taj mahal architecture essay

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AP®︎/College Art History

Course: ap®︎/college art history   >   unit 10.

• Beliefs of Hinduism
• Beliefs made visible: Hindu art in South Asia
• Hindu temples
• Sacred space and symbolic form at Lakshmana Temple, Khajuraho (India)
• The Historical Buddha
• Introduction to Buddhism
• Beliefs made visible: Buddhist art in South Asia
• The Great Stupa at Sanchi
• Shiva as Lord of the Dance (Nataraja)
• Bichitr, Jahangir Preferring a Sufi Shaikh to Kings

The Taj Mahal

The location, paradise on earth, the gardens, what the taj mahal represents.

"The physical fabric is in good condition and structural stability, nature of foundation, verticality of the minarets and other constructional aspects of Taj Mahal have been studied and continue to be monitored."

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Taj Mahal Essay

500+ words essay on the taj mahal.

The Taj Mahal is a great Indian monument that attracts thousands of people from all over the world every year. It is located on the bank of the Yamuna River in the city of Agra in Uttar Pradesh. It is situated around 2.5 km away from the Agra Fort. It is known as the symbol of love as Mughal emperor Shah Jahan built it in memory of his wife, Mumtaz Mahal. The Taj Mahal is the best-known and most famous example of Mughal architecture, which combined elements from Islamic and Indian architectural styles. The essay on the Taj Mahal is the most common topic which is asked in the English paper. So, students must go through this essay and try to write their own essay on the Taj Mahal in English.

Taj Mahal: The Symbol of Love

The Taj Mahal is one of the seven wonders of the world. It is recognized as one of the most beautiful structural compositions in the world and was designated as a UNESCO World Heritage site in 1983. Shah Jahan built the Taj Mahal in memory of his honourable and beloved wife, Mumtaz Mahal, after she passed away. It is said that Shah Jahan gifted the Taj Mahal to his wife. It represents the love and bond of husband and wife and is recognized as the symbol of love. Interestingly, the Taj Mahal is believed to reflect the different moods of Mumtaz because it is pinkish in the morning, milky white in the evening and golden when the moon shines.

Shah Jahan made four promises to his wife when she was alive. These promises include building the Taj, marrying again, visiting the tomb on every death anniversary, and being gentle with his children. After two years, he decided to make a monument to honour the memory of his wife. So, he decided to build an exceptional monument that had never been constructed before. He turned it into a reality by making the Taj Mahal with the effort of 20,000 workers. It took 22 years to complete the construction of the Taj Mahal. It was also suspected that Shah Jahan cut the hands of all the 20,000 workers so that they would never build this type of monument again.

What Makes the Taj Mahal So Special?

The Taj Mahal is termed “the jewel of Muslim art in India”. The architecture of the Taj Mahal has five different main elements. The main gateway of the Taj Mahal is a curved shape and looks beautiful. There comes a beautiful garden after entering through the main gate. The garden has a long pool of water. The garden has beautiful beds of flowers and green trees. The Masjid is located on the left side of the Taj, which is built using red sandstones. The rest house is located on the right side of the Taj; it is named Saqqara Khaana. The Taj Mahal is constructed using 28 different types of precious stones and varieties of marble. It has been structured by combining various architectural styles like Indian, Persian, Islamic and Turkish. The white marbles used in the construction of the Taj Mahal are very expensive, and the architecture is decorated with ornamental gem materials.

The Archaeological Survey of India carries out the management of the Taj Mahal. It is one of the most beautiful monuments in India. Tourists from all over the world visit the place to enjoy the beauty of this monument of love. So, every individual must help in preserving and maintain such an incredible monument.

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Frequently Asked Questions on Taj Mahal Essay

Why is the taj mahal known as the symbol of love.

Taj Mahal was built in the span of 20 years by emperor Shah Jahan in memory of his beloved wife Mumtaz Mahal. Thus it is seen as a depiction of love.

Is the Taj Mahal still one of the World’s Wonders?

Yes, the Taj Mahal had constant visitors even during the COVID pandemic season and remains one of the famous World Wonders.

How to write a descriptive and impressive essay?

It is important for a student to use different words while writing essays, as repetitive words can lead to boring content. Students should thus read articles, newspapers, blogs, etc., to improve their vocabulary skills.

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Essay on Taj Mahal for Students and Children

500+ words essay on taj mahal.

Essay on Taj Mahal: Taj Mahal needs no introduction. This monument is on the list of the Seven Wonders of the World . No wonder people swarm in flies all year round to witness the magnificence of his beauty. This monument is located in India in the city of Agra in Uttar Pradesh. In other words, Taj Mahal marks the excellence of Mughal architecture.

Taj Mahal is one of the main reasons why India is famous. Many people even associate India with Taj Mahal. However, to me, more than the splendid architecture, it is the story behind it that appeals to me the most. This magnificent beauty stands strong as a symbol of the love of a husband to his wife. Moreover, it reminds us of the power of love and how it can set an example for generations to come.

Taj Maha – A Symbol of Love

The renowned Taj Mahal was brought to life by the vision of the Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan . He got this monument built for his beloved wife, Mumtaz Mahal after she passed away.

To honor the memory of his loving wife, Shah Jahan ordered the finest artisans from all over the world to build it. He wanted to make something that had never been done before for anyone. The emperor wished to give the last gift to his wife whom he loved very much.

Even till date, people sing praises about Shah Jahan’s grand gesture. It makes you believe in love and appreciate it like never before. We also see how under the tomb lies the body of the eternal lovers. Shah Jahan and Mumtaz Mahal are buried next to each other and even after death, they remained side by side.

Get the huge list of more than 500 Essay Topics and Ideas

Making of Taj Mahal

Taj Mahal was declared as a Heritage Site by UNSECO in 1983. What makes this monument so special? Why do people come from all walks of life to witness its magnificence? Taj Mahal is made from white marble. Subsequently, this marble was exported from various countries from all over the world.

Taj Mahal involves a lot of smart architecture. The four pillars that stand in the corners are inclined a little. This was done to prevent the monument from any kind of natural disaster. Shah Jahan spent a hefty amount of money in the making of Taj Mahal.

In addition, we see how the building of this structure required 20,000 workers approximately to get the work completed. Moreover, the architecture of Taj Mahal was inspired by several architecture styles like India, Turkish, Persian and more.

Furthermore, you will see a beautiful fountain in front of the Taj Mahal with water channels. The reflection of the Taj in the water just makes for a mesmerizing view. It looks nothing short of a fairyland. In conclusion, every Indian takes pride in the beauty of the Taj Mahal and its heritage. This monument is famous all over the world. Around 2 to 4 million people come to visit the Taj Mahal every year. The beauty and history of the monument attract people the most and makes it famous all over the world.

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The Taj Mahal

Taj Mahal, Agra, India, 1632–53 (photo: King of Hearts , CC BY-SA 4.0)

Shah Jahan was the fifth ruler of the Mughal dynasty . During his third regnal year, his favorite wife, known as Mumtaz Mahal, died due to complications arising from the birth of their fourteenth child.  Deeply saddened, the emperor started planning the construction of a suitable, permanent resting place for his beloved wife almost immediately. The result of his efforts and resources was the creation of what was called the Luminous Tomb in contemporary Mughal texts and is what the world knows today as the Taj Mahal.

In general terms, Sunni Muslims favor a simple burial, under an open sky.  But notable domed mausolea for Mughals (as well as for other Central Asian rulers) were built prior to Shah Jahan’s rule, so in this regard, the Taj is not unique. The Taj is, however, exceptional for its monumental scale, stunning gardens, lavish ornamentation, and its overt use of white marble.

Taj Mahal, Agra, India (photo: David Castor )

The location

Agra, Uttar Pradesh, India (underlying map © Google)

Shah Jahan built the Taj Mahal in Agra, where he took the throne in 1628. First conquered by Muslim invaders in the eleventh century, the city had been transformed into a flourishing area of trade during Shah Jahan’s rule. Situated on the banks of the Yamuna River allowed for easy access to water, and Agra soon earned the reputation as a “riverfront garden city,” on account of its meticulously planned gardens, lush with flowering bushes and fruit-bearing trees in the sixteenth century.

Entrance, Taj Mahal, Agra, India, 1632–53 (photo: David Castor )

Paradise on Earth

Entry to the Taj Mahal complex via the forecourt, which in the sixteenth century housed shops, and through a monumental gate of inlaid and highly decorated red sandstone made for a first impression of grand splendor and symmetry: aligned along a long water channel through this gate is the Taj—set majestically on a raised platform on the north end.  The rectangular complex runs roughly 1860 feet on the north-south axis, and 1000 feet on the east-west axis.

Aerial view of the Taj Mahal, Agra, India, 1632–53 (underlying map © Google)

The white-marble mausoleum is flanked on either side by identical buildings in red sandstone.  One of these serves as a mosque , and the other, whose exact function is unknown, provides architectural balance.

The marble structure is topped by a bulbous dome and surrounded by four minarets of equal height.  While minarets in Islamic architecture are usually associated with mosques—for use by the muezzin who leads the call to prayer—here, they are not functional, but ornamental, once again underscoring the Mughal focus on structural balance and harmony.

The interior floor plan of the Taj exhibits the hasht bishisht (eight levels) principle, alluding to the eight levels of paradise. Consisting of eight halls and side rooms connected to the main space in a cross-axial plan—the favored design for Islamic architecture from the mid-fifteenth century—the center of the main chamber holds Mumtaz Mahal’s intricately decorated marble cenotaph on a raised platform.  The emperor’s cenotaph was laid down beside hers after he died three decades later—both are encased in an octagon of exquisitely carved white-marble screens.  The coffins bearing their remains lie in the spaces directly beneath the cenotaphs.

Cenotaphs, Taj Mahal, Agra, India, 1632–53 (photo: Derek A Young , CC BY-NC 2.0)

Carving and inlaid stone, Taj Mahal, Agra, India, 1632–53 (photo: Martin Lambie , CC BY-NC-SA 2.0)

Qur’anic verses inscribed into the walls of the building and designs inlaid with semi-precious stones—coral, onyx, carnelian, amethyst, and lapis lazuli—add to the splendor of the Taj’s white exterior.  The dominant theme of the carved imagery is floral, showing some recognizable, and other fanciful species of flowers—another link to the theme of paradise.

Some of the Taj Mahal’s architecture fuses aspects from other Islamic traditions, but other aspects reflect indigenous style elements. In particular, this is evident in the umbrella-shaped ornamental chhatris (dome shaped pavillions) atop the pavilions and minarets.

And whereas most Mughal-era buildings tended to use red stone for exteriors and functional architecture (such as military buildings and forts)—reserving white marble for special inner spaces or for the tombs of holy men, the Taj’s entire main structure is constructed of white marble and the auxiliary buildings are composed of red sandstone. This white-and-red color scheme of the built complex may correspond with principles laid down in ancient Hindu texts —in which white stood for purity and the priestly class, and red represented the color of the warrior class.

The gardens

Stretching in front of the Taj Mahal is a monumental char bagh garden. Typically, a char bagh was divided into four main quadrants, with a building (such as a pavilion or tomb) along its central axis. When viewed from the main gateway today, the Taj Mahal appears to deviate from this norm, as it is not centrally placed within the garden, but rather located at the end of a complex that is backed by the river, such as was found in other Mughal-era pleasure gardens.

View from the Mahtab Bagh, Taj Mahal, Agra, India, 1632–53 (photo: Steve Evans , CC BY-NC 2.0)

When viewed from the Mahtab Bagh, moonlight gardens, across the river, however, the monument appears to be centrally located in a grander complex than originally thought. This view, only possible when one incorporates the Yamuna River into the complex, speaks to the brilliance of the architect. Moreover, by raising the Taj onto an elevated foundation, the builders ensured that Shah Jahan’s funerary complex as well as the tombs of other Mughal nobles along with their attached gardens could be viewed from many angles along the river.

The garden incorporated waterways and fountains. This was a new type of gardening that was introduced to India by Babur, Shah Jahan’s great great grandfather in the sixteenth century. Given the passage of time and the intervention of many individuals in the garden since its construction, it is hard to determine the original planting and layout scheme of the garden beds at the Taj.

From the outset, the Taj was conceived of as a building that would be remembered for its magnificence for ages to come, and to that end, the best material and skills were employed. The finest marble came from quarries 250 miles away in Makrarna, Rajasthan. Mir Abd Al-Karim was designated as the lead architect. Abdul Haqq was chosen as the calligrapher, and Ustad Ahmad Lahauri was made the supervisor. Shah Jahan made sure that the principles of Mughal architecture were incorporated into the design throughout the building process.

Taj Mahal, Agra, India, 1632–53 (photo: LASZLO ILYES , CC BY 2.0)

What the Taj Mahal represents

When Mumtaz Mahal died at age 38 in 1631, the emperor is reported to have refused to engage in court festivities, postponed two of his sons’ weddings, and allegedly made frequent visits to his wife’s temporary resting place (in Burhanpur) during the time it took for the building of the Taj to be completed. Stories like these have led to the Taj Mahal being referred to as an architectural “symbol of love” in popular literature. But there are other theories: one suggests that the Taj is not a funeral monument, and that Shah Jahan might have built a similar structure even if his wife had not died. Based on the metaphoric specificity of Qur’anic and other inscriptions and the emperor’s love of thrones, another theory maintains that the Taj Mahal is a symbolic representation of a Divine Throne—the seat of God—on the Day of Judgment. A third view holds that the monument was built to represent a replica of a house of paradise. In the “paradisiacal mansion” theory, the Taj was something of a vanity project, built to glorify Mughal rule and the emperor himself.

If his accession to the throne was smooth, Shah Jahan’s departure from it was not.  The emperor died not as a ruler, but as a prisoner. Relegated to Agra Fort under house arrest for eight years prior to his death in 1666, Shah Jahan could enjoy only a distant view of the Taj Mahal.  But the resplendent marble mausoleum he built “with posterity in mind” endures, more than 350 years after it was constructed, and is believed to be the most recognizable sight in the world today. Laid to rest beside his beloved wife in the Taj Mahal, the man once called Padshah—King of the World—enjoys enduring fame, too, for having commissioned the world’s most extravagant and memorable mausoleum.

The Taj Mahal is one of the world’s great tourist attractions, hosting millions of visitors per year. Though it was designated as UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1983 and is currently overseen by the Archaeological Survey of India, its heavy visitor traffic is just one of the many factors that threaten the integrity of the site.

One of the biggest risk factors for the Taj Mahal is air pollution, which discolors the exterior and, some experts think, causes acid rain that deteriorates the marble. Air pollution is caused by a multitude of factors including industry, vehicle emissions, and the burning of household waste. The government of India designated an area called the Taj Trapezium Zone (named for its trapezoidal shape), a 10,400 square kilometer swath (about 4,000 square miles) of Agra encompassing the Taj Mahal as well as the Agra Fort and the historic Mughal settlement of Fatehpur Sikri. Oil refineries and coal-burning industries have been ordered to regulate their emissions or switch to natural gas within this zone, and most have complied.

There has also been a ban on auto traffic near the Taj Mahal, air quality monitors have been installed, and the Archaeological Survey of India has proposed a tourist cap and increased fees to limit visitor impact.

Another potential risk for the Taj Mahal is the drying up of the Yamuna River, which flows along the rear of the complex. The river has been partially dammed upstream from the Taj Mahal in order to augment municipal water supplies, and some argue that the changes in the soil due to the lower water table may be threatening the structural integrity of the monument. Various activists and scholars have claimed to have found cracks in the marble platform, sinking of the structure, and tipping of the minarets, though UNESCO asserts that

The physical fabric is in good condition and structural stability, nature of foundation, verticality of the minarets and other constructional aspects of Taj Mahal have been studied and continue to be monitored.

The Taj Mahal is rightly a top destination for millions of travelers. As global tourism grows and the economic pressures of industry continue to increase, the authorities who oversee the site must strive to implement legal and structural measures to ensure that this irreplaceable monument survives.

Backstory by Dr. Naraelle Hohensee

Bibliography

The Taj Mahal on the UNESCO website

Watch a video on the Taj Mahal from UNESCO

View from the roof (360) from Google Arts and Culture

About the fifth Mughal Emperor, Shah Jahan

Baburnama: Memoirs of Babur, Prince and Emperor , translated, edited, and annotated by Wheeler M. Thackston (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1996).

Milo C. Beach and Ebba Koch,  King of the World: The Padshahnama , with new translations by Wheeler Thackston (London: Azimuth, 1997).

Wayne Begley, “ The Myth of the Taj Mahal and a New Theory of its Symbolic Meaning ,” Art Bulletin , volume 61, number 1 (March 1979), pp. 7–37.

Vidya Dehejia, Indian Art (New York: Phaidon, 1997).

Ebba Koch,  Mughal Architecture: An Outline of its History and Development (1526–1858) (Munich: Prestel, 1991).

Ebba Koch, The Complete Taj Mahal and the Riverfront Gardens of Agr a (London: Thames and Hudson, 2006).

Ebba Koch, “The Taj Mahal: Architecture, Symbolism and Urban Significance,” Muqarnas , volume 22 (2005).

George Michell, George, and Amit Pasricha, Mughal Architecture and Gardens (Suffolk: Antique Collectors’ Club, 2011).

D. Fairchild Ruggles, “A Garden in Landscape,” Islamic Gardens and Landscapes: Penn Studies in Landscape Architecture (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2007).

Giles Tillotson,  Taj Mahal (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2008).

“ How to Save the Taj Mahal? ” Smithsonian.com, September 2011.

“Is a cap on tourists at the Taj Mahal a sign of things to come?”  The Telegraph,  January 5, 2018.

“The Slow Decay of the Taj Mahal,” The Diplomat , August 1, 2016.

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• Description

An immense mausoleum of white marble, built in Agra between 1631 and 1648 by order of the Mughal emperor Shah Jahan in memory of his favourite wife, the Taj Mahal is the jewel of Muslim art in India and one of the universally admired masterpieces of the world's heritage.

Description is available under license CC-BY-SA IGO 3.0

Le Taj Mahal

Immense mausolée funéraire de marbre blanc édifiée entre 1631 et 1648 à Agra sur l'ordre de l'empereur moghol Shah Jahan pour perpétuer le souvenir de son épouse favorite, le Taj Mahal, joyau le plus parfait de l'art musulman en Inde, est l'un des chefs-d'œuvre universellement admirés du patrimoine de l'humanité.

إنّ تاج محل هو ضريح جنائزي هائل شُيّد من الرخام الأبيض بين عامي 1631 و1648 في أغرا بناءً على أوامر الإمبراطور المغولي شاه جهان بهدف تخليد ذكرى زوجته المفضّلة. ويشكّل تاج محل الذي يُعتبر أفضل جوهرة في الفن الإسلامي في الهند إحدى أبرز تُحف التراث البشري التي هي محطّ إعجاب العالم بأسره.

source: UNESCO/CPE Description is available under license CC-BY-SA IGO 3.0

泰姬陵是一座由白色大理石建成的巨大陵墓清真寺，是莫卧儿皇帝沙贾汗(Shah Jahan)为纪念他心爱的妃子于1631年至1648年在阿格拉修建的。泰姬陵是印度穆斯林艺术的瑰宝奇葩，是世界遗产中令世人赞叹的经典杰作之一。

Outstanding Universal Value

Brief synthesis

The Taj Mahal is located on the right bank of the Yamuna River in a vast Mughal garden that encompasses nearly 17 hectares, in the Agra District in Uttar Pradesh. It was built by Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan in memory of his wife Mumtaz Mahal with construction starting in 1632 AD and completed in 1648 AD, with the mosque, the guest house and the main gateway on the south, the outer courtyard and its cloisters were added subsequently and completed in 1653 AD. The existence of several historical and Quaranic inscriptions in Arabic script have facilitated setting the chronology of Taj Mahal. For its construction, masons, stone-cutters, inlayers, carvers, painters, calligraphers, dome builders and other artisans were requisitioned from the whole of the empire and also from the Central Asia and Iran. Ustad-Ahmad Lahori was the main architect of the Taj Mahal.

The Taj Mahal is considered to be the greatest architectural achievement in the whole range of Indo-Islamic architecture. Its recognised architectonic beauty has a rhythmic combination of solids and voids, concave and convex and light shadow; such as arches and domes further increases the aesthetic aspect. The colour combination of lush green scape reddish pathway and blue sky over it show cases the monument in ever changing tints and moods. The relief work in marble and inlay with precious and semi precious stones make it a monument apart. 

The uniqueness of Taj Mahal lies in some truly remarkable innovations carried out by the horticulture planners and architects of Shah Jahan. One such genius planning is the placing of tomb at one end of the quadripartite garden rather than in the exact centre, which added rich depth and perspective to the distant view of the monument. It is also, one of the best examples of raised tomb variety. The tomb is further raised on a square platform with the four sides of the octagonal base of the minarets extended beyond the square at the corners. The top of the platform is reached through a lateral flight of steps provided in the centre of the southern side. The ground plan of the Taj Mahal is in perfect balance of composition, the octagonal tomb chamber in the centre, encompassed by the portal halls and the four corner rooms. The plan is repeated on the upper floor. The exterior of the tomb is square in plan, with chamfered corners. The large double storied domed chamber, which houses the cenotaphs of Mumtaz Mahal and Shah Jahan, is a perfect octagon in plan. The exquisite octagonal marble lattice screen encircling both cenotaphs is a piece of superb workmanship. It is highly polished and richly decorated with inlay work. The borders of the frames are inlaid with precious stones representing flowers executed with wonderful perfection. The hues and the shades of the stones used to make the leaves and the flowers appear almost real. The cenotaph of Mumtaz Mahal is in perfect centre of the tomb chamber, placed on a rectangular platform decorated with inlaid flower plant motifs. The cenotaph of Shah Jahan is greater than Mumtaz Mahal and installed more than thirty years later by the side of the latter on its west. The upper cenotaphs are only illusory and the real graves are in the lower tomb chamber (crypt), a practice adopted in the imperial Mughal tombs.

The four free-standing minarets at the corners of the platform added a hitherto unknown dimension to the Mughal architecture. The four minarets provide not only a kind of spatial reference to the monument but also give a three dimensional effect to the edifice.

The most impressive in the Taj Mahal complex next to the tomb, is the main gate which stands majestically in the centre of the southern wall of the forecourt. The gate is flanked on the north front by double arcade galleries. The garden in front of the galleries is subdivided into four quarters by two main walk-ways and each quarters in turn subdivided by the narrower cross-axial walkways, on the Timurid-Persian scheme of the walled in garden. The enclosure walls on the east and west have a pavilion at the centre.

The Taj Mahal is a perfect symmetrical planned building, with an emphasis of bilateral symmetry along a central axis on which the main features are placed. The building material used is brick-in-lime mortar veneered with red sandstone and marble and inlay work of precious/semi precious stones. The mosque and the guest house in the Taj Mahal complex are built of red sandstone in contrast to the marble tomb in the centre. Both the buildings have a large platform over the terrace at their front. Both the mosque and the guest house are the identical structures. They have an oblong massive prayer hall consist of three vaulted bays arranged in a row with central dominant portal. The frame of the portal arches and the spandrels are veneered in white marble. The spandrels are filled with flowery arabesques of stone intarsia and the arches bordered with rope molding.

Criterion (i): Taj Mahal represents the finest architectural and artistic achievement through perfect harmony and excellent craftsmanship in a whole range of Indo-Islamic sepulchral architecture. It is a masterpiece of architectural style in conception, treatment and execution and has unique aesthetic qualities in balance, symmetry and harmonious blending of various elements.

Integrity is maintained in the intactness of tomb, mosque, guest house, main gate and the whole Taj Mahal complex. The physical fabric is in good condition and structural stability, nature of foundation, verticality of the minarets and other constructional aspects of Taj Mahal have been studied and continue to be monitored. To control the impact of deterioration due for atmospheric pollutants, an air control monitoring station is installed to constantly monitor air quality and control decay factors as they arise. To ensure the protection of the setting, the adequate management and enforcement of regulations in the extended buffer zone is needed. In addition, future development for tourist facilities will need to ensure that the functional and visual integrity of the property is maintained, particularly in the relationship with the Agra Fort.

Authenticity

The tomb, mosque, guest house, main gate and the overall Taj Mahal complex have maintained the conditions of authenticity at the time of inscription. Although an important amount of repairs and conservation works have been carried out right from the British period in India these have not compromised to the original qualities of the buildings. Future conservation work will need to follow guidelines that ensure that qualities such as form and design continue to be preserved.

Protection and management requirements

The management of Taj Mahal complex is carried out by the Archaeological Survey of India and the legal protection of the monument and the control over the regulated area around the monument is through the various legislative and regulatory frameworks that have been established, including the Ancient Monument and Archaeological Sites and Remains Act 1958 and Rules 1959 Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Sites and Remains (Amendment and Validation); which is adequate to the overall administration of the property and buffer areas. Additional supplementary laws ensure the protection of the property in terms of development in the surroundings.

An area of 10,400 sq km around the Taj Mahal is defined to protect the monument from pollution. The Supreme Court of India in December, 1996, delivered a ruling banning use of coal/coke in industries located in the Taj Trapezium Zone (TTZ) and switching over to natural gas or relocating them outside the TTZ. The TTZ comprises of 40 protected monuments including three World Heritage Sites - Taj Mahal, Agra Fort and Fatehpur Sikri.

The fund provided by the federal government is adequate for the buffer areas. The fund provided by the federal government is adequate for the overall conservation, preservation and maintenance of the complex to supervise activities at the site under the guidance of the Superintending Archaeologist of the Agra Circle. The implementation of an Integrated Management plan is necessary to ensure that the property maintains the existing conditions, particularly in the light of significant pressures derived from visitation that will need to be adequately managed. The Management plan should also prescribe adequate guidelines for proposed infrastructure development and establish a comprehensive Public Use plan.

• Moghal Gardens (World Heritage Review)
• World Heritage in India (Archaeological Survey of India)

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By: History.com Editors

Updated: June 5, 2023 | Original: June 13, 2011

The Taj Mahal is an enormous mausoleum complex commissioned in 1632 by the Mughal emperor Shah Jahan to house the remains of his beloved wife. Constructed over a 20-year period on the southern bank of the Yamuna River in Agra, India, the famed complex is one of the most outstanding examples of Mughal architecture, which combined Indian, Persian and Islamic influences. At its center is the Taj Mahal itself, built of shimmering white marble that seems to change color depending on the daylight. Designated a UNESCO World Heritage site in 1983, it remains one of the world’s most celebrated structures and a stunning symbol of India’s rich history.

Shah Jahan was a member of the Mughal dynasty that ruled most of northern India from the early 16th to the mid 18th-century. After the death of his father, King Jahangir, in 1627, Shah Jahan emerged the victor of a bitter power struggle with his brothers, and crowned himself emperor at Agra in 1628.

At his side was Arjumand Banu Begum, better known as Mumtaz Mahal (“Chosen One of the Palace”), whom he married in 1612 and cherished as the favorite of his three queens.

In 1631, Mumtaz Mahal died after giving birth to the couple’s 14th child. The grieving Shah Jahan, known for commissioning a number of impressive structures throughout his reign, ordered the building of a magnificent mausoleum across the Yamuna River from his own royal palace at Agra.

Construction began around 1632 and would continue for the next two decades. The chief architect was probably Ustad Ahmad Lahouri, an Indian of Persian descent who would later be credited with designing the Red Fort at Delhi.

In all, more than 20,000 workers from India, Persia, Europe and the Ottoman Empire , along with some 1,000 elephants, were brought in to build the mausoleum complex.

Design and Construction of the Taj Mahal

Named the Taj Mahal in honor of Mumtaz Mahal, the mausoleum was constructed of white marble inlaid with semi-precious stones (including jade, crystal, lapis lazuli, amethyst and turquoise) forming intricate designs in a technique known as pietra dura .

Its central dome reaches a height of 240 feet (73 meters) and is surrounded by four smaller domes; four slender towers, or minarets, stood at the corners. In accordance with the traditions of Islam , verses from the Quran were inscribed in calligraphy on the arched entrances to the mausoleum, in addition to numerous other sections of the complex.

Inside the mausoleum, an octagonal marble chamber adorned with carvings and semi-precious stones housed the cenotaph, or false tomb, of Mumtaz Mahal. The real sarcophagus containing her actual remains lay below, at garden level.

The rest of the Taj Mahal complex included a main gateway of red sandstone and a square garden divided into quarters by long pools of water, as well as a red sandstone mosque and an identical building called a jawab (or “mirror”) directly across from the mosque. Traditional Mughal building practice would allow no future alterations to be made to the complex.

As the story goes, Shah Jahan intended to build a second grand mausoleum across the Yamuna River from the Taj Mahal, where his own remains would be buried when he died; the two structures were to have been connected by a bridge.

In fact, Aurangzeb (Shah Jahan’s third son with Mumtaz Mahal) deposed his ailing father in 1658 and took power himself. Shah Jahan lived out the last years of his life under house arrest in a tower of the Red Fort at Agra, with a view of the majestic resting place he had constructed for his wife; when he died in 1666, he was buried next to her.

Taj Mahal Over the Years

Under Aurangzeb’s long rule (1658-1707), the Mughal empire reached the height of its strength. However, his militant Muslim policies, including the destruction of many Hindu temples and shrines, undermined the enduring strength of the empire and led to its demise by the mid-18th century.

Even as Mughal power crumbled, the Taj Mahal suffered from neglect and disrepair in the two centuries after Shah Jahan’s death. Near the turn of the 19th century, Lord Curzon, then British viceroy of India, ordered a major restoration of the mausoleum complex as part of a colonial effort to preserve India’s artistic and cultural heritage.

Today, some 3 million people a year (or around 45,000 a day during peak tourist season) visit the Taj Mahal.

Air pollution from nearby factories and automobiles poses a continual threat to the mausoleum’s gleaming white marble façade, and in 1998, India’s Supreme Court ordered a number of anti-pollution measures to protect the building from deterioration. Some factories were closed, while vehicular traffic was banned from the immediate vicinity of the complex.

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• Taj Mahal Essay

Essay on Taj Mahal

Taj Mahal Essay: Taj Mahal requires no introduction. This structure is one of the world's Seven Wonders of the World. It's no surprise that people swarm in flies every year to see the splendor of his beauty. This monument may be found in the city of Agra, Uttar Pradesh, India. In other words , the Taj Mahal is a symbol of Mughal architecture at its best. The Taj Mahal is one of the most recognised landmarks in India. The Taj Mahal is a symbol of India that many people associate with the country. However, the tale behind it, rather than the magnificent architecture, appeals to me the most. This exquisite beauty is a powerful representation of a husband's devotion to his wife. It also serves as a reminder of the power of love and how it might serve as an example for future generations.

The Taj Mahal — A Love Symbol

The Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan's vision brought the world-famous Taj Mahal to life. After his loving wife, Mumtaz Mahal, died, he had this monument made for her.

Shah Jahan commissioned the finest artisans from all over the world to construct it in memory of his devoted wife. He wanted to create something that no one had ever seen before. The emperor wanted to give his wife, whom he adored, one more gift.

People continue to sing accolades for Shah Jahan's magnificent deed. It inspires you to believe in love and cherish it in new ways. We may also observe how the immortal lovers' bodies are buried beneath the tomb. Shah Jahan and Mumtaz Mahal were buried next to each other and remained so long after death.

Taj Mahal Construction

In 1983, UNESCO designated the Taj Mahal as a World Heritage Site. What distinguishes this monument from others? Why do people from all walks of life flock to see its beauty? White marble was used to construct the Taj Mahal. As a result, this marble was exported from a variety of countries around the world.

They started building it in 1630 and finished it about 20 years later. Shah Jahan rejected various concepts before deciding on the Taj Mahal's current structure. The monument's walls are encrusted with precious stones.

The Taj Mahal is a masterpiece of architecture. The four pillars in the corners have a slight inclination to them. This was done to protect the monument from natural disasters. The Taj Mahal was built with a large sum of money by Shah Jahan.

Furthermore, we can see how the construction of this edifice took around 20,000 individuals to finish. Furthermore, the Taj Mahal's architecture was influenced by a variety of architectural traditions, including Indian, Turkish, and Persian.

In addition, there is a lovely fountain with water channels in front of the Taj Mahal. The Taj's reflection in the water creates an enthralling sight. It has the appearance of a fairytale.

To summarize, every Indian is proud of the Taj Mahal's beauty and tradition. This monument is well-known throughout the world. Every year, between 2 and 4 million people visit the Taj Mahal. The monument's beauty and history draw the most visitors and make it famous around the world.

FAQs on Taj Mahal Essay

1. What is the Taj Mahal?

Taj Mahal can be well explained in the essay of the Taj Mahal Essay by Vedantu. It is considered one of the most important and seventh wonders of the world. It is an ancient architectural structure. Taj Mahal was built by Shahjahan in memory of his wife Mumtaz. It is a symbol of love and purity and many tourists visit Agra, India to see the beauty. It is one of the most beautiful monuments and is made with marble and is located on the banks of river Yamuna.

2. What is the significance of the Taj Mahal?

Taj Mahal is one of the world‘s famous monuments that has impeccable beauty and architectural structure. To date, no other architect has been able to build such a beautiful monument. It is a symbol of love and purity that was made for Mumtaz by Shahjahan. The Mogul emperor devoted his love in the form of this beauty for his queen. People from all over the world come to see the monument. To know more about the Taj Mahal, download the PDF from Vedantu on Taj Mahal Essay.

3. Is it easy to write a Taj Mahal Essay?

Writing an essay in English can be difficult for those who cannot read and speak proper English. An essay about the Taj Mahal requires deep research and knowledge about the monument (know the history) and putting the thoughts and views in the English language. You can learn and write the essay in a better way via Vedantu’s Taj Mahal Essay. The free PDF consists of all the information giving the significance, brief history and architectural structure of the Taj Mahal.

4. What are the other things to admire around the Taj Mahal?

Taj Mahal is situated on the banks of the river Yamuna in Agra, India. Apart from the main building Taj Mahal has other attractive destinations. There is a beautiful fountain that has a lot of water channels and can be located around the marble tomb. You can see the reflection of the same and it looks so beautiful. The nearby greenery can be relaxing and provide a stress-free environment for people. Taj Mahal looks impeccable on a full moon night. 

5. What can I learn with the help of the Taj Mahal Essay?

Students who read the Taj Mahal Essay from Vedantu can learn about the Mughal emperor- Shahjahan’s masterpiece. It describes the significance, brief history and importance of the seventh wonder of the world, the Taj Mahal. You will be able to know about the history and cherish it in the name of love that was built for his wife Mumtaz. Mumtaz died and Shahjahan built the Taj Mahal in fond memory of her. You will be able to write the essay in your own words with regular eating and practice.

• About Taj Mahal

The Taj COMPLEX | In Perfect Harmony

Taj Mahal is an ambassador of Shah Jahan's strong interest in building and artistic innovations. The new architectural style includes aspects that were to impinge much of subsequent Indian architecture. Symmetry along two sides of a central axis, new columnar styles, curvilinear forms, and symbolic decorations based on naturalistic plant motifs are all characteristics of the Shahjahan style that can be found in the Taj Mahal Complex.

The mausoleum is entirely clad in white marble. Alluding to the stone's luminosity, the Mughal poets compared it to early dawn or to a cloud. Kalim wrote:

It is a [piece of] heaven of the colour of dawn's bright face, because from top to bottom and inside out it is of marble - Nay, not marble because of its translucent colour (av-u-rang) The eye can mistake it for a cloud.

Kanbo refers to “ the illurruned tomb  (rauza-i-munauwara) on who’s every stone slab from early morning until late evening the whiteness of the true dawn is reflected, causing the viewer to forget his desire to move towards the highest heaven”.

Under the reign of Shah Jahan the symbolic content of Mughal architecture reached its peak. Inspired by a verse by Bibadal Khan, the imperial goldsmith and poet, and in common with most Mughal funerial architecture, the Taj Mahal complex was conceived as a replica on earth of the house of Mumtaz in paradise.

This theme permeates the entire complex and informs the design and appearance of all its elements. A number of secondary principles were also used, of which hiearachy is the mostdominant. A deliberate interplay was established between the building's elements, its surface decoration, materials, geometric planning and its acoustics. This interplay extends from what can be seen with the senses, into religious, intellectual, mathematical and poetic ideas.

In the Taj Mahal, the hierarchical use of red sandstone and white marble contributes manifold symbollic significance. The Mughals were elaborating on a concept which traced its roots to earlier Hindu practices, set out in the Vishnudharmottara Purana, which recommended white stone for buildings for the Brahmins (priestly caste) and red stone for members of the Kshatriyas (warrior caste). By building structures that employed such colour coding, the Mughals identified themselves with the two leading classes of Indian social structure and thus defined themselves as rulers in Indian terms. Red sandstone also had significance in the Persian origins of the Mughal Empire, where red was the exclusive colour of imperial tents.

Its symbolism is multifaceted, on the one hand evoking a more perfect, stylised and permanent garden of paradise than could be found growing in the earthly garden; on the other, an instrument of propaganda for Jahan's chroniclers who portrayed him as an 'erect cypress of the garden of the caliphate' and frequently used plant metaphors to praise his good governance, person, family and court. Plant metaphors also find a commonality with Hindu traditions where such symbols as the 'vase of plenty' (purna-ghata) can be found and were borrowed by the Mughal architects.

Sound was also used to express ideas of paradise. The interior of the mausoleum has a reverberation time (the time taken from when a noise is made until all of its echoes have died away) of 28 seconds providing an atmosphere where the words of the Hafiz, as they prayed for the soul of Mumtaz, would linger in the air.

Interpretation

The building was also used to assert Jahani propaganda concerning the 'perfection' of the Mughal leadership. Wayne Begley put forward an interpretation in 1979 that exploits the Islamic idea that the 'Garden of paradise' is also the location of the 'throne of god' on the day of judgement. In his reading the Taj Mahal is seen as a monument where Shah Jahan has appropriated the authority of the 'throne of god' symbolism for the glorification of his own reign. Koch disagrees, finding this an overly elaborate explanation and pointing out that the 'Throne' sura from the Qu'ran (sura2 verse 255) is missing from the calligraphic inscriptions.

This period of Mughal architecture best exemplifies the maturity of a style that had synthesised Islamic architecture with its indigenous counterparts. By the time the Mughals built the Taj, though proud of their Persian and Timurid roots, they had come to see themselves as Indian. Copplestone writes "Although it is certainly a native Indian production, its architectural success rests on its fundamentally Persian sense of intelligible and undisturbed proportions, applied to clean, and uncomplicated surfaces."

Uniformity of shapes has been set in a particular hierarchical accent. One type of column, called the Shahjahani column is used in the entire complex. It has a multi-faceted shaft, a capital builtup from miniature arches, concave elements and a base with four multi-cusped arched panels.Proportions and details of the columns vary according to their position in the complex; simplest in the bazaar streets, larger and richer in the funerary area.

The chief building of the entire complex is the mausoleum and the most naturalistic decoration appears here. The flanking buildings; the mosque and mihman khana [Guest House meant only for assembling for prayers] share mirror symmetry and display less naturalistic and less refined ornament; in the garden buildings, it is used only sparingly; and none appears in the Jilaukhana or the bazaar and caravanserai complex. The elements of the subsidiary units are arranged with the same mirror symmetry. Integrated into the overall qarina symmetry is centrally planned elements; the four-part garden, the four-part bazaar and caravanserai complex, and the miniature chahar baghs of the inner subsidiary tombs. The mausoleum and the great gate have centralized plans. Each element plays an indispensable part in the whole, if even one of the parts was missing; the balance of the entire composition would be destroyed.

The Principles

PRINCIPLES OF SHAHJAHANI ARCHITECTURE AND AS THEY ARE EXPRESSED IN THE TAJ MAHAL:

The complex of the Taj Mahal explores the potential of the riverfront garden as both an ideal funerary and a utilitarian worldly construct; it also expresses in canonical form the architectural principles of the period.

• Rational and strict geometry.
• Perfect symmetrical planning with an emphasis on bilateral symmetry (qarina) along a central axis of the main features. In a typical Shahjahani qarina scheme two symmetrical features flank a dominant central feature.
• A hierarchical grading of materials, forms and colours.
• Triadic divisions bound together in proportional formulas. These determine the shape of plans, elevations and architectural Ornament.
• Uniformity of shapes, ordered by hierarchical accents.
• Sensuous attention to detail.
• A selective use of naturalism.

These principles govern the entire architecture of Shah Jahan. They are expressed most grandly and most consistently in the Taj Mahal.

The Symmetry

The architecture was to express this concept through perfect symmetry, harmonious proportional relationships, and the translucent white marble facing which gives the purity of the geometrical and rational planning the desired unworldly appearance. The mausoleum is raised over an enriched version of the nine-fold plan favoured by the Mughals for tombs and garden pavilions.

A variant is used in the great gate. In the mausoleum the plan is expressed in perfect cross-axial symmetry, so that the building is focused on the central tomb chamber. And the inner organization is reflected on the facades, which present a perfectly balanced composition when seen from the extensions of the axes which generate the plan.

Bilateral symmetry dominated by a central accent has generally been recognized as an ordering principle of the architecture of rulers aiming at absolute power, as an expression of the ruling force which brings about balance and harmony, 'a striking symbol of the stratification of aristocratic society under centralized authority'. A symmetric grading down to the minutest ornamental detail, particularly striking is die-hierarchical use of colour. The only building in the whole complex entirely raced with white marble is the mausoleum. This hierarchic use of white marble and red sandstone is typical of imperial Mughal architecture

The Composition

Thus the entire Taj complex consisted of two components, each following the riverfront garden design; the chahar bagh and terrace; a true riverfront garden and a landlocked variant in the configuration of the two subsidiary units, where the rectangle Jilaukhana corresponded to the riverfront terrace, and the cross-axial bazaar and caravanserai element to the chahar bagh. That lost complex was an integral part of the Taj Mahal, forming its counter-image, according to the basic Shahjahani architectural principle of symmetrical correspondence.

The historians and poets of Shah Jahan state that the Taj Mahal was to represent an earthly replica of the house of Mumtaz Mahal in the gardens of Paradise. This must not be dismissed as Shahjahani court rhetoric: it truly expresses the programme of the mausoleum. In order to realize the idea of the hatological garden house as closely as possible, the canonical out of previous imperial mausoleums, where the building stood at the centre of a cross-axially planned garden or chahar bagh, is abandoned, and the riverfront design that had become the prevailing residential garden type of Agra was chosen instead, and raised to a monumental scale.

The interaction between residential and funerary genres had characterized Mughal architecture from the beginning. In the Taj Mahal the aim was to perfect the riverfront garden and enlarge it to a scale beyond the reach of ordinary mortals, to create here on earth and in the Mughal city paradisiacal garden palace for the deceased.

Ground Layout of The Taj Mahal Complex

The main north-south axis runs through the garden canal and the bazaar street. On it are set the dominant features: the mausoleum, the pool, the great gate, the Jilaukhana, the southern gate of the Jilaukhana, and the chauk (square) of the bazaar and caravanserai complex.

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Taj Mahal Essay

The Taj Mahal is one of the World's Seven Wonders. The Mughal emperor Shah Jahan had this monument built in 1632 for the burial of Mumtaz Mahal, his beloved wife, and it serves as a symbol of love. This monument can be seen in India in the Uttar Pradesh city of Agra. The Taj Mahal is a testament to Mughal architecture's superiority. Here are a few sample essays on ‘Taj Mahal’.

100 Words Essay on Taj Mahal

200 words essay on taj mahal, 500 words essay on taj mahal.

The Taj Mahal is one of the most beautiful and well-known historical sites. It is situated in the Uttar Pradesh city of Agra. It is in a spacious area with a river on the backside. It appears to be a sight from nature. It seems to be heaven on earth. It is constructed from white marble. Every year, it draws tourists from all around the world. The Taj Mahal represents the enduring love of Shah Jahan, who erected it in honour of his wife, Mumtaz Mahal. The monument is one of the Seven Wonders of the World. It serves as the famous Empress Mumtaz Mahal's mausoleum.

About Taj Mahal

The world-famous Taj Mahal was created because of the vision of the Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan. After she passed away, he built this monument in honour of his devoted wife, Mumtaz Mahal.

In honour of his beloved wife, Shah Jahan hired the best artisans worldwide to build it. He was going to make something that had never been done before. The emperor desired to give his beloved wife one last present. People still praise Shah Jahan for his fantastic deed. It encourages you to value and cherish love in new ways. We may also see how the bodies of the immortal lovers are interred beneath the tomb. Mumtaz Mahal and Shah Jahan were buried close to one another and remained there after death for a very long time.

My Experience with Taj Mahal

On the day of the full moon in October of this year, I went to the Taj Mahal with a few of my schoolmates. The silvery moonlight glistening everywhere and glamorising the Taj brings out the best in its splendour. Greenery and flowerbeds nicely adorn the area around it. I was ecstatic to visit the Taj. Hundreds of men, women, and kids gathered to admire the Taj's magnificence. There were sizable groups of foreigners arriving. We also clicked many pictures in front of the monument.

A Symbol of Love

The Taj Mahal was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage site in 1983 and is regarded as one of the most exquisite structural compositions in the entire world. After Mumtaz Mahal passed away, Shah Jahan erected the Taj Mahal in her honour and as a memorial. According to legend, Shah Jahan gave his wife the Taj Mahal as a gift. It is regarded as a representation of love and the tie between a husband and wife. It's interesting to note that the Taj Mahal is thought to represent Mumtaz's various emotions because it appears pinkish in the morning, milky white in the evening, and golden when the moon is out.

When Shah Jahan's wife was alive, he made her four vows. These commitments include constructing the Taj, getting remarried, going to the grave on each anniversary of his passing, and being kind to his kids. After two years, he decided to erect a memorial in her honour. Therefore, he decided to create a unique monument that had never been built before. With the help of 20,000 workers, he made the Taj Mahal—turning his vision into reality. The Taj Mahal's construction took 22 years to complete. Additionally, it was said that Shah Jahan had all 20,000 labourers' hands amputated to prevent them from ever again constructing monuments of this nature.

My Visit to Taj Mahal

A trip to a historical site is always a thrilling adventure. It is an exciting journey. During my recent summer vacation, when I visited Agra, I had one such encounter. I took the train to get to Agra with my family. After a short period of recovery, we started our sight seeing tour. Agra has a rich history. In India, numerous stunning historical sites are worth visiting. The most spectacular of all, though, is the Taj Mahal in Agra. First, we went to the Taj Mahal. The Mughal emperor Shah Jahan erected the Taj Mahal 350 years ago as a tribute to his beloved queen Mumtaj. It is situated along the Yamuna River's bank.

On all sides, it appeared white and identical. Green glass tufts and hot Cyprus tree shoots enhanced its majestic majesty. We descended the stairs and under the dome, in a dim room, we discovered the king and queen's graves. The side walls were ornamented with bits of glass in various colours and Quranic couplets. Each of the four minarets at the major buildings served as a watchman.

We finished our tour of the Taj Mahal at about noon and left the area. My journey to the Taj Mahal was a lot of fun. It was a unique event that, in addition to being intellectually stimulating, provided us with a taste of our nation's great heritage.

Taj Mahal's beauty and tradition are something that every Indian is proud of. This structure is highly known all around the world. The Taj Mahal receives between 2 and 4 million visitors annually. The monument is well-known worldwide due to its beauty and rich history, which attract the most tourists.

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The Taj Mahal: Architecture, Symbolism and Urban Significance

2005, Muqarnas 22

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Home — Essay Samples — Geography & Travel — Taj Mahal — The Taj Mahal And Its Construction

The Taj Mahal and Its Construction

• Categories: Indian Culture Taj Mahal

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Published: May 14, 2021

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Construction of the Taj Mahal

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Essay on Taj Mahal

Students are often asked to write an essay on Taj Mahal in their schools and colleges. And if you’re also looking for the same, we have created 100-word, 250-word, and 500-word essays on the topic.

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100 Words Essay on Taj Mahal

Introduction.

The Taj Mahal, an iconic symbol of love, is situated in Agra, India. Built by Emperor Shah Jahan, it’s a tribute to his beloved wife, Mumtaz Mahal.

Architecture

The Taj Mahal is a stunning example of Mughal architecture. Made of white marble, it’s adorned with intricate carvings and precious gemstones.

Significance

The Taj Mahal is not just a monument, but a symbol of love and devotion. It’s a UNESCO World Heritage Site and attracts millions of visitors each year.

The Taj Mahal, with its timeless beauty and emotional depth, continues to captivate hearts worldwide.

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250 Words Essay on Taj Mahal

The Taj Mahal, a timeless embodiment of love, stands majestically on the southern bank of the Yamuna River in Agra, India. Commissioned in 1632 by the Mughal emperor Shah Jahan, it was built in memory of his beloved wife, Mumtaz Mahal.

Architectural Marvel

The Taj Mahal, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, is a paragon of Mughal architecture, an artistic amalgamation of Persian, Ottoman, Indian, and Islamic architectural styles. Its symmetrical structure, embellished with intricate carvings and precious gemstones, is a testament to the architectural prowess of the era. The central focus is the white marble dome, an engineering feat that culminates in a brass finial.

Symbol of Eternal Love

The Taj Mahal transcends the physical realm and serves as a symbol of eternal love. The ethereal beauty of this mausoleum immortalizes Shah Jahan’s love for Mumtaz Mahal, making it a poignant reminder of the human capacity for profound attachment.

Environmental Concerns

However, the Taj Mahal faces significant threats from environmental pollution. Acid rain, primarily from the Mathura Oil Refinery, has been discoloring the once pristine white marble. This issue underscores the importance of preserving our shared cultural heritage in the face of industrial progress.

The Taj Mahal, a jewel of Muslim art in India, is more than just an architectural masterpiece. It is a testament to the timeless nature of love, a symbol of a rich historical era, and a reminder of the pressing need for sustainable development. As we marvel at its beauty, let us also commit to its preservation for future generations.

500 Words Essay on Taj Mahal

The Taj Mahal, a symbol of love and an architectural marvel, is one of the Seven Wonders of the World. Situated in the city of Agra, India, it attracts millions of visitors from around the globe each year. This essay explores the history, architecture, and cultural significance of the Taj Mahal.

Historical Background

The Taj Mahal was built in the 17th century by the Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan in memory of his beloved wife, Mumtaz Mahal. Construction began in 1632 and took approximately 22 years to complete, involving over 20,000 workers. The mausoleum serves as a testament to the emperor’s profound love and grief, immortalizing their story in the form of an architectural masterpiece.

Architectural Splendor

The Taj Mahal is an epitome of Mughal architecture, a style that combines elements from Persian, Islamic, and Indian architectural styles. The main structure is made of white marble, which appears to change color depending on the light conditions. The intricate carvings, semi-precious stones inlay, and the symmetry of its structure showcase the skilled craftsmanship of the era.

The complex consists of a main gateway, a garden, a mosque, a guesthouse, and the mausoleum itself. The mausoleum is flanked by four minarets, each standing 40 meters tall. The central dome, the most spectacular feature, rises 35 meters from the base and is surrounded by four smaller domes.

Cultural Significance

The Taj Mahal is not just an architectural wonder but also a cultural treasure. It is a symbol of India’s rich history and cultural heritage. The monument has been recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1983, preserving its glory for future generations.

The Taj Mahal is also a symbol of love and devotion. The story of Shah Jahan and Mumtaz Mahal has touched the hearts of people worldwide, making the Taj Mahal a monument of eternal love.

Conservation Efforts

Despite its significance, the Taj Mahal faces threats from pollution and structural damage. Acid rain and air pollution from nearby industries have been causing the marble to yellow and deteriorate. In response, the Indian government and international organizations have implemented measures to protect and preserve this iconic structure.

The Taj Mahal stands as a timeless testament to love, grief, and the grandeur of the Mughal era. Its architectural brilliance and cultural significance make it a precious gem in the world’s cultural heritage. As we marvel at its beauty, it is crucial to remember the importance of preserving such historical monuments for future generations to appreciate and learn from. The Taj Mahal, with its enchanting tale and majestic presence, will continue to captivate hearts and minds for centuries to come.

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Essay on Taj Mahal

Here we have shared the Essay on Taj Mahal in detail so you can use it in your exam or assignment of 150, 250, 400, 500, or 1000 words.

You can use this Essay on Taj Mahal in any assignment or project whether you are in school (class 10th or 12th), college, or preparing for answer writing in competitive exams. 

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Essay on Taj Mahal in 150-250 words

Essay on taj mahal in 300-400 words, essay on taj mahal in 500-1000 words.

The Taj Mahal, located in Agra, India, is one of the most iconic and breathtaking structures in the world. Built by Emperor Shah Jahan in the 17th century, it is a symbol of love and a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The Taj Mahal was constructed as a mausoleum for Shah Jahan’s beloved wife, Mumtaz Mahal, who passed away during childbirth.

The architectural brilliance of the Taj Mahal is awe-inspiring. It is constructed entirely of white marble and features intricate carvings, calligraphy, and exquisite inlay work. The grand dome, minarets, and symmetrical gardens surrounding the Taj Mahal add to its majestic beauty.

The Taj Mahal has significant cultural and historical importance. It represents the Mughal era’s architectural achievements and showcases the blend of Persian, Islamic, and Indian architectural styles. It stands as a testament to the enduring power of love and serves as a pilgrimage site for tourists and visitors from all over the world.

The Taj Mahal’s ethereal beauty, rich history, and cultural significance make it a treasure of India and a marvel of human ingenuity. It continues to captivate and inspire people with its timeless elegance and serves as a reminder of the depth of love and the heights of human creativity.

The Taj Mahal, located in Agra, India, is one of the most iconic and revered structures in the world. Built by Emperor Shah Jahan in the 17th century, it stands as a symbol of love, devotion, and architectural brilliance. The Taj Mahal was constructed as a mausoleum for Shah Jahan’s beloved wife, Mumtaz Mahal, who passed away during childbirth.

The architectural grandeur of the Taj Mahal is awe-inspiring. It is renowned for its exquisite craftsmanship and meticulous detailing. The structure is made entirely of white marble, which glistens in the sunlight, giving it a ethereal appearance. The central dome, flanked by four minarets, serves as the focal point, while intricate carvings, calligraphy, and inlay work adorn the exterior and interior of the monument. The lush gardens surrounding the Taj Mahal, with their symmetrical layout and reflecting pool, add to its beauty and serenity.

The Taj Mahal is not just a marvel of architectural splendor; it holds immense cultural and historical significance as well. It reflects the grandeur and opulence of the Mughal era and showcases the fusion of Persian, Islamic, and Indian architectural styles. The monument stands as a testament to the enduring power of love, as Shah Jahan built it as a mausoleum to honor his beloved wife. The Taj Mahal is recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage Site and attracts millions of visitors from around the globe who come to admire its beauty and appreciate its historical importance.

The Taj Mahal has transcended its physical boundaries to become a symbol of India’s rich cultural heritage. It is often regarded as one of the seven wonders of the world and is featured prominently in literature, art, and popular culture. It serves as a source of inspiration for artists, architects, and romantics alike.

In conclusion, the Taj Mahal is a testament to the power of love, the brilliance of architectural design, and the cultural legacy of India. Its intricate beauty, harmonious proportions, and historical significance continue to captivate the hearts and minds of people from all walks of life. The Taj Mahal stands as a shining example of human creativity, perseverance, and the enduring impact of a grand vision brought to life.

Title: Taj Mahal – A Testament to Eternal Love and Architectural Grandeur

Introduction :

The Taj Mahal, located in Agra, India, is one of the most exquisite and iconic architectural wonders in the world. Built by Emperor Shah Jahan in the 17th century, it stands as a symbol of eternal love and serves as a mausoleum for his beloved wife, Mumtaz Mahal. The Taj Mahal’s architectural grandeur, intricate craftsmanship, and historical significance have made it a UNESCO World Heritage Site and a global symbol of India’s rich cultural heritage.

Historical Background

The construction of the Taj Mahal began in 1632 and took approximately 22 years to complete. Shah Jahan, the fifth Mughal Emperor of India, commissioned the monument as a final resting place for his beloved wife, Mumtaz Mahal, who tragically passed away in 1631. The emperor was devastated by her loss and sought to create a mausoleum that would immortalize their eternal love.

Architectural Brilliance

The Taj Mahal is renowned for its architectural splendor and perfect symmetry. It is constructed entirely of white marble, which was sourced from various parts of India and beyond. The monument features intricate carvings, delicate filigree work, and exquisite inlay designs made of semi-precious stones. The central dome, towering at a height of 73 meters, is flanked by four minarets, each standing at 40 meters. The dome itself is adorned with intricate floral motifs and Quranic inscriptions.

The complex design of the Taj Mahal follows the principles of Mughal architecture, blending Persian, Islamic, and Indian influences. The use of geometrical patterns, arches, and ornamental elements creates a sense of harmony and balance. The surrounding gardens, known as the Charbagh, are laid out in a symmetrical pattern with water channels and fountains, reflecting the Islamic concept of paradise.

Symbolism and Cultural Significance

The Taj Mahal holds deep cultural and symbolic significance in Indian history. It represents the pinnacle of Mughal architecture and the fusion of diverse cultural influences. The monument’s creation is an enduring testimony to the love and devotion of Shah Jahan toward Mumtaz Mahal, immortalizing their bond for eternity.

The Taj Mahal’s cultural importance extends beyond its architectural magnificence. It symbolizes the rich heritage and artistic excellence of India. The monument stands as a testament to the Mughal Empire’s grandeur, showcasing the empire’s refined taste and patronage of the arts. Its inclusion as a UNESCO World Heritage Site recognizes its universal value and the need to preserve its historical and cultural significance for future generations.

Tourism and Impact

The Taj Mahal’s timeless beauty and historical significance attract millions of visitors from around the world each year. Tourists are captivated by its ethereal charm, intricate details, and the romantic tale behind its creation. The monument has become a symbol of India’s cultural identity and a must-visit destination for travelers.

However, the increasing number of visitors poses challenges to the preservation of the Taj Mahal. Environmental factors such as air pollution, acid rain, and the impact of human footfall have taken a toll on the monument’s pristine white marble. To mitigate these challenges, the Indian government has implemented measures to control pollution levels in the vicinity and limit the number of visitors to protect the monument’s structural integrity.

Conclusion :

The Taj Mahal stands as a remarkable testament to love, architectural brilliance, and cultural heritage. Its ethereal beauty, intricate craftsmanship, and profound historical significance continue to captivate the hearts and minds of people worldwide. As a symbol of eternal love and artistic excellence, the Taj Mahal serves as a beacon of India’s rich cultural heritage and a reminder of the enduring power of human creativity. It is a treasure that deserves to be preserved and cherished for generations to come.

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Essay on Taj Mahal for Students and Children 1000+ words

Here, you will read Essay on Taj Mahal for Students and Children in 1000+ words. This essay includes history, architecture, visiting summary of Taj Mahal, Agra, India.

Table of Contents

Taj Mahal is one of seven wonders of the modern world. It is a beautiful ivory-white marble mausoleum built on the southern bank of the Yamuna River in Agra city. 

It was built by the Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan to house the tomb of his favorite wife, Mumtaz Mahal. It represents the excellence of Mughal architecture. Around the world, many people associate the Taj Mahal with India ; this is one reason India is famous.

It has one of the most splendid architecture, but for most people, it symbolizes the powerful love of a husband for his wife. It also reminds us of power of love and how it has set an example for the generations to come.

History of Taj Mahal

In 1631 the Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan ordered the Taj Mahal to be built in memory of wife Mumtaz Mahal, who died on 17th June of the same year while giving birth to their 14th child.

The construction of the major building started in 1632 and got completed in 1648, whereas the surrounding buildings and the construction of the garden were completed five years later.

The grief of Shah Jahan for his wife’s death was documented by the imperial court, illustrates the love story, which was the inspiration for the Taj Mahal. Shah Jahan brought the finest artisans from around the world to build the building and honour the memory of his loving wife.

He wished to build something that had never been done before and wished to give the last gift to his wife to whom he loved so much.

Even today, people sing praises for the Shah Jahan’s great gesture. Taj Mahal makes you appreciate and believe in love like never. The bodies of Shah Jahan and Mumtaz Mahal buried next to each other, symbolizing that even after death, they stayed side by side and registered themselves as the eternal lovers in the lovers.

The Architecture of Taj Mahal

Taj Mahal was declared as a UNESCO heritage site in 1983. The marble with which they built the Taj Mahal, imported from the various countries from all over the world.

All the previous Mughal buildings were primarily built by the red sandstone. It believed that around a thousand elephants were used to transport the building to the materials.

The design of the Taj Mahal incorporates the traditional Persian design and the earlier Mughal architecture. The specific inspiration was taken by the Timurid, specifically Timur’s tomb in the Samarkand and other Mughal architectural buildings.

Under the patronage of Shah Jahan, the Mughal architecture reached new levels of refinement. The most spectacular feature of Taj Mahal is the marble dome that transcends the tomb. The top decorated with a lotus design, which serves to accentuate its height.

The shape of the dome also emphasized by four smaller domes known as the chattris places at the corners. The gilded decoration tops the dome and chattris with the mix of traditional Persian and Indian decorative elements. The tomb is a central focus of the Taj Mahal.

Like most of the Mughal tombs, the basic elements are of Persian in origin. The basic structure is a large multi-chambered cube with a chamfered corner with unequal eight sides.

The four minarets frame the tomb which at each of the chamfered corners. It showcases the smart architecture as the four minarets are inclined a little towards outside to prevent monument from any kind of natural disaster.

The interior chambers of the Taj Mahal reach beyond the traditional decorative elements, with the inlay works are decorated with precious and semi-precious gemstones. The inlay is with delicate detail with twining vines, fruits, and flowers adorned with semi-precious stones.

The complex of the Taj Mahal is set around by a 300-meter Mughal garden. In the center of the garden is a raised marble water tank known as the Hawd al – Kawthar act as a reflecting pool positioned on a north-south axis to reflect the image of the Taj Mahal.

The garden of the Taj Mahal is unusual from other Mughal architecture. In this garden, the Taj Mahal located at the end of the garden compared to other Mughal architecture situated in the center of the garden.

Visiting Taj Mahal

Taj Mahal located in Agra, Uttar Pradesh, which is approximately 200 kilometres from Delhi. It is part of India’s popular Golden Triangle Tourist circuit. Agra is a well-connected rail and road, and the major railway station is Agra Cantt.

Taj Mahal opened from 6 am to 7 pm every day except for Friday, which is closed for prayer. It also opened during full moon night from 8:30 pm to 12:30 pm.

10 Lines on Taj Mahal

• Taj Mahal is one of the favourite destinations for tourists around the world.
• Taj Mahal was built at the time of the Mughal era by the best artisans from an around world with the help of a lot of planning and enormous investments.
• The interior of the Taj Mahal, decorated by precious gemstones and flower design, is engraved on the marble’s surface.
• An area of 300-meter Mughal garden surrounds Taj Mahal.
• Taj opens every day (except Friday) from 6 am to 7 pm.
• The best time to visit Taj Mahal is from October to February as the weather in Agra remains cool.
• Taj festival is organised in February for ten days to revisit the memories of the Mughal era.
• Taj Mahal built by using a thousand elephants for transporting the raw materials to the construction site.
• Taj Mahal symbolises the eternal love of Shah Jahan, built in the memory of his favourite wife, Mumtaz Mahal.
• From time to time, the Indian government allocates funds for preserving the famous historical asset of India that is the Taj Mahal.

India takes pride in the heritage and beauty of the Taj Mahal. It is a famous monument all over the world and is daily visited by two to four million people every year.

The beauty and the feeling that it symbolizes attract people from around the world to visit it. Hope you liked this informative essay on taj mahal for students and children.

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Essay On Taj Mahal – 10 Lines, Short And Long Essay For Children

Key Points to Remember When Writing Essay On Taj Mahal For Lower Primary Classes

10 lines on taj mahal for kids, a paragraph on the taj mahal for children, short essay on taj mahal in english for kids, long essay on taj mahal for children, what will your child learn from taj mahal essay.

Taj Mahal doesn’t need any introduction. It is one of the most magnificent monuments on Earth. Kids can learn in detail about this beautiful monument by composing an essay on the Taj Mahal for classes 1, 2 and 3.

As per experts, it would have been nearly impossible to come up with such an architecture, but the Taj Mahal stands tall amongst the world-renowned Mughal architectures, and it took over 22 years to complete. Archaeologists marvel at the impeccable design and engineering professionals achieved around 400 years ago. All these reasons have made the Taj Mahal enter the list of seven wonders of the world. An essay on the Taj Mahal, one of the seven wonders of the world, in English will provide great insight into this topic.

When writing an essay for lower primary classes, keeping the details simple and easy to learn is crucial. Here are the key points that will help kids how to write an essay on the Taj Mahal.

• Mention the date of construction because it indicates the use of material and fusion in the style of architecture.
• Do not forget to add the location.
• Add details about the ruler who commissioned the building of the Taj Mahal.
• Talk about the typical Mughal architecture and the properties observed in the Taj Mahal.
• You can also talk about why the Taj Mahal is included in the list of seven wonders of the world.
• It is crucial to tell the story behind the Taj Mahal because it is what makes this monument so interesting.
• It would be best to refrain from indulging in too much technical information like complete historical background, dimensions, etc.

Kids have limited retention power. Therefore, you should only provide basic details in one-liners. However, you should cover all the crucial points so the kids can build on the given information in later classes. Here are a few lines about the Taj Mahal:

• Taj Mahal is located in Agra, a city in Uttar Pradesh.
• This famous monument is situated on the banks of the river Yamuna.
• Taj Mahal was built in 1632 by the Mughal emperor Shah Jahan.
• Taj Mahal is made of white marble.
• The monument is one of the seven wonders of the world.
• Taj Mahal is essentially a tomb built in the memory of Shah Jahan’s wife, Mumtaz Mahal.
• Taj Mahal is also famous as the symbol of love.
• The popular dome and the pillars around the Taj Mahal are common in medieval Mughal architecture.
• In 1982, the Taj Mahal was designated as a World Heritage Site by UNESCO.
• People from all over the world and from all walks of life come to India to adore the beauty of the Taj Mahal.

These lines can help them build an essay for classes 1 and 2.

Writing short paragraphs teaches children to structure the essay articulately. Use simple words and short sentences while writing a paragraph for generic topics like the Taj Mahal. Also, take note of the arrangement of sentences. Here is an example of a few lines about the Taj Mahal for children:

Taj Mahal is one of the most adored monuments in the world. The glazing white marble shimmers over the Yamuna river, creating a paradise illusion. In front of the Taj Mahal are lush Persian gardens that complement the majesty of the architecture. The beautiful monument is located in Agra, Uttar Pradesh. Every year, thousands of tourists visit India to take a look at this marvellous piece of architecture.

Taj Mahal is the symbol of love as it was built by Shah Jahan in the memory of his wife, Mumtaz Mahal. The grave of Mumtaz lies beneath the Taj Mahal. Today, the monument’s beauty is in danger because of environmental pollution, and this has led to the decolouring of white marble. Hence, the Taj Trapezium Zone (TTZ) Authority has banned the use of petrol and diesel vehicles to enter a 500m radius of the Taj Mahal.

We have seen that there is a chapter for short paragraphs or short essays in a lot of academic curriculums for primary kids. This is to introduce the kids to the basics of article writing. Here is an essay on the Taj Mahal in 150 words.

Taj Mahal is one of the major attractions in India and is known worldwide for its magnificence. As a result, tourists from global platforms travel our country to see and praise this beautiful creation. Situated in Agra, it is a stunning piece of art; Shah Jahan built it in the memory of his beautiful wife. It is also believed that Shah Jahan saw many designs of the Taj Mahal and later selected the present one. It showcases the ultimate power of love and dedication between two people. UNESCO declared the Taj Mahal a heritage site in 1982. It took almost 22 years to finish this great creation. Expensive stones are used to decorate the Taj Mahal. The most suitable time to visit the Taj Mahal is during the sunset when sun rays fall on the glimmering white marble to create a mesmerising image. This beautiful monument, the Taj Mahal, is named one of the seven wonders of the world.

Knowing about the Taj Mahal can be a very enriching experience for kids. They can learn a great deal about it by writing an essay for class 3.

This magnificent piece of architecture leaves everyone intoxicated at first glance. If you visit this monument on a clear sky day, you will notice the magnanimity of the beauty that people talk about. Moreover, the symmetrical reflection of the Taj Mahal on the Yamuna waters creates a multi-dimensional image that is amazing in itself. People fly miles and miles to have one look at this mesmerising piece of work. No wonder the Taj Mahal is one of the seven wonders of the world.

Taj Mahal symbolises the peak of Mughal architecture under the leadership of Shah Jahan. He was interested in architecture, but as per 17th-century manuscripts, Ustad Ahmed was the main architect behind its beautiful creation. We are no stranger to the majestic Mughal buildings, but what sets the Taj Mahal apart is the brilliance of architecture and engineering that people achieved around 400 years ago.

1. Taj Mahal – The Symbol Of Love & One Of The Seven Wonders

What adds to the beauty of the Taj Mahal is the fine story behind its origin? Mumtaz was Shah Jahan’s most loved wife, and he adored her in inexplicable ways. When Mumtaz died, it left Shah Jahan in despair and dismay.

He now longed for her even more. Shah Jahan could not come to terms with the death of his wife, who he loved immensely. He did not want Mumtaz’s name to be lost in history and decided to build a monument to etch an unforgettable chapter in history. The monument was supposed to represent the beauty and purity of his deceased wife.

For this reason, Shah Jahan asked his people to invite the best artisans and architects. Shah Jahan’s vision was to create a monument that was one of its kind. Taj Mahal is also known as one last gift by Shah Jahan to Mumtaz. In the end, Shah Jahan was also buried in the same building, next to his wife, so the two lovers could share eternity.

2. Construction/Making Of Taj Mahal

The fact that the Taj Mahal was built with imported marbles makes it unique. Moreover, we can see the fusion of Turkish, Persian, and Mughal architecture, which creates a magnificent design. According to historians, one of the reasons behind the Taj Mahal’s more than 22 years timeline is that Shah Jahan had initially rejected many designs. If you look closely, you will be able to see a slight inward inclination in the pillars. This was done to protect the monument in the event of a natural disaster. Lastly, let’s not forget the subtle contribution of the fountain and the underlying channels that create a mirror image of the Taj Mahal.

Your child can learn a great deal about this beautiful monument’s history and origin. He can comprehend unique facts and details about this historical place Taj Mahal.

The reason behind this beautiful creation is the sheer love and devotion that the Mughal emperor had for his wife. He could not let the death of his better half go in vain. He wanted the world to know about his love and commitment. Taj Mahal continues to inspire generations after generations. It tells us about the power of love and benevolence.

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Home / Essay Samples / Visual Arts / Taj Mahal / Taj Mahal: the Cultural Influences on Religious Spaces of Power in India and China.

Taj Mahal: the Cultural Influences on Religious Spaces of Power in India and China.

• Category: Culture , Religion , Visual Arts
• Topic: Indian Culture , Miracle , Taj Mahal

Pages: 3 (1397 words)

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