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How to prepare Essay for opsc OAS Exam

Essay writing tips, general instruction.

Watch the Video Lecture from the Author

  Click Here     Essay tips & strategy from the Author himself.

According to the New Pattern, Essay will be bilingual. You can write the essay either in Odia or English Language. The question paper will be both in Odia and English Language.

Some tips to write a good essay

Essay paper carries the same marks as any GS paper, yet it does not get the equivalent attention that it deserves from aspirants— first timers and experienced aspirants alike. They believe that since they have already studied a ton for the GS papers, it would be sufficient to write a good essay. This is a miscalculation. Knowledge from GS papers is necessary but not sufficient to score well in the essay paper. In my initial attempts, I did not allot much time for Essay preparation. Therefore, it is not a coincidence that in all of those years, my essay scores hovered around just 100. Once I realised my failings, I started collecting useful quotes, preparing notes, and even making rough drafts for frequently asked topics in the essay paper. All this effort helped me score  much higher than before. Below are some tips necessary to conquer the essay paper. 

MASTER GS TOPICS 

The core content of your Essay will come from your GS preparation. For example, to write an essay on a topic like NAM and its relevance, you need to have a solid grip on India’s foreign policy, how it has evolved, what its core tenets are, and which major treaties we’ve signed. Without such knowledge, any essay you write will sound shallow and unimpressive. Therefore, it should be clear that being good at GS is a necessary prerequisite for writing good essays. Along with this core knowledge, other components of essay such as anecdotes, quotes, good command over language provide a backbone in making your essay  persuasive. Therefore, your GS preparation indirectly helps in your Essay preparation. However, as mentioned above, it does not suffice to just prepare for GS papers and expect to get a great score in the essay. There are other aspects (mentioned below) that are equally important. 

Let's read What Anudeep Durishetty( AIR 1, UPSC CSE, 2017) says about the following points

DEVELOP A HOBBY OF READING NON-FICTION BOOKS

 Reading non-fiction books helps you develop a mature thought process. Apart from imparting knowledge, they will also familiarise you with good figures of speech, art of argumentation, powerful rhetoric and unique content. For example, in an essay on Artificial Intelligence, I took ideas from Yuval Harari’s Homo Deus to argue that AI is an imminent threat to humanity. Or if you read a book like Why Nations Fail , you will understand the importance of innovation, political and economic freedoms in propelling a nation forward. So apart from UPSC related material, develop the hobby of reading non-fiction books. It is not to suggest that you should read one non-fiction book per topic to get good scores in Essay, but reading them occasionally in your free time will benefit you in the long run, even after you become a civil servant. 

COLLECT INFORMATION FROM SPECIFIC MAGAZINE ISSUES 

Specific issues of Yojana are useful in preparing for topics like tribal development, disaster management etc. These magazines will also help you know the positives and criticisms of govt policies in that sector. Apart from magazines, Economic Survey is a rich resource for latest statistics and schemes in a particular sector. Make a note of these in a separate notebook and revise them from time to time. 

READ NEWSPAPERS DAILY 

Regular newspaper reading helps in two ways. One, your language and vocabulary will improve over time. Second, newspapers contain many good real life stories, anecdotes, and quotes which can be used in the essay paper. When you come across these in papers, note them in a book or your computer. If you are reading online and you find something useful— a quote, a phrase or a story— use Evernote or some online note making tool to file it in the Essay section and revise before the exam. Use this notebook for noting down the latest statistics and findings of important reports in sectors such as health, economy, education, judiciary etc. 

PREPARE A ROUGH DRAFT OF MAJOR ESSAY THEMES 

A useful exercise in your essay preparation is to pore over previous year essays and understand major themes which are asked in the essay. You’d find common themes such as education, agriculture, women empowerment, science & tech, innovation, foreign policy, security, health, economic reforms etc., For these frequently asked topics, prepare rough essay drafts. This draft need not necessarily be a complete essay, but an outline in which you jot down major points and roughly think of what you will write in the introduction, main body and conclusion. This exercise helps immensely in getting rid of the writer's block and developing the habit of brainstorming and preparing a quick framework for a topic. 

PRACTICE WRITING FULL LENGTH ESSAYS

 You’d not learn how to write good essays by merely reading this book. You get better only when you actually write them. Write as many essays as you can and then analyse for yourself as to what you have missed. Try to implement the ideas that you find useful here in the mock tests. Learn from your peers. If it helps, join a test series for essay to get into the habit of consistently writing full length essays within the given time limit. As for evaluation, take a look at some of the toppers’ essays and check how your essay compares with theirs. You can also rely on coaching institutes, but most of their work is substandard. So, take their feedback with caution. Getting good at essay writing is going to be a gradual process. But once you learn it, the essay paper will reward you well. 

You can read  Anudeep Durishetty's( AIR 1, UPSC CSE, 2017)  book on Essay and Answer writing.

You can Read the Answer Writing Manual by Srushti Jayant Deshmukh(All India Rank 5, CSE 2018 )

These are very Nice and eye opener. 

Compilation of some past years' Essays.

Impact of social media on Indian Society

Social media and invasion of privacy

Historical Rights and Homelands of the Displaced

Wild Animals and The Ecosystem

Role of India as a regional and global power

Geopolitical implications of Indian ocean

Strategies to improve sports in India

Empowering Educational institutions through Internet

The growing internet connectivity

Combating Malnutrition

‘Nature provides for every man's needs, not for anyone’s Greed’.

Solid waste management: An Architect’s perception

Solid waste management and smart city

Indian culture at cross Roads

A New Cultural Pluralism to sustain India

Ethical Education in Indian schools

Corruption in our public life

The impact of rise of fuel price on Indian society

Violence against women in contemporary society

The uses and abuses of cell phone

Value based education

Hybridity in contemporary culture and Arts

Private Armed Groups and World Peace

How free is the Indian press?

Indian culture and freedom of women

Fissures in the Indian Democratic systems

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How to prepare  Essay for opsc OAS Exam

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OPSC OAS Exam Study Material, Best Study Notes for OCS Exam

OPSC OAS Exam Study Material plays a crucial role in the preparation of the Odisha Public Service Commission (OPSC) Odisha Administrative Service (OAS) Exam.

OPSC OAS Exam Study Material, Best Study Notes for OCS Exam

OPSC OAS Exam Study Material

ଓଡ଼ିଶା ଜନସେବା ଆୟୋଗ (ଓପିଏସ୍ସି) ଓଡିଶା ପ୍ରଶାସନିକ ସେବା (OAS) ପରୀକ୍ଷା ପ୍ରସ୍ତୁତିରେ OPSC OAS ପରୀକ୍ଷା ଅଧ୍ୟୟନ ସାମଗ୍ରୀ ଏକ ଗୁରୁତ୍ୱପୂର୍ଣ୍ଣ ଭୂମିକା ଗ୍ରହଣ କରିଥାଏ | ଏଥିରେ ବିଭିନ୍ନ ପ୍ରକାରର ଉତ୍ସ ରହିଛି ଯାହା ପ୍ରାର୍ଥୀମାନଙ୍କୁ ପରୀକ୍ଷା ସିଲାବସ୍ ବୁଝିବା, ବିଷୟ ଜ୍ଞାନ ଆହରଣ ଏବଂ ପରୀକ୍ଷା-ନିର୍ଦ୍ଦିଷ୍ଟ ପ୍ରଶ୍ନ ଅଭ୍ୟାସ କରିବାରେ ସାହାଯ୍ୟ କରେ | ଅଧ୍ୟୟନ ସାମଗ୍ରୀରେ OPSC ଦ୍ୱାରା ପ୍ରଦାନ କରାଯାଇଥିବା ସରକାରୀ ପ୍ରକାଶନ, ପରାମର୍ଶିତ ପୁସ୍ତକ, ଅନଲାଇନ୍ ଉତ୍ସ, ପୂର୍ବ ବର୍ଷର ପ୍ରଶ୍ନପତ୍ର, ମକ୍ ପରୀକ୍ଷା ଏବଂ ନିର୍ଦ୍ଦିଷ୍ଟ ବିଷୟ ପାଇଁ ସପ୍ଲିମେଣ୍ଟାରୀ ସାମଗ୍ରୀ ଅନ୍ତର୍ଭୁକ୍ତ | ପ୍ରାର୍ଥୀମାନେ ବିଭିନ୍ନ କୋଚିଂ ପ୍ରତିଷ୍ଠାନ ଏବଂ ଅଧ୍ୟୟନ କେନ୍ଦ୍ରରୁ ଚୟନ କରିପାରିବେ ଯାହା ବିଶେଷ ଅଧ୍ୟୟନ ସାମଗ୍ରୀ ପ୍ରଦାନ କରେ | ଉପଯୁକ୍ତ ସଂଗଠନ ଏବଂ ସମୟ ପରିଚାଳନା ସହିତ ଅଧ୍ୟୟନ ସାମଗ୍ରୀର ପ୍ରଭାବଶାଳୀ ଉପଯୋଗ, OPSC OAS ପରୀକ୍ଷାରେ ସଫଳତାର ସମ୍ଭାବନାକୁ ବଢାଇଥାଏ |

Importance of Study Material for OPSC OAS Exam Preparation

ଅଧ୍ୟୟନ ସାମଗ୍ରୀ OPSC OAS ପରୀକ୍ଷା ପାଇଁ ପ୍ରସ୍ତୁତିରେ ବହୁତ ଗୁରୁତ୍ୱ ବହନ କରେ | ଏହା ଏକ ବିସ୍ତୃତ ମାର୍ଗଦର୍ଶିକା ଭାବରେ କାର୍ଯ୍ୟ କରେ ଯାହା ପ୍ରାର୍ଥୀମାନଙ୍କୁ ପରୀକ୍ଷା ସିଲାବସ୍ ବୁଝିବା, ବିଷୟ ଜ୍ଞାନ ଆହରଣ ଏବଂ ପରୀକ୍ଷା-ନିର୍ଦ୍ଦିଷ୍ଟ ପ୍ରଶ୍ନ ଅଭ୍ୟାସ କରିବାରେ ସାହାଯ୍ୟ କରେ | ସୁସଜ୍ଜିତ ଅଧ୍ୟୟନ ସାମଗ୍ରୀ ଅତ୍ୟାବଶ୍ୟକ ବିଷୟ ଉପରେ ସ୍ୱଚ୍ଛତା ପ୍ରଦାନ କରେ, ବିଷୟଗୁଡ଼ିକର ସଠିକ୍ କଭରେଜ୍ ସୁନିଶ୍ଚିତ କରେ ଏବଂ ପ୍ରାର୍ଥୀମାନଙ୍କୁ ଏକ ଦୃଢ ଭିତ୍ତିଭୂମି ବିକାଶରେ ସାହାଯ୍ୟ କରେ | ଏହା ମଧ୍ୟ ପରୀକ୍ଷଣ ଢାଞ୍ଚା ଏବଂ ମାର୍କିଂ ସ୍କିମ୍ ବିଷୟରେ ଅନ୍ତର୍ନିହିତ ସୂଚନା ପ୍ରଦାନ କରେ, ପ୍ରଭାବଶାଳୀ ସମୟ ପରିଚାଳନା ଏବଂ ରଣନୀତିକ ପ୍ରସ୍ତୁତି ସକ୍ଷମ କରେ | ସଠିକ୍ ଅଧ୍ୟୟନ ସାମଗ୍ରୀ ଧାରଣାଗତ ବୁଝାମଣାକୁ ବଢାଇଥାଏ, ଆତ୍ମବିଶ୍ୱାସ ବଢାଇଥାଏ ଏବଂ ପରୀକ୍ଷାରେ କାର୍ଯ୍ୟଦକ୍ଷତାକୁ ଉନ୍ନତ କରିଥାଏ | ଏହା ଏକ ମୂଲ୍ୟବାନ ଉତ୍ସ ଭାବରେ କାର୍ଯ୍ୟ କରେ, OPSC OAS ପରୀକ୍ଷାରେ ଉତ୍କର୍ଷ ହେବା ପାଇଁ ପ୍ରାର୍ଥୀଙ୍କୁ ଆବଶ୍ୟକ ସୂଚନା ଏବଂ କୌଶଳ ସହିତ ସଜାଇଥାଏ |

OPSC OAS Exam – Ancient History

OPSC OAS ପରୀକ୍ଷାର ପ୍ରାଚୀନ ଇତିହାସ ବିଭାଗ ଗୁରୁତ୍ୱପୂର୍ଣ୍ଣ ଗୁରୁତ୍ୱ ବହନ କରେ ଏବଂ ପୁଙ୍ଖାନୁପୁଙ୍ଖ ପ୍ରସ୍ତୁତି ଆବଶ୍ୟକ କରେ | ଏହା ପ୍ରାଚୀନ ସଭ୍ୟତା, ସଂସ୍କୃତି ଏବଂ ସାମ୍ରାଜ୍ୟକୁ ଅନ୍ତର୍ଭୁକ୍ତ କରେ ଯାହା ଭାରତୀୟ ଉପମହାଦେଶକୁ ଆକୃଷ୍ଟ କରିଥିଲା | ପ୍ରାଚୀନ ଇତିହାସ ଅଧ୍ୟୟନ କରିବା ଦ୍ୱାରା ପ୍ରାଚୀନ ସମାଜର ସାମାଜିକ-ରାଜନୈତିକ, ଅର୍ଥନୈତିକ ଏବଂ ସାଂସ୍କୃତିକ ଦିଗଗୁଡ଼ିକ ଅନ୍ତର୍ଭୁକ୍ତ, ଯେପରିକି ଇଣ୍ଡସ୍ ଉପତ୍ୟକା ସଭ୍ୟତା, ବୈଦିକ ସମୟ, ମୌର୍ଯ୍ୟ ସାମ୍ରାଜ୍ୟ, ଗୁପ୍ତ ସାମ୍ରାଜ୍ୟ ଏବଂ ଅନ୍ୟାନ୍ୟ | ରାଜନୈତିକ ପ୍ରଣାଳୀ, ଧାର୍ମିକ ବିଶ୍ୱାସ, କଳା, ସ୍ଥାପତ୍ୟ ଏବଂ ଏହି ସଭ୍ୟତାର ଅବଦାନକୁ ବୁଝିବା ଅତ୍ୟନ୍ତ ଗୁରୁତ୍ୱପୂର୍ଣ୍ଣ | ପ୍ରାର୍ଥୀମାନେ ପ୍ରାଚୀନ କାଳର ଧାର୍ମିକ ଗତିବିଧି, ସାହିତ୍ୟ, ବିଜ୍ଞାନ ଏବଂ ପ୍ରଯୁକ୍ତିବିଦ୍ୟା ପରି ବିଷୟ ଉପରେ ଧ୍ୟାନ ଦେବା ଜରୁରୀ | ପ୍ରାଚୀନ ଇତିହାସର ଏକ ବିସ୍ତୃତ ବୁଝାମଣା ସାମଗ୍ରିକ OPSC OAS ପରୀକ୍ଷା ପ୍ରସ୍ତୁତି ପାଇଁ ଏକ ଦୃଢ ମୂଳଦୁଆରେ ସାହାଯ୍ୟ କରେ |

What are the recommended study materials for the OPSC OAS (Odisha Administrative Service) exam?

The OPSC OAS exam covers a wide range of subjects, including General Studies, Odia Language, English Language, Mathematics, and Optional Subjects. Here are some recommended study materials:

General Studies: NCERT books for history, geography, polity, economy, and science; Manorama Yearbook; Current Affairs magazines like Pratiyogita Darpan or Yojana; OPSC previous year question papers. Odia Language: "Odia Sahitya" by Niranjan Mohanty; "Odia Grammar" by Nityananda Satapathy; OPSC OAS previous year question papers. English Language: "High School English Grammar and Composition" by Wren and Martin; "Word Power Made Easy" by Norman Lewis; OPSC OAS previous year question papers. Mathematics: NCERT books for mathematics from Class 6 to 10; RS Aggarwal's "Quantitative Aptitude"; OPSC OAS previous year question papers. Optional Subjects: Choose optional subjects based on your interests and background. Refer to standard textbooks, relevant reference books, and previous year question papers.

Where can I find OPSC OAS study material online?

There are several online platforms where you can find study material for the OPSC OAS exam. Here are a few popular options:

Official OPSC website: The Odisha Public Service Commission (OPSC) website provides access to previous year question papers and syllabus for the OAS exam. E-learning platforms: Websites like Unacademy, BYJU'S, and Gradeup offer comprehensive study materials, video lectures, practice quizzes, and mock tests specifically designed for OPSC OAS preparation. Online bookstores: Websites like Amazon, Flipkart, and Book Depository have a wide range of books and study materials for the OPSC OAS exam. You can search for specific titles or subjects and order them online. Online forums and communities: Joining online forums and communities dedicated to OPSC OAS exam preparation can be helpful. Websites like Quora and Reddit have active communities where aspirants share study materials, tips, and strategies.

Are there any free study materials available for the OPSC OAS exam?

Yes, there are free study materials available for the OPSC OAS exam. Here are a few sources where you can find them:

Official OPSC website: The OPSC website provides access to previous year question papers, syllabus, and other relevant information for free. Government websites: The Government of Odisha and other government-run websites may offer study materials, reports, and publications related to topics covered in the OAS exam. Open educational resources: Websites like National Repository of Open Educational Resources (NROER), National Digital Library (NDL), and Open Textbook Library provide free access to educational resources, e-books, and study materials. YouTube: Many educators and coaching institutes create YouTube channels where they share video lectures, tips, and study material for the OPSC OAS exam. You can search for relevant channels and playlists. Online platforms: Some e-learning platforms offer free content as well. Websites like Khan Academy, Coursera, and NPTEL have courses and resources that can supplement your OPSC OAS preparation.

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OPSC OAS Books

The Odisha Public Service Commission (OPSC) recently released an official notification regarding the Odisha Administrative Service (OAS) exam. It will be filling about 405 vacancies across various government services in Odisha.

This exam will likely help the aspirants land their dream jobs in various services such as police, cooperative, administrative, labour, revenue, and others. As the exam will recruit for various posts, the eligibility and pattern will differ accordingly.

This article shall focus on the OPSC OAS books. The difficulty level of this exam will be high. Therefore, aspirants need to prepare accordingly and select suitable books for clearing this exam.

Candidates can also visit the linked article and get details about the upcoming government exams that comprise current affairs and general awareness as an important topic in the syllabus.

Syllabus and Topics

The board will conduct the preliminary parts of the OPSC OAS exam in two parts, General Studies Paper 1 and Paper 2.

The syllabus for paper 1 is as follows.

  • National and international events
  • Indian and world geography
  • Indian history
  • Economic and social development
  • Indian polity and governance
  • General issues on environmental ecology, climate change and biodiversity
  • General Science

The syllabus of the comprehension is as follows.

  • Logical reasoning and analytical ability
  • Interpersonal skills
  • General Mental ability
  • Decision making and problem-solving skills
  • Basic numeracy and data interpretation
  • English Language Comprehension Skills

The main exam, on the other hand, comprises five papers. These include the following.

Paper 1: Odia Language

  • Translation from English to Odia
  • Essay and précis writing
  • Comprehension, grammar, vocabulary

Paper 2: English

  • Translation from Odia to English
  • Comprehension, vocabulary and grammar

Paper 3: English Essay

  • Essay writing
  • Broad views on given topics

Paper 4: General Studies I

  • Indian geography, constitution, polity and history
  • Human resources development
  • Social issues and social welfare problems
  • Environment and ecology
  • Role of National institutions

Paper 5: General Studies II

  • Indian economy
  • International Institutions
  • External security
  • Foreign affairs
  • Space and other technologies
  • Statistical analysis

Paper 6, 7, 8, 9 – Optional Papers

To know the OPSC Exam Pattern in detail, check the linked article.

Get OPSC Exam related details from the links provided below:

Best Books for OPSC OAS Exam

When it comes to choosing the best books for the OPSC OAS exam, it should depend on the aspirants. However, some of the best choices have been listed below.

General Studies

Basic numeracy and data interpretation, reasoning and mental ability, english and odia language, indian history, indian polity.

NCERT books are universally recommended as the starting point for Civil Services preparation. Making notes from NCERT books is important as it helps during revision time.

From the links below, you can download the NCERT notes for free.

  • NCERT Notes: Ancient Indian History Notes
  • NCERT Notes: Medieval Indian History Notes
  • NCERT Notes: Modern Indian History Notes
  • NCERT Notes: Art And Culture
  • NCERT Notes: Geography Notes

The OPSC OAS book list described above might not be enough for preparations. For the remaining subjects such as ecology, current affairs, science and technology, aspirants can take help from some credible newspapers, such as the Hindu, Economic Times, The Indian Express, etc. They can also take help from online resources in this regard.

Thus, hopefully, this article on OPSC OAS books will assist the aspirants regarding the right resources and materials to follow for clearing this exam. They can follow the information provided in these books while preparing.

Applying and clearing an OPSC OAS exam is never easy, mainly because of difficulty and competition.

For the Best preparation strategy for competitive exams candidates can visit the linked article and get detailed study material and preparation tips to excel in the examination.

Aspirants who shall be appearing for the exam for the first time and are willing to get some preparation tips and study material for the competitive exams can turn to BYJU’S for assistance.

Frequently Asked Questions about OPSC OAS Books

What are the required qualifications for oas.

The candidates should complete their graduation degree from a recognised university or equivalent.

What is the salary of an OAS employee?

The basic in-hand salary of an OAS employee is about Rs. 56,100 at level 12.

Aspirants preparing for multiple state examinations can go through preparation articles for important PSC exams below:

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This essay book is the Guide Penned by the renowned Author 2. Collection of more than 160 Essays covering various topics 3. Focuses on developing the art of writing essays 4. Guide is divided into 2 Parts 5. First Part focuses on how to write an effective, interesting essays with techniques 6. Second Part contains all the Latest and Updated topics from all fields of life 7. All topics have been penned in a clear and easy language 8. Vocab Cards have been provided to understand difficult words

151, thats Not at all the Number of Essays covered in the Bestselling Book, Penned by Renowned Author Mr. S C Gupta, 151 Essays is a Complete Guide to help students learn the art of essay writing through More than 160 Essays covering the panoramic view of topics on Contemporary, Social,Environmental, Political, Education, Economic, Science Technology, International, Personalities,Proverbial Idiomatic, Sports and Many More

The Book starts with a focus on developing the craft of essay writing which needs detailed knowledge of the topic, discipline of mind, analytical skills to draw a conclusion, rich vocabulary to express the thoughts, grammatical accuracy and coherence of thoughts and ideas for contextual writing. The Book is divided in 2 Major Parts, the first part prepares you to know-how of the Essay Writing be it Understanding an Essay, Part of an Essay, Steps to write an effective and Interesting Essay and Essay Sketching Techniques. The Second Part Contains All the Latest and Updated Topics from all the Field of life i.e. GST Digital India, NET Neutrality, Black Money, Drone Technology, Juvenile Justice Act 1925,Social Networking Sites, Honor Killing, Electoral Reforms and Indian Democracy, FDI Effect on Retail Stores, Role of Agriculture in Economic Reform, Indian Civil Nuclear Strategy, Terrorism In India It's Changing Face, Global Climate Change, Students Politics, Right to Education, Kalpana Chawla,Narendra Modi, Sunder Pichai, IPL, Sports is it Losing it Integrity, Habit- a Good Servant but a Bad Master, Communication face to face or Facebook and Many burning and Important Topics.

While these are important and Critical Topics Author has put a clear and easy language to Understand,Vocab Cards to understand difficult words, Latest and Updated Data to understand actual status Essays Plays an important role in competitive exams hence its a must have book for all aspirants.

  • ISBN-10 9313160285
  • ISBN-13 978-9313160281
  • Edition Fifth
  • Publisher Arihant Publications
  • Publication date 1 January 2018
  • Language English
  • Dimensions 20.3 x 25.4 x 4.7 cm
  • Print length 483 pages
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  • Publisher ‏ : ‎ Arihant Publications; Fifth edition (1 January 2018)
  • Language ‏ : ‎ English
  • Paperback ‏ : ‎ 483 pages
  • ISBN-10 ‏ : ‎ 9313160285
  • ISBN-13 ‏ : ‎ 978-9313160281
  • Item Weight ‏ : ‎ 520 g
  • Dimensions ‏ : ‎ 20.3 x 25.4 x 4.7 cm
  • Country of Origin ‏ : ‎ India
  • #454 in UPSC Civil Services
  • #702 in Education (Books)

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Essay – Civil Services Books – Mains Exam

Last updated on March 15, 2023 by Alex Andrews George

essay books

UPSC Civil Service Mains Paper 1 (popularly known as essay paper) is now of 250 marks.

Candidates may be required to write essays on multiple topics (two topics as of now). They will be expected to keep close to the subject of the essay to arrange their ideas in an orderly fashion and to write concisely.

Credit will be given for effective and exact expression.

Table of Contents

Recommended Books for Essay Paper – Civil Services Books – Mains Exam

  • Essays for Civil Services and Other Competitive Examinations by Pulkit Khare .
  • Selected Contemporary Essays by Saumitra Mohan (MHE)
  • Essay Paper for Civil Services Main Examination by Pavneet Singh and Sonali Bansal
  • A Book of Essays by Kalpana Rajaram
  • 151 ESSAYS For UPSC Mains Various State Public Service Commissions and Other competitive Examinations
  • English-Hindi-Essay Compulsory- UPSC Mains Examination
  • ESSAYS(101 Current) for Competitive Exams

How to write a good essay

Here are some tips for writing a good essay:

  • Read and understand the essay topic: Ensure that you understand the topic and what is expected of you in the essay.
  • Plan and structure: Plan the flow of your essay and create an outline to ensure that your essay has a clear structure.
  • Write in a clear and concise manner: Make sure your writing is easy to understand and avoids unnecessary technical terms or jargon.
  • Use examples and evidence: Use real-life examples and supporting evidence to reinforce your arguments.
  • Address counter-arguments: Consider and address any counter-arguments to strengthen your essay.
  • Conclusion: Sum up your key arguments and present a clear conclusion.
  • Edit and proofread: Revise your essay several times to ensure that it is error-free and presents your ideas effectively.

Remember to write in a way that is analytical, evaluative and comprehensive. Also, ensure that you stick to the word limit and allocate enough time for each essay.

To get a detailed idea on how to write a good essay, click here

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About Alex Andrews George

Alex Andrews George is a mentor, author, and social entrepreneur. Alex is the founder of ClearIAS and one of the expert Civil Service Exam Trainers in India.

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A trusted mentor and pioneer in online training , Alex's guidance, strategies, study-materials, and mock-exams have helped many aspirants to become IAS, IPS, and IFS officers.

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Home » Books » Best Books for OPSC Civil Services Exam Preparation

Best Books for OPSC Civil Services Exam Preparation

OPSC Civil Services Exam Books

Best Books for OPSC Civil Services Exam Preparation: If you guys are on the hunt for the Best Books for OPSC Civil Services Exam Preparation, then you guys chose this article. This article will give you the top OPSC Civil Services Exam Best Books. Aspirants who applied for the Odisha PSC Civil Services Exam must know the OPSC Civil Services Exam Best Books For Preparation to ace the examination. We request the candidates go through the below-given details to know the Odisha PSC Civil Services Exam Best Books list.

Table of Contents

In the following section, we have mentioned the Best Books For OPSC Civil Services Exam according to the Odisha PSC Civil Services Exam syllabus. Candidates can start their preparation by choosing the Best Books for OPSC Civil Services Exam Preparation list provided in this article.

OPSC Civil Services Exam Best Books

Know the OPSC Civil Services Exam Best Books For Preparation from the following.

Best Books for General Studies

Best books for reasoning & mental ability, best books for english & odia language, best books for english essay, best books for general studies – part 1 & 2,  opsc civil services exam indian history books,  opsc civil services exam geography books,  opsc civil services exam polity books, opsc civil services exam economy books, best books for opsc civil services personality test.

We have provided genuine details about Best Books for OPSC Civil Services Exam Preparation on this article. Stay in touch with the website @ Freshers Now .

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OPSC OAS Compulsory Papers: Odia and English

odia and english

Paper-I: Odia Language

The pattern of Questions shall be broadly as follows:

  • Comprehension of a given passage
  • Precis writing
  • Translation from English to Odia and vice-versa
  • Usage and Vocabulary
  • Short Essays

Total : 250 Marks

Paper-II: English Language

  • Short Essay
  • Each of the Papers i.e. Paper-I (Odia Language) and Paper-II (English) will be of Matriculation standard and shall be qualifying in nature. The marks obtained in these tow papers shall not be counted for ranking.
  • The aim of the papers on Odia Language and English is to test the candidates’ ability to read and understand discursive prose, and to express his ideas clearly and correctly in Odia and English language.
  • Qualifying marks in these papers is 25% of the total marks in each papers.

Related Posts

Opsc oas english literature syllabus.

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OPSC OAS 2023: Notification | Exam Pattern | Prelims Syllabus

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Best Books for OPSC OCS (Odisha) Exam PDF Download

Opsc updated exam preparation books & other study materials- 2023.

The challenge faced by all exam candidates is choosing the right OPSC Civil Services books from a myriad of options available in the market. This often leads to wastage of valuable time searching for OPSC Civil Services books. All aspirants intending to appear for the Odisha Civil Services examination should acquaint themselves with the recommended OPSC OCS books.

  • OPSC GK Books
  • General Knowledge 2020 by Manohar Pandey
  • General Studies by Disha Experts
  • General Knowledge Manual by Edgar Thorpe

These are the recommended OPSC books for prelims.

  • Reasoning & Mental Ability Books
  • A New Approach to Reasoning by B.S. Sijwali & S. Sijwali
  • Basic Numeracy and Data Interpretation Books

Top Books for English & Odia Language

  • Objective General English by R.S. Aggarwal & Vikas Aggarwal
  • Objective General English by SJ Thakur & SK Raut
  • English & Odia Language by Sangram Keshari Rout & Bijay Kumar Mohapatra

Top Books for English Essay

  • ESSAYS for Civil Services and Other Competitive Examinations by Pulkit Khare

Top Books For Paper-4 and 5 General Studies- part 1 and 2

Indian History

  • Old NCERT books
  • Physical Geography by Oxford school Atlas & NCERT Books
  • Goh Cheng Leong

These resources provide fundamental knowledge in geography.

  • Indian Polity by Laxmikanth
  • An Introduction to the constitution by D.D.Basu
  • The constitution of India by P.M Bakshi
  • Old NCERT books by NCERT Book

Explore these books for a comprehensive understanding of Indian polity.

  • Class 11th and 12th NCERTs by NCERT book
  • Indian Economy by Ramesh Singh
  • Indian Economy by Mishra and Puri
  • Current Economic Survey by Google

These books are essential for clearing economics topics.

OPSC Books 2022: Personality Test Books

The personality test marks the final stage of the OPSC Civil Services selection process.

Practice with EduRev's OPSC OCS Mock Interview to excel in the personality test. Click Here.

Top Personality Test Books (Oral)

  • Civil Services Interview- How to excel by Madhurkar Bhagat

These resources aid in improving interview skills and general awareness.

OPSC Books 2022: OPSC Syllabus

Opsc prelims syllabus.

The OPSC preliminary exam consists of two papers, each focusing on different subjects. Paper I and Paper II cover various topics essential for the exam.

OPSC Prelims Syllabus - Paper I

  • Recent occurrences of national and international significance
  • Topics related to economic and social development, poverty, demography, and more
  • Geographical aspects of India and the world
  • Issues like biodiversity, environmental ecology, climate change, etc.
  • Indian history and the national movement

OPSC Prelims Syllabus - Paper II

  • Skills in English Language Comprehension
  • Analytical and reasoning abilities
  • Mental capabilities
  • Numeracy and data interpretation
  • Decision making and problem-solving

OPSC Civil Services Exam Preparation Guide

The challenge of choosing the right books.

  • All aspirants face a common dilemma while preparing for exams - selecting the appropriate OPSC Civil Services books from a myriad of options available in the market. This often leads to a significant waste of time in the search for the best study materials.
  • If you are considering applying for the Odisha Civil Services examination, it is crucial to acquaint yourself with the recommended OPSC OCS books.

OPSC Books 2022: Subject-wise Recommendations

Below are the subject-wise lists of recommended OPSC books:

  • OPSC OCS Syllabus - Refer to the official syllabus for more details.

General Studies Preparation

  • For General Studies preparation, including OPSC current affairs, consider the following book:

OPSC OCS Important Dates

  • Authors: B.S. Sijwali & S. Sijwali
  • Publisher: Arihant Publications
  • Total Pages: 1202
  • Divisions: Verbal, Nonverbal, Analytical Reasoning
  • Features: Questions based on recent exam patterns

OPSC OCS Exam Pattern

  • Quantitative Aptitude for Competitive Examinations
  • Author: R.S. Aggarwal
  • Publisher: S. Chand Publications
  • Features: Revised edition with extensive question banks
  • Benefits: Questions of similar difficulty level as the exam
  • Recommendation: One of the best books for quantitative aptitude preparation

Top Books for Competitive Examinations

Quantitative aptitude for all competitive examinations.

  • Author: Abhijit Guha
  • Publisher: McGraw Hill Education Publications
  • Pages: 1024
  • Description: This book covers a wide range of topics and questions with varying levels of difficulty.

Objective General English - R.S. Aggarwal

  • Co-Authors: Vikas Aggarwal, S. Chand Publications
  • Description: A popular choice for the past 20 years among applicants.

Objective General English - SJ Thakur

  • Co-Author: SK Raut
  • Publisher: BK Publications
  • Edition: First Edition
  • Description: Covers grammar, sentence correction, comprehension, and more.

English Language Books Overview

Book 1: english & odia language.

  • Authors: Sangram Keshari Rout, Bijay Kumar Mohapatra
  • Pages: 364 pages
  • Description: This book comprehensively covers the fundamentals of both English and Odia languages.

Book 2: ESSAYS for Civil Services and Other Competitive Examinations

  • Author: Pulkit Khare
  • Pages: Not specified
  • Description: This book focuses on essay writing techniques, providing sample essays and suggested topics for exam candidates.

Top Indian History Books for OPSC OCS Exam Preparation

1. ancient history.

  • Name of the Book: RS Sharma
  • Author: RS Sharma
  • Description: Old NCERT. It covers the prelims syllabus thoroughly. A number of questions are directly posed by this book.

2. Medieval History

  • Name of the Book: History of Medieval India
  • Author: Satish Chandra
  • Description: This book contains a more pertinent portion on the subject. It also contains extra information about the subject.

3. Modern History

  • Name of the Book: A brief History of Modern India. Concise History of Modern History
  • Author: Spectrum publications, Sujata Menon
  • Description: This book has a lot more information on the subject. It will be quite beneficial in preparing for your Preliminary examination.

Indian Culture

  • Facts of Indian Culture
  • Centre for Cultural Resources and Training
  • Aspirants must read the above-mentioned book and website. That will suffice.

Also, check out our article for the information about theOPSC OCS Application Processto know more.

OPSC OCS Application Process

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OPSC OCS Syllabus 2024, Subject Wise Exam Pattern, Download PDF

OPSC OCS Syllabus 2024 will be main topic of this article. Applicants must be aware of the OPSC OCS Syllabus. To learn more about OPSC OCS Syllabus, candidates should read this page for more information.

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April 2, 2024

OPSC OCS Syllabus

Table of Contents

OPSC OCS Syllabus 2024 : The OPSC OCS syllabus for 2024 will be followed by Papers 1 and 2, according to the official announcement from OPSC. The OPSC OCS Paper 1 questions include several subjects, including current affairs, Indian history, public policy, the Indian Constitution, biology, and climate change. The OPSC OCS Paper 2 questions cover the concepts of data interpretation, understanding, decision-making, and fundamental arithmetic.

The OPSC OCS Prelims Exam 2024 consists of Paper 1 and Paper 2, two two-hour exams. There are two steps to the hiring process, and this is the second one. The only candidates who are invited to sit for the main examination are those who pass the preliminary exam. 

OPSC OCS Syllabus 2024

There are several different topics included in the OPSC OCS Syllabus, including aptitude, reasoning, and general studies. The keys to passing the OPSC OCS examinations include familiarizing yourself with the previous year’s questions, making a study strategy, and comprehending the syllabus and exam pattern.

OPSC OCS Syllabus Overview 2024

The preliminary, main, and interview parts constitute the three parts of the Odisha Civil Services exam. This is the time for candidates to start studying. The official notification contains information about vacancies and particular posts. An overview of the official notification data is shown in the table below.

OPSC OCS Syllabus PDF Download 2024

Candidates may prepare for the examination by downloading the official OPSC OCS Syllabus PDF from the Odisha Public Service Commission website. The PDF includes the syllabus for both the preliminary and main exams, together with the exam’s pattern, marking criteria, and other important instructions. Candidates can click on the Advt No. 20 of 2023-2024 to download the syllabus.

OPSC OCS Syllabus PDF

OPSC OCS Prelims Syllabus 2024

The OPSC OCS Exam 2024 is divided into many sections. The initial stage is the preliminary exam. The table below shows the expected syllabus for the OPSC OCS Prelims Exam 2024. There are two subjects included in the OPSC preliminary syllabus PDF: General Studies Paper 1 and General Studies Paper 2. See the table below for the comprehensive OPSC syllabus for the preliminary exam.

OPSC Prelims Exam Pattern 2024

  • Two 200-mark objective-type (multiple-choice) examinations comprise the OPSC prelims exam.
  • Two hours are allotted for the examination.
  • In the OPSC OCS preliminary exam, each wrong answer will result in a 1/3rd mark deduction.
  • A minimum of 33% will be required to pass the qualifying GS paper II of the preliminary test.

OPSC OCS Mains Syllabus 2024

This is the second step of the two-stage selection process. The invitation to take the main examination will only be sent to candidates who pass the preliminary exam. There are two parts to each of the nine descriptive subjects in the OPSC mains syllabus PDF. Two qualifying papers are included in Part I, whereas five required GS papers and one optional topic split into two papers are included in Part II. See the table below for the comprehensive OPSC syllabus for the main examination.

OPSC OCS Mains Exam Pattern

Part I and Part II of the OPSC mains exam are descriptive papers. The duration of each OPSC mains exam paper is three hours.

OPSC OCS Syllabus Exam Interview 2024

Applicants will be invited to the final interview if they pass both the mains and preliminary exams. There will be 250 marks for the interview or personality test. Thus, the purpose of this post on the OPSC OCS syllabus is to help candidates comprehend the important concepts and topics needed to succeed in the examination. Candidates might improve their chances of passing their exam quickly by setting realistic goals and arranging their preparation according to the subject.

OPSC OCS Syllabus Preparation Tips

The OPSC OCS syllabus PDF must be read by candidates to cover every topic related to the exam. They will be able to focus on areas that are relevant to the examination and maintain an advantage over their competitors. The following are some expert-recommended strategies for going over the OPSC course.

  • Making a list of the most crucial subjects from the OPSC OCS syllabus according to their importance and degree of difficulty should be the first and main part of the advice.
  • To gain knowledge about the subjects often covered in the exam, try answering OPSC past year question papers and practice exams.
  • Select the appropriate books and study materials to cover all of the OPSC syllabus subjects.
  • To help you remember information for a longer time, go over every OPSC OCS topic you have already studied twice a week.

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OPSC OCS Syllabus 2024 FAQs

Ans - Candidates must clear all three selection phases—the preliminary, main, and personality tests—to become eligible to take the OPSC OCS 2024 Exam.

Ans - As the official notice of the OPSC OCS 2024 Exam becomes available, candidates are kindly asked to begin preparing. A candidate should be able to finish the syllabus in two to three months if they study consistently.

Ans - The personality test mode has not yet been announced. The candidate will be assessed on a variety of topics, including social skills, current events knowledge, and intellectual ability.

Ans - The candidate should concentrate on reviewing all the important and relevant material, practicing questions from prior exams, and revising every day.

Ans - There is a lot of competition for the few vacancies available, so a lot of people take the exam. However, students can pass the exam if they prepare well and have proper guidance.

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Title -: Odia Reference Books for OPSC/OAS Exams (16 Books)

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         3.) Dinakrushna Das- Rasakallola- (Chhandas-16 & 34),

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         6 ) Mayadhar Manasinha (Jibana Chita )

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Essay writer is a genre of Odia literature (  in which information about a topic is given in a descriptive style. Essay in Odia ( Odia Essay Book) is an integral part of the school curriculum and students are given the task of writing essays on various subjects.

Keeping in mind the importance of essay writing, the Odia Essay Collection PDF, a compilation of beautiful essays on more than 400 subjects, is being made available here. Famous Odia essays have been compiled in this compilation.

Descriptive essays are provided essay book Odia. Essays have been written in this book on contemporary topics like Odia Essay book, Meri Maa, Importance of Truth, etc. You will get to read all these types of essays.

Essay writing is an important part of competitive exams like OPSC. That’s why it is very important to focus on writing essays and learn to write essays.

Some of the great coaching classes like SSC, OSSSC, OSSC, and Digital Odisha create and publish educational material for the students which helps them to get higher ranks in the exam.

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10 books to add to your reading list in April

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Critic Bethanne Patrick recommends 10 promising titles, fiction and nonfiction, to consider for your April reading list.

April’s book releases cover some difficult topics, including Salman Rushdie discussing his 2022 maiming, Leigh Bardugo’s fiction about the dark arts and Ada Limón’s poetry anthology about our fragile world. However, like April, there is also sunshine: Leif Enger’s wild Great Lakes love story, Helen Tworkov’s beautiful memoir of Buddhism and a collection of the inimitable Maggie Nelson’s essays. Happy reading, happy spring!

I Cheerfully Refuse: A Novel By Leif Enger Grove Press: 336 pages, $28 (April 2)

Cover of "I Cheerfully Refuse"

An unusual and meaningful surprise awaits readers of Enger’s latest, which takes place largely on Lake Superior, as a man named Rainy tries to reunite with his beloved wife, Lark. While the world around this couple, a dystopian near-future American where billionaires control everything, could not be bleaker, the author’s retelling of the myth of Orpheus (who went to the underworld to rescue his wife) contains the authentic hope of a born optimist.

The Familiar: A Novel By Leigh Bardugo Flatiron Books: 400 pages, $30 (April 9)

Cover of "The Familiar"

Bardugo departs from novels of dark academia in a standalone to make the hairs on your neck stand up, set in 16th century Spain. A hidden Sephardic Jew and scullery maid named Luzia Cotado matches wits with fellow servant Guillén Santángel. Luzia discovers a secret of Guillén’s, but she’s already fallen in love with him. And because he knows hers, too, they might both avoid the Spanish Inquisition. It’s a gorgeous tale of enchantments both supernatural and earthly.

The Sleepwalkers: A Novel By Scarlett Thomas Simon & Schuster: 304 pages, $28 (April 9)

Cover of "The Sleepwalkers"

A couple honeymoons at a Greek resort. What could go wrong? In Thomas’ hands, plenty – especially as the author has never written a comfortable story; her books, from “PopCo ” to “Oligarchy,” crackle with unreliable characters, as well as big philosophical ideas. In this case, the new marriage’s breakdown is chronicled through letters between the spouses, and sometimes bits of ephemera, that ultimately untangle a dark mystery relating to the title.

The Garden: A Novel By Clare Beams Doubleday: 304 pages, $28 (April 10)

Cover of "The Garden"

Few novels of literary fiction are written as well as “The Garden,” let alone given its sadly relevant retro setting, a 1940s country-estate obstetrical program. Irene Willard walks through its gates having endured five miscarriages; pregnant again, she and her war-veteran husband George desperately hope for a live birth. But as Irene discovers more about the woman who controls all here, Dr. Bishop, she fears carrying to term as much as she once feared pregnancy loss.

Reboot: A Novel By Justin Taylor Pantheon: 304 pages, $28 (April 23)

Cover of "Reboot"

David Crader, former teen TV heartthrob, just wants to reboot his career when his old show “Rev Beach” has a moment. His life has devolved through substance abuse, divorce and underemployment. But when he and colleagues launch a remake, devolution continues: The protagonist’s struggles are mirrored by climate-change issues, from flooding to wildfires. Despite that darkness, Taylor’s gift for satire might make this a must-read for 2024 beach bags.

You Are Here: Poetry in the Natural World By Ada Limón (Editor) Milkweed Editions: 176 pages, $25 (April 2)

Cover of "You Are Here"

A wondrous artist herself, Limón is currently poet laureate of the United States, and this anthology is part of her signature project, “You Are Here,” which will also feature poetry as public art in seven national parks. Released in conjunction with the Library of Congress, the collection features 50 previously unpublished poems by luminaries including Jericho Brown, Joy Harjo, Carl Phillips and Diane Seuss, each focusing on a piece of regional landscape.

Like Love: Essays and Conversations By Maggie Nelson Graywolf Press: 336 pages, $32 (April 2)

Cover of "Like Love"

While all of the pieces in Nelson’s new book have previously been published elsewhere, they’re made fresh here both through being collected and through their chronological placement. Readers can practically watch Nelson’s incisive mind growing and changing as she speaks with colleagues such as Hilton Als and Judith Butler, or as she writes about queerness, motherhood, violence, the lyrics of Prince and the devastating loss of a friend.

Knife: Meditations After an Attempted Murder By Salman Rushdie Random House: 204 pages, $28 (April 16)

Cover of "Knife"

On Aug. 12, 2022, the author Salman Rushdie was speaking at upstate New York’s Chautauqua festival when a man rushed the stage and attempted to murder him. Rushdie, a target of Iranian religious leaders since 1989, was permanently injured. In this book, he shares his experience for the first time, having said that this was essential for him to write. In this way, he answers violence with art, once again reminding us all that freedom of expression must be protected.

Lotus Girl: My Life at the Crossroads of Buddhism and America By Helen Tworkov St. Martin’s Essentials: 336 pages, $29 (April 16)

Cover of "Lotus Girl"

Tworkov, founder of the magazine Tricycle, chronicles her move from a 1960s young-adult interest in Buddhism to travels through Asia and deep study in the United States of the different strands that follow the Buddha’s teachings. Tworkov mentions luminaries such as the artist Richard Serra, the composer Charles Mingus and the Dalai Lama, but she’s not name-dropping. Instead, she’s strewing fragrant petals from her singular path to mindfulness that may help us find ours.

The Demon of Unrest: A Saga of Hubris, Heartbreak, and Heroism at the Dawn of the Civil War By Erik Larson Crown: 592 pages, $35 (April 30)

Cover of "The Demon of Unrest"

Even diehard Civil War aficionados will learn from Larson’s look at the six months between Lincoln’s 1860 election and the surrender of Union troops under Maj. Robert Anderson at Charleston’s Ft. Sumter. Larson details Anderson’s secret Christmas redeployment and explores this individual’s contradictions as a former slave owner who loyally follows Lincoln’s orders. The author also shares first-person perspective from the famous diaries of the upper-class Southerner Mary Chesnut. All together, the book provides a riveting reexamination of a nation in tumult.

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You are required to submit an essay in the Personal Comments Essay section. You must complete two additional essays if you apply to an MD-PhD program: the MD-PhD Essay and the Significant Research Experience Essay.  This essay should reflect your personal perspective and experiences accurately. Make sure you proofread carefully because no changes may be made after you submit your application.

Personal Comments Essay

Consider and write your Personal Comments Essay carefully; many admissions committees place significant weight on the essay. Here are some questions you may want to consider while writing the essay:

  • Why have you selected the field of medicine?
  • What motivates you to learn more about medicine?
  • What do you want medical schools to know about you that has not been disclosed in other sections of the application?

In addition, you may wish to include information such as:

  • Unique hardships, challenges, and obstacles that may have influenced your educational pursuits.
  • Comments on significant fluctuations in your academic record not explained elsewhere in your application.

Formatting Your Essay:  Medical schools receive all text-entry responses as plain text. This means that formatting options such as bulleted lists, indented paragraphs, and bold and italic fonts do not appear for reviewers and are not available in the AMCAS application. You may want to include an extra space between paragraphs because the essay does not permit indentation.

To avoid formatting issues, we recommend typing your essay directly into your AMCAS application; copying formatted text into the application may result in formatting problems that can’t be edited after your application is submitted. If you do cut and paste your essay(s) into the application, you should draft your essay(s) in a plain text format, such as Microsoft Notepad or Mac TextEdit.

Please keep the following in mind:

  • Proofread carefully! No changes (including corrections to grammatical or typographical errors) may be made to your essay after you submit your application to the AMCAS program.
  • You can’t run a spell check in the AMCAS application, but most browsers have built-in spell checking that you can enable. Use English (United States) characters; other characters may not be accurately recognized.
  • Medical schools prefer to receive applications that follow normal writing practices regarding the case of letters. You should avoid using all uppercase or all lowercase letters for the text responses in your application.
  • Plagiarism or misrepresentations may result in an investigation. You may use artificial intelligence tools for brainstorming, proofreading, or editing your essays. However, it's essential to ensure that the final submission reflects your own work and accurately represents your experiences.
  • It isn’t necessary to repeat information reported elsewhere on your application.
  • The essay will be sent to all the medical schools you apply to.
  • The space allotted for the essay is 5,300 characters, or about one page. Spaces are counted as characters. You will receive an error message if you exceed the character limit.

MD-PhD Essay

If you’re applying to MD-PhD programs, you’re required to provide two additional essays, the MD-PhD Essay and the Significant Research Experience Essay. Use the MD-PhD Essay to state your reasons for pursuing the combined MD-PhD degree. Your essay will be forwarded only to your designated MD-PhD programs. This essay is limited to 3,000 characters.

Below the MD-PhD Essay, you will be asked to enter your total hours of research experience.

Significant Research Experience Essay

If you’re applying to MD-PhD programs, you’re also required to write an essay that describes your significant research experiences. In this essay, please specify your research supervisor’s name and affiliation, the duration of the experience, the nature of the problem you studied, and your contributions to the research effort. This essay is limited to 10,000 characters.

If you were an author of a publication about your research, please enter the full citation in the Work/Activities section of your application.

Please note: If you change the program type to a Combined MD-PhD Program at a designated school after you submit your application to the AMCAS program, you will need to complete the MD-PhD and Significant Research Experience Essays before you can resubmit your application.

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Guest Essay

Hong Kongers Are Purging the Evidence of Their Lost Freedom

An illustration of a giant red snake wrapped around the feet of four people on a dark and empty street.

By Maya Wang

Ms. Wang is the acting China director for Human Rights Watch.

“What should I do with those copies of Apple Daily ?”

Someone in Hong Kong I was chatting with on the phone recently had suddenly dropped her voice to ask that question, referring to the pro-democracy newspaper that the government forced to shut down in 2021.

“Should I toss them or send them to you?”

My conversations with Hong Kong friends are peppered with such whispers these days. Last week, the city enacted a draconian security law — its second serious legislative assault on Hong Kong’s freedoms since 2020. Known as Article 23 , the new law expands the National Security Law and criminalizes such vague behavior as the possession of information that is “directly or indirectly useful to an external force.”

Hong Kong was once a place where people did not live in fear. It had rule of law, a rowdy press and a semi-democratic legislature that kept the powerful in check. The result was a city with a freewheeling energy unmatched in China. Anyone who grew up in China in the 1980s and 1990s could sing the Cantopop songs of Hong Kong stars like Anita Mui, and that was a problem for Beijing: Freedom was glamorous, desirable.

When Britain handed Hong Kong back to China in 1997, the city’s people accepted, in good faith, Beijing’s promises that its capitalist system and way of life would remain unchanged for 50 years and that the city would move toward universal suffrage in the election of its leader.

Not anymore. Now Hong Kong people are quietly taking precautions, getting rid of books, T-shirts, film footage, computer files and other documents from the heady days when this international financial center was also known for its residents’ passionate desire for freedom.

I used to joke that I never needed to watch dystopian series like “The Handmaid’s Tale” or “The Hunger Games.” As someone who has lived and worked for years in Hong Kong and China, I know what it feels like to descend into deepening repression, remembering our free lives.

As Beijing kept breaking its promises over the years, Hong Kongers took to the streets to defend their freedoms nearly every sweltering summer. In 2003, demonstrations by half a million people forced Hong Kong’s government to shelve an earlier attempt to introduce Article 23. In 2014, hundreds of thousands peacefully occupied parts of the city for 79 days to protest moves by Beijing to ensure that only candidates acceptable to the Communist Party could run for election as Hong Kong’s top leader.

But Hong Kongers were unprepared for the coming of President Xi Jinping of China, the architect of another frightening crackdown far away on the mainland.

In 2017, I started to receive reports that Uyghurs and other Turkic Muslim minorities were disappearing into “ political education” camps in the northwestern region of Xinjiang . People who had managed to get out told me how Xinjiang’s borders were suddenly closed, escape was becoming impossible and speech or behavior that was once acceptable — like simply praying at a neighbor’s house — could get you jailed. Officials would enter homes to inspect books and decorations. Uyghurs were discarding copies of the Quran or books written in Arabic, fearing they would be disappeared or jailed for insufficient loyalty to the Chinese Communist Party. One man told me he had burned a T-shirt with a map of Kazakhstan on it — many of Xinjiang’s inhabitants are ethnic Kazakhs with family members across the border — because any foreign connection had become risky.

As these stories of repression and fear emerged from Xinjiang, they were instantly recognizable in Hong Kong. In 2019, the city’s government proposed a bill that would have allowed extradition to China. Fear and anger — and the feeling that Hong Kong people needed to make one last stand while they could — exploded in months of protest .

One of the 2019 protest slogans — “Today’s Xinjiang is tomorrow’s Hong Kong”— sounded to me like hyperbole at the time. Now, five years later, it feels prescient. Today, it’s Hong Kongers who are disposing of dangerous books and T-shirts. Some people I know have quietly left an online chat group that includes foreign organizations and individuals; such contact could put the group’s Hong Kong members at risk. Others are quitting social media; tens of thousands have already left Hong Kong.

After Beijing imposed the National Security Law in Hong Kong in 2020, it used the law to decimate the city’s pro-democracy movement by jailing its leaders. More than 1,000 people remain in jail. Fearful of arrest, independent labor unions and media outlets disbanded. Libraries pulled hundreds of books off shelves. Films and plays were censored. Civil servants can no longer stay neutral and are forced to pledge allegiance to the government.

Both the National Security Law and Article 23, passed last week, are broad, vague and blunt instruments intended to critically wound civil liberties and transform institutions that protected people’s freedoms into tools of repression. Under Article 23, anyone found guilty of participating in a meeting of a “prohibited organization” or who discloses “unlawful” and vaguely defined “state secrets” could face a decade behind bars.

Beijing has couched this repression in terms like “the rule of law,” and visitors to Hong Kong often fail to recognize the transformations taking place beneath the enduring glitz of the city. That leaves the rest of the world detached from the reality on the ground — unable to sympathize with Beijing’s victims or to feel their breathlessness under this growing weight.

One acquaintance in Hong Kong told me that people he knew had become blasé about their sudden loss of freedom and were just coldly watching the destruction of the city and what it stood for. But others, toughened over the years, still express hope and defiance. The solidarity forged through nearly two decades of widespread activism won’t die easily. A Pew Research Center survey this month found that more than 80 percent of Hong Kongers still want democracy, however remote that possibility looks today.

The Chinese government wants the world to forget about Hong Kong, to forget what the city once was, to forget Beijing’s broken promises. But Hong Kong’s people will never forget. Don’t look away.

Maya Wang (@wang_maya) is acting China director for Human Rights Watch.

The Times is committed to publishing a diversity of letters to the editor. We’d like to hear what you think about this or any of our articles. Here are some tips . And here’s our email: [email protected] .

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“Mother Of Dragons” Comet

Facts for prelims (ffp).

Source: TOI

Context: The “Mother of Dragons” comet , officially named Comet 12P/Pons-Brooks , is making a rare appearance in the Northern Hemisphere skies .

  • This unique “Halley-type” comet , which completes its orbit around the sun every 71 years , is visible after dusk, marking its first appearance since 1954.
  • Named by the European Space Agency due to its association with the “kappa-Draconids” meteor shower, the comet exhibits a bright green colour due to the emission of emerald-coloured light from diatomic carbon molecules.
  • Notable for its cryovolcanic nature, the comet regularly erupts, creating stunning displays of brightness.

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