McClelland’s acquired-needs theory, people with a high need for _____ desire harmonious relationships with other people and need to feel accepted by others.

affiliation

According to McClelland’s acquired-needs theory, people who need personal _____ want to direct others and can be seen as bossy.

The _____ presents subjects with a series of ambiguous pictures and asks them to develop a spontaneous story for each picture, assuming they will project their own needs into the story.

_____ is best known for developing Theory X and Theory Y.

Douglas McGregor

Managers who follow _____ assume that the average worker wants to be directed and prefers to avoid responsibility.

_____ emphasizes things such as job rotation, broadening of skills, generalization versus specialization, and the need for continuous training of workers.

According to Thamhain and Wilemon, _____ is the legitimate hierarchical right to issue orders.

According to Thamhain and Wilemon, _____ is the ability to improve a worker’s position.

_____ involves using punishment, threats, or other negative approaches to get people to do things they do not want to do.

Coercive power

_____ involves using incentives to induce people to do things.

Reward power

_____ is based on an individual’s personal charisma.

Referent power

_____ refers to matching certain behaviors of the other person.

The first step in the framework for defining and assigning work is _____.

finalizing the project requirements

A(n) _____ is a column chart that shows the number of resources assigned to a project over time.

resource histogram

_____ refers to the amount of individual resources an existing schedule requires during specific time periods.

Resource loading

_____ is a technique for resolving resource conflicts by delaying tasks.

Resource leveling

In the Tuckman model, _____ occurs as team members have different opinions as to how the team should operate.

In the Tuckman model, _____ occurs when the emphasis is on reaching the team goals, rather than working on team process.

In the MBTI, the _____ dimension relates to the manner in which you gather information.

Sensation/Intuition

Psychologist David Merril describes _____ as reactive and task-oriented.

“Analyticals”

According to Blake and Mouton, project managers who use the _____ method use a give-and take-approach to resolving conflicts.

According to Lencioni, which of the following qualities is present in organizations that succeed?

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Promotional Budgets: Strategies, Examples, and Impact

Last updated 03/20/2024 by

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Understanding promotional budgets

Components of a promotional budget.

Digital marketing: Allocations for online advertising, social media campaigns, email marketing, and website optimization.
Consultation & expertise: Funds directed towards hiring marketing consultants, advertising agencies, and data interpretation firms.
Content creation: Budgets might encompass expenses for creating engaging content for different platforms.

Strategies and decision-making

The role of promotional budgets in modern marketing, pros and cons.

Enhances brand visibility and recognition.
Attracts new customers and retains existing ones.
Facilitates the launch of new products or services.
Provides measurable results for marketing efforts.
Allows flexibility in strategy and budget adjustments.
May reduce short-term profits due to high expenditure.
Uncertain returns on investment for certain marketing channels.
Requires ongoing analysis and adjustment for optimal performance.
Over-reliance on certain platforms may lead to missed opportunities in emerging trends.
Ineffective budget allocation can lead to wasted resources and minimal impact.

Impact of changing dynamics

Implementing an effective promotional budget, measuring the success of promotional budgets, adapting promotional budgets to emerging trends, utilizing data-driven insights, global industry shifts in promotional budgets, frequently asked questions, what factors influence the determination of an effective promotional budget, how frequently should a business review and adjust its promotional budget, are there cost-effective ways to maximize promotional budget impact, how can businesses measure the return on investment (roi) from their promotional budgets, what are the common mistakes businesses make when allocating promotional budgets, key takeaways.

Establish a promotional budget to allocate funds specifically for marketing and advertising initiatives.
Consider diverse strategies to set promotional budgets, adapting to changing market dynamics.
Track performance, measure ROI, and adapt marketing strategies to capitalize on successful channels.

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Quiz 9: Project Human Resource Management

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