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Case Study Questions for Class 8 Science Chapter 5 Coal and Petroleum

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Here we are providing case study questions for CBSE Class 8 Science Chapter 5 Coal and Petroleum .

Case Study Questions

Question 1:

Read the passage carefully and answer the following questions.

In the light of the availability of various resources in nature, natural resources can be broadly classified into two kinds- Inexhaustible and Exhaustible resources. Inexhaustible natural resources are present in unlimited quantities in nature and are not likely to be exhausted by human activities. Examples are sunlight, and air. Exhaustible resources are present in limited quantities in nature. They can be exhausted by human activities. Examples of these resources are forests, wildlife, minerals, coal, petroleum, natural gas etc. some exhaustible natural resources like coal, petroleum and natural gas. These were formed from the dead remains of living organisms (fossils). So, these are all known as fossil fuels.

i) Exhaustible natural resources are: a. Unlimited in quantity. b. Not dependent on nature. c. Limited in quantity. d. Not exhausted by human activities.

ii) Various materials which are obtained from nature are called natural resources. Which of the following is not a natural resource? a. minerals b. water c. soil d. plastic

iii) Which of the following is an exhaustible natural resource? a. air b. sunlight c. forest d. wind

iv) Identify the fossil fuel/ fuels from the following: a. Coal b. Petroleum c. Natural gas d. All of these

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NCERT Exemplar
NCERT 8 Science Exemplar
Chapter 5: Coal And Petroleum

NCERT Exemplar Class 8 Science Solutions for Chapter 5 - Coal and Petroleum

Ncert exemplar solutions class 8 science chapter 5 – free pdf download.

NCERT Exemplar Solutions for Class 8 Science Chapter 5 Coal and Petroleum are a critical study resource for Class 8 students. This NCERT Exemplar will boost their preparation for Class 8 and various competitive examinations. After solving exemplar solutions, students will be able to better comprehend the concepts covered in CBSE Class 8 Chapter 5. For this purpose, the expert faculty at BYJU’S have designed the chapter-wise solutions after conducting vast research on each concept. The solutions contain detailed and step-wise explanations to help students score well in the annual exams.

These Exemplar Solutions provide you with comprehensive answers to the questions given in the textbook. Here, you can get answers to questions on some important concepts, such as explaining the process of formation of petroleum, the importance of coal and petroleum and so on. The free PDF of NCERT Exemplar Class 8 Solutions is available on BYJU’S website, which can be downloaded and used by the students based on their requirements. Click on the below-given link to access the solutions now.

Download the PDF of NCERT Exemplar Class 8 Science Solutions for Chapter 5 – Coal and Petroleum

NCERT Exemplar solution class 8 Chapter 5 part 01

Access Answers to NCERT Exemplar Class 8 Science Solutions for Chapter 5 – Coal and Petroleum

Multiple choice questions.

1. Various materials which are obtained from nature are called natural resources. Which of the following is not a natural resource?

(a) minerals

(d) plastic

Answer is (d) plastic

Explanation:

Minerals, water and soil are natural resources, whereas plastic is a man-made substance.

2. Air is a natural resource and cannot be exhausted by human activities. It is known as an inexhaustible natural resource. Which of the following is another inexhaustible natural resource?

(b) petroleum

(d) minerals

Answer is (c) sunlight

Caol, petroleum and minerals are non-renewable sources of energy, which can get exhausted, whereas sunlight is a renewable resource.

3. Which of the following is a pair of exhaustible natural resources?

(a) coal and soil

(b) air and sunlight

(d) wildlife and minerals

Answer is (d) wildlife and minerals

Coal and Soil, air and sunlight, water and petroleum. All these natural resources cannot be exhausted by human consumption and other uses. Wildlife and minerals are exhaustible natural resources, which are available in limited quantities and will be exhausted as a result of continuous use.

4. Coal is processed in industries to get some useful products. Which of the following is not obtained from coal?

(b) coal tar

Answer is (d) CNG

CNG is compressed natural gas which is made by compressing the natural gas. CNG is a petroleum product, whereas coke, coal tar and coal gas are obtained from coal.

5. Exhaustible natural resources are:

(a) unlimited in quantity.

(b) not dependent on nature.

(d) not exhausted by human activities.

Answer is (c) limited in quantity.

Exhaustible natural resources are limited resources, which are available in limited quantities and are going to be exhausted by continuous human use. Wildlife, petroleum, water and minerals are examples of Exhaustible natural resources.

6. Fossil fuels are obtained from:

(a) remains of non-living materials.

(b) dead remains of birds only.

(d) dead remains of living organisms.

Answer is (d) dead remains of living organisms

Fossil fuels are obtained millions of years ago remains of dead remains of living organisms. Get buried under the earth.

7. Coal is formed from the remains of

(a) vegetation only

(b) animals only

(d) neither vegetation nor animals

Answer is (a) vegetation only

Coal is a fossil fuel formed from the remains of prehistoric plants or animals. The formation of coal occurs over millions of years via a process known as carbonation.

8. Which substance is formed by the carbonisation of dead vegetation?.

(d) coal tar

Answer is (a) coal

The formation of coal occurs over millions of years via a process known as carbonation. In this process, dead vegetation is converted into carbon-rich coal under very high temperature and pressure.

9. Naphthalene balls are obtained from coal tar and are used as:

(a) mosquito repellant

(b) honey bee repellant

(d) snake repellant

Answer is (c) moth repellant

Naphthalene balls are small balls of chemical pesticide and deodorant, the characteristic smell of naphthalene makes the insects and moths run away from naphthalene stored under clothes etc.

10. Which of the following is not a constituent of petroleum?

(a) paraffin wax

(b) lubricating oil

Answer is (d) Coke

Coke is not a constituent of petroleum. It is almost a pure form of carbon.

11. Petroleum was formed from organisms:

(a) living on the land

(b) living on the plants

(d) living on the rocks

Answer is (c) living in the sea

Petroleum was formed from organisms living in the sea. As these organisms died, their bodies settled down at the bottom of the sea and got covered with layers of sand and clay. Over millions of years, the absence of air, high temperature and high pressure transformed the dead organisms into petroleum and natural gas.

12. Choose the incorrect statement from the following:

(a) It is difficult to transport natural gas through pipes.

(b) The disadvantage of natural gas is that it can not be used directly for burning in homes.

(d) Natural gas cannot be used for power generation.

Answer is (a) It is difficult to transport natural gas through pipes.

Natural gas is a naturally occurring hydrocarbon gas, which is extracted from the petroleum deposits deep beneath the earth. It is a highly flammable gas, therefore, it is difficult to transport through pipes.

Very Short Answer Questions

13. You are provided with a mixture of petroleum and water. Can you suggest a method to separate the two?

Decantation is the method used to separate a mixture of petroleum and water.

14. What does CNG stand for and why is it considered to be a better fuel than petrol?

CNG stands for compressed natural gas.

CNG is considered to be a better fuel than petrol because:

CNG burns with no smoke.
It does not cause air pollution.
CNG does not produce any poisonous gas.

15. Name the petroleum product used as fuel for stoves, lamps and jet aircraft.

Kerosene is the petroleum product used as fuel for stoves, lamps and jet aircrafts.

16. Fill in the blanks in the following sentences.

(a) Coal is one of the ________ used to cook food.

(b) When heated in air, coal burns and produces mainly ________ gas.

(d) Petroleum, ________ and ________ are fossil fuels.

(e) Forests and coal are ________ natural resources.

(a) Coal is one of the fuels used to cook food.

(b) When heated in air, coal burns and produces mainly Carbon-di-oxide gas.

(d) Petroleum, Coal and natural gas are fossil fuels.

(e) Forests and coal are exhaustible natural resources.

17. The underlined words in the following sentences have been jumbled up. Write them in their correct form.

(a) Loca is obtained from mines.

(b) Umpetlore is a fossil fuel.

(d) Keenrose is a fuel used in jet crafts.

(e) Nutsgilh is an example of inexhaustible natural resources.

(d) kerosene

(e) sunlight

18. Fill in the blanks.

(a) The slow process of conversion of dead vegetation into coal is called__________.

(b) Coal and petroleum are formed from the dead remains of organisms and are known as __________.

(d) During the processing of coal to get coke, coal tar and __________ are also obtained.

(e) The process of separating the various constituents of petroleum is known as __________.

(f) Excessive burning of fossil fuels is a major cause of __________.

(a) The slow process of conversion of dead vegetation into coal is called carbonisation.

(b) Coal and petroleum are formed from the dead remains of organisms and are known as fossil fuels .

(d) During the processing of coal to get a coke, coal tar and coal gas are also obtained.

(e) The process of separating the various constituents of petroleum is known as refining .

(f) Excessive burning of fossil fuels is a major cause of air pollution .

19. Write True/False against the following statements.

(a) Oxygen is an exhaustible natural resource.

(b) Resources which are present in unlimited quantity in nature are called exhaustible natural resources.

(d) Under high temperature and pressure, dead plants get slowly converted to coal.

(e) CNG is less polluting fuel than petrol and diesel.

Explanation: Oxygen is not an exhaustible natural resource.

Explanation: Resources which are present in unlimited quantity in nature are called inexhaustible natural resources.

Short Answer Questions

20. Sunlight and air are inexhaustible natural resources. Comment.

Sunlight and air are present in unlimited quantity in nature and are not likely to be exhausted by human activities or by any other means. Hence Sunlight and the air are inexhaustible natural resources.

21. Some natural resources are given in a box. Classify them into the exhaustible and inexhaustible natural resources.

Air, Coal, Natural gas, Sunlight, Petroleum, Minerals, Forests and Oxygen.

22. Write two important uses of coke.

Important uses of coke are as follows:

Coke is used in the manufacture of steel.
Coke is used as a reducing agent in the extraction of metal from its ore.

23. Write the characteristics and some important uses of coal.

Characteristics of coal.

It is a fossil fuel.
It is Combustible.
It is as hard as a stone and is black in colour.
When it is burned in the air, it releases CO 2.

Uses of Coal

Coal is one of the fuels used to cook food.
Coal is also used as fuel in various industries.
It is also used in thermal power plants to produce electricity.
Earlier, it was used in railway engines to produce steam to run the engine.

24. Look at Fig. 5.1 where petroleum and natural gas deposits are shown. Why do we find the oil layer above the water layer?

NCERT Exemplar Class 8 Science chapter 5 Solutions fig 1

Oil is found above the water layer because oil is lighter than water, hence oil floats above the water layer.

25. Fill in the blanks and complete the story.

About 300 million years ago, the earth had dense ________ in low-lying wetland areas. Due to natural processes, like ______, these forests got buried under the ________. As more ________ deposited over them, they were compressed. The ________ also rose as they sank deeper and deeper. Under high ________ and high ________, dead plants got slowly converted into coal.

About 300 million years ago, the earth had dense forests in low-lying wetland areas. Due to natural processes, like floods , these forests get buried under the soil . As more soil deposited over them, they were compressed. The temperature also rose as they sank deeper and deeper. Under high pressure and high temperature , dead plants got slowly converted into coal.

26. Match the items given in Column I with the items of Column II.

Long Answer Questions

27. Name the products obtained and their uses when coal is processed in industry.

Coke, coal tar and coal gas are the products obtained during the process of coal in the industries.

Application of these products are:

Coal gas is used as fuel.
Coke is used as a reducing agent in the extraction of metals.
Coal tar is used as starting material for manufacturing various substances such as synthetic dyes, drugs, explosives, perfumes, paints etc.

28. We say fossil fuels will last only for a few hundred years. Comment.

Fossil fuels take millions of years to get converted into these fuels. Formation of fossil fuels requires specific conditions, and it doesn’t happen quite often. Therefore, their limited stock will last only for a few hundred years.

29. We read in newspapers that the burning of fuels is a major cause of global warming. Explain why?

Burning of fuels leads to the release of carbon-di-oxide, carbon-monoxide and SO 2 gases. These are the greenhouse gases that not only increase air pollution but also contribute to global warming by trapping radiation from the sun.

30. While driving, what are the tips we must follow to save petrol/ diesel/natural gas?

Steps to follow while driving to save petrol/ diesel/natural gas are:

Ensure correct tyre pressure.
Ensure regular maintenance of the vehicle.
Drive at a constant and moderate speed as far as possible.
Switch off the engine at traffic lights or at a place where you have to wait.

31. Imagine that all the exhaustible natural resources are exhausted by human activities. Do you think the survival of living beings would be possible.? If yes, why?, If not, why not?

If all the exhaustible natural resources are exhausted by human activities, then the survival of living beings would be impossible. Fossil fuels are a very important source of energy for us today. On burning fossil fuel, it gives off heat and light. The heat produced can be used to cook food or to run engines such as automobile engines. It is also used to generate electricity as in powerhouse where the most common fuel used is coal.

32. Why is petrol an exhaustible natural resource, whereas sunlight is not? Explain.

Petrol is a fossil fuel, which is produced after years of decomposition of buried and plants deep down the earth. To produce petrol, we need millions of years. If we use petrol higher than the requirement, it will get exhausted. Whereas the sun is a continuous and unlimited source of energy. Sun is a renewable resource of energy which will not get exhausted.

33. Write some important uses of the various constituents of petroleum.

Constituents of Petroleum are petroleum gas, petrol, diesel, kerosene, lubricating oil, paraffin wax and bitumen.

34. Coal reserves are said to be enough to last for another hundred years. Do you think we need to worry in such a case? Why or why not?

Coal reserves are said to be enough to last for another hundred years. Because there will be no availability of coal after the exhaust of existing coal resources. To produce coal, it will take millions of years. Dead organisms should be buried in the earth, and it should decompose in the absence of oxygen. For all these processes, coal formation needs millions of years.

35. What steps would you suggest for the judicious use of fossil fuels?

Steps to take for the judicious use of fossil fuels

Use solar energy wherever possible.
Use fossil fuels only when it is required.
We can use natural gas in place of fossil fuels
Switch off automobile engine while standing in traffic.
Use Alternate sources of energy like, solar, wind and biomass should be used in place of fossil fuels.

36. Complete the crossword Fig. 5.2 with the help of the clues:

NCERT Exemplar Class 8 Science chapter 5 Solutions fig 2

1. Fuels obtained form dead remains of living organisms. (6,5)

2. A process by which the various constituents of petroleum are separated. (8)

3. A porous black substance obtained form of coal. (4)

4. Another name for motor fuel. (6)

5. The substance obtained by carbonisation. (4)

6. Fuel for heavy motor vehicles. (6)

7. A petroleum product used for road surfacing. (7)

8. Dead remains of sea animals got converted into it. (9)

NCERT Exemplar Class 8 Science chapter 5 Solutions fig 3

Subunits of NCERT Exemplar for Class 8 Chapter 5 Coal and Petroleum

Coal – Story of coal – coke – coal tar – coal gas
Petroleum – refining of petroleum – – definition of petroleum
Natural gas
Some natural resources are limited

List of important keywords to pay attention

Fossil fuel
Petroleum refinery

Apart from these Exemplar Solutions, the experienced subject experts at BYJU’S can guide the students to learn Chemistry in a more simplified and conceptual manner. In order to help students be successful in their education journey, BYJU’S tracks the progress of the student by providing regular feedback after the periodic assessments. And in cases where students face difficulty while solving the NCERT Class 8 Science Exemplar Solutions , they can contact our responsive support team to clear all their doubts.

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NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Science Chapter 5 Coal and Petroleum

NCERT Solutions Class 8 Science Chapter 5 – Access and Download Free PDF

NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Science Chapter 5 Coal and Petroleum are an essential tool for achieving high scores in the Class 8 exams. On the Careers360 page of NCERT Solution , you'll find comprehensive and detailed class 8 science chapter 5 question answer that provide step-by-step guidance through the chapter. These coal and petroleum class 8 ncert solutions are carefully designed to help you gain a thorough understanding of the concepts and perform exceptionally well in your examinations.

NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Science Chapter 5 Coal and Petroleum: Solved Questions

Ncert solutions for class 8 science- chapter-wise, coal and petroleum class 8 science chapter 5-topics, key features of class 8 science chapter 5 ncert solutions, study well.

Our subject experts have created these solutions of NCERT for Class 8 Science chapter 5 Coal and Petroleum with the primary goal of assisting students in obtaining good marks in the CBSE examination. Exploring these CBSE NCERT solutions for Class 8 Science Chapter 5 Coal and Petroleum will not only enhance your grasp of the chapter's concepts but also prepare you effectively for your exams. If you encounter any challenges while answering the questions, the class 8 science chapter 5 ncert solutions are readily available to provide guidance. You can also access NCERT solutions spanning from Classes 6 to 12 to further enhance your science knowledge.

Have you ever thought of, from where coal comes from or from where petrol comes from, which is used to operate different means of transport? In this chapter along with CBSE NCERT solutions for Class 8 Science chapter 5 Coal and Petroleum, you will get to know about the different types of resources which you use in daily life.

You know that different type of resources is used to fulfil our basic needs. Resource means something which is useful for us like sun, water, air, forest and on the other hand medicine, as well as vehicles, are also examples of resources. Now you can see, some of them which are mentioned above are found in nature and some have been made through human efforts. All these concepts will be learned in this chapter.

**In the latest CBSE Syllabus for 2023-24, Chapter 5, "Coal and Petroleum," has been removed from the Class 8 Science curriculum.

Free download coal and petroleum class 8 questions and answers PDF for CBSE exam.

Download PDF

Q1 . What are the advantages of using CNG and LPG as fuels?

Advantages of using CNG and LPG-

These are less polluting and cleaner fuel.
They can be burnt directly.
Transportation of these fuels is easily through the pipeline system.
CNG and LPG have high calorific values.

Q 2. Name the petroleum product used for surfacing of roads.

These days, bitumen is a petroleum product that is used to surfacing the roads. Previously we use coal-tar for the same purpose.

Q3. Describe how coal is formed from dead vegetation. What is this process called?

About 300 million year ago, Due to the natural calamities like flooding, storms and earthquake, the dense forests got buried under the soil. they were compressed, As more soil deposited over them. Under deep in the soil they were exposed to high pressure and high temperature, dead plants and animals slowly converted into coal. These process of conversion called carbonisation.

Q4. Fill in the blanks. (a) Fossil fuels are ____________, and __________ . (b) Process of separation of different constituents from petroleum is called_________ . (c) Least polluting fuel for vehicle is __________.

(a) Fossil fuels are coal and natural gas . (b) Process of separation of different constituents from petroleum is called refining . (c) Least polluting fuel for vehicle is CNG (compressed natural gas) .

Q 5.(a) Tick True/False against the following statements.

Fossil fuels can be made in the laboratory. (T/F)

(False) Dead plants and animals were buried inside the earth, deep down they were exposed to high pressure and temperature. under this condition, they slowly convert into Fossil fuels.

Q 5(b) Tick True and False against the following statements

(b) CNG is more polluting fuel than petrol. (T/F)

False, it is less polluting and cleaner fuel.

Q 5 (c) . Tick True/False against the following statements.

Coke is almost pure form of carbon. (T/F)

Q 5 (d) . Tick True/False against the following statements.

Coal tar is a mixture of various substances. (T/F)

it is a mixture of about 200 substance.

Q 5 (e) . Tick True/False against the following statements.

Kerosene is not a fossil fuel. (T/F) Answer:

Q 6. Explain why fossil fuels are exhaustible natural resources.

To regenerate, fossils fuels required millions of year. Deep inside the earth, they need high pressure and high temperature and it cannot be obtained in the laboratory. Their rate of conversion from dead vegetation to coal is very slow as compared to their rate of consumption. Therefore, they will exhaust in the near future.

Q 7. Describe characteristics and uses of coke.

Characteristics of coke-

black substance

Uses of coke-

In the manufacture of steel
in the extraction of metals

Q 8. Explain the process of formation of petroleum.

Petroleum was formed from the dead animals and plants, which live in the sea. when they died, their bodies settled at the bottom of the sea and covered by the layers of soil. After a million years, absence of air, high temperature and pressure transformed these dead organisms into petroleum and natural gas.

Q 9. The following Table shows the total power shortage in India from 1991–1997. Show the data in the form of a graph. Plot shortage percentage for the years on the Y-axis and the year on the X-axis.

X-axis = 1 unit = 1 year

Y-axis = 1 unit = 2% shortage

Don’t forget to study the story of coal, as it's a very interesting part of NCERT Solutions Class 8 Science chapter 5 Coal and Petroleum. You must be thinking about why it is important to know about these resources, and the answer is, a massive increase in the use of nonrenewable resources due to the increased population.

Now, the point of the issue is that due to high demand and an increase in the population, nonrenewable resources are in danger as they can get exhausted. So, how to decrease their usage as well as how to maintain their quantity is mentioned in Class 8 Science Chapter 5 Coal and Petroleum. You will get all the answers to NCERT solutions for Class 8 Science Chapter 5 Coal and Petroleum here.

Another important topic which you will study in Chapter 5 Coal and Petroleum is Natural gas; it is a very important fossil fuel because it can be easily transferred through pipes. Natural gas is stored under high pressure as compressed natural gas (CNG). It is now being used as a fuel for transport vehicles because it is less polluting.

After going through it properly, it will be easy for you to answer why coal and petroleum are called exhaustible natural resources. What are the advantages of natural gas?

So, try to attempt the NCERT questions. In case, if you have any queries, refer to NCERT solutions for Class 8 Science chapter 5 Coal and Petroleum, it will help you to score more marks in the exam.

Class 8 Science Chapter 12 NCERT Solutions: Important Formulas and Points

Energy can be derived from natural resources and transferred as heat or work.

There are different types of energy, including mechanical, chemical, thermal, nuclear, solar, wind, sound, and electrical energy.

Energy can change from one form to another, following the law of conservation of energy.

Natural Resources

Natural resources are provided by the Earth and are categorized into two types.

Inexhaustible or renewable natural resources are available in unlimited quantities, such as sunlight and wind.

Exhaustible or non-renewable natural resources are limited in quantity, like coal and petroleum.

Fossil Fuels

Fossil fuels are exhaustible resources formed from the decomposition of organic matter, including coal and natural gas.

Energy Stored in Fossil Fuels

Fossil fuels store energy derived from the decayed remains of animals and plants that existed over millions of years.

Energy Utilization from Fossil Fuels

Industries use approximately 40% of the energy generated from fossil fuels.

The transportation sector consumes around 24% of this energy.

Farms utilize about 6% of fossil fuel energy.

Approximately 30% of the energy is used for domestic and other purposes.

Coal Formation

Coal is a black-coloured fossil fuel extracted from the ground and used for various purposes.

The formation of coal begins with peat.

Peat is a dark, fibrous fuel made up of partly decomposed plant matter.

It represents the initial stage in the formation of coal.

Formation of Coal

Coal forms when dead vegetation undergoes a transformation under high pressure and temperature.

This process is known as carbonization.

Topics for class 8 science ch 5 question answer are given below:

Inexhaustible Natural Resources
Exhaustible Natural Resources
Story of Coal
Fossil fuel
Refining of Petroleum
Natural Gas
Some Natural Resources are Limited

Benefits of NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Science Chapter 5 Coal and Petroleum-

Homework will be an easy task with the NCERT solutions for Class 8 Science chapter 5 Coal and Petroleum in hand.
It will give you in-depth knowledge of your subject.
You can score well in the exam with the help of these solutions of NCERT solutions for Class 8 Science chapter 5 Coal and Petroleum.
It will strengthen your fundamental concepts of science.
It will develop your logical approach and methodology towards science and other subjects.
Your homework will be easier with these solutions of NCERT.

Comprehensive Coverage: The coal and petroleum class 8 solutions helping students understand all the key concepts and topics.

Step-by-Step Explanation: The coal and petroleum class 8 ncert solutions offer step-by-step explanations for each question, making it easier for students to grasp the concepts.

Clear and Concise Language: The class 8 science chapter 5 question answer are written in clear and concise language, ensuring that students can easily follow along.

Concept Clarity: The class 8 coal and petroleum ncert solutions aim to clarify all the concepts presented in the chapter, ensuring that students have a strong understanding of the subject matter.

Exam Preparation: These coal and petroleum class 8 questions and answers serve as an essential tool for exam preparation, helping students score well in their Class 8 exams.

Removal of Chapter: Note that, as per the latest CBSE syllabus for 2023-24, science chapter 5 class 8, "Coal and Petroleum," has been removed. Therefore, students should refer to the updated syllabus for their studies.

NCERT Solutions For Class 8: Subject-Wise

NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Maths
NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Science

Also Check NCERT Books and NCERT Syllabus here:

NCERT Books Class 8 Science
NCERT Syllabus Class 8 Science
NCERT Books Class 8
NCERT Syllabus Class 8

Frequently Asked Question (FAQs)

Here are some examples of fossils; Coal, Oil, Shell, etc.

The full form of LPG is Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG)

There are 9 questions in NCERT Class 8 Science chapter 5 Coal and Petroleum exercise. All the questions are based on the topics discussed in the Class 8 Science NCERT book

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NCERT Exemplar Class 8 Science Solutions Chapter 5 Coal and Petroleum
Textbook Solutions

Class 8 Science NCERT Exemplar Solutions Chapter 5 Coal and Petroleum

Free PDF download of NCERT Exemplar for Class 8 Science Chapter 5 - Coal and Petroleum solved by expert Science teachers on Vedantu.com as per NCERT (CBSE) Book guidelines. All Chapter 5 - Coal and Petroleum exercise questions with solutions to help you to revise complete syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Every NCERT Solution is provided to make the study simple and interesting on Vedantu. Subjects like Science, Maths, English will become easy to study if you have access to NCERT Solution for Class 8 Science , Maths solutions and solutions of other subjects. You can also download NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Maths to help you to revise the complete syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Coal and Petroleum are the chapters in NCERT Exemplar for Class 8 Science. The solutions are based on the CBSE Science Syllabus. These NCERT Exemplar Solutions for Class 8 Science Chapter 5 can make the learning process easier and more enjoyable.

Access NCERT Exemplar Solutions for Grade 8 Science(Chemistry) Chapter 5 - Coal and petroleum

Multiple choice questions.

1. Various materials which are obtained from nature are called natural resources. Which of the following is not a natural resource?

(a) minerals (c) soil

(b) water (d) plastic

Ans: (d) Plastic is a man-made material, not a natural resource.

2. Air is a natural resource and cannot be exhausted by human activities. It is known as an inexhaustible natural resource. Which of the following is another inexhaustible natural resource?

(a) coal

(b) petroleum

(d) minerals

Ans: (c) The sun is an infinite natural resource.

3. Which of the following is a pair of exhaustible natural resources.

(a) coal and soil

(b) air and sun-light

(d) wildlife and minerals

Ans: (c) Water and petroleum are both exhaustible since they are both present in extremely limited quantities and are rapidly depleting due to human use.

4. Coal is processed in industries to get some useful products. Which of the following is not obtained from coal?

(a) coke

(b) coal tar

(d) CNG

Ans: (d) Natural gases are gases that exist beneath the earth's surface as a result of years of decay of plant matter. CNG (compressed natural gas) is not available.

5. Exhaustible natural resources are:

(a) unlimited in quantity.

(b) not dependent on nature.

(d) not exhausted by human activities.

Ans: (c) Natural resources that are exhaustible are those whose value diminishes with each usage due to their scarcity.

6. Fossil fuels are obtained from:

(a) remains of non-living materials.

(b) dead remains of birds only.

(d) dead remains of living organisms.

Ans: (d) Fossils fuels are the fuels that are found in their natural state under the earth's surface. These are the results of years of decay of living beings' dead remains. Petroleum, Coal are examples of fossil fuels.

7. Coal is formed from the remains of

(a) vegetation only

(b) animals only

(d) neither vegetation nor animals

Ans: (a) Coal is created through the disintegration of plants, trees, and soils over a lengthy period of time. It takes around 300 years for coal to develop.

8. Which substance is formed by the carbonisation of dead vegetation?

(a) coal

(d) coal tar

Ans: (a) Coal is created.

9. Naphthalene balls are obtained from coal tar and are used as

(a) mosquito repellant

(b) honey bee repellent

(d) snake repellant

Ans: (c) As a moth repellent, naphthalene balls are utilized.

10. Which of the following is not a constituent of petroleum?

(a) paraffin wax

(b) lubricating oil

Ans: (d) Coke. It is synthesized by heating the coal at high temperature in the absence of air.

11. Petroleum was formed from organisms:

(a) living on the land

(b) living on the plants

(d) living on the rocks

Ans: (c) Many million years ago, the decay of plants and animals dwelling in the ocean resulted in the formation of petroleum.

12. Choose the correct statement from the following:

(a) It is difficult to transport natural gas through pipes.

(b) The disadvantage of natural gas is that it cannot be used directly for burning in homes.

(d) Natural gas cannot be used for power generation.

Ans: (c) Natural gas is utilized to generate power. It is simple to transport natural gas through pipelines. In many places, it is burned and cooked directly in houses.

Very Short Answer Questions

13. You are provided with a mixture of petroleum and water. Can you suggest a method to separate the two?

Ans: Petroleum has a lower density than water. The procedure of decantation can be used to separate these two. Because light petroleum floats on top of the water, it can be carefully poured. So, This strategy makes it simple to separate them.

14. What does CNG stand for and why is it considered to be a better fuel than petrol?

Ans: CNG (Compressed Natural Gas) is a better fuel than gasoline since it is less destructive to the environment and less expensive. It doesn't produce any smoke and doesn't pollute the environment.

15. Name the petroleum product used as fuel for stoves, lamps and jet aircrafts.

Ans: Kerosene is a petroleum-based substance. It's used to power lamps, stoves, and jet planes.

16. Fill in the blanks in the following sentences.

(a) Coal is one of the ________ used to cook food.

Ans: Coal is one of the fuels used to cook food

(b) When heated in air, coal burns and produces mainly________gas.

Ans: When heated in air, coal burns and produces mainly carbon dioxide gas.

Ans: Coal tar is a black, thick Liquid with an unpleasant smell.

(d) Petroleum, ________ and ________ are fossil fuels.

Ans: Petroleum, coal and natural gas are fossil fuels.

(e) Forests and coal are ________ natural resources.

Ans: Forests and coal are exhaustible natural resources

17. The underlined words in the following sentences have been jumbled up. Write them in their correct form.

(a) Loca is obtained from mines

(b) Umpetlore is a fossil fuel

Ans: Petroleum

Ans: Refinery

(d) Keenrose is a fuel used in jet crafts.

Ans: Kerosene

(e) Nutsgilh is an example of inexhaustible natural resources.

Ans: Sunlight

18. Fill in the blanks.

(a) The slow process of conversion of dead vegetation into coal is called__________.

Ans: carbonisation

(b) Coal and petroleum are formed from the dead remains of organisms and are known as __________.

Ans: fossil fuel

Ans: unpleasant

(d) During the processing of coal to get coke, coal tar and __________ are also obtained.

Ans: coal gas

(e) The process of separating the various constituents of petroleum is known as __________.

Ans: air pollution

(f) Excessive burning of fossil fuels is a major cause of __________.

Ans: global warming

19. Write True/False against the following statements.

(a) Oxygen in air is an exhaustible natural resource

Ans: False, Oxygen is a nonrenewable natural resource that can be reused many times.

(b) Resources which are present in unlimited quantity in nature are called exhaustible

natural resources.

Ans: False, Natural resources that are inexhaustible are those whose quantity is not dependent on consumption or is not subject to scarcity.

(d) Under high temperature and pressure, dead plants get slowly converted to coal.

(e) CNG is less polluting fuel than petrol and diesel.

Short Answer Questions

20. Sunlight and air are inexhaustible natural resources. Comment.

Ans: Natural resources that are inexhaustible are those whose quantity is not dependent on consumption or is not subject to scarcity. The amount of sunshine available and the air we breathe is not reliant on human usage. As a result, these natural resources are limitless.

21. Some natural resources are given in a box. Classify them into the exhaustible and

inexhaustible natural resources. Air, coal, natural gas, sunlight, petroleum, minerals,

forests, oxygen.

Ans: Exhaustible Natural Resources- Natural gas, Coal, Petroleum, Forests, Minerals.

Inexhaustible Natural Resources- Air, Oxygen, Sunlight

22. Write two important uses of coke.

Ans: Some basic important uses of coke are given below-

(i) Used as a reducing agent in extraction of metals.

Example- Zinc and Iron, etc.

(ii) It is used in steel manufacturing.

23. Write the characteristics and some important uses of coal.

Ans: Following are the important characteristics of coal-

(i) It's a fossil fuel.

(ii) It's a flammable and hard fuel.

(iii) It contains a significant amount of carbon.

(iv) It is an energy source.

Important uses:

(i) It is used to generate power and as a source of heat in dwellings to prepare food.

(ii) It's used to generate coal gas and coke.

24. Look at Fig. 5.1 where petroleum and natural gas deposits are shown. Why do we find oil layers above water layers?

Ans: Oil is lightweight and thus floats over it.

25. Fill in the blanks and complete the story.

About 300 million years ago the earth had dense ________ in low lying wetland areas.

Due to natural processes, like ______, these forests got buried under the ________. As

more ________ deposited over them, they were compressed. The ________ also rose

as they sank deeper and deeper. Under high ________ and high ________, dead plants

got slowly converted into coal.

Ans: forests, floods, soil, soil, temperature, pressure, temperature.

26. Match the items given in Column I with the items of Column II.

Ans: Followings are the correct matching for the given items-

Long Answer Questions

27. Name the products obtained and their uses when coal is processed in industry.

Ans: Following products can be obtained by processing coal in the industry-

(i) Coal tar- used in making roads.

(ii) Coke- used as a domestic fuel to cook food.

(iii) Coal Gas- Methane, hydrogen, and carbon monoxide are all present in this gas. These gases allow it to burn. Therefore, used in the routine preparation of cuisine homes.

28. We say fossil fuels will last only for a few hundred years. Comment.

Ans: The transformation of the dead creature into petroleum, coal, and natural gas takes millions of years. They have a finite amount of resources. Fossil fuels are utilized in a variety of ways. However, generation and reserves are merely a few of the sources from which these are derived. People are relying on these fuels to get by in their daily lives. Fossil fuels contribute to the generation of electricity, which is then wasted. It contributes to the production of gasoline and diesel for automobiles. People are unconcerned about squandering it. Despite the fact that these fuels are more expensive, consumers do not pay attention to them. The intensive consumption of fossil fuels makes it difficult to believe that they will last for much longer.

29. We read in newspapers that burning of fuels is a major cause of global warming. Explain why.

Ans: The biggest concern produced by the use of fossil fuels in various places is air pollution. Sulphur dioxide, carbon dioxide, and other hazardous gases are produced when fossil fuels are burned. By heating the atmosphere and air, these gases raise the earth's temperature. The gases emitted by automobiles, power plants, factories, and homes, among other things, contribute to an increase in the temperature of the environment and the earth. The global temperature is rising as a result of this. Worldwide warming refers to an increase in the earth's temperature on a global scale, which is why we frequently see this editorial in newspapers.

30. While driving what are the tips we must follow to save petrol/diesel/natural gas?

Ans: We can follow the following tips to save the petrol, diesel, and natural gas-

(i) We should maintain a consistent speed in our automobiles. Vehicles that travel at excessive speeds waste a lot of gasoline.

(ii) We should turn off our automobiles when there are indications. It aids in the reduction of fuel use.

(iii) Low-pressure and high-pressure tyre vehicles a significant amount of fuel is wasted

31. Imagine that all the exhaustible natural resources are exhausted by human activities. Do you think survival of living beings would be possible? If yes, why? If not, why not?

Ans: Human survival would be impossible if all natural resources were to be depleted. Fossil fuels are necessary for human survival. If there is one item that is absolutely vital for human survival after oxygen and food, it is fossil fuel. Fossil fuels are used to generate energy, which is used to power industries and manufacture all of the other necessities of existence. Humans may not be able to exist for long without these necessities. Apart from them, humans use fossil fuels to power their automobiles. Human life will come to a halt without fuel. It'll become sluggish and ineffective. Fossil fuels are responsible for the majority of human productivity. As a result, fossil fuels are critical to human survival.

32. Why is petrol an exhaustible natural resource, whereas sunlight is not? Explain.

Ans: Petrol is a fossil fuel created by the breakdown of dead plants and animals in the waters over millions of years. It can only be found in a few locations. This fossil fuel is used to make petrol. It's a dwindling resource. The more restricted it is, the more ferociously humans use it. That is why gasoline is a finite resource. Sunlight, on the other hand, is a source of energy created by the sun through nuclear fission. A lot of energy is produced in this process. And it will carry on indefinitely, at least as long as the inhabitants of Earth are alive.

33. Write some important uses of the various constituents of petroleum.

Ans: Below are the uses of important constituents of petroleum-

(i) LPG gas is used to cook food in houses.

(ii) Automobiles run on petrol.

(iii) Diesel is used in big vehicles

(iv) Vehicle engines make use of lubricating oils.

34. Coal reserves are said to be enough to last for another hundred years. Do you think we need to worry in such cases? Why or why not?

Ans: Coal deposits are quite scarce. A coal deposit is only good for about 100 years. With the rate at which humans consume coal, it's doubtful that it'll survive another 100 years. The consumption of coal is steadily increasing. Coal is widely used, from modest homes to large enterprises and power plants. As a result, coal is becoming scarce. Nature takes millions of years to create this fossil fuel within the earth. However, the consumption is so great that it will not last long. As a result, we must use coal with caution and responsibility. Aside from that, we should utilize other renewable energy sources.

35. What steps would you suggest for the judicious use of fossil fuels?

Ans: Below are some judicious uses of fossil fuels-

(i) Only utilize fossil fuels when they are absolutely necessary and there are no other options.

(ii) Make use of natural gas. It has less contaminants. In the last two decades, the natural gas resources have expanded tenfold.

(iii) Other energy sources should be considered as well.

(iv) Renewable energy sources are the greatest to use because they can be recycled.

36. Complete the crossword with the help of the clues:

1. Fuels obtained from dead remains of living organisms. (6,5)

2. A process by which the various constituents of petroleum

are separated. (8)

3. A porous black substance obtained from coal. (4)

4. Another name for motor fuel. (6)

5. The substance obtained by carbonisation. (4)

6. Fuel for heavy motor vehicles. (6)

7. A petroleum product used for road surfacing. (7)

8. Dead remains of sea animals got converted into it. (9)

Across

1- Fossil fuels

2- Refining

3- Coke

5- Coal

8- Petroleum

FAQs on NCERT Exemplar Class 8 Science Solutions Chapter 5 Coal and Petroleum

1. What is Conservation of Natural Resources?

Natural resources are things that originate from nature, and while humans cannot create them, they may gather them. Water, wood, iron, and coal are all examples of natural resources. Because they are created by humans, some resources, such as hydroelectric electricity, are not natural. These natural resources must be safeguarded since they are depleting at an alarming rate. Apart from that, it has a negative impact on the environment, resulting in indirect injury to living creatures. We may protect natural resources by following the guidelines below:

Vehicle usage should be kept to a minimum.

Water should be used sparingly and not wasted.

2. What is the formation of petroleum?

It takes millions of years for petroleum to form. The corpses of these deceased animals are exposed to extreme pressure and heat. Similar to plant-based materials, millions of animals have lived and perished through time to become petrified. Due to the existence of microorganisms, the decayed organic debris has been buried deeper and deeper over time. Tremendous temperatures, high pressure, and a lack of oxygen have transformed dead creatures into petroleum and coal for millions of years. This liquid form of dead biological stuff is known as petroleum or crude oil. Natural crude oil is extracted from deep wells. This crude oil is subsequently refined and turned into a variety of petroleum products that we use every day. For example, gasoline, diesel, lubricants, kerosene, and a variety of other products.

3. What is the usage of natural gas?

Although compressed natural gas is easy to transport through pipelines and can be compressed and stored at high pressure, it is a very important fuel. It has a high calorific value and does not contaminate the environment. Electricity is generated using CNG. It's presently employed as a fuel for transportation vehicles. It is more environmentally friendly gasoline. Natural gas is also used as a raw material for the manufacture of a variety of chemicals and fertilizers. India's natural gas reserves are huge. Coal and Petroleum are both limited in supply. We should be cautious when using them. The Petroleum Conservation Research Association (PCRA) in India provides driving suggestions to help you save money on gasoline and diesel.

4. Why is Chapter 5 of Vedantu's Coal and Petroleum Class 8 so important?

Vedantu is one of India's most well-known online teaching companies, claiming to allow students to study live from some of India's best-curated professors. There are several reasons to purchase Vedantu's Chapter 5 Coal and Petroleum Class 8 textbook. And here are a few of them

Learn the answers to get the best grades in your class.

Get answers to your questions 24 hours a day, 7 days a week.

Vedantu offers a free download of the revision notes.

5. How is Coal Obtained?

It is extracted from subterranean seams, which are layers of ores that are thick enough to be mined profitably. Underground and open-pit mining are the two types of mining available. The kind of mining is determined by the depth of the deposit. Underground mining requires the excavation of vertical shafts, whereas surface or open-pit mining requires the removal of soil and rocks that lay on top of the mineral deposits. Surface mining is more cost-effective than subterranean mining. As a result, surface mining is more prevalent.

CBSE Class 8 Science Chapter 5 – Coal and Petroleum Class 8 Notes

Coal And Petroleum CBSE Class 8 Revision Notes

The chapter of coal and petroleum class 8 notes studies about these exhaustible natural resources in detail. The chapter begins by telling the story of coal in detail. It further moves on to the coke in brief. After that, the students will be introduced to petroleum. Moreover, it also explains about the refining of petroleum. The topic of natural gas will also be explored in the chapter for giving students a fair idea about it.

Other than that, we see how this chapter also lays emphasis on how some natural resources are limited. Thus, this chapter will be a great way of making students realizes the scarcity of these substances in today’s world. With the on-going crisis of shortage of these materials, this chapter is a great help. Moreover, it also discusses their properties and origin for a better understanding.

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Sub-topics covered under Coal and Petroleum :

Introduction to Coal
Coal and Coke
Coal Tar and Coal Gas
Natural Gas
Petroleum and Refining of Petroleum

You can download CBSE Class 8 Science Chapter 5 Revision Notes by clicking on the download button below

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Coal and Petroleum Class 8 Science Extra Questions and Answers

Coal and Petroleum Class 8 Science Chapter 5 Extra Questions and Answers are provided here. We prepared these extra questions based on the latest NCERT Class 8 Science Book. CBSE Class 8 Science Chapter 5 Coal and Petroleum Extra Questions will help you to properly understand a particular concept of the chapter.

Class 8 Science Chapter 5 Coal and Petroleum Extra Questions

Very short answer type question.

Question 1: Why LPG is a better fuel than coal?

Answer: LPG is a better fuel than coal because it is a cleaner fuel.

Question 2: Name the petroleum product used for surfacing of roads.

Answer: Bitumen, a petroleum product, is used for metalling the roads.

Question 3: What are natural resources?

Answer: Materials obtained from nature are called natural resources.

Question 4: What are the characteristics of coal? Or Give two characteristics of coal.

Answer: It is as hard as stone and is black in colour.

Question 5: Which fuel is used in heavy motor vehicles?

Answer: Diesel is used in heavy motor vehicles.

Question 6: Where and when was the world’s first oil well drilled?

Answer: The world’s first oil well was drilled in Pennsylvania, USA, in 1859.

Question 7: What are the uses of kerosene?

Answer: Kerosene is used as fuel in stoves, lamps and in jet aircrafts.

Question 8: Why is lubricating oil used?

Answer: Lubricating oil is used for lubrication.

Question 9: Write the uses of paraffin wax.

Answer: Paraffin wax is used in ointments, candles, vaseline etc.

Question 10: From where do we obtain petrol and diesel?

Answer: Petrol and diesel are obtained from a natural resource called petroleum.

Question 11: How can bitumen be used? Or Write uses of bitumen.

Answer: Bitumen can be used for making paints and for surfacing the roads.

Question 12: Give two uses of diesel. Or Write two uses of diesel.

Answer: Diesel is used as fuel for heavy motor vehicles and in electric generators.

Question 13: Why is petroleum also known as ‘black gold’?

Answer: Due to its great commercial importance, petroleum is also called ‘black gold’.

Question 14: How can petrol be used? Or Write two uses of petrol.

Answer: Petrol can be used as a motor fuel, aviation fuel and as solvent for dry cleaning.

Question 15: Can coal, petroleum and natural gas be prepared in the laboratory from dead organisms?

Answer: No. Their formation is a very slow process and conditions for their formation cannot be created in the laboratory.

Question 16: Name two places in India where petroleum is found. Or Where is petroleum found in the India?

Answer: In India, oil is found in Assam, Gujarat, Mumbai High and in the river basins of Godavari and Krishna.

Question 17: What are the products obtained on refining petroleum?

Answer: Petroleum gas, petrol, diesel, kerosene, paraffin wax, lubricating oil are obtained by refining petroleum.

Question 18: Why are coal and petroleum called fossil fuels?

Answer: Coal and petroleum are called fossil fuels because it required the dead organisms millions of years to get converted into these fuels.

Question 19: Name some places in India where natural gas has been found. Or Where do we find natural gas in India?

Answer: In India, natural gas is found in Tripura, Rajasthan, Maharashtra and in the Krishna Godavari delta.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1: How were fossils formed? Name two fossil fuels.

Answer: Fossil fuels were formed from the dead remains of living organisms millions of years ago. Coal, petroleum and natural gas are fossil fuels.

Question 2: What are the three zones of flame?

Answer: There are three different zones of a flame – innermost zone (dark zone), middle zone (luminous zone) and outer zone non-luminous zone.

Question 3: What is combustion? Give example.

Answer: A chemical process in which a substance reacts with oxygen to give off heat is called combustion. Example: Burning of charcoal.

Question 4: Why food is called fuel for our body?

Answer: Food is called fuel for our body because in our body food is broken down by reaction with oxygen and heat is produced.

Question 5: Why is the innermost zone of a flame black in colour?

Answer: The innermost zone of a flame is black in colour due to presence of unburnt vapours of the combustible material.

Question 6: Explain how CO 2 is able to control fires.

Answer: CO 2 , being heavier than oxygen, covers the fire like a blanket. Since the contact between the fuel and oxygen is cut off, the fire is controlled.

Question 7: Which is the best fire extinguisher for fires involving electrical equipment and inflammable materials like petrol?

Answer: For fires involving electrical equipment and inflammable materials like petrol, carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) is the best extinguisher.

Question 8: Why is water not used to control fires involving electrical equipment? Or Explain why fire caused by electricity should not be extinguished by pouring water? Or Why water is not suitable for extinguishing fire caused due to electrical appliances? Or Why can we not use water to extinguish fire caused due to electrical appliances?

Answer: Water is not used to control fires involving electrical equipment because water may conduct electricity and harm those trying to douse the fire.

Question 9: What are the harmful products released by the burning of fuels?

Answer: The harmful products released by the burning of fuels are unburnt carbon particles, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, sulphur dioxide, nitrogen oxides etc.

Question 10: What is rapid combustion? Give one example.

Answer: The combustion that takes place rapidly and produces heat and light is called rapid combustion. Example: Gas burns rapidly and produces heat and light.

Question 11: Why are fires produced by burning oil not extinguished by pouring water? Or Water is not suitable for fires involving oil and petrol. Explain. Or The fire produced by petrol cannot be extinguished by using water. Explain why?

Answer: Water is heavier than oil. So, it sinks below the oil, and oil keeps burning on top. Thus, water is also not suitable for fires involving oil and petrol.

Question 12: What causes global warming?

Answer: Combustion of most fuels releases carbon dioxide in the environment. Increased concentration of carbon dioxide in the air is believed to cause global warming.

Question 13: What are the effects of global warming?

Answer: Global warming results in the melting of polar glaciers, which leads to a rise in the sea level, causing floods in the coastal areas. Low lying coastal areas may even be permanently submerged under water.

Question 14: What is combustible substance? Give some examples.

Answer: The substance that undergoes combustion is said to be combustible substance. Some of the combustible substances are wood, coal, charcoal, paper, dry leaves, petrol etc.

Question 15: What is non-combustible substance? Give some examples.

Answer: The substance that does not burn is said to be non-combustible substance. Some of the non-combustible substances are soil, stone, glass, water etc.

Question 16: Can you burn a piece of wood by bringing a lighted matchstick near it? Explain.

Answer: The ignition temperature of a piece of wood is high which cannot be reached by the small heat produced by a burning matchstick. So, a matchstick cannot light (or burn) a piece of wood directly.

Question 17: How forest fires occur during the hottest summer days? Or Why do forest fires occur during hot summers?

Answer: During hot summers, sometimes the ignition temperature of dry grass in the forest is reached, which makes the dry grass catch fire. From grasses, it spreads to trees, and very soon the whole forest is on fire.

Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1: State some characteristics of petroleum.

Answer: Characteristics of petroleum

It is a dark oily liquid.
It has an unpleasant odour.
It is a mixture of various constituents such as petroleum gas, petrol, diesel, lubricating oil, paraffin wax, etc.

Question 2: Explain the process of the formation of petroleum. Or How is natural gas formed?

Answer: Petroleum was formed from organisms living in the sea. As these organisms died, their bodies settled at the bottom of the sea and got covered with layers of sand and clay. Over millions of years, the absence of air, high temperature, and high pressure transformed the dead organisms into petroleum and natural gas.

Question 3: Write uses of coal tar.

Answer: Products obtained from coal tar are used as starting materials for manufacturing various substances used in everyday life and in industry, like synthetic dyes, drugs, explosives, perfumes, plastics, paints, photographic materials, roofing materials, etc. Interestingly, naphthalene balls used to repel moths and other insects are also obtained from coal tar.

Question 4: What are the uses of coal? Or State some uses of coal.

Answer: Uses of coal are as follows

Coal is one of the fuels used to cook food.
Earlier, it was used in railway engines to produce steam to run the engine.
It is also used in thermal power plants to produce electricity.
Coal is also used as a fuel in various industries.

Question 5: What are the advantages of using CNG and LPG as fuels?

Answer: The advantages of using CNG and LPG as fuels are:

They can be transported easily through pipes.
They can be used directly for burning in homes and factories where it can be supplied through pipes.
They are clean fuels and do not give smoke when burnt.
They are less polluting.

Question 6: State some of the tips of PCRA to conserve petrol and diesel. Or Give the tips advised by PCRA to save petrol/diesel while driving.

Answer: Their tips are:

Drive at a constant and moderate speed as far as possible,
Switch off the engine at traffic lights or at a place where you have to wait,
Ensure correct tyre pressure, and
Ensure regular maintenance of the vehicle.

Question 7: Describe how coal is formed from dead vegetation. What is this process called? Or Where do we get coal from and how is it formed?

Answer: About 300 million years ago the earth had dense forests in low lying wetland areas. Due to natural processes, like flooding, these forests got buried under the soil. As more soil deposited over them, they were compressed. The temperature also rose as they sank deeper and deeper. Under high pressure and high temperature, dead plants got slowly converted to coal. As coal contains mainly carbon, the slow process of conversion of dead vegetation into coal is called carbonisation.

Question 8: Distinguish between inexhaustible and exhaustible natural resources.

At Study Path, you can also learn more about Class 8 Science Chapter 5 Coal and Petroleum by accessing the free exhaustive list of study materials and resources related to the chapter such as NCERT Solutions, Notes, Important Questions, and MCQ.

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Cbse, ncert and icse solution online, class 8 science case study question, case study question class 8 science (cbse / ncert board).

Class 8 Science Case Study Question and Answer: CBSE / NCERT Board Class 8 Science Case Study Question prepared by expert Science Teacher. Students can learn Case Based Question / Paragraph Type Question for NCERT Class 8 Science.

There are total 18 chapter Crop Production and Management, Microorganisms: Friend and Foe

, Synthetic Fibres and Plastics, Materials: Metals and Non-Metals, Coal and Petroleum, Combustion and Flame, Conservation of Plants and Animals, Cell – Structure and Functions, Reproduction in Animals, Reaching the Age of Adolescence, Force and Pressure, Friction, Sound, Chemical Effects of Electric Current, Some Natural Phenomena, Light, Stars and the Solar System, Pollution of Air and Water

For any problem during learning any Case or any doubts please comment us. We are always ready to help You.

CBSE Class 8 Science Case Study Question

Chapter 1 Crop Production and Management Case Study Question
Chapter 2 Microorganisms: Friend and Foe Case Study Question
Chapter 3 Synthetic Fibres and Plastics Case Study Question
Chapter 4 Materials: Metals and Non-Metals Case Study Question
Chapter 5 Coal and Petroleum Case Study Question
Chapter 6 Combustion and Flame Case Study Question
Chapter 7 Conservation of Plants and Animals Case Study Question
Chapter 8 Cell – Structure and Functions Case Study Question
Chapter 9 Reproduction in Animals Case Study Question
Chapter 10 Reaching the Age of Adolescence Case Study Question
Chapter 11 Force and Pressure Case Study Question
Chapter 12 Friction Case Study Question
Chapter 13 Sound Case Study Question
Chapter 14 Chemical Effects of Electric Current Case Study Question
Chapter 15 Some Natural Phenomena Case Study Question
Chapter 16 Light Case Study Question
Chapter 17 Stars and the Solar System Case Study Question
Chapter 18 Pollution of Air and Water Case Study Question

What is Case Study Question?

Ans. At case Study there will one paragraph and on the basis of that concept some question will made. Students have to solve that question.

How many marks will have at case based question?

Most of time 5 questions will made from each case. There will 1 or 2 marks for each question.

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Coal and Petroleum Class 8 MCQ Test (Online Available)

Free mcq test, table of content, coal and petroleum test - 43.

Duration: 10 Mins

Maximum Marks: 10

Read the following instructions carefully.

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The chapter Coal and Petroleum is one of the important chapters in class 8. The highly qualified experts of Selfstudys developed these Coal and Petroleum class 8 MCQ to test what students have learnt and also helps them to identify their strengths and weaknesses.

These MCQ on Coal and Petroleum history class 8 are developed as per the latest pattern of CBSE (Central Board of Secondary Education). If a student wants to secure good marks in their exams, then they should attempt Coal and Petroleum class 8 MCQ.

The MCQ on Coal and Petroleum history class 8 is created with detailed explanation of concepts which can help students understand the concepts better and also increases their objective knowledge.

Format of Coal and Petroleum Class 8 MCQ

By regularly practising the MCQ on Coal and Petroleum History class 8, the students will get to know about the most common repeated questions. They will also get to know about the HOTS Questions (High Order Thinking Skills). The Coal and Petroleum class 8 MCQ also helps the students to do a thorough revision for their final examinations.

The Coal and Petroleum class 8 MCQ is developed as per the question papers of the last 5 years to help the students to give an idea about the most repeated questions and also about the pattern of the examination.

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If students want to attempt Coal and Petroleum class 8 MCQ, they need to follow the following steps:

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Click on the three lines on the upper left side, and then tap on the ‘CBSE’ Option, scroll down and click on the option stating ‘MCQ Tests’.

A page will appear in which there will be options for choosing classes.
Choose class 8.

Now, you have to choose the subject and the chapter.
Now, you can attempt Coal and Petroleum History Class 8 MCQ.

Instructions To Attempt Coal and Petroleum Class 8 MCQ

Before starting the Coal and Petroleum class 8 MCQ, it is advisable for all the students to go through the instructions to attempt the Coal and Petroleum class 8 MCQ;

The total number of questions in the Coal and Petroleum class 8 MCQ is 10.
Out of 4 options in the MCQ on Coal and Petroleum history class 8, only 1 is correct.
The duration in the Coal and Petroleum history class 8 MCQ will be 10 minutes to ensure time management among the students.
For each correct answer, the students will be given 1 mark.
After submitting the Coal and Petroleum class 8 MCQ, all the students can have a look at the answers with detailed information.
On the basis of the marks scored in the Coal and Petroleum class 8 MCQ test and time taken by the student to complete the test, the rank will be calculated.

How To Prepare for The Coal and Petroleum Class 8 MCQ?

All the students should prepare for Coal and Petroleum class 8 MCQ in the following way to secure good marks in their examination:

Start by memorising the important notes: The first step is to brush up all the important notes to create a strong base for the learning if a student is preparing for Coal and Petroleum history class 8 MCQ. Multiple choice questions is one of the most effective methods to test the skills of students and also it helps to know how well prepared a student is for the exam.
Make Acronyms: Another effective method which is advisable for all the students is to make acronyms to prepare for Coal and Petroleum class 8 MCQ. The procedure for that will be taking the first alphabet of the word and relating it with a word so that it becomes easy for you to remember.
Make flashcards: Making flashcards is also an effective way to prepare for the Coal and Petroleum class 8 MCQ which can help you to explain and relate key terms and names. Flashcards are a great tool if a student wants to do revision after the completion of their preparation. It also helps to recall all the important concepts which is a very important skill in the case of MCQ tests.
Put important information into a song which you like: Take a musical tune that is easy to memorise and replace the words with important dates, names and other important things.
Quiz yourself: Develop your own questions after going through the CBSE Class 8 syllabus and important notes. After creating 10 questions, test your knowledge to see how well you know the topic and also to identify your strengths and weaknesses.

How Regular Practice of Coal and Petroleum Class 8 MCQ Can Help Students Improve Their Scores

The first thing which a student wants to know after completing the preparation of Coal and Petroleum history class 8 MCQ, they want to know how well are they actually prepared for the exam

The benefits of Coal and Petroleum class 8 MCQ are huge, a student can get to know about their strengths and weaknesses and also the areas where they lack.

Benefits of The Coal and Petroleum Class 8 MCQ

There are numerous benefits of Coal and Petroleum history class 8 MCQ can help students to improve their marks in examinations. Some of them are:

Flexible Questioning Technique: Flexible questioning technique is used in the Coal and Petroleum class 8 MCQ which can promote effective learning among the students and as MCQ questions are versatile, students can learn them with critical thinking.
Time Management: The Coal and Petroleum class 8 MCQ helps the students to manage their time effectively. Time management reduces the chance of procrastination which can increase the chances for scoring well in the examination for all the students. As the time duration of the Coal and Petroleum class 8 MCQ will only be 10 minutes, it can be helpful for students as they will have more time for other important study materials.
Fast: The Coal and Petroleum history class 8 MCQ is fast as compared to other modes of exam available. Examples include offline (pen and paper) etc. This can be beneficial for students as they will get the status of their exam preparation fast.
Developed by the Subject Matter Experts: These Coal and Petroleum class 8 MCQ are developed by the subject matter experts of selfstudys.com who have years of experience in the educational field and are aware of the most common questions which can be asked in examinations.
Give the idea of the pattern of the exam: The Coal and Petroleum class 8 MCQ gives the idea of the pattern of the exam to the students which can make them confident and also help them to score well in the exam.
Improve the skills of the students: The Coal and Petroleum history class 8 MCQ can significantly improve critical thinking, management skills and time management skills.

Hacks to Score Well in the Coal and Petroleum class 8 MCQ

If a student want to score well in the Coal and Petroleum class 8 MCQ, they can try the following hacks:

Read the complete question: It is advisable for students to read the entire question of the MCQ on Coal and Petroleum history class 8 completely as it helps them to understand the requirement of the question. Students often feel that they know the answer by looking at the question and without reading the complete question, they choose the most logical answer. This mistake is very common among the students.
Answer it in your mind first: Answer the question in your mind after reading the Coal and Petroleum history class 8 MCQ without looking at the options. Try to answer it without looking at the options as it will help you to be completely sure about the answer.
Attempt the questions you know first: Students are advised to attempt the questions for which they are completely sure that they know the answer whereas if a student doesn’t know the particular answer, they can skip it. By doing this, no unnecessary time will be wasted and time management will be ensured.
Make a guess: Students should make a guess while attempting the Coal and Petroleum class 8 MCQ because there is no negative marking. So, there is no need to skip any questions.

How To Select The Correct Answers To The Coal and Petroleum History Class 8 MCQ?

Use the process of elimination: After reading the entire questions and all the four options, students can use the process of elimination for the options for which they are 100% sure that they are incorrect. Even if they know the correct option, students are advised to use the elimination process.
“All of the above” and “None of the above”: While attempting the Coal and Petroleum class 8 MCQ, if you see options like “All of the above” and “none of the above”, prefer not to choose them unless you are 100% sure as students think that this is the correct option.
Find the answers hidden in the Question: A lot of times, the answers are hidden in the given questions so, try to find the answers hidden in Coal and Petroleum class 8 MCQ. Try decoding the questions by rereading them as you can find them in the questions itself.
True or False Test: Doing a true or false test in Coal and Petroleum Science Class 8 MCQ can be very beneficial as it can be easier for a student to not consider all the false answer options and choose the correct answer.
Possibility of two correct answers: If in case, two answers look correct with all of the above options while attempting the Class 8 Coal and Petroleum of History MCQ, then there is a strong possibility that it is the correct answer option.

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Notes of Ch 5 Coal and Petroleum| Class 8th Science

Study material and notes of ch 5 coal and petroleum class 8th science.

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MCQ Questions for Class 8 Science Chapter 5 Coal and Petroleum with Answers

We have compiled the NCERT MCQ Questions for Class 8 Science Chapter 5 Coal and Petroleum with Answers Pdf free download covering the entire syllabus. Practice MCQ Questions for Class 8 Science with Answers on a daily basis and score well in exams. Refer to the Coal and Petroleum Class 8 MCQs Questions with Answers here along with a detailed explanation.

Coal and Petroleum Class 8 MCQs Questions with Answers

Choose the correct option.

Question 1. Which of the following is a renewable source of energy? (a) Coal (b) Petroleum (c) Water (d) Natural gas

Answer: (c) Water

Question 2. Which of the following is a non-renewable source of energy? (a) Water (b) Coal (c) Soil (d) Sun

Answer: (b) Coal

Coal and Petroleum with Questions and Answers

Question 3. Plastic is a (a) natural material (b) man-made material (c) both (a) & (b) (d) none of these

Answer: (b) man-made material

Question 4. Fossil fuels are (a) coal (b) petroleum (c) natural gas (d) all of the these

Answer: (d) all of the these

Question 5. The word ‘coal’ is derived from the old English term (a) col (b) coke (c) coco (d) none of these

Answer: (a) col

Question 6. Which of the following minerals is present in coal? (a) Hydrogen (b) Oxygen (c) Sulphur (d) All of these

Answer: (d) All of these

Question 7. Naphthalene balls are used as (a) mosquito repellant (b) moth repellant (c) snake repellant (d) bee repellant

Answer: (b) moth repellant

Question 8. How much percentage of carbon is present in bituminous? (a) 20 — 25% (b) 25 — 35% (c) 65 — 85% (d) 98%

Answer: (c) 65 — 85%

Question 9. The process of conversion of wood into coal is called (a) carbonisation (b) catagenesis (c) carboniferous (d) none of these

Answer: (a) carbonisation

Question 10. Petroleum is also known as (a) coke (b) black gold (c) tar (d) none of these

Answer: (b) black gold

Question 11. The brown variety of coal is (a) lignite (b) peat (c) anthracite (d) bituminous

Answer: (a) lignite

Question 12. The major constituent of natural gas is/are (a) butane (b) methane (c) hydrogen (d) ethane

Answer: (b) methane

Question 13. The product obtained by destructive distillation of coal is (a) coal tar (b) coke (c) coal gas (d) all of these

Answer: (d) all of these

Question 14. The petroleum product which is not used as fuel is (a) petrol (b) kerosene (c) diesel (d) petroleum jelly

Answer: (d) petroleum jelly

Question 15. Main constituent of LPG is (a) methane (b) butane (c) ethane (d) propane

Answer: (b) butane

Question 16. A natural gas stored under high pressure is called (a) CNG (b) LPG (c) KLG (d) PNP

Answer: (a) CNG

Question 17. Name the petroleum product used for surfacing of road. (a) Peat (b) Bitumen (c) Lignite (d) Anthracite

Answer: (b) Bitumen

Question 18. The mining of oil under sea is termed as (a) distillation (b) carbonisation (c) shore mining (d) destructive distillation

Answer: (c) shore mining

Question 19. Which is the best type of coal? (a) Lignite (b) Anthracite (c) Bituminous (d) Peat

Answer: (b) Anthracite

Question 20. Petroleum is separated by using the difference in (a) ignition temperatures (b) melting points (c) freezing points (d) boiling points

Answer: (d) boiling points

Question 21. What should be the minimum age for the dead remains of organisms to be categorised as fossil? (a) 100 years (b) 1,000 years (c) 10,000 years (d) 100,000 years

Answer: (c) 10,000 years

Question 22. The HVJ pipeline starts from which state? (a) Gujarat (b) Madhya Pradesh (c) Haryana (d) Uttar Pradesh

Answer: (d) Uttar Pradesh

Question 23. An example of fossil fuel is (a) wood (b) petroleum (c) coal (d) all of these

Question 24. Which substance is used for making candles? (a) Petrol (b) Paraffin wax (c) Lubricating oil (d) Kerosene

Answer: (b) Paraffin wax

Question 25. The petroleum product which is not used as a fuel is (a) petrol (b) kerosene (c) diesel (d) petroleum jelly

Question 26. When coal burns in air (a) carbon dioxide is formed (b) sulphur dioxide is formed (c) carbon monoxide is formed (d) hydrogen gas is formed

Answer: (a) carbon dioxide is formed

Question 27. Which of the following is a natural resource? (a) Tea (b) Cooked food (c) Air (d) Toffee

Answer: (c) Air

Question 28. Inexhaustible natural resources in nature are (a) limited (b) unlimited (c) scarce (d) not present

Answer: (b) unlimited

Question 29. Which of the following is an exhaustible natural resource? (a) Air (b) Water (c) Sunlight (d) Forest

Answer: (d) Forest

Question 30. Fossils are the (a) dead remains of living organism (b) coal mines (c) kind of natural resource (d) living beings

Answer: (a) dead remains of living organism

Question 31. Coal mainly contains (a) hydrogen (b) oxygen (c) carbon (d) sodium

Answer: (c) carbon

Question 32. Which of the following places has a network of pipelines which supply CNG? (a) Kanpur (b) Jhansi (c) Vadodara (d) Bhopal

Answer: (c) Vadodara

Question 33. What is the full form of PCRA? (a) Petroleum Conservation Research Association (b) Petroleum Consumption Research Association (c) Petroleum Conservation Resource Association (d) Petrochemical Consumption Research Association

Answer: (a) Petroleum Conservation Research Association

Question 34. Hydrogen gas is mainly obtained from (a) petroleum (b) coal (c) coke (d) natural gas

Answer: (d) natural gas

Fill in the blanks with suitable word/s.

Question 1. Resources which get replenished by natural processes in a certain period of time is called …………….

Answer: renewable resources

Question 2. ……………. is a mixture of various constituents such as lubricating oil, paraffin wax, etc.

Answer: Petroleum

Question 3. All the things that are required to fulfil one’s need are called …………….

Answer: resources

Question 4. Anything that burns to produce energy is called a …………….

Answer: fuel

Question 5. ……………. is a black-coloured hard substance that mainly contains carbon.

Answer: Coal

Question 6. The time period taken to complete the process of carbonisation is called …………….

Answer: carboniferous age

Question 7. ……………. is the most inferior and softest form of coal.

Answer: Peat

Question 8. The least polluting fuel for vehicle is …………….

Answer: CNG

Question 9. The major fossil fuels are ……………. and …………….

Answer: coal, petroleum

Question 10. The major component of CNG is …………….

Answer: methane

Question 11. Destructive distillation of coal is done at …………….

Answer: 1000°C

Question 12. Petroleum is a mixture of different …………….

Answer: hydrocarbons

Question 13. …………… is another name for petroleum.

Answer: Black gold

Question 14. Devices that consume less energy are ……………. and ……………. lights.

Answer: CFL, LED

Question 15. Forests are ……………. natural resources.

Answer: exhaustible

Question 16. Petra means and oleum means …………….

Answer: rock, oil

Question 17. ……………. is the leading producer of crude oil.

Answer: Saudi Arabia

Question 18. When heated in air, coal burns and produces mainly ……………. gas.

Answer: carbon dioxide

Question 19. We should use ……………. instead of individual vehicles.

Answer: carpools

Question 20. Separation of different constituents of petroleum is called …………….

Answer: refining of petroleum

Question 21. Air is an ………………….. natural resource.

Answer: inexhaustible

Question 22. Fossil fuels are valuable sources of …………………..

Answer: energy

Question 23. When coal is heated in the ………………….. of air, many useful products are formed.

Answer: absence

Question 24. When coal is burnt in the ………………….. of oxygen, lot of smoke and harmful gases are produced.

Answer: Presence

Question 25. Useful substances obtained from petroleum and natural gas are called …………………..

Answer: petrochemicals

Question 26. The constituent of petroleum added to produce Vaseline is …………………..

Answer: paraffin wax

Question 27. Process of conversion of wood to carbon is called …………………..

Answer: carbonisation

Question 28. Process of separating the fractions of petroleum by fractional distillation is called ………………….. of petroleum.

Answer: refining

True or False

Question 1. Coal is a renewable source of energy.

Answer: False

Question 2. Coal is a solid fossil fuel.

Answer: True

Question 3. Coke is almost a pure form of carbon.

Question 4. CNG is more polluting than petrol.

Question 5. 40% of electricity generation depends on coal.

Question 6. Carbon content of lignite is 25-35%.

Question 7. Fossil fuels are inexhaustible natural resources.

Question 8. We get napthalene ball from coal tar.

Question 9. The time period take to complete carbonisation is called carboniferous age.

Question 10. Peat is the hardest grade coal.

Question 11. Petroleum is also known as ‘black gold.’

Question 12. 30% of paraffins is present in petroleum.

Question 13. Petroleum can be mixed with water.

Question 14. Natural gas is transported through pipelines.

Question 15. Kerosene is not a fossil fuel.

Question 16. The percentage of carbon is more in coke than in coal.

Question 17. Petroleum is soluble in water.

Question 18. Petroleum is an exhaustible or non-renewable energy source.

Question 19. Ammoniacal liquor is formed by the solution of ammonia in oil.

Question 20. Natural gas is a domestic and industrial fuel with high calorific value.

Question 21. Oxygen is a non-renewable resource.

Question 22. Natural gas is found along with petroleum in reservoirs under the groun(d)

Question 23. Natural gas is chiefly made up of methane.

Question 24. CNG is used as a domestic fuel.

Question 25. Biogas is a very costly and inconvenient fuel for rural areas.

Match the following

Hope the information shed above regarding NCERT MCQ Questions for Class 8 Science Chapter 5 Coal and Petroleum with Answers Pdf free download has been useful to an extent. If you have any other queries of CBSE Class 8 Science Coal and Petroleum MCQs Multiple Choice Questions with Answers, feel free to reach us so that we can revert back to us at the earliest possible.

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Case Study Questions Class 8 Science Crop Production and Management

Case study questions class 8 science chapter 1 crop production and management.

CBSE Class 8 Case Study Questions Science Crop Production and Management. Important Case Study Questions for Class 8 Board Exam Students. Here we have arranged some Important Case Base Questions for students who are searching for Paragraph Based Questions Crop Production and Management.

At Case Study Questions there will given a Paragraph. In where some Important Questions will made on that respective Case Based Study. There will various types of marks will given 1 marks, 2 marks, 3 marks, 4 marks.

CBSE Case Study Questions Class 8 Science Crop Production and Management

Case study 1.

When plants of the same kind arecultivated at one place on a large scale,it is called a crop. For example, crop ofwheat means that all the plants grownin a field are that of wheat.You already know that crops are ofdifferent types like cereals, vegetablesand fruits. These can be classified on thebasis of the season in which they grow.India is a vast country. The climaticconditions like temperature, humidityand rainfall vary from one region toanother. Accordingly, there is a richvariety of crops grown in different partsof the country. Despite this diversity,two broad cropping patterns can beidentified. These are:(i) Kharif Crops: The crops which aresown in the rainy season are calledkharif crops. The rainy season in Indiais generally from June to September.Paddy, maize, soyabean, groundnut andcotton are kharif crops.(ii) Rabi Crops: The crops grown in thewinter season (October to March) arecalled rabi crops. Examples of rabicrops are wheat, gram, pea, mustardand linseed.Besides these, pulses and vegetables are grown during summer at manyplaces.

Que. 1) Soyabean which is generally sown from June to September isan example of …………………………………………………………………………………….. crops.

Que. 2) Which of the following mentioned crop is included in the category of Rabi Crop?

(d) Mustard

Que. 3) Which among the following factors or conditions does NOT affect the crop production?

(a) Temperature

(b) Humidity

(d) Rainfall

Que. 4) What do you understand by the term “Crop”?

Que. 5) What are Rabi Crops? Enlist some of the examples of Rabi Crops.

Que. 1) (a) Kharif

Que. 2) (d) Mustard

Que. 3) (c) Literacy

Que. 4) Answer: When plants of same kind are cultivated at one place on a large scale in order to provide food for a large population, it is called a crop.

Que. 5) Answer: Rabi crops are grown in winter season mainly from October to March. Examples of Rabi crop include wheat, gram, pea, linseed and mustard.

Case study 2

The preparation of soil is the first step before growing a crop. One of the mostimportant tasks in agriculture is to turn the soil and loosen it. This allows theroots to penetrate deep into the soil. The loose soil allows the roots to breatheeasily even when they go deep into the soil. Why does the loosening of soil allowthe roots to breathe easily? The loosened soil helps in the growthof earthworms and microbes present in the soil. These organisms are friends ofthe farmer since they further turn and loosen the soil and add humus to it.But why the soil needs to be turned and loosened? You have learnt in the previousclasses that soil contains minerals, water, air and some living organisms.In addition, dead plants and animals get decomposed by soil organisms. Inthis way, various nutrients in the dead organisms are released back into thesoil. These nutrients are again absorbed by plants. Since only a few centimetres of thetop layer of soil supports plant growth, turning and loosening of soil brings thenutrient-rich soil to the top so that plants can use these nutrients. Thus, turning and loosening of soil is very important for cultivation of crops. The process of loosening and turning of the soil is called tilling or ploughing. This is done by using a plough. Ploughsare made of wood or iron. If the soil is very dry, it may need watering beforeploughing. The ploughed field may have big clumps of soil called crumbs. It isnecessary to break these crumbs. Levelling the field is beneficial for sowing as well as for irrigation. Levelling of soil is done with the help of a leveller.Sometimes, manure is added to the soil before tilling. This helps in propermixing of manure with soil. The soil is moistened before sowing.

Que. 1) Which of the following organism is widely known as the friends of farmers?

(b) Earthworm

(d) Cockroach

Que. 2) The process of loosening and turning of soil is commonly termed as ………………………………………………………………………………………….. .

(a) Watering

(b) winnowing

(d) Harvesting

Que. 3) Why is manure sometimes added to the soil before the process of tilling?

(a) For proper mixing of manure in soil

(b) To reduce the workload

(d) For levelling properly

Que. 4) Explain in detail the importance of turning the soil and loosening it.

Que. 5) How is levelling of the soil done? What is the benefit of levelling?

Que. 1) (b) Earthworm

Que. 2) (c) Ploughing

Que. 3) (a) For proper mixing of manure in soil

Que. 4) Answer: Turning of soil allows roots to penetrate deep into the soil. This loosening allows roots to breathe easily. Turning and loosening also helps in the growth of earthworms and microbes present in soil.

Que. 5) Answer: Levelling of soil is done with the help of a leveller. Levelling in the field is beneficial for sowing as well as for irrigation.

Case study 3

Before sowing the seeds, it is necessary tobreak soil clumps to get better yield. Thisis done with the help of various tools.The main tools used for this purpose arethe plough, hoe and cultivator.Plough: This is being used sinceancient times for tilling the soil, addingfertilisers to the crop, removing the weedsand turning the soil. This is made ofwood and is drawn by a pair of bulls orother animals (horses and camels). Itcontains a strong triangular iron stripcalled ploughshare. The main part of theplough is a long log of wood which iscalled a plough shaft. There is a handleat one end of the shaft. The other end isattached to a beam which is placed onthe bulls’ necks. One pair of bulls and aman can easily operate the plough.The indigenous wooden plough isincreasingly being replaced by ironploughs nowadays.Hoe: It is a simple tool which is usedfor removing weeds and for looseningthe soil. It has a long rod of wood oriron. A strong, broad and bent plate ofiron is fixed to one of its ends and works like a blade. It is pulled byanimals Cultivator: Nowadays ploughing isdone by tractor-driven cultivator. Theuse of cultivator saves labour and time.

Sowing is an important part of cropproduction. Before sowing, good quality,clean and healthy seeds of a goodvariety—are selected. Farmers prefer touse seeds which give high yield.

Are there seeds which float onwater? Would those be lighter orheavier than those which sink? Whywould they be lighter? Damaged seedsbecome hollow and are thus lighter.Therefore, they float on water.This is a good method forseparating good, healthy seeds fromthe damaged ones.Before sowing, one of the importanttasks is to know about the tools usedfor sowing seeds. Traditional tool: The tool usedtraditionally for sowing seeds isshaped like a funnel. Theseeds are filled into the funnel,passed down through two or threepipes having sharp ends. Theseends pierce into the soil and placeseeds there.Seed drill: Nowadays the seed drillis used for sowing with the helpof tractors. This sows the seedsuniformly at equal distance and depth.It ensures that seeds get covered by thesoil after sowing. This protects seedsfrom being eaten by birds. Sowing byusing a seed drill saves time and labour.Appropriate distance between theseeds is necessary to avoid overcrowdingof plants. This allows plants to getsufficient sunlight, nutrients and waterfrom the soil. At times a few plantsmay have to be removed to preventovercrowding.

Que. 1) Which one of the following equipment is NOT used for the purpose of tilling of soil?

Que. 2) ………………………………………………………………………………… is used to sow seeds uniformly at equal distance and depth?

(b) Spade fork

Que. 3) What is the most important thing to be done before sowing of the seeds?

(a) Tilling

(b) seeding

(d) Threshing

Que. 4) What needs to be taken care of before the process of sowing?

Que. 5) Explain a method to determine the damaged seeds before sowing.

Que. 1) (d) Hammer

Que. 2) (c) Seed drill

Que. 3) (a) Tilling

Que. 4) Answer: Thing to be taken care of before sowing are to select good quality, clean and healthy seeds of good variety. It is also important to select the seeds which give high yield.

Que. 5) Answer: To determine damaged seeds, they are put in a vessel containing water. Some seeds will float and some seeds will sink. The seeds floating are lighter because they are hallow from inside. Thus, damaged seeds can be separated from good quality seeds.

Case study 4

The substances which are added to thesoil in the form of nutrients for thehealthy growth of plants are calledmanure and fertilisers.Soil supplies mineral nutrients to thecrop plants. These nutrients areessential for the growth of plants. Incertain areas, farmers grow crop aftercrop in the same field. The field is neverleft uncultivated or fallow. Imagine whathappens to the nutrients?Continuous cultivation of cropsmakes the soil poor in nutrients.Therefore, farmers have to add manureto the fields to replenish the soil withnutrients. This process is calledmanuring. Improper or insufficientmanuring results in weak plants.Manure is an organic substanceobtained from the decomposition ofplant or animal wastes. Farmers dumpplant and animal waste in pits at openplaces and allow it to decompose. Thedecomposition is caused by somemicroorganisms. The decomposedmatter is used as organic manure.Fertilisers are chemicals which arerich in a particular nutrient. How arethey different from manure? Fertilisersare produced in factories. Someexamples of fertilisers are— urea,ammoniumsulphate,superphosphate, potash, NPK (Nitrogen,Phosphorus, Potassium).The use of fertilisers has helpedfarmers to get better yield of cropssuch as wheat, paddy and maize. Butexcessive use of fertilisers has madethe soil less fertile. Fertilisers have alsobecome a source of water pollution.Therefore, in order to maintain thefertility of the soil, we have tosubstitute fertilisers with organicmanure or leave the field uncultivated(fallow) in between two crops.The use of manure improves soiltexture as well as its water retainingcapacity. It replenishes the soil withnutrients.Another method of replenishingthe soil with nutrients is through croprotation. This can be done by growingdifferent crops alternately. Earlier,farmers in northern India used togrow legumes as fodder in one seasonand wheat in the next season. Thishelped in the replenishment of the soilwith nitrogen. Farmers are beingencouraged to adopt this practice.

In the previous classes, you havelearnt about Rhizobium bacteria.These are present in the nodules ofroots of leguminous plants. They fixatmospheric nitrogen.Advantages of Manure: The organicmanure is considered better thanfertilisers. This is because:

it enhances the water holding capacity of the soil.
it makes the soil porous due to which exchange of gases becomes easy.
it increases the number of friendly microbes.
it improves the texture of the soil.

Que. 1) Organic substance obtained from the decomposition of plant and animal waste that helps in the healthy growth of plants are called:

(a) Fertilisers

(b) Chemicals

(d) Cow dung

Que. 2) Excessive use of fertilisers is generally observed to …………………………………………………..…………………………………… ?

(a) Decrease the fertility of soil

(b) Increase the soil content

(d) Rise the amount of water in soil

Que. 3) Which of the following nitrogen fixing bacteria is present in the root nodules of leguminous plants?

(a) E. coli

(b) Rhizobium bacteria

(d) Eubacteria

Que. 4) Write down some of the examples of commonly used fertilisers.

Que. 5) What do you understand by the term “crop rotation”? Give its importance.

Que. 1) (c) Manure

Que. 2) (a) Decrease the Fertility of soil

Que. 3) (b) Rhizobium bacteria

Que. 4) Answer: Some of the examples of fertilisers include: super phosphate, potash, NPK (Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potassium), urea, ammonium sulphate.

Que. 5) Answer: Crop rotation is the process of growing different crops alternately. It is important because it replenishes the soil with nutrients.

Case study 5

All living beings need water to live.Water is important for proper growthand development. Water is absorbed bythe plant roots. Along with water,minerals and fertilisers are alsoabsorbed. Plants contain nearly 90%water. Water is essential becausegermination of seeds does not take placeunder dry conditions. Nutrientsdissolved in water are transported toeach part of the plant. Water alsoprotects the crop from both frost andhot air currents. To maintain themoisture of the soil for healthy cropgrowth, fields have to be wateredregularly.The supply of water to crops atregular intervals is called irrigation. Thetime and frequency of irrigation variesfrom crop to crop, soil to soil and seasonto season. In summer, the frequency ofwatering is higher. Why is it so? Couldit be due to the increased rate ofevaporation of water from the soil andthe leaves?Sources of irrigation: The sources ofwater for irrigation are— wells,tube wells, ponds, lakes, rivers, damsand canals.Traditional Methods ofIrrigationThe water available in wells,lakes and canals is lifted upby different methods indifferent regions, for taking itto the fields.Cattle or human labour isused in these methods. Sothese methods are cheaper,but less efficient. The varioustraditional ways are:(i) moat (pulley-system)(ii) chain pump(iii) dhekli, and(iv) rahat (Lever system).Pumps are commonlyused for lifting water. Diesel,biogas, electricity andsolar energy is used to runthese pumps.Modern Methods ofIrrigationModern methods of irrigationhelp us to use watereconomically.

The mainmethods used are as follows:(i) Sprinkler System: Thissystem is more useful on theuneven land where sufficientwater is not available. Theperpendicular pipes, havingrotating nozzles on top, arejoined to the main pipelineat regular intervals. Whenwater is allowed to flowthrough the main pipe under pressurewith the help of a pump, it escapes fromthe rotating nozzles. It gets sprinkledon the crop as if it is raining.Sprinkler is very useful for lawns, coffeeplantation and several other crops(ii) Drip system: In this system, thewater falls drop by drop directly nearthe roots. So, it is called drip system. Itis the best technique for watering fruitplants, gardens and trees.Water is not wasted at all. It is a boon inregions where availability of water is poor.

Que. 1) Which of the following is NOT an example of source of irrigation?

Que. 2) Which one of the following examples is a traditional method of irrigation?

(a) Sprinkler

(b) Drip system

Que. 3) …………………………………………………………………………………. is used in uneven land where sufficient water is not available and has a rotating nozzle?

(a) Sprinkler system

(b) Pulley system

(d) Chain pump system

Que. 4) Why is irrigation important in crop cultivation?

Que. 5) Explain in detail about the drip irrigation system.

Que. 1) (b) Forest

Que. 2) (d) Dhekli

Que. 3) (a) Sprinkler system

Que. 4) Answer: Irrigation is the process of supplying water to crops at regular intervals. Irrigation is important for the proper growth and development of the plants. Along with water irrigation also helps absorb minerals and fertilisers and also helps in the germination of seeds.

Que. 5) Answer: In the drip irrigation system, water falls drop by drop directly near the roots. It is considered to be a best technique for watering fruit plants, gardens and trees. It reduces wastage of water and ideal for places with poor availability of water.

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Case Study Questions for Class 8 Science Chapter 5 Coal and Petroleum

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