case study of meaning in tamil

Case Study Meaning In Tamil

எளிய எடுத்துக்காட்டுகள் மற்றும் வரையறைகளுடன் case study இன் உண்மையான அர்த்தத்தை அறியவும்., definitions of case study.

1 . ஒரு குறிப்பிட்ட நபர், குழு அல்லது சூழ்நிலையின் வளர்ச்சி குறித்த ஆராய்ச்சியின் செயல்முறை அல்லது பதிவு.

1 . a process or record of research into the development of a particular person, group, or situation over a period of time.

2 . ஒரு ஆய்வறிக்கை அல்லது கொள்கையை விளக்குவதற்குப் பயன்படுத்தப்படும் அல்லது பகுப்பாய்வு செய்யப்பட்ட ஒன்றின் குறிப்பிட்ட எடுத்துக்காட்டு.

2 . a particular instance of something used or analysed in order to illustrate a thesis or principle.

Examples of Case Study :

1 . உதாரணமாக, எங்கள் வழக்கு ஆய்வில் உள்ள 48 வயது நபர்

1 . For example, the 48 year old man in our case study

2 . உங்களுக்கு ஏன் ஒரு வழக்கு ஆய்வு தேவை என்பது உங்களுக்குத் தெரியும்.

2 . You know why you need a case study .

3 . $2 மில்லியனுடன் எப்படி ஓய்வு பெறுவது [கேஸ் ஸ்டடி]

3 . How to Retire with $2 Million [ Case Study ]

4 . 8000 வலைப்பதிவு கருத்துகளைப் பெறுவது எப்படி: ஒரு வழக்கு ஆய்வு

4 . How to Get 8000 Blog Comments: A Case Study

5 . (துஷ்பிரயோகம் செய்யப்பட்ட ஒரு பாலின ஆணின் ஒரு வழக்கு ஆய்வு.

5 . (A case study of an abused heterosexual man.

6 . 01:19 - முடிவுடன் உங்கள் வழக்கு ஆய்வைத் தொடங்கவும்

6 . 01:19 – Start your case study with the result

7 . புதிய வழக்கு ஆய்வு: கிழக்கு வங்கி மற்றும் நன்மைக்காக எங்களுடன் சேருங்கள்

7 . New Case Study : Eastern Bank and Join Us For Good

8 . உண்மையில், ஓரினச்சேர்க்கை திருமணத்திற்கான பிரச்சாரம், இணக்கவாதத்தில் ஒரு வழக்கு ஆய்வை வழங்குகிறது, நவீன யுகத்தில் எந்தக் கண்ணோட்டத்தையும் ஓரங்கட்டவும் இறுதியில் அகற்றவும் மென்மையான சர்வாதிகாரம் மற்றும் சக அழுத்தங்கள் எவ்வாறு பயன்படுத்தப்படுகின்றன என்பது பற்றிய கூர்மையான நுண்ணறிவை வழங்குகிறது. பாரபட்சமான, "ஃபோபிக்". ,

8 . indeed, the gay-marriage campaign provides a case study in conformism, a searing insight into how soft authoritarianism and peer pressure are applied in the modern age to sideline and eventually do away with any view considered overly judgmental, outdated, discriminatory,“phobic”,

9 . கேஸ் ஸ்டடி ஹோம்ஸ் உண்மையில் ஒரு ஸ்கெட்ச்புக்.

9 . Case Study Homes is actually a sketchbook.

10 . வழக்கு ஆய்வு சுருக்கங்களும் வரவேற்கப்படுகின்றன.

10 . case study abstracts will also be welcomed.

11 . மற்ற வழக்கு ஆய்வு, பார்டிஸ், தாக்கத்தை மதிப்பிட்டது.

11 . The other case study , Pardis, valued impact.

12 . கேஸ் ஸ்டடி: ஆ, சைபர்செக்ஸின் காலமற்ற கலை.

12 . Case Study : Ah, the timeless art of cybersex.

13 . இன்றைய எங்கள் வழக்கு ஆய்வு Tazemasa.com உடன்!

13 . Our case study for today is with Tazemasa.com!

14 . ifpug உடனடி வழக்கு ஆய்வு வெகுமதி திட்டத்தை அறிமுகப்படுத்துகிறது.

14 . ifpug is launching a snap case study award program.

15 . வழக்கு ஆய்வு #15: உங்கள் பார்வையாளர்களுக்கு குறைவான விருப்பங்களை வழங்குங்கள்

15 . Case Study #15: Offer fewer options to your visitors

16 . கிரேக்கத்தில் உள்ள பெலோபொன்னீஸ் முக்கிய வழக்கு ஆய்வை உருவாக்குகிறது.

16 . The Peloponnese in Greece forms the main case study .

17 . கேஸ் ஸ்டடி: தான் விரும்புவதைச் செய்ய ஆன் தனது வேலையை எப்படி விட்டுவிட்டார்

17 . Case Study : How Ann quit her job to do what she loves

18 . (படம். வழக்கு ஆய்வு: லிண்டா ஸ்பேனர் ஒரு புதிய குடியிருப்பை விரும்புகிறார்.)

18 . (Fig. Case study : Linda Spanner wants a new apartment.)

19 . வழக்கு ஆய்வு: எஸ்சிஓ இல்லாமல் கூகுள் ஆதிக்கம் செலுத்துவது எப்படி (43 நாட்களில்)

19 . Case Study : How to Dominate Google Without SEO (in 43 Days)

20 . மேலும் சில குறுகிய வாரங்களில் "எஸ்சிஓ கேஸ் ஸ்டடி"க்கான #5ஐ எட்டினேன்.

20 . And I hit the #5 for “SEO case study ” in a few short weeks.

21 . எங்கள் குழு வழக்கு ஆய்வில் ஈடுபட்டுள்ளது.

21 . Our team is working on a case-study.

22 . இது ஒரு வழக்கு ஆய்வு.

22 . This is a case-study.

23 . அவள் வழக்கு ஆய்வை பகுப்பாய்வு செய்தாள்.

23 . She analyzed the case-study.

24 . இது ஒரு உன்னதமான வழக்கு ஆய்வு.

24 . This is a classic case-study.

25 . வழக்கு ஆய்வு சுவாரஸ்யமானது.

25 . The case-study is interesting.

26 . இந்த வழக்கு-ஆய்வு பரவலாக மேற்கோள் காட்டப்படுகிறது.

26 . This case-study is widely cited.

27 . வழக்கு ஆய்வை நாம் மதிப்பாய்வு செய்ய வேண்டும்.

27 . We need to review the case-study.

28 . இந்த வழக்கு-ஆய்வு நன்கு கருதப்பட்டது.

28 . This case-study is well-regarded.

29 . இந்த வழக்கிலிருந்து நாம் கற்றுக்கொள்ளலாம்.

29 . We can learn from this case-study.

30 . இந்த வழக்கு ஆய்வில் நான் ஈர்க்கப்பட்டேன்.

30 . I'm fascinated by this case-study.

31 . இந்த வழக்கு ஆய்வு குறித்து அவர் ஒரு புத்தகம் எழுதினார்.

31 . He wrote a book on this case-study.

32 . வழக்கு-ஆய்வைப் படிக்க பரிந்துரைக்கிறேன்.

32 . I recommend reading the case-study.

33 . இந்த வழக்கு-ஆய்வு நன்கு ஆவணப்படுத்தப்பட்டுள்ளது.

33 . This case-study is well-documented.

34 . வழக்கு-ஆய்வு முக்கிய நுண்ணறிவுகளை வெளிப்படுத்துகிறது.

34 . The case-study reveals key insights.

35 . அவர் வழக்கு ஆய்வுக்கான தரவுகளை சேகரித்தார்.

35 . He collected data for the case-study.

36 . அவர் வழக்கு ஆய்வு முடிவுகளை முன்வைத்தார்.

36 . He presented the case-study findings.

37 . இந்த வழக்கு-ஆய்வு பரவலாக அங்கீகரிக்கப்பட்டுள்ளது.

37 . This case-study is widely recognized.

38 . இந்த வழக்கு ஆய்வு மிகவும் செல்வாக்கு செலுத்துகிறது.

38 . This case-study is highly influential.

39 . வழக்கு-ஆய்வு எங்கள் கண்டுபிடிப்புகளை உறுதிப்படுத்துகிறது.

39 . The case-study validates our findings.

40 . இந்த வழக்கு-ஆய்வு பரவலாக ஒப்புக் கொள்ளப்பட்டது.

40 . This case-study is widely acknowledged.

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Case Study meaning in Tamil - Learn actual meaning of Case Study with simple examples & definitions. Also you will learn Antonyms , synonyms & best example sentences. This dictionary also provide you 10 languages so you can find meaning of Case Study in Hindi, Tamil , Telugu , Bengali , Kannada , Marathi , Malayalam , Gujarati , Punjabi , Urdu.

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Case study in English. Case study Meaning and Translation from Tamil

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case meaning in Tamil | case தமிழ் பொருள்

case  வழக்கு/நிகழ்ச்சி

வழக்கு/நிகழ்ச்சி.

case =  வழக்கு/நிகழ்ச்சி

Pronunciation  =  🔊 bb1.onclick = function(){ if(responsivevoice.isplaying()){ responsivevoice.cancel(); }else{ responsivevoice.speak("case", "uk english female"); } }; case, pronunciation in tamil  =  கேஸ், case  in tamil : வழக்கு/நிகழ்ச்சி, part of speech :  noun  , definition in english : noun: a special set of circumstances noun: a comprehensive term for any proceeding in a court of law whereby an individual seeks a legal remedy , definition in  tamil : noun: சிறப்பு நிகழ்வுகள் noun:சட்ட நீதிமன்றத்தில் எந்த நடவடிக்கையிலும் ஒரு விரிவான காலவரை ஒரு நபர் சட்டப்பூர்வ தீர்வை காணலாம், examples in english :.

• That law does not apply in this case

Examples in Tamil :

• அந்த வழக்கிற்கு இந்த சட்டம் பொருந்தாது

Synonyms of case

Antonyms of case, about english tamil dictionary.

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"case study" இன் மொழிபெயர்ப்பு தமிழ்

தனி நிகழ்வாய்வு, தனியாள் ஆராய்ச்சி அல்லது தனியாள் ஆய்வு, நிகழ்வு ஆய்வு என்பது "case study" இன் தமிழ் இன் சிறந்த மொழிபெயர்ப்பு ஆகும். மாதிரி மொழிபெயர்க்கப்பட்ட வாக்கியம்: He added that Gujarat should be taken as a case study on how development should be undertaken. ↔ வளர்ச்சிப் பணிகளை எவ்வாறு மேற்கொள்ள வேண்டும் என்பது குறித்த ஆய்வுக்கான இடமாக குஜராத் இருக்க வேண்டும் என்று பிரதமர் கேட்டுக் கொண்டார்.

Research performed in detail on a single individual, group, incident or community, as opposed to, for instance, a sample of the whole population. [..]

ஆங்கிலம் - தமிழ் அகராதி

தனி நிகழ்வாய்வு, தனியாள் ஆராய்ச்சி அல்லது தனியாள் ஆய்வு, நிகழ்வு ஆய்வு.

குறைவான அடிக்கடி மொழிபெயர்ப்புகள்

• நேர்வு ஆய்வு
• மாதிரிக்கூறு ஆய்வறிதல்

வழிமுறையாக உருவாக்கப்பட்ட மொழிபெயர்ப்புகளைக் காட்டு

" case study " இன் தானியங்கி மொழிபெயர்ப்பு தமிழ்

"case study" போன்ற சொற்றொடர்கள் தமிழ் இல் மொழிபெயர்ப்புகள்.

• case-control study நேர்வு கட்டுப்பாட்டு ஆய்வு
• case studies நேர்வு ஆய்வுகள்
• case study method நேர்வுசார் முறை

Word Meaning India

Case study meaning in tamil ( case study வார்த்தையின் தமிழ் அர்த்தம்).

ஒரு குறிப்பிட்ட நிலை நேர்வு பற்றிய ஆய்வு,

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survey, scrutiny, examination, resurvey,

inability, classicism, Romanticism, unrestraint, indiscipline,

case study 's Meaning in Other Sites

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ending line of cover letter

How to Close a Cover Letter: 60 Examples of Strong Closing Statements

By Status.net Editorial Team on December 12, 2023 — 16 minutes to read

A strong cover letter closing is essential in making a great impression and reinforcing your enthusiasm for the job opportunity. It provides a final opportunity to emphasize your relevant skills, experiences, and personal attributes that make you an ideal candidate. A compelling closing also encourages the employer to take action, such as inviting you for an interview. Consider these examples:

• Thank you for considering my application. I am looking forward to the opportunity to contribute my skills and experiences in this exciting role.
• I am eager to discuss how my background aligns with your team’s goals and how I can contribute to your company’s growth.
• I am confident that my expertise in social media marketing makes me well-suited for this position, and I appreciate your time and consideration.

Positive Impact on Employers

Your cover letter closing is crucial, as it leaves a lasting impression on the employer and influences their perception of you as a candidate. A positive and engaging closing helps you stand out among other applicants and increases your chances of being selected for an interview. Here are a few key points that can create a positive impact:

• Express gratitude : Show appreciation for the time the employer has spent reading your cover letter, and thank them for considering your application.
• Be enthusiastic : Reiterate your excitement about the job opportunity and the prospect of joining their team.
• Include a call to action : Encourage further engagement, like scheduling an interview or discussing your qualifications in more detail.

For example:

Thank you for taking the time to review my application. I am highly enthusiastic about joining your team and discussing my potential contributions to your ongoing projects. Please don’t hesitate to reach out to me at your earliest convenience.

Crafting Your Final Paragraph

Summarizing your enthusiasm.

To leave a lasting impression, summarize your enthusiasm for the role in your closing paragraph. Highlight your excitement about the opportunity and express gratitude for the potential connection with the company. For instance:

I’m thrilled about the prospect of joining the (…) team and contributing my marketing skills to drive innovative campaigns. Thank you for considering my application.

Reaffirming Your Best Fit for the Role

Before signing off, reinforce why you’re the perfect candidate for the position. Briefly recap your relevant experience, skills, or accomplishments that set you apart. Be concise yet confident in your message. For example:

With my five years of experience in international sales and my proven ability to develop long-term client relationships, I am confident in my ability to excel as your next Sales Manager.

Choosing the Right Sign-Off

Professional sign-off options.

Selecting the appropriate closing for your cover letter can leave a lasting impression. Here are some professional sign-off options to consider:

• Sincerely : This classic sign-off is appropriate for most scenarios and conveys professionalism.
• Best regards : A versatile and slightly more casual option, ideal for a variety of industries.
• Kind regards : This friendly sign-off is suitable when you have developed a rapport with the receiver, like the hiring manager.

You can also try other options such as Yours truly , Respectfully , or Yours faithfully , depending on your preference and the nature of the job you are applying for.

Matching the Company Culture

Try to tailor your sign-off to match the company culture. Researching the company’s website, social media, or reviewing employee testimonials can help you get a better understanding of the company culture. For example:

• Innovative or creative industries : Feel free to express yourself with a casual yet professional closing, like Warm Regards or Cheers .
• Traditional or formal industries : Stick to more formal options such as Sincerely or Best Regards .

Incorporating a Call to Action

Proposing the next steps.

A well-crafted cover letter should inspire the reader to take the next step. This could include scheduling an interview, discussing your application further, or even simply reviewing your attached resume. To encourage this action, incorporate a call to action (CTA) at the end of your cover letter that guides the hiring manager.

Some examples of CTAs in the context of cover letters include:

• Schedule a meeting : “I’m excited about the opportunity to discuss my experiences and how they align with the [job title] position. Let’s set up a time to chat!”
• Ask for a callback : “I’d be thrilled to further discuss my application and the value I bring to the table. Give me a call at your earliest convenience to chat more.”
• Direct them to your portfolio : “I’d love to showcase my recent work, which you can find at [website link]. Let’s discuss how my skillset aligns with the [job title] role.”

Remember to tailor these examples to your specific application and the company to which you’re applying.

60 Examples of Strong Closing Statements For a Cover Letter

• 1. This position seems like a perfect match for my experience, passions, and career aspirations. I would love to bring my skills and expertise to your organization.
• 2. I am confident that I can make an immediate and positive impact if given the opportunity to join your team. I look forward to discussing how I can contribute to your organization’s success.
• 3. My background and capabilities align well with the responsibilities of this role. I am excited by the prospect of applying my experience to this position.
• 4. I am enthusiastic about the chance to join your organization. Please contact me to further discuss my qualifications and how I can add value.
• 5. I would welcome the opportunity to showcase my abilities and help drive growth and innovation through this position. I am eager to learn more.
• 6. With my skills and experience, I am prepared to excel in this role and hit the ground running. I look forward to speaking with you.
• 7. I am confident I would thrive in this position. I am eager to bring my skills, passion, and drive to your dynamic team.
• 8. I believe I am an excellent fit for this opportunity and am excited by the prospect of contributing my talents to your organization. I welcome the chance to speak with you further.
• 9. My experience aligns well with the responsibilities of this exciting role. I am enthusiastic about the opportunity to apply my skills to benefit your organization.
• 10. I am excited by the chance to join your team. I look forward to further discussion.
• 11. I am confident that I possess the necessary qualifications for this role and would excel if given the opportunity.
• 12. With my background and passion, I am prepared to hit the ground running and make an immediate impact through this position. I would love to join your team.
• 13. I am eager to apply my expertise to help drive success and innovation for your organization. Please contact me to arrange a time to talk.
• 14. My experience has fully prepared me to excel in this role. I am excited by the prospect of bringing my skills to your dynamic organization.
• 15. I am enthusiastic about this opportunity and the chance to contribute to your company’s continued growth and innovation. I look forward to elaborating on my qualifications.
• 16. I am confident I can perform exceptionally well in this position. I am excited by the prospect of joining your team and organization.
• 17. With my proven track record, I am prepared to dive in and deliver results through this role. I would be thrilled to join your organization.
• 18. I am eager to join an organization where I can utilize my expertise to create meaningful impact. This role seems like an excellent fit.
• 19. I am excited by the prospect of joining your innovative company. My skills would enable me to contribute to your team’s success right away.
• 20. I am confident my background makes me a competitive applicant for this opportunity. I am excited to further discuss my qualifications with you.
• 21. With my experience and passion, I know I would thrive in this position. I hope to have the chance to join your talented team.
• 22. I am enthusiastic about the prospect of bringing my skills and experience to your dynamic organization.
• 23. I am eager to apply my expertise to help drive innovation and success in this role. I would be thrilled to join your team.
• 24. I am confident my abilities make me a strong candidate for this opportunity. I am excited by the chance to contribute to your company’s growth.
• 25. I believe I possess the necessary skills, experience, and drive to excel in this position.
• 26. With my background, I am prepared to dive in, roll up my sleeves, and immediately begin adding value in this role. I am excited by this opportunity.
• 27. I am enthusiastic about the prospect of joining your team. I am confident my experience would allow me to thrive in this position.
• 28. I would welcome the opportunity to join your organization and collaborate with your talented team in this role. Please contact me to further discuss my qualifications.
• 29. I am excited by the chance to apply my skills and experience to help drive innovation and success for your company. I hope to speak with you soon.
• 30. I am eager to bring passion, expertise, and a strong work ethic to this position. I am confident I would excel on your team. I look forward to further discussing how I can contribute to your organization’s success.
• 31. I am confident that I have the necessary qualifications to excel in this role, and I am excited by the prospect of contributing my skills to your organization. I look forward to discussing this opportunity further.
• 32. With my experience and capabilities, I know I would be a great asset to your team through this position. I am eager to bring my passion and expertise to your dynamic organization.
• 33. I am enthusiastic about the chance to apply my background in a way that drives meaningful impact and innovation. This role seems like an ideal fit for my skills.
• 34. I am eager to join your organization and collaborate with your talented team to deliver exceptional results.
• 35. I am prepared to hit the ground running and make immediate contributions in this role. My experience aligns well with the responsibilities, and I am excited by the prospect of joining your company.
• 36. I am confident that I possess the ideal qualifications for this opportunity. I would love to join your organization and contribute my skills to help drive future success.
• 37. With my proven track record and expertise, I am prepared to dive in and immediately begin adding value through this position. I am excited by this opportunity and welcome further discussion.
• 38. My background and capabilities make me confident that I can perform exceptionally well in this role.
• 39. I am eager to apply my skills in a high-impact position with a respected organization like yours. I am confident I would thrive on your team. Please contact me to arrange a meeting.
• 40. I believe this role is an excellent match for my qualifications. I am excited by the opportunity to contribute my experience and talents to your innovative company.
• 41. I am confident that my background has prepared me well to excel in this position. I would be thrilled to join your talented team and organization.
• 42. With my passion, expertise, and proven ability to deliver results, I am prepared to dive in and immediately begin driving value through this role. I am excited by this opportunity and look forward to further discussion.
• 43. I am enthusiastic about the prospect of applying my skills in a challenging and rewarding position at your respected company. I am eager to learn more about this opportunity.
• 44. I am excited by the chance to join your dynamic team. My experience has fully prepared me to thrive in this position and help drive your organization’s continued success.
• 45. I am confident I possess the ideal qualifications for this opportunity. I would welcome the chance to join your team and contribute to future growth and innovation.
• 46. With my background and capabilities, I am prepared to excel in this role. I am enthusiastic about the prospect of applying my experience to benefit your organization. I look forward to speaking with you.
• 47. I am eager to utilize my expertise. Please contact me to arrange a meeting to discuss my qualifications.
• 48. I am excited by the prospect of joining your team. I am confident my skills and experience make me a competitive applicant for this opportunity. I look forward to further discussion.
• 49. This role seems like an excellent match for my background. I am enthusiastic about the opportunity to contribute to your organization’s success and future growth.
• 50. I am confident I possess the necessary experience and qualifications to excel in this position. I would be thrilled to join your talented team. I look forward to speaking with you.
• 51. I am excited by this opportunity and welcome the chance to further discuss my qualifications.
• 52. I am eager to apply my expertise in a challenging role that enables me to create meaningful impact. I am confident I would thrive in this position on your team.
• 53. I believe I am an excellent fit for this opportunity. I would be honored to join your organization and collaborate with your talented team. I look forward to further discussion.
• 54. I am enthusiastic about the prospect of contributing my experience to help drive innovation and continued success. I am excited by this opportunity and confident in my ability to excel.
• 55. Thank you for reviewing my application. I am eager to bring my background and capabilities to this exciting role on your team. I am confident I can perform exceptionally well if given the opportunity. I look forward to speaking with you.
• 56. With my proven skills and expertise aligned with this position’s responsibilities, I am prepared to dive in and immediately begin adding value to your organization.
• 57. I am confident that my experience, capabilities and passion for excellence would allow me to thrive in this role. I would welcome the opportunity to join your respected organization and am eager to further discuss my qualifications.
• 58. I am excited by the prospect of utilizing my background to help drive innovation and success in this position. I am confident in my ability to excel on your team and look forward to learning more.
• 59. I believe I am an excellent candidate for this opportunity. I am enthusiastic about applying my experience to contribute to the continued growth and success of your esteemed organization.
• 60. With my proven track record and expertise, I know I would thrive in this role. I am eager to bring my skills and passion to your dynamic team. Thank you for your consideration – I look forward to discussing this opportunity further.

When choosing a closing statement, make sure it matches the overall tone of your cover letter and reflects your personality. Also, take into consideration the company culture and position you’re applying for.

Examples of Effective Cover Letter Closings

Formal closings.

Respectfully,

• Yours faithfully,

Kind regards,

• Best regards,
• Yours sincerely,
• Yours truly,

Semi-Formal Closings

• Warm regards,
• Best wishes,
• With appreciation,
• Looking forward to your response,
• Yours in professional success,
• Many thanks,
• Thank you for your consideration,
• Eager for the opportunity to connect,

Casual Closings

• Have a great day,
• All the best,
• Thanks so much,
• Excited to chat soon,
• Grateful for your time.

Polishing Your Cover Letter Ending

Proofreading for errors.

Don’t underestimate the power of a well-proofread cover letter. Before sending it off, give it a thorough read-through, and look closely for any grammar, spelling, or punctuation errors. Consider using a grammar tool to help catch mistakes you might have missed. Also, ask a friend, family member, or even a professional to review your cover letter. Their fresh perspective can provide valuable insights and catch anything you might have overlooked.

Ensuring Consistency with Your Resume

To make your application seamless, double-check your cover letter and resume to ensure consistency. Pay special attention to details such as job titles, dates, and company names, as inconsistencies can raise concerns from potential employers. It’s also a good idea to match the formatting and fonts across both documents to give your application a polished and cohesive look. Make sure the skills and experiences you highlight in your cover letter are complementary to those mentioned in your resume, so they work together to make a strong case for your candidacy.

Sending Your Cover Letter

Email versus hard copy.

When sending your cover letter, you’ll usually have two options: email or hard copy. Each has its benefits and considerations:

• More convenient and faster
• Allows for easy tracking and organization
• Often preferred by employers
• Be sure to use professional language and an appropriate subject line
• Formal option, which may be required for certain industries or applications
• Neatly print and sign your cover letter
• Use quality paper and a matching envelope

It’s crucial to consider the preferences of the employer when deciding which method to use. If they haven’t specified a preference, feel free to choose the one that makes the most sense for you.

Following Submission Guidelines

No matter how well-written your cover letter is, failing to follow submission guidelines can hurt your chances of being considered for the position. Pay close attention to these key details when preparing your cover letter:

• Deadline: Be punctual in submitting your application – submit on time or even earlier.
• Formatting requirements: Follow any formatting requirements mentioned explicitly, such as font type, font size, and margins.
• File format: Save and send your cover letter in the requested file format, like PDF or Word Document (.docx).
• Contact information: Don’t forget to include your up-to-date contact information, such as your email address and phone number.

Frequently Asked Questions

What are some strong closing statements for a cover letter that stand out to employers.

A strong closing statement should reiterate your enthusiasm for the position and demonstrate your confidence in your qualifications. Here are some examples:

• “I’m excited about the opportunity to contribute my skills and experience to your team and look forward to discussing my qualifications further.”
• “Thank you for considering my application. I believe my expertise aligns well with the role, and I am eager to contribute to the success of your organization.”
• “I’m confident that my skills make me an ideal candidate for the position, and I’m eager to discuss how I can add value to your company.”

What’s the best way to format the closing section of my cover letter?

To format the closing section of your cover letter, you should:

• Leave a space between the last paragraph and your closing.
• Use a closing phrase like “Sincerely” or “Kind regards.”
• Add your full name and contact information, such as email address and phone number.
• If applicable, include any relevant links, such as your LinkedIn profile or online portfolio.
• Leave a space between your closing phrase and your name so you can add a digital or printed signature.

Should I use ‘Kind regards’ or ‘Yours sincerely’ to finish off my cover letter?

Both ‘Kind regards’ and ‘Yours sincerely’ are acceptable and professional ways to end a cover letter. You can choose which one you feel most comfortable with or suits your individual style. In general, ‘Kind regards’ is a safe and widely used option, while ‘Yours sincerely’ is considered a bit more formal.

How can you make a cover letter feel personal and engaging without being too casual?

To make your cover letter personal and engaging, try these tips:

• Address the recipient by name, if possible, to create a connection.
• Start your cover letter by mentioning a specific detail about the company or role to show you’ve done your research.
• Share anecdotes from your experience that directly relate to the requirements of the job and showcase your unique qualities.
• Focus on the value you can bring to the company, rather than just listing your qualifications.
• Resume vs. Cover Letter (Thoughtful Tips)
• How to Send an Email Cover Letter (Examples)
• Administrative Assistant Cover Letter Examples (Guide)
• Cover Letter vs. Letter of Interest vs. Letter of Intent
• Executive Assistant Cover Letter (Smart Examples)
• How To Write a Cover Letter [Inspiring Examples]

How to End a Cover Letter [w/ 4 Examples]

How you end your cover letter is an important part of the process. 

You’ve managed to make a good impression with your cover letter and now you want to “exit” on a good note with an equally impactful conclusion. 

This is where this article comes in.

We’ll show you how to end your cover letter effectively and leave the right impression on the recruiter reading it!

• 6 Ways to end a cover letter for a job (with examples) 
• Ways NOT to end a cover letter
• How to sign off a cover letter
• Signature lines NOT to use 

New to cover letter writing? Give our resumes 101 video a watch before diving into the article!

6 Ways to End a Cover Letter for a Job (With Examples)

Your cover letter ending consists of your closing paragraph and your signature line.

As your official “parting” from the recruiter, your closing paragraph should be an on-point summary of your cover letter’s highlights and a chance to reaffirm your strong points.

To guide you in the right direction, we’ve put together our favorite tips on how to end a cover letter effectively. 

So, let’s see what they’re all about!

#1: Show Confidence 

First things first—make sure you end your cover letter on a confident note. 

All your skills, qualifications, and strengths will lose a bit of their value if you don’t confidently show the recruiter that you can apply them to the company’s benefit. 

Say, you mentioned a bunch of noteworthy achievements and skills as you were writing your cover letter . Your cover letter ending is your chance to confidently reiterate them.

For example, you might have mentioned in your cover letter how you helped your previous company exceed its sales target by 30%. That’s an achievement you can use to conclude your cover letter confidently.  

I believe my ability to generate sales and drive results will be a significant contribution to your company’s goals and KPIs. 

#2: Sum Up Your Skills (For the Position)

Another way to effectively end your cover letter is to sum up your top skills. 

More specifically, sum up exactly how your skills will bring value to the team or company, or how they are relevant to the position you are applying for.

Here’s an example of how you can do this:

To conclude, I can confidently say that my 5 years of experience as a researcher have made me detail-oriented, patient, and able to connect smaller pieces of information to see the bigger picture. I believe these skills will be of use in this position. 

#3: Be Enthusiastic

You may be highly qualified and justifiably confident in your skills, but employers also want to see that you will be a motivated and engaged employee. 

So, make sure to express your enthusiasm! This will show that you care about this job and that you will put passion and energy into your work if you’re hired. 

Employees who are enthusiastic about their work are also far more likely to stay on board long term, which means that you’ve got more chances to get (and stay) hired! It’s no wonder that 71% of executives say that employee engagement is critical to their company’s success .

As such, sometimes, the deciding difference between two equally qualified candidates is just their level of interest and enthusiasm for the position.

Being able to apply all of my skills and previous experience to this project is an ideal and exciting opportunity for me. 

#4: State Your Goals and Set Expectations 

Another great way to end your cover letter is by stating your professional goals and giving the recruiter a general idea of what they should expect from you as a potential employee.

This will show that you are proactive and that you have clear objectives for your career.

Keep in mind though—when stating your goals and expectations, focus on mentioning how you’ll contribute to the company and benefit the employer, not just the other way around. 

And remember—what can set you apart from other candidates is expressing exactly what connects you to the company (other than just wanting to be hired). This can make your claims more believable and attract recruiters more easily.

Here’s an example of how you can make that work:

My goal is to be counted among the top professionals in the field, not only due to my skills but also because of my appetite for innovation. Your company’s mission to innovate some basic aspects of our daily lives is an inspiration for my work and I’d be happy to contribute my skills to achieve this common mission.

#5: Don’t Forget to Say “Thank You” 

Don’t forget to end the letter with gratitude. 

After all, recruiters go through countless applications daily, so just the fact that they took the time to read yours is enough of a reason to be thankful. 

Because it is expected that you will say “thank you” (and would be considered rude if you don’t), genuine gratitude is what will make you instantly more likable and win you extra points. 

Thank you for taking the time to review my application. I truly appreciate your consideration and hope to have the chance to prove through my dedicated work for your company.

#6. Keep It Professional 

This last piece of advice is quite simple. Keep your cover letter professional. You’ll have plenty of chances to express the more fun side of your character. 

There will be plenty of time to express your more “casual” side once you’re hired. At this stage, though, employers want to see that you are professional, reliable, and serious about your work. 

So, it’s better to use academic language and a clean, simple style. 

Liked the tips we covered in this article? There’s more where that came from! Check out our complete guide with the top 21 cover letter tips .

Ways NOT to End a Cover Letter 

And now that we covered the best ways to end your cover letter, let’s go over what you should NOT do when you’re writing your cover letter ending.  

• Do not appear desperate for the job. There is a fine line between expressing enthusiasm and being desperate. If you step over that line, you might blow your chances at getting a callback.
• Don’t be cocky and entitled. Avoid rhetoric that implies that the company would be foolish not to hire you and avoid speaking as though you’ve already been hired.
• Do not use overly familiar language or slang. That is unless you are working in the comedy industry.
• Don’t forget to proofread. Forgetting to proofread your cover letter (including the ending) is a big no-no. Typos and grammar mistakes can come across as unprofessional, so make sure to double-check for mistakes or use software like Grammarly .
• Don’t be sloppy! Pay attention to how you structure your closing paragraph just as much as the rest of your cover letter. This is the last thing the recruiters will read and it is what they will remember from the cover letter.
• Do not skip the closing! Not including a final paragraph in a cover letter is a huge mistake. This is your opportunity to summarize your strong points, enthusiasm, and gratitude memorably.

Want to know what mistakes you should avoid when you’re writing your cover letter? Our guide on cover letter mistakes has all you need to know.

How to Sign Off a Cover Letter 

Signing off your cover letter is a pretty straightforward task. All you have to do is use a signature line, followed by your full name. Something like this: 

And since “sincerely” has become overused, consider these signature lines to use instead: 

• With best regards,
• Most sincerely,
• Respectfully yours,

Signature lines not to use

You probably know better than to use any of the signature lines below, but we thought to go over them just in case. So, whatever you do, refrain from using any of the following: 

• Warm Regards
• Yours Truly
• Have a wonderful day
• Affectionately

Do I Sign a Cover Letter? 

Whether you should sign a cover letter depends on how you are sending your cover letter. 

Nowadays, most cover letters are sent electronically. If that’s the case with you, there is no need to add an electronic signature. 

Simply add your full name at the end of the cover letter, using the same font as the rest of your letter. 

If you are sending a good old-fashioned printed cover letter, on the other hand, include the same details and add your signature underneath your name. 

Having a matching resume and cover letter is a great way to make a good impression on the hiring manager! We make that super easy for you - just pick one of our matching pairs of resume & cover letter templates and start writing yours!

Key Takeaways 

How you end your cover letter is extremely important. If you manage to get it right, your application will make an impression and most surely earn you a callback.

To make sure you got it right, let’s go over the main points we covered in this article: 

• Your cover letter ending should contain a captivating closing paragraph and a signature line.
• To write a good closing paragraph, do some of the following: convey enthusiasm, recap your skills and qualifications, show gratitude, and state your goals and expectations.
• Things NOT to do when you’re writing your cover letter ending are: appearing cocky, being sloppy, forgetting to proofread, and ignoring the ending altogether.
• Signature lines to consider in addition to sincerely are: kind regards, respectfully, and most sincerely.

Related Readings:

• Do I Need A Cover Letter in 2024
• Entry-level Cover Letter
• Cover Letter for Internship

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How to End a Cover Letter (Examples Included)

Mike Simpson 0 Comments

By Mike Simpson

Did you know that 86 percent of executives think cover letters are valuable parts of an application? It’s true. That’s why making sure yours packs a punch is so important, including your cover letter closing.

In many cases, candidates spend most of their time fretting about the main body paragraphs when writing their cover letters, giving little if any thought to how to end a cover letter.

The problem is, your last paragraph and closing sentence make up part of your first impression, playing a big role in whether you land an interview. Is ignoring something so critical a good idea? Of course not.

Luckily, you’re here, and we have your back. Come with us as we explore the ins and outs of how to end a cover letter with style and professionalism.

What Is a Cover Letter?

Alright, before we really dig into how to close a cover letter, let’s take a quick step back and discuss what a cover letter is and what it’s for.

Now, we’ve actually taken a deep dive into how to write a cover letter before, as well as providing some outstanding cover letter examples and helpful cover letter tips . But, as a quick summary, a cover letter is a short, written introduction that supplements your resume. It gives the hiring manager more insights into what you bring to the table, covering points that won’t fit in your resume and giving you some room to showcase your personality.

Technically, every part of your cover letter is important. You want to make sure you address your cover letter properly, nail your introductory paragraph, offer enticing tidbits in the body, and close strong.

In fact, one could argue that your opening and closing paragraphs are the most important. While your opener serves as the initial introduction, your cover letter closing cements your first impression. By nailing it, you can leave the hiring manager with a warm, fuzzy feeling about what you have to offer. That’s powerful stuff.

Alright, but what exactly is your cover letter closing? Well, the closing of your cover letter is typically your final paragraph, as well as your closing sentiment and signature. Each of those sections cements your first impression, so they are all relevant to the equation.

With your final paragraph, you’re wrapping up what you wanted to say, which is why it’s part of the closing. The sentiment before your signature, however, also plays a role. While it may only be a word or two, the words you choose do make an impact, so they are also part of the closing.

And, yes, your signature (and contact details) is also included in the closing. How you present that information does matter, so you want to get it right, too.

What about a postscript (P.S.)? If I have one of those, is it part of the closing? Well, technically, it could be. However, a cover letter really shouldn’t have a postscript. We’ll get into why in a second.

Common Mistakes When Ending a Cover Letter and How to Avoid Them

Alright, we know you’re chomping at the bit for an overview of how to close a cover letter and some examples. We promise they are coming. The thing is, we need to tap on something else important before we get there: common cover letter closing mistakes.

As with all parts of your application, certain mistakes in your cover letter can spell doom for your job search. Thankfully, most of them are completely avoidable. As long as you know to watch out for them and to take steps to address them, you’re set.

So, what are some common mistakes when ending a cover letter? Generally, the biggest mistake you can make when in any part of your cover letter has typos. In fact, 58 percent of hiring managers will remove you from contention if your cover letters contain errors. Ouch.

Luckily, avoiding typos is pretty easy. By simply proofreading your cover letter, making use of handy tools like spell and grammar checks, and asking a trusted family member or friend to take a look, you can probably catch any errors and get them fixed before you submit your cover letter.

Another doozy is making your cover letter too generic. Failing to tailor the content – including the cover letter closing – can cost you big, as 36 percent of hiring managers will toss your application if it isn’t personalized for the job you’re trying to land.

How do you avoid a generic cover letter? By using the Tailoring Method when you write. That way, your content will be incredibly relevant to that role. Problem solved!

Additionally, using the wrong tone can be an issue. While you want to come across as confident, it’s also important to be gracious, appreciative, and polite. If you’re too forceful, aggressive, or boastful, that could hurt your chances instead of helping.

Instead, focus on being passionate about what you do, excited about the opportunity, and thankful that the hiring manager took the time to read your cover letter. That way, your closing is powerful and positive, ensuring the final part of this first impression hits the mark.

Alright, the final mistake we’ll tap on is adding a P.S. to your cover letter. While it may seem like a way to stand out or draw attention to a specific sentence, there’s a good chance it’ll backfire. Postscripts tend to look unprofessional.

Plus, it makes it seem like you couldn’t figure out how to get that point to fit into your letter properly, which could put your communication skills into question. In some cases, the hiring manager might even think that you don’t know how document creation software works, causing you to believe that you couldn’t go back and edit the content to fit that point in.

Finally, there’s actually a chance the hiring manager won’t notice the P.S. at the bottom. If you wait until then to say something important, you’re risking it not getting read at all. That’s no good.

So, while a P.S. could stand out, there’s also a really good chance that the move will backfire. As a result, it’s better to fit that detail into the rest of your letter instead of saving it for a postscript.

How to End a Cover Letter

Here’s what you’ve all been waiting for. To make closing out your next cover letter a breeze, here’s a step-by-step guide on how to end a cover letter.

1. Summarize What You Bring to the Table

Generally, the last paragraph of your cover letter should mirror your introductory one. You want to offer a simple summary that showcases why you’re a stellar candidate, touching on the key skills you bring to the table that the hiring manager wants to find.

Now, the trick is, you want to restate what you’ve shared without rehash the exact phrases you used earlier in the cover letter. That way, this part of the letter feels fresh.

2. Appreciation for Their Time

After your quick summary, thank the hiring manager for taking the time to consider your application. It’s a small gesture, but it’s nonetheless critical.

Everyone likes to feel appreciated. By adding a thank-you moment into your closing, you’re recognizing that the hiring manager is doing you a favor by reading your cover letter, and that can have a big impact on the tone of your closing.

3. A (Confident and Excited) Look Toward the Future

Next, it’s time to add a bit of confidence and excitement about what the future may hold by letting the hiring manager know you’re looking forward to the next steps. It’s a polite way to reassert your interest in the job, ensuring you plant the right seeds without being too aggressive.

Additionally, when done properly, you can take this part to the next level. It’s another opportunity to mention how you are ready to put a relevant skill to work to help the company achieve a particular goal.

Now, the latter approach should only be used if it feels right with the rest of your cover letter. Additionally, you can’t pull this off unless you’ve done a bit of research (which is something you did before you started writing your cover letter, right?). It only works if you can tap on something specific. If you can’t do that, then opt for a more classic approach.

4. Choose the Right Closing Sentiment

The closing phrase you choose before adding your signature does matter. Some options are more appropriate than others. For example, while “Sincerely,” “Thank You,” or “Best Regards” are usually safe bets, using “Fondly,” “Love,” or “Warmly” isn’t.

In the end, a cover letter is a type of formal correspondence. That means you need to err on the side of caution and avoid a cover letter closing that feels too casual or personal. By sticking with the business correspondence classics, you’re probably in good shape.

5. Sign Off (and Include Your Contact Details)

After your closing, you want to list your name, as well as your contact details. Not only does that keep that information conveniently located but, if your cover letter and resume get separated, it guarantees the hiring manager knows the cover letter is yours.

When it comes to contact details, list your email address and phone number at a minimum. If you’re like, you can also include your LinkedIn URL. Just make sure you actually put the URL and not just a link. That way, if the hiring manager prints out your cover letter, they can still reach your profile with ease.

3 Cover Letter Ending Examples

Sometimes, nothing is quite as helpful as an amazing example. With a cover letter closing example, you can see how these critical paragraphs are constructed. Then, you can use them as a framework when you write your own.

Generally, the core strategy for how to close a cover letter remains the same. However, the details change depending on the role and the overall approach. To help you see how to put the tips above into action, here are three cover letter ending examples – based on three different kinds of roles – that you can tweak to meet your needs.

1. Customer Service

With my customer-oriented mindset and previous experience working in a fast-paced retail environment providing exceptional support, I believe that my capabilities make me a great candidate for this position. I appreciate your consideration and look forward to learning more about the opportunity, as well as any next steps in your hiring process.

[Your Name]

[Phone Number]

[LinkedIn URL]

[Personal Website URL]

2. Technology

Ultimately, I am excited to apply my software development skills and education to a new challenge, and I feel that I can help ABC Company achieve its goals of advancing technology innovations in the industry. Thank you for considering my application. I look forward to not only discussing my capabilities with your further but also learning more about this exciting opportunity.

3. Management

I, like XYZ Corp., feel like people are always a company’s greatest asset. Your company’s mission and values initially attracted me to this position, and I believe that my skills and experience align with not only your broader goals but also the organization’s culture. Thank you for reviewing my application, and I look forward to hearing back from you about this exceptional opportunity.

Best Regards,

Putting It All Together

Ultimately, you should now have a pretty solid idea of how to end a cover letter with a bang. Take advantage of every tip above as a starting point. Then, really work to tailor your cover letter closing to the job, ensuring that it packs an amazing punch and helps you stand out from other applicants. After all, your closing is part of your first impression. Always make it count.

Co-Founder and CEO of TheInterviewGuys.com. Mike is a job interview and career expert and the head writer at TheInterviewGuys.com.

His advice and insights have been shared and featured by publications such as Forbes , Entrepreneur , CNBC and more as well as educational institutions such as the University of Michigan , Penn State , Northeastern and others.

Learn more about The Interview Guys on our About Us page .

About The Author

Mike simpson.

Co-Founder and CEO of TheInterviewGuys.com. Mike is a job interview and career expert and the head writer at TheInterviewGuys.com. His advice and insights have been shared and featured by publications such as Forbes , Entrepreneur , CNBC and more as well as educational institutions such as the University of Michigan , Penn State , Northeastern and others. Learn more about The Interview Guys on our About Us page .

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How to end a cover letter + 25 examples

So, you’ve written your cover letter – brilliant! But how should you end it professionally?

If you are writing a cover letter, it’s important to end it correctly so you persuade the recruiter or hiring manager to open your CV.

In this article, we’ll share 25 cover letter ending examples and we’ll also take you through a whole host of top tips on how to end your own cover letter with impact.

CV templates 

25 cover letter ending samples

With these 25 cover letter ending examples for inspiration, you’ll find it easy to create your own conclusion, leaving recruiters desperate to open your CV .

I have attached my CV for your review and I am available for an interview at your request. I genuinely appreciate your time and attention to reading my cover letter.

Kelly Anderton 07777777777 [email protected]

Enclosed is my CV, which provides a comprehensive overview of my qualifications, exceptional skills, and other accomplishments. I am immediately available for an interview and eager to discuss how I can drive your initiatives. Your time in reviewing my cover letter means a lot.Thanks,

Sylvester brown 07777777777 [email protected]

I am highly motivated to learn more from experienced professionals. Please do reach out to me, as I am immediately available for an interview. Thank you for considering my application.Kind regards,

Oliver Mount 07777777777 [email protected]

Feel free to contact me, as I am available for an interview right away and keen to discuss how my copywriting expertise can benefit your organisation. Thank you for your consideration.Best regards,

Terry Mews 01234567890 [email protected]

Enclosed is my CV, which provides more details about my relevant skills, qualifications, and additional achievements for the role. You may contact me via email or phone, as I am available for an interview ASAP. Thanks for your effort in reading my cover letter.Kind regards,

Gareth Hill 07777777777 [email protected]

I look forward to an interview at your earliest convenience to further discuss my competencies, qualifications, and other accomplishments. Thank you for your thoughtful consideration.Thanks very much,

Paula Keane 07777777777 [email protected]

I am excited to bring my strong creative writing skills to your team. Please feel free to contact me to schedule an interview, as I am available ASAP, or if you require any additional information concerning my qualifications and skills. Your consideration is greatly appreciated.Sincerely,

Rachel Meadows 07777777777 [email protected]

Feel free to contact me at any time of your choosing, as I am immediately available for an interview. I am excited about the chance to leverage my private equity experience to drive strategic growth and value to your company. I am thankful for the opportunity to be considered.Kind regards,

Violet May 07777777777 [email protected]

I am thrilled about the opportunity to bring my competencies, passions, and qualifications to your company. Please don’t hesitate to reach out to me to arrange an interview when you have a chance. Your attention to my cover letter is truly valued.Thanks,

Denise Borthwick 07777777777 [email protected]

With an MSc in Finance, I will bring my best efforts to contribute to the company’s ongoing growth and success. Thank you for your attention to my application, and I am available for an interview ASAP.Best regards,

Jeremy Mitchell 07777777777 [email protected]

I look forward to an interview at your earliest convenience to discuss how my qualifications and skills make me the perfect candidate for the position. Thank you so much for considering my application.Regards,

Helen Westgate 07777777777 [email protected]

I am enthusiastic about the opportunity to apply my research skills to exploring new avenues of enquiry. You can get in touch with me via email or phone, as I am available for an interview at any time. I want to express my thanks for reading my cover letter.Respectfully,

James Doyle 07777777777 [email protected]

Enclosed is my CV, which outlines my compressive creative qualifications, skills, and other achievements. Please let me know your preferred date and time for an interview, and I will ensure to be there promptly. I am grateful for your interest in my application.Thanks so much,

Aaron King 07777777777 [email protected]

My proactive attitude and ability to foster a positive team ensure that I am the perfect person for this position. You can get hold of me to schedule an interview at your earliest convenience. Your time in reading my cover letter is not taken for granted.Kind regards,

Raul Mohammed 07777777777 [email protected]

I am available right away for an interview and eager to discuss how I can leverage my certifications, qualifications, and IT consultation expertise to drive your digital transformation initiatives. Thanks for taking the time to read my cover letter.Kind regards,

Neil Powell 07777777777 [email protected]

I look forward to discussing how my skills, MBA, and MSc Computer Science qualifications, and CSM, SSM, CSPO, and CSD certifications align with your requirements. I am ready to interview whenever suits you. I am thankful for your interest in my application.Best,

Lucas Strongman 07777777777 [email protected]

Furthermore, I am passionate about bringing my social media experience to your company to enhance your online presence and engage with a broader audience effectively. My CV provides additional details of my experience, qualifications, and other achievements, and I am open to an interview whenever you’d like. Thanks for giving my application your time and attention.Kind regards,

Nadine Wright 07777777777 [email protected]

I would appreciate the opportunity to further discuss my qualifications and passion for graphic design in an interview. Please find my contact information below, and I am ready for an interview when you are. Thanks for reviewing my cover letter.Best wishes,

Alex Pierce 07777777777 [email protected]

I welcome the opportunity to meet with you at the time of your convenience to talk more about how my agile development expertise could add value to your department. I really appreciate your time and attention.With thanks,

Anthony Brown 07777777777 [email protected]

I am enthusiastic about the opportunity to explore how my extensive teaching skills and passion for education align with your school’s mission to inspire young minds. I am available for an interview from 15th March 2023. Thank you for considering my application.Best regards,

Wayne Barnes 07777777777 [email protected]

I am eager about the chance to demonstrate how my customer service skills and commitment to client satisfaction can benefit your company. I’m available for an interview, and the timing is up to you. Thanks for reading my cover letter – it really does mean a lot.Warm regards,

Lawrence McKenzie 07777777777 [email protected]

I’m keen to explore how my project management expertise and proven track record can help your team achieve outstanding results. I’m flexible and available for an interview any time after 1st July. I appreciate the time it took you to read my cover letter.Warmly yours,

Felicity Gibbins 07777777777 [email protected]

I am deeply interested in learning about any upcoming landscape architecture vacancies in greater detail. Please feel free to contact me via email or by phone – I am free for an interview whenever is convenient for you. Thanks so much for your time.Thanks,

Sarah Butts 07777777777 [email protected]

How to end a cover letter

Your cover letter ending consists of your closing paragraph, a polite two-to-three-word closing, and your professional signature.

Here are 5 steps to writing a cover letter ending that will get hiring managers excited.

Reiterate your value as an employee

Emphasise how you can help the employer solve their problems. In other words, say the kind of results you can bring to the company to show you’re a valuable asset.

For example, you could say:

• “I am excited about the chance to contribute my strategic vision and data-driven approach to the team at Sussex University.”
• “My passion for creative and data-backed marketing strategies fits perfectly with the creative work your team is doing. I am confident that my experience and enthusiasm will make an immediate and positive impact, driving growth and success for your company.”
• “I am convinced that my finance experience and analytical skills will allow me to make meaningful contributions to the financial success of ABC Finance Group.”

Be precise about how you think you can make a positive impact. For example, if you’re in the marketing sector, say how your creative ideas can enhance brand visibility. Or if you’re in finance , mention how your financial experience can save the company money or boost its financial strategies. But avoid coming across as big-headed and over-confident.

For example, don’t say: “I’m not just a graphic designer – I’m the world’s best graphic designer, and I’m here to transform your company’s visual identity. Be ready to witness greatness!” S aying this certainly won’t impress recruiters.

Instead keep it simple and subtle, by suggesting realistic results you can bring to the company .

Indicate the next course of action

Let the recruiter know you’re ready to move forward with your application – this tells them you are serious about the role.

Here’s why implying the next steps is critical:

• You sound clear and willing – When you mention your availability for an interview, you make it clear you’re ready for the next steps. This allows employers to plan their recruitment process effectively.
• You express keenness – When you declare that you’re enthusiastic about discussing the job role, it demonstrates that you’re excited about the position. Hiring managers and recruiters value keen applicants.

For example, you could say something like:

Express gratitude

It’s important to acknowledge the reader has taken the time to consider your application by expressing gratitude. That means thanking them for their time and consideration.

Because let’s face it, recruiters encounter endless applications every day, so the very fact they spent time reviewing your cover letter is a good enough reason to be thankful.

Showing gratitude provides a personal touch and will make you instantly more likeable – giving you some extra kudos.

Close your cover letter professionally

Finally, write a polite closing, otherwise known as the cover letter closing salutation.

The aim is to strike the right tone – not too formal, but not too relaxed. So, don’t use overly-familiar phrases like, “Cheers, mate” or “Peace out.”

Expressions like these won’t be well-received!

Instead, you could say “Best regards” or “Kind regards”.

Here are more examples of how to sign a cover letter off professionally:

Wrap up with a signature

To finish off your cover letter, create a professional signature to add to the bottom. Doing so makes your cover letter look professional and gives the recruiter methods to get in touch easily.

Here’s what you’ll need to include:

• Your full name – Use your complete legal name as it appears on your official documents
• Your phone number – A reliable number that you can answer quickly if the recruiter calls.
• Your email address – Choose a professional email address , preferably one that uses your name, for example, [email protected] or [email protected] .

You could also include the following:

• Your job title – Mention your current professional role visibly.
• Professional links – Include your links to any professional online profiles you have, such as a portfolio or LinkedIn profile so recruiters can see more evidence of your professional network and expertise.

Here’s an example of a professional signature:

A quick tip: For the sake of time, save your signature in your email drafts or a separate document so you can copy and paste it for every job application.

Cover letter ending mistakes

Now you know about the best ways to finish your cover letter, let’s explore what you should avoid when concluding it:

• Using informal language – Keep your cover letter professional. Unless you’re applying for a role in the comedy sector, ditch jargon or casual language like, “Catch you later, alligator! I’d be a boss addition to your company.” Instead, use: “I’m looking forward to the chance of joining your team and making a valuable contribution.”
• Sounding arrogant – Avoid coming across as overconfident or entitled. Don’t presume you already have the job or assume the company would be stupid not to recruit you.
• Making typos – Remember to proofread your cover letter and double-check for grammatical mistakes and typos, particularly in the closing. Inaccuracies can make you look unprofessional in recruiters’ eyes.
• Forgetting the closing paragraph – Always include the final paragraph – it’s a shining opportunity to recap your strengths and express enthusiasm and appreciation memorably.

Sign-offs to steer clear of

Using sign-off phrases such as “Yours fondly” or “Cheers” won’t impress a hiring manager . They can make you sound too over-friendly or casual in a formal job application.

So, choose more standard and polite sign-offs such as those we’ve mentioned above, like “Kind regards” or “ Best regards.”

Here are some sign-offs you should keep your distance from:

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How To End A Cover Letter (With Examples)

• Cover Letter Format
• Salutation and Greeting
• Who To Address When Unknown
• How To Start A Cover Letter
• How To End A Cover Letter
• Best Cover Letter Font And Size
• Cover Letter Spacing
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• How To Write An Address
• Official Letter Format
• Cover Letter Opening

Find a Job You Really Want In

Writing the body of your cover letter can be hard enough, but somehow figuring out how to end it can cause intense writer’s block for even the most verbose.

In this article, we’ll show you how to end a cover letter, complete with example closing paragraphs and sign-offs. We’ll also talk about what closings to avoid, how to end with a P.S., and the basic structure of a cover letter.

Key Takeaways

The last paragraph of your cover letter should include a call to action, your enthusiasm for the role, and a thank you to the reader .

You can’t go wrong with “Sincerely,” when you’re signing off on your cover letter.

Using a P.S. effectively can be a great way to make your cover letter stand out.

Examples of how to end your cover letter, how to sign off on a cover letter, mistakes to avoid: how not to close a cover letter, ending a cover letter with p.s., what is a cover letter for, final thoughts.

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When you’re writing a cover letter, you want to tie up your body paragraphs with a bow, not fizzle out into mediocrity, and the best way to do this is with a brief concluding paragraph.

This paragraph doesn’t need to be long — even one or two lines will do — but it needs to have these elements:

A call to action

Your enthusiasm for the position

A thank you

Usually, your call to action for your cover letter will be a request to discuss the position further or an offer to answer any questions the reader may have. Your goal with this is to remind the reader why you’re writing and to put the ball in their court.

As you write this section, be enthusiastic about the prospect of getting the position and working for the company. Hiring managers want to know you care about the job, so show them that you do.

Finally, thank the reader for their time and attention. This simple addition will go a long way toward strengthening your good rapport with the hiring manager .

Closing statements in cover letters are important, but try not to overthink it. You want to sound confident and qualified, not insecure and nervous .

Here’s a list of fail-proof ways to end your cover letter:

I look forward to the chance to learn more about this opportunity and share with you how I would be a great fit for your company.

A strong closing like this will show that you’re confident and excited for the opportunity. Ending your cover letter this way will show that you can fit into their company’s culture and that your work ethic is what they’re looking for in an employee.

I am excited to offer my strengths, skills, and expertise in this industry to benefit your company.

Employers want to know what you can bring to the table and how you can help their company succeed. With a statement like this, you can show them that you’re committed to becoming part of their company and leading them toward success.

If I am offered a position with your company, I will be immediately ready to start working with your company to exceed your expectations for success.

Adding a statement like this to closing of your cover letter will show your enthusiasm for working with the company. Employers look for people who are excited about their work , and mentioning that you can help them succeed is never a bad move.

I am thrilled for the opportunity to meet with you and further discuss how my qualifications will be beneficial to your company’s success.

Employers want to know how your experience and qualifications will help their company succeed. It’s important to let them know that your ultimate goal is to help their company grow and flourish, not that they’ll be a minor checkpoint on the road to your own personal success.

Keep in mind that the purpose of your cover letter is to land an interview with the employer. Explain to your reader how you will be beneficial to their company and what you hope to gain from meeting with them.

Just as it’s important to include a confident closing statement, it’s equally important to sign off your cover letter in a professional manner. It’s a big part of the format of your cover letter .

For your convenience, here’s a list of common sign-offs that are great to use for cover letters and other professional correspondences:

Sincerely/Sincerely yours/Most sincerely

Regards/Best/Best regards/With best regards

Respectfully/Respectfully yours

Yours truly

• Thank you for your consideration

Follow the closing of your choice with a comma, and on a new line, write your name. If you’re sending an email, you can add your contact information below your name. For example :

Best Regards, Your Name Your LinkedIn Profile URL Your Email Address Your Phone Number

Best Regards, John Lynch www.linkedin.com/in/john-lynch/ [email protected] 999-888-7777

Make sure to include a professional email address. While your beloved middle school email address “ [email protected] ” is fun and quirky, it’s probably not going to help you land any jobs.

The Best Closing for a Cover Letter

“Thanks in advance”

I know, it seems a little odd for a job seeker, but a study by Boomerang indicates that it’s got the best response rate. Of course, that’s for a ll email closings , not just job applications.

And because of that, we feel that the “in advance” part may come off as a little presumptuous — but the gratitude part is always appreciated. So drop the advance and just say thank you.

Everyone likes to be appreciated.

When it comes to cover letters, there are definitely mistakes that you need to steer clear of. In this case — if you’re too casual in your sign-off, your cover letter is probably going to spend the rest of its lifespan in the garbage.

Because we care about you and want you to get a job, here’s a list of sign-offs to avoid at all costs so you can prevent yourself from looking unprofessional:

Best wishes

Have a great day

• Take it easy

Warm regards

Yours/Yours faithfully

Thx bro/Pls respond

Eagerly waiting for a response

Sent from my iPhone

This is a professional document — you want your cover letter to give off the vibe of a firm handshake, not a casual fist bump.

Avoid ghosting/the Irish goodbye/the French exit/etc. The point is — don’t just end your cover letter without a concluding statement or signing off.

Even though writing a cover letter is stressful and you might just want to end it as quickly as possible, it’s still important to come full circle and close it out.

One extra tip for ending your cover letter like a pro is using the postscript (P.S.). When hiring managers and recruiters skim through cover letters all day, their eyes are naturally drawn to small changes, like having an extra line or two after your signature.

It’s probably the first thing they’ll read, so if you can use your P.S. to intrigue them enough to read the rest of your cover letter, you’re in good shape.

If you have an extra ace up your sleeve, consider using it in a postscript. Don’t use the same information as the body of your cover letter ; otherwise, you’re just wasting space. Anything that makes you a unique candidate but doesn’t quite fit with the rest of your cover letter is a great option for a postscript.

The great thing about a P.S. is that you can bring up something outside of your job qualifications that nevertheless shows your initiative, problem-solving , and values. Bonus points if those values align with the company you’re applying to.

P.S. — I’d be thrilled at the opportunity to discuss how my sustainability initiative reduced CO2 emissions at my office by 17% and learn more about your mission for environmental stewardship.

P.S. — In my 6+ years of teaching, I’ve educated students from the ages of 5-18 and from diverse racial, socioeconomic, and regional backgrounds, much like the community your institution serves.

P.S. — I’d love the chance to apply my proven marketing tactics to XYZ Inc. and achieve even better results than the 213% increase in website traffic I saw with my former clients.

To be clear, we’re not suggesting that a P.S. is the ultimate way to end your cover letter for everyone. But if you can think of an impactful one that grabs the hiring manager’s attention, you’re in good shape.

Cover letters are a way for candidates to draw connections between their resumes and the job they hope to land.

They’re used to show off your best skills , qualifications , and achievements in a more fleshed-out way than your resume can. They also indicate that you weren’t just shotgun blasting your applications across the whole wide internet, because they’re more personalized than a resume.

If you’re interviewing for a position in a writing-heavy creative industry like marketing, content creation, or public relations then your cover letter and its ending serve to illustrate your communication skills , how your qualifications match the job requirements, and how you can be reached to discuss your availability.

Greeting. Use “Dear [Hiring Manager’s Name]” if you can find the recipient’s name (which we recommend you do ). If you can’t find that, here are a few more options other than “Dear Hiring Manager.”

Opening paragaph. Open with an introduction , a bit of your professional backgrond, why you’re enthusiastic about the opportunity, and possibly how you heard about the job opening (especially if you were referred by a current employee). This should be around three sentences.

Second paragraph. Match up your professional experiences with the job description . Think of your most impressive accomplishments that align with similar responsibilities you’d have at the new job.

Always use numbers when possible — hiring managers and recruiters like to see results. Your second paragraph is your longest, but still keep it to under six sentences.

Third paragraph. Now talk about why you’re the perfect fit for the company (and vice versa). You can mention values you share, unique problems they face that you’re equipped to handle, or simply compliment the company’s track record.

Concluding paragraph. This is what this article is all about. A call-to-action and a thank-you are the primary parts to consider here.

The sign-off. “Sincerely” works most of the time, but we have more options below.

The P.S. The postscript is a secret weapon you can use if you have a great extra detail to add that didn’t fit with the rest of your cover letter.

Ideally, your cover letter should be between 200-300 words, but the absolute maximum is 400. Don’t worry if it looks short at 200 words — embrace white space because many hiring managers and recruiters prefer half-page cover letters .

Cover letters are always the first impression you’ll leave on a potential employer – and you want to make sure it’s a good one. The closing of your cover letter is an important factor in helping you land your next interview. By writing an enthusiastic and confident closing paragraph, you’ll help your reader see that you’re the best person for the job.

Writing cover letters can be stressful — if you want to reap the benefits of writing one, make sure you’re that you’re giving it your best effort from start to finish.

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Maddie Lloyd was a writer for the Zippia Advice blog focused on researching tips for interview, resume, and cover letter preparation. She's currently a graduate student at North Carolina State University's department of English concentrating in Film and Media Studies.

Matt Warzel a President of a resume writing firm (MJW Careers, LLC) with 15+ years of recruitment, outplacement, career coaching and resume writing experience. Matt is also a Certified Professional Resume Writer (CPRW) and Certified Internet Recruiter (CIR) with a Bachelor of Science in Business Administration (Marketing Focus) from John Carroll University.

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How to End a Cover Letter in 2023 + Examples

Knowing how to end a cover letter properly helps you stand out from other candidates, and make the best first impression. Doing so increases the chances of getting hired.

Today’s guide will teach you how to end your cover letter to increase your success rate in the job market.

Table of Contents

Key Components of a Good Cover Letter Ending

It’s crucial to conclude your cover letter with highlights reaffirming important points . Below are vital aspects to consider to help craft a well-rounded cover letter ending:

Show Confidence

Most people only focus on showing confidence in the first half of their cover letters. However, that should not be the case as you must portray confidence throughout the entire letter, including the ending. This enables you to prove you are the ideal candidate for the advertised position more effectively.

Add Your Most Relevant Skills

You need to summarize your skills and qualifications while ending your cover letter and draw a final comparison. Additionally, state how your skills will add value to the company.

Restate Your Value Through Enthusiasm

Most employers look out for employees who are motivated and engaged. You might be confident and highly qualified but lack enthusiasm. Your cover letter should reveal your passion and energy for the role you are applying for.

Quantify Your Goals

Another critical approach to ending your cover letter is by outlining your professional goals, which provides the recruiter with a rough idea of what to expect from you once you are hired. It indicates that you are proactive and have clear objectives for your career growth. However, as you outline your goals and objectives, ensure they align with the company’s. The objectives should showcase how you’ll benefit the company in achieving theirs.

Show Gratitude

Ensure you end your cover letter with appreciation. Recruiters review countless applications daily. Showing gratitude will add to your application points during the selection process, and make your cover letter more compelling as it shows you appreciate the recruiter’s efforts.

Make It Professional

Most people don’t usually know that there is a difference between a cover letter and a letter of interest . A cover letter must always be professional. Therefore, avoid being too casual and using slang, as that might reduce the chances of you getting hired.

Examples of How to End a Cover Letter

Cover letter ending statements enable the recruiter to assess your potential better and be curious to know more about you. Below are some examples of how to end a cover letter that are based on the tips discussed above:

How to End Your Cover Letter by Quantifying Your Goals and Expectations

I’m interested in knowing more about your incremental goals for your new project. Can we allocate an appointment to discuss how I can help? My goal is to be top-rated among the best professionals in Artificial Intelligence, with a holistic enthusiasm for skills and innovation. Your firm’s mission to transform some real-time issues is an inspiration to my abilities, and I’d be glad to contribute my knowledge to help achieve your goal.

How to End a Cover Letter with Relevant Skills

I’d love to showcase how cooperatively combining all the prefabricated materials enables me to develop a successful project model.

How to End a Cover Letter Professionally and Show Some Personal Growth

I look forward to polishing my skills at the GoTech AI firm since the position is globally dynamic.

How to End a Cover Letter with Enthusiasm

Having the chance to apply my technical skills to your AI-based project is an exciting opportunity for my career growth.

How to End a Cover Letter with Gratitude

Thank you for reviewing my application. I do appreciate your consideration and hope to get a chance to work with you.

The Don’ts of Ending a Cover Letter

Let’s now evaluate some of the things you should not do when ending a cover letter. The most crucial ones include:

• Don’t give an impression of desperation for the position. You can showcase enthusiasm for the role without seeming desperate. If you seem desperate for the position, you might not be selected for an interview.
• Don’t have errors. Not proofreading your cover letter would lead to errors that may seem unprofessional. This shows your recruiter that you are careless, thus disqualifying your application. So, ensure you double-check your letter by addressing typos and grammar using the right tools.
• Avoid Being Entitled or Boastful. If you end the letter with entitlement, making it seem like the company is obligated to hire you, might cause you to not get hired.
• Avoid slang. Professionals look for people who disclose ultimate professionalism in their team. So, maintain a professional writing style throughout your cover letter.

Related: To Whom It May Concern Alternatives

How to Sign Off a Cover Letter

After drafting the final catchy and impactful phrases, you need to end your cover letter with the right closing statement followed by your full name. For example:

Most sincerely, Tariq Wailer

Some of the signing-off phrases you should consider are:

• Kind regards
• With best regards
• Respectfully yours
• Best regards

Signature Lines Not to Use

There are some signature lines that you should refrain from as they seem somehow unprofessional. They include:

Knowing how to end a cover letter properly reinforces your strengths as a candidate. The right impression compels your recruiter to move your application to the next stage. Hopefully, this article has helped you understand the do’s and don’ts of ending a cover letter.

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How to End a Cover Letter? 8 Great Cover Letter Endings (+Examples)

The closing paragraph of your cover letter shouldn't be overlooked. In this article you'll learn how to end a cover letter to make a good impression on a hiring manager.

So, how to end a cover letter on a high note?

A great cover letter closing should highlight your strengths , call for action , and express gratitude . Ideally, all that without sounding repetitive, pushy, or bland. 

So, whether you're looking for a slightly upgraded version of a universal ending or something more distinctive, you'll find it here. Together with great closing paragraphs from cover letters belonging to real people who got hired by well-known companies like Volvo, Ikea, and NBC. 

Cover letter closing paragraph: What should I include?

All cover letters should have a clear structure consisting of three main sections. An introduction, main body, and a closing paragraph. Each of these sections should follow certain rules regarding their thematic content.

In the introduction of your cover letter, you should introduce yourself in detail, explain why the job is exciting to you, and state that you're a great fit. Excluding the heading, contact info, and greeting, the intro should be one paragraph long.

In the main body of your letter, you should back this by writing about your professional skills, past experiences, and hopes and aspirations for your professional future. The main body should be one longer paragraph or 2 shorter ones.

But, what about the closing paragraph ? Well, the ending of your cover letter consists of several key components: 

• A succinct summary of your strengths. This doesn't mean you should repeat everything you wrote in the main body. Rather, you should cherry-pick the parts that are most relevant to the role and best illustrate why you make a great fit. Avoid sounding repetitive by changing up the phrasing. 
• A confident call to action. In a sentence or two you should suggest the next steps. You should be confident without sounding demanding.
• Express gratitude. You should always express gratitude for the recruiter's time and consideration. Afterall, it takes time to review volumes of cover letters and give each one a thought. Make sure to be polite.  
• Use a professional sign-off. Avoid slang phrases like Cheers , See ya , or Have a good one . Rather, opt for the tried and tested classics, such as Sincerely , Best wishes , and Respectfully . 

A cover letter closing should fit into one short paragraph plus a few lines including a sign-off, your name, and possibly your contact information if you haven't yet stated these at the beginning. 

Find out your resume score!

5 Cover letter ending samples from real people

Cover letter ending sample #1 

This first sample cover letter conclusion is short, sweet, and confident. This job seeker is offering his insight as something valuable. This simple psychological trick will make him seem as something diserable by the company.

Cover letter ending sample #2 

In this case, the job seeker is showing enthusiasm for the position, the company, and its culture. Furthermore, "I would love the opportunity to meet with you and dicuss the value I can bring to Ikea" is a strong and confident call to action. 

Cover letter ending sample #3

Wondering how to end a cover letter for an internship? Being self-assured rather than self-effacing will instantly make you a stronger candidate. This person is very pursuasive about wanting to show  why she is deserving of an internship. By doing this, the hiring manager will be intrigued and invite the job seeker for an interview. 

Cover letter ending sample #4 

This candidate is making specific points regarding why he'd be a "top contributor" to their team. His tone is very enthusiastic and confident, which is what hiring managers want to see. His call to action is the opposite of vague and is rather specific as he is looking forward to "hearing from them regarding next steps" .

Cover letter ending sample #5

This cover letter ending has it all. The candidate reiterates her strengths, connects her past experience with the skills she acquired, and mentions how these qualities would make her a valuable member of the team. Her call to action is not bland, but direct and firm. 

Do you prefer to see more examples from hired professionals or find job-specific cover letter samples for your industry? Visit our cover letter library .

3 Examples of cover letter closing paragraphs 

To help you craft a strong cover letter ending paragraph, Kickresume's team of career writers formulated a few examples.

You can use these closing paragraph text examples as inspiration or as a blueprint to write your own.

Cover letter ending example #1

In conclusion, my aforementioned background in [field/profession] and skills, such as [the most relevant skills] have prepared me to be a successful and contributing team member in the kind of environment that  [company] has. I would love the chance to further discuss how my qualifications will contribute to [company] ’s success. 

Thank you for considering my application. 

Cover letter ending example #2

I genuinely believe that my education and [number of years] -year long expertise in [field]  would make me a valuable asset to your organization. Furthermore, the skills I have acquired along the way, including  [the most relevant skills],  make me an excellent match for this job. I’d welcome the opportunity to speak with you more about how I can contribute to the growth and success at  [company].

Thank you for your consideration. 

Best regards, 

Cover letter ending example #3

To conclude,   I believe my [number of years]  years of experience in [field] , specifically working in/on/as  [profession, project, specific industry]  make me a great potential asset. I'd be excited to learn more about this job opening, and show you how I can help [company] 's mission to grow in the next quartile.

Thank you for your time and for considering my application. 

Cover letter closing paragraph: What other things to include?

There are a few other things a good cover letter conclusion can include apart from the 4 key components mentioned throughout the article.

So, what else can you add to your cover letter closing?

• Contact information. Some applicants prefer to put their contact information in the header of the cover letter. Sure, that's one way to do it, but you can absolutely choose to put the contact info at the bottom. Or even include them in the last paragraph as a part of the call to action. It can go something like "...I'd welcome the opportunity to speak with you more about my qualifications at [phone number and email]."
• Reference to resume attachment. As you usually send both at the same time, you don't really have to say you attached a resume. They already know. However, if your cover letter and resume complement each other and you make a lot of references to your resume throughout the text, then sure. Say something like "...I've attached my resume and am happy to provide any additional information you might need."
• A link to your portfolio. This is, of course, only applicable if you have a portfolio or when it's relevant for the job. In creative fields like graphic design or architecture a portfolio is actually worth a lot more than a cover letter. So, definitely make sure to mention it. You can either include the URL for your website or instruct the hiring managers as to where they can find it. Say, for example, "...If you are interested, my portfolio can be viewed at www.myportfolio.com"

While these aren't necessary, they sure add a nice touch. However, bear in mind that some of these might not be applicable to your specific cover letter ending. 

Key takeaways: How to end a cover letter

The beginning of a cover letter is what initially draws the hiring manager in. But, in order to make a lasting impression, you need to know how to end a cover letter, too. To do that, you should: 

• Highlight any strengths, skills, and past experiences that make you a great candidate ;
• Include a confident call to action that doesn ' t sound demanding or bland ;
• Express your gratitude in a polite way ;
• Use a professional sign-off ;
• If applicable, include your contact information, a reference to your resume attachment, and a link to your portfolio. 

Of course, the content of your entire cover letter matters, not just the ending.

If you'd like to know how to write a complete cover letter, check out our complete cover letter guide .

And for the best result, use one of Kickresume's cover letter templates  alongside any of your email builders or AI writers . Oh, and remember that a cover letter goes hand in hand with a resume . You can even  turn your LinkedIn profile into a great resume  with just one click.

Klára Červeňanská

Klara recently graduated from the University of St Andrews in Scotland. After having written resumes for many of her fellow students, she got an opportunity to write full-time for Kickresume. Klara is our go-to person for all things related to student or 'no experience resumes'. At the same time, she has written some of the most popular resume advice articles on this blog. When she's not writing, you'll probably find her chasing dogs or people-watching while sipping on a cup of coffee.

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How to end a cover letter?

[ Click here to directly go to the complete Cover Letter Sample ]

The closing statement of a cover letter is crucial as it is the last impression you leave on the hiring manager.

A good cover letter should always end with a call to action that compels the hiring manager to call you for an interview.

Both cover letters and resumes are a gateway to grabbing the job opportunity by presenting yourself at your best.

A resume lists out your skills and qualifications, but your cover letter convinces the hiring manager that you will be an asset to the company.

Therefore, make sure you always accompany your resume with a hard-hitting cover letter unless you are explicitly asked not to do so.

Here are a few tips to write a kick-ass cover letter:

• Customize your cover letter and use the coveted space wisely
• Follow professional cover letter formatting to ensure readability
• Write a compelling closing statement followed by a call to action
• Avoid cover letter closing mistakes at any cost always proofread before sending the final draft

Here's what you will find in this guide:

• What is a cover letter for and why is it important?
• What are the five key components of a cover letter?
• How to format a cover letter with formatting tips?
• Why is a cover letter closing important?
• Mistakes that you should avoid in cover letter closing

What is a Cover Letter for?

You must be wondering if a resume is not enough to secure the job position that you need to create one more document, i.e., a cover letter. Well, the simple answer is no. Both documents are equally important and go hand in hand.

A resume lists all your skills and achievements relevant to the job you are applying to, but a cover letter is a document with detailed information on why you are qualified for the job position.

Customizing your cover letter for every job you apply to can prove to be very challenging and time-consuming, but it is pivotal for securing the job position.

Do not commit the mistake of sending a generic cover letter for every job position you apply to. It can cost you your dream job.

Cover Letter Sample

[ Back to Table of Content ]

Here is an example of an ideal cover letter that can help you get noticed by the hiring managers.

The given example is created from our Online Resume Builder where professional resume experts brainstorm the best ways to bring out the best of a professional through a resume and cover letter.

The Purpose of the Coveted Space of a Cover Letter

• Demonstrate your interest and passion for the job position
• Explain how your skills and experience align with the company's goals and vision
• Explain any red flags in your resume that might arise confusions
• Market yourself as an ideal candidate by demonstrating your knowledge about the organization
• Succinctly mention why you consider the particular organization to be your most valued employer
• Entice the hiring manager to set an interview with you by a direct call to action in your cover letter's closing statement.

The Key Elements of a Cover Letter

Proper formatting of a cover letter is as important as its content. Once you have all the content well-written, you can adjust the margins, alignment, and font. Here's an overview of each section of a cover letter.

The Five Key Components of a Cover Letter

• The salutation
• Introduction
• Closing statement

The Header of a Cover Letter

A professional cover letter header section includes the following details:

• The Job Title
• Personal Contact Number
• Professional Email Id
• Your Location
• Links to your LinkedIn, GitHub, Twitter, etc. (Optional)

Hiration Pro Tip: Try to use the same font, setup, and margin for the header in your resume and cover letter. It showcases your professionalism and attention to detail.

Cover Letter Salutation

The most professional way to start your cover letter salutation is by using 'Dear' followed by the hiring manager's full name. Using Dear in your cover letter makes you sound polite without being too informal.

The casual Greetings for your cover letter such as- Hi, Hello, or Hey are unprofessional greetings, and please avoid using them.

When You don't know the Hiring Manager's name, refer to the Job title and the department to tailor your greeting-

• Dear Sales and Marketing Hiring Manager
• Dear Data Analyst Hiring Manager
• Dear Client Services Manager

However, You should avoid sounding too generic. Refrain from using greetings such as "To whom it may concern", or "Dear sir/ Madam." They sound too vague and set the wrong impression that you have not bothered to research the company. The Introduction

Your introductory cover letter statement should be such that it hooks the hiring manager to read your cover letter till the end. It is crucial to start your cover letter with a strong opening sentence.

Here are a few tips to start your cover letter with a strong Introduction-

• Mention your total years of experience in a particular field
• Overview of your qualifications and achievements
• Express your enthusiasm and interest in the job position and the company

Cover Letter Body

The cover letter body describes why you are an ideal candidate for the job position. Make a strong connection between your skills and the job requirements.

Showcase your significant contributions achievements across your previous profiles relevant to the job position you are applying for. Back your accomplishments with performance figured wherever possible.

Mention what separates the organization you are targeting from the others in the same domain. List down what it is about the organization that attracts you to work with them. Research about the company thoroughly by referring to their websites and social platforms.

The Closing Paragraph

It is imperative to end your cover letter with a call-to-action. Confidently ask the hiring manager to discuss the opportunity further in an interview via call or in person.

Compel the hiring manager to take the required action with the closing statement of your cover letter. It is vital since it is the last impression a hiring manager will have of you.

Here's an example of writing a closing paragraph of a cover letter

*Enclosed for your consideration is my resume. I'd appreciate the opportunity to further discuss my suitability and qualifications with you on call or in person.

Sincerely, Robert Smith

Enclosures: Resume*

How to Format a Cover Letter?

A cover letter and a resume with improper formatting are going to look cluttered and unprofessional. A good cover letter formatting ensures readability and visibility at first glance.

Formatting Tips for Cover Letter

• Length : An ideal length of a cover letter is 3-4 short paragraphs. Ensure that your cover letter shouldn't exceed a page.
• Font : Choose a professional font in 10 or 12 point size. Basic fonts like Arial, Cambria, Calibri, Verdana, Courier New, and Times New Roman work well.
• Margin : Ensure uniformity in margins. Keep at least 1" on each side of the cover letter. Reduce it to ½" or ¾" on both sides if it exceeds one page.
• White spacing : Ensure enough spacing between paragraphs. Keep a minimum spacing of 1’’to make the cover letter easy to read by both computer and human eyes.
• Pdf Format : Always send your cover letter in pdf format. Sending your cover letter in a word document file or Jpeg/png format is not recommended.

Hiration Pro Tip: Always proofread your cover letter before sending it to the hiring manager. A simple grammatical error or spelling mistakes can prove to be a significant setback for you.

Why is a Cover Letter Closing Important?

You are done with writing a great introduction and compelling body highlighting your relevant qualifications and skills for the job but struggling to make it through the final stretch.

A closing paragraph is one of the most vital elements in your cover letter as it is the last impression of you in the reader's mind.

Move past the generic default of closing letter with "I look forward to hearing from you" or "Please consider my candidacy for the job position in your organization."

Always end your cover letter with a strong call-to-action. But don't be too pushy or casual.

Here's an example of a closing paragraph for your cover letter-

*Enclosed for your consideration is my resume. I would appreciate the opportunity to discuss how my qualifications will benefit your organization's success in call or in person.

Sincerely, Mark John*

Enclosure: Resume

It might sound logical to prepare the ending of the cover letter at last, but it can be hugely beneficial to prepare a few closing paragraphs beforehand.

By preparing the closing statements in advance, You are all set to make a positive impression with a compelling call-to-action. Key components of cover letter closing

The closing paragraph of your cover letter should reiterate your enthusiasm, and it must compel the hiring manager to take the desired action. Your ending is what will be remembered, and it should be direct and substantial.

Tips to keep in Mind While Writing a Closing Paragraph

• Express Acknowledgement : Express your thank you for their time and consideration to review your cover letter and consider you for the job opportunity.
• Focus on the organization : Do not center your cover letter on what you can achieve from the organization. Instead, explain briefly how you can prove to be an asset to the organization.
• A call-to-action : Request for a call or a meet in person to further discuss your suitability and qualifications. Be confident and polite and avoid being overly pushy.
• Signoff : End your cover letter by showcasing professionalism. "Sincerely," "thank you," or "best regards" are pre-eminent.

Cover Letter Closing Mistakes

We have read what a closing paragraph should look like. Let's have a look into what you shouldn't do with the closing statement.

• Keeping it too generic : Employers look through numerous resumes and cover letters in a day. Not targeting your cover letter to the company you are applying to sets the impression that you are not serious about the opportunity.
• Being overconfident or pushy : Avoid being overconfident and writing intrusive statements. Avoid writing statements such as "You would regret not hiring me" or "No one is like you." Politely ask the hiring manager to discuss the opportunity further in call or in person.
• Using humor : Do not try to give an edge to your cover letter with humor. Keep your cover letter personalized and professional. Humor can be offensive to the hiring manager.
• Not proofreading : Always look for typos before sending the final document to the hiring manager. Any spelling errors or grammatical mistakes can set a wrong impression.

Both the cover letter and resume are a testament to your candidacy. Most job seekers focus all their attention on a resume, failing to realize that a cover letter is as essential as a resume.

If you want to secure the job position you are applying for, it is imperative to do it right. Customize your cover letter and resume for every company you apply to. A generic cover letter will do no good to secure a job.

Here's a quick overview of the guide on how to end a cover letter-

• Use the coveted space to showcase your interest and enthusiasm for the job position and how your qualifications and skills can add value to the company.
• Ensure that your cover letter doesn't exceed one page. End your cover letter in 3-4 paragraphs.
• Address your cover letter with the hiring manager's name or refer to the Job title and the department to tailor your greeting. Refrain from using generic greetings.
• Ensure that the length, font, margin, and spacing are ideal
• Always end your cover letter with a call-to-action. Avoid being too confident and pushy.
• Use professional sign-offs such as "sincerely," or "Best Regards," etc. Abstain from being informal
• Always proofread your cover letter and check for typos and send your cover letter in pdf format unless explicitly asked to send in a particular form.

Visit Hiration Cover Letter Builder and choose from 20+ templates and customize a cover letter by including all your required details.

There are 20+ ATS-friendly design templates made available, so you can pick the most suitable one and furnish it according to the job profile that you are applying for.

If you need help to face any interview confidently then check out Hiration's extensive database of 20,000+ interview questions along with sample answers for 150+ work profiles

Additionally, you can also avail our Resume Review Service, where you can upload your existing academic resume on our Online Resume Builder and get valuable feedback from our experts.

Go to Hiration career platform which has 24/7 chat support and get professional assistance with all your job & career-related queries. You can also write to us at [email protected] and we will make sure to reach out to you as soon as possible.

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8 cover letter closing paragraph examples. To help you write a strong closing paragraph, our team of professional writers has crafted a few examples. Use these closing paragraph text examples word-for-word or as inspiration as you write your own. 1. Thank you for taking the time to review my resume.

A pair of hands types on a laptop, working on a cover letter. There's also a list entitled, "Qualities of an Effective Cover Letter Sign-off" that includes these steps: 1. Express confidence 2. Be passionate 3. Connect your qualifications to the position 4. State your goals and expectations 5. Connect o the company's goals and values 6. Focus on technical expertise 7.

Here are six tips to help you write a cover letter closing that makes employers want to call you in for an interview: 1. Restate your value as an employee. Before you prompt the hiring manager to contact you, you need to reinforce why by explaining how you'll add value to the company if hired. The best way to end a cover letter is by ...

How you end your cover letter is extremely important. If you manage to get it right, your application will make an impression and most surely earn you a callback. To make sure you got it right, let's go over the main points we covered in this article: Your cover letter ending should contain a captivating closing paragraph and a signature line.

For example, while "Sincerely," "Thank You," or "Best Regards" are usually safe bets, using "Fondly," "Love," or "Warmly" isn't. In the end, a cover letter is a type of formal correspondence. That means you need to err on the side of caution and avoid a cover letter closing that feels too casual or personal.

Select an appropriate formal closing: Best regards, Sincerely, or Thank you. End your cover letter on a high note. Show that you feel enthusiastic about the position, too. Offer value to the manager in your cover letter ending. Be direct and strong. Use "P.S." to draw attention to your cover letter closing.

Limit your last paragraph to 60 words max, Knutter says.Your entire cover letter should be less than a page, so you should spend as much of that space as possible showing you're qualified. 7. Use a smart sign off. Stick to the classic letter and email closings, like regards, sincerely, and respectfully, Knutter says.

In a cover letter closing paragraph, "different" should mean, "more competent.". Here are three big how to end cover letters mistakes: The pushy ending a cover letter method: I will make it rain all over your damn department! The needy boyfriend closing paragraph cover letter: Please, please give me the job.

Begin a story in the conclusion of your cover letter. Aim to continue that story during the interview. Mention a personal connection at the end of the cover letter. Let's explore in a little more detail below with some example sentences: 1. End your cover letter by addressing the hidden needs of the hiring manager.

25 cover letter ending samples. How to end a cover letter. Reiterate your value as an employee. Indicate the next course of action. Express gratitude. Close your cover letter professionally. Wrap up with a signature. Cover letter ending mistakes. Sign-offs to steer clear of.

Ending a Cover Letter With P.S. One extra tip for ending your cover letter like a pro is using the postscript (P.S.). When hiring managers and recruiters skim through cover letters all day, their eyes are naturally drawn to small changes, like having an extra line or two after your signature.

Thank you for taking the time to consider my application and read my cover letter. I cherish the opportunity to demonstrate my willingness to contribute to the success of your company. #6. Add a Call to Action. After you've expressed gratitude for the recruiter's time, add a strong call to action for the next step.

How to end a cover letter (4 writing tips) There are four things you should do when writing a cover letter ending: Include a strong concluding paragraph. Connect your experience to the company's goals. Remember to thank the employer. Write a compelling CTA. 1. Include a strong concluding paragraph.

2. Pick a Professional Sign Off. A sign off is the traditional one- or two-word phrase used to end your letter, and comes just before your name. By contrast, the short phrase used to address a cover letter — Dear Mr. [Name] — is known as a salutation. Including one is a key element in starting your cover letter.

Key Components of a Good Cover Letter Ending. Show Confidence. Add Your Most Relevant Skills. Restate Your Value Through Enthusiasm. Quantify Your Goals. Show Gratitude. Make It Professional. Examples of How to End a Cover Letter. How to End Your Cover Letter by Quantifying Your Goals and Expectations.

Cover letter ending sample #1. This first sample cover letter conclusion is short, sweet, and confident. This job seeker is offering his insight as something valuable. This simple psychological trick will make him seem as something diserable by the company. Cover letter ending sample #2.

Here are some great strategies and examples of how to finish a cover letter. 1. Be Passionate. Now isn't the time to be too stiff and formal. End on a high note and reiterate your enthusiasm for the job and the company. It's also a great way of demonstrating a positive personality and work ethic.

End your cover letter in 3-4 paragraphs. Address your cover letter with the hiring manager's name or refer to the Job title and the department to tailor your greeting. Refrain from using generic greetings. Ensure that the length, font, margin, and spacing are ideal. Always end your cover letter with a call-to-action.

6. Express your gratitude. Hiring managers may review many CVs and cover letters. Consider using the ending of your cover letter to express gratitude to the hiring manager for considering your application. Adding a simple "thank you" to your last paragraph shows you respect their time and the recruitment process. 7.

Here's a recap of how to end a cover letter: End a cover letter with a promise. Promise listening, growth, enthusiasm, skills, or improving the company's metrics. Use achievements in cover letter closing paragraphslike costs slashed, revenue raised, or quality improved. Include a "PS."

How to end your cover letter. To ensure your cover letter leaves a strong, lasting impression, do the following: Point to your experience and skills. Showcase the value you will add to the system. Add a call to action. Include a professional signoff. Add your signature and contact information. 1.

Example: General Career Change Cover Letter. Dear [Hiring Manager's Name], I am excited to apply for the [Position] at [Company], transitioning from a career in [Current Industry] to [New Industry].

how to make conceptual framework in research paper

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How to Make a Conceptual Framework

• 6-minute read
• 2nd January 2022

What is a conceptual framework? And why is it important?

A conceptual framework illustrates the relationship between the variables of a research question. It’s an outline of what you’d expect to find in a research project.

Conceptual frameworks should be constructed before data collection and are vital because they map out the actions needed in the study. This should be the first step of an undergraduate or graduate research project.

What Is In a Conceptual Framework?

In a conceptual framework, you’ll find a visual representation of the key concepts and relationships that are central to a research study or project . This can be in form of a diagram, flow chart, or any other visual representation. Overall, a conceptual framework serves as a guide for understanding the problem being studied and the methods being used to investigate it.

Steps to Developing the Perfect Conceptual Framework

• Pick a question
• Conduct a literature review
• Identify your variables
• Create your conceptual framework

1. Pick a Question

You should already have some idea of the broad area of your research project. Try to narrow down your research field to a manageable topic in terms of time and resources. From there, you need to formulate your research question. A research question answers the researcher’s query: “What do I want to know about my topic?” Research questions should be focused, concise, arguable and, ideally, should address a topic of importance within your field of research.

An example of a simple research question is: “What is the relationship between sunny days and ice cream sales?”

2. Conduct a Literature Review

A literature review is an analysis of the scholarly publications on a chosen topic. To undertake a literature review, search for articles with the same theme as your research question. Choose updated and relevant articles to analyze and use peer-reviewed and well-respected journals whenever possible.

For the above example, the literature review would investigate publications that discuss how ice cream sales are affected by the weather. The literature review should reveal the variables involved and any current hypotheses about this relationship.

3. Identify Your Variables

There are two key variables in every experiment: independent and dependent variables.

Independent Variables

The independent variable (otherwise known as the predictor or explanatory variable) is the expected cause of the experiment: what the scientist changes or changes on its own. In our example, the independent variable would be “the number of sunny days.”

Dependent Variables

The dependent variable (otherwise known as the response or outcome variable) is the expected effect of the experiment: what is being studied or measured. In our example, the dependent variable would be “the quantity of ice cream sold.”

Next, there are control variables.

Control Variables

A control variable is a variable that may impact the dependent variable but whose effects are not going to be measured in the research project. In our example, a control variable could be “the socioeconomic status of participants.” Control variables should be kept constant to isolate the effects of the other variables in the experiment.

Finally, there are intervening and extraneous variables.

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Intervening Variables

Intervening variables link the independent and dependent variables and clarify their connection. In our example, an intervening variable could be “temperature.”

Extraneous Variables

Extraneous variables are any variables that are not being investigated but could impact the outcomes of the study. Some instances of extraneous variables for our example would be “the average price of ice cream” or “the number of varieties of ice cream available.” If you control an extraneous variable, it becomes a control variable.

4. Create Your Conceptual Framework

Having picked your research question, undertaken a literature review, and identified the relevant variables, it’s now time to construct your conceptual framework. Conceptual frameworks are clear and often visual representations of the relationships between variables.

We’ll start with the basics: the independent and dependent variables.

Our hypothesis is that the quantity of ice cream sold directly depends on the number of sunny days; hence, there is a cause-and-effect relationship between the independent variable (the number of sunny days) and the dependent and independent variable (the quantity of ice cream sold).

Next, introduce a control variable. Remember, this is anything that might directly affect the dependent variable but is not being measured in the experiment:

Finally, introduce the intervening and extraneous variables. 

The intervening variable (temperature) clarifies the relationship between the independent variable (the number of sunny days) and the dependent variable (the quantity of ice cream sold). Extraneous variables, such as the average price of ice cream, are variables that are not controlled and can potentially impact the dependent variable.

Are Conceptual Frameworks and Research Paradigms the Same?

In simple terms, the research paradigm is what informs your conceptual framework. In defining our research paradigm we ask the big questions—Is there an objective truth and how can we understand it? If we decide the answer is yes, we may be working with a positivist research paradigm and will choose to build a conceptual framework that displays the relationship between fixed variables. If not, we may be working with a constructivist research paradigm, and thus our conceptual framework will be more of a loose amalgamation of ideas, theories, and themes (a qualitative study). If this is confusing–don’t worry! We have an excellent blog post explaining research paradigms in more detail.

Where is the Conceptual Framework Located in a Thesis?

This will depend on your discipline, research type, and school’s guidelines, but most papers will include a section presenting the conceptual framework in the introduction, literature review, or opening chapter. It’s best to present your conceptual framework after presenting your research question, but before outlining your methodology.

Can a Conceptual Framework be Used in a Qualitative Study?

Yes. Despite being less clear-cut than a quantitative study, all studies should present some form of a conceptual framework. Let’s say you were doing a study on care home practices and happiness, and you came across a “happiness model” constructed by a relevant theorist in your literature review. Your conceptual framework could be an outline or a visual depiction of how you will use this model to collect and interpret qualitative data for your own study (such as interview responses). Check out this useful resource showing other examples of conceptual frameworks for qualitative studies .

Expert Proofreading for Researchers

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How to use a conceptual framework for better research.

A conceptual framework in research is not just a tool but a vital roadmap that guides the entire research process. It integrates various theories, assumptions, and beliefs to provide a structured approach to research. By defining a conceptual framework, researchers can focus their inquiries and clarify their hypotheses, leading to more effective and meaningful research outcomes.

What is a Conceptual Framework?

A conceptual framework is essentially an analytical tool that combines concepts and sets them within an appropriate theoretical structure. It serves as a lens through which researchers view the complexities of the real world. The importance of a conceptual framework lies in its ability to serve as a guide, helping researchers to not only visualize but also systematically approach their study.

Key Components and to be Analyzed During Research

• Theories: These are the underlying principles that guide the hypotheses and assumptions of the research.
• Assumptions: These are the accepted truths that are not tested within the scope of the research but are essential for framing the study.
• Beliefs: These often reflect the subjective viewpoints that may influence the interpretation of data.
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Together, these components help to define the conceptual framework that directs the research towards its ultimate goal. This structured approach not only improves clarity but also enhances the validity and reliability of the research outcomes. By using a conceptual framework, researchers can avoid common pitfalls and focus on essential variables and relationships.

For practical examples and to see how different frameworks can be applied in various research scenarios, you can Explore Conceptual Framework Examples .

Different Types of Conceptual Frameworks Used in Research

Understanding the various types of conceptual frameworks is crucial for researchers aiming to align their studies with the most effective structure. Conceptual frameworks in research vary primarily between theoretical and operational frameworks, each serving distinct purposes and suiting different research methodologies.

Theoretical vs Operational Frameworks

Theoretical frameworks are built upon existing theories and literature, providing a broad and abstract understanding of the research topic. They help in forming the basis of the study by linking the research to already established scholarly works. On the other hand, operational frameworks are more practical, focusing on how the study’s theories will be tested through specific procedures and variables.

• Theoretical frameworks are ideal for exploratory studies and can help in understanding complex phenomena.
• Operational frameworks suit studies requiring precise measurement and data analysis.

Choosing the Right Framework

Selecting the appropriate conceptual framework is pivotal for the success of a research project. It involves matching the research questions with the framework that best addresses the methodological needs of the study. For instance, a theoretical framework might be chosen for studies that aim to generate new theories, while an operational framework would be better suited for testing specific hypotheses.

Benefits of choosing the right framework include enhanced clarity, better alignment with research goals, and improved validity of research outcomes. Tools like Table Chart Maker can be instrumental in visually comparing the strengths and weaknesses of different frameworks, aiding in this crucial decision-making process.

Real-World Examples of Conceptual Frameworks in Research

Understanding the practical application of conceptual frameworks in research can significantly enhance the clarity and effectiveness of your studies. Here, we explore several real-world case studies that demonstrate the pivotal role of conceptual frameworks in achieving robust research conclusions.

• Healthcare Research: In a study examining the impact of lifestyle choices on chronic diseases, researchers used a conceptual framework to link dietary habits, exercise, and genetic predispositions. This framework helped in identifying key variables and their interrelations, leading to more targeted interventions.
• Educational Development: Educational theorists often employ conceptual frameworks to explore the dynamics between teaching methods and student learning outcomes. One notable study mapped out the influences of digital tools on learning engagement, providing insights that shaped educational policies.
• Environmental Policy: Conceptual frameworks have been crucial in environmental research, particularly in studies on climate change adaptation. By framing the relationships between human activity, ecological changes, and policy responses, researchers have been able to propose more effective sustainability strategies.

Adapting conceptual frameworks based on evolving research data is also critical. As new information becomes available, it’s essential to revisit and adjust the framework to maintain its relevance and accuracy, ensuring that the research remains aligned with real-world conditions.

For those looking to visualize and better comprehend their research frameworks, Graphic Organizers for Conceptual Frameworks can be an invaluable tool. These organizers help in structuring and presenting research findings clearly, enhancing both the process and the presentation of your research.

Step-by-Step Guide to Creating Your Own Conceptual Framework

Creating a conceptual framework is a critical step in structuring your research to ensure clarity and focus. This guide will walk you through the process of building a robust framework, from identifying key concepts to refining your approach as your research evolves.

Building Blocks of a Conceptual Framework

• Identify and Define Main Concepts and Variables: Start by clearly identifying the main concepts, variables, and their relationships that will form the basis of your research. This could include defining key terms and establishing the scope of your study.
• Develop a Hypothesis or Primary Research Question: Formulate a central hypothesis or question that guides the direction of your research. This will serve as the foundation upon which your conceptual framework is built.
• Link Theories and Concepts Logically: Connect your identified concepts and variables with existing theories to create a coherent structure. This logical linking helps in forming a strong theoretical base for your research.

Visualizing and Refining Your Framework

Using visual tools can significantly enhance the clarity and effectiveness of your conceptual framework. Decision Tree Templates for Conceptual Frameworks can be particularly useful in mapping out the relationships between variables and hypotheses.

Map Your Framework: Utilize tools like Creately’s visual canvas to diagram your framework. This visual representation helps in identifying gaps or overlaps in your framework and provides a clear overview of your research structure.

Analyze and Refine: As your research progresses, continuously evaluate and refine your framework. Adjustments may be necessary as new data comes to light or as initial assumptions are challenged.

By following these steps, you can ensure that your conceptual framework is not only well-defined but also adaptable to the changing dynamics of your research.

Practical Tips for Utilizing Conceptual Frameworks in Research

Effectively utilizing a conceptual framework in research not only streamlines the process but also enhances the clarity and coherence of your findings. Here are some practical tips to maximize the use of conceptual frameworks in your research endeavors.

• Setting Clear Research Goals: Begin by defining precise objectives that are aligned with your research questions. This clarity will guide your entire research process, ensuring that every step you take is purposeful and directly contributes to your overall study aims. \
• Maintaining Focus and Coherence: Throughout the research, consistently refer back to your conceptual framework to maintain focus. This will help in keeping your research aligned with the initial goals and prevent deviations that could dilute the effectiveness of your findings.
• Data Analysis and Interpretation: Use your conceptual framework as a lens through which to view and interpret data. This approach ensures that the data analysis is not only systematic but also meaningful in the context of your research objectives. For more insights, explore Research Data Analysis Methods .
• Presenting Research Findings: When it comes time to present your findings, structure your presentation around the conceptual framework . This will help your audience understand the logical flow of your research and how each part contributes to the whole.
• Avoiding Common Pitfalls: Be vigilant about common errors such as overcomplicating the framework or misaligning the research methods with the framework’s structure. Keeping it simple and aligned ensures that the framework effectively supports your research.

By adhering to these tips and utilizing tools like 7 Essential Visual Tools for Social Work Assessment , researchers can ensure that their conceptual frameworks are not only robust but also practically applicable in their studies.

How Creately Enhances the Creation and Use of Conceptual Frameworks

Creating a robust conceptual framework is pivotal for effective research, and Creately’s suite of visual tools offers unparalleled support in this endeavor. By leveraging Creately’s features, researchers can visualize, organize, and analyze their research frameworks more efficiently.

• Visual Mapping of Research Plans: Creately’s infinite visual canvas allows researchers to map out their entire research plan visually. This helps in understanding the complex relationships between different research variables and theories, enhancing the clarity and effectiveness of the research process.
• Brainstorming with Mind Maps: Using Mind Mapping Software , researchers can generate and organize ideas dynamically. Creately’s intelligent formatting helps in brainstorming sessions, making it easier to explore multiple topics or delve deeply into specific concepts.
• Centralized Data Management: Creately enables the importation of data from multiple sources, which can be integrated into the visual research framework. This centralization aids in maintaining a cohesive and comprehensive overview of all research elements, ensuring that no critical information is overlooked.
• Communication and Collaboration: The platform supports real-time collaboration, allowing teams to work together seamlessly, regardless of their physical location. This feature is crucial for research teams spread across different geographies, facilitating effective communication and iterative feedback throughout the research process.

Moreover, the ability t Explore Conceptual Framework Examples directly within Creately inspires researchers by providing practical templates and examples that can be customized to suit specific research needs. This not only saves time but also enhances the quality of the conceptual framework developed.

In conclusion, Creately’s tools for creating and managing conceptual frameworks are indispensable for researchers aiming to achieve clear, structured, and impactful research outcomes.

Join over thousands of organizations that use Creately to brainstorm, plan, analyze, and execute their projects successfully.

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Chiraag George is a communication specialist here at Creately. He is a marketing junkie that is fascinated by how brands occupy consumer mind space. A lover of all things tech, he writes a lot about the intersection of technology, branding and culture at large.

Conceptual Framework: A Step-by-Step Guide on How to Make One

What is a conceptual framework? How do you prepare one? This article defines the conceptual framework and lists the steps on how to prepare it. A simplified example is added to strengthen the reader’s understanding.

In preparing your research paper as one requirement for your course as an undergraduate or graduate student, you will need to write the conceptual framework of your study. The conceptual framework steers the whole research activity. The conceptual framework serves as a “map” or “rudder” that will guide you towards realizing your study’s objectives or intent.

What, then, is a conceptual framework in empirical research? The next section defines and explains the term.

Table of Contents

Definition of conceptual framework.

A conceptual framework represents the researcher’s synthesis of the literature on how to explain a phenomenon. It maps out the actions required in the study’s course, given the researcher’s previous knowledge of other researchers’ point of view and his or her observations about the phenomenon studied.

The conceptual framework is the researcher’s understanding of how the particular  variables  in the study connect. Thus, it identifies the variables required in the research investigation. It is the researcher’s “map” in pursuing the investigation.

As McGaghie  et al . (2001) put it: The conceptual framework “sets the stage” to present the particular research question that drives the investigation being reported based on the problem statement. The problem statement of a thesis gives the context and the issues that caused the researcher to conduct the study.

The conceptual framework lies within a much broader framework called a theoretical framework . The latter draws support from time-tested theories that embody many researchers’ findings on why and how a particular phenomenon occurs.

I expounded on this definition, including its purpose, in my recent post titled “ What is a Conceptual Framework? Expounded Definition and Five Purposes .”

4 Steps on How to Make the Conceptual Framework

Before you prepare your conceptual framework, you need to do the following things:

Choose your topic

Decide on what will be your research topic. The topic should be within your field of specialization. (Generate your research topic using brainstorming tips ).

Do a literature review

Review relevant and updated research on the theme that you decide to work on after scrutiny of the issue at hand. Preferably use peer-reviewed , and well-known scientific journals as these are reliable sources of information.

Isolate the important variables

Identify the specific variables described in the literature and figure out how these are related. Some research abstracts contain the variables, and the salient findings thus may serve the purpose. If these are not available, find the research paper’s summary.

If the variables are not explicit in summary, get back to the methodology or the results and discussion section and quickly identify the study variables and the significant findings. Read  the TSPU Technique  to skim articles efficiently and get to the essential points with little fuss.

Generate the conceptual framework

Build your conceptual framework using your mix of the variables from the scientific articles you have read. Your problem statement or research objective serves as a reference for constructing it. In effect, your study will attempt to answer the question that other researchers have not explained yet. Your research should address a knowledge gap .

Example of a Conceptual Framework

Research topic.

Statement number 5 introduced in an earlier post titled How to Write a Thesis Statement  will serve as the basis of the illustrated conceptual framework in the following examples.

The youth, particularly students who need to devote a lot of time using their mobile phones to access their course modules, laptops, or desktops, are most affected. Also, they spend time interacting with their mobile phones as they communicate with their friends on social media channels like Facebook, Messenger, and the like.

When free from schoolwork, many students spend their time viewing films on Netflix, YouTube, or similar sites. These activities can affect their sleeping patterns and cause health problems in the long run because light-emitting diode (LED) exposure reduces the number of hours spent sleeping.

Thesis Statement

Related to the students’ activity, we can write the thesis statement thus:

Thesis statement : Chronic exposure to blue light from LED screens (of computer monitors ,  mobile phones, tablets, and television) deplete melatonin levels, thus reducing the number of sleeping hours among the youth, particularly students who need to work on their academic requirements.

Review of Literature

The literature review supports the thesis statement as among those that catch one’s attention is a paper that warns against the use of LED devices at night. Although we can save a lot of electrical energy by using the efficient LED where the inventors Isamu Akasaki, Hiroshi Amano and Shuji Nakamura received a Nobel prize in physics in 2014, there is growing evidence that it can cause human health problems, particularly cancer.

Haim & Zubidat (2015) of the Israeli Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Chronobiology synthesized the literature about LEDs. They found out that blue light from the light-emitting diodes (LED) inhibits melatonin production, particularly during active secretion at night. Melatonin is a neuro-hormone that regulates sleep and wake cycles. Also, it can slow down aging and prevent cancer (Srinivasan et al., 2011).

Thus, looking directly at your laptop, mobile phone, or television at night not only can severely damage your eyes but also prevent the achievement of sound sleeping patterns. As a countermeasure, sleep experts recommend limiting the use of digital devices until 8 o’clock in the evening.

Those affected experience insomnia (see 10 Creative Ways on How to Get Rid of Insomnia ); they sleep less than required (usually less than six hours), and this happens when they spend too much time working on their laptops doing some machine learning stuff, monitoring conversations or posts on social media sites using their mobile phones, or viewing the television at night.

Variables Isolated from the Literature

Using the background information backed by evidence in the literature review, we can now develop the study’s paradigm on the effect of LED exposure to sleep. We will not include all the variables mentioned and select or isolate only those factors that we are interested in.

Figure 1 presents a visual representation, the paradigm, of what we want to correlate in this study. It shows measurable variables that can produce data we can analyze using a statistical test such as either the parametric test Pearson’s Product-Moment Correlation or the nonparametric test Spearman Rho (please refresh if you cannot see the figure).

Notice that the variables of the study are explicit in the paradigm presented in Figure 1. In the illustration, the two variables are:

1) the number of hours devoted in front of the computer, and 2) the number of hours slept through the night until dawn.

The former is the independent variable, while the latter is the dependent variable. Both variables are easy to measure. It is just counting the number of hours spent in front of the computer and the number of hours slept through the night in the study subjects.

Assuming that other things are constant during the study’s performance, it will be possible to relate these two variables and confirm that, indeed, blue light emanated from computer screens can affect one’s sleeping patterns. (Please read the article titled “ Do you know that the computer can disturb your sleeping patterns ?” to find out more about this phenomenon). A correlation analysis will show if the relationship is significant.

Related Reading :

• How the conceptual framework guides marketing research

Evolution of a Social Theory as Basis of Conceptual Framework Development

Related to the development of the conceptual framework, I wrote a comprehensive article on how a social theory develops by incisively looking at current events that the world is facing now — the COVID-19 pandemic. It shows how society responds to a threat to its very survival.

Specifically, this article focuses on the COVID-19 vaccine, how it develops and gets integrated into the complex fabric of human society. It shows how the development of the vaccine is only part of the story. A major consideration in its development resides in the supporters of the vaccine’s development, the government, and the recipients’ trust, thus the final acceptance of the vaccine.

Social theory serves as the backdrop or theoretical framework of the more focused or variable level conceptual framework. Hence, the paradigm that I develop at the end of that article can serve as a lens to examine how the three players of vaccine development interact more closely at the variable level. It shows the dynamics of power and social structure and how it unfolds in response to a pandemic that affects everyone.

Check out the article titled “ Pfizer COVID-19 Vaccine: More Than 90% Effective Against the Coronavirus .” This article shall enrich your knowledge of how an abstract concept narrows down into blocks of researchable topics.

Haim, A., & Zubidat, A. E. (2015). LED light between Nobel Prize and cancer risk factor. Chronobiology International , 32 (5), 725-727.

McGaghie, W. C.; Bordage, G.; and J. A. Shea (2001). Problem Statement, Conceptual Framework, and Research Question. Retrieved on January 5, 2015 from http://goo.gl/qLIUFg

Srinivasan, V., R Pandi-Perumal, S., Brzezinski, A., P Bhatnagar, K., & P Cardinali, D. (2011). Melatonin, immune function and cancer. Recent patents on endocrine, metabolic & immune drug discovery , 5 (2), 109-123.

©2015 January 5 P. A. Regoniel

Cite as: Regoniel, P. A. (2015, January 5). Conceptual framework: a step-by-step guide on how to make one. Research-based Articles. https://simplyeducate.me/wordpress_Y/2015/01/05/conceptual-framework-guide/

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About the author, patrick regoniel.

Dr. Regoniel, a faculty member of the graduate school, served as consultant to various environmental research and development projects covering issues and concerns on climate change, coral reef resources and management, economic valuation of environmental and natural resources, mining, and waste management and pollution. He has extensive experience on applied statistics, systems modelling and analysis, an avid practitioner of LaTeX, and a multidisciplinary web developer. He leverages pioneering AI-powered content creation tools to produce unique and comprehensive articles in this website.

104 Comments

hallo! I would like to study “the socio-economic and environmental Impact of urban forests on livelihood: The perception of urban residents” how can my conceptual framework be like?

Hello Jesse, there are many free alternatives online if you are diligent enough in finding them. The reason I wrote this article is that in 2015, when I originally wrote it, I could not find an easy-to-understand explanation of the conceptual framework which will help my students. I also have a vague knowledge of the concept at that time, even with the available literature. Hence, I painstakingly gathered all materials I could from online and offline literature, synthesized them, and wrote about the concept in the simplest way I could without losing the essence. Now, I have seen many articles and even videos using the ideas I have rigorously prepared. If you find the tedious work I did irrelevant, then perhaps the ebook is expensive notwithstanding the many expenses on hosting, domain name, time and effort in maintaining the site that I incur in keeping this website online and make this ebook available to everyone.

I read the article how still struggling to come up with a conceptual framework, may you please assist, how should I go about as a new researcher my topic; INVESTIGATE THE DECISION TO TRANSFER NINE (9) FUNCTIONS OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH TO LOCAL GOVERNMENT . Purpose: The purpose of this research is to review the delivery of EHS at the local government with a view to understanding the variation in performance and their causes. questions are: 1.2.1 What factors explain the performance variation in the delivery of EHS across municipalities? 1.2.2 How has devolution of the EH function aided or harmed the delivery of EHS?

Hello Mr. Siyabonga. I think what you want to find out is how environmental health services (EHS) performed at the local government level. In doing so, you need to have a set of indicators of successful transition. How is performance assessed? Once you already have a measure of success, then you need to define which variables in the local government have significantly influenced performance. After you have done so, then you can try to correlate local government characteristics and their performance.

I hope that helps.

My name is Jobson, my research topic is: The scope of Ugandan nurses and midwives in using the nursing process in the care of patients

our topic is Neutrophil and Lymphocyte Ratio as a Diagnostic Biomarker for Kidney Stones (experimental) How do I come up with a conceptual framework? What would be the variables?

My topic: E-commerce Platform for Agricultural and Construction Supplies with e-KYC Identification, Feed Page, and Products Bidding Will you please help me to make Conceptual Framework written with visual representation. thank you so much in advance.

Good day Jomar, I am not so clear about what you want to do. Can you write the objectives of your study? You can read about framing the research objectives here: https://simplyeducate.me/wordpress_Y/2020/03/15/research-objective/

My topic is; Mitigating against Childmaltreatment in earlychildhood through positive parenting: Chronicles of first time parents in XYZ City”

How do I come up with a conceptual framework? What would be variables?

Hello Phathi, Apparently, you are trying to relate parenting and child behavior?

Assessing the use of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) as a storage information tool in estate management:

How do i come up with a conceptual framework. What would be variables??

Dear Mbuso, Why will you assess the GIS use in estate management? What is it for?

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• What Is a Conceptual Framework? | Tips & Examples

What Is a Conceptual Framework? | Tips & Examples

Published on 4 May 2022 by Bas Swaen and Tegan George. Revised on 18 March 2024.

A conceptual framework illustrates the expected relationship between your variables. It defines the relevant objectives for your research process and maps out how they come together to draw coherent conclusions.

Keep reading for a step-by-step guide to help you construct your own conceptual framework.

Table of contents

Developing a conceptual framework in research, step 1: choose your research question, step 2: select your independent and dependent variables, step 3: visualise your cause-and-effect relationship, step 4: identify other influencing variables, frequently asked questions about conceptual models.

A conceptual framework is a representation of the relationship you expect to see between your variables, or the characteristics or properties that you want to study.

Conceptual frameworks can be written or visual and are generally developed based on a literature review of existing studies about your topic.

Your research question guides your work by determining exactly what you want to find out, giving your research process a clear focus.

However, before you start collecting your data, consider constructing a conceptual framework. This will help you map out which variables you will measure and how you expect them to relate to one another.

In order to move forward with your research question and test a cause-and-effect relationship, you must first identify at least two key variables: your independent and dependent variables .

• The expected cause, ‘hours of study’, is the independent variable (the predictor, or explanatory variable)
• The expected effect, ‘exam score’, is the dependent variable (the response, or outcome variable).

Note that causal relationships often involve several independent variables that affect the dependent variable. For the purpose of this example, we’ll work with just one independent variable (‘hours of study’).

Now that you’ve figured out your research question and variables, the first step in designing your conceptual framework is visualising your expected cause-and-effect relationship.

It’s crucial to identify other variables that can influence the relationship between your independent and dependent variables early in your research process.

Some common variables to include are moderating, mediating, and control variables.

Moderating variables

Moderating variable (or moderators) alter the effect that an independent variable has on a dependent variable. In other words, moderators change the ‘effect’ component of the cause-and-effect relationship.

Let’s add the moderator ‘IQ’. Here, a student’s IQ level can change the effect that the variable ‘hours of study’ has on the exam score. The higher the IQ, the fewer hours of study are needed to do well on the exam.

Let’s take a look at how this might work. The graph below shows how the number of hours spent studying affects exam score. As expected, the more hours you study, the better your results. Here, a student who studies for 20 hours will get a perfect score.

But the graph looks different when we add our ‘IQ’ moderator of 120. A student with this IQ will achieve a perfect score after just 15 hours of study.

Below, the value of the ‘IQ’ moderator has been increased to 150. A student with this IQ will only need to invest five hours of study in order to get a perfect score.

Here, we see that a moderating variable does indeed change the cause-and-effect relationship between two variables.

Mediating variables

Now we’ll expand the framework by adding a mediating variable . Mediating variables link the independent and dependent variables, allowing the relationship between them to be better explained.

Here’s how the conceptual framework might look if a mediator variable were involved:

In this case, the mediator helps explain why studying more hours leads to a higher exam score. The more hours a student studies, the more practice problems they will complete; the more practice problems completed, the higher the student’s exam score will be.

Moderator vs mediator

It’s important not to confuse moderating and mediating variables. To remember the difference, you can think of them in relation to the independent variable:

• A moderating variable is not affected by the independent variable, even though it affects the dependent variable. For example, no matter how many hours you study (the independent variable), your IQ will not get higher.
• A mediating variable is affected by the independent variable. In turn, it also affects the dependent variable. Therefore, it links the two variables and helps explain the relationship between them.

Control variables

Lastly,  control variables must also be taken into account. These are variables that are held constant so that they don’t interfere with the results. Even though you aren’t interested in measuring them for your study, it’s crucial to be aware of as many of them as you can be.

A mediator variable explains the process through which two variables are related, while a moderator variable affects the strength and direction of that relationship.

No. The value of a dependent variable depends on an independent variable, so a variable cannot be both independent and dependent at the same time. It must be either the cause or the effect, not both.

Yes, but including more than one of either type requires multiple research questions .

For example, if you are interested in the effect of a diet on health, you can use multiple measures of health: blood sugar, blood pressure, weight, pulse, and many more. Each of these is its own dependent variable with its own research question.

You could also choose to look at the effect of exercise levels as well as diet, or even the additional effect of the two combined. Each of these is a separate independent variable .

To ensure the internal validity of an experiment , you should only change one independent variable at a time.

A control variable is any variable that’s held constant in a research study. It’s not a variable of interest in the study, but it’s controlled because it could influence the outcomes.

A confounding variable , also called a confounder or confounding factor, is a third variable in a study examining a potential cause-and-effect relationship.

A confounding variable is related to both the supposed cause and the supposed effect of the study. It can be difficult to separate the true effect of the independent variable from the effect of the confounding variable.

In your research design , it’s important to identify potential confounding variables and plan how you will reduce their impact.

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Home » Conceptual Framework – Types, Methodology and Examples

Conceptual Framework – Types, Methodology and Examples

Conceptual Framework

Definition:

A conceptual framework is a structured approach to organizing and understanding complex ideas, theories, or concepts. It provides a systematic and coherent way of thinking about a problem or topic, and helps to guide research or analysis in a particular field.

A conceptual framework typically includes a set of assumptions, concepts, and propositions that form a theoretical framework for understanding a particular phenomenon. It can be used to develop hypotheses, guide empirical research, or provide a framework for evaluating and interpreting data.

Conceptual Framework in Research

In research, a conceptual framework is a theoretical structure that provides a framework for understanding a particular phenomenon or problem. It is a key component of any research project and helps to guide the research process from start to finish.

A conceptual framework provides a clear understanding of the variables, relationships, and assumptions that underpin a research study. It outlines the key concepts that the study is investigating and how they are related to each other. It also defines the scope of the study and sets out the research questions or hypotheses.

Types of Conceptual Framework

Types of Conceptual Framework are as follows:

Theoretical Framework

A theoretical framework is an overarching set of concepts, ideas, and assumptions that help to explain and interpret a phenomenon. It provides a theoretical perspective on the phenomenon being studied and helps researchers to identify the relationships between different concepts. For example, a theoretical framework for a study on the impact of social media on mental health might draw on theories of communication, social influence, and psychological well-being.

Conceptual Model

A conceptual model is a visual or written representation of a complex system or phenomenon. It helps to identify the main components of the system and the relationships between them. For example, a conceptual model for a study on the factors that influence employee turnover might include factors such as job satisfaction, salary, work-life balance, and job security, and the relationships between them.

Empirical Framework

An empirical framework is based on empirical data and helps to explain a particular phenomenon. It involves collecting data, analyzing it, and developing a framework to explain the results. For example, an empirical framework for a study on the impact of a new health intervention might involve collecting data on the intervention’s effectiveness, cost, and acceptability to patients.

Descriptive Framework

A descriptive framework is used to describe a particular phenomenon. It helps to identify the main characteristics of the phenomenon and to develop a vocabulary to describe it. For example, a descriptive framework for a study on different types of musical genres might include descriptions of the instruments used, the rhythms and beats, the vocal styles, and the cultural contexts of each genre.

Analytical Framework

An analytical framework is used to analyze a particular phenomenon. It involves breaking down the phenomenon into its constituent parts and analyzing them separately. This type of framework is often used in social science research. For example, an analytical framework for a study on the impact of race on police brutality might involve analyzing the historical and cultural factors that contribute to racial bias, the organizational factors that influence police behavior, and the psychological factors that influence individual officers’ behavior.

Conceptual Framework for Policy Analysis

A conceptual framework for policy analysis is used to guide the development of policies or programs. It helps policymakers to identify the key issues and to develop strategies to address them. For example, a conceptual framework for a policy analysis on climate change might involve identifying the key stakeholders, assessing their interests and concerns, and developing policy options to mitigate the impacts of climate change.

Logical Frameworks

Logical frameworks are used to plan and evaluate projects and programs. They provide a structured approach to identifying project goals, objectives, and outcomes, and help to ensure that all stakeholders are aligned and working towards the same objectives.

Conceptual Frameworks for Program Evaluation

These frameworks are used to evaluate the effectiveness of programs or interventions. They provide a structure for identifying program goals, objectives, and outcomes, and help to measure the impact of the program on its intended beneficiaries.

Conceptual Frameworks for Organizational Analysis

These frameworks are used to analyze and evaluate organizational structures, processes, and performance. They provide a structured approach to understanding the relationships between different departments, functions, and stakeholders within an organization.

Conceptual Frameworks for Strategic Planning

These frameworks are used to develop and implement strategic plans for organizations or businesses. They help to identify the key factors and stakeholders that will impact the success of the plan, and provide a structure for setting goals, developing strategies, and monitoring progress.

Components of Conceptual Framework

The components of a conceptual framework typically include:

• Research question or problem statement : This component defines the problem or question that the conceptual framework seeks to address. It sets the stage for the development of the framework and guides the selection of the relevant concepts and constructs.
• Concepts : These are the general ideas, principles, or categories that are used to describe and explain the phenomenon or problem under investigation. Concepts provide the building blocks of the framework and help to establish a common language for discussing the issue.
• Constructs : Constructs are the specific variables or concepts that are used to operationalize the general concepts. They are measurable or observable and serve as indicators of the underlying concept.
• Propositions or hypotheses : These are statements that describe the relationships between the concepts or constructs in the framework. They provide a basis for testing the validity of the framework and for generating new insights or theories.
• Assumptions : These are the underlying beliefs or values that shape the framework. They may be explicit or implicit and may influence the selection and interpretation of the concepts and constructs.
• Boundaries : These are the limits or scope of the framework. They define the focus of the investigation and help to clarify what is included and excluded from the analysis.
• Context : This component refers to the broader social, cultural, and historical factors that shape the phenomenon or problem under investigation. It helps to situate the framework within a larger theoretical or empirical context and to identify the relevant variables and factors that may affect the phenomenon.
• Relationships and connections: These are the connections and interrelationships between the different components of the conceptual framework. They describe how the concepts and constructs are linked and how they contribute to the overall understanding of the phenomenon or problem.
• Variables : These are the factors that are being measured or observed in the study. They are often operationalized as constructs and are used to test the propositions or hypotheses.
• Methodology : This component describes the research methods and techniques that will be used to collect and analyze data. It includes the sampling strategy, data collection methods, data analysis techniques, and ethical considerations.
• Literature review : This component provides an overview of the existing research and theories related to the phenomenon or problem under investigation. It helps to identify the gaps in the literature and to situate the framework within the broader theoretical and empirical context.
• Outcomes and implications: These are the expected outcomes or implications of the study. They describe the potential contributions of the study to the theoretical and empirical knowledge in the field and the practical implications for policy and practice.

Conceptual Framework Methodology

Conceptual Framework Methodology is a research method that is commonly used in academic and scientific research to develop a theoretical framework for a study. It is a systematic approach that helps researchers to organize their thoughts and ideas, identify the variables that are relevant to their study, and establish the relationships between these variables.

Here are the steps involved in the conceptual framework methodology:

Identify the Research Problem

The first step is to identify the research problem or question that the study aims to answer. This involves identifying the gaps in the existing literature and determining what specific issue the study aims to address.

Conduct a Literature Review

The second step involves conducting a thorough literature review to identify the existing theories, models, and frameworks that are relevant to the research question. This will help the researcher to identify the key concepts and variables that need to be considered in the study.

Define key Concepts and Variables

The next step is to define the key concepts and variables that are relevant to the study. This involves clearly defining the terms used in the study, and identifying the factors that will be measured or observed in the study.

Develop a Theoretical Framework

Once the key concepts and variables have been identified, the researcher can develop a theoretical framework. This involves establishing the relationships between the key concepts and variables, and creating a visual representation of these relationships.

Test the Framework

The final step is to test the theoretical framework using empirical data. This involves collecting and analyzing data to determine whether the relationships between the key concepts and variables that were identified in the framework are accurate and valid.

Examples of Conceptual Framework

Some realtime Examples of Conceptual Framework are as follows:

• In economics , the concept of supply and demand is a well-known conceptual framework. It provides a structure for understanding how prices are set in a market, based on the interplay of the quantity of goods supplied by producers and the quantity of goods demanded by consumers.
• In psychology , the cognitive-behavioral framework is a widely used conceptual framework for understanding mental health and illness. It emphasizes the role of thoughts and behaviors in shaping emotions and the importance of cognitive restructuring and behavior change in treatment.
• In sociology , the social determinants of health framework provides a way of understanding how social and economic factors such as income, education, and race influence health outcomes. This framework is widely used in public health research and policy.
• In environmental science , the ecosystem services framework is a way of understanding the benefits that humans derive from natural ecosystems, such as clean air and water, pollination, and carbon storage. This framework is used to guide conservation and land-use decisions.
• In education, the constructivist framework is a way of understanding how learners construct knowledge through active engagement with their environment. This framework is used to guide instructional design and teaching strategies.

Applications of Conceptual Framework

Some of the applications of Conceptual Frameworks are as follows:

• Research : Conceptual frameworks are used in research to guide the design, implementation, and interpretation of studies. Researchers use conceptual frameworks to develop hypotheses, identify research questions, and select appropriate methods for collecting and analyzing data.
• Policy: Conceptual frameworks are used in policy-making to guide the development of policies and programs. Policymakers use conceptual frameworks to identify key factors that influence a particular problem or issue, and to develop strategies for addressing them.
• Education : Conceptual frameworks are used in education to guide the design and implementation of instructional strategies and curriculum. Educators use conceptual frameworks to identify learning objectives, select appropriate teaching methods, and assess student learning.
• Management : Conceptual frameworks are used in management to guide decision-making and strategy development. Managers use conceptual frameworks to understand the internal and external factors that influence their organizations, and to develop strategies for achieving their goals.
• Evaluation : Conceptual frameworks are used in evaluation to guide the development of evaluation plans and to interpret evaluation results. Evaluators use conceptual frameworks to identify key outcomes, indicators, and measures, and to develop a logic model for their evaluation.

Purpose of Conceptual Framework

The purpose of a conceptual framework is to provide a theoretical foundation for understanding and analyzing complex phenomena. Conceptual frameworks help to:

• Guide research : Conceptual frameworks provide a framework for researchers to develop hypotheses, identify research questions, and select appropriate methods for collecting and analyzing data. By providing a theoretical foundation for research, conceptual frameworks help to ensure that research is rigorous, systematic, and valid.
• Provide clarity: Conceptual frameworks help to provide clarity and structure to complex phenomena by identifying key concepts, relationships, and processes. By providing a clear and systematic understanding of a phenomenon, conceptual frameworks help to ensure that researchers, policymakers, and practitioners are all on the same page when it comes to understanding the issue at hand.
• Inform decision-making : Conceptual frameworks can be used to inform decision-making and strategy development by identifying key factors that influence a particular problem or issue. By understanding the complex interplay of factors that contribute to a particular issue, decision-makers can develop more effective strategies for addressing the problem.
• Facilitate communication : Conceptual frameworks provide a common language and conceptual framework for researchers, policymakers, and practitioners to communicate and collaborate on complex issues. By providing a shared understanding of a phenomenon, conceptual frameworks help to ensure that everyone is working towards the same goal.

When to use Conceptual Framework

There are several situations when it is appropriate to use a conceptual framework:

• To guide the research : A conceptual framework can be used to guide the research process by providing a clear roadmap for the research project. It can help researchers identify key variables and relationships, and develop hypotheses or research questions.
• To clarify concepts : A conceptual framework can be used to clarify and define key concepts and terms used in a research project. It can help ensure that all researchers are using the same language and have a shared understanding of the concepts being studied.
• To provide a theoretical basis: A conceptual framework can provide a theoretical basis for a research project by linking it to existing theories or conceptual models. This can help researchers build on previous research and contribute to the development of a field.
• To identify gaps in knowledge : A conceptual framework can help identify gaps in existing knowledge by highlighting areas that require further research or investigation.
• To communicate findings : A conceptual framework can be used to communicate research findings by providing a clear and concise summary of the key variables, relationships, and assumptions that underpin the research project.

Characteristics of Conceptual Framework

key characteristics of a conceptual framework are:

• Clear definition of key concepts : A conceptual framework should clearly define the key concepts and terms being used in a research project. This ensures that all researchers have a shared understanding of the concepts being studied.
• Identification of key variables: A conceptual framework should identify the key variables that are being studied and how they are related to each other. This helps to organize the research project and provides a clear focus for the study.
• Logical structure: A conceptual framework should have a logical structure that connects the key concepts and variables being studied. This helps to ensure that the research project is coherent and consistent.
• Based on existing theory : A conceptual framework should be based on existing theory or conceptual models. This helps to ensure that the research project is grounded in existing knowledge and builds on previous research.
• Testable hypotheses or research questions: A conceptual framework should include testable hypotheses or research questions that can be answered through empirical research. This helps to ensure that the research project is rigorous and scientifically valid.
• Flexibility : A conceptual framework should be flexible enough to allow for modifications as new information is gathered during the research process. This helps to ensure that the research project is responsive to new findings and is able to adapt to changing circumstances.

Advantages of Conceptual Framework

Advantages of the Conceptual Framework are as follows:

• Clarity : A conceptual framework provides clarity to researchers by outlining the key concepts and variables that are relevant to the research project. This clarity helps researchers to focus on the most important aspects of the research problem and develop a clear plan for investigating it.
• Direction : A conceptual framework provides direction to researchers by helping them to develop hypotheses or research questions that are grounded in existing theory or conceptual models. This direction ensures that the research project is relevant and contributes to the development of the field.
• Efficiency : A conceptual framework can increase efficiency in the research process by providing a structure for organizing ideas and data. This structure can help researchers to avoid redundancies and inconsistencies in their work, saving time and effort.
• Rigor : A conceptual framework can help to ensure the rigor of a research project by providing a theoretical basis for the investigation. This rigor is essential for ensuring that the research project is scientifically valid and produces meaningful results.
• Communication : A conceptual framework can facilitate communication between researchers by providing a shared language and understanding of the key concepts and variables being studied. This communication is essential for collaboration and the advancement of knowledge in the field.
• Generalization : A conceptual framework can help to generalize research findings beyond the specific study by providing a theoretical basis for the investigation. This generalization is essential for the development of knowledge in the field and for informing future research.

Limitations of Conceptual Framework

Limitations of Conceptual Framework are as follows:

• Limited applicability: Conceptual frameworks are often based on existing theory or conceptual models, which may not be applicable to all research problems or contexts. This can limit the usefulness of a conceptual framework in certain situations.
• Lack of empirical support : While a conceptual framework can provide a theoretical basis for a research project, it may not be supported by empirical evidence. This can limit the usefulness of a conceptual framework in guiding empirical research.
• Narrow focus: A conceptual framework can provide a clear focus for a research project, but it may also limit the scope of the investigation. This can make it difficult to address broader research questions or to consider alternative perspectives.
• Over-simplification: A conceptual framework can help to organize and structure research ideas, but it may also over-simplify complex phenomena. This can limit the depth of the investigation and the richness of the data collected.
• Inflexibility : A conceptual framework can provide a structure for organizing research ideas, but it may also be inflexible in the face of new data or unexpected findings. This can limit the ability of researchers to adapt their research project to new information or changing circumstances.
• Difficulty in development : Developing a conceptual framework can be a challenging and time-consuming process. It requires a thorough understanding of existing theory or conceptual models, and may require collaboration with other researchers.

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What is a good example of a conceptual framework.

Last updated

18 April 2023

Reviewed by

Miroslav Damyanov

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• The importance of a conceptual framework

The main purpose of a conceptual framework is to improve the quality of a research study. A conceptual framework achieves this by identifying important information about the topic and providing a clear roadmap for researchers to study it.

Through the process of developing this information, researchers will be able to improve the quality of their studies in a few key ways.

Clarify research goals and objectives

A conceptual framework helps researchers create a clear research goal. Research projects often become vague and lose their focus, which makes them less useful. However, a well-designed conceptual framework helps researchers maintain focus. It reinforces the project’s scope, ensuring it stays on track and produces meaningful results.

Provide a theoretical basis for the study

Forming a hypothesis requires knowledge of the key variables and their relationship to each other. Researchers need to identify these variables early on to create a conceptual framework. This ensures researchers have developed a strong understanding of the topic before finalizing the study design. It also helps them select the most appropriate research and analysis methods.

Guide the research design

As they develop their conceptual framework, researchers often uncover information that can help them further refine their work.

Here are some examples:

Confounding variables they hadn’t previously considered

Sources of bias they will have to take into account when designing the project

Whether or not the information they were going to study has already been covered—this allows them to pivot to a more meaningful goal that brings new and relevant information to their field

• Steps to develop a conceptual framework

There are four major steps researchers will follow to develop a conceptual framework. Each step will be described in detail in the sections that follow. You’ll also find examples of how each might be applied in a range of fields.

Step 1: Choose the research question

The first step in creating a conceptual framework is choosing a research question . The goal of this step is to create a question that’s specific and focused.

By developing a clear question, researchers can more easily identify the variables they will need to account for and keep their research focused. Without it, the next steps will be more difficult and less effective.

Here are some examples of good research questions in a few common fields:

Natural sciences: How does exposure to ultraviolet radiation affect the growth rate of a particular type of algae?

Health sciences: What is the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy for treating depression in adolescents?

Business: What factors contribute to the success of small businesses in a particular industry?

Education: How does implementing technology in the classroom impact student learning outcomes?

Step 2: Select the independent and dependent variables

Once the research question has been chosen, it’s time to identify the dependent and independent variables .

The independent variable is the variable researchers think will affect the dependent variable . Without this information, researchers cannot develop a meaningful hypothesis or design a way to test it.

The dependent and independent variables for our example questions above are:

Natural sciences

Independent variable: exposure to ultraviolet radiation

Dependent variable: the growth rate of a particular type of algae

Health sciences

Independent variable: cognitive-behavioral therapy

Dependent variable: depression in adolescents

Independent variables: factors contributing to the business’s success

Dependent variable: sales, return on investment (ROI), or another concrete metric

Independent variable: implementation of technology in the classroom

Dependent variable: student learning outcomes, such as test scores, GPAs, or exam results

Step 3: Visualize the cause-and-effect relationship

This step is where researchers actually develop their hypothesis. They will predict how the independent variable will impact the dependent variable based on their knowledge of the field and their intuition.

With a hypothesis formed, researchers can more accurately determine what data to collect and how to analyze it. They will then visualize their hypothesis by creating a diagram. This visualization will serve as a framework to help guide their research.

The diagrams for our examples might be used as follows:

Natural sciences : how exposure to radiation affects the biological processes in the algae that contribute to its growth rate

Health sciences : how different aspects of cognitive behavioral therapy can affect how patients experience symptoms of depression

Business : how factors such as market demand, managerial expertise, and financial resources influence a business’s success

Education : how different types of technology interact with different aspects of the learning process and alter student learning outcomes

Step 4: Identify other influencing variables

The independent and dependent variables are only part of the equation. Moderating, mediating, and control variables are also important parts of a well-designed study. These variables can impact the relationship between the two main variables and must be accounted for.

A moderating variable is one that can change how the independent variable affects the dependent variable. A mediating variable explains the relationship between the two. Control variables are kept the same to eliminate their impact on the results. Examples of each are given below:

Moderating variable: water temperature (might impact how algae respond to radiation exposure)

Mediating variable: chlorophyll production (might explain how radiation exposure affects algae growth rate)

Control variable: nutrient levels in the water

Moderating variable: the severity of depression symptoms at baseline might impact how effective the therapy is for different adolescents

Mediating variable: social support might explain how cognitive-behavioral therapy leads to improvements in depression

Control variable: other forms of treatment received before or during the study

Moderating variable: the size of the business (might impact how different factors contribute to market share, sales, ROI, and other key success metrics)

Mediating variable: customer satisfaction (might explain how different factors impact business success)

Control variable: industry competition

Moderating variable: student age (might impact how effective technology is for different students)

Mediating variable: teacher training (might explain how technology leads to improvements in learning outcomes)

Control variable: student learning style

• Conceptual versus theoretical frameworks

Although they sound similar, conceptual and theoretical frameworks have different goals and are used in different contexts. Understanding which to use will help researchers craft better studies.

Conceptual frameworks describe a broad overview of the subject and outline key concepts, variables, and the relationships between them. They provide structure to studies that are more exploratory in nature, where the relationships between the variables are still being established. They are particularly helpful in studies that are complex or interdisciplinary because they help researchers better organize the factors involved in the study.

Theoretical frameworks, on the other hand, are used when the research question is more clearly defined and there’s an existing body of work to draw upon. They define the relationships between the variables and help researchers predict outcomes. They are particularly helpful when researchers want to refine the existing body of knowledge rather than establish it.

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Home » Feature » How to Make a Conceptual Framework (with Samples)

How to Make a Conceptual Framework (with Samples)

In this article, you will learn everything you need to know about conceptual frameworks, from what they are to how to make your own. Whether you are a novice or an experienced researcher, this article is for you. And by the end of this article, you will have a better understanding of scientific literature and a better grasp of conceptual frameworks.

What is a conceptual framework?

Research is an academic activity that necessitates a significant amount of abstraction or the creation of concepts or ideas in your mind about everything in your surroundings. This activity immerses you in a variety of higher-order thinking processes such as interpretation, criticism, application, and creation at all levels. Research, as a result of mental conceptions and evaluated holistically, must appear understandable to those who are eager to study the research findings. Because of the cognitive character of this scholarly academic task known as research, you will need a specific scheme, thorough plan, or system to describe the components of the research, including the relationships of the research elements.

You must create a conceptual framework for your study if you want to explain the ins and outs of your research in a nutshell. A conceptual framework is a graphical representation of your conceptions or ideas about the fundamental structure or components of your research, as well as the interactions between these pieces. It is a graph or non-prose material, specifically a schematic diagram that depicts well-ordered research elements. A conceptual framework is a comprehensive overview or strategy that gives meaning to your research by providing a well-planned arrangement of the components of your investigation.

Conceptual frameworks, on the other hand, are not usually necessary to be published in scientific publications. Even the average person can make their own. True scientific and authoritative examples, on the other hand, are often found in scientific journals. Furthermore, conceptual frameworks are not created at random by academics. They perform extensive literature evaluations to support their conceptual frameworks, ultimately increasing conceptual framework legitimacy.

Purposes of a Conceptual Framework

The conceptual framework illustrates the organization, sequence, and purpose of your research. It is a crucial first step in your research because a schematic diagram, which is also discussed vocally, enables readers to have a general understanding of your work. It describes the research activities you want to conduct, the manner in which you intend to conduct these activities, and the knowledge you possess to demonstrate your expertise with your study topic or research challenge. In a research study, it also serves the goal of illustrating the concepts and their interrelationship.

How to Make a Conceptual Framework?

1. choose your topic.

As a researcher, you have the option of focusing on a wide range of topics. However, we must remember that not all of the world’s resources are available to us. The research could also be time-limited. It is therefore important to select a topic that can be completed within the time and resources available.

2. Make your research question

The research question, on the other hand, must be narrowly focused. All of the specifics must be laid out in a clear and concise manner. To put it simply, this is where your conceptual framework comes into play. For your research, you need to come up with a clear and reasonable question. This question should be one you’re really interested in to have a concise conceptual framework.

An important part of your conceptual framework and research is the development of a question that will guide your investigation. As a result, you won’t get lost while writing the paper.

3. Conduct a review of the literature

A review of literature is a process in which a researcher examines previously published work on a particular subject from reputable sources. You and your readers will benefit from a literature review if it reveals the current state of knowledge on your chosen topic, including its strengths and weaknesses. When conducting a literature review, keep in mind that it should be relevant to the topic under consideration, synthesize the findings of the publications you have read, and identify any areas in which additional information or evidence is needed to support the claim under consideration. Having a review of the literature narrows down what you will be putting in your conceptual framework.

4. Choose your variables

Since you have done your research, by this time, you will already be able to identify and pinpoint the variable that has been discussed in the publications you have studied and try to make a connection or decipher how they are linked. As you must have already read a lot of literature, you will find many possible variables to choose from when conducting your study. However, when creating research in general, it is vital that you only select the essential variables as not all of them will be significant; as you must have read much scientific literature, you should be able to discern the important ones by this point. And when creating a conceptual framework in particular, even though you can choose all the variables in the world, it would be best not to since too many variables in a conceptual framework will be confusing. It is also not a good idea to choose too few variables, or else your study might be too simple. As mentioned in the previous step, you have to find the right level of intricacy in your research that will fit your resources and time allocation.

5. Choose your relationships

Now that you have chosen your variables, you have to decide how these variables are related to one another. Given that you have already read much literature on your topic, you should already define how each of your variables is connected. This is especially important to note as this will largely impact how your conceptual framework will look once you start making the diagram.

6. Create the conceptual framework

Now that you have achieved all the previous steps, the final step is to illustrate the diagram. How you demonstrate the diagram will differ on a case-to-case basis. Still, variable names have to be laid out clearly and put into rectangles, variables have to be connected with lines and arrows, and the arrowheads will differ depending on the nature of the relationships. Single-head arrows are for one-directional relationships (i.e. A affects B and B does not affect A), and double-headed arrows are for relationships that are 2-directional (i.e. A affects B and B also affects A). Also, lines do not have to be limited to connecting only 2 variables (i.e. A and B); some relationships can be between more variables (i.e. A affects B and also C).

Tips for Writing a Conceptual Framework

• Familiarize yourself with the objective of the conceptual framework.
• Create the conceptual framework based on your own knowledge of the components and their interrelationships.
• Make sure that everything in the conceptual framework relates back to the study’s stated goals.
• Share your conceptual framework with others to solicit feedback and suggestions for development.

Conceptual Framework Examples

To have a clearer idea of the process of making a conceptual framework, let us try to make concrete examples of it.

Background:  I am a co-owner of a branch of Burger King.

I am interested to know what affects the satisfaction of our customers. My goal is to know what specific parts of our business can influence our customers’ experience.

The research question I can formulate is “What affects customer satisfaction of Burger King?

I read up on different publications related to food establishments, specifically burger joints, and customer satisfaction. From here, I can already have an idea of the variables I can pinpoint from those publications that have been proven to affect customer satisfaction.

With all the books, scholarly articles, and research I have gone through, it can be determined that there are three main variables: food taste, speed of service, and staff performance. Customers are very much concerned with the taste of the product. The amount of time it takes to serve them also affects how pleased or displeased they are. Lastly, the performance of the staff that serves also affects their experience.

I was able to determine that the three variables: food taste, speed of service, and staff performance, are determining factors of customer satisfaction.

Research Problem of Topic : “Improving Critical Thinking through Systemic Functional Grammar”

Systemic Functional Grammar or SFG is a modern language theory that states that man’s critical thinking increases whenever he uses language for these reasons: first, for ideational function or for knowledge acquisition; second, for interpersonal function or creating human relationships, and third, for textual functions or for strategic and coherent expression of ideas, In this case, the independent variables are the SFG components (ideational, interpersonal, and textual functions) and the dependent variable is critical thinking. Here is the conceptual framework to present the concepts underlying this study. (Ravich & Riggan 2012)

Conceptual Framework vs Theoretical Framework

The conceptual framework shows and illustrates all of your plans, concepts, or ideas regarding the various aspects of your research both graphically and verbally. However, the conceptual framework does not fully and completely explain all of the study’s elements, both concrete and abstract, when seen in such a broad or numerous manner. The theoretical framework, which is a separate section of your research paper, provides and discusses the theories, principles, generalizations, and research findings that are related to your research topic.

The conceptual framework gives readers a clear mental image of the fundamental organization of the study, the relationships between variables, and other relevant facts. Theoretical framework, on the other hand, helps individuals comprehend the relationships between the many research elements and the evidence-based truths, concepts, theories, and assumptions that support each part of the study.

The ability to think clearly and accurately about the many different aspects of your study is facilitated by having a thorough understanding of the theoretical principles governing or controlling those things. As a result, you have a better understanding of both the central issues in your research as well as its other elements. The theoretical framework provides the theoretical underpinnings of the research, while the conceptual framework provides a general sketch of how the research will be conducted using theories, principles, or generalizations that have been supported by facts and logical reasoning.

how do I create a conceptual framework for Logistics management performance and customer service satisfaction

After 1000’s of search trying to understand conceptual frame, your explanations made it so easy for me. Thank you for this useful work put together

thank you for providing such important idea and now i would like to ask one question let my research paper has five chapters so in which chapter will I include my conceptual framework?

Interesting reading

Very useful explanation. Got a point

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Conceptual Research: Definition, Framework, Example and Advantages

Conceptual Research: Definition

Conceptual research is defined as a methodology wherein research is conducted by observing and analyzing already present information on a given topic. Conceptual research doesn’t involve conducting any practical experiments. It is related to abstract concepts or ideas. Philosophers have long used conceptual research to develop new theories or interpret existing theories in a different light.

For example, Copernicus used conceptual research to come up with the concepts of stellar constellations based on his observations of the universe. Down the line, Galileo simplified Copernicus’s research by making his own conceptual observations which gave rise to more experimental research and confirmed the predictions made at that time.

The most famous example of conceptual research is Sir Issac Newton. He observed his surroundings to conceptualize and develop theories about gravitation and motion.

Einstein is widely known and appreciated for his work on conceptual research. Although his theories were based on conceptual observations, Einstein also proposed experiments to come up with theories to test the conceptual research.

Nowadays, conceptual research is used to answer business questions and solve real-world problems. Researchers use analytical research tools called conceptual frameworks to make conceptual distinctions and organize ideas required for research purposes.

Conceptual Research Framework

Conceptual research framework constitutes of a researcher’s combination of previous research and associated work and explains the occurring phenomenon. It systematically explains the actions needed in the course of the research study based on the knowledge obtained from other ongoing research and other researchers’ points of view on the subject matter.

Here is a stepwise guide on how to create the conceptual research framework:

01. Choose the topic for research

Before you start working on collecting any research material, you should have decided on your topic for research. It is important that the topic is selected beforehand and should be within your field of specialization.

02. Collect relevant literature

Once you have narrowed down a topic, it is time to collect relevant information about it. This is an important step, and much of your research is dependent on this particular step, as conceptual research is mostly based on information obtained from previous research. Here collecting relevant literature and information is the key to successfully completing research.

The material that you should preferably use is scientific journals , research papers published by well-known scientists , and similar material. There is a lot of information available on the internet and in public libraries as well. All the information that you find on the internet may not be relevant or true. So before you use the information, make sure you verify it.  

03. Identify specific variables

Identify the specific variables that are related to the research study you want to conduct. These variables can give your research a new scope and can also help you identify how these can be related to your research design . For example, consider hypothetically you want to conduct research about the occurrence of cancer in married women. Here the two variables that you will be concentrating on are married women and cancer.

While collecting relevant literature, you understand that the spread of cancer is more aggressive in married women who are beyond 40 years of age. Here there is a third variable which is age, and this is a relevant variable that can affect the end result of your research.  

04. Generate the framework

In this step, you start building the required framework using the mix of variables from the scientific articles and other relevant materials. The research problem statement in your research becomes the research framework. Your attempt to start answering the question becomes the basis of your research study. The study is carried out to reduce the knowledge gap and make available more relevant and correct information.

Example of Conceptual Research Framework

Thesis statement/ Purpose of research: Chronic exposure to sunlight can lead to precancerous (actinic keratosis), cancerous (basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and melanoma), and even skin lesions (caused by loss of skin’s immune function) in women over 40 years of age.

The study claims that constant exposure to sunlight can cause the precancerous condition and can eventually lead to cancer and other skin abnormalities. Those affected by these experience symptoms like fatigue, fine or coarse wrinkles, discoloration of the skin, freckles, and a burning sensation in the more exposed areas.

Note that in this study, there are two variables associated- cancer and women over 40 years in the African subcontinent. But one is a dependent variable (women over 40 years, in the African subcontinent), and the other is an independent variable (cancer). Cumulative exposure to the sun till the age of 18 years can lead to symptoms similar to skin cancer. If this is not taken care of, there are chances that cancer can spread entirely.

Assuming that the other factors are constant during the research period, it will be possible to correlate the two variables and thus confirm that, indeed, chronic exposure to sunlight causes cancer in women over the age of 40 in the African subcontinent. Further, correlational research can verify this association further.

Advantages of Conceptual Research

1. Conceptual research mainly focuses on the concept of the research or the theory that explains a phenomenon. What causes the phenomenon, what are its building blocks, and so on? It’s research based on pen and paper.

2. This type of research heavily relies on previously conducted studies; no form of experiment is conducted, which saves time, effort, and resources. More relevant information can be generated by conducting conceptual research.

3. Conceptual research is considered the most convenient form of research. In this type of research, if the conceptual framework is ready, only relevant information and literature need to be sorted.

QuestionPro for Conceptual Research

QuestionPro offers readily available conceptual frameworks. These frameworks can be used to research consumer trust, customer satisfaction (CSAT) , product evaluations, etc. You can select from a wide range of templates question types, and examples curated by expert researchers.

We also help you decide which conceptual framework might be best suited for your specific situation.

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Defining The Conceptual Framework

Making a conceptual framework, conceptual framework for dmft students, conceptual framework guide, example frameworks, additional framework resources.

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What is it?

• The researcher’s understanding/hypothesis/exploration of either an existing framework/model or how existing concepts come together to inform a particular problem. Shows the reader how different elements come together to facilitate research and a clear understanding of results.
• Informs the research questions/methodology (problem statement drives framework drives RQs drives methodology)
• A tool (linked concepts) to help facilitate the understanding of the relationship among concepts or variables in relation to the real-world. Each concept is linked to frame the project in question.
• Falls inside of a larger theoretical framework (theoretical framework = explains the why and how of a particular phenomenon within a particular body of literature).
• Can be a graphic or a narrative – but should always be explained and cited
• Can be made up of theories and concepts

What does it do?

• Explains or predicts the way key concepts/variables will come together to inform the problem/phenomenon
• Gives the study direction/parameters
• Helps the researcher organize ideas and clarify concepts
• Introduces your research and how it will advance your field of practice. A conceptual framework should include concepts applicable to the field of study. These can be in the field or neighboring fields – as long as important details are captured and the framework is relevant to the problem. (alignment)

What should be in it?

• Variables, concepts, theories, and/or parts of other existing frameworks

How to make a conceptual framework

• With a topic in mind, go to the body of literature and start identifying the key concepts used by other studies. Figure out what’s been done by other researchers, and what needs to be done (either find a specific call to action outlined in the literature or make sure your proposed problem has yet to be studied in your specific setting). Use what you find needs to be done to either support a pre-identified problem or craft a general problem for study. Only rely on scholarly sources for this part of your research.
• Begin to pull out variables, concepts, theories, and existing frameworks explained in the relevant literature.
• If you’re building a framework, start thinking about how some of those variables, concepts, theories, and facets of existing frameworks come together to shape your problem. The problem could be a situational condition that requires a scholar-practitioner approach, the result of a practical need, or an opportunity to further an applicational study, project, or research. Remember, if the answer to your specific problem exists, you don’t need to conduct the study.
• The actionable research you’d like to conduct will help shape what you include in your framework. Sketch the flow of your Applied Doctoral Project from start to finish and decide which variables are truly the best fit for your research.
• Create a graphic representation of your framework (this part is optional, but often helps readers understand the flow of your research) Even if you do a graphic, first write out how the variables could influence your Applied Doctoral Project and introduce your methodology. Remember to use APA formatting in separating the sections of your framework to create a clear understanding of the framework for your reader.
• As you move through your study, you may need to revise your framework.
• Note for qualitative/quantitative research: If doing qualitative, make sure your framework doesn’t include arrow lines, which could imply causal or correlational linkages.
• Conceptural and Theoretical Framework for DMFT Students This document is specific to DMFT students working on a conceptual or theoretical framework for their applied project.
• Conceptual Framework Guide Use this guide to determine the guiding framework for your applied dissertation research.

Let’s say I’ve just taken a job as manager of a failing restaurant. Throughout the first week, I notice the few customers they have are leaving unsatisfied. I need to figure out why and turn the establishment into a thriving restaurant. I get permission from the owner to do a study to figure out exactly what we need to do to raise levels of customer satisfaction. Since I have a specific problem and want to make sure my research produces valid results, I go to the literature to find out what others are finding about customer satisfaction in the food service industry. This particular restaurant is vegan focused – and my search of the literature doesn’t say anything specific about how to increase customer service in a vegan atmosphere, so I know this research needs to be done.

I find out there are different types of satisfaction across other genres of the food service industry, and the one I’m interested in is cumulative customer satisfaction. I then decide based on what I’m seeing in the literature that my definition of customer satisfaction is the way perception, evaluation, and psychological reaction to perception and evaluation of both tangible and intangible elements of the dining experience come together to inform customer expectations. Essentially, customer expectations inform customer satisfaction.

I then find across the literature many variables could be significant in determining customer satisfaction. Because the following keep appearing, they are the ones I choose to include in my framework: price, service, branding (branched out to include physical environment and promotion), and taste. I also learn by reading the literature, satisfaction can vary between genders – so I want to make sure to also collect demographic information in my survey. Gender, age, profession, and number of children are a few demographic variables I understand would be helpful to include based on my extensive literature review.

Note: this is a quantitative study. I’m including all variables in this study, and the variables I am testing are my independent variables. Here I’m working to see how each of the independent variables influences (or not) my dependent variable, customer satisfaction. If you are interested in qualitative study, read on for an example of how to make the same framework qualitative in nature.

Also note: when you create your framework, you’ll need to cite each facet of your framework. Tell the reader where you got everything you’re including. Not only is it in compliance with APA formatting, but also it raises your credibility as a researcher. Once you’ve built the narrative around your framework, you may also want to create a visual for your reader.

See below for one example of how to illustrate your framework:

If you’re interested in a qualitative study, be sure to omit arrows and other notations inferring statistical analysis. The only time it would be inappropriate to include a framework in qualitative study is in a grounded theory study, which is not something you’ll do in an applied doctoral study.

A visual example of a qualitative framework is below:

Some additional helpful resources in constructing a conceptual framework for study:

• Problem Statement, Conceptual Framework, and Research Question. McGaghie, W. C.; Bordage, G.; and J. A. Shea (2001). Problem Statement, Conceptual Framework, and Research Question. Retrieved on January 5, 2015 from http://goo.gl/qLIUFg
• Building a Conceptual Framework: Philosophy, Definitions, and Procedure
• https://www.scribbr.com/dissertation/conceptual-framework/
• https://www.projectguru.in/developing-conceptual-framework-in-a-research-paper/

Conceptual Framework Research

A conceptual framework is a synthetization of interrelated components and variables which help in solving a real-world problem. It is the final lens used for viewing the deductive resolution of an identified issue (Imenda, 2014). The development of a conceptual framework begins with a deductive assumption that a problem exists, and the application of processes, procedures, functional approach, models, or theory may be used for problem resolution (Zackoff et al., 2019). The application of theory in traditional theoretical research is to understand, explain, and predict phenomena (Swanson, 2013). In applied research the application of theory in problem solving focuses on how theory in conjunction with practice (applied action) and procedures (functional approach) frames vision, thinking, and action towards problem resolution. The inclusion of theory in a conceptual framework is not focused on validation or devaluation of applied theories. A concise way of viewing the conceptual framework is a list of understood fact-based conditions that presents the researcher’s prescribed thinking for solving the identified problem. These conditions provide a methodological rationale of interrelated ideas and approaches for beginning, executing, and defining the outcome of problem resolution efforts (Leshem & Trafford, 2007).

The term conceptual framework and theoretical framework are often and erroneously used interchangeably (Grant & Osanloo, 2014). Just as with traditional research, a theory does not or cannot be expected to explain all phenomenal conditions, a conceptual framework is not a random identification of disparate ideas meant to incase a problem. Instead it is a means of identifying and constructing for the researcher and reader alike an epistemological mindset and a functional worldview approach to the identified problem.

Grant, C., & Osanloo, A. (2014). Understanding, Selecting, and Integrating a Theoretical Framework in Dissertation Research: Creating the Blueprint for Your “House. ” Administrative Issues Journal: Connecting Education, Practice, and Research, 4(2), 12–26

Imenda, S. (2014). Is There a Conceptual Difference between Theoretical and Conceptual Frameworks? Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi/Journal of Social Sciences, 38(2), 185.

Leshem, S., & Trafford, V. (2007). Overlooking the conceptual framework. Innovations in Education & Teaching International, 44(1), 93–105. https://doi-org.proxy1.ncu.edu/10.1080/14703290601081407

Swanson, R. (2013). Theory building in applied disciplines . San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler Publishers.

Zackoff, M. W., Real, F. J., Klein, M. D., Abramson, E. L., Li, S.-T. T., & Gusic, M. E. (2019). Enhancing Educational Scholarship Through Conceptual Frameworks: A Challenge and Roadmap for Medical Educators . Academic Pediatrics, 19(2), 135–141. https://doi-org.proxy1.ncu.edu/10.1016/j.acap.2018.08.003

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Conceptual Framework – How to Develop it for Research

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In academic writing, a conceptual framework serves as a key component of the research methodology , providing a schematic representation of the concepts and their proposed relationships. This tool not only guides data collection and interpretation but also clarifies the research question and hypothesis. The conceptual framework aims to make research conclusions more meaningful and generalizable. It outlines the purpose and the importance of the research topic .

Inhaltsverzeichnis

• 1 Conceptual Framework – In a Nutshell
• 2 Definition: Conceptual framework
• 3 Conceptual framework: Independent vs. Dependent variables
• 4 Conceptual framework: Moderating variables
• 5 Conceptual framework: Mediating variables
• 6 Conceptual framework: Control variables

Conceptual Framework – In a Nutshell

• The conceptual framework is a model used to show the relationship between the independent vs. dependent variables in a research problem .
• Researchers consider several variables in a conceptual framework, including control variables, mediating variables, and monitoring variables.
• It is important to identify control variables in a conceptual framework to minimize their effect on the findings of a study.

Definition: Conceptual framework

A conceptual framework is a visual model that illustrates the anticipated relationship between the cause and effect variables. It highlights the research goals and creates a layout of their relationship to form meaningful conclusions. The conceptual framework is usually drawn from the literature review during the early stages of research to form appropriate research questions .

Conceptual framework: Independent vs. Dependent variables

Researchers define independent vs. dependent variables to test for cause and effect when developing a conceptual framework.

Example of dependent vs. independent variables

You want to investigate whether drivers with more experience are involved in fewer accidents.

• Hypothesis: The more experience a driver has, the fewer accidents they are likely to be involved in .
• Independent variable:  The  years of experience
• Dependent variable:  The expected cause and the number of accidents

Unlike above, causal relationships in a conceptual framework usually have more than one independent variable .

Conceptual framework: Moderating variables

Moderating variables influence the strength of the relationship between two variables in a conceptual framework. They are used to determine the external validity of the research conclusions based on their ability to strengthen, negate or otherwise affect the association between the independent vs. dependent variables.

Moderating variables are helpful in a conceptual framework because they illustrate the relationship between different variables in a research topic .

Income levels can predict general happiness, although the relationship may be stronger for younger people than for older workers. Age is the moderating variable in this conceptual framework.

Moderators can be divided into categorical variables such as religion, blood group, or race and quantitative variables like height, age, and income.

In our study of drivers’ experience and accidents, we can introduce age as the moderating variable. In this case, a driver’s age can influence the effect of years of experience on the number of accidents. The researcher expects that ‘age’ moderates the effect of experience on road safety.

Conceptual framework: Mediating variables

A conceptual framework also takes mediating variables into account. They illustrate the impact of an independent variable on a dependent variable by showing how and why the effect occurs. A variable is considered a mediator if:

• It is caused by an independent variable.
• It affects the dependent variable.
• The statistical correlation between the dependent and the independent variable is more significant when it is considered than when it’s not.

Researchers use mediation analysis to test if a variable is a mediator using ANOVA and linear regression analysis. ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) tests the presence and strength of the statistical differences between the means calculated from several independent samples.

ANOVA: Determines the effects of age, gender, and disposable income on average consumer spending per month.

Linear regression: Predicts the value of a dependent variable based on the value of the independent variable.

The main aims of linear regression in a conceptual framework are to test the effectiveness of a group of predictor values in predicting a result and identifying the significant predictors of the outcome.

An individual’s body weight has a linear relationship with their weight. The researcher expects that as the height of the person increases, their weight increases. A set of observations can be plotted on a scatter plot to illustrate the strength of the correlation between the variables.

Conceptual framework: Control variables

Control variables are also considered in the conceptual framework. They define factors controlled by the researcher as it may affect the findings of a study even though it is of no interest to the researcher when designing a conceptual framework.

Control variables are used to improve the validity of a research study by reducing the effect of other variables outside the scope of the study. They help researchers to determine the relationship between the key variables under observation.

Control variables can be managed directly by keeping them constant, for instance choosing participants within the same age group. They can also be managed indirectly by using random samples to reduce their effect.

Example of control variables in the conceptual framework

In our study of driver’s experience and accident rates, the weather may affect the rate of accidents. However, our primary focus is not on the relationship between the weather and accident rates, although it may affect the findings of our study. Therefore, The ‘weather’ is added as a control variable in our conceptual framework.

If a researcher fails to control some variables, it may be difficult to prove that they did not affect the research outcome. Control variables are used in experimental research to guarantee that the observable results are exclusively caused by the experimental design.

Variables in a conceptual framework can be controlled by:

• Random assignment – Selecting random groups ensures there are no identifiable differences, which may skew your conclusions.
• Statistical controls – You can isolate the effects of the control variable by measuring and controlling it.
• Standardized procedures – Researchers should ensure the same methods are applied in all the groups in a study. Only the independent variables should be altered across groups to observe how they affect the dependent variable.

What is the conceptual framework in research?

It is an illustration of the relationship between variables in a study. It is used to form the hypothesis that guides the methods of research.

What are control variables?

Control variables are factors that are directly or indirectly controlled by the researchers. They are extraneous variables that may affect the observations in a study.

Where are conceptual frameworks used?

Conceptual frameworks are used in multiple social sciences and humanities. They help in formulating and investigating the research problem.

What is a moderating variable in a conceptual framework?

A moderating variable influences the effect of an independent variable on a dependent variable. It is used to measure the impact of an additional variable on the dependent-independent variable relationship.

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How To Write a Concept Paper for Academic Research: An Ultimate Guide

A concept paper is one of the first steps in helping you fully realize your research project. Because of this, some schools opt to teach students how to write concept papers as early as high school. In college, professors sometimes require their students to submit concept papers before suggesting their research projects to serve as the foundations for their theses.

If you’re reading this right now, you’ve probably been assigned by your teacher or professor to write a concept paper. To help you get started, we’ve prepared a comprehensive guide on how to write a proper concept paper.

Related: How to Write Significance of the Study (with Examples)

What is the concept paper, 1. academic research concept papers, 2. advertising concept papers, 3. research grant concept papers, concept paper vs. research proposal, tips for finding your research topic, 2. think of research questions that you want to answer in your project, 3. formulate your research hypothesis, 4. plan out how you will achieve, analyze, and present your data, 2. introduction, 3. purpose of the study, 4. preliminary literature review, 5. objectives of the study, 6. research questions and hypotheses, 7. proposed methodology, 8. proposed research timeline, 9. references, sample concept paper for research proposal (pdf), tips for writing your concept paper.

Generally, a concept paper is a summary of everything related to your proposed project or topic. A concept paper indicates what the project is all about, why it’s important, and how and when you plan to conduct your project.

Different Types of the Concept Paper and Their Uses

This type of concept paper is the most common type and the one most people are familiar with. Concept papers for academic research are used by students to provide an outline for their prospective research topics.

These concept papers are used to help students flesh out all the information and ideas related to their topic so that they may arrive at a more specific research hypothesis.

Since this is the most common type of concept paper, it will be the main focus of this article.

Advertising concept papers are usually written by the creative and concept teams in advertising and marketing agencies.

Through a concept paper, the foundation or theme for an advertising campaign or strategy is formed. The concept paper can also serve as a bulletin board for ideas that the creative and concept teams can add to or develop. 

This type of concept paper usually discusses who the target audience of the campaign is, what approach of the campaign will be, how the campaign will be implemented, and the projected benefits and impact of the campaign to the company’s sales, consumer base, and other aspects of the company.

This type of concept paper is most common in the academe and business world. Alongside proving why your research project should be conducted, a research grant concept paper must also appeal to the company or funding agency on why they should be granted funds.

The paper should indicate a proposed timeline and budget for the entire project. It should also be able to persuade the company or funding agency on the benefits of your research project– whether it be an increase in sales or productivity or for the benefit of the general public.

It’s important to discuss the differences between the two because a lot of people often use these terms interchangeably.

A concept paper is one of the first steps in conducting a research project. It is during this process that ideas and relevant information to the research topic are gathered to produce the research hypothesis. Thus, a concept paper should always precede the research proposal. 

A research proposal is a more in-depth outline of a more fleshed-out research project. This is the final step before a researcher can conduct their research project. Although both have similar elements and structures, a research proposal is more specific when it comes to how the entire research project will be conducted.

Getting Started on Your Concept Paper

1. find a research topic you are interested in.

When choosing a research topic, make sure that it is something you are passionate about or want to learn more about. If you are writing one for school, make sure it is still relevant to the subject of your class. Choosing a topic you aren’t invested in may cause you to lose interest in your project later on, which may lower the quality of the research you’ll produce.

A research project may last for months and even years, so it’s important that you will never lose interest in your topic.

• Look for inspiration everywhere. Take a walk outside, read books, or go on your computer. Look around you and try to brainstorm ideas about everything you see. Try to remember any questions you might have asked yourself before like why something is the way it is or why can’t this be done instead of that . 
• Think big. If you’re having trouble thinking up a specific topic to base your research project on, choosing a broad topic and then working your way down should help.
• Is it achievable? A lot of students make the mistake of choosing a topic that is hard to achieve in terms of materials, data, and/or funding available. Before you decide on a research topic, make sure you consider these aspects. Doing so will save you time, money, and effort later on.
• Be as specific as can be. Another common mistake that students make is that they sometimes choose a research topic that is too broad. This results in extra effort and wasted time while conducting their research project. For example: Instead of “The Effects of Bananas on Hungry Monkeys” , you could specify it to “The Effects of Cavendish Bananas on Potassium-deficiency in Hungry Philippine Long-tailed Macaques in Palawan, Philippines”.

Now that you have a general idea of the topic of your research project, you now need to formulate research questions based on your project. These questions will serve as the basis for what your project aims to answer. Like your research topic, make sure these are specific and answerable.

Following the earlier example, possible research questions could be:

• Do Cavendish bananas produce more visible effects on K-deficiency than other bananas?
• How susceptible are Philippine long-tailed macaques to K-deficiency?
• What are the effects of K-deficiency in Philippine long-tailed macaques?

After formulating the research questions, you should also provide your hypothesis for each question. A research hypothesis is a tentative answer to the research problem. You must provide educated answers to the questions based on your existing knowledge of the topic before you conduct your research project.

After conducting research and collecting all of the data into the final research paper, you will then have to approve or disprove these hypotheses based on the outcome of the project.

Prepare a plan on how to acquire the data you will need for your research project. Take note of the different types of analysis you will need to perform on your data to get the desired results. Determine the nature of the relationship between different variables in your research.

Also, make sure that you are able to present your data in a clear and readable manner for those who will read your concept paper. You can achieve this by using tables, charts, graphs, and other visual aids.

Related: How to Make Conceptual Framework (with Examples and Templates)

Generalized Structure of a Concept Paper

Since concept papers are just summaries of your research project, they are usually short and  no longer than 5 pages. However, for big research projects, concept papers can reach up to more than 20 pages.

Your teacher or professor may give you a certain format for your concept papers. Generally, most concept papers are double-spaced and are less than 500 words in length. 

Even though there are different types of concept papers, we’ve provided you with a generalized structure that contains elements that can be found in any type of concept paper.

The title for your paper must be able to effectively summarize what your research is all about. Use simple words so that people who read the title of your research will know what it’s all about even without reading the entire paper. 

The introduction should give the reader a brief background of the research topic and state the main objective that your project aims to achieve. This section should also include a short overview of the benefits of the research project to persuade the reader to acknowledge the need for the project.

The Purpose of the Study should be written in a way that convinces the reader of the need to address the existing problem or gap in knowledge that the research project aims to resolve. In this section, you have to go into more detail about the benefits and value of your project for the target audience/s. 

This section features related studies and papers that will support your research topic. Use this section to analyze the results and methodologies of previous studies and address any gaps in knowledge or questions that your research project aims to answer. You may also use the data to assert the importance of conducting your research.

When choosing which papers and studies you should include in the Preliminary Literature Review, make sure to choose relevant and reliable sources. Reliable sources include academic journals, credible news outlets, government websites, and others. Also, take note of the authors for the papers as you will need to cite them in the References section.

Simply state the main objectives that your research is trying to achieve. The objectives should be able to indicate the direction of the study for both the reader and the researcher. As with other elements in the paper, the objectives should be specific and clearly defined.

Gather the research questions and equivalent research hypotheses you formulated in the earlier step and list them down in this section.

In this section, you should be able to guide the reader through the process of how you will conduct the research project. Make sure to state the purpose for each step of the process, as well as the type of data to be collected and the target population.

Depending on the nature of your research project, the length of the entire process can vary significantly. What’s important is that you are able to provide a reasonable and achievable timeline for your project.

Make sure the time you will allot for each component of your research won’t be too excessive or too insufficient so that the quality of your research won’t suffer.

Ensure that you will give credit to all the authors of the sources you used in your paper. Depending on your area of study or the instructions of your professor, you may need to use a certain style of citation.

There are three main citation styles: the American Psychological Association (APA), Modern Language Association (MLA), and the Chicago style.

The APA style is mostly used for papers related to education, psychology, and the sciences. The APA citation style usually follows this format:

The MLA citation style is the format used by papers and manuscripts in disciplines related to the arts and humanities. The MLA citation style follows this format:

The Chicago citation style is usually used for papers related to business, history, and the fine arts. It follows this citation format:

This is a concept paper sample provided by Dr. Bernard Lango from the Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology (modified for use in this article). Simply click the link above the download the PDF file.

• Use simple, concise language. Minimize the use of flowery language and always try to use simple and easy-to-understand language. Too many technical or difficult words in your paper may alienate your readers and make your paper hard to read. 
• Choose your sources wisely. When scouring the Internet for sources to use, you should always be wary and double-check the authenticity of your source. Doing this will increase the authenticity of your research project’s claims and ensure better data gathered during the process.
• Follow the specified format, if any. Make sure to follow any specified format when writing your concept paper. This is very important, especially if you’re writing your concept paper for class. Failure to follow the format will usually result in point deductions and delays because of multiple revisions needed.
• Proofread often. Make it a point to reread different sections of your concept paper after you write them. Another way you can do this is by taking a break for a few days and then coming back to proofread your writing. You may notice certain areas you’d like to revise or mistakes you’d like to fix. Make proofreading a habit to increase the quality of your paper.

Written by Ruth Raganit

in Career and Education , Juander How

Ruth Raganit

Ruth Raganit obtained her Bachelor of Science degree in Geology from the University of the Philippines – Diliman. Her love affair with Earth sciences began when she saw a pretty rock and wondered how it came to be. She also likes playing video games, doing digital art, and reading manga.

Browse all articles written by Ruth Raganit

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Developing a conceptual framework in research. Step 1: Choose your research question. Step 2: Select your independent and dependent variables. Step 3: Visualize your cause-and-effect relationship. Step 4: Identify other influencing variables. Frequently asked questions about conceptual models.

How To Make Conceptual Framework: 4 Steps. 1. Identify the Important Variables of Your Study. There are two essential variables that you must identify in your study: the independent and the dependent variables. An independent variable is a variable that you can manipulate. It can affect the dependent variable.

A conceptual framework in research is used to understand a research problem and guide the development and analysis of the research. It serves as a roadmap to conceptualize and structure the work by providing an outline that connects different ideas, concepts, and theories within the field of study. A conceptual framework pictorially or verbally ...

an example conceptual framework memo that details how a researcher describes their conceptual framework. CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORKS . IN RESEARCH. A conceptual framework lives at the center of an empirical . study. The conceptual framework serves as a guide and ballast to research (Ravitch & Riggan, 2016), functioning as an integrating

Steps to Developing the Perfect Conceptual Framework. Pick a question. Conduct a literature review. Identify your variables. Create your conceptual framework. 1. Pick a Question. You should already have some idea of the broad area of your research project. Try to narrow down your research field to a manageable topic in terms of time and resources.

Writing a conceptual framework involves several steps to develop a logical and structured foundation for your dissertation. Discover our step-by-step guide. Step 1. Identification of the research problem. The initial step entails pinpointing the research issue the work intends to address.

4 Steps on How to Make the Conceptual Framework. Choose your topic. Do a literature review. Isolate the important variables. Generate the conceptual framework. Example of a Conceptual Framework. Research Topic. Thesis Statement. Review of Literature.

A conceptual framework illustrates what you expect to find through your research. It defines the relevant variables for your study and maps out how they migh...

A conceptual framework illustrates the expected relationship between your variables. It defines the relevant objectives for your research process and maps out how they come together to draw coherent conclusions. Tip. You should construct your conceptual framework before you begin collecting your data.

A conceptual framework is a structured approach to organizing and understanding complex ideas, theories, or concepts. It provides a systematic and coherent way of thinking about a problem or topic, and helps to guide research or analysis in a particular field. A conceptual framework typically includes a set of assumptions, concepts, and ...

A conceptual framework helps researchers create a clear research goal. Research projects often become vague and lose their focus, which makes them less useful. However, a well-designed conceptual framework helps researchers maintain focus. It reinforces the project's scope, ensuring it stays on track and produces meaningful results.

Abstract. In this paper the author proposes a new qualitative method for building conceptual frameworks for phenomena that are linked to multidisciplinary bodies of knowledge. First, he redefines the key terms of concept, conceptual framework, and conceptual framework analysis. Concept has some components that define it.

Helps the researcher organize ideas and clarify concepts. Introduces your research and how it will advance your field of practice. A conceptual framework should include concepts applicable to the field of study. These can be in the field or neighboring fields - as long as important details are captured and the framework is relevant to the ...

Including a conceptual framework in a research study is important, but researchers often opt to include either a conceptual or a theoretical framework. Either may be adequate, but both provide greater insight into the research approach. For instance, a research team plans to test a novel component of an existing theory.

2. Make your research question. The research question, on the other hand, must be narrowly focused. All of the specifics must be laid out in a clear and concise manner. To put it simply, this is where your conceptual framework comes into play. For your research, you need to come up with a clear and reasonable question.

It's research based on pen and paper. 2. This type of research heavily relies on previously conducted studies; no form of experiment is conducted, which saves time, effort, and resources. More relevant information can be generated by conducting conceptual research. 3.

conceptual and theoretical frameworks. As conceptual defines the key co ncepts, variables, and. relationships in a research study as a roadmap that outlines the researcher's understanding of how ...

Explains or predicts the way key concepts/variables will come together to inform the problem/phenomenon. Gives the study direction/parameters. Helps the researcher organize ideas and clarify concepts. Introduces your research and how it will advance your field of practice. A conceptual framework should include concepts applicable to the field ...

In academic writing, a conceptual framework serves as a key component of the research methodology, providing a schematic representation of the concepts and their proposed relationships. This tool not only guides data collection and interpretation but also clarifies the research question and hypothesis. The conceptual framework aims to make ...

Concept Paper vs. Research Proposal. Getting Started on Your Concept Paper. 1. Find a research topic you are interested in. Tips for finding your research topic. 2. Think of research questions that you want to answer in your project. 3. Formulate your research hypothesis.

We all know that a research paper possess plenty of concepts involved. However, a great deal of concepts makes your study confusing. A conceptual framework ensures that the key of your studies are organized and presented comprehensively. Let here article guide you on how toward make the conceptual shell of your learning.

English Tamil Dictionary | இங்கிலீஷ் தமிழ் நிகண்டு

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case - Meaning in Tamil

Case word forms & inflections, definitions and meaning of case in english.

• "the musicians left their instrument cases backstage"
• "a case of the jitters"
• "in that event, the first possibility is excluded"
• "it may rain in which case the picnic will be canceled"
• guinea pig , subject
• "the cases that we studied were drawn from two different communities"
• "the subjects for this investigation were selected randomly"

character , character , eccentric , eccentric , type

• "a friendly eccentric"
• "a mental case"
• "a real character"
• "a strange character"
• "the capable type"
• "a typical case was the suburban housewife described by a marriage counselor"
• example , instance
• "another instance occurred yesterday"
• "but there is always the famous example of the Smiths"
• "it was a case of bad judgment"

face , font , fount , fount , typeface

• "Perry Mason solved the case of the missing heir"
• "he stated his case clearly"
• grammatical case
• "that was not the case"

casing , shell , shell

• "the clock has a walnut case"
• "the casings had rotted away and had to be replaced"
• compositor's case , typesetter's case
• "for English, a compositor will ordinarily have two such cases, the upper case containing the capitals and the lower case containing the small letters"

pillow slip , pillowcase , slip , slip

• "the burglar carried his loot in a pillowcase"
• display case , showcase , vitrine
• causa , cause , lawsuit , suit
• "the family brought suit against the landlord"
• encase , incase
• "my feet were encased in mud"
• "They men cased the housed"

Synonyms of case

• pillow slip , pillowcase , slip
• casing , shell
• face , font , fount , typeface
• character , eccentric , type

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Other languages: case meaning in Hindi

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What is case meaning in Tamil, case translation in Tamil, case definition, pronunciations and examples of case in Tamil.

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Tamil Dictionary definitions for Case

Case : வழக்கு, வகை

Case : கிடை,வகை,வழக்கு,வழக்கு,வகை

Case definition

• A box, sheath, or covering; as, a case for holding goods; a case for spectacles; the case of a watch; the case (capsule) of a cartridge; a case (cover) for a book.
• A box and its contents; the quantity contained in a box; as, a case of goods; a case of instruments.
• A shallow tray divided into compartments or "boxes" for holding type.
• An inclosing frame; a casing; as, a door case; a window case.
• A small fissure which admits water to the workings.
• Chance; accident; hap; opportunity.
• That which befalls, comes, or happens; an event; an instance; a circumstance, or all the circumstances; condition; state of things; affair; as, a strange case; a case of injustice; the case of the Indian tribes.
• A patient under treatment; an instance of sickness or injury; as, ten cases of fever; also, the history of a disease or injury.
• The matters of fact or conditions involved in a suit, as distinguished from the questions of law; a suit or action at law; a cause.
• One of the forms, or the inflections or changes of form, of a noun, pronoun, or adjective, which indicate its relation to other words, and in the aggregate constitute its declension; the relation which a noun or pronoun sustains to some other word.

Transitive verb.

• To cover or protect with, or as with, a case; to inclose.
• To strip the skin from; as, to case a box.

Intransitive verb. To propose hypothetical cases.

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