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Treaty Establishing the European Community (as amended by other Treaties) (European Union) [2006] OJ 321 E/37 (Date signed: 25th March 1957)

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15 Article 13: The Right to Education

From: the international covenant on economic, social and cultural rights: commentary, cases, and materials, ben saul, david kinley, jacqueline mowbray.

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13. CESCR General Comment No. 13 (1999) on the Right to Education (Article 13 of the Covenant)

From the book economic, social, and cultural rights.

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International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (1966)
RIGHT TO EDUCATION
ECONOMIC, SOCIAL AND CULTURAL RIGHTS

Right to Education

Education as a human right means:

The right to education is guaranteed legally for all without any discrimination
States have the obligation to protect, respect and fulfil the right to education
There are ways to hold States accountable for violations or deprivations of the right to education.

Every year, at its June session, the Human Rights Council adopts a Resolution on the Right to Education led by Portugal and sponsored by several states. The resolutions can be found on the United Nations Digital Library . The latest edition, from June 2019, can be found here .

What is the content of the right to education?

The right to education encompasses both entitlements and freedoms, including:

Right to free and compulsory primary education
Right to available and accessible secondary education (including technical and vocational education and training), made progressively free
Right to equal access to higher education on the basis of capacity made progressively free
Right to fundamental education for those who have not received or completed primary education
Right to quality education both in public and private schools
Freedom of parents to choose schools for their children which are in conformity with their religious and moral convictions
Freedom of individuals and bodies to establish and direct education institutions in conformity with minimum standards established by the State Academic freedom of teachers and students.

What guarantees education as a right?

International human rights law guarantees the right to education. The Universal Declaration on Human Rights , adopted in 1948, proclaims in its article 26: "everyone has the right to education".

Since then, the right to education has been widely recognised and developed by a number of international normative instruments elaborated by the United Nations, including the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights , the Convention on the Rights of the Child and the UNESCO Convention against Discrimination in Education .

The universality of the right to education has been reaffirmed in other treaties covering specific groups , such as for women and girls , persons with disabilities , migrants , refugees , indigenous people and those who may face other forms of discrimination , and in other contexts, such as in conflict zones . It has also been incorporated into various regional treaties and enshrined as a right in the vast majority of national constitutions.

International humanitarian law , which regulates the conduct of parties in armed conflicts, also includes provisions on the right to education and education more generally, for example, the protection of students, education staff and educational facilities.

Education is principally protected in international humanitarian law by the Geneva Conventions and its Additional Protocols. The key obligations include:

Protection of civilian persons and objects including schools, teachers and students. This is underpinned by the ‘principle of distinction’, that is, there is a fundamental difference between civilian and military persons and objects, and only military persons and objects may be subject to direct attack. (Hospitals may never be used as military bases but in certain circumstances schools can.) (Articles 48 and 51, Additional Protocol 1; Article 13, Additional Protocol II.)
Protection of orphans and children separated from their families. This includes providing education to all those aged fifteen and below (Article 24, Geneva Convention IV).
During civilian internment, detaining powers shall ensure the education of children and young people either within internment or outside. Also, internees shall be granted the opportunity - through granting all possible facilities - to receive education, continue their studies, and take up new subjects, participate in sports and recreational activities (Article 94, Geneva Convention IV).
The special protection of children, this includes the obligation of parties to the conflict to provide children with the care and aid they require, whether because of their age or for any other reason. This can be construed to include appropriate education (Article 77, Additional Protocol I).
In times of belligerent occupation, occupying powers shall facilitate the working of educational institutions and ensure, where possible, that education is provided by persons of the learner’s own nationality, language and religion (Article 50' Geneva Convention IV).
In civil conflicts, children shall receive an education, including religious and moral education consistent with the religious and moral convictions of their parents or guardians (Article 4, Additional Protocol II).
It is also worth mentioning the International Safe Schools Declaration adopted in 2015, a non legally binding instruments, which includes the Guidelines for Protecting Schools and Universities from Military Use .
International Safe Schools Declaration (2015) which includes the Guidelines for Protecting Schools and Universities from Military Use . There are currently (as of 16 June 2017) 66 endorsements of the Declaration

Furthermore, 161 countries have legal provisions for free primary and secondary school , and 149 countries safeguard the right to education in their constitution . Various aspects of the right to education are protected in at least 42 international and regional instruments, including in seven of the nine core UN human rights treaties. In fact, every State has legally committed to the right to education, and “[a]ll States in the world ratified at least one treaty protecting the right to education” ( Aubry and Dorsi, 2016, p.3 ). Despite this, numerous challenges remain in ensuring the right to education for all. As of 2018, less than 1 in 5 countries legally guaranteed 12 years of free and compulsory education due to formal and institutional barriers, as well as insufficient resources. In addition, the right to education is only a legally enforceable constitutional right in 107 States , or 55 per cent of states that include the right to education in their national constitutions.

Why is the right to education fundamental?

Both individuals and society benefit from the right to education. It is fundamental for human, social and economic development and a key element to achieving lasting peace and sustainable development. It is a powerful tool in developing the full potential of everyone and in promoting individual and collective wellbeing.

It is an empowerment right
It lifts marginalised groups out of poverty
It is an indispensable means of realising other rights
It contributes to the full development of the human personality.

This collection was developed with the support of Kate Moriarty, Senior Advisor, Strategic Engagement & Dialogue at INEE, and Delphine Dorsi, Executive Coordinator at Right to Education.

Right to education handbook

This handbook was developed to guide action on ensuring full compliance with the right to education. The handbook will also be an important reference for those working towards the achievement of SDG4, by offering guidance on how to leverage legal commitment to the right to education as a strategic way to achieve this goal.

Guide to Monitoring the Right to Education

This Right to Education Monitoring Guide (‘ Guide ’) is an easy to use, step-by-step guide to monitoring problems in education, using a human rights-based approach. This Guide aims to demystify and simplify the monitoring process and ensure that the right to education remains the focus of your advocacy efforts.

Human Rights Obligations: Making Education Available, Accessible, Acceptable and Adaptable

These issues are addressed in Primer No. 5; this text is discussing governmental obligations at the domestic level. The right to education is routinely classified as an economic, social and cultural right; these are often deemed to be lacking remedies and are accordingly treated as quasi-rights or not-quite rights.

UN General Assembly Resolution on the Right to Education in Emergency Situations

Urges Member States to implement strategies and policies to ensure and support the realization of the right to education as an integral element of humanitarian assistance and humanitarian response, to the maximum of their available resources

Protecting Education in Insecurity and Armed Conflict: An International Law Handbook

Given the continued attacks on education committed worldwide, and the importance of education, the protection of education in insecurity and armed conflict continues to deserve global attention, including from the legal community. The second edition of the Handbook incorporates all of the relevant developments which have occurred since 2012.

The Safe Schools Declaration: a Framework for Action

This Framework for Action seeks to provide governments with a non-exhaustive list of suggestions, recommendations, and examples that can assist them as they determine the appropriate way to implement the commitments made through endorsement of the Safe Schools Declaration.

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Universal Declaration of Human Rights

The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) is a milestone document in the history of human rights. Drafted by representatives with different legal and cultural backgrounds from all regions of the world, the Declaration was proclaimed by the United Nations General Assembly in Paris on 10 December 1948 ( General Assembly resolution 217 A ) as a common standard of achievements for all peoples and all nations. It sets out, for the first time, fundamental human rights to be universally protected and it has been translated into over 500 languages . The UDHR is widely recognized as having inspired, and paved the way for, the adoption of more than seventy human rights treaties, applied today on a permanent basis at global and regional levels (all containing references to it in their preambles).

Whereas recognition of the inherent dignity and of the equal and inalienable rights of all members of the human family is the foundation of freedom, justice and peace in the world,

Whereas disregard and contempt for human rights have resulted in barbarous acts which have outraged the conscience of mankind, and the advent of a world in which human beings shall enjoy freedom of speech and belief and freedom from fear and want has been proclaimed as the highest aspiration of the common people,

Whereas it is essential, if man is not to be compelled to have recourse, as a last resort, to rebellion against tyranny and oppression, that human rights should be protected by the rule of law,

Whereas it is essential to promote the development of friendly relations between nations,

Whereas the peoples of the United Nations have in the Charter reaffirmed their faith in fundamental human rights, in the dignity and worth of the human person and in the equal rights of men and women and have determined to promote social progress and better standards of life in larger freedom,

Whereas Member States have pledged themselves to achieve, in co-operation with the United Nations, the promotion of universal respect for and observance of human rights and fundamental freedoms,

Whereas a common understanding of these rights and freedoms is of the greatest importance for the full realization of this pledge,

Now, therefore,

The General Assembly,

Proclaims this Universal Declaration of Human Rights as a common standard of achievement for all peoples and all nations, to the end that every individual and every organ of society, keeping this Declaration constantly in mind, shall strive by teaching and education to promote respect for these rights and freedoms and by progressive measures, national and international, to secure their universal and effective recognition and observance, both among the peoples of Member States themselves and among the peoples of territories under their jurisdiction.

All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.

Everyone is entitled to all the rights and freedoms set forth in this Declaration, without distinction of any kind, such as race, colour, sex, language, religion, political or other opinion, national or social origin, property, birth or other status. Furthermore, no distinction shall be made on the basis of the political, jurisdictional or international status of the country or territory to which a person belongs, whether it be independent, trust, non-self-governing or under any other limitation of sovereignty.

Everyone has the right to life, liberty and security of person.

No one shall be held in slavery or servitude; slavery and the slave trade shall be prohibited in all their forms.

No one shall be subjected to torture or to cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment.

Everyone has the right to recognition everywhere as a person before the law.

All are equal before the law and are entitled without any discrimination to equal protection of the law. All are entitled to equal protection against any discrimination in violation of this Declaration and against any incitement to such discrimination.

Everyone has the right to an effective remedy by the competent national tribunals for acts violating the fundamental rights granted him by the constitution or by law.

No one shall be subjected to arbitrary arrest, detention or exile.

Everyone is entitled in full equality to a fair and public hearing by an independent and impartial tribunal, in the determination of his rights and obligations and of any criminal charge against him.

Everyone charged with a penal offence has the right to be presumed innocent until proved guilty according to law in a public trial at which he has had all the guarantees necessary for his defence.
No one shall be held guilty of any penal offence on account of any act or omission which did not constitute a penal offence, under national or international law, at the time when it was committed. Nor shall a heavier penalty be imposed than the one that was applicable at the time the penal offence was committed.

No one shall be subjected to arbitrary interference with his privacy, family, home or correspondence, nor to attacks upon his honour and reputation. Everyone has the right to the protection of the law against such interference or attacks.

Everyone has the right to freedom of movement and residence within the borders of each state.
Everyone has the right to leave any country, including his own, and to return to his country.
Everyone has the right to seek and to enjoy in other countries asylum from persecution.
This right may not be invoked in the case of prosecutions genuinely arising from non-political crimes or from acts contrary to the purposes and principles of the United Nations.
Everyone has the right to a nationality.
No one shall be arbitrarily deprived of his nationality nor denied the right to change his nationality.
Men and women of full age, without any limitation due to race, nationality or religion, have the right to marry and to found a family. They are entitled to equal rights as to marriage, during marriage and at its dissolution.
Marriage shall be entered into only with the free and full consent of the intending spouses.
The family is the natural and fundamental group unit of society and is entitled to protection by society and the State.
Everyone has the right to own property alone as well as in association with others.
No one shall be arbitrarily deprived of his property.

Everyone has the right to freedom of thought, conscience and religion; this right includes freedom to change his religion or belief, and freedom, either alone or in community with others and in public or private, to manifest his religion or belief in teaching, practice, worship and observance.

Everyone has the right to freedom of opinion and expression; this right includes freedom to hold opinions without interference and to seek, receive and impart information and ideas through any media and regardless of frontiers.

Everyone has the right to freedom of peaceful assembly and association.
No one may be compelled to belong to an association.
Everyone has the right to take part in the government of his country, directly or through freely chosen representatives.
Everyone has the right of equal access to public service in his country.
The will of the people shall be the basis of the authority of government; this will shall be expressed in periodic and genuine elections which shall be by universal and equal suffrage and shall be held by secret vote or by equivalent free voting procedures.

Everyone, as a member of society, has the right to social security and is entitled to realization, through national effort and international co-operation and in accordance with the organization and resources of each State, of the economic, social and cultural rights indispensable for his dignity and the free development of his personality.

Everyone has the right to work, to free choice of employment, to just and favourable conditions of work and to protection against unemployment.
Everyone, without any discrimination, has the right to equal pay for equal work.
Everyone who works has the right to just and favourable remuneration ensuring for himself and his family an existence worthy of human dignity, and supplemented, if necessary, by other means of social protection.
Everyone has the right to form and to join trade unions for the protection of his interests.

Everyone has the right to rest and leisure, including reasonable limitation of working hours and periodic holidays with pay.

Everyone has the right to a standard of living adequate for the health and well-being of himself and of his family, including food, clothing, housing and medical care and necessary social services, and the right to security in the event of unemployment, sickness, disability, widowhood, old age or other lack of livelihood in circumstances beyond his control.
Motherhood and childhood are entitled to special care and assistance. All children, whether born in or out of wedlock, shall enjoy the same social protection.
Everyone has the right to education. Education shall be free, at least in the elementary and fundamental stages. Elementary education shall be compulsory. Technical and professional education shall be made generally available and higher education shall be equally accessible to all on the basis of merit.
Education shall be directed to the full development of the human personality and to the strengthening of respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms. It shall promote understanding, tolerance and friendship among all nations, racial or religious groups, and shall further the activities of the United Nations for the maintenance of peace.
Parents have a prior right to choose the kind of education that shall be given to their children.
Everyone has the right freely to participate in the cultural life of the community, to enjoy the arts and to share in scientific advancement and its benefits.
Everyone has the right to the protection of the moral and material interests resulting from any scientific, literary or artistic production of which he is the author.

Everyone is entitled to a social and international order in which the rights and freedoms set forth in this Declaration can be fully realized.

Everyone has duties to the community in which alone the free and full development of his personality is possible.
In the exercise of his rights and freedoms, everyone shall be subject only to such limitations as are determined by law solely for the purpose of securing due recognition and respect for the rights and freedoms of others and of meeting the just requirements of morality, public order and the general welfare in a democratic society.
These rights and freedoms may in no case be exercised contrary to the purposes and principles of the United Nations.

Nothing in this Declaration may be interpreted as implying for any State, group or person any right to engage in any activity or to perform any act aimed at the destruction of any of the rights and freedoms set forth herein.

Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR)

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2023: UDHR turns 75

What is the Declaration of Human Rights? Narrated by Morgan Freeman.

UN digital ambassador Elyx animates the UDHR

cards with stick figure illustrating human rights

To mark the 75th anniversary of the UDHR in December 2023, the United Nations has partnered once again with French digital artist YAK (Yacine Ait Kaci) – whose illustrated character Elyx is the first digital ambassador of the United Nations – on an animated version of the 30 Articles of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.

UDHR Illustrated

Cover of the illustrated version of the UDHR.

Read the Illustrated edition of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights

UDHR in 80+ languages

Watch and listen to people around the world reading articles of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights in more than 80 languages.

Women Who Shaped the Declaration

Mrs. Eleanor Roosevelt, seated at right speaking with Mrs. Hansa Mehta who stands next to her.

Women delegates from various countries played a key role in getting women’s rights included in the Declaration. Hansa Mehta of India (standing above Eleanor Roosevelt) is widely credited with changing the phrase "All men are born free and equal" to "All human beings are born free and equal" in Article 1 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.

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Biden’s New Title IX Rules Add Campus Protections for LGBTQ+ Students

T he rights of LGBTQ+ students will be protected by federal law and victims of campus sexual assault will gain new safeguards under rules finalized Friday by the Biden administration.

The new provisions are part of a revised Title IX regulation issued by the Education Department, fulfilling a campaign pledge by President Joe Biden. He had promised to dismantle rules created by former Education Secretary Betsy DeVos , who added new protections for students accused of sexual misconduct.

Notably absent from Biden’s policy, however, is any mention of transgender athletes.

The administration originally planned to include a new policy forbidding schools from enacting outright bans on transgender athletes, but that provision was put on hold. The delay is widely seen as a political maneuver during an election year in which Republicans have rallied around bans on transgender athletes in girls' sports.

Instead, Biden is officially undoing sexual assault rules put in place by his predecessor and current election-year opponent, former President Donald Trump. The final policy drew praise from victims' advocates, while Republicans said it erodes the rights of accused students.

The new rule makes “crystal clear that everyone can access schools that are safe, welcoming and that respect their rights," Education Secretary Miguel Cardona said.

“No one should face bullying or discrimination just because of who they are, who they love,” Cardona told reporters. “Sadly, this happens all too often.”

Biden's regulation is meant to clarify schools’ obligations under Title IX , the 1972 women’s rights law that outlaws discrimination based on sex in education. It applies to colleges and elementary and high schools that receive federal money. The update is to take effect in August.

Among the biggest changes is new recognition that Title IX protects LGBTQ+ students — a source of deep conflict with Republicans.

The 1972 law doesn’t directly address the issue, but the new rules clarify that Title IX also forbids discrimination based on sexual orientation or gender identity. LGBTQ+ students who face discrimination will be entitled to a response from their school under Title IX, and those failed by their schools can seek recourse from the federal government.

Many Republicans say Congress never intended such protections under Title IX. A federal judge previously blocked Biden administration guidance to the same effect after 20 Republican-led states challenged the policy .

Rep. Virginia Foxx, a Republican from North Carolina and chair of the House Education and the Workforce Committee, said the new regulation threatens decades of advancement for women and girls.

“This final rule dumps kerosene on the already raging fire that is Democrats’ contemptuous culture war that aims to radically redefine sex and gender,” Foxx said in a statement.

The revision was proposed nearly two years ago but has been slowed by a comment period that drew 240,000 responses, a record for the Education Department.

Many of the changes are meant to ensure that schools and colleges respond to complaints of sexual misconduct. In general, the rules widen the type of misconduct that institutions are required to address, and it grants more protections to students who bring accusations.

Chief among the changes is a wider definition of sexual harassment. Schools now must address any unwelcome sex-based conduct that is so “severe or pervasive” that it limits a student's equal access to an education.

Under the DeVos rules, conduct had to be “severe, pervasive and objectively offensive," a higher bar that pushed some types of misconduct outside the purview of Title IX.

Colleges will no longer be required to hold live hearings to allow students to cross-examine one another through representatives — a signature provision from the DeVos rules.

Live hearings are allowed under the Biden rules, but they're optional and carry new limits. Students must be able to participate from hearings remotely, for example, and schools must bar questions that are “unclear or harassing.”

As an alternative to live hearings, college officials can interview students separately, allowing each student to suggest questions and get a recording of the responses.

Those hearings were a major point of contention with victims' advocates, who said it forced sexual assault survivors to face their attackers and discouraged people from reporting assaults. Supporters said it gave accused students a fair process to question their accusers, arguing that universities had become too quick to rule against accused students.

Victims' advocates applauded the changes and urged colleges to implement them quickly.

“After years of pressure from students and survivors of sexual violence, the Biden Administration’s Title IX update will make schools safer and more accessible for young people, many of whom experienced irreparable harm while they fought for protection and support,” said Emma Grasso Levine, a senior manager at the group Know Your IX.

Despite the focus on safeguards for victims, the new rules preserve certain protections for accused students.

All students must have equal access to present evidence and witnesses under the new policy, and all students must have equal access to evidence. All students will be allowed to bring an advisor to campus hearings, and colleges must have an appeals process.

In general, accused students won't be able to be disciplined until after they're found responsible for misconduct, although the regulation allows for “emergency” removals if it's deemed a matter of campus safety.

The latest overhaul continues a back-and-forth political battle as presidential administrations repeatedly rewrite the rules around campus sexual misconduct.

The Foundation for Individual Rights and Expression criticized the changes as a rollback of due process protections for accused students.

“Rather than playing political ping-pong with student rights, the Department of Education should recognize that removing procedural protections for students is the exact opposite of fairness,” FIRE Legal Director Will Creeley said in a statement.

The DeVos rules were themselves an overhaul of an Obama-era policy that was intended to force colleges to take accusations of campus sexual assault more seriously. Now, after years of nearly constant changes, some colleges have been pushing for a political middle ground to end the whiplash. ___

Associated Press writer Annie Ma contributed to this report.

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Key facts about Americans and guns

A customer shops for a handgun at a gun store in Florida.

Guns are deeply ingrained in American society and the nation’s political debates.

The Second Amendment to the United States Constitution guarantees the right to bear arms, and about a third of U.S. adults say they personally own a gun. At the same time, in response to concerns such as rising gun death rates and mass shootings , President Joe Biden has proposed gun policy legislation that would expand on the bipartisan gun safety bill Congress passed last year.

Here are some key findings about Americans’ views of gun ownership, gun policy and other subjects, drawn primarily from a Pew Research Center survey conducted in June 2023 .

Pew Research Center conducted this analysis to summarize key facts about Americans and guns. We used data from recent Center surveys to provide insights into Americans’ views on gun policy and how those views have changed over time, as well as to examine the proportion of adults who own guns and their reasons for doing so.

The analysis draws primarily from a survey of 5,115 U.S. adults conducted from June 5 to June 11, 2023. Everyone who took part in the surveys cited is a member of the Center’s American Trends Panel (ATP), an online survey panel that is recruited through national, random sampling of residential addresses. This way nearly all U.S. adults have a chance of selection. The survey is weighted to be representative of the U.S. adult population by gender, race, ethnicity, partisan affiliation, education and other categories. Read more about the ATP’s methodology .

Here are the questions used for the analysis on gun ownership , the questions used for the analysis on gun policy , and the survey’s methodology .

Additional information about the fall 2022 survey of parents and its methodology can be found at the link in the text of this post.

Measuring gun ownership in the United States comes with unique challenges. Unlike many demographic measures, there is not a definitive data source from the government or elsewhere on how many American adults own guns.

The Pew Research Center survey conducted June 5-11, 2023, on the Center’s American Trends Panel, asks about gun ownership using two separate questions to measure personal and household ownership. About a third of adults (32%) say they own a gun, while another 10% say they do not personally own a gun but someone else in their household does. These shares have changed little from surveys conducted in 2021 and 2017 . In each of those surveys, 30% reported they owned a gun.

These numbers are largely consistent with rates of gun ownership reported by Gallup , but somewhat higher than those reported by NORC’s General Social Survey . Those surveys also find only modest changes in recent years.

The FBI maintains data on background checks on individuals attempting to purchase firearms in the United States. The FBI reported a surge in background checks in 2020 and 2021, during the coronavirus pandemic. The number of federal background checks declined in 2022 and through the first half of this year, according to FBI statistics .

About four-in-ten U.S. adults say they live in a household with a gun, including 32% who say they personally own one, according to an August report based on our June survey. These numbers are virtually unchanged since the last time we asked this question in 2021.

There are differences in gun ownership rates by political affiliation, gender, community type and other factors.

Republicans and Republican-leaning independents are more than twice as likely as Democrats and Democratic leaners to say they personally own a gun (45% vs. 20%).
40% of men say they own a gun, compared with 25% of women.
47% of adults living in rural areas report personally owning a firearm, as do smaller shares of those who live in suburbs (30%) or urban areas (20%).
38% of White Americans own a gun, compared with smaller shares of Black (24%), Hispanic (20%) and Asian (10%) Americans.

A bar chart showing that nearly a third of U.S. adults say they personally own a gun.

Personal protection tops the list of reasons gun owners give for owning a firearm. About three-quarters (72%) of gun owners say that protection is a major reason they own a gun. Considerably smaller shares say that a major reason they own a gun is for hunting (32%), for sport shooting (30%), as part of a gun collection (15%) or for their job (7%).

The reasons behind gun ownership have changed only modestly since our 2017 survey of attitudes toward gun ownership and gun policies. At that time, 67% of gun owners cited protection as a major reason they owned a firearm.

A bar chart showing that nearly three-quarters of U.S. gun owners cite protection as a major reason they own a gun.

Gun owners tend to have much more positive feelings about having a gun in the house than non-owners who live with them. For instance, 71% of gun owners say they enjoy owning a gun – but far fewer non-gun owners in gun-owning households (31%) say they enjoy having one in the home. And while 81% of gun owners say owning a gun makes them feel safer, a narrower majority (57%) of non-owners in gun households say the same about having a firearm at home. Non-owners are also more likely than owners to worry about having a gun in the home (27% vs. 12%, respectively).

Feelings about gun ownership also differ by political affiliation, even among those who personally own firearms. Republican gun owners are more likely than Democratic owners to say owning a gun gives them feelings of safety and enjoyment, while Democratic owners are more likely to say they worry about having a gun in the home.

A chart showing the differences in feelings about guns between gun owners and non-owners in gun households.

Non-gun owners are split on whether they see themselves owning a firearm in the future. About half (52%) of Americans who don’t own a gun say they could never see themselves owning one, while nearly as many (47%) could imagine themselves as gun owners in the future.

Among those who currently do not own a gun:

A bar chart that shows non-gun owners are divided on whether they could see themselves owning a gun in the future.

61% of Republicans and 40% of Democrats who don’t own a gun say they would consider owning one in the future.
56% of Black non-owners say they could see themselves owning a gun one day, compared with smaller shares of White (48%), Hispanic (40%) and Asian (38%) non-owners.

Americans are evenly split over whether gun ownership does more to increase or decrease safety. About half (49%) say it does more to increase safety by allowing law-abiding citizens to protect themselves, but an equal share say gun ownership does more to reduce safety by giving too many people access to firearms and increasing misuse.

A bar chart that shows stark differences in views on whether gun ownership does more to increase or decrease safety in the U.S.

Republicans and Democrats differ on this question: 79% of Republicans say that gun ownership does more to increase safety, while a nearly identical share of Democrats (78%) say that it does more to reduce safety.

Urban and rural Americans also have starkly different views. Among adults who live in urban areas, 64% say gun ownership reduces safety, while 34% say it does more to increase safety. Among those who live in rural areas, 65% say gun ownership increases safety, compared with 33% who say it does more to reduce safety. Those living in the suburbs are about evenly split.

Americans increasingly say that gun violence is a major problem. Six-in-ten U.S. adults say gun violence is a very big problem in the country today, up 9 percentage points from spring 2022. In the survey conducted this June, 23% say gun violence is a moderately big problem, and about two-in-ten say it is either a small problem (13%) or not a problem at all (4%).

Looking ahead, 62% of Americans say they expect the level of gun violence to increase over the next five years. This is double the share who expect it to stay the same (31%). Just 7% expect the level of gun violence to decrease.

A line chart that shows a growing share of Americans say gun violence is a 'very big national problem.

A majority of Americans (61%) say it is too easy to legally obtain a gun in this country. Another 30% say the ease of legally obtaining a gun is about right, and 9% say it is too hard to get a gun. Non-gun owners are nearly twice as likely as gun owners to say it is too easy to legally obtain a gun (73% vs. 38%). Meanwhile, gun owners are more than twice as likely as non-owners to say the ease of obtaining a gun is about right (48% vs. 20%).

Partisan and demographic differences also exist on this question. While 86% of Democrats say it is too easy to obtain a gun legally, 34% of Republicans say the same. Most urban (72%) and suburban (63%) dwellers say it’s too easy to legally obtain a gun. Rural residents are more divided: 47% say it is too easy, 41% say it is about right and 11% say it is too hard.

A bar chart showing that about 6 in 10 Americans say it is too easy to legally obtain a gun in this country.

About six-in-ten U.S. adults (58%) favor stricter gun laws. Another 26% say that U.S. gun laws are about right, and 15% favor less strict gun laws. The percentage who say these laws should be stricter has fluctuated a bit in recent years. In 2021, 53% favored stricter gun laws, and in 2019, 60% said laws should be stricter.

A bar chart that shows women are more likely than men to favor stricter gun laws in the U.S.

About a third (32%) of parents with K-12 students say they are very or extremely worried about a shooting ever happening at their children’s school, according to a fall 2022 Center survey of parents with at least one child younger than 18. A similar share of K-12 parents (31%) say they are not too or not at all worried about a shooting ever happening at their children’s school, while 37% of parents say they are somewhat worried.

Among all parents with children under 18, including those who are not in school, 63% see improving mental health screening and treatment as a very or extremely effective way to prevent school shootings. This is larger than the shares who say the same about having police officers or armed security in schools (49%), banning assault-style weapons (45%), or having metal detectors in schools (41%). Just 24% of parents say allowing teachers and school administrators to carry guns in school would be a very or extremely effective approach, while half say this would be not too or not at all effective.

A pie chart that showing that 19% of K-12 parents are extremely worried about a shooting happening at their children's school.

There is broad partisan agreement on some gun policy proposals, but most are politically divisive, the June 2023 survey found . Majorities of U.S. adults in both partisan coalitions somewhat or strongly favor two policies that would restrict gun access: preventing those with mental illnesses from purchasing guns (88% of Republicans and 89% of Democrats support this) and increasing the minimum age for buying guns to 21 years old (69% of Republicans, 90% of Democrats). Majorities in both parties also oppose allowing people to carry concealed firearms without a permit (60% of Republicans and 91% of Democrats oppose this).

A dot plot showing bipartisan support for preventing people with mental illnesses from purchasing guns, but wide differences on other policies.

Republicans and Democrats differ on several other proposals. While 85% of Democrats favor banning both assault-style weapons and high-capacity ammunition magazines that hold more than 10 rounds, majorities of Republicans oppose these proposals (57% and 54%, respectively).

Most Republicans, on the other hand, support allowing teachers and school officials to carry guns in K-12 schools (74%) and allowing people to carry concealed guns in more places (71%). These proposals are supported by just 27% and 19% of Democrats, respectively.

Gun ownership is linked with views on gun policies. Americans who own guns are less likely than non-owners to favor restrictions on gun ownership, with a notable exception. Nearly identical majorities of gun owners (87%) and non-owners (89%) favor preventing mentally ill people from buying guns.

A dot plot that shows, within each party, gun owners are more likely than non-owners to favor expanded access to guns.

Within both parties, differences between gun owners and non-owners are evident – but they are especially stark among Republicans. For example, majorities of Republicans who do not own guns support banning high-capacity ammunition magazines and assault-style weapons, compared with about three-in-ten Republican gun owners.

Among Democrats, majorities of both gun owners and non-owners favor these two proposals, though support is greater among non-owners.

Note: This is an update of a post originally published on Jan. 5, 2016 .

Partisanship & Issues
Political Issues

Katherine Schaeffer is a research analyst at Pew Research Center

About 1 in 4 U.S. teachers say their school went into a gun-related lockdown in the last school year

Striking findings from 2023, for most u.s. gun owners, protection is the main reason they own a gun, gun violence widely viewed as a major – and growing – national problem, what the data says about gun deaths in the u.s., most popular.

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"Achieving the right to education for all is one of the biggest challenges of our times. The second International Development Goal addresses this challenge: universalizing primary education in all countries by 2015. This is also one of the main objectives set at the World Education Forum (April 2000), where the right to basic education for all was reaffirmed as a fundamental human right.

The fundamental question is how the obligations relating to the right to education undertaken by Member States under international and regional instruments are incorporated into national legal systems? This is all the more important for achieving the Dakar goals, in keeping with the commitments made by Governments for providing education for all, especially free and compulsory quality basic education. But in spite of such legal obligations and political commitments, millions of children still remain deprived of educational opportunities, many of them on account of poverty. They must have access to basic education as of right, in particular to primary education which must be free. Poverty must not be a hindrance and the claim by the poor to such education must be recognized and reinforced."

Biden's new Title IX rules protect LGBTQ students, but trans sports rule still on hold

Demonstrators advocate for transgender rights outside the Ohio Statehouse on Jan. 24, 2024, in Columbus.

The rights of LGBTQ students will be protected by federal law and victims of campus sexual assault will gain new safeguards under rules finalized Friday by the Biden administration.

Notably absent from Biden’s policy, however, is any mention of transgender athletes.

Instead, Biden is officially undoing sexual assault rules put in place by his predecessor and current election-year opponent, former President Donald Trump. The final policy drew praise from victims’ advocates, while Republicans said it erodes the rights of accused students.

The new rule makes “crystal clear that everyone can access schools that are safe, welcoming and that respect their rights,” Education Secretary Miguel Cardona said.

“No one should face bullying or discrimination just because of who they are, who they love,” Cardona told reporters. “Sadly, this happens all too often.”

Biden’s regulation is meant to clarify schools’ obligations under Title IX , the 1972 women’s rights law that outlaws discrimination based on sex in education. It applies to colleges and elementary and high schools that receive federal money. The update is to take effect in August.

Among the biggest changes is new recognition that Title IX protects LGBTQ students — a source of deep conflict with Republicans.

The 1972 law doesn’t directly address the issue, but the new rules clarify that Title IX also forbids discrimination based on sexual orientation or gender identity. LGBTQ students who face discrimination will be entitled to a response from their school under Title IX, and those failed by their schools can seek recourse from the federal government.

Rep. Virginia Foxx, a Republican from North Carolina and chair of the House Education and the Workforce Committee, said the new regulation threatens decades of advancement for women and girls.

“This final rule dumps kerosene on the already raging fire that is Democrats’ contemptuous culture war that aims to radically redefine sex and gender,” Foxx said in a statement.

The revision was proposed nearly two years ago but has been slowed by a comment period that drew 240,000 responses, a record for the Education Department.

Under the DeVos rules, conduct had to be “severe, pervasive and objectively offensive,” a higher bar that pushed some types of misconduct outside the purview of Title IX.

Colleges will no longer be required to hold live hearings to allow students to cross-examine one another through representatives — a signature provision from the DeVos rules.

Live hearings are allowed under the Biden rules, but they’re optional and carry new limits. Students must be able to participate from hearings remotely, for example, and schools must bar questions that are “unclear or harassing.”

As an alternative to live hearings, college officials can interview students separately, allowing each student to suggest questions and get a recording of the responses.

Those hearings were a major point of contention with victims’ advocates, who said it forced sexual assault survivors to face their attackers and discouraged people from reporting assaults. Supporters said it gave accused students a fair process to question their accusers, arguing that universities had become too quick to rule against accused students.

Victims’ advocates applauded the changes and urged colleges to implement them quickly.

Despite the focus on safeguards for victims, the new rules preserve certain protections for accused students.

In general, accused students won’t be able to be disciplined until after they’re found responsible for misconduct, although the regulation allows for “emergency” removals if it’s deemed a matter of campus safety.

The latest overhaul continues a back-and-forth political battle as presidential administrations repeatedly rewrite the rules around campus sexual misconduct.

The Associated Press

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Silver Price Forecast: Top Trends That Will Affect Silver in 2024

April 24, 2024 — 02:48 am EDT

Written by Dean Belder for Investing News Network ->

Silver's tight supply/demand story had analysts optimistic about 2023, but high interest rates and US dollar strength kept the metal in check. A s the year finishes, it looks set to end the period close to where it began.

The start of 2024 isn’t dissimilar. Silver is set to record a large deficit in 2023, but with the US Federal Reserve looking to keep rates higher for longer, the precious metal could continue to face headwinds in the new year.

To find out more about the silver forecast, the Investing News Network (INN) asked experts what they expect moving forward. Read on to find out what they had to say about silver supply, demand and prices in 2024.

What is the silver supply and demand forecast for 2024?

While silver has long been valued as a precious metal, its high reflectivity and very good electrical conductivity have made it indispensable in photovoltaics, as well as electronics and other industrial applications. All told, the Silver Institute expects industrial demand to reach 632 million ounces in 2023 against total demand of 1.14 billion ounces.

The rest of that demand will come from the jewelry and silverware industries, as well as photography and physical investment. With supply set to reach just over 1 billion ounces, a 141 million ounce deficit is anticipated for 2023.

The 2023 silver deficit will be the third in a row, and the Silver Institute doesn't expect relief any time soon, even with new projects in the works. Those include Aya Gold & Silver’s (TSX: AYA ,OTCQX:AYASF) Zgounder mine expansion, which will add about 3 million ounces in 2024 before seeing an increase to 6 million ounces in 2025. Meanwhile, Endeavour Silver (TSX: EDR ,NYSE:EXK) is in the process of building its Terronera mine — although it should be complete by the end of 2024, its annual production of 4 million ounces of silver won’t be available until 2025.

Weighing in on supply, Peter Krauth of Silver Stock Investor told INN he doesn’t see much growth in silver production through 2024 and beyond. “Recent research from Bank of America (NYSE: BAC ) based on guidance from the largest silver producers suggests that mined silver supply peaked in 2016 and will not match that level again anytime soon,” he said.

The Silver Institute's Michael DiRienzo told INN the current silver price isn’t incentivizing greenfield exploration. “Much of the development in exploration is seen in brownfield exploration to increase reserves and extend mine life,” he said.

DiRienzo also noted that a change in mining laws in Mexico could further challenge activities. Mining concession length has been reduced from 50 to 30 years, and concessions can be canceled if no work is completed within two years.

For his part, Krauth said companies like Aya Gold & Silver, Dolly Varden Silver (TSXV: DV ,OTCQX:DOLLF), Summa Silver (TSXV: SSVR ,OTCQX:SSVRF) and Blackrock Silver (TSXV: BRC ,OTCQX:BKRRF) have produced strong exploration results; however, these ounces aren't likely to enter the pipeline soon. “The problem is much of the silver being found will not find its way into production for years and, even then, will only partly offset depleting reserves,” he noted.

Protests , particularly in Latin America , could also impact silver supply. Even though it's slowed, recent unrest in Panama over First Quantum Minerals' (TSX: FM ,OTC Pink:FQVLF) Cobre Panama copper mine highlights just how quickly situations can turn. “It’s difficult to say if this trend will continue as we cannot predict unforeseen disruption. However, this is a risk in silver supply given that just Peru and Chile comprise 18 percent of global silver output,” DiRienzo said.

Krauth shared a similar sentiment. “The largest single event was probably the four month strike at Newmont’s (TSX: NGT ,NYSE:NEM) Penasquito mine in Mexico. Although this is primarily a gold mine, it produces an impressive 30 million ounces of silver per year. That doesn’t sound like much compared to 800 million ounces of silver mine supply, but the market is already in a substantial annual deficit position, so this production loss is material.”

What factors will move the silver market in 2024?

Silver price chart, January 1, 2023, to April 24, 2023.

Of course, there's more to the silver market than supply and demand. As gold's sister metal, silver is affected by many of the same economic and geopolitical factors that move the yellow metal, and interest rates are at the top of the list.

Inflation took off following COVID-19, and the Fed has set a goal of bringing it back down to the 2 percent level. However, given that the latest consumer price index reading came in at 3.1 percent, it's still far from that target. And in a December 13 statement , Chair Jerome Powell indicated he doesn’t think inflation will get there until 2026.

He also noted that while the Fed is halting rate hikes for the time being, further increases haven’t been taken off the table as the central bank takes a wait-and-see approach. “While we believe our policy rate is likely at or near its peak for this tightening cycle, the economy has surprised forecasters in many ways since the pandemic, and ongoing progress toward our 2 percent inflation objective is not assured. We are prepared to tighten policy further if appropriate; we are committed to achieving a stance of monetary policy that is sufficiently restrictive to bring inflation down to 2 percent over time and to keeping policy restrictive until we are confident inflation is on a path to that objective,” he said.

DiRienzo sees pricing for silver largely being determined by institutional behavior, which will be influenced by what the Fed decides to do in 2024. “The Fed has indicated that it will only reduce rates by around 25 (basis points) in 2024, while the market expects the Fed to adopt a far more dovish interest rate policy next year. However, we believe that the Fed will maintain its more hawkish policy throughout next year, and as the market shifts towards the Fed’s stance this will lead to investor liquidations, which in turn will weigh on silver, sending it toward the US$20 level,” he said.

On a more positive position, Krauth sees the conditions being right for silver to rally in 2024. “One of the most significant (events) for me was when we saw almost the entire US Treasury yield curve peak above 5 percent in mid-October," he said. "Since then, we've had the US Dollar Index peak at 107. Both of these have fallen considerably since, I believe on the market’s view that the Fed has stopped hiking rates, with the expectation that rate cuts will come sometime in 2024."

He also made a comparison to the gold market commenting, “As well, since mid-October silver stocks have been outperforming gold stocks — also a bullish sign for the sector. I expect gold to keep making new highs and for silver to continue to rally well into 2024." Krauth thinks silver could move close to the US$30 mark in the second half of the year.

Investor takeaway

Silver has slowly been securing its position as an industrial metal over the last decade, but it hasn’t lost its shine as a counterpart to gold. This has at times pulled the metal in opposite directions, and means that in 2024 silver investors will have to watch supply and demand trends, as well as economic and geopolitical forces.

Don’t forget to follow us @INN_Resource for real-time updates!

Securities Disclosure: I, Dean Belder, hold no direct investment interest in any company mentioned in this article.

Editorial Disclosure: Prismo Metals and Silver North Resources are clients of the Investing News Network. This article is not paid-for content.

The Investing News Network does not guarantee the accuracy or thoroughness of the information reported in the interviews it conducts. The opinions expressed in these interviews do not reflect the opinions of the Investing News Network and do not constitute investment advice. All readers are encouraged to perform their own due diligence.

The views and opinions expressed herein are the views and opinions of the author and do not necessarily reflect those of Nasdaq, Inc.

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'It's just so stressful': HISD teachers' pay will be based on evaluations with new system

HOUSTON, Texas (KTRK) -- When Houston ISD Superintendent Mike Miles took over last year, he said one of his biggest goals was to change how teachers and principals in the district are evaluated and paid.

"I was heartbroken when I left. My classroom was heartbroken," Carly, a former teacher at HISD's Benbrook Elementary, said.

Carly resigned in December.

"By trying to participate under Miles' rules, I felt like I was doing more harm to the students," Carly said.

Like all 11,000 teachers in HISD, Carly was observed by school administrators much more closely than in the past year, which will likely increase.

HISD officials are working on a new system to tie teacher pay to their evaluations by 2025. There will be a curve, so the bottom percent of teachers will not be brought back.

"It's just so stressful. You could lose a job because a teacher comes in and the kids are having a bad day, and you can't even ask what's going on," a current HISD teacher said. "You just got to keep teaching and yet you're being evaluated on this. That's not right."

He asked Eyewitness News not to identify him because he feared being fired.

Hundreds of people protested the superintendent's new evaluation system for principals in March, building up to a dramatic board meeting that ended with Miles reversing his plan at 2 a.m.

The superintendent's first try at a new system for teachers was dropped after the district's teachers union filed a lawsuit.

"When you throw in having zero accountability with an elected board, our kids experience disruption hourly," Carly said.

For more on this story, follow Pooja Lodhia on Facebook , X and Instagram .

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Essay On Right To Education
Know Your Rights| Right to education
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Right to Education

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EU Votes In Favor Of Article 13, Giving Copyright Holders Undue Power Over Internet Platforms
Article-21A Right to Education of age group 6 to 14 @Educationpoint678 #youtubeshorts #sscpoint
Left vs. Right: Education
Ukpsc Exam-शिक्षा का अधिकार।सूचना का अधिकार। Right to information।। right to education ।EO exam 2023
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Article 13

COMMENTS

d) General Comment No. 13: The right to education (article 13) (1999
Article 13, the longest provision in the Covenant, is the most wide-ranging and comprehensive article on the right to education in international human rights law. The Committee has already adopted General Comment 11 on article 14 (plans of action for primary education); General Comment 11 and the present general comment are complementary and ...
Right to education: scope and implementation; General comment 13 on the
The International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR) devotes two articles to the right to education, articles 13 and 14. Article 13, the longest provision in the Covenant, is the most wide-ranging and comprehensive article on the right to education in international human rights law. The Committee has already adopted ...
CESCR General Comment 13: The Right to Education (Article 13)
General Comment 13, adopted by the Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, provides interpretation and clarification of Article 13 of the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights. [ESPAÑOL] [FRANÇAIS] Year of publication: 1999. Author (s):
PDF General Comment No. 13: The Right to Education (Art. 13 of ...
General Comment No. 13: The Right to Education (Art. 13 of the Covenant) Adopted at the Twenty-first Session of the Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights. This is not a UNHCR publication. UNHCR is not responsible for, nor does it necessarily endorse, its content. Any views expressed are solely those of the author or publisher and do ...
About the right to education and human rights
As defined by General Comment No. 13 of the United Nations Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, the body in charge of monitoring the implementation of the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights in the States which are party to it: "Education is both a human right in itself and an indispensable means of realizing other human rights.
International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights
The International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR) was adopted by the UN General Assembly in 1966. Article 13 is the most comprehensive article on the right to education. It recognises the universal right to education without discrimination of any kind and sets forward a framework to achieve the full realisation of this ...
Right to education: commentary on the Convention against ...
The importance of the Convention is also recognized in the work of the United Nations concerning the right to education. Thus, Article 13 on the right to education of the International Covenant on Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights (1976), drafted upon the proposal of UNESCO, is inspired by provisions of the Convention.
The right to education in the 21st century: background paper ...
At this time, there are no international hard law provisions that enforce a duty in States to put into place monitoring mechanisms to assess the implementation of the right to education. However, Article 13(3) of the ICESCR provides for the need to establish minimum education standards in public and private institutions which implies that ...
Oxford Public International Law: 15 Article 13: The Right to Education
Article 13 is the longest in the Covenant and it makes detailed provision concerning a wide range of issues related to education. The Article lays down specific requirements for different levels of education: primary, secondary, higher and fundamental education (Article 13(2)).
Module 16: The Right to Education
For its part, article 13 of the Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities provides that "persons belonging to a national minority have the right to set up and to manage their own private educational and training establishments."21 Article 14 of the same text guarantees minorities the right to learn their own language.
13. CESCR General Comment No. 13 (1999) on the Right to Education
From the book Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights. 13. CESCR General Comment No. 13 (1999) on the Right to Education (Article 13 of the Covenant) was published in Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights on page 345.
Implementation of the International Covenant on Economic, Social and
Implementation of the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights :#General Comment no. 13 (21st session, 1999) : the right to education (article 13 of the Covenant) ... #General Comment no. 13 (21st session, 1999) : the right to education (article 13 of the Covenant) Access English: E_C-12_1999_10-EN - PDF; Español: ...
Right to Education
Since then, the right to education has been widely recognised and developed by a number of international normative instruments elaborated by the United Nations, ... Article 13, Additional Protocol II.) Protection of orphans and children separated from their families. This includes providing education to all those aged fifteen and below (Article ...
Universal Declaration of Human Rights
Article 13. Everyone has the right to freedom of movement and residence within the borders of each state. ... Everyone has the right to education. Education shall be free, at least in the ...
General Comment 13
GENERAL COMMENT 13 (1999) The right to education. (Article 13 of the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights) 1. Education is both a human right in itself and an indispensable means of realising other human rights. As an empowerment right, education is the primary vehicle by which economically and socially marginalised ...
(PDF) The right to education as a fundamental human right
The right to education is a fundamental human right proclaimed by Articles 13 and 14 of the United Nations International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (1966). Ratifying this ...
Emory International Law Review
which specifically provides a human right to education under Article 26. 5. The United States also does not recognize the right to education in its Constitution and federal statutes; rather, U.S. law reserves the power to confer a right to education to the individual states, whic h makes its protection inconsistent among U.S. states and ...
PDF UNESCO Convention against Discrimination in Education (1960 ...
ART I : Provisions relating to the Right to Education in the CADE and Article 13 of the ICESCR: A comparative perspective 1.1. Essential features of Right to Education 1.1.1. The Scope of the Right to Education 1.1.2. State obligations relating to the Right to Education under the CADE and Article 13 of the ICESCR 1.2. Similarities and differences
PDF The Right to Education in the United States and Abroad: A Comparative
states guaranteed a right to education in their state constitutions. Currently, all 50 states do guarantee a right to education. These rights vary along a spectrum of weak to strong, broad to specific, and have been enforced through litigation in a variety of ways. The Right to Education in International Law
13. CESCR General Comment No. 13 (1999) on the Right to Education
DOI: 10.9783/9780812205381.345 Corpus ID: 159589744; 13. CESCR General Comment No. 13 (1999) on the Right to Education (Article 13 of the Covenant) @inproceedings{Leckie200613CG, title={13.
PDF FACT SHEET: U.S. Department of Education's 2024 Title IX Final Rule
On April 19, 2024, the U.S. Department of Education released its final rule to fully effectuate Title IX's promise that no person experiences sex discrimination in federally funded education. Before issuing the proposed regulations, the Department received feedback on its Title IX regulations, as amended in 2020, from a wide variety of ...
Biden's New Title IX Rules Add Campus Protections for LGBTQ+ ...
April 19, 2024 1:16 PM EDT. T he rights of LGBTQ+ students will be protected by federal law and victims of campus sexual assault will gain new safeguards under rules finalized Friday by the Biden ...
Key facts about Americans and guns
About six-in-ten U.S. adults (58%) favor stricter gun laws. Another 26% say that U.S. gun laws are about right, and 15% favor less strict gun laws. The percentage who say these laws should be stricter has fluctuated a bit in recent years. In 2021, 53% favored stricter gun laws, and in 2019, 60% said laws should be stricter.
PDF Economic and Social Council
The right to education (article 13 of the Covenant) 1. Education is both a human right in itself and an indispensable means of realizing other human rights. As an empowerment right, education is the primary vehicle by which economically and socially marginalized adults and children can lift themselves out of poverty
U.S. Department of Education Releases Final Title IX Regulations
The final rule protects against retaliation for students, employees, and others who exercise their Title IX rights. The rule requires schools to communicate their nondiscrimination policies and procedures to all students, employees, and other participants in their education programs so that students and families understand their rights.
The Right to Education: Scope and Implementation; General Comment 13 on
"Achieving the right to education for all is one of the biggest challenges of our times. The second International Development Goal addresses this challenge: universalizing primary education in all countries by 2015. This is also one of the main objectives set at the World Education Forum (April 2000), where the right to basic education for all was reaffirmed as a fundamental human right.
Biden's new Title IX rules protect LGBTQ students, but trans sports
Biden's regulation is meant to clarify schools' obligations under Title IX, the 1972 women's rights law that outlaws discrimination based on sex in education. It applies to colleges and ...
New Title IX regulations expand protections for LGBTQ+ students
Updated: Apr 22, 2024 / 10:44 AM CDT. ( NewsNation) — Revised Title IX regulations recently issued by the U.S. Department of Education expand some protections for LGBTQ+ students and also change the way schools deal with sexual misconduct and discrimination allegations. These changes affect colleges as well as federally-funded elementary and ...
Silver Price Forecast: Top Trends That Will Affect Silver in 2024
Silver's tight supply/demand story had analysts optimistic about 2023, but high interest rates and US dollar strength kept the metal in check. As the year finishes, it looks set to end the period ...
New Houston ISD system will affect teachers' pay based on evaluations
Under Superintendent Miles Miles' leadership, Houston ISD is creating a new teacher evaluation system, prompting concerns across the district.

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