what is presentation layer in sap abap

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What is SAP ABAP: A Brief Overview

• SAP ABAP | Basic Syntax & Statements
• SAP ABAP | Understanding Variables
• SAP ABAP Keywords
• SAP ABAP | Constants & Literals Explained
• SAP ABAP | Data Types
• Relational operators in SAP ABAP
• Operators in SAP ABAP

Loop concept in SAP ABAP

• SAP ABAP | Decision Control Statements
• SAP ABAP | Loop Control
• SAP ABAP | While Loop
• SAP ABAP | Do Loop
• Prime numbers from 1 to n in SAP ABAP
• Nested Loop in SAP ABAP

OOPs concept in SAP ABAP

• SAP ABAP | Object Orientation
• Classes in SAP ABAP
• SAP ABAP | Interfaces
• SAP ABAP | Understanding Inheritance
• Abstract Class Vs Interface in SAP ABAP
• SAP ABAP | Polymorphism
• Visibility Section in Classes | SAP ABAP

SAP ABAP Macros and Data Dictionary

• SAP ABAP | Macros
• Web Dynpro in SAP ABAP - Architechture, MVC Model and components
• What is SAP ABAP Data Dictionary (DDIC)?
• SAP ABAP: A complete Guide to Events in ABAP Report
• SAP ABAP | Function Modules

SAP ABAP Report Programming

• SAP ABAP | Report Programming

SAP ABAP Interview Questions

• Top SAP ABAP Interview Questions for Freshers
• Top SAP ABAP Interview Questions for Experienced
• Is coding knowledge required to learn SAP ABAP?

Diffrences of SAP ABAP with Others

• Diffrence Between SAP and SAP ABAP(Advanced Business Application Programming)
• Difference Between SAP ERP and SAP ABAP

SAP ABAP (Advanced Business Application Programming) is a high-level programming language created by the German software company SAP SE. ABAP is primarily used for developing and customizing applications within the SAP ecosystem , which includes enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems and other business software solutions. C++ is used to implement the ABAP kernel. A procedural and object-oriented programming model are both supported by the hybrid programming language ABAP.

Table of Content

Purpose of SAP ABAP

Features of sap abap, development environment of sap abap, application types of sap abap, integration of sap abap, security in sap abap, performance of sap abap, versioning and maintenance in sap abap, extensibility in sap abap, architecture of sap abap, components used for communication in sap abap:.

ABAP is designed to work with SAP’s software suite, allowing developers to create custom reports, enhancements, and applications that integrate with SAP systems.

It is used for developing both transactional and analytical applications, enabling businesses to manage their processes, data, and operations effectively.

ABAP is a procedural and object-oriented programming language. It supports structured programming principles and object-oriented programming concepts.

ABAP provides powerful data manipulation capabilities, allowing you to work with database tables, internal tables, and data structures.

It offers extensive support for handling and processing large volumes of data and performing complex calculations.

ABAP provides a rich set of integrated development tools and a comprehensive debugging environment for developers.

ABAP developers typically use the SAP NetWeaver Application Server (AS ABAP) as the runtime environment and the SAP NetWeaver Development Workbench (SAP NetWeaver Studio) as the integrated development environment (IDE).

SAP provides a wide range of tools and technologies to support ABAP development, including the ABAP Development Tools (ABAP in Eclipse) and the SAP Web IDE for SAP HANA , among others.

ABAP is used to create various types of applications, such as custom reports, forms, workflow processes, enhancements to existing SAP functionality, and more.

Developers can also create web-based applications using technologies like Web Dynpro ABAP and SAPUI5.

ABAP applications seamlessly integrate with SAP systems and share data with other SAP modules. It can also connect to external systems using various communication methods, including web services, RFC (Remote Function Call) , and more.

SAP ABAP applications are known for their robust security features, and developers can implement role-based authorization and access controls to protect sensitive business data.

ABAP is optimized for high performance in SAP systems. Developers can use various techniques to optimize code and database access to ensure efficient processing.

ABAP programs are typically stored in the SAP system’s repository and can be versioned and transported between different SAP environments, such as development, testing, and production.

ABAP supports extensibility through enhancements and modifications, allowing developers to customize standard SAP applications to meet specific business requirements without modifying the original source code.

Applications written in SAP ABAP can be developed using the Application Server ABAP (AS ABAP) . The ABAP Workbench, an integrated change and transport system ( CTS) , and the ABAP Runtime Environment (a virtual machine for ABAP programs) are all provided for this. These application servers run ABAP programs and use the message server to exchange messages with each other as well as with the database and presentation components.

3 Tier Server Architecture (R/3 Architecture) of SAP ABAP:

It is known as R/3 Architecture, based on a client-server model. The majority of SAP ABAP’s components can be split down into three layers:

SAP ABAP Architecture

• Presentation Layer: The presentation layer offers two mechanisms: Input, which lets users communicate with the system, and output, which lets the system show the results of human engagement. A graphical user interface is the SAP GUI. The SAP GUI is installed on individual machines that act as the presentation layer.
• Application Layer : It communicates by taking inputs from the Presentation layer manipulates the data according to business needs and takes data from the database layer then sends it back to Presentation Layer. It is the environment where all Business logic is written in the ABAP code environment.
• Database Layer : The data are stored in the database layer. Every relational database is supported by SAP. No database is provided by SAP. But it works with all RDBMS. One system or computer must have the database layer installed. Oracle and DB2 are the two main databases utilized in SAP deployments.
• RFC (Remote Function Call ) : – The preferred SAP interface for transferring data between SAP systems is RFC. A function in a distant system is called an RFC.There are now numerous distinct RFC variations available, each of which has unique characteristics and serves a particular function. It is communicable over synchronous or asynchronous channels.
• ICM(Internet Communication Manager) – Within a SAP Web Application Server, Internet communication is handled by the ICMan process. It explains how a TCP/IP request is forwarded to a J2EE engine or an ABAP context with a standard protocol on top (like HTTP/S).
• Programming Models : OOPS Concept – By Using Oops Concept via creating object can be acieveable by making local Class or GLobal , Interfaces also can be implemented. Procedural way – In this Modular Programming came in concept using Subroutines and Function Moduels.
• For Dynamic storage on runtime, we have internal tables, structures, work areas, etc.
• The proper way of storing objects in a particular repository like Transport Request
• Can Generate PDF or XML documents via Forms, and scripts.
• Can access different integrated work environments through RFC..
• Multilingual Capability : The main advantage of ABAP, it can have an Output in Various languages, but for the desired Output those languages need to be available in the system. The Reort we can make in a Fixed language, for the Different Businees scenario we can translate all the text of the Program .

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In this topic, we described about the below sections -

• Kernel and Basis Services
• ABAP Workbench
• Presentation Components
• Presentation layer
• Application layer
• Database layer
• RFC Interface
• Internet Communication Manager (ICM)
• ABAP Channels

What are the views of R/3 System?

The R/3 system is the platform for all other applications in the R/3 System. In R/3, R stands for Real-time and 3 stands for 3-tier architecture. The R/3 System can have different set of views in different prospects. The main views among them are -

• Logical view
• Software Oriented View

What is the logical view of R/3 System?

The below diagram represents the logical view of the R/3 system -

The difference between “logical view” and "hardware or software-based view” is, not all the above components assigned to a specific hardware or software unit. The above diagram explains how the R/3 basis system constructs a central platform within the R/3 System. The tasks of three logical components tasks of the R/3 Basis system are described below -

Kernel and Basis Services –

The kernel and basis services is a runtime environment for all R/3 applications (i.e. hardware, operating system, and database specific). The runtime environment is mainly written in C and C++. However, some parts are also written in ABAP.

The tasks of the kernel and basis services are - “running applications”, “user and process administration”, “database access”, “communication” and “system monitoring and administration”.

ABAP Workbench –

The ABAP Workbench is a complete development environment for applications in the ABAP language. We can create, edit, test, and manage application developments using workbench. Workbench is itself written in ABAP and is fully integrated in the R/3 system.

Presentation Components –

The presentation components are responsible for the interaction between the R/3 System and the user.

What is Software Oriented View of R/3 system?

The software-oriented view specifies the different software components (i.e. all the SAPgui components and application servers) that produce R/3 system. The below diagram represents a software-oriented view of the R/3 System.

SAP R/3 system is a multi-tier client-server architecture. The SAP R/3 architecture is basically divided into three layers and those are -

Presentation layer –

Presentation layer is an interface between the R/3 system and its end-users. Presentation layer is a distributed to the workstations of end users. The end users can be client or customer or individual users.

Presentation layer receives the data from the input devices and sends it to the application layer (server) to process the data. And, responsible to receive the processed data from the application layer and sends the same to the devices where the result requires to display.

The data or input can be entered by using the input devices. The input devices can be browsers, mobile devices, font-end GUI systems and so on.

The presentation layer is normally distributed across several presentation servers. The presentation layer analyzes user inputs and transfers these to the application layer.

Application layer –

The application layer is an intermediate layer. This layer process the inputs from the presentation layer and one messaging server. The application layer is implemented using application servers. Application server(s) can be one or multiple. Each Application server can contain either one or multiple services to run an R/3 system.

It communicates to the database layer with the input received from the presentation layer, processes input and sends the results back to the presentation layer. The application layer contains the ABAP runtime environment where the ABAP programs are executed.

All the services are distributed to the more than one application server. Messaging server contains the information about the application groups and load balancing information. Messaging server is responsible for the communication between the existing application servers.

Messaging server is responsible for -

• Passes the requests from one application server to another.
• Assigns appropriate application server when users logged in.

Database layer –

Database layer is layer contains the central database system of all the data in R/3 system. Normally, this database layer installs on the different server due to the security, performance and processing issues.

This layer is responsible for processing the requests from the application layer and sends back the required information. In general, either SQL or ORACLE servers can be used.

All R/3 data stores in the database. Database layer contains two components -

• Database Management Systems

The communication flow happens from the presentation layer to database layer and vice versa. Technical distribution of the system is independent of the layers. I.e., All the three layers can be installed on the same machine or can be installed on different individual machines.

What are the external communication components of R/3 system?

These three layers are coming up with the following communication components -

RFC Interface –

This is the traditional functional interface of ABAP. A remote function call is a call of a function in other system that is different from the calling program running system. Calls are possible between different ABAP systems or between an ABAP system and an external system. On ABAP, the functions are implemented in function modules.

Internet Communication Manager (ICM) –

ICM is a process of ABAP that allows ABAP to communicate directly with the Internet using HTTP/HTTPS/SMTP. ICM is used to connect Web-based components such as SAPUI5, Web Dynpro ABAP, and BSP. ICM allows an ABAP to be used both as a client and as a server for Web services. ICM is accessed within ABAP programs using the classes and interfaces of Internet Communication Framework (ICF).

ABAP Channels –

ABAP Channels are a framework for event-based communication between application servers and the Internet. ABAP Messaging Channels (AMC) are used to exchange messages between ABAP programs on different application servers. ABAP Push Channels (APC), allow two-way communication between ABAP and the Internet using the WebSocket or TCP socket protocol.