energy crisis in pakistan 2023 essay

Essay on “Energy Crisis in Pakistan” for CSS, PMS, Judiciary Examinations

August 30, 2021
Essay for CSS PMS and Judiciary Exam

This is an essay on “Energy Crisis in Pakistan” for CSS, PMS, and Judiciary Examinations. The energy crisis is the largest single drain on Pakistan’s economy. This crisis stems from a fuel mix transformation initiated two decades ago when power generation came to rely more on imported furnace oil than hydropower. The current energy crisis began to manifest itself in earnest by late 2007. So here is a complete Essay on “Energy Crisis in Pakistan” for CSS, PMS.

Introduction

Energy, demand for all fields
Cheap ways of producing Energy

Causes of Energy Crisis

Lack of dams
Inability to explore coal: 6th largest coal reserves in the world
Lack of renewable energy sources
The problem of circular debt
Losses in transmission and distribution
Wastage of energy
Domestic and household consumption
Aging of the equipment
High cost of fuel
Economic loss
Agricultural loss
Closure of industries
Unemployment
Social issues

Energy Policy (2013-2018)

Suggestions

Alternative sources of Energy

Nuclear power

Building of darns
Long term dams
Medium-term dams
Short term dams

Exploit the coal reserves

Regional gas and oil pipelines

IPI project

TAPI project

Updating the system of transmission and distribution

Essay on “Energy Crisis in Pakistan” for CSS, PMS, Judiciary Examinations

Energy is the lifeline of a nation. The economic engine and the wheels of industry, agriculture, and business need the energy to move forward. Pakistan faces a major energy crisis in natural gas, power, and oil. Power outages usually last 10-12 hours a day in the cities and more in the rural areas. This has left the industries of Pakistan (mainly agricultural, secondary and tertiary sectors) stunned and so they are unable to fully operate.

This has a very negative impact on the economy of the country. The demand for energy in Pakistan is huge, and cannot be fulfilled by electricity production based on oil. It can only meet 20% of our requirement through native production and the remaining oil is imported from the Gulf States and other countries. No major oil, the field has been discovered in the last three decades. It is clear that other alternative production methods must be considered to meet the demand. Most likely one that is cheap, considering the initial setup cost, and costs attached.

The second method of production we use is thermal (i-e using coal to produce electricity). Pakistan has been blessed with wealthy mineral resources, but the sad part is that we are too ign0rant to explore them. We are sitting on gold mines and yet we do nothing about it. Balochistan, for instance, is rich in all sorts of minerals and could be exploited heavily. If we could solve the feudal problems of the provinces, and let the national and international companies explore the area, we might solve our fuel problems too. But this is a precious non-renewable resource, so we need better options.

Another major option is hydroelectric power generation. This is the cheapest and most feasible way of producing electricity for our country. Two major energy dams in Pakistan are Tarbela and Mangla. If only the proposed Kalabagh darn would be constructed, 80% of our energy needs would be fulfilled. The best option is to construct this dam and take advantage of the natural hydrography of Pakistan to the maximum possible extent.

Wind power and solar power generation are good alternatives as well. Their initial costs are low when compared to other methods, and are definitely in the best interests of our country.

Following are the Causes of the Energy Crisis in Pakistan.

In Pakistan, no major dam was constructed after the completion of Mangle and Terbela Dams early I980s. Though the demand for electricity was increasing many governments came and completed their terms but neither government built darns which is the cheapest source of the energy. Pakistan needs to make Kalabagh darn and Basha dams but due to politicization and lack of dedicated politicians, Pakistan is confronting with the problem of the energy crisis. Electricity from hydel cost us Rs. 2-4 rupees per unit.

Pakistan is blessed with a large amount of coal. No serious work is done to explore coal for power generation. This complains that the coal quality is inferior. However, ·ready-made solutions are available to burn any type of coal. The government is looking for the private sector to play its role. In our opinion, the government itself should come forward and install the power plants on the site of coal mines only.

The government is not producing electricity from renewable sources of energy such as wind, solar, tidal, biogas, etc. Though Pakistan has maximum summers suiting for solar energy there are huge taxes which are paid while purchasing this technology. Through solar, Pakistan can produce up to 1,00,000 MW of electricity. Besides, wind energy has the potential of producing 50,000 MW of electricity but Pakistan is not producing from this cheapest source.

If serious work is done then the total shortage can be met from the Hydro and wind power sectors. It is also suggested that small loans should be provided to consumers to install small hydro and solar cells for one family usage of electricity.

One of the main reasons for the serious shortfall in the generation of thermal electricity 1s the problem of the “circular debt” which the present government inherited from the previous regime. In 2007, the government did not compensate the power companies for the subsidy that was being provided to consumers. The power companies in turn could not pay the oil and gas companies, reducing their liquidity to import the furnace oil that was needed to generate electricity.

The interim government , before the elections, in fact, forced the commercial banks to lend Rs34bn to the oil companies whose credit limits were already exhausted. This problem of “circular debt” became more serious in the summer of 2008, as petroleum prices jumped from $100 to $147 a barrel. It is really surprising that this problem has become the main cause of increasing load-shedding but has not so far been addressed on a priority basis. In 2015 the circular debt reached Rs.600 billion.

Very heavy line losses in transmission and distribution because of old and poorly maintained transmission systems, estimated at over 20 percent compared to eight to ten percent in other countries. Large-scale theft of electricity is clearly revealed by the growing difference between units generated or purchased and those paid for.

Wastage of energy by the industry consumes 30 percent of total electricity due to less efficient systems and other practices. For example, the Chinese consume 30 percent less electricity in textile mills because they use water partially heated by solar panels in their boilers. Overuse of energy by the transport sector (consuming 28 percent of total energy) due to old and poorly tuned engines.

Domestic and household consumption which uses 45 percent of total electricity also depicts wasteful and unnecessary uses of lights, air-conditioners, and large-scale illuminations on different occasions. The problems outlined above reveal many structural flaws in our energy system. These include over-dependence on imported energy, inadequate political will, limited financial support and very weak implementation capacity.

One very important reason attributed to this energy shortage is the aging of the generating equipment which could not develop the electricity as per the design requirement. This is the responsibility to continuously updating the equipment and keeping a high standard of maintenance. we sincerely think serious thought should be given for general overhaul and maintenance of existing equipment to keep them in good working order.

So far energy conservation is concerned, newspapers pay lip service in seminars. No serious thought is being given to utilize the energy at the optimum level. A new culture needs to develop to conserve energy. Sometimes on government level illiteracy is blamed for the failure of the energy conservation program. this is not true. Maximum energy is consumed by the elite class which controls all the resources of knowledge and communication. But for their own luxury, they themselves ignore the problem. Government should seriously embark on an energy conservation program.

Following are the effects of the energy crisis in Pakistan.

Energy is pivotal for running all other resources and the crisis of energy directly influences all other sectors of the economy. The economic progress is hampered by a decline in agricultural productivity as well as by halting operations of industries. One important factor of lower GDP and inflation of commodity prices in recent years is attributed to shortfalls in energy supply. Pakistan is facing a high cost of production due to several factors like the energy crisis, the hike in electricity tariff, the increase in interest rate, devaluation of Pakistani rupee, increasing cost of inputs, political instability , removal of subsidy & internal dispute.

Above all factors increase the cost of production which decreases the exports. Exports receipts decrease from$ 10.2B to$ 9.6B. The global recession also hit badly the textile industry. Double-digit inflation also caused a decrease in production in the textile sector.

The agricultural productivity of Pakistan is decreasing due to the provision of energy for running tube wells, agricultural machinery, and the production of fertilizers and pesticides. Thus higher energy means higher agricultural productivity.

Nearly all Industrial units are run with energy and breakage in energy supply is having dire consequences on industrial growth. As a result of the decline in energy supply, industrial units are not only being opened but also the existing industrial units are gradually closing.

By the closure of industrial units and less agricultural productivity, new employment opportunities ceased to exist, and already employed manpower is shredded by the employers to increase their profit ratios. Thus energy crisis contributes to unemployment.

Pakistan’s textile industry is going through one of the toughest periods in decades. The global recession which has hit the global textile really hard is not the only cause for concern. Serious internal issues including the energy crisis affected Pakistan·s textile industry very badly. The high cost of production resulting from an instant rise in energy costs has been the primary cause of concern for the industry.

The depreciation of the Pakistani rupee during last year has significantly raised the cost of imported inputs. Furthermore, double-digit inflation and the high cost of financing have seriously affected the growth in the textile industry. Pakistan’s textile exports in turn have gone down during the last three years as exporters cannot effectively market their products since buyers are not visiting Pakistan due to adverse travel conditions and it is getting more and more difficult for the exporters to travel abroad. Pakistan’s textile industry is lacking in research &development.

The production capability is very low due to obsolete machinery and technology. This factor is primarily related to the domestic usage of energy (cooking, heating, and water provision). Load shedding causes unrest and frustration amongst the people and results in agitation against the government.

The government has finally formulated the much-awaited National Energy Policy 2013-18. Under the policy, power sector subsidy will be phased out by 2018, and load-shedding will be ended by 2017. It aims at generating surplus electricity in 2018, privatizing government-owned power plants and a few power distributing companies (Discos), bringing the double-digit cost of power generation to a single digit, and restructuring the water and power ministry.

National Electric Power Regulatory Authority (Nepra), Oil and Gas Regulatory Authority (OGRA), adjustment of outstanding dues owed by public and private organizations through federal adjusters, and formation of regional transmission and power trading system. The policy comprises seven points envisions a profitable, bankable, and investment-friendly power sector which meets the nation·s needs and boosts its economy in a sustainable and affordable manner while adhering to the most efficient generation, transmission, and distribution standards.

To achieve the long-term vision of the power sector and overcome its challenges, the government has set the following goals: Build a power generation capacity that can meet the country’s energy needs in a sustainable manner; create a culture of energy conservation and responsibility; ensure generation of inexpensive and affordable electricity for domestic, commercial and industrial use; minimize pilferage and adulteration in fuel supply; promote world-class efficiency in power generation; create a c.utting edge transmission network; minimize .financial losses across the systen1, and align the ministries involved in the energy sector and improve governance .

There are Various Methods to Solve the Energy Crisis in Pakistan.

Though wind, Pakistan has potentials of wind energy ranging from 10000 MW to 50000 MW, yet power generation through wind is in initial stages in Pakistan and currently 06 MW has been installed in the first phase in Jhampir through a Turkish company and 50 MW will be installed shortly. More wind power plants will be built in Jhampir, Gharo, Keti Bandar, and Bin Qasim Karachi.

Solar power involves using solar cells to convert sunlight into electricity, using sunlight hitting solar thermal panels to convert sunlight to heat water or air. Pakistan has the potential of more than 100,000 MW from solar energy. The building of solar power plants is underway in Kashmir, Punjab, Sindh, and Balochistan. However, private vendors are importing panels / solar water heaters for consumption in the market.

Alternative Energy Development Board (AEDB) is working for 20,000 solar water heaters in Gilgit Baltistan. Mobile companies have been asked by the government to shift the supply of energy to their transmission towers from petroleum to solar energy panels.

Biomass production involves using garbage or other renewable resources such as sugarcane, corn, or other vegetation to generate electricity. When garbage decomposes, methane is produced and captured in pipes and later burned to produce electricity. Vegetation and wood can be burned directly to generate energy, like fossil fuels, or processed· to form alcohols. Brazil has one of the largest renewable energy programs from biomass/biodiesel in the world, followed by the USA. Alternative Energy Development Board (AEDB) of Pakistan has planned to generate 10 MW of electricity from municipal waste in Karachi followed by similar projects in twenty cities of the country.

Tidal power can be extracted from Moon-gravity-powered tides by locating a water turbine in a tidal current. The turbine can turn an electrical generator, or a gas compressor, that can then store energy until needed. Coastal tides are a source of clean, free, renewable, and sustainable energy. Plans are underway in Pakistan to harness tidal energy; however, no implementation has been made so far.

Nuclear power stations use nuclear fission reactions to generate energy by the reaction of uranium inside a nuclear reactor. Pakistan has a small nuclear power program, with 425 MW capacity, but there are plans to increase this capacity substantially. Since Pakistan is outside the Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty, it is excluded from trade in nuclear plants or materials, which hinders its development of civil nuclear energy. The remaining issues in the development of nuclear energy are an enrichment of uranium from U235 to U238, controlling chain reaction, and dumping of solid waste.

Pakistan has the potential for hydro resources to generate 41000 to 45000 MW, however, only 6555 MW is currently being generated by this important renewable resource. Four large hydropower dams namely Kalabagh 3600 MW, Bhasha 4500 MW, Bunji 5400 MW, and Dasu 3800 MW can be constructed to generate hydroelectricity. Similarly, many small to medium hydro plants can be installed on rivers and canals, etc.

The longer-term solution to the energy crisis will be to restore the hydro-thermal mix to 60:40 or at least 50:50 in the next five years. The Water Accord of 1991 had o~ened the way for constructing many dams to store water and generate electricity. But the continuing controversy over the KalabaghDam became a major obstacle. Surprisingly, even many smaller and non-controversial hydroelectric projects have been delayed without any justification.

The hydel projects in the pipeline include the following: Neelurn Jhelurn (969 MW), Tarbela Fourth Extension (960 MW), SukiKinari (840 MW), Munda Dam (700 MW), Khan Dubar (130 MW), Allai (126 MW), and Jinnah Hydroelectric power project (96 MW).

Pakistan has the world’s sixth-largest reserves of coal, after the recent discoveries in Thar. The total coal reserve in Pakistan is about 175 billion tons. The current coal production is only 3.5 million tons per year, which is mostly used for the brick and cement industry. Coal has typical problems, such as a high sulfur content (it produces sulfur dioxide, the source of acid rain), mineral matter content (leading to ash and pollution problems), carbon dioxide emission (contributing to global warming), and high moisture content.

However, technologies are available to minimize all of these. Conversion technologies are currently under development to convert coal into environmentally-friendly methanol and hydrogen gas to be used as a clean fuel. The US is working on a major initiative called future gen to produce “zero-emission” power plants of the future. Thar coal can be cleaned and the sulfur reduced so that it can be burnt in conventional coal power plants and also convened into gas. Coal gasification is a slightly more expensive process, but the gas from coal is a proven and cleaner technology. The Chinese had prepared a feasibility report in 2005 to produce 3,000 MW at 5.8 cents per unit, but the project could not move forward because they were offered only 5.3 cents.

There are also many possibilities of regional cooperation in building gas and oil pipelines. These include the Iran-Pakistan-India gas pipeline; the Turkmenistan-Afghanistan-Pakistan gas pipeline; an oil, gas, and electricity corridor from Gwadar to Western China, the import of 1,000 MW electricity from Ragun hydro station in Tajikistan for which an agreement was signed in March 1992 at the rate of 3.3 cents per unit.

The worldwide electricity production, as per the World Bank, is as follows; coal: 40 percent; gas 19 percent; nuclear 16 percent; hydro 16 percent; oil seven percent. Pakistan’s power production is gas 48 percent; hydro 33 percent; oil 16 percent; nuclear two percent, and coal 0.2 percent. There has been a global trend to shift away from oil because of its rising price expected to reach $100 a barrel by the end of this year depending on the international geopolitical situation.

Despite the lowest cost of hydroelectric power, there have been environmental, ecological, and geopolitical concerns over the building of large dams. The supply of natural gas in Pakistan has been depleting over the years, and the country is now looking at the option of imponing gas from Qatar and Central Asia. This leaves the possibility of exploring nuclear, coal, and other alternative energy sources.

Nuclear energy and coal form the lowest source of power production in Pakistan. On the other hand, the world average for nuclear energy is 16 percent and for coal 40 percent. Let us first consider these two potential sources of electric power production for Pakistan. The US obtains 20 percent of its electric power from; clear. energy with 104 reactors; France 78 percent with 59 reactors, Japan 24 percent with 54 re~tors, the UK 23 percent with 31 reactors, and so on. Even India has signed a civilian nuclear cooperation agreement with the United States to develop its nuclear capability for power generation and economic development . It has currently six reactors in operation with a capacity of 3750 MW, and another six with a capacity of 3,340 MW are under construction.

The new agreement will further boost the nuclear power generating capacity of India. Today, nuclear power plants have average capacities of 600-1,000 MW. Pakistan only produces two percent of its power through two reactors (Karachi and Chashrna at 137 MW and 300 MW respectively). Pakistan is a nuclear technologically advanced country with capabilities to produce fuel, yet falls behind most other countries, including India, in terms of nuclear power production. The US introduces 51 percent of its power using coal, Poland 96 percent, South Africa 94 percent, India 68 percent, Australia 77 percent, China 79 percent, Israel 77 percent, UK 35 percent, Japan 28 percent, while Pakistan produces only 0.2 percent of its power through coal.

In Pakistan, smaller windmills are now visible, such as the ones at Gharo, where SZABIST set up an experimental research station many years ago. The Sindh government has recently announced plans to build a 50 MW wind farm in the vicinity of the coastal region at Gharo. Solar power (photovoltaic or thermal) is another alternative energy source option that is generally considered feasible for tropical and equatorial countries. Even though the accepted standard is 1,000 W/m2 of peak power at sea level, an average solar panel (or photovoltaic – PV – panel), delivers an average of only 19- 56W/m2. Solar plants are generally used in cases where smaller amounts of power are required at remote locations. PV is also the most expensive of all options making it less attractive.

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Energy Crisis in Pakistan Essay: A Looming Challenge

October 18, 2023

Energy plays a fundamental role in any nation’s progress, and Pakistan is no exception. In recent decades, Pakistan has been grappling with a severe energy crisis that has had far-reaching consequences on its economy, society, and environment. This essay delves into the intricacies of the energy crisis in Pakistan, its root causes, and the profound impact it has on the nation. Moreover, it outlines potential solutions, examines case studies from around the world, and sheds light on the challenges that impede progress. By the end, we aim to provide a comprehensive understanding of the energy crisis in Pakistan and the steps needed to address it.

Causes of the Energy Crisis

Impact on the economy, society, and environment, the role of different energy sources, government policies and initiatives, effects on industries and manufacturing, impact on household and agriculture, unemployment and economic instability, energy affordability and access for the poor, air pollution and greenhouse gas emissions, water usage and contamination, ecological impact of energy projects, potential for renewable energy development, researched and statical data, improving energy efficiency and conservation, diversifying the energy mix, enhancing the energy infrastructure, reducing transmission and distribution losses, encouraging private sector involvement, promoting renewable energy sources, policy reforms and regulatory changes, examining successful energy initiatives in other countries, political challenges, economic constraints, technological limitations, public awareness and participation, anticipated improvements in pakistan’s energy sector, the role of innovation and technology, long-term energy sustainability goals, historical perspective on pakistan’s energy situation.

To comprehend the current energy crisis in Pakistan, it’s essential to trace its historical evolution. Over the years, Pakistan has faced a growing demand for energy, driven by its burgeoning population and industrialization. Initially, the country had a relatively stable energy sector. However, several factors contributed to the eventual crisis.

The energy crisis in Pakistan can be attributed to a multitude of factors:

Insufficient Energy Production : One of the primary causes is the inability to generate an adequate amount of energy to meet the increasing demand. This stems from a lack of investment in the energy sector and outdated power generation facilities.
Transmission and Distribution Losses : A significant portion of the energy generated is lost due to inefficient transmission and distribution systems. This not only exacerbates the crisis but also strains the economy.
Dependence on Non-Renewable Energy Sources : Pakistan heavily relies on non-renewable energy sources, primarily fossil fuels, such as coal, natural gas, and oil. The dependence on these finite resources makes the energy sector vulnerable to price fluctuations and supply disruptions.
Economic and Political Factors : Economic challenges, including circular debt in the energy sector, have impeded progress. Political factors, such as policy inconsistency and governance issues, have also played a detrimental role.

The energy crisis has far-reaching consequences:

Economic Impact : Frequent power outages disrupt industrial operations and lead to financial losses. This hampers economic growth, foreign investment, and job creation.
Social Implications : Households and agricultural activities suffer due to power cuts, impacting the quality of life. Access to reliable energy becomes a privilege, rather than a basic necessity.
Environmental Consequences : Overreliance on fossil fuels results in air pollution and greenhouse gas emissions. Furthermore, energy projects often have adverse ecological effects.

The energy crisis in Pakistan is a complex issue with multifaceted causes and consequences. Addressing it requires a comprehensive understanding of the nation’s energy landscape.

Energy Demand and Supply Gap

As of the present day, Pakistan continues to grapple with a significant energy demand and supply gap. The rapidly growing population and increasing industrialization have driven up the need for electricity and other forms of energy. Unfortunately, the country’s energy production has not kept pace with this rising demand.

To understand the current energy scenario, it’s essential to examine the role of various energy sources:

Fossil Fuels : Pakistan predominantly relies on fossil fuels for its energy needs. Coal, natural gas, and oil power a significant portion of the country’s energy grid. However, this dependence on non-renewable sources makes Pakistan vulnerable to international price fluctuations and supply disruptions.
Renewable Energy : Although Pakistan has made strides in harnessing renewable energy sources such as hydro, wind, and solar power, their contribution to the overall energy mix remains relatively small. Embracing renewable energy is pivotal to achieving a more sustainable and diversified energy landscape.

The Pakistani government has taken several steps to address the energy crisis:

Power Generation Projects : Various power generation projects have been initiated to increase the capacity and reduce the demand-supply gap. Investments in modern and efficient power plants have been made.
Energy Conservation Measures : Efforts to promote energy conservation and efficiency include encouraging the use of energy-efficient appliances, improving building codes, and implementing energy-saving practices in industries.
International Collaborations : Pakistan has sought international assistance and collaborations to bolster its energy sector. Agreements with other countries for the construction of power plants and infrastructure development have been established.

Despite these initiatives, the energy crisis persists, and comprehensive measures are required to bridge the gap between demand and supply.

Socioeconomic Consequences

we will explore the socioeconomic consequences of the energy crisis in Pakistan and its environmental implications, shedding light on the multifaceted nature of the problem and its pervasive impact on society and nature.

The energy crisis in Pakistan has taken a heavy toll on the industrial and manufacturing sectors. Power outages disrupt production processes, leading to financial losses and hampering economic growth. Industries struggle to meet deadlines, which can deter foreign investment and hinder the creation of new job opportunities. As a result, the lack of reliable energy has become a significant roadblock to industrial development and economic stability.

For the average citizen in Pakistan, the energy crisis translates into daily inconveniences. Frequent power cuts disrupt daily life, affecting everything from household chores to education and entertainment. In rural areas, where agriculture is a vital source of livelihood, irregular access to electricity impedes irrigation and the use of modern farming equipment. Crop yields are affected, leading to food security concerns.

The energy crisis also has repercussions on employment. Reduced industrial output and limited job opportunities in the manufacturing sector have contributed to unemployment. Moreover, the economic instability resulting from the crisis discourages investment and business growth, further exacerbating the unemployment issue.

Energy affordability is a critical concern. As energy costs rise due to the energy crisis, the poorest segments of the population struggle to meet their basic energy needs. Access to electricity and clean cooking fuels remains a challenge for many, perpetuating poverty and inequality.

The socioeconomic consequences of the energy crisis in Pakistan are profound and multifaceted, affecting individuals, industries, and the nation’s overall economic stability.

Environmental Implications

In the following we will delve into the environmental implications, including air pollution, water usage, and ecological impact, which are an integral part of this crisis.

One of the most pressing concerns related to Pakistan’s energy crisis is the environmental impact. The heavy reliance on fossil fuels, especially in the power generation sector, leads to significant air pollution. Emissions of particulate matter, sulfur dioxide, and nitrogen oxides from these sources contribute to poor air quality in many urban areas.

The emission of greenhouse gases, such as carbon dioxide, from the burning of fossil fuels exacerbates global climate change. Pakistan, like the rest of the world, is experiencing the consequences of a changing climate, including more frequent and severe weather events.

Energy production in Pakistan often involves water-intensive processes. Hydroelectric power generation, for example, relies on water reservoirs, which can impact local ecosystems and water availability. Additionally, the extraction and processing of fossil fuels can contaminate water sources, posing risks to both the environment and public health.

Large-scale energy projects, whether they involve the construction of dams for hydroelectric power or coal-fired power plants, often have direct ecological consequences. Dams can alter river ecosystems and impact aquatic life, while coal mining and power plants can lead to deforestation, habitat destruction, and long-term environmental degradation.

Transitioning to renewable energy sources offers a path to mitigate many of these environmental concerns. Solar, wind, and hydroelectric power have a significantly lower environmental footprint compared to fossil fuels. Embracing these sustainable alternatives can reduce air pollution, water usage, and ecological impact while also contributing to a more sustainable energy future.

Pakistan has been facing an energy crisis for over a decade, which has had a significant impact on the country’s economy and people’s livelihoods [4] . Here are some researched and statistical data related to the Pakistan energy crisis:

Pakistan started to face severe electricity shortages in 2006, which have worsened over time [1].
Pakistan’s electricity shortfall is currently around 5,000 megawatts (MW) per day, and the gas shortfall is 2 billion cubic feet per day [5] .
The energy crisis has been a major drag on the economy, with an estimated cost of 10% of the GDP over the past 5 years [4].
The energy shortages are estimated to cost around 2% of GDP annually [5].
The electricity demand in Pakistan has been increasing rapidly, and the country does not produce enough energy to meet demand [3].
The renewable energy sector in Pakistan has been growing, and it has been suggested as a remedy for the energy crisis [1].
Pakistan has a significant potential for renewable energy, including solar, wind, and hydropower [4].
The government of Pakistan has been pursuing short-, medium-, and long-term solutions to address the energy crisis [3].
The energy crisis in Pakistan has been a possible source of regional conflict [3].
https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/11/9/2424
https://www.iea.org/countries/pakistan
https://www.usip.org/sites/default/files/PW79_Pakistans_Energy_Crisis.pdf
https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/16/1/423
https://www.usip.org/sites/default/files/SR375-Pakistans-Power-Crisis-The-Way-Forward.pdf

[1] https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/11/9/2424 [2] https://www.iea.org/countries/pakistan [3] https://www.usip.org/sites/default/files/PW79_Pakistans_Energy_Crisis.pdf [4] https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/16/1/423 [5] https://www.usip.org/sites/default/files/SR375-Pakistans-Power-Crisis-The-Way-Forward.pdf [6] https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2211467X2200013X

Solutions and Recommendations

In the following, we will explore potential solutions to the energy crisis in Pakistan, including strategies to improve energy efficiency, diversify the energy mix, enhance infrastructure, and promote renewable energy sources. Addressing these environmental concerns is an integral part of any comprehensive solution to the crisis.

Efforts to improve energy efficiency and conservation are pivotal in addressing the energy crisis. This includes:

Promoting Energy-Efficient Technologies : Encouraging the use of energy-efficient appliances, industrial processes, and building designs can significantly reduce energy consumption.
Energy Audits and Management : Conducting energy audits and implementing effective energy management systems in industries and institutions can identify areas of waste and inefficiency.

To reduce Pakistan’s vulnerability to fossil fuel price fluctuations and supply disruptions, diversification of the energy mix is essential. This involves:

Expanding Renewable Energy : Scaling up the use of renewable energy sources like solar, wind, and hydropower can provide a more stable and sustainable energy supply.
Nuclear Energy : Exploring the potential for nuclear energy can provide a reliable source of power, though this comes with its own set of challenges, including safety and waste management.

Investing in infrastructure improvements is crucial for ensuring a reliable energy supply. This includes:

Upgrading Transmission and Distribution Systems : Reducing losses in the transmission and distribution of electricity can help bridge the demand-supply gap.
Grid Modernization : Implementing a modern smart grid system can improve energy distribution and reduce waste.

A significant portion of the energy crisis is due to losses in the transmission and distribution of electricity. Measures to address this issue include:

Technical Upgrades : Modernizing and upgrading the existing infrastructure to minimize losses.
Loss Monitoring and Management : Implementing systems to continuously monitor and manage losses to prevent theft and inefficiencies.

The private sector can play a crucial role in addressing the energy crisis. The government should create an enabling environment for private investment by offering incentives and removing regulatory barriers.

Government policies should encourage and support the growth of renewable energy:

Incentives : Providing financial incentives, such as tax breaks and subsidies, to entities investing in renewable energy projects.
Net Metering : Implementing net metering policies to allow individuals and businesses to feed excess renewable energy back into the grid.

Addressing the energy crisis in Pakistan requires significant policy reforms:

Energy Pricing : Rationalizing energy prices to reflect true costs can reduce inefficiency and wastage.
Policy Consistency : Ensuring consistency in energy policies to attract investment and promote long-term planning.

Case Studies

In the following, we will explore international case studies to draw valuable lessons from successful energy initiatives around the world. These lessons can provide valuable insights for Pakistan as it works towards addressing its energy crisis.

To address the energy crisis in Pakistan, it’s valuable to draw insights from successful energy initiatives in other nations. Several countries have effectively managed their energy challenges and can serve as models for Pakistan’s energy reform efforts.

Germany’s Energiewende : Germany’s transition to renewable energy, known as “Energiewende,” has shown that a commitment to renewables and energy efficiency can reduce carbon emissions and create a sustainable energy future.
China’s Renewable Energy Expansion : China’s aggressive investment in renewable energy, particularly in solar and wind, demonstrates the potential for rapid growth in these sectors.
Norway’s Hydroelectric Power : Norway’s extensive use of hydroelectric power provides a model for effective utilization of renewable energy sources, which Pakistan can also tap into given its geographical features.
South Korea’s Nuclear Energy : South Korea’s experience in developing and managing nuclear power can offer insights into safe and efficient nuclear energy utilization.

By studying these case studies and adopting successful strategies, Pakistan can chart a more sustainable and resilient energy future.

Challenges and Barriers

In this we will delve into the challenges and barriers that impede Pakistan’s progress in addressing the energy crisis. Understanding these challenges is crucial to developing effective solutions.

Political instability, lack of consensus on energy policies, and reluctance to implement necessary reforms can hinder progress. Addressing these issues requires strong leadership and bipartisan cooperation.

The economic challenges associated with circular debt, subsidies, and financial mismanagement in the energy sector are significant hurdles. Resolving these issues will require careful financial planning and structural reforms.

The outdated infrastructure and technology in the energy sector need substantial upgrades. Embracing modern technology and innovation is vital to enhancing efficiency and reducing losses.

Engaging the public in energy conservation and sustainable practices is essential. Public awareness campaigns and education can foster a culture of responsible energy use.

Future Outlook

In the final we will explore the future outlook for Pakistan’s energy sector, highlighting anticipated improvements, the role of innovation and technology, and long-term energy sustainability goals.

Despite the formidable challenges, there is room for optimism regarding Pakistan’s energy future. Several developments are expected to improve the energy landscape in the coming years:

Investment : Increasing domestic and foreign investments in the energy sector, coupled with better financial management, can help alleviate economic constraints and spur infrastructure development.
Policy Reforms : Ongoing policy reforms and consistency in energy policies can provide a conducive environment for the private sector and facilitate the transition to cleaner and more sustainable energy sources.
Technological Advancements : The integration of advanced technologies, such as smart grids and energy storage solutions, can enhance the efficiency and reliability of energy distribution.
International Support : Collaborations with other nations and international organizations can bring expertise, funding, and technical assistance to Pakistan’s energy projects.

Innovation and technology will play a pivotal role in shaping Pakistan’s energy sector:

Renewable Energy Innovations : Advances in solar and wind energy technologies are making these sources more affordable and efficient, making them increasingly viable for Pakistan’s energy needs.
Smart Grids and Energy Storage : Smart grid technology can improve the management and distribution of energy, while energy storage solutions can help mitigate supply challenges.
Clean Energy Research : Ongoing research into cleaner and more efficient energy production methods can accelerate Pakistan’s transition towards a more sustainable energy mix.

Looking ahead, Pakistan must establish long-term sustainability goals for its energy sector:

Reducing Emissions : Committing to lower greenhouse gas emissions through the increased use of renewables and more efficient energy generation methods.
Energy Access for All : Ensuring universal access to reliable and affordable energy, particularly for the underprivileged, is a crucial long-term goal.
Resource Diversification : A diversified energy mix that reduces reliance on fossil fuels and promotes renewables is pivotal for long-term sustainability.

The energy crisis in Pakistan is a complex challenge with profound implications. However, with a strategic approach that includes policy reforms, technological innovation, and international collaboration, Pakistan can transition towards a more sustainable, reliable, and efficient energy system that benefits its economy, society, and environment. It is imperative for the nation to work towards these goals to secure a brighter energy future for its citizens.

Welcome to the official author account of words.pk! I am a passionate writer and researcher who loves exploring the rich and diverse culture of Pakistan. Through my writing, I aim to showcase the beauty and complexity of this vibrant nation, from its history and traditions to its art, music, cuisine, and more. With years of experience in blogging, and content creation, I have honed my skills in storytelling and crafting compelling narratives that captivate readers

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16 December 2022

Energy crisis: five questions that must be answered in 2023

Andreas Goldthau 0 &
Simone Tagliapietra 1

Andreas Goldthau is a professor at the Willy Brandt School of Public Policy, University of Erfurt, Germany, and research group lead at the Institute for Advanced Sustainability Studies, Potsdam, Germany.

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Simone Tagliapietra is a senior fellow at Bruegel, Brussels, Belgium, and a professor of energy, climate and environmental policy at the Catholic University of Sacred Heart, Milan, Italy.

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Energy markets have been on a roller-coaster ride this year. In response to Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, Western countries imposed financial sanctions on Russia and embargoed its oil exports. Russia cut its gas supplies to Europe in retaliation. Major importers such as Germany had to slash their energy use and look elsewhere for supplies. Low- and middle-income nations struggled to access affordable energy. Countries including Pakistan, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka faced blackouts; fuel price hikes spilled over into food markets.

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Today's Paper | May 09, 2024

Navigating pakistan’s energy transition.

Amidst the challenges of soaring energy prices, escalating impacts of climate change, and economic hurdles, Pakistan confronts a complex trilemma encapsulated by the three interlinked challenges of energy, environment, and economy. Presently, the country is grappling with inflated energy costs due to imported fuels, worsening local air pollution, economic instability, and challenges in delivering reliable electricity to a burgeoning population.

This complex interplay of issues calls for deep introspection into major loopholes in the current policy framework and the holistic development of sustainable policies to address the multifaceted crisis of energy, environment, and economy.

An imperative at this critical juncture is a paradigm shift towards a sustainable and indigenous solution through a transition to clean energy for sustainable progress. This pivotal step not only fosters economic growth but also enhances energy security and ensures environmental sustainability.

In the Green Future Index (2023) by MIT Technology Review, Pakistan is ranked 67th among 76 countries, dropping from its 55th position in 2022. The index evaluates the countries across five key pillars: carbon emission reduction, energy transition, green society, clean innovation, and climate policy.

The focus has traditionally remained on capacity expansion rather than conservation, resulting in increased capacity payments and inefficient energy use

According to the World Economic Forum’s June 2023 report on Fostering Effective Energy Transition, Pakistan holds the 107th position out of 120 countries in the Energy Transition Index (ETI), with 46.9 ETI score for 2014-2023.

These indices highlight a lack of sufficient initiatives aligning with the county’s commitment to energy transition efforts, which calls for accelerating its clean energy transition. This not only helps curb carbon emissions but also offers substantial long-term socioeconomic benefits through reduced energy generation and consumption costs.

In this regard, the country needs to strategically shift Pakistan’s energy mix by reducing reliance on imported fossil fuels, prioritising renewable energy, enhancing policy support for renewables, and promoting the local manufacturing of energy goods for greater use of indigenous resources.

This energy transition demands finance mobilisation for developing countries such as Pakistan, fostering both technology transfer and indigenous development.

Pakistan is blessed with huge renewable energy potential to generate clean energy, but the ageing power grid infrastructure with limited network capacity is a major bottleneck to supporting the integration of renewables while maintaining grid stability.

In order to enable the power grid to evacuate power from both renewable and non-renewable energy projects, more investment is needed to upgrade the power network infrastructure, including its modernisation and digitalisation.

Energy storage is also vital for a renewable-powered energy future. It bridges the gap between intermittent renewable energy generation and stable energy demand in terms of energy supply and grid reliability.

Nowadays, batteries have gained considerable ground as they power many of the technologies that will enable the transition towards net zero. Research, development, and infrastructure investments in energy storage are vital for the widespread adoption of renewable energy.

When it comes to electrifying remote regions, decentralised renewable energy systems (off-grid energy schemes, mini/microgrids) are considered to be a promising alternative in pursuit of a sustainable society. They benefit the underprivileged communities trapped in energy poverty.

Energy efficiency has also gained global attention among policymakers in recognition of its pivotal role in enhancing energy security, affordability and environmental sustainability. Addressing Pakistan’s energy challenges also requires a strategic shift towards energy efficiency.

In response to growing energy demand, the focus has traditionally remained on capacity expansion rather than conservation. This approach has led to increased capacity payments and inefficient energy use.

Enhancing energy efficiency presents a significant opportunity to curtail energy imports, offering a cost-effective solution to address national energy challenges. This approach not only mitigates environmental concerns but also eases production costs and fosters economic growth.

The International Energy Agency (IEC) reveals that energy efficiency, the ‘first fuel’ in clean energy transitions, offers swift, cost-effective CO2 mitigation, reducing energy bills and enhancing energy security.

Institute for European Energy and Climate Policy (IEECP) released a recent study, ‘’Out of sight, out of mind: let’s make energy efficiency visible in the energy mix’’. If something isn’t visible, it won’t be prioritised — which is one of the reasons energy efficiency does not come first in planning, policy-making and investment.

For energy efficiency to be considered on a level playing field with other energy resources, energy efficiency improvements need to be monitored, and then energy efficiency data needs to be integrated into the overall energy picture.

The energy transition will also open doors for green job creation, enable businesses, attract foreign investment and stimulate economic growth.

As a climate-vulnerable nation, Pakistan can mobilise substantial global funding under a ‘Just Energy Transition Partnerships (JETPs)’. These partnerships facilitate targeted and catalytic funding, mobilising resources from various channels to support the energy transition.

This requires a comprehensive action plan based on a holistic approach, along with clear targets, timelines, policy continuity, and stakeholder engagement. In this way, Pakistan can pave the way for a sustainable and green energy future.

The writer is research scholar at MUET Jamshoro. Email: [email protected]

Published in Dawn, The Business and Finance Weekly, December 18th, 2023

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Pakistan's Interminable Energy Crisis: Is There Any Way Out?

Pakistan is convulsed by power shortages that at times have approached 50 percent of national demand. And yet the country's energy problems are arguably rooted more in shortages of governance than of pure supply. It is a complicated crisis that threatens Pakistan's economy and its precarious security situation, while also deleteriously affecting the lives of everyday residents across the board. This new publication offers a series of recommendations to ease one of Pakistan's most serious and intractable challenges.

Download the full publication here.

Michael Kugelman

Contributors, javed akbar, ziad alahdad, shannon grewer, robert lesnick, khalid mansoor, musadik malik, nargis sethi, indo-pacific program.

The Indo-Pacific Program promotes policy debate and intellectual discussions on US interests in the Asia-Pacific as well as political, economic, security, and social issues relating to the world’s most populous and economically dynamic region. Read more

Explore More

Unveiling Pakistan’s Energy Crisis: Causes And Solutions

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Roots of the Energy Crisis in Pakistan

Unaffordable Energy Mix
High Circular Debt in the Energy Sector
Lack of Political Consensus
Poor Economic Growth
Energy Theft

Addressing Pakistan's Energy Crisis: A Path to Sustainable Solutions and Power Sector Reform

Investment in Renewable Energy Sources

Conclusion:

Geothermal Renewable Energy And Pakistan's Power Crisis

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Pakistan Energy Crisis; Causes, Consequences and Solutions

January 20, 2023
Pakistan Energy Crisis; Causes ...

Table of Contents

Pakistan has been facing an energy crisis for several years. The main causes of the crisis include a lack of investment in new power generation capacity, outdated and inefficient power plants, and inadequate transmission and distribution infrastructure. Additionally, the country has long struggled with issues of energy theft and non-payment of bills by consumers.

The crisis has led to frequent power outages, which have negatively impacted economic growth and the daily lives of citizens. The government has taken steps to address the crisis, such as investing in new power generation projects and implementing policies to reduce energy theft, but more work needs to be done to fully resolve the issue.

Causes of Energy Crisis in Pakistan

The energy crisis in Pakistan is caused by a combination of factors, including:

Insufficient power generation capacity: Pakistan has not invested enough in new power generation projects, leading to a shortage of electricity.
Inefficient power plants: A large portion of Pakistan’s power generation capacity is from old and inefficient power plants, which consume more fuel and produce less electricity.
Transmission and distribution losses: The transmission and distribution infrastructure in Pakistan is inadequate and outdated, leading to significant losses of electricity during transmission and distribution.
Power theft and non-payment of bills: Power theft is a major problem in Pakistan, as is the non-payment of bills by consumers. This leads to a financial crisis for power companies, which then struggle to generate enough revenue to maintain and expand their operations.
Fuel shortages: Pakistan has been facing fuel shortages for power generation, which leads to power outages and load shedding.
Dependence on oil-based power generation: Pakistan is highly dependent on oil-based power generation, which makes it vulnerable to fluctuations in global oil prices.
Water scarcity: Pakistan has been facing water scarcity which leads to the non-availability of water to run hydro-power stations at full capacity.
Political instability: Political instability and lack of continuity in policies have led to the neglect of power projects and lack of investment.

Overall, resolving the energy crisis in Pakistan will require a combination of short-term solutions, such as increasing power generation capacity and reducing transmission and distribution losses, as well as longer-term solutions, such as investing in renewable energy sources and improving the overall efficiency of the power sector.

Consequences of Energy Crisis in Pakistan

The energy crisis in Pakistan has had a number of negative consequences for the country and its citizens:

Economic damage: The energy crisis has had a significant negative impact on Pakistan’s economy. Businesses have been forced to close or scale back operations due to power outages, and the lack of reliable electricity has made it difficult for industries to operate at full capacity.
Reduced quality of life: Power outages have caused inconvenience and hardship for citizens, particularly during the hot summer months. Inadequate access to electricity has also made it difficult for people to access basic services such as education and healthcare.
Increased poverty: The energy crisis has contributed to increased poverty in Pakistan, as many people have lost their jobs or seen their incomes reduced due to power outages and the resulting economic damage.
Environmental damage: The energy crisis has led to increased use of fossil fuels and wood-burning for power generation, which has contributed to air and water pollution and deforestation.
Reduced foreign investment: The energy crisis has led to reduced foreign investment in Pakistan, as investors are deterred by the lack of reliable electricity and other infrastructure.
Loss of competitiveness: Pakistan’s energy crisis has led to increased production costs, which has resulted in reduced competitiveness in international markets.
Political instability: The energy crisis has led to social unrest and protests against the government.
Dependence on imports: Pakistan’s energy crisis has led to increased dependence on imported energy, which has strained the country’s balance of payments and further weakened its economy.

Overall, the energy crisis in Pakistan has had a wide-reaching and negative impact on the country’s economy and society, and resolving the crisis will be crucial for achieving long-term economic growth and development.

Solutions of the Energy Crisis in Pakistan

There are a number of potential solutions to the energy crisis in Pakistan, including:

Increasing power generation capacity: Pakistan needs to invest in new power generation projects, such as building new power plants and expanding existing ones, in order to increase the country’s overall power generation capacity.
Developing renewable energy sources: Pakistan should invest in renewable energy sources such as solar and wind power to reduce its dependence on fossil fuels and to lower its greenhouse gas emissions.
Improving the efficiency of power plants: Pakistan should invest in upgrading its existing power plants to increase their efficiency and reduce the amount of fuel they consume.
Upgrading transmission and distribution infrastructure: Pakistan should improve its transmission and distribution infrastructure to reduce losses of electricity during transmission and distribution, which will improve the overall efficiency of the power sector.
Reducing power theft and non-payment of bills: The government should implement policies and measures to reduce power theft and improve bill collection to make the power sector financially stable.
Increasing water storage: Pakistan should invest in increasing water storage capacity, so that water can be stored during the monsoon season and used to generate power during the dry season.
Improving energy conservation: Pakistan should invest in energy conservation measures, such as promoting energy-efficient appliances and buildings, to reduce the overall demand for electricity.
Diversifying energy mix: To reduce dependence on oil-based power generation and to decrease the impact of fluctuation of oil prices, the government should invest in diversifying the energy mix to include coal, hydro, nuclear, and renewable energy.
Improving governance: The government should work on improving governance by promoting transparency and accountability in the power sector and ensuring continuity in policies.

Implementing these solutions will require significant investment, political will and strong governance. Additionally, it will take time to see the results and to fully resolve the energy crisis in Pakistan.

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Press Release No. 24/130

Imf executive board completes second and final review of the stand-by arrangement for pakistan.

April 29, 2024

The IMF Executive Board completed the second review under the Stand-By Arrangement (SBA) for Pakistan, allowing for an immediate disbursement of SDR 828 million (around $1.1 billion), bringing total disbursements under the arrangement to SDR 2.250 billion (about $3 billion).
The completion of the second and final review reflects the authorities’ stronger policy efforts under the SBA, which have supported the stabilization of the economy and the return of modest growth.
To move Pakistan from stabilization to a strong and sustainable recovery the authorities need to continue their policy and reform efforts, including strict adherence to fiscal targets while protecting the vulnerable; a market-determined exchange rate to absorb external shocks; and broadening of structural reforms to support stronger and more inclusive growth.

Washington, DC: Today, the Executive Board of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) completed the second and final review of Pakistan’s economic reform program supported by the IMF’s Stand-By Arrangement (SBA). The Board’s decision allows for an immediate disbursement of SDR 828 million (around $1.1 billion), bringing total disbursements under the arrangement to SDR 2.250 billion (about $3 billion).

Pakistan’s 9-month SBA, approved by the Executive Board on July 12, 2023, successfully provided a policy anchor to address domestic and external imbalances as well as a framework for financial support from multilateral and bilateral partners. The program focused on (i) necessary fiscal adjustment and maintenance of debt sustainability via FY24 budget implementation; (ii) protection of critical social spending; (iii) buffering external shocks and eliminating FX shortages by returning to proper FX market functioning; (iv) making progress on disinflation by maintaining a tight monetary policy; and (v) furthering progress on structural reforms, focused on energy sector viability, SOE governance, and climate resilience.

Macroeconomic conditions have improved over the course of the program. Growth of 2 percent is expected in FY24 given continued recovery in the second half of the fiscal year. The fiscal position continues to strengthen with a primary surplus of 1.8 percent of GDP achieved in the first half of fiscal year 2024, well ahead of projections and putting Pakistan on track to achieve its end-FY24 target primary surplus of 0.4 percent of GDP. Inflation, while still elevated, continues to decline, and, with appropriately tight, data-driven monetary policy maintained, is expected to reach around 20 percent by end-June. Assuming ongoing sound policies and reform efforts, inflation should return to the SBP’s target with growth continuing to strengthen over the medium term. Gross reserves have increased to around $8 billion, up from $4.5 billion at the start of the program, and are projected to continue being rebuilt over the medium term.

Following the Executive Board discussion, Antoinette Sayeh, Deputy Managing Director and Chair, made the following statement:

“Pakistan’s determined policy efforts under the 2023 Stand‑By Arrangement (SBA) have brought progress in restoring economic stability. Moderate growth has returned; external pressures have eased; and while still elevated, inflation has begun to decline. Given the significant challenges ahead, Pakistan should capitalize on this hard‑won stability, persevering—beyond the current arrangement—with sound macroeconomic policies and structural reforms to create stronger, inclusive, and sustainable growth. Continued external support will also be critical.

“The authorities’ revenue performance, as well as federal spending restraint, helped achieve a sizeable primary surplus in the first half of FY2024, in line with program targets. Continued revenue mobilization efforts and spending discipline at both federal and provincial levels remain critical to ensure that the primary surplus target is achieved. Beyond FY2024, continued fiscal sustainability and additional space for social and development spending depend on further mobilizing revenues, especially from non‑filers and undertaxed sectors, and on improving public financial management.”

“The authorities have stabilized the energy sector’s circular debt over the course of the SBA through timely tariff adjustments and enhanced collection efforts. While these actions need to continue, it is also critical that the authorities undertake cost‑side reforms to address the sector’s underlying issues and viability.

“The State Bank of Pakistan’s tight monetary policy stance remains appropriate until inflation returns to more moderate levels. Further improvements in the functioning of the foreign exchange (FX) market, together with a market‑determined exchange rate, will help buffer external shocks and attract financing, thereby supporting competitiveness and growth. The significant rebuilding of FX reserves under the SBA needs to continue. Moreover, stronger action to address undercapitalized financial institutions and, more broadly, vigilance over the financial sector are needed to ensure financial stability.

“Achieving strong, long‑term inclusive growth and creating jobs require accelerating structural reforms and continued protection of the most vulnerable through an adequately‑financed Benazir Income Support Program. Priorities include advancing the reform of state-owned enterprises (SOEs), including to ensure that all SOEs fall under the new policy framework; strengthening governance and anti‑corruption institutions; and continuing to build climate resilience.”

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Energy crisis in Pakistan and its possible solutions, causes, and effects?

April 15, 2023
Daily Write-Ups , Featured
41432 Views

The following article is written by Maryam Khan , a student of Sir Syed Kazim Ali . Moreover, the article is written on the same pattern, taught by Sir to his students, scoring the highest marks in compulsory subjects for years. Sir Kazim has uploaded his students’ solved past paper questions so other thousands of aspirants can understand how to crack a topic or question, how to write relevantly, what coherence is, and how to include and connect ideas, opinions, and suggestions to score the maximum.

Introduction

The energy crisis is one of the crucial issues which have been faced not only by Pakistan but also the other counties around the globe.

Current situation:-

8-10 hours of load shedding
Shortage of about 7500 megawatt

How the current state of energy in Pakistan is affecting its economy?

✓ Use of old technology
✓ Excessive use of energy
✓ Negligence of government
✓ Over population
✓ No utilization of natural resources

What are the impacts of the energy crisis?

✓ Economic instability
✓ Unemployment
✓Increase in load shedding
✓Time wasting

Remedies to encounter this issue

✓ Implementation of advanced technology
✓Overcome the excessive use of energy
✓Effective policies by the government for check-balance
✓Population must be controlled
✓Make use of natural resources
✓Scheduled distribution of electricity
✓Dam Formation

Conclusions

The energy crisis is a critical issue in today’s world. This issue is restricted to Pakistan alone and many other countries that come under its influence. Besides this, Pakistan is one of the countries which face the massive outrage of energy crisis over the last twenty years. This badly affects its economy on so many levels. Unfortunately, this is the result of the Pakistani Government’s negligence. Apart from this, no one ever brings this issue to light from the previous governments. So no proper steps were ever taken to minimize it earlier. However, if the government ever pays any heed to this issue, they will surely bring some improvements till now. Additionally, just by tackling this issue efficiently, massive improvements will be noticed in economic growth. Nonetheless, it’s never too late to take the initiatives to overcome any problem. Moreover, if the government wants to minimize this issue, it will surely do just by making effective policies and implementing them accordingly.

Since every issue has a cause, the negligence of the previous government is considered a root cause of energy crisis issues. Now, the new government finds it challenging and rather hard to regulate it properly. The population is continuously rising along with the number of new businesses as electricity is a fundamental demand in this way the usage of it increasing massively. However, this becomes a serious cause which affects everyone’s life in one way or another. Despite this critical issue, the government has not demonstrated any interest in resolving it. And because of this dry conduct, the problem escalates to the point where it is permanent.

Additionally, the government’s unwillingness to build dams is another significant contributor to the country’s energy crisis. It sounds that either the government is not aware of how to best utilize natural resources. Like every year, a large amount of water is wasted in the country when it could be stored in dams and used to produce power. No, our government is not even taking this into consideration. Building dams will not only help the country generate more power, but it will also help to minimize the danger of floods. Furthermore, using outdated technology really damages production, which reflects the slow progress.

Similarly, there are multiple reasons for this cause because every factor harms the nation’s reputation and unstable its economy. Everyone is accountable for this cause because everyone has contributed in their own unique way. People are wasting electricity, there is no check and balance in the workplace, and nobody cares about looking after their country. To overcome this cause, everyone should play their part; as someone said, “If everyone is moving forward together, then success takes care of itself. Every issue can be resolved just by taking some good and effective initiatives towards it collectively.

As every crisis comes up with some aftereffects, load shedding is considered the biggest effect of the energy crisis. This then badly affects every sector in the country. Live become disturbed almost for everyone. Students cannot concentrate on their studies. Employees face delays in their work, factories face early shutdowns and many more. As the south region of Pakistan is the hottest place so, load shedding, there becomes a curse.

In addition to this, load shedding has also affected the country’s economy. It slowdowns the production of goods, and affects the supplies of imports and exports. This affects the reputation of the country internationally and makes the country unstable. For the poor, this makes living miserable and contributes to rising unemployment. And this badly damages the country’s image.

Likewise, unemployment and the energy crisis also lead to time wasting. Employees have to wait for hours to resume their work. Students have to face many issues while studying. Every sector suffers differently. This will break down every activity in the country and damages its severity.

Consequently, basically, every issue has a solution. The lack of dams is one of the main causes of the energy crisis. Thus the government may simply solve this problem by constructing more dams across the nation. Government should build new dams and renovate existing ones while implementing new, cutting-edge technologies. People should support the government in this initiative, and everyone should step forward and contribute what they can. We all know that Pakistan lacks the resources to construct dams.

Additionally, the government should implement laws that are beneficial across the entire country and impose an effective schedule for factories, industries, and other high-consumption sectors. Government should maintain control over electricity theft as well, as thousands of megawatts are stolen. In order to defeat this evil, it will also be helpful to reduce theft and replace the good officers in the industry.

Furthermore, the government needs to adopt new machinery that produces more power faster and current technologies. The present government must function as soon as possible because, if this problem is not addressed, it will get worse before it gets better. The cost of the past government’s incompetence is already being paid by the country.

Last but not least, the government should take action right away to reduce this problem. As the population grows every day and requires power to function, those who cannot afford to meet their essential needs adopt the wrong ways to fulfil their needs in any possible way. Awareness of population control must be prioritized as well.

In conclusion, it may be concluded that the energy crisis has reached a serious level. For Pakistanis from all areas of life, it is an issue. The economy has suffered the greatest setback of all. Long power outages have forced the closure of hundreds of industries. It causes poverty and unemployment. A solution to this issue could make things better. The country’s progress and prosperity can be ensured by its solution. On the other hand, if this issue is not resolved quickly, it will make people’s challenges worse. If the energy situation is not resolved, prices will rise. Determination and great political will are required for the solution. With the help of these two, everything can be controlled.

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Essay on "Energy Crisis in Pakistan" for CSS, PMS, Judiciary
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Essay on “Energy Crisis in Pakistan” for CSS, PMS, Judiciary Examinations

Introduction

Causes of Energy Crisis

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Essay on “Energy Crisis in Pakistan” for CSS, PMS, Judiciary Examinations

Following are the Causes of the Energy Crisis in Pakistan.

Following are the effects of the energy crisis in Pakistan.

There are Various Methods to Solve the Energy Crisis in Pakistan.

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Energy Crisis in Pakistan Essay: A Looming Challenge

Causes of the Energy Crisis

Energy Demand and Supply Gap

Socioeconomic Consequences

Environmental Implications

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Case Studies

Challenges and Barriers

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