health education plan example nursing

Effective Tips for writing a good Patient Teaching/Education Plan

How do I write a teaching plan for nursing? If this question bothers you, then you are in luck. Patient education is critical in aiding positive patient outcomes and ensuring maximum independence. Nurses play a significant role in patient education by utilizing nursing teaching plans to provide the necessary information to patients to manage their health conditions. A detail-oriented nursing education plan informs patients, improves their understanding of their medical condition, and helps them make the best decisions about their health. As a nursing student, you must learn how to write a teaching plan so that you can communicate well with patients about their medical issues.

In this guide, we will define a nursing teaching plan, show you the steps for creating a teaching plan for a patient, and give tips for writing an impactful teaching plan.

What is a Teaching Plan in Nursing?

A nurse-teaching or patient education plan guides patients about a particular medical issue. In other words, it is a way for nurses to teach patients about their illnesses so that they can know how to take medication and manage their disease.

These plans are necessary for informing patients without medical backgrounds what to do when they are not close to their doctors. They identify a patient's current needs and acknowledge the possible risks. The goal is to achieve long-lasting behavioural changes by providing relevant knowledge to allow patients to make autonomous decisions about their health.

Nurse teaching plans are vital in patient education as they are used to achieve the best care plan for patients. Usually, both nurses and nursing students use these teaching plans to learn more about a particular illness. They can make better decisions concerning a diagnosis, impending surgery, medications, and treatment options.

A well-thought-out patient teaching plan is an effective way for nurses to teach patients instead of communicating information without a plan.

What Should A Nursing Teaching Plan Include

A good teaching plan must include the following:

• Purpose of the lesson.
• The overall goal of the lesson.
• Objectives for achieving the goals.
• Lesson outline.
• Instrumental methods that show how you plan to teach the lesson.
• Timeline for achieving the objective.
• Instrumental resources for achieving the identified objectives.
• How do you evaluate whether the objectives are working?

These are all crucial elements that will help

How to Create a Nursing Teaching Plan

Research shows that a well-thought-out teaching plan significantly improves patient outcomes and saves lives. For this reason, you must learn how to create an effective teaching plan. The following are the steps for creating an effective teaching plan for nursing.

Come up with the Goals of the Teaching Plan

Figuring out how to write a patient teaching plan is challenging, so setting a goal to guide you through every step is necessary. Remember, a lesson plan outlines teaching goals, learning objectives, and how you intend to accomplish them.

An effective and productive nursing teaching plan differs from one in which everything goes well but in which both the teacher and student gain something from it.

Start by deciding what medical issues, such as surgery or treatment ideas, will be the basis for the teaching plan. Then, decide what you want the nursing plan to fulfill.

For example, if you are teaching a diabetic patient, the goal would be to inform them how they would be taking regular insulin injections. Ensure the goals are measurable, realistic, achievable, and relevant to the patient's medical condition.

Find Out What Works Best

Ask the patient how they learn best so that you can match their style. If you don’t know how to go about this, consider asking, "The last time you learned about something new easily, how was it taught?" If they prefer visuals or jotting things down, make sure you make it possible for them. This is necessary for delivering medical information in a way that the patient can understand.

The most common way to teach patients is using visual components and auditorily. Thus, it's best to include images, graphs, and diagrams in your nursing if they prefer visuals. If they prefer auditory, it's best to read to them out loud or provide a recording device they can use whenever.

Assess Patient's Knowledge

Apart from knowing how patients learn best, it's important that you also assess their medical knowledge. This will then help you know how to write a nursing teaching plan that works well. If they don't understand medical concepts, you may have to find more information in the teaching plan to make it easy for them to grasp what you intend to teach them. You can achieve this by asking the following questions:

• Have you had any health-related issues related to your current condition?
• Do you truly understand your current health condition?
• Have you ever been given a teaching plan before?
• On a scale of 1-10, Please rate your medical condition.

The answers to these questions will help you judge a patient's knowledge of medical concepts. Nurses play a big role in identifying and addressing patients' knowledge deficits, which any of the following could cause:

• Limited access to education - Some patients may need help obtaining educational resources or internet access to understand even the simplest terms.
• Health illiteracy - Not being health literate could make it difficult for one to understand medical terminologies. The reading level for all material should be between 3rd and 5th grade.
• Poor communication - When key information is miscommunicated, patients will miss what they should know.
• Cognitive impairment - those with cognitive impairment, such as intellectual disability, will struggle to process information. Your target should be between 3-5 pieces of information at a time.
• Emotional distress - patients experiencing high emotional stress, such as anxiety, may be unable to focus or understand information when it is shared.
• Language barrier - Nurses and patients will experience difficulty communicating. Patients will also have difficulty understanding important information. If your patient’s primary language differs from English, find an interpreter to translate the resources for effective learning.

As a nurse, you should know all the causes of knowledge deficit to communicate well with the patients. Knowledge deficit refers to a lack of the necessary information to understand and process an illness and treatment options, thus impeding a patient's ability to make informed decisions aligning with their health.

Also, ensure you know all the patient's needs and concerns before teaching them. This means you should be aware of all their issues and key details of the after-care plan.

For example, a patient may have been given prescription medication by their therapist to take at home.

At the same time, they may be required to do some exercises according to their physical therapist. Therefore, it's imperative that you keenly evaluate theory ability to understand what you will be teaching them.

Please note that some patients may struggle to understand even the simplest information because of a mental issue. So, it's best to know this before you begin teaching them.

Create an Outline

Now that you have figured out the patient's learning style and knowledge of medical concepts, you need to develop an outline of what information you will deliver. Use either an online template or create one. Include the following in the outline:

• Short and long-term goals that you would want the patient to achieve.
• Patient medical information.
• Strategies for achieving the goals.

Include the patient through every step by sharing information to make them feel they are in control of their health.

Write Clear Instructions

Write down clearly what you expect the patients to do. Explain when, where, and how you want the patient to complete the task.

Don't beat around the bush. Make sure every information you are sharing is as specific as possible. For instance, if your teaching plan is about chemotherapy treatment, include details of when they should come, how many times they should come in a month, and the side effects of the treatment. Other information you should add:

• Predicted outcomes
• Alternative strategies
• Resources for medical help
• Medications
• Exercise strategies
• Nutrition information

 All this information is necessary to understand the patient's medical condition comprehensively.

Provide information in Small Chunks.

It’s essential to share information with patients in a way that they can understand. For this reason, sharing information in smaller, more manageable, and meaningful chunks is necessary so that you don’t overwhelm them. Therefore, it breaks down complex phrases and sentences into smaller sections that are easy to process.

Before moving to the next section, ensure the previous one is easy to digest. In addition, make it easy for patients to ask for information about what they do not understand and provide clarification when needed.

Create a Glossary of the Medical Terms

Patient information must be written and communicated in a way that is easy for patients to understand. Medical terms refer to words and phrases that are used specifically in healthcare. Including a glossary list ensures that patients can refer to terms they do not understand. A glossary of terms is crucial to the success of the nursing teaching plan because some medical terms are extremely complex, especially for patients without any medical background.

Provide Relevant Copies of the Material

Increase your chances of success by providing relevant material and the teaching plan. This could be information about health facilities pamphlets, contact information for emergency clinics, and information about specialists.

Also, customize and print the resources instead of just handing the patient a stack of papers. The teaching plan should address their plans.

Additionally, before being discharged, repeat the plan with the patients to ensure they understand it. Some of these resources are valuable in multiple languages, so you can find the one suitable for your patients to make it easier for them to understand the information.

Evaluate the Outcome of the Teaching Plan

Check-in with the patient occasionally to know how well they follow the teaching plan. If they are having difficulties, offer to show them again or adjust the mode of information delivery.

Also, consider reviewing the teaching plan once more to know whether information could confuse the patient. If there are, consider simplifying the questions.

You may be forced to reteach the information once more through different methods. So, modify the nursing education plan until the main objective is achieved, which is learning.

Use the following steps to evaluate the patient outcomes:

• Use a teach-back strategy- Ask the patient to explain what they have learned in their own words. The aim is not to test them but to know whether they described the information in a way that meets their learning needs. Use the following questions to implement the teach-back strategy:
• “How you will….”
• “What are you going to do if…."
• “How would you explain….”
• As they answer, encourage accurate responses and respectfully clarify any gaps.
• Encourage return demonstration. Evaluate how well they can demonstrate through kill performance. As they do this, gently correct any mishaps.
• Measure a change in patient outcomes- Measure how they adhere to the self-management plan through tools such as questionnaires, symptom logs, etc. Likewise, consider checking readmission rates and verify whether they have adhered to the treatment by checking lab reports.

Tips for Success

The following are some tips to increase your chance of success when using a nursing teaching plan to educate your patients.

Anticipate Questions

Before you begin teaching the patients, you must anticipate any questions or concerns they might have. This will help you act on them and prepare adequately for the lesson.

For instance, if you teach a parent of a child with high blood pressure, you might anticipate a question like, why does a young child have high blood pressure?

Prepare a teaching plan that addresses the fact that high blood pressure in children is a common result of kidney problems.

Involve the patient's Family.

Patients’ family involvement in a patient education plan is critical as it impacts the quality of care and patient outcomes. It also improves their mental health and motivates them to follow the teaching plan.

Family involvement will ensure that the patients get the help they need to follow through with the teaching plan. If they cannot come, arrange to speak to them by phone or email.

Stimulate Patient’s Interest

Patient interest is necessary for them to learn and follow through with the teaching plan. The best way to stimulate this interest is by first building a rapport, asking questions, being respectful, and considering their concerns. i

f your patient prefers detailed information about a particular concept, provide it to them. If they prefer facts, ensure that you also offer them.

Final Word 

Creating an impressive nursing teaching plan is necessary to ensure patients take a proactive role in their health. For this reason, you must know how to write it well. Including clear objectives and implementing the appropriate teaching methods will ensure that patients learn everything they need. The above tips will help you create an impactful nursing teaching plan.

Are you struggling to figure out how to write a teaching plan for a patient? Whether it is a Flyer, Poster, or Word document, you can get assignment help here at Nursemygrade.com.

We have competent online nursing writers who can complete various nursing assignments, including a nursing patient teaching plan. Our writers will include every detail based on instructions to ensure you get an A grade. Just reach out to us by placing an order , and we will get back to you immediately.

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Nursing Teaching Plan

A nursing teaching plan is essential for nurses to educate and empower their patients effectively. Here is a free PDF download from Carepatron to assist nurses in developing their teaching plans.

By Wynona Jugueta on Apr 08, 2024.

Fact Checked by Ericka Pingol.

What is a Nursing Teaching Plan?

A nurse teaching plan is a structured framework designed to guide nurses in educating patients and their families about their knowledge of healthcare, wellness, and disease management.

At its core, nursing teaching aids are a personalized educational strategy tailored to meet the specific needs of an individual patient or a small group of patients with similar health concerns. This is similar to concept map nursing templates , too.

The nurse plan outlines the educational and medical terminology objectives, patient teaching plans, teaching methods, and assessment strategies that nurses have for effective knowledge transfer. Nurses are crucial in delivering patient education and empowering individuals to make informed decisions about their health.

The importance of nurse teaching plans cannot be overstated. They contribute significantly to patient outcomes, promoting adherence to treatment plans, preventive measures, and lifestyle modifications. These plans enhance patient engagement and self-management by fostering a collaborative and educational relationship between healthcare providers and patients.

Printable Nursing Teaching Plan

Download this Nursing Teaching Plan to guide nurses in educating patients and their families about their knowledge of healthcare, wellness, and disease management.

How to create a Nursing Teaching Plan?

Creating an effective nursing teaching plan involves a systematic approach to ensure patients receive tailored and comprehensive education. Follow these steps to develop a nursing teaching plan that meets your patients ' unique education needs.

Step 1: Assess patient needs

Begin by conducting a thorough assessment of the patient. Consider their medical condition, existing nursing diagnoses, and the specific disease processes involved. Consider cultural differences, learning styles, and the patient's self-care abilities. This initial evaluation provides a foundation for designing a patient-centered teaching plan.

Step 2: Set clear objectives

Define the goals and objectives of your nursing teaching plan. What specific knowledge or skills should the patient acquire? Clearly outline these objectives to guide your teaching efforts. Ensure your teaching skills and objectives align with the patient's medical condition, addressing any identified nursing notes.

Step 3: Develop a lesson plan

Create a structured lesson plan based on your objectives. Include the key topics, teaching methods, and necessary materials or resources. Consider the patient's learning style and adapt your approach accordingly. This is where the nursing teaching plan template becomes invaluable, providing a framework for organizing your educational content.

Step 4: Tailor content to the patient

Adapt your teaching materials and methods to suit the individual patient's needs. Consider their cultural background, language preferences, and self-care capabilities. Providing information that resonates with the patient enhances understanding and promotes engagement.

Step 5: Incorporate interactive learning

Encourage active participation through interactive learning methods. This could include demonstrations, discussions, or hands-on activities. Evaluate the patient's understanding throughout the teaching process and adjust your approach as needed.

Step 6: Evaluate and adjust

After delivering the teaching plan, evaluate its effectiveness. Seek feedback from the patient to gauge their comprehension and identify any areas that may require further clarification. Use this feedback to adjust and refine your teaching strategies for future sessions.

Nursing Teaching Plan example (sample)

The following example is a practical illustration of an effective nursing teaching plan. Crafted by the Carepatron experts, this sample visually represents how a nursing teaching plan template can be structured to address various patient needs.

This example is a valuable reference, showcasing the application of critical elements such as necessary information such as nursing notes, disease processes, self-care considerations, and cultural nuances within a comprehensive teaching plan.

Download this free Nursing Teaching Plan template example here:

At Carepatron, we understand the significance of a well-designed nursing teaching plan in delivering patient-centered education. The example presented here encapsulates the principles discussed in the previous sections, offering a clear and concise framework for healthcare experts to adapt to their specific patient populations.

Tips on creating a Nursing Teaching Plan

Enhance the effectiveness of your nursing teaching plan with these insightful tips, ensuring that risky information is communicated clearly and patients are well-prepared to manage their healthcare journey.

1. Evaluate patient understanding regularly

Frequent assessments of patient comprehension are crucial. Gauge their understanding of precarious information about the treatment plan and available treatment alternatives and determine any specific dietary requirements. This ongoing evaluation allows for timely adjustments and ensures that patients are well-informed.

2. Tailor teaching to new diagnoses

When patients receive a new diagnosis, customize your teaching plan to address their needs. Cover essential information about the specific condition, treatment options, and potential lifestyle adjustments like a particular diet. Provide support and reassurance during this critical period.

3. Emphasize the importance of follow-up

Highlight the significance of follow-up appointments. Reinforce the idea that regular check-ups are vital for monitoring progress, adjusting treatment plans, and addressing emerging concerns. Encourage open communication to foster a collaborative approach to healthcare.

4. Consider time constraints wisely

Recognize time restrictions and adapt your teaching plan accordingly. Prioritize profound and essential information, ensuring patients leave with critical insights even in situations with limited time. Emphasize key points and provide supplementary resources for further understanding.

5. Utilize small group sessions

Incorporate small group sessions to facilitate interactive learning. This approach promotes a supportive environment where patients can share experiences, ask questions, and learn from one another. Small groups and group dynamics enhance engagement and understanding.

Why use Carepatron as your nursing software?

In the dynamic landscape of healthcare, Carepatron stands out as a premier solution, offering clients a suite of features that seamlessly integrate into the workflow of nursing professionals. With an unwavering commitment to efficiency, Carepatron has become the go-to platform for those seeking top-notch nursing software.

Customizable nurse scheduling software

Carepatron understands the challenges of managing complex nursing schedules. Its innovative nurse scheduling software streamlines the process, allowing for efficient allocation of resources, minimizing conflicts, and ensuring optimal staffing levels. This feature empowers nursing teams to focus on patient care, confident in the reliability of their scheduling.

Secured practice management software

For comprehensive practice management , Carepatron provides a robust software solution. This tool optimizes administrative tasks, from appointment scheduling to billing, freeing up valuable time for healthcare professionals and experts. The user-friendly interface ensures seamless navigation, making practice management more efficient and less time-consuming.

User-friendly patient portal software

Carepatron recognizes the importance of patient engagement in modern healthcare. The patient portal software enhances communication and collaboration between healthcare providers and patients. With secure access to medical records, appointment scheduling, and educational resources from other healthcare professionals, patients can actively participate in their care, promoting a more informed and empowered healthcare experience.

Commonly asked questions

To evaluate a nursing teaching plan, assess patient understanding through open-ended questions and feedback. Regularly review the patient teaching plan's effectiveness, making adjustments to address evolving patient needs and comprehension levels.

To create a nursing teaching plan, follow these steps: assess patient needs, set clear objectives, tailor content to the patient, incorporate interactive learning, and evaluate and adjust after implementation. Utilize a nursing teaching plan template to structure the plan efficiently and ensure comprehensive coverage.

A patient teaching plan should include critical information about the medical condition, treatment plans, and care practices. Address specific dietary requirements, provide information on follow-up medical appointments, and consider the patient's unique learning style, cultural differences, and time constraints for effective education.

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10 Ways Nurses and Nurse Leaders Can Improve Patient Education

Patient education is the key to long-term patient outcomes. Yet, nurses juggle many responsibilities. They often work on short-staffed units and care for patients with complex healthcare needs.

It can be difficult to fit teaching into a crammed schedule. Nurses often need to think on their feet and teach patients under less than ideal circumstances.

However, there are several ways to improve patient education. Three nursing experts discuss how hospitals can promote patient teaching and how nurses can include patient education in their skill set.

A Nurses’ Role in Patient Education

It is essential that hospital and nursing management value patient education because it can help build stronger patient outcomes. Nurses play an important role in patient education by increasing a patient’s knowledge and confidence in skills they will need after being released from the hospital. These skills can prepare a patient at discharge.

One study found that patient education was influenced by economic barriers. The data also suggested managers should offer more support for educational development.

Craig Laser has a background in clinical nursing and managerial roles. In his experience, patients may have received education before discharge, but this doesn’t guarantee patients fully understand, comprehend, or know what to do next, he says.

Patient education is a learned skill. Nurses who are unfamiliar with strong teaching techniques may find continuing education for nurses helpful. Remember to take advantage of the resources you have in your unit, too. Ask to shadow an experienced nurse who can share their patient education tips and strategies.

1. Keep It Simple

Nurses and other healthcare professionals can speak in a language all their own. Myocardial infarction, cerebral embolism, dorsiflexion, and ganglion may all be everyday terms for a nurse but not for a patient. During patient education, these terms should be parked at the door.

Avoid using medical terminology and abbreviations. For example, a CBC may seem simple enough, but make sure you use “complete blood count” for your patient.

Keeping it simple also means not waiting till discharge to educate your patient. Patient education should begin during the initial assessment and continue until discharge.

Providing education in bite-sized pieces also helps your patient retain more information. Retaining information can be challenging during stressful times but is especially important during these times in a patient’s life.

2. Provide Educational Paperwork in Patient’s Native Language

Health literacy rates are not linked with literacy rates. A person may have excellent comprehension skills yet still have difficulty understanding healthcare information to make informed decisions.

Michelle Kotte, a psychiatric mental health nurse practitioner, emphasizes the importance of providing healthcare paperwork in the patient’s native language. If language barriers impact patient care, you can use apps for nurses like MediBabble or even Google Translate to improve the quality of healthcare and patient education.

Here are a few ways to make patient education easily understood.

• Relay the information and instructions for the patient clearly.
• Do not go in-depth into disease processes with a patient who is just learning about the disease.
• Make sure the information is written down so the patient can review it later as needed.
• Remember that the patient may be feeling overwhelmed by receiving too much information at once, so keep it simple.

3. Consider a Patient’s Communication Barriers

In addition to patients whose native language is not English, you may have patients with other communication barriers. Your patient education strategies should include teaching patients who have sensory impairments.

Barriers may include sight or hearing impairment or those who have cognitive issues. Nurses can overcome communication barriers with planning, compassion, and patience.

For example, you might have to rethink teaching a procedure like a dressing change. For individuals without a visual impairment, you can show where to place the tape. For visually impaired patients, you will need to talk through each step and demonstrate by touch.

4. Use the Teach-Back Method

Ann Kriebel-Gasparro, DrNP, FNP-BC, advises nurses to use the “teach-back” method in their patient education. Kriebel-Gasparro is a faculty member at Walden University and holds credentials as a family and gerontological nurse practitioner.

Despite evidence that the method is effective, many physicians do not use it. They cite time constraints or that patients may take offense as their reasons.

“Make sure the patient understands that you are not trying to test them, but want to understand whether you have explained things so that they understand,” Kriebel-Gasparro advises.

Another name for this method is “closing the loop.” After finishing a short bite of information, you can ask the patient to repeat it in their own words. For example, after explaining how insulin works in the body, you may say, “Just to be sure I was clear, could you tell me why you’ll be taking insulin?”

Making sure your patient repeats back accurate information ensures they understand and allows you to fill any gaps in communication.

5. Write Down Important Information

When a patient struggles with pain, nausea, or breathing, they will have difficulty learning new concepts or remembering details. This is how the body responds to distress. Kotte advises nurses to write detailed instructions for patients to reference later to avoid valuable patient education getting lost.

Nurses should also give patients phone numbers of people they can contact if they have questions. It is also helpful if patients have a family member with them, so someone else can help re-educate the patient if needed.

6. Promote Health by Continuously Educating Patients

Some of the lifestyle changes patients must make that promote health are challenging. Eating a healthier diet, quitting tobacco products, or reducing or eliminating alcohol will likely not change unless the patient is aware of how these behaviors affect their health and wellness. Patients may be in a precontemplative stage of change, says Kotte.

“This means that at that time, they have no intention of changing behavior,” Kotte explains. “This can be an emotionally challenging experience as a nurse.”

During this time, patients are often unaware or poorly understand how their behavior affects their health. Nurses play a role in helping move patients to the contemplative stage. During this time, patients become aware that the problem exists and begin to think they can overcome the issue.

Through patient education and support, patients can be encouraged to make a plan and take action. In this role, nurses can promote health by continuously and compassionately educating patients.

7. A Fully Staffed Floor Aids in Patient Education

Nurse-to-patient ratios have a direct impact on patient safety, outcome, and education. A high ratio may compromise a nurse’s ability to provide safe care and will affect patient outcomes. Safe ratios are dependent on patient acuity, technology, monitoring, experience, and the physical layout of the unit.

The importance of this factor led California to establish minimum ratios in 2004. To date:

• 15 states have staffing regulations in place
• Eight states require hospitals to have staffing committees

Kriebel-Gasparro encourages nurses to take action if they find themselves short-staffed. Options include:

• Joining a nursing union if your hospital has one
• Creating a safe staffing group
• Becoming a nurse advocate for safe staffing in your hospital

Taking advantage of nursing organizations is also an option. For instance, in Pennsylvania a group called the Nurses of PA is advocating on behalf of nurses and patients. It is a grassroots organization that has banded together to contact legislators to change laws for safe staffing in hospitals.

8. Telehealth Increases Education Opportunities for Nurses

The role of telehealth nursing services grew significantly during the pandemic, and it is here to stay. Nurses must develop solutions to promote the use of technology.

There are some telehealth limitations with patient education, such as communicating over a camera. Healthcare professionals and telehealth nurses need to become comfortable with the technology and practice telehealth communication skills.

Telehealth can increase access to care and patient education. Telehealth offers the opportunity to provide health screenings, patient education, and discuss the importance of vaccinations.

Kriebel-Gasparro is excited by the option to expand patient care to greater geographic areas. She also likes how technology can be used for various aspects of patient care such as Medicare assessments and psychiatry.

“One of the benefits of telehealth is the education on health, diseases, and screenings that nurses can provide,” she says.

9. Manage Expectations for Change

Clinical nurses work in a high-stress environment, and many have experienced nurse burnout . Burnout is a state of emotional, physical, and mental exhaustion. It’s often triggered by long hours caring for patients with poor outcomes, a perceived lack of control, and not enough support. The consequences of burnout include a stressed immune system, overwhelming fatigue, and anxiety.

One way to deal with nurse burnout is to manage your expectations for patient outcomes. It’s vital to educate your patients to motivate them to choose a healthier lifestyle. But Kotte cautions that you can do this without becoming personally involved in your patient’s outcome.

By acknowledging your patient may not be ready to make changes, “we are able to better manage our expectations and ultimately provide the best patient care,” she says.

10. Provide Educational Content in Various Forms

Every person has a learning style. Your learning style increases the amount of information you can absorb and use in your decision-making.

There are four basic learning styles.

1. Visual Learners

• Absorb by seeing and observing
• Do best with diagrams, flow charts, pictures, and written instruction

2. Auditory Learners

• Retain more information from speaking than from written information
• Can reinforce the information by saying it out loud
• Benefit from the “teach-back” method

3. Kinesthetic/Tactile Learners

• Experience things through touch, like handling equipment
• Might struggle to sit through demonstrations

4. Reading and Writing Learners

• Can be similar to visual learners
• Understand content best when expressed with words

As you are preparing to engage your patient, ask them how they learn best. Most people know if they want a lecture, material to read, or equipment to learn.

By meeting your patient’s needs, you can improve their level of patient education and possibly their outcome. Laser advises nurses to think broadly about the types of educational material they may use.

“Some patients may prefer a multimedia approach to support their learning needs,” he says. “Some patients may need a video format to maximize their learning. What about text messages, Instagram pictorials, or a Tik Tok format?”

Meet Our Contributors

Ann Kriebel-Gasparro, DrNP, FNP-BC, GNP-BC

Ann Kriebel-Gasparro , faculty member in Walden University’s master of science in nursing program, has more than 26 years of experience in nursing and is credentialed as both a family and gerontological nurse practitioner. Kriebel-Gasparro is a current member of the Gerontological Advanced Practice Nurses Association and previously served on the Rare Disease Advisory Council for the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania’s Department of Health.

Michelle Kotte, DNP, PMHNP-BC

Michelle Kotte is a faculty member in Walden University’s master of science in nursing program. She practices as a psychiatric mental health nurse practitioner at Emerald Psychiatry in Dublin, Ohio. Kotte has taught assessment, pathophysiology, and psychiatric nursing in online , in-person, and hybrid courses.

Craig Laser, Ed.D., BSN, RN

Craig Laser is a clinical associate professor at Arizona State University within the master of global management in healthcare services program. Laser has worked as a clinical nurse, nurse leader, and consultant. His clinical background includes critical care nursing, emergency/trauma nursing, and critical care transport/flight nursing. Laser’s interests include the practice of leadership, workforce dynamics, and cultural transformation.

Reviewed by

Shrilekha Deshaies, MSN, CCRN, RN

Shri Deshaies is a nurse educator with over 20 years of experience teaching in hospital, nursing school, and community settings. Deshaies’ clinical area of expertise is critical care nursing and she is a certified critical care nurse. She has worked in various surgical ICUs throughout her career, including cardiovascular, trauma, and neurosurgery.

Page last reviewed November 28, 2021. Shri Deshaies is a paid member of the Red Ventures Education freelance review network. Learn more about our review partners here .

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Community Health Nursing: Teaching Plan Resources

• Healthy People 2020
• Demographics & Population
• Federal Policy
• Texas Policy
• Interview Guide
• Theories and Models
• Teaching Plan Resources
• Finding Articles

Program Examples

• Partners - Health Promotion and Health Education News
• Healthy People 2020 - Program Planning
• NACCHO - National Association of County & City Health Officials

Cultural Competence

• HHS - Think Cultural Health
• National Center for Cultural Competence (NCCC)
• NIH - Clear Communication
• MedlinePlus - How to Write Easy-to-Read Health Materials
• Health Reach
• Multi-Cultural Resources for Health Information
• The Community Guide
• Community Toolbox
• NACCHO Toolbox

Patient Education Resources

• AHRQ - Patient Education Materials
• HHS - Outreach Activities & Resources

Subject Guide

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Nursing Care Plans (NCP) Ultimate Guide and List

Writing the  best   nursing care plan  requires a step-by-step approach to complete the parts needed for a care plan correctly. This tutorial will walk you through developing a care plan. This guide has the ultimate database and list of nursing care plans (NCP) and nursing diagnosis samples  for our student nurses and professional nurses to use—all for free! Care plan components, examples, objectives, and purposes are included with a detailed guide on writing an excellent nursing care plan or a template for your unit. 

Table of Contents

Standardized care plans, individualized care plans, purposes of a nursing care plan, three-column format, four-column format, student care plans, step 1: data collection or assessment, step 2: data analysis and organization, step 3: formulating your nursing diagnoses, step 4: setting priorities, short-term and long-term goals, components of goals and desired outcomes, types of nursing interventions, step 7: providing rationale, step 8: evaluation, step 9: putting it on paper, basic nursing and general care plans, surgery and perioperative care plans, cardiac care plans, endocrine and metabolic care plans, gastrointestinal, hematologic and lymphatic, infectious diseases, integumentary, maternal and newborn care plans, mental health and psychiatric, musculoskeletal, neurological, pediatric nursing care plans, reproductive, respiratory, recommended resources, references and sources, what is a nursing care plan.

A  nursing care plan (NCP)  is a formal process that correctly identifies existing needs and recognizes a client’s potential needs or risks. Care plans provide a way of communication among nurses, their patients, and other healthcare providers to achieve healthcare outcomes. Without the nursing care planning process, the quality and consistency of patient care would be lost.

Nursing care planning begins when the client is admitted to the agency and is continuously updated throughout in response to the client’s changes in condition and evaluation of goal achievement. Planning and delivering individualized or patient-centered care is the basis for excellence in nursing practice.

Types of Nursing Care Plans

Care plans can be informal or formal: An informal nursing care plan is a strategy of action that exists in the nurse ‘s mind. A  formal nursing care plan is a written or computerized guide that organizes the client’s care information.

Formal care plans are further subdivided into standardized care plans and individualized care plans:  Standardized care plans specify the nursing care for groups of clients with everyday needs.  Individualized care plans are tailored to meet a specific client’s unique needs or needs that are not addressed by the standardized care plan.

Standardized care plans are pre-developed guides by the nursing staff and health care agencies to ensure that patients with a particular condition receive consistent care. These care plans are used to ensure that minimally acceptable criteria are met and to promote the efficient use of the nurse’s time by removing the need to develop common activities that are done repeatedly for many of the clients on a nursing unit.

Standardized care plans are not tailored to a patient’s specific needs and goals and can provide a starting point for developing an individualized care plan .

Care plans listed in this guide are standard care plans which can serve as a framework or direction to develop an individualized care plan.

An individualized care plan care plan involves tailoring a standardized care plan to meet the specific needs and goals of the individual client and use approaches shown to be effective for a particular client. This approach allows more personalized and holistic care better suited to the client’s unique needs, strengths, and goals.

Additionally, individualized care plans can improve patient satisfaction . When patients feel that their care is tailored to their specific needs, they are more likely to feel heard and valued, leading to increased satisfaction with their care. This is particularly important in today’s healthcare environment, where patient satisfaction is increasingly used as a quality measure.

Tips on how to individualize a nursing care plan:

• Perform a comprehensive assessment of the patient’s health, history, health status, and desired goals.
• Involve the patient in the care planning process by asking them about their health goals and preferences. By involving the client, nurses can ensure that the care plan is aligned with the patient’s goals and preferences which can improve patient engagement and compliance with the care plan.
• Perform an ongoing assessment and evaluation as the patient’s health and goals can change. Adjust the care plan accordingly.

The following are the goals and objectives of writing a nursing care plan:

• Promote evidence-based nursing care and render pleasant and familiar conditions in hospitals or health centers.
• Support holistic care, which involves the whole person, including physical, psychological, social, and spiritual, with the management and prevention of the disease.
• Establish programs such as care pathways and care bundles. Care pathways involve a team effort to reach a consensus regarding standards of care and expected outcomes. In contrast, care bundles are related to best practices concerning care for a specific disease.
• Identify and distinguish goals and expected outcomes.
• Review communication and documentation of the care plan.
• Measure nursing care.

The following are the purposes and importance of writing a nursing care plan:

• Defines nurse’s role. Care plans help identify nurses’ unique and independent role in attending to clients’ overall health and well-being without relying entirely on a physician’s orders or interventions.
• Provides direction for individualized care of the client.  It serves as a roadmap for the care that will be provided to the patient and allows the nurse to think critically in developing interventions directly tailored to the individual.
• Continuity of care. Nurses from different shifts or departments can use the data to render the same quality and type of interventions to care for clients, therefore allowing clients to receive the most benefit from treatment.
• Coordinate care. Ensures that all members of the healthcare team are aware of the patient’s care needs and the actions that need to be taken to meet those needs preventing gaps in care.
• Documentation. It should accurately outline which observations to make, what nursing actions to carry out, and what instructions the client or family members require. If nursing care is not documented correctly in the care plan, there is no evidence the care was provided.
• Serves as a guide for assigning a specific staff to a specific client.  There are instances when a client’s care needs to be assigned to staff with particular and precise skills.
• Monitor progress. To help track the patient’s progress and make necessary adjustments to the care plan as the patient’s health status and goals change.
• Serves as a guide for reimbursement.  The insurance companies use the medical record to determine what they will pay concerning the hospital care received by the client.
• Defines client’s goals. It benefits nurses and clients by involving them in their treatment and care.

A nursing care plan (NCP) usually includes nursing diagnoses, client problems, expected outcomes, nursing interventions, and rationales. These components are elaborated on below:

• Client health assessment , medical results, and diagnostic reports are the first steps to developing a care plan. In particular, client assessment relates to the following areas and abilities: physical, emotional, sexual, psychosocial, cultural, spiritual/transpersonal, cognitive, functional, age-related, economic, and environmental. Information in this area can be subjective and objective.
• Nursing diagnosis . A nursing diagnosis is a statement that describes the patient’s health issue or concern. It is based on the information gathered about the patient’s health status during the assessment.
• Expected client outcomes. These are specific goals that will be achieved through nursing interventions. These may be long and short-term.
• Nursing interventions . These are specific actions that will be taken to address the nursing diagnosis and achieve expected outcomes . They should be based on best practices and evidence-based guidelines.
• Rationales. These are evidence-based explanations for the nursing interventions specified.
• Evaluation . These includes plans for monitoring and evaluating a patient’s progress and making necessary adjustments to the care plan as the patient’s health status and goals change.

Care Plan Formats

Nursing care plan formats are usually categorized or organized into four columns: (1) nursing diagnoses, (2) desired outcomes and goals, (3) nursing interventions, and (4) evaluation. Some agencies use a three-column plan where goals and evaluation are in the same column. Other agencies have a five-column plan that includes a column for assessment cues.

The three-column plan has a column for nursing diagnosis, outcomes and evaluation, and interventions.

This format includes columns for nursing diagnosis, goals and outcomes, interventions, and evaluation.

Below is a document containing sample templates for the different nursing care plan formats. Please feel free to edit, modify, and share the template.

Download: Printable Nursing Care Plan Templates and Formats

Student care plans are more lengthy and detailed than care plans used by working nurses because they serve as a learning activity for the student nurse.

Care plans by student nurses are usually required to be handwritten and have an additional column for “Rationale” or “Scientific Explanation” after the nursing interventions column. Rationales are scientific principles that explain the reasons for selecting a particular nursing intervention.

Writing a Nursing Care Plan

How do you write a nursing care plan (NCP)? Just follow the steps below to develop a care plan for your client.

The first step in writing a nursing care plan is to create a client database using assessment techniques and data collection methods (physical assessment, health history, interview, medical records review, and diagnostic studies). A client database includes all the health information gathered . In this step, the nurse can identify the related or risk factors and defining characteristics that can be used to formulate a nursing diagnosis. Some agencies or nursing schools have specific assessment formats you can use.

Critical thinking is key in patient assessment, integrating knowledge across sciences and professional guidelines to inform evaluations. This process, crucial for complex clinical decision-making, aims to identify patients’ healthcare needs effectively, leveraging a supportive environment and reliable information

Now that you have information about the client’s health, analyze, cluster, and organize the data to formulate your nursing diagnosis, priorities, and desired outcomes.

Nursing diagnoses are a uniform way of identifying, focusing on and dealing with specific client needs and responses to actual and high-risk problems. Actual or potential health problems that can be prevented or resolved by independent nursing intervention are termed nursing diagnoses.

We’ve detailed the steps on how to formulate your nursing diagnoses in this guide:  Nursing Diagnosis (NDx): Complete Guide and List .

Setting priorities involves establishing a preferential sequence for addressing nursing diagnoses and interventions. In this step, the nurse and the client begin planning which of the identified problems requires attention first. Diagnoses can be ranked and grouped as having a high, medium, or low priority. Life-threatening problems should be given high priority.

A nursing diagnosis encompasses Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs and helps to prioritize and plan care based on patient-centered outcomes. In 1943, Abraham Maslow developed a hierarchy based on basic fundamental needs innate to all individuals. Basic physiological needs/goals must be met before higher needs/goals can be achieved, such as self-esteem and self-actualization. Physiological and safety needs are the basis for implementing nursing care and interventions. Thus, they are at the base of Maslow’s pyramid, laying the foundation for physical and emotional health.

Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs

• Basic Physiological Needs: Nutrition (water and food), elimination (Toileting), airway (suction)-breathing (oxygen)-circulation (pulse, cardiac monitor, blood pressure) (ABCs), sleep , sex, shelter, and exercise.
• Safety and Security: Injury prevention ( side rails , call lights, hand hygiene , isolation , suicide precautions, fall precautions, car seats, helmets, seat belts), fostering a climate of trust and safety ( therapeutic relationship ), patient education (modifiable risk factors for stroke , heart disease).
• Love and Belonging: Foster supportive relationships, methods to avoid social isolation ( bullying ), employ active listening techniques, therapeutic communication , and sexual intimacy.
• Self-Esteem: Acceptance in the community, workforce, personal achievement, sense of control or empowerment, accepting one’s physical appearance or body habitus.
• Self-Actualization: Empowering environment, spiritual growth, ability to recognize the point of view of others, reaching one’s maximum potential.

The client’s health values and beliefs, priorities, resources available, and urgency are factors the nurse must consider when assigning priorities. Involve the client in the process to enhance cooperation.

Step 5: Establishing Client Goals and Desired Outcomes

After assigning priorities for your nursing diagnosis, the nurse and the client set goals for each determined priority. Goals or desired outcomes describe what the nurse hopes to achieve by implementing the nursing interventions derived from the client’s nursing diagnoses. Goals provide direction for planning interventions, serve as criteria for evaluating client progress, enable the client and nurse to determine which problems have been resolved, and help motivate the client and nurse by providing a sense of achievement.

One overall goal is determined for each nursing diagnosis. The terms “ goal outcomes “ and “expected outcome s” are often used interchangeably.

According to Hamilton and Price (2013), goals should be SMART . SMART stands for specific, measurable, attainable, realistic, and time-oriented goals.

• Specific. It should be clear, significant, and sensible for a goal to be effective.
• Measurable or Meaningful. Making sure a goal is measurable makes it easier to monitor progress and know when it reaches the desired result.
• Attainable or Action-Oriented. Goals should be flexible but remain possible.
• Realistic or Results-Oriented. This is important to look forward to effective and successful outcomes by keeping in mind the available resources at hand.
• Timely or Time-Oriented. Every goal needs a designated time parameter, a deadline to focus on, and something to work toward.

Hogston (2011) suggests using the REEPIG standards to ensure that care is of the highest standards. By this means, nursing care plans should be:

• Realistic. Given available resources. 
• Explicitly stated. Be clear about precisely what must be done, so there is no room for misinterpretation of instructions.
• Evidence-based. That there is research that supports what is being proposed. 
• Prioritized. The most urgent problems are being dealt with first. 
• Involve. Involve both the patient and other members of the multidisciplinary team who are going to be involved in implementing the care.
• Goal-centered. That the care planned will meet and achieve the goal set.

Goals and expected outcomes must be measurable and client-centered.  Goals are constructed by focusing on problem prevention, resolution, and rehabilitation. Goals can be short-term or long-term . Most goals are short-term in an acute care setting since much of the nurse’s time is spent on the client’s immediate needs. Long-term goals are often used for clients who have chronic health problems or live at home, in nursing homes, or in extended-care facilities.

• Short-term goal . A statement distinguishing a shift in behavior that can be completed immediately, usually within a few hours or days.
• Long-term goal . Indicates an objective to be completed over a longer period, usually weeks or months.
• Discharge planning . Involves naming long-term goals, therefore promoting continued restorative care and problem resolution through home health, physical therapy, or various other referral sources.

Goals or desired outcome statements usually have four components: a subject, a verb, conditions or modifiers, and a criterion of desired performance.

• Subject. The subject is the client, any part of the client, or some attribute of the client (i.e., pulse, temperature, urinary output). That subject is often omitted in writing goals because it is assumed that the subject is the client unless indicated otherwise (family, significant other ).
• Verb. The verb specifies an action the client is to perform, for example, what the client is to do, learn, or experience.
• Conditions or modifiers. These are the “what, when, where, or how” that are added to the verb to explain the circumstances under which the behavior is to be performed.
• Criterion of desired performance. The criterion indicates the standard by which a performance is evaluated or the level at which the client will perform the specified behavior. These are optional.

When writing goals and desired outcomes, the nurse should follow these tips:

• Write goals and outcomes in terms of client responses and not as activities of the nurse. Begin each goal with “Client will […]” help focus the goal on client behavior and responses.
• Avoid writing goals on what the nurse hopes to accomplish, and focus on what the client will do.
• Use observable, measurable terms for outcomes. Avoid using vague words that require interpretation or judgment of the observer.
• Desired outcomes should be realistic for the client’s resources, capabilities, limitations, and on the designated time span of care.
• Ensure that goals are compatible with the therapies of other professionals.
• Ensure that each goal is derived from only one nursing diagnosis. Keeping it this way facilitates evaluation of care by ensuring that planned nursing interventions are clearly related to the diagnosis set.
• Lastly, make sure that the client considers the goals important and values them to ensure cooperation.

Step 6: Selecting Nursing Interventions

Nursing interventions are activities or actions that a nurse performs to achieve client goals. Interventions chosen should focus on eliminating or reducing the etiology of the priority nursing problem or diagnosis. As for risk nursing problems, interventions should focus on reducing the client’s risk factors. In this step, nursing interventions are identified and written during the planning step of the nursing process ; however, they are actually performed during the implementation step.

Nursing interventions can be independent, dependent, or collaborative:

• Independent nursing interventions are activities that nurses are licensed to initiate based on their sound judgement and skills. Includes: ongoing assessment, emotional support, providing comfort, teaching, physical care, and making referrals to other health care professionals.
• Dependent nursing interventions are activities carried out under the physician’s orders or supervision. Includes orders to direct the nurse to provide medications, intravenous therapy , diagnostic tests, treatments, diet, and activity or rest. Assessment and providing explanation while administering medical orders are also part of the dependent nursing interventions.
• Collaborative interventions are actions that the nurse carries out in collaboration with other health team members, such as physicians, social workers, dietitians, and therapists. These actions are developed in consultation with other health care professionals to gain their professional viewpoint.

Nursing interventions should be:

• Safe and appropriate for the client’s age, health, and condition.
• Achievable with the resources and time available.
• Inline with the client’s values, culture, and beliefs.
• Inline with other therapies.
• Based on nursing knowledge and experience or knowledge from relevant sciences.

When writing nursing interventions, follow these tips:

• Write the date and sign the plan. The date the plan is written is essential for evaluation, review, and future planning. The nurse’s signature demonstrates accountability.
• Nursing interventions should be specific and clearly stated, beginning with an action verb indicating what the nurse is expected to do. Action verb starts the intervention and must be precise. Qualifiers of how, when, where, time, frequency, and amount provide the content of the planned activity. For example: “ Educate parents on how to take temperature and notify of any changes,” or “ Assess urine for color, amount, odor, and turbidity.”
• Use only abbreviations accepted by the institution.

Rationales, also known as scientific explanations, explain why the nursing intervention was chosen for the NCP.

Rationales do not appear in regular care plans. They are included to assist nursing students in associating the pathophysiological and psychological principles with the selected nursing intervention.

Evaluation is a planned, ongoing, purposeful activity in which the client’s progress towards achieving goals or desired outcomes is assessed, and the effectiveness of the nursing care plan (NCP). Evaluation is an essential aspect of the nursing process because the conclusions drawn from this step determine whether the nursing intervention should be terminated, continued, or changed.

The client’s care plan is documented according to hospital policy and becomes part of the client’s permanent medical record, which may be reviewed by the oncoming nurse. Different nursing programs have different care plan formats. Most are designed so that the student systematically proceeds through the interrelated steps of the nursing process , and many use a five-column format.

Nursing Care Plan List

This section lists the sample nursing care plans (NCP) and nursing diagnoses for various diseases and health conditions. They are segmented into categories:

Miscellaneous nursing care plans examples that don’t fit other categories:

Care plans that involve surgical intervention.

Nursing care plans about the different diseases of the cardiovascular system :

Nursing care plans (NCP) related to the endocrine system and metabolism:

Care plans (NCP) covering the disorders of the gastrointestinal and digestive system :

Care plans related to the hematologic and lymphatic system :

NCPs for communicable and infectious diseases:

All about disorders and conditions affecting the integumentary system :

Nursing care plans about the care of the pregnant mother and her infant. See care plans for maternity and obstetric nursing:

Care plans for mental health and psychiatric nursing:

Care plans related to the musculoskeletal system:

Nursing care plans (NCP) for related to nervous system disorders:

Care plans relating to eye disorders:

Nursing care plans (NCP) for pediatric conditions and diseases:

Care plans related to the reproductive and sexual function disorders:

Care plans for respiratory system disorders:

Care plans related to the kidney and urinary system disorders:

Recommended nursing diagnosis and nursing care plan books and resources.

Disclosure: Included below are affiliate links from Amazon at no additional cost from you. We may earn a small commission from your purchase. For more information, check out our privacy policy .

Ackley and Ladwig’s Nursing Diagnosis Handbook: An Evidence-Based Guide to Planning Care We love this book because of its evidence-based approach to nursing interventions. This care plan handbook uses an easy, three-step system to guide you through client assessment, nursing diagnosis, and care planning. Includes step-by-step instructions showing how to implement care and evaluate outcomes, and help you build skills in diagnostic reasoning and critical thinking.

Nursing Care Plans – Nursing Diagnosis & Intervention (10th Edition) Includes over two hundred care plans that reflect the most recent evidence-based guidelines. New to this edition are ICNP diagnoses, care plans on LGBTQ health issues, and on electrolytes and acid-base balance.

Nurse’s Pocket Guide: Diagnoses, Prioritized Interventions, and Rationales Quick-reference tool includes all you need to identify the correct diagnoses for efficient patient care planning. The sixteenth edition includes the most recent nursing diagnoses and interventions and an alphabetized listing of nursing diagnoses covering more than 400 disorders.

Nursing Diagnosis Manual: Planning, Individualizing, and Documenting Client Care  Identify interventions to plan, individualize, and document care for more than 800 diseases and disorders. Only in the Nursing Diagnosis Manual will you find for each diagnosis subjectively and objectively – sample clinical applications, prioritized action/interventions with rationales – a documentation section, and much more!

All-in-One Nursing Care Planning Resource – E-Book: Medical-Surgical, Pediatric, Maternity, and Psychiatric-Mental Health   Includes over 100 care plans for medical-surgical, maternity/OB, pediatrics, and psychiatric and mental health. Interprofessional “patient problems” focus familiarizes you with how to speak to patients.

Recommended reading materials and sources for this NCP guide: 

• Björvell, C., Thorell-Ekstrand, I., & Wredling, R. (2000). Development of an audit instrument for nursing care plans in the patient record.   BMJ Quality & Safety ,  9 (1), 6-13. [ Link ]
• DeLaune, S. C., & Ladner, P. K. (2011).  Fundamentals of nursing: Standards and practice . Cengage learning.
• Freitas, F. A., & Leonard, L. J. (2011). Maslow’s hierarchy of needs and student academic success .  Teaching and learning in Nursing ,  6 (1), 9-13.
• Hamilton, P., & Price, T. (2007). The nursing process, holistic.  Foundations of Nursing Practice E-Book: Fundamentals of Holistic Care , 349.
• Lee, T. T. (2004). Evaluation of computerized nursing care plan: instrument development .  Journal of Professional Nursing ,  20 (4), 230-238.
• Lee, T. T. (2006). Nurses’ perceptions of their documentation experiences in a computerized nursing care planning system .  Journal of Clinical Nursing ,  15 (11), 1376-1382.
• Rn, B. O. C., Rn, H. M., Rn, D. T., & Rn, F. E. (2000). Documenting and communicating patient care: Are nursing care plans redundant?.  International Journal of Nursing Practice ,  6 (5), 276-280.
• Stonehouse, D. (2017). Understanding the nursing process .  British Journal of Healthcare Assistants ,  11 (8), 388-391.
• Yildirim, B., & Ozkahraman, S. (2011). Critical thinking in nursing process and education .  International journal of humanities and social science ,  1 (13), 257-262.

66 thoughts on “Nursing Care Plans (NCP) Ultimate Guide and List”

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Hi Paul, on your browser go to File > Print > Save as PDF. Hope that helps and thanks for visiting Nurseslabs!

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Hi Abbas, Thank you so much! Really glad to hear you found the nursing care plans guide useful. If there’s a specific area or topic you’re keen on exploring more, or if you have any suggestions for improvement, feel free to share. Always aiming to make our resources as helpful as possible!

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What is ncp for acute pain

For everything you need to know about managing acute pain, including a detailed nursing care plan (NCP), definitely check out our acute pain nursing care plan guide . It’s packed with insights on assessment, interventions, and patient education to effectively manage and alleviate acute pain.

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These college majors give Utah students the most (and least) returns over their career

College graduates in utah generally make more than their peers without degrees, but that varies based on their major of choice..

(Francisco Kjolseth | The Salt Lake Tribune) The Warnock Engineering building on the University of Utah campus is pictured on Monday, April 22, 2024. An engineering degree can lead to a higher-paying career in Utah, according to state data.

Amber McMullin has a degree in mechanical engineering and works in a Utah medical equipment company. Grey McLean, with a master’s degree in library science, is an associate librarian at a branch of the Salt Lake City Library.

According to data from the Utah Department of Workforce Services, analyzed by The Salt Lake Tribune, they — like most Utahns — generally make more than their peers who don’t have college degrees. But how much they get paid varies, based on their major of choice.

In one career field, those with college degrees even make less than their counterparts who didn’t finish college.

The average median salary for engineers, like McMullin, is just over $90,000 a year, according to the data — while those working, like McLean, in the education, training and library fields have an average median salary of less than $53,000 a year.

Engineers are among the highest-paid job sectors — management is on top — while librarians are in one of the lower-paid job sectors, with personal services ranking at the bottom in The Tribune’s analysis, which looked at data on 656 occupations across 22 broad industry sectors, including art and design, construction and extraction and management.

The difference can add up over time. The average return on investment for Utahns who graduated from any of six major universities also varies widely, from about $545,000 to more than $1.9 million over 20 years.

The Tribune also found that, on average, it’s more beneficial to get a non-degree certificate or start working right out of high school in some fields but not necessarily in every job within those sectors.

Best returns

Management — including managerial positions and serving as a legislator — has the best starting and median salary. Utahns without experience can expect to start at about $62,700, and the average median annual salary for management is about $98,100.

Rounding out the top five sectors are:

Computer and mathematics with an average starting salary of $59,471 and an average median salary of $90,542.

Architecture and engineering with an average starting salary of $61,666 and an average median salary of $90,090.

Sales and sales-related jobs with an average starting salary of $47,209 and an average median salary of $77,480.

Life, physical and social sciences with an average starting salary of $52,300 and an average median salary of $75,549.

The story continues below the graph.

McMullin, who works in research and development on X-ray tubes, needed her degree in mechanical engineering to get her job.

That’s slowly changing, she said, but her education still gives her an edge.

“If you’ve been a technician for several years, you can get promoted to engineer,” McMullin said. “I have the certificate, so I’m making significantly more money.”

McMullin started out making about $7,000 more than the average starting salary after doing an internship at her current company.

Less than five years into her career, she’s making about $10,000 more than the median salary for mechanical engineers in Utah of $88,004. She credits her problem-solving skills and critical thinking from her education at Brigham Young University for that difference.

Worst returns

On the other side of the spectrum, a career in personal services pays college graduates the least.

The only career listed as being typical for people with a bachelor’s degree is recreation work, which has a starting salary of $19,718 and a median salary of $28,870.

Other careers in the sector pay better, though it’s still the second-lowest with an average median salary of $30,854 — just barely more than food preparation and serving.

Rounding out the bottom five job sectors for college graduates are:

Farming, fishing and forestry with an average starting salary of $32,094 and an average median salary of $42,931.

Community and social services with an average starting salary of $34,833 and an average median salary of $46,027.

Office and administrative support with an average starting salary of $34,320 and an average median salary of $46,322.

Education, training and library with an average starting salary of $38,105 and an average median salary of $52,323.

McLean has a bachelor’s degree in math, but works in the Salt Lake City Public Library system as an associate librarian at the Marmalade Branch.

They worked in a research lab for a couple of years before deciding they wanted to do something where they interacted with people more. They also wanted to make a difference, while still working with information and data.

McLean got a master’s degree in library science because they wanted the freedom to move around. They said a lot of systems are moving away from requiring a master’s, but many still expect applicants to have one.

How that translates to return on investment

If someone were to make the median salary for 20 years, that would mean making:

$577,408 working in personal care and service.

$858,624 working in farming, fishing and forestry.

$920,539 working in community and social services.

$926,432 working in office and administrative support.

$1,046,460 working in education, training and libraries.

$1,059,552 working in the legal field.

$1,067,770 working in health care and other technical fields.

$1,142,412 working in art and design.

$1,251,444 working in business and financial operations.

$1,510,985 working in life, physical and social sciences.

$1,549,600 working in sales and sales-related jobs.

$1,801,800 working in architecture and engineering.

$1,810,848 working in computer and mathematics.

$1,962,883 working in management.

The average in-state investment during four years at Utah’s six public universities — Southern Utah University, University of Utah, Utah State University, Utah Tech University, Utah Valley University and Weber State University — is about $32,400.

That’s according to an analysis — by students at the Analytics Solutions Center at Utah State University — that included tuition, fees and books and supplies, but did not include the cost of living on or off campus, which could be as much as $15,000 a year.

Out-of-state tuition and books for four years are about $88,450 on average across the six universities, based on the data the ASC students provided.

That means Utahns can make between 1,782% and 6,059% of in-state tuition costs over 20 years, and between 653% and 2,219% of out-of-state tuition costs.

Making 1,000% of something is the same as making 10 times as much. For example, the $1.8 million someone could make during 20 years at the median salary is 55.9 times the in-state tuition investment for a return of 5,590%.

Returns are likely much greater because The Tribune’s formula doesn’t account for raises or the advantage students may get from graduating from one university compared to another.

When it could be better to skip a four-year degree

Utahns working in a few industries either don’t need a bachelor’s degree or could make more in careers where people typically don’t get a four-year degree.

For example, there are 22 occupations categorized as personal care and service, and only one (recreation workers) is typically filled by people with bachelor’s degrees.

Others are still on the low end of starting and median salaries, but range from a median salary of $19,760 for entertainment attendants and related jobs to almost $50,000 for fitness instructors. Most Utahns do both jobs with a high school diploma or equivalent, according to the state’s database.

Some people in business and financial operations also can make more without a bachelor’s degree. Utahns working as insurance appraisers for automotive damage, for example, make a median of more than $71,000 a year but typically have a non-degree certificate.

An associate’s degree can also be lucrative in the health care field — like magnetic resonance imaging technologists, who make a median annual wage of $78,000.

That’s higher than the average median wage for Utahns in seven health-related fields, including athletic trainers and dietitians, where people typically have a bachelor’s degree.

Megan Banta is The Salt Lake Tribune’s data enterprise reporter, a philanthropically supported position . The Tribune retains control over all editorial decisions.

Donate to the newsroom now. The Salt Lake Tribune, Inc. is a 501(c)(3) public charity and contributions are tax deductible

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Local elections live: 'Devastated' Tory candidate Andy Street refuses to blame Rishi Sunak after shock West Midlands defeat

Labour pulls off a stunning victory in the West Midlands mayoral election, with Tory incumbent Andy Street losing by just 1,508 votes.

Sunday 5 May 2024 00:22, UK

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• Labour wins West Midlands mayoral election
• 'Devastated' Street refuses to blame Sunak for loss
• Tory MP says 'awful' results should be 'massive wake-up call' in WhatsApps leaked to Sky News
• Khan heckled by losing candidate as he's declared winner of London mayoral election
• Darren McCaffrey:  London loss asks bigger questions of the Conservatives
• Andy Burnham re-elected as Greater Manchester mayor
• Lib Dems win more council seats than Tories in England
• Sam Coates:  Tory MPs sad but not mutinous
• Vote 2024:   Council results in full  |  Mayoral results in full
• Live reporting by Charlotte Chelsom-Pill and (earlier)  Ben Bloch

Thanks for joining us for another extremely busy day of local election news. You can join us tomorrow morning for a special election episode of Sunday Morning with Trevor Phillips.

Until then, here are today's headlines:

• Tory incumbent Andy Street has suffered a shock loss to Labour in the West Midlands mayoral race in a major blow to the prime minister;
• Labour leader Sir Keir Starmer has heralded the win as a "significant piece of political history";
• Sadiq Khan has won a historic third term as London mayor;
• Andy Burnham was re-elected as Greater Manchester mayor for a third term with more than 60% of the vote;
• Labour also won mayoral races in West Yorkshire, South Yorkshire, Liverpool City Region and Salford ;
• The results mean Labour has won all but one of the mayoral races they were contesting, losing Tees Valley to the Tory incumbent;
• The Conservatives have lost 473 seats and control of 12 councils;
• Labour has gained eight councils and 185 seats;
• The results mean the  Liberal Democrats  have won more council seats than the Conservatives;
• The  Green Party  has netted an extra 74 seats, making serious gains in places like Bristol.

Richard Parker has pulled off a surprise victory in the West Midlands mayoral election.

The Labour candidate unseated Andy Street, winning by just 1,508 votes, to end the Tory's seven-year term.

Here's what you need to know about the relatively unknown politician.

Originally from Bristol, Mr Parker's father was a dock worker and his mother a school secretary.

He left school aged 16 and went straight to work at a local port authority before getting an economics degree.

Mr Parker went to work for PwC in 1989, where he gained his accountancy qualifications and went on to become a partner, managing the accountancy firm's relationship with the Labour Party.

Mr Parker also worked with council leaders to set up the West Midlands Combined Authority in 2016 before leaving to set up his own company RP Strategy.

Read more here:

By Andy Hayes, news reporter

Tory incumbent Andy Street has suffered a shock defeat to Labour in the West Midlands mayoral election after a partial recount was ordered.

Labour's Richard Parker beat Mr Street by just 1,508 votes - 0.25% - to deliver a major blow to Rishi Sunak in the key electoral battleground after a hammering in the local elections.

With the race neck-and-neck, in the end it came down to the results in one borough - Labour-supporting Sandwell.

"This is the most important thing I will ever do," Mr Parker said in his acceptance speech.

"I promise you that I will deliver jobs," he added.

He told Sky News he would take buses "back into public control" and deliver the "largest programme of social housing we've had in this region for more than 40 years".

And he thanked his predecessor, who he said had "led this region through a number of great challenges and you deserve great credit for that".

Labour's win in the West Midlands has left Rishi Sunak with "just one man standing", Sky's  political editor Beth Rigby  says. 

The Conservatives have now lost all of the mayoral races in this election, with the exception of Tees Valley. 

Beth says one senior Labour figure has told her the West Midlands was the Tory scalp Labour really wanted - and were pulling resources from Tees Valley to make it happen.

"They were really fighting hard to take this Tory jewel from the crown," she says.

The "energy and the euphoria was palpable" within the Labour camp after victory was declared, Beth says .

"They were so wired, excited, euphoric about this win because for them it is huge."

She says you could feel among the Labour activists, and Sir Keir Starmer himself, that they are beginning to feel "they can really do this" in the general election.

Symbolically they can say "we took your crown jewel in the West Midlands and we are coming for those seats".

"It gives Starmer momentum and it will leave the Conservatives hugely deflated," she adds.

Labour's new mayor for the West Midlands Richard Parker tells Sky News he plans to "work really closely with a future Labour government".

"I think that's the best way for us to work together for the wider benefit of this region," he says.

Mr Parker defeated Tory incumbent Andy Street in a major blow to the Conservatives.

Labour's election success is a "vindication of the hard work that we've done to change the Labour Party," Sir Keir Starmer says.

He heralds the "phenomenal result" in the West Midlands, which saw Labour's Richard Parker defeat the Tory incumbent. 

But he says Labour is now stepping up again towards the general election "so that we can serve the working people once again as a new and changed party".

He is asked about the extent to which Labour's stance on the Gaza war has cost the party votes.

"Where we have not been able to persuade people who might otherwise have voted for Labour, it is important to acknowledge that - to say I have heard, I've listened and I am determined to meet the concerns they have and win back their trust and confidence."

"But nothing takes away from the significance of this victory here in the West Midlands," he says.

Labour's Richard Parker is appearing alongside Labour leader Sir Keir Starmer after winning the West Midlands mayoral race. 

"It's time for a fresh start ... we start on Monday," Mr Parker says to a loud applause.

Speaking next, Sir Keir declares: "What a way to end the local elections in 2024". 

"This is a significant piece of political history that we have made here today," he says.

Defeated Conservative mayor Andy Street tells Sky News he would advise against his party drifting to the right, saying his brand of "tolerant conservatism" has come "within an ace of beating the Labour Party".

"The thing everyone should take from Birmingham in the West Midlands tonight is this brand of moderate, inclusive, tolerant conservatism that gets on and delivered has come within an ace of beating the Labour Party in, what they considered to be their backyard," he says. 

"That's the message from here tonight."

Asked if he is worried the Conservative party is drifting to the right and over-emphasising the threat from Reform UK while "ignoring other voters", he said: "I would definitely not advise that drift.

"The psychology here is really very straight forward isn't it: this is the youngest, most diverse, one of the most urban places in Britain and we've done, many would say, extremely well over a consistent period.

"The message is clear: winning from that centre ground is what happens."

Mr Street lost to Labour's Richard Parker in the West Midlands mayoral race by a margin of 1,508 votes.

Defeated Conservative mayor Andy Street tells Sky News he is "hugely disappointed" and "devastated", but "incredibly proud" to lose by a small margin of votes in a region of millions, "given the situation the party finds itself in".

"Given that this has always been a place where some people said you should never have won in the first place, I'm actually very, very proud of what we've done," he says.

"I genuinely believed we were making real progress across the region on so many pieces.

"And for that to be closed off, that is disappointing in the extreme."

But he says "we did not persuade enough people that our record was as good as I believed it was, or that our plans for the future were exciting enough".

Asked if it was the national Conservative Party picture that led to his defeat, he said: "It was my campaign totally".

"I am not going to try to push responsibility anywhere else ... they'll be no sloping shoulders from me".

Defeated Conservative mayor Andy Street has said he is sorry he "couldn't make it the hat-trick" after losing to Labour's Richard Parker in the West Midlands mayoral race. 

In a short speech, Mr Street said it had been his "honour" to serve as mayor for the last seven years, telling his team "you will be back".

He says he hopes he has led with "dignity and integrity" and has "bequeathed to Richard a combined authority and indeed a role to which young aspiring leaders will want to aspire one day".

"In a sense, I can have done no more than that," he said.

Mr Street thanked his fellow candidates, including Mr Parker, for a "very courteous campaign", wishing Mr Parker "all strength and wisdom as he takes on this role".

"Thank you and goodnight," he concluded.

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Geographic coordinates of Elektrostal, Moscow Oblast, Russia

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Coordinates of Elektrostal in decimal degrees

Coordinates of elektrostal in degrees and decimal minutes, utm coordinates of elektrostal, geographic coordinate systems.

WGS 84 coordinate reference system is the latest revision of the World Geodetic System, which is used in mapping and navigation, including GPS satellite navigation system (the Global Positioning System).

Geographic coordinates (latitude and longitude) define a position on the Earth’s surface. Coordinates are angular units. The canonical form of latitude and longitude representation uses degrees (°), minutes (′), and seconds (″). GPS systems widely use coordinates in degrees and decimal minutes, or in decimal degrees.

Latitude varies from −90° to 90°. The latitude of the Equator is 0°; the latitude of the South Pole is −90°; the latitude of the North Pole is 90°. Positive latitude values correspond to the geographic locations north of the Equator (abbrev. N). Negative latitude values correspond to the geographic locations south of the Equator (abbrev. S).

Longitude is counted from the prime meridian ( IERS Reference Meridian for WGS 84) and varies from −180° to 180°. Positive longitude values correspond to the geographic locations east of the prime meridian (abbrev. E). Negative longitude values correspond to the geographic locations west of the prime meridian (abbrev. W).

UTM or Universal Transverse Mercator coordinate system divides the Earth’s surface into 60 longitudinal zones. The coordinates of a location within each zone are defined as a planar coordinate pair related to the intersection of the equator and the zone’s central meridian, and measured in meters.

Elevation above sea level is a measure of a geographic location’s height. We are using the global digital elevation model GTOPO30 .

Elektrostal , Moscow Oblast, Russia

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Elektrostal

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