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39 Staircase Ideas for Every Style of Home

Use these staircase ideas to combine your style with the architecture of your home.

Abby Wolner is a freelance writer trained in journalism through Drake University. She is a former food writer and contributor to Better Homes & Gardens.

Helen Norman

Staircases do more than connect levels in your home; their visual presence acts as an architectural statement as well. Staircase design reinforces the look, feel, and style of the rest of your home. The stairs can also set the mood for how you want to feel as you travel to different parts of your home, so it’s important that your staircase design not be an afterthought.

From spiral stairs to sleek wood designs , there are staircase designs for every decorating style . Whether you’re remodeling an existing staircase or building a new one, take inspiration from these beautiful staircase designs below.

Sophisticated Farmhouse Staircase

John Granen

This staircase mixes modern steelwork with wooden newel posts and x-shaped support beams. The combination makes for a sophisticated twist on farmhouse style , which repeats in the subtle planked walls and lantern-style lighting.

Custom Balusters

Robert Peterson

Balusters with cutouts are often seen on porches, and a similar style is also used on fences. Given that this look is often seen outdoors, it adds a homespun and almost rustic feel to this otherwise formal space.

Mixed Architectural Styles

The decorative woodwork on the outer stringer and the walls surrounding this staircase tell us this is an older home, but the railing is a thin, steel, modernist design. If your home is missing balusters or you have a historic railing that’s too expensive to repair, mixing styles like this is a way to make your desired look work.

Contemporary Staircase

David A Land

This contemporary style staircase disappears into its surroundings, which is one option when you have a staircase in the middle of the room. Using neutrals on the staircase and thin steel wire instead of balusters makes the staircase disappear into the room, rather than becoming a focal point.

Staircase with Ironwork

Opt for a decorative iron railing to conjure the feeling of Spanish-style homes . Light colors on the rest of the stairs creates contrast the railing and balusters, allowing them to stand out.

Wallpapered Risers

Edmund Barr

Makeover your staircase and transform the feel of your space by wallpapering the stair risers . This design alternates an organic print with a geometric stripe to repeat the mix of modern and traditional seen elsewhere in the hallway.

Natural Wood Staircase

Adam Albright

You can make simple changes to warm up a modern staircase like this one. Using natural, unstained wood and painting the tops of the newel posts different colors adds personality, warmth and charm.

Modern Farmhouse Staircase

Jared Kuzia

Rustic elements in a toned down finish signify modern farmhouse design. The plank stair treads feature simple square edges, but the light wash makes them feel contemporary. From the woven rug in almost all black to the shiplap paired with vertical guardrails, every rustic element of this staircase has a modern counterpart.

Spiral Staircase Design

Kip Dawkins

Spiral staircases are not only gorgeous, but they’re a clever solution if you’re remodeling a narrow space like this one. The small footprint allows you to get more use out of your floor space.

Grand Entrance

John Bessler

This shapely staircase gently widens as it meets the grand foyer, creating a smooth transition between levels. Decorative molding applied to the walls throughout the foyer blends well with the dramatic look of the staircase.

Period Details

Werner Straube

Would you believe this intricate staircase is part of a new build? A high level of craftsmanship and a commitment to architectural details transform a new-construction home into one that feels timeless. The staircase features iron balusters with decorative medallions and picture molding for a glamorous, time-traveling effect.

Cozy Farmhouse Staircase

This staircase features a chunky stringer and railing and widely spaced balusters for a humble look that’s super charming. Install shiplap to create further depth on white-painted walls.

Modern Staircase Runner

Jonathan Mark Denby

Adding dark gray to a light-wood staircase is an easy way to get a dramatic, modern look. We love the mix of the decorative balusters and carved wood stringer paired with the serious gray paint and herringbone runner.

Unexpected Patterns

Carson Downing

Any pattern you love could be the perfect update to your staircase. Here, an indigo-dyed ikat print is applied to the risers. The vertical alignment of the pattern works with the direction of the stairs, and the indigo color complements the natural wood tones.

Modern Staircase Design

Kim Cornelison

A simple black steel staircase will look cool and timeless no matter the era. For a lower contrast look, opt for a white or metallic finish, which will blend into a white background.

Mixing Old and New

Kritsada Panichgul

A modern staircase contrasts the rustic beam construction of this great room, and the staircase’s minimal visual footprint allows the beams to shine. Using the same white and natural wood finishes everywhere helps styles from two different eras to live in harmony.

Stairs Painted Black

 Brie Williams

A dark paint color on the risers and stringer of this staircase matches the rest of the trim in the foyer. The dark base helps both the wood on the staircase and the art above to stand out against the white-painted walls.

Cottage Staircase

Dana Gallagher

Add height to a petite staircase with a grand striped runner. This white and taupe color scheme matches the coastal cottage feel of the rest of the space.

Modern Wood Stairway

Greg Schiedemann

Wooden slabs used as stair treads often convey a country feel. But these clean-lined risers give off an undeniable contemporary look. The large cuts of wood were attached to a painted metal staircase , which creates a big-city look that leaves the prairie far behind.

Patterned Statement Runner

Amy Mazzenga

Install a bold runner to dress up a simple staircase like this one. Classic plaid speaks to the traditional style of the staircase design while adding a fun dose of personality.

Sculptural Staircase

The most magnificent stairways often look more like works of art, such as this serpentine piece that coils as it rises. Building these stairs combined the skills of various artisans who work with wood, metal, and drywall .

Staircase Design Idea That Conceals

Michael Partenio

This simple staircase includes white-painted beaded-board paneling. The wall covering extends onto a doorway, disguising the basement entrance.

Edward Gohlich

Placing the front stairway to the side of the entry enables guests standing at the front door of this home to see through to the rest of the first level. The staircase railings and treads feature the same dark walnut used as the flooring throughout the home's gathering spaces.

Wood-and-White Stairway

Courtney Apple

The enduring decorating concept of lights and darks strikes an elegant balance with this staircase design idea. The crisp white-painted base pairs expertly with the deep brown wood treads and hand railing. If this combo suits your taste, choose a paint that promises a hard, scuff-free surface and use a durable clear finish over the wood stain.

Stair Runner

William Geddes

A geometric-pattern stair runner boosts both the comfort and style of this staircase. In addition to providing softness and warmth underfoot , the runner also prevents walkers from slipping on the potentially slick wooden treads.

Winding Staircase

Colleen Duffley

This wide front hall has plenty of room for a winding staircase. The stair runner softens the look of the wooden risers, while a dark wood railing draws the eye up and around the shapely curve of the stairs.

Nautical Staircase Design

A staircase that leads to a den or playroom is the perfect opportunity to take some design risks. This nautical staircase leads the way into a cozy, colorful TV room. The blue risers look fresh against the white treads and the variation in color is fun and playful. Add to that a rope railing, and this staircase sets the tone for the fun to be had below.

Wraparound Staircase

Greg Scheidemann

This statement-making staircase wraps around one end of this light-filled home. The staircase's open construction emphasizes the home's open floor plan. Its simple design doesn't draw attention away from the soaring ceilings and plentiful windows. The dark wood risers and railings lend a hint of contrast.

Flowing Staircase

Flowing down like the train of an elegant gown, this staircase creates a dramatic style statement. The dark wood treads and metal balustrade lend contrast to the otherwise all-white foyer.

Natural Staircase

James Yochum

A whimsical woodland railing is a unique staircase design idea. The handrail and balusters look as if they were fresh-cut from the trees outside. The foyer's casual, collected aura is reinforced by eclectic decor throughout the rest of the home.

Staircase with Storage

Some staircases, such as this one, have space for storage underneath. A row of drawers provides convenient stowaway spots for every family member. In addition, a recessed niche next to the drawers offers open storage space for larger items like bags and baskets.

Stairway Landing

A shapely staircase gives this entryway a dramatic look. The white-painted risers and balusters expertly contrast the dark wood treads and hand railing. A bench and a small side table make the landing look more welcoming.

Open Staircase

Jean Allsopp

Thanks to the open and spacious construction of the staircase, the free flow of this space is evident from the moment guests step inside the front door. Like the rest of the home, crisp white covers nearly every surface, which helps the space feel open and airy.

Warm Welcome

Emily Followill

Charcoal gray walls add depth and drama to this entryway. The iron balusters blend expertly with the dark wood handrail and stair treads, while the white-painted risers help lighten up the entrance.

Step Right Up

Patterned ceramic tile on the stair risers hints at this home's sophisticated old-world style. The ornate metal railing adds another layer of pattern and architectural interest to the staircase.

Clever Project

Consider this simple do-it-yourself staircase design idea to save money on a costly stair runner. Painting a faux runner down the center of your stairs will create the same look as a store-bought rug but will cost just a fraction of the price.

Pattern Play

Stacey Branford

A patterned stair runner lends a splash of contemporary appeal to this otherwise traditional-style entryway. Rich wood elements, such as the support column and handrails, help warm up the primarily white-painted space.

Painted Staircase

Adding a rainbow of color to your risers makes a staircase feel playful and cheerful. Here, a pastel palette with subtle variations in color complements the honey-toned stair treads. White walls make the whole space light and airy.

Simple but Classic

Lincoln Barbour

If remodeling or designing a staircase feels overwhelming, look to this timeless design, which features mid-tone wood treads and railings and white paint everywhere else. The simple profile of the balusters doesn’t attract too much attention and allows your eyes to travel to the gorgeous gallery wall leading up the stairs.

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41 Beautiful Staircase Ideas That Make a Major Impression

Turn this forgotten part of your home into your new favorite space.

Adam Hunter

Staircases are often more practical than beautiful: They are an essential part of your home's layout that can sometimes fade into the background of your interior design. But adding thoughtful design elements to your stairway is an easy finishing touch that completes any home aesthetic. From painted risers and two-tone stairs to custom railings and floating treads, the ideas on this list will take your staircase from practical to purposeful.

Mixed Materials

Daniel Frisch Architecture

Daniel Frisch Architecture designed floating stairs in a medium wood tone to contrast with darker flooring, trim, and doors. Glass replaces traditional spindles for a modern look, while the black metal handrails match the framed artwork and pendant light cord cover.

A Pop of Pattern

Gieves Anderson/Apartment 48 Interior Design

Rayman Boozer of Apartment 48 accented the detailed shape of this townhouse banister with Benjamin Moore's Midnight Dream. Colorful Romo wallcoverings, a petite brass sconce, a textured cushion cover, and a bright pink sign reading "Fearless" complete the space.

A Traditional Entry

Julie Anne Burch

This spacious foyer from designer Julie Anne Burch contrasts vintage detailing—a glossy wood handrail, a warm-toned runner, swirling woodwork accents under the treads—with an opulent chandelier, dark-toned furniture, and a vase of fresh flowers.

Orange Appeal

Elizabeth Bolognino

A wraparound staircase designed by Elizabeth Bolognino is accented by a runner with an unexpected stripe of bright orange; a coordinating bench at the bottom of the staircase turns the view from above into a happy surprise.

Intricate Metalwork

On the same staircase designed by Bolognino, slim rectangular balusters alternate with more intricate versions that recreate the shapes of traditional newel posts. An abstract light fixture provides a whimsical accent.

Pattern Play

Nadia Watts Interior Design

This staircase and foyer from Nadia Watts Interior Design combine vintage-inspired rugs, vases, and furniture with modern two-tone risers, a sleek arched doorway, and ironwork railings.

Black and White

Watts also designed this stairway and seating area, where a black-and-white color palette works on the floor, furniture, walls, and railing. The simple color palette keeps the focus on the architectural details, including the stairway's curving path and the scrollwork on the railings.

A Custom Mural

J. Banks Design

A mural in subtle shades of green, blue, and tan decorates this stairwell by J. Banks Design . The detailed metal balusters and wooden railing stand out against the expansive artwork, while the cream-colored steps blend into the landscape.

Floating Stone

A floating staircase made of gray stone steps with a charcoal stringer is a contemporary complement to the antique furniture and traditional styling used throughout the rest of this room.

Justin Miers/Bockus Payne

Bockus Payne used maroon-colored stringers to suspend wooden treads in this modern stairwell. Glass panes with an attached metal railing keep the focus on the colors and materials.

Mendelson Group/Tim Lenz

Aqua-colored latticework covers the walls and ceiling in this entryway by Mendelson Group , providing a colorful background for the piano and wooden handrail. The lattice continues along the wall to the upper floors, ending in a quarter-height wainscoting layout on the landing.

Let the Light In

Morten Smidt/Sarah Jeffreys Architecture and Interiors

Opening the central staircase in this townhouse allowed Sarah Jefferys Architecture + Interiors to add light throughout the open rooms. Glass, white, and natural wood materials don't compete with the bright colors and rich textures in the living spaces.

With a Twist

Bjorg Magnea/PJC Architecture

PJCArchitecture removed the walls that enclosed this spiral staircase and finished it in a rich black with a slim, understated railing. Opening up the shape turned the staircase into a dramatic first impression in the entryway.

Modern Curves

Kelly Hoppen

Designer Kelly Hoppen mimicked the gentle curve of this open staircase with a modern pendant light hanging above the two-story foyer. The modern black railing and light wood steps are mirrored along the second-floor balcony and in the home's exposed beams.

Thoughtful Details

Maggie Griffin

Designer Maggie Griffin made the most of this small entryway with perfectly matched, patterned wallpaper that gives the illusion of a wider space alongside a mixture of patterns and materials: a herringbone floor, iron balusters, and framed artwork inspired by the outdoors. "While compact, the textures and patterns give guests a glimpse of the fun in the rest of the home," she says.

To prevent the staircase and exposed beams from overpowering this space, Burch used fewer spindles than usual, creating a more open feel. The pale blue newel posts and railings add an understated dose of color, allowing the beams and spindles to stand out.

A Bit of Blue

In an entryway, a stairwell covered in floral wallpaper adds visual interest to an otherwise blank space, while crisp white balusters help subdue the pattern. A matching console table, aligned with the treads, and a brass-and-marble lamp anchor the space by  Emma Beryl .

Upward Movement

A narrow foyer feels more expansive when the treads, risers, and spindles on a traditional staircase are painted to match the walls and trim. A bold blue-striped stair runner draws the eye upward, adding height and space to the entryway.

Natural Accents

In a renovated San Francisco home, Kristina Braun of  Braun + Adams uses a natural woven runner (and coordinating catch-all basket) to complement natural wood tones, pretty ceramics, and an asymmetrical arrangement of fresh blooms.

An Ombre Arrangement

Painted balusters are an easy, do-it-yourself way to add color to a white stairwell. Here, Will Taylor of Bright Bazaar used shades of blue and gave the design a dynamic layout by pairing two spindles in the same hue on adjacent treads (instead of on the same level).

Old Meets New

The original staircase, spindles, railing, and newel post in this renovated home in Red Hook, New York, become a major focal point against a royal-and-black floral wallpaper from Birger Kaipiainen and a door painted with Benjamin Moore's Evening Blue.

Iron-Inspired Accents

Curated Nest Interiors, Jacob Snavely Photo

Monochrome wall paneling adds texture to the neutral walls in this staircase, while the contrasting wood handrail and iron balusters stand out against the textured runner and patterned floor.

Vintage Driftwood

A stone cottage in Maine, built in the early 1900s, includes a narrow staircase built against the exposed wall. Square balusters rise to the ceiling, while an original piece of driftwood marks the entry.

A Built-In Nook

Emily Henderson incorporated tall spindles that replace the wall on these basement stairs, allowing more light into the space. A cozy space under the steps and a built-in reading nook above the landing offer plenty of room for curling up with a favorite story.

High-Contrast Color

A high-contrast painted staircase becomes a striking visual accent in a hallway, basement, or foyer. Here, designer  Jana Donohoe  paired a rich golden yellow with deep slate blue.

Curving and Cozy

This gently curving staircase is classic in its natural wood and neutral tones. It provides the perfect framework for the landing, designed by Bria Hammel ; a secluded area for a cushioned bench, plenty of plump pillows, and baskets of blankets. The custom shelving rises against the staircase, allowing the homeowners to make use of every last inch.

Bright and Cheerful

In a fully enclosed stairway, traditional woodwork detailing, carefully curated art, and a colorful runner can create a vibrant atmosphere. A glass door, like the one used here by Sara Raak , allows you to define your home's different levels.

Whimsical Wallpaper

Adding peel-and-stick wallpaper to stair risers is an easy weekend project that can change the whole look of your staircase. Use a colorful vintage floral print, like the one here, or opt for subtle stripes, a tone-on-tone geometric print, or a simple solid.

An All-In-One Railing

Heather Peterson Design, Josh Grubbs Photography

A curved wooden handrail from   Heather Peterson Design slopes down to meet the floor, replacing a traditional newel post, while metal spindles extend out from the wall instead of securing into the stairs.

Wood and Wire

Nash Design Group, Vivian Johnson Photography

An oversized window, light wood tones, and nearly invisible wire railings keep this staircase, designed by Nash Design Group , light and bright. A curated collection of decor items on a small table under the stairs makes the space feel intentional—not fussy.

Anne McDonald Design used carefully cut wooden pieces to create a pretty, unexpected design that replaces slimmer spindles. Walls of windows on two sides of the stairs keep the wide stairwell from looming over the rest of the space.

Striking Design

Verner Architects, Aaron Leitz Photography

The oversized images in this cut-out railing from Verner Architects are dramatic art pieces that turn the floating staircase into a focal point. The space underneath the stairs offers a just-the-right-size spot for a child's table, chair, and pillow.

A wall of square slats provides definition between spaces on the ground floor and a safe way to ascend the stairs. A glass railing on the other side of the staircase allows light to filter throughout the area;   Mark Odom Studio added a conversation area below.

Traditional Arches

Bria Hammel Interiors, Spacecrafting Photography

The double archways preserved in this historic home add symmetry to the entryway. The two-tone staircase coordinates with the white walls and trim and the flooring in the foyer, while a neutral runner allows the architectural details to remain the focus.

A Built-In Railing

A. Naber Design, Charlotte Lea Photography

A. Naber Design skipped a traditional railing and balusters in favor of a gently sloping half-wall that supports a light wood handrail. A narrow landing to the left of the stairs expands the space, while stone flooring and an in-ground tree create a natural transition from outdoors to in.

Textured Glass

Visual contrasts, like dimensional shapes that mimic the look of traditional molding, textured glass, brushed metal with a dark patina, and a gray-and-white patterned runner turn this staircase into a dramatic focal point.

Tiled Risers

Dark woodwork, swirling iron balusters, and a geometric art piece complement the imperfect lines and soft shapes in the ceramic tiles used to accent each stair riser.

A Hidden Workspace

Wooden slats add an organic contrast to the white walls in this small space, while bold geometric wallpaper and a simple leather chair define an out-of-the-way desk.

Kelle Contine Interior Design, Chase Daniel Photography

The single railing on this wooden staircase sits atop a half-wall of glass panels, allowing unobstructed views of the surroundings. Natural woven pendants and stone walls are juxtaposed against colorful artwork and textiles.

Martha's Hamptons Staircase

In Martha's home in East Hampton , original details define the staircase. The home's paneling, built-in bench, and balustrade date to the 1870s, while leaded glass windows and spindled railings let the coastal light into the entire room.

Painted Woodwork

A rich, gray-blue paint color—Benjamin Moore's Deep Space—coordinates the woodwork throughout this Los Feliz home , while an accent wall of graphic paper is complemented by a neutral runner.

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16 Modern Staircase Ideas That Take Your Home to the Next Level

A staircase offers your home excellent utility, but it’s also an opportunity for creativity and innovation in your interior design. Homeowners today are increasingly looking to replace their conventional staircases with modern and stylish alternatives that help them access different levels of their homes and elevate their living spaces’ overall look and functionality. 

 There are plenty of perks to renovating the staircases within your home. Safety, aesthetics, and space optimization are a few reasons individuals are drawn to modern staircase ideas. You should replace old or unsafe staircases, so why not take the opportunity to incorporate a new style, material, or concept that makes your staircase an architectural feature of your home? Changing the staircase design may enhance other interior or exterior design elements. It can even maximize your space by swapping a straight staircase for an L-shaped or spiral staircase. 

Here are some of our favorite staircase design ideas, from sleek and minimalist designs to bold, eye-catching statements. There are plenty of possibilities that can turn your home’s staircase into a functional work of art. Use these staircases as inspiration for safety enhancements, space-saving solutions, or ways to add a touch of modern elegance to your living space. 

1. Switchback Stairs in a New York Townhouse

This minimalist staircase by architect Shane Neufeld is a beautiful blend of form and function. The townhouse in New York, New York, originally featured a stacked stair; however, this switchback design makes it feel bigger and brighter. The staircase is built from white oak treads and a painted steel handrail, allowing natural light to filter between the stairs offering more illumination to the dark area underneath.

2. A Sculptural Spiral Staircase in a Salt Lake City Cabin

This custom spiral wood staircase comes from the mind of architect Fred Babcock. His redesign of this modern log cabin in Salt Lake City, Utah, contributes to the home’s bright interior without blocking any natural light. The stairs’ organic light-toned wood blends beautifully with the cabin’s interior colors, flooring, and stonework. 

3. Artistic Expression on a South Carolina Staircase

Located in an industrial-modern home in Charleston, South Carolina, this unique floating staircase commands attention. Designed by architect Kevan Hoertdoerfer, these stairs are best suited for an adult-only home for safety. Artist Tess Thomas painted the stairs’ colorful wood treads in this home, but you can vet local artists if you want to recreate a similar aesthetic in your home.

4. Aesthetic Stair Paneling in One of the Most Notable Midcentury-Modern Homes in Britain

The stairs of the well-known West Yorkshire home, Farnley Hey, feature a visually appealing textured side panel. Homeowners Harvey and Victoria own the home Peter Womersley designed in 1954. It features living spaces defined by columns, shelving units, and changing levels and textures—elements the staircase captures while maintaining a look of casual sophistication.

5. Geometric Staircase Design in East Hampton

Charles Gwathmey designed the Sedacca House in East Hampton, New York—a home renowned for its sculptural, geometric style. The dramatic sweeping curves of this steel staircase evoke a blend of luxury and practicality in the beach home’s main living area.

6. Virtually Invisible Glass Railings

With a sleek, high-end look, this Viewrail floating stairway with glass railing blends form and function perfectly for those seeking a luxurious touch. The transparency of the glass ensures those using the stairs stay safe without limiting the room’s visual space.

7. A Compact but Airy Staircase in Texas

Architect Lionel Morrison is known around Dallas, Texas, for his modernist designs, like this staircase at the back of one of his homes. The light-color wood and full-length windows make the confined stairwell feel much more spacious. This no-fuss staircase design is the ultimate in utility while maintaining a clean, bright look.

8. An Industrial Outdoor Staircase in Canada

This Halifax, Nova Scotia home has a rooftop patio accessed from the second floor via an exterior staircase wrapping the house. Designed by architect Peter Braithwaite, the Cor-Ten steel offers the home a modern-industrial design that sets it apart from the neighboring single-story cottages.

9. An Unexpected Pop of Color in a London Apartment

In smaller abodes, spiral staircases are a practical way to access the second floor without taking up too much space. This studio apartment designed by Douglas Stephen & Partners was built in 1965 and has undergone an upgrade in recent years. With a compact, playful look, the bright yellow underside of this spiral staircase brings a bit of fun into a split-level in London, England.

10. Floating Iron Stairs in a Converted Italian Workshop

With a minimal and understated look, this floating staircase and landing design evokes a less-is-more philosophy and architectural style. Architect Carlo Gaspari converted a former knife-making workshop in Abruzzo, Italy, into a sophisticated residential property. The design pays homage to the home’s name—Casa del Ferro (the Iron House)—by using iron within the interior design, such as the staircase. 

11. Dramatic Hues in the Staircase of a London Apartment

Houses with a closed-off stair room, such as this North London flat, can use dramatic colors to create a memorable passageway. Patalab Architects turned a strange transitional space into a striking stairwell by replacing a wall section with open shelving to allow more daylight, painted the stairwell in a blue from Dulux, and painted SLV Plastra wall lights to make this stairwell pop.

12. Stairs for an Open Floor Plan in San Diego

This open steel staircase design helps to preserve the stunning views, letting in plenty of light for a bright, continuous look. This simple aesthetic offsets the textured black-stone wall that bisects the contemporary home designed by Safdie Rabines Architects of San Diego, California.

13. Warm and Clean Lines on the Staircase in this Toronto Home

Drew Mandel Architects renovated this 1924 Toronto, Ontario home, adding a sculptural staircase from the basement to the top floor. With elegant, flowing curves and warm-toned tread, this design complements the home’s modern aesthetic with simple sophistication.

14. Glamorous and Dramatic Stairs in Italy

Found in Seis am Schlern, Italy, this ornate, gothic-style staircase is a showstopper. The black metal tread and railing heighten the home’s drama and elegance. Designed by Italy’s Network of Architecture, the idea behind the detailed staircase design is that the further one ascends, the more it heightens intimacy.

15. Modern Spiral Stairs in a Sydney Family Home

This white-painted timber-and-steel spiral staircase makes a grand statement, evoking a luxurious and sophisticated aesthetic. Conceived by architects Stephanie Little and Anthony Chenchow in Sydney, Australia, the entire home design hinges on arches and curves—illustrated notably in this ribbon-like staircase.

16. Continuous Stairs Connect the Indoors and Outdoors of this Tokyo Home

Known as the Stairway House in Minato, Tokyo, this larger-than-life staircase has earned a reputation. Starting on the property’s forecourt, the oversized ashen staircase continues through the glass facade and into the house. From a design perspective, the stairs establish a connection between the interior and exterior of the home while creating a functional passage between home levels and the outdoors.

Top photo by Ellis Creek Photography

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26 Modern Staircase Ideas to Make Your Space Feel Brand-New

Fantastic Frank

A modern staircase is a generally streamlined affair with simple finishes and minimal ornamentation that sets it apart from the intricate turned and carved wood staircases found in period homes. A modern staircase can be made from any material, from natural wood to glass and metal.  

You can modernize an existing staircase with a new paint job, a colorful stair runner, or a new handrail. Or install a modern staircase that will become a focal point and feature that reflects the aesthetic of a contemporary home with anything from floating steps to transparent glass guardrails for an open feel. 

Check out these modern staircases in a range of styles for inspiration. 

Floating Steps

Sissy + Marley Interior Design / Photo by Marco Ricca Studio

Create a modern feel in a contemporary space with floating steps. Sissy + Marley Interior Design paired chunky black wood stairs with visible wood grain with a glass guardrail in this New York City duplex that turns them into a feature.

Perforated Metal Guardrail

Margaret Wright Interior & Lifestyle Photographer

Perforated metal guardrails will modernize the look of a staircase and can be painted any color to match a range of interior styles. Create a light and airy feel to complement an all-white space with white perforated metal guardrails that will make a prominent open staircase practically disappear.

Staircase Backlighting

Kendall Wilkinson Design

Create a modern feel by backlighting a contemporary staircase to highlight its forms and provide ambient pathfinding light. Kendall Wilkinson Design edged this contemporary staircase with LED lighting that is repeated on the linear fireplace wall.

Staircase Pendant Light

Louis Duncan-He Designs / Heather Dunbar Photography

Anchor a multi-level staircase with a pendant light that straddles floors. Louis Duncan-He Designs hung a contemporary multi-light pendant that glows against the original brick wall and complements the open modern glass-and-wood staircase for an inviting modern feel that turns the staircase into a destination rather than just a pass-through space.

Minimalist Modern Staircase

If building codes allow, take a minimalist approach with a graphic black staircase that is all steps and no guardrails that will become the focal point of a modern space like this apartment living room from Fantastic Frank .

Under-Stairs Mudroom

Maite Granda

Incorporate a mini mudroom into a modern staircase to create a stylish and functional feature. Interior designer Maite Granda carved out an asymmetrical cubby for storage under this modern white wood and glass split-level staircase. An adjacent bench with under-seat storage is a convenient place to slip shoes on and off.

Tension Wire Guardrail

Michelle Berwick Design

Lighten up a lower level staircase that protrudes into your living space with a tension wire guardrail that will help maintain a transparent feel. Michelle Berwick Design skipped the risers on this natural wood staircase for an open, modern feel.

Chunky Black Risers

Chunky risers will lend a modern feel to your staircase. Sissy + Marley Interior Design mixed thick black painted steps that match the dark painted hardwood flooring with a slim handrail and a glass guardrail for a contemporary look.

Custom Staircase Feature

Brophy Interiors

Utilize the space beneath a modern staircase to add a special feature. Brophy Interiors carved out space for custom wine storage , backlighting the storage space to turn it into a focal point.

Freestanding Staircase

Skip the risers to create an open feel. This modern loft space from Fantastic Frank has a freestanding staircase sans risers that looks like a stepladder, with an all-white paint job that gives the wooden structure a modern Scandi-style feel.

Mixed Materials Staircase

Complement the white walls of a modern home with a mixed material staircase that will stand out while retaining a neutral feel. In this Florida home, interior designer Maite Granda chose a natural wood staircase with no risers, glass guardrails, and steel handrails.

Mixed Wood Staircase

Choose natural wood tones for a modern Scandi-style feel. Chunky natural wood steps and pale wood dowels that function as balusters add a modern organic feel to this floating staircase from Fantastic Frank .

Modern Stair Runner

Add warmth to an all-white staircase with a modern stair runner . Interior designer Maite Granda chose a bright yellow runner edged with navy blue in this coastal Florida home.

Open Modern Staircase

Add an industrial feel with a modern floating staircase that has visible hardware. Brophy Interiors paired grayish brown stained steps with black hardware, a matching guardrail, and white painted brick walls for a modern feel, turning the space beneath the staircase into a raised platform for a collection of plants.

Modern Loft Staircase

Add style to a modern loft bedroom with an all-black staircase leading to the upper level. This staircase from Fantastic Frank has a light feel thanks to tension wire guardrails, adding graphic definition to the open space.

Wood Slat Guardrail

Give your modern staircase an open feel with a wood-slat guardrail. Interior designer Maite Granda painted the slats white to help them blend into the walls.

Wood and Metal Staircase

Mix natural wood risers and a black steel structure to create a graphic look, like this Scandi-style space from Fantastic Frank that features contrasting white painted floorboards and walls.

Colorful Painted Staircase

It's your house and you can paint it any way you want to. Give a nondescript staircase a fresh and modern feel with a colorful makeover, like this orange-and-pink horizontal-striped staircase from Fantastic Frank that stands out against white walls for a memorable effect.

Sleek White Oak Staircase

Use pale white oak on treads and risers to create a neutral modern feel in a white-walled multi-level space like this one from Fantastic Frank .

Gently Curved Staircase

Create a sense of grandeur in a modern home with a gently curving staircase. Brophy Interiors mixed dark and light finishes for a graphic look

All-Black Staircase

Create a modern feel with an all-black staircase. Louis Duncan-He Designs played with transparency with black painted steps, no risers, and a curved perforated metal guardrail in this contemporary space.

Modern Basement Stairs

Louis Duncan-He Designs / Eymeric Wilding Photography

Modernize the staircase leading to a finished basement with light wood and black metal guard rails and a neutral carpet on stairs and floors, like this space from Louis Duncan-He Designs .

Modern Rustic Staircase

Emily Henderson Design / Photo by Sara Ligorria-Tramp

Create a modern rustic look with wood steps and handrails and thin black metal balusters, like this mountain house staircase from Emily Henderson Design .

Glass Staircase Guardrail

A minimalist staircase will complement a modern interior. In this steamlined space from Fantastic Frank , cement-effect tile floors and matching steps create flow in the airy entryway. A glass panel railing disappears for a contemporary feel that doesn't block light.

Open and Airy Staircase

Kate Marker Interiors

Install an open, airy staircase with wood treads and a metal frame to complement a new build interior or modernize an older home renovation like this space from Kate Marker Interiors .

Solid Wood Staircase

Studio Peake

Modernize the staircase in an older home with light wood finishes. Studio Peake paired streamlined oak stairs with yellow wall paint to brighten up this London staircase. A glass guardrail adds a modern touch.

Give your staircase a budget-friendly refresh by painting the treads. Use removable wallpaper to add color or pattern to risers. Swap out the handrail to update the look of your staircase for less.

There are many ways to redo a staircase, from cosmetic makeovers to total rebuilds. A simple refresh might include repainting treads or installing a new handrail or stair railing . Rebuilding or moving an existing staircase from scratch includes demo work and a professional contractor to safely install a custom staircase.

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Staircase: The Latest Architecture and News

Beautiful, functional, and romantic: spiral staircases in paris.

Whether rising to the highest room of the tallest tower in a Disney -esque castle , giving an admirer the chance to confess their love on an apartment building fire escape , or connecting a basement or attic room with a decorative period feature, there’s something unavoidably romantic about spiral staircases . But there’s more function behind these coiling forms than just their good looks.

One common-held theory is that spiral staircases were first installed in historic castles as vertical baffles , tiring out enemy infiltrators before they could make it to the top. This is why – it is said – many are set to turn clockwise on the ascent, so attackers have a smaller arc for swinging weapons (mostly held in right hands) than defenders making their descent.

• Read more »

Heatherwick Studio's Vessel to Reopen with Enhanced Safety Measures in New York

In January 2021, “The Vessel,” designed by Heatherwick Studio, was temporarily closed to visitors after many suicide incidents in the Public Landmark . The 150-foot-monumental staircase in Hudson Yards , New York , is now set to reopen this year to the public with revamped safety measures. The beehive-shaped sculpture boasts approximately 2,500 steps and 80 landmarks and is on track to install “floor-to-ceiling mesh” on various staircases to safeguard visitors.

Coldefy and Carlo Ratti Associati Reveal Design of the French Pavilion for Expo Osaka 2025

French architecture studio Coldefy and Italian architecture practice CRA-Carlo Ratti Associati have unveiled ‘Theatrum Naturae’, or ‘Theatre of Nature,’ the project selected as France ’s national pavilion at Expo Osaka 2025 . The proposal welcomes both natural and artificial habitats, aiming to illustrate how design can connect human and non-human worlds while showcasing France’s contribution to culture and the natural environment. In the exhibition, the visitors will be invited to explore France’s multiple ecosystems and rediscover a connection to nature.

Understanding Urbanism: Harmony, Justice, and Poetry in Cities

Cities are vibrant systems that hold meaning and move with the rhythm of the human life that powers it. In the fabric of urban landscapes, architects and urban designers collaborate to create spatial harmonies that extend beyond aesthetics and towards social justice and poetic expression. Citizens engage, becoming active participants in the ongoing narrative of the city - the metropolitan melody. 

In 2023, ArchDaily wrote about the poetics of urbanism, exploring a future where cities meet its people’s social and emotional needs: 

Gaining Perspective: 15 Projects that Explore Interior Glass Use

Despite the initially slow and arduous process of molding glass into shape, mankind has used the material for thousands of years . According to archaeological evidence, the first human-made glass tools and jewelry were found in Eastern Mesopotamia and Egypt around 3500BC — and after the invention of the blowpipe in Syria in the 1st century BC and the Western Industrial Revolution made mass production easier, the material's signature traits of transparency and durability could finally be applied on a large scale in architecture and design.

Fast forward to the present day, and the use of glass for building facades and windows is well documented. But what about once we move inside? By treating glass for different levels of transparency, cleverly positioning it within a room, or employing its reflective surface to their advantage, interiors can benefit just as much from the material as exteriors.

How to Take Advantage of Stairs for Different Uses?

Vertical circulation may be just one of the functions of a ladder. Always occupying a reasonable area, this element can serve to bring some other uses when it is thought of in a more integrated way with the entire room, providing living spaces, storage and also a greater aesthetic appeal. That is why we have gathered some ideas on how to occupy the areas around a staircase in different projects: from home to industrial scale.

Architecture and Color: Explore 15 Projects that Feature Exterior Red Staircases

Stairs are often an inevitable part of a building's DNA. Nowadays, staircases not only serve the function of practicality but are also a showcase of their own kind, especially if paired with a color that is guaranteed to grab attention. Among warm colors, red is considered to be the most powerful one. On one hand, it evokes feelings of joy and energy, and on the other, feelings of alertness and danger. Red can stimulate a whole range of emotions. Therefore, its usage should be attentive, delicate, and thought out.

Concrete, Wood, Steel and Glass: How to Choose the Material of a Staircase?

Most of us use stairways every day, but few times do we stop to contemplate their design or put much thought into their function. With their steps, treads and railing, they are easily one of the most fundamental architectural elements in any home. Apart from providing a safe, simple and easy access from one floor to another, it is through staircases that architects create unique spatial forms and strong visuals. From afar, one can observe people moving up and down repeatedly; from within, the user is treated to new angles and ways to perceive a space. Therefore, good staircases are more than just means of vertical circulation. Through their might and scale, they can become the protagonist of a space – a design focal point that rises to the level of art. In this article, we present their versatile characteristics and material qualities through a selection of inspiring examples, all of which can be found in Architonic's 'Staircases' section .

The History of the Penrose Stair and its Influence on Design

Stairs in architecture are oftentimes a design focal point- the heavyhandedness in creating something that moves us from one level to the next, up and down repeatedly, something so simple and familiar with a twist is what makes the experience of traversing a stair so unique. Our obsession with stairs and the level of illusion that they create in architecture perhaps stems from the way that they’re able to twist the optics and perceptions of space. We understand that they transport us in one direction or another, but can stairs ever be circular? Is it possible to go up and down for eternity? 

Mix and Step: Looking at Some Multi-Materials Staircases

Whether to mark a change of direction, to highlight its first steps or its own presence in a room, stairs that combine two or more materials tend to draw attention by establishing dialogs between particular characteristics of each material. Concrete, steel and wood are some of the most common choices to compose the structure of stairs due to their high strength and versatility. But, when combined, these different materials expand their individual possibilities and reveal how the design can be tailored to their peculiarities and connections.

The combination of textures, colors, and finishes among materials can provide a number of creative solutions for these elements used for vertical circulation, as shown in LÂM’s Home , by AD+studio and House 9A , by 23o5Studio , characterized by stairs with a sturdy and rough base that meets a light and sleek structure of steps. The opposite composition order, a lighter base that meets a robust set of steps, thrives ingeniously in Luis Carbonell 's Casa Chulavista and messina | rivas ' Angatuba House , where the light wooden stairs' base is followed by raw concrete steps.

Staircases to Heaven: Ten Ways to Rise Up

Staircases can seem like an unalterable part of a building’s DNA. Whether part of a new build or a refurbishment, it can be difficult to imagine changing the angle, direction, or even the placement of the stairs, so choosing the right type can be key. Here are ten different ways to unlock that dream interior.

Explore the Changes of Time and Space in the 1980s Through the Memories of Chinese Young Architects

Sigmund Freud , the author of “ The Interpretation of Dreams ” and the founder of Psychoanalysis, once argued that, “ A strong experience in the present awakens in the creative writer a memory of an earlier experience (usually belonging to his childhood) from which there now proceeds a wish which finds its fulfillment in the creative work. ”

Lessons from UN-Habitat: How to Design Spaces For and With the People?

The Un-Habitat or the United Nations agency for human settlements and sustainable urban development, whose primary focus is to deal with the challenges of rapid urbanization, has been developing innovative approaches in the urban design field, centered on the active participation of the community. ArchDaily has teamed up with UN-Habitat to bring you weekly news, article, and interviews that highlight this work, with content straight from the source , developed by our editors.

Discover in this feature the first lesson to learn from UN-Habitat, on how to design with and for the people. In order to create great public spaces, the only secret is listening to the community. Questioning “ how can we design together ”, this article presents cases in Ghana , Brazil , and India , focusing on street, market, and open public spaces implementation projects, where interventions took on participatory approaches and involved local residents from the beginning of the process.

Cabins in Bosques de Mar Azul / Estudio Nómade

• Architects: Estudio Nomade
• Area Area of this architecture project Area:  154 m²
• Year Completion year of this architecture project Year:  2014
• Manufacturers Brands with products used in this architecture project Manufacturers:   AutoDesk , Hormigon pasalto , Trimble Navigation

Casa en la Huerta / WOHA by Antonio Maciá

• Architects: WOHA by Antonio Maciá
• Area Area of this architecture project Area:  229 m²
• Year Completion year of this architecture project Year:  2019
• Manufacturers Brands with products used in this architecture project Manufacturers:   Finsa , Sido Madera

Housing for the Elderly: Examples of Independent and Community Living

Architecture is constantly changing and adapting to new needs, which are linked to social, economic, technological, political, and demographic changes. In this sense, the aging population is one of the most outstanding changes of the 21st century: The increase in life expectancy and the decrease in fertility rates mean that the older population is increasingly numerous. How can architecture help to provide a better quality of life, promote the autonomy, dignity, and well-being of the elderly?

The Last House / Arnau estudi d'arquitectura

• Architects: Arnau estudi d'arquitectura
• Area Area of this architecture project Area:  3272 ft²
• Manufacturers Brands with products used in this architecture project Manufacturers:   Investwood , Acor , Aluminios Barcelona finestres , Finsa , Kahs , +3 Pladur , Roca , Simon -3

Weekend Shelter / Agora Arquitectura

• Architects: Agora Arquitectura
• Area Area of this architecture project Area:  40 m²
• Manufacturers Brands with products used in this architecture project Manufacturers:   AutoDesk , Barnacork , Persiana Barcelona

Case Study: Terraced House by Hufft

Perched high above Table Rock Lake in the Missouri Ozark Mountains, the Terraced House proves there’s more than one way to set up a view. The clients, who live with their young child in Chicago, were looking for some basic requirements of a destination house—compact, sturdy, and low-maintenance. And, of course, a prospect from which to enjoy their spectacular slice of the meandering lake, which spans two states. 

The traditional way architects treat a panorama is to design a long, horizontal building parallel to the view so that every room can enjoy it. In this case, however, the lot inclined rather steeply to the cliff’s edge. And while a rear walk-out scenario with bedrooms at the top of the house and living spaces below would have worked, the owners wanted to feel more grounded. “That led us to explore rotating the orientation to be long and linear perpendicular to the lake,” says Scott Miller, RA, and introducing a series of outdoor terraces on different levels—launch points for the house. The resulting design steps graciously down the hillside in tandem with adjacent terraces on three levels—a living and dining patio, a pool, and a swath of lawn.

In his first sketches Scott studied the idea of a detached garage, but attaching it led to the home’s most eye-catching feature: an elegant carport that frames the view. “It also serves as a covered outdoor space when it rains,” he says. The carport organizes the terraces that spill down the slope behind it. “From there you walk four steps down to the main outdoor lounge with a firepit, which is connected to the dining and kitchen area, then down to the pool, and a few more steps to a large green yard,” Scott says. 

With its fascia clad in Corten steel, the carport’s cantilevering roofline extends to become a porch over the front entry. Inside, “as soon as you walk into the foyer, you see through to the lake,” Scott says. Several steps down in the open plan is the kitchen and dining room, and beyond, the living room with 12-foot-high windows. “It’s one of those jaw-dropping moments of wow, this is a pretty special spot,” he says.

Sectionally, a split through the middle of the house echoes the topography. Outside, this elevational shift is expressed as a glass slot between the boxy second story’s upper and lower volumes. Inside, it takes the form of an open-to-below void between the bunk room in the front of the house and the slightly higher pair of guest rooms facing the lake. “We tried to create zones of privacy—the primary suite is in the basement—but even with that break of the vertical space between the two bedrooms and the bunk room, which is kids’ zone central, they can be loud,” Scott says. “In the opening between them, you step up into the level with the two guest rooms; instead of being in the same hallway, it creates these zones that feel more private.” Cantilevering about 5 feet over the back of the house, the upper volume shades the living room’s western exposure. Downstairs, this volume registers as a higher ceiling in the living room, creating a sense of interior depth and vertical relief. A glazed section of kitchen wall, close to the shift, lets the cooks enjoy the view too. The main bedroom is ensconced on the walk-out ground level, with a private patio facing the view.

The light-filled house has a minimalist interior palette: the vista is the show. “Keeping it simple, durable, and of its place were our main drivers,” Scott says. White oak floors, a local material, are a mixture of rift cut and quartersawn boards. Cabinets are rift cut oak; and the granite countertops resist wear and tear. 

A steel-framed staircase reinforces the home’s clean lines. Premanufactured bent steel forms the base of the stair, with wood treads and risers on top. “Looking up at the slot, we wanted to keep the stair as minimal as we could and just have that profile of steps with a handrail springing from it,” Scott says. “You can see the bent steel plate from behind the stair.”

Cedar siding satisfied the owners’ wish for a warm, rustic exterior. The subject of intense study, according to Scott, the cladding mixes two sizes of cedar boards in an 8-foot repeating pattern to create a unique carved look. “One of the boards is thicker and denser,” Scott says. “The wood has such character and grain that the variation is difficult to pick up on. In the end maybe we overthought it, but we wanted to make sure you couldn’t tell the pattern was replicated.”

All this attention to the skin produced more than just an appealing aesthetic effect. In his workshop, builder Tom Caruso coated the boards with a natural wood preservative mixed with a gray stain to get just the right color. It should last a long time without reapplication. “The product, called Lifetime, looks like seeds that you put in water,” he says. “We used the same process for Bass Pro cabins 10 to 12 years ago and it still looks pretty much the same.”

The Corten steel on the carport fascia was also pre-weathered by a local manufacturer so that rust wouldn’t drip onto the siding. The terrace edges are clad in Corten too, so as you move up through the landscape, “the carport is the final movement where that edge of terrace is lifted up,” Scott says. 

By far, Tom’s greatest challenge came even before the house’s foundation was laid. After the septic system plan was approved, they discovered it needed to be bigger. To create the septic field, footings were dug in the ravine to build a 14-foot retaining wall on the edge of the cliff. “In the end, it’s the best thing that happened because they have a huge, terraced lawn that completes the hangout zone for them,” Scott says. 

Unexpected or considered, the result of all these moves is a house with multiple points of access to the land and unobstructed views of the sparkling lake. Scott’s shaping of both structure and landscape gives the house a light and relaxed presence—exactly what a weekend house should be.

Plans and Drawings

Project Credits

Terraced House

Ridgedale Missouri

Architect: Scott Miller, project architect, Hufft, Kansas City, Missouri

Builder: Tom Caruso, Masterpiece Builders, Branson, Missouri

Landscape Architect: PLAID Collaborative, Kansas City, Missouri

Structural Engineer: Stand-SEI, Overland, Kansas

Project size: 2,954 square feet

Site size: .57 acre

Construction cost: Withheld

Photography: Hufft

Key Products

Cabinetry: Hufft

Cabinetry Hardware: Schoolhouse

Ceiling fans: Big Ass Fans

Countertops: Caesarstone

Decking: Ipe, concrete

Dishwasher: Thermador

Entry Doors: Baldwin

Faucets: Graff, Kohler

Fireplace: Earthcore Industries

Flooring: 1’x 6’ oak

Icemaker: General Electric

Lighting: BEGA, Edge Lighting, USAI, Louis Poulsen

Range: Thermador

Refrigerator/Freezer: Thermador

Sinks: Blanco, Kohler

Tile: Daltile

Toilets: TOTO

Tub: Kaldewei, Kohler

Windows: Marvin

Wine Refrigerator: Thermador

RIDING THE VORTEX Honored With 2022 Whitney M. Young Jr. Award

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10 Innovative staircases used by famous architects

The staircase has always been an integral part of the design, functionally and aesthetically. It is no doubt that Architects all around have been experimenting with staircases. After all, it is the core of the internal circulation. Regardless of lifts and escalators, Architects tend to provide such innovative staircases as it’s not about the destination but the journey of getting there.

1. Vreugdenhil Dairy Foods in Netherlands  by  Maas Architecten  and  EeStairs

Dutch practice Maas Architecten was appointed to design the head office of a Dutch dairy manufacturer, which has been awarded five-star BREEAM-NL outstanding building design certification . In the center of the massive atrium stands a visually striking staircase in a crisp white helical spiral design. The material and high-gloss paint finish to it adds even more drama and durability providing high reflectivity and scratch-resistance. 

2. Freestanding staircase in Itamaraty Palace  in the headquarters of Brazil’s Ministry of External Relations by  Oscar Niemeyer

The Itamaraty Palace is the headquarters of the Ministry of External Relations of Brazil and was designed by the late Oscar Niemeyer. The graceful and freestanding helical staircase is constructed from reinforced concrete. It links the floors and indoor garden designed by the landscape painter Roberto Burle Marx. It is considered to be a masterpiece of contemporary architecture.

3. Floating staircase in the art gallery of Ontario’s Walker court  by  Frank Gehry

Ontario’s Walker court is Gehry’s first building in the city he was born in. The south wing of the building has two cantilevered serpent-like staircases on both sides. Gehry believes they work beautifully on gray days. The staircase features windows on all sides with large skylights and funnel light on the top floor. The whole gallery is unified with a harmonious flow.

4. Sculptural steel staircase in MAXXI Museum of Contemporary Art  in Rome by  Zaha Hadid

The Museum as said by the architect is ‘not an object-container but rather a campus for art’. The sculptural steel staircase flows and connects the overlapping pathways thus giving the whole museum an interactive and dynamic look. The contrast black color of the suspended staircase is designed to embody the ‘chaotic fluidity of modern life’ to the white museum walls.

5. Coiled staircase in London City Hall  by  Norman Foster

Architect Norman Foster, designed an intricate coiled staircase for his design for London’s City Hall in 2002 on the south bank of Thames. The entirety of the structure is accessible by the staircase that runs 500m to the top floor.

6. Dongdaemun Design Plaza by  Zaha Hadid  and  Samoo

DDP is the first public project in Korea to utilize the 3-D BIM in its construction. The whole project is designed to define social interactions and inter-related spatial relationships. The stairs have now become a tourist and Instagram worthy spot for its unique shape and minimal aesthetic beauty.

7. Innovative Space Asia Hub by  WOHA

A 40,000 sq ft Space Asia Hub is the latest addition of Singapore to its design landscape. In the contemporary design of the building, the bridges, stairs, and removed walls connect the ensemble through its dynamic experiences. The contrasting black and white staircase is one of the famous photography spots of the building.

8. Pompidou Centre by  Renzo Piano

The famous Centre Pompidou by Richard Rogers and Renzo Piano, known for its inside-out landmark seeks global attention in the heart of Paris. The six-storey staircase outside provides a clear space inside the museum with no vertical movements on the inside. It runs with a giant diagonal escalator on the facade thus, creating a dynamic ever-changing design. 

9. Casa G by  Francesco Librizzi

Francesco Librizzi designed this staircase which consists of platforms and wood boxes on a metal framework connecting two floors of a Sicilian fisherman’s cottage. The box-like staircase gives a minimal style with its contemporary elements. It is one of the unique modern staircases designed.

10. Ribbon Chapel by  Hiroshi Nakamura

The Japanese wedding chapel is wrapped with two spiral staircases at the exterior facade covering a 15.4m tall structure and meeting at the rooftop lookout point. The cladded in vertical planks of white -painted wood with zinc alloy hand rests to avoid erosion in the middle of grassy hillside gives a calm effect of unity with the views of Seto Inland Sea. The staircase crosses paths at several points and hence provides support. 

Ashmita Gupta is an Architecture student who believes art is the medicine of life. A book sniffer and an indie music addict, she is often driven with curiosity and hence finds her thrill in art and literature.

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8 Different Types of Stairs, Explained

By Lindsey Mather

Seasoned remodelers know the deal: Making one design decision leads to what seems like a million other to-dos. (So you want tile in your kitchen? What color tile? What pattern? How much will you need?) It's certainly true when it comes to your staircase . You might have penciled it onto the blueprints, but that's just the beginning. We're not even talking about the style of the steps or the risers or the banister here. No, the first thing you'll need to think about is the actual shape of the staircase. Read on to see eight popular types of stairs, ranging from no-frills to in-your-face elaborate. Bring your favorites to your architect and contractor to discuss what makes the most sense for your home.

This one is straightforward (literally). Straight stairs feature a single linear flight with no change in direction.

The entry of a Manhattan apartment features a saddle-stitched armchair by Jacques Adnet, circa 1950.

The classic straight style, zhuzhed up a little. In this design, the stairs make a 90-degree turn at some point, going left or right after a landing.

In a New Orleans home, the staircase, softened with a leopard-print runner, is decorated with Richard Avedon and Bill King photographs from Blackglama ads that homeowner and retired ad executive Peter Rogers masterminded.

The slightly more complicated sister to the L-shaped staircase. A set of winders—treads that are wider on one side than the other—takes the place of the landing to save space.

Early-18th-century bird engravings line a wall alongside the rear stair of a New Canaan, Connecticut, home.

If you've ever promised yourself you'd take the stairs every day at your office, you've seen this back-to-basics style. The bend is taken even further to form a full U shape, and similar to the L-shaped staircase, a landing separates the two parallel flights.

In a Manhattan apartment, a wallpaper conceived by Ernest de la Torre and custom-made by de Gournay decorates the three-story stairwell.

A compact design centered around a single pole, so that if you looked at it from above, it would form a perfect circle. Something to consider: A spiral staircase's narrow wedge-shaped treads aren't the easiest to traverse. (Avoid them if you're clumsy.)

A stair extending from the basement to the second floor clings to a lakeside Chile house.

Unlike winder or L-shaped staircases, a curved style has no landings. Instead, the stairs are continuous, following the bend of the banister to make a striking architectural statement.

By Audrey Lee

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• INSPIRATION

The Eames House: A Deep Dive into Case Study House 8

Nestled in the Pacific Palisades neighborhood of Los Angeles stands the Eames House, also known as Case Study House No. 8. It is more than just a work of mid-century modern architecture; it’s an enduring testament to the design sensibilities and philosophies of Charles and Ray Eames, the husband-and-wife team who not only designed it but also called it home. Built in 1949, this iconic structure encapsulates the couple’s holistic approach to design and life.

Eames House Technical Information

• Architects: Ray and Charles Eames
• Location: 203 North Chautauqua Boulevard, Pacific Palisades, Los Angeles , USA
• Topics: Mid-Century Modern
• Area: 1,500 ft 2 |  140  m 2
• Project Year: 1945 – 1949
• Photographs: © Eames Office, See Captions

The role of the designer is that of a very good, thoughtful host anticipating the needs of his guests.  – Charles and Ray Eames 1-2

Eames House Photographs

The Eames House: A Living Laboratory for Design Exploration 

From its initial construction to its life today as a museum, the Eames House offers a rich tapestry of history, ingenuity, and practical elegance. Commissioned by Arts & Architecture magazine for their Case Study House program, this residence has endured as a beacon of what Charles and Ray stood for—efficiency, innovation, and the honest use of materials. As Charles once said, “Just as a good host tries to anticipate the needs of his guest, so a good architect or a designer or a city planner tries to anticipate the needs of those who will live in or use the thing being designed.”

The Eameses purchased 1.4 acres from Arts & Architecture owner John Entenza in 1945, but the journey to the final construction was rife with modifications and resource constraints. Initial designs by Charles Eames and Eero Saarinen , which envisioned a glass and steel box cantilevering dramatically over the property, were shelved. In part, due to material shortages in the post-war era, Charles and Ray turned inward, observing and soaking in the nuances of the site. The eventual design had the house sitting quietly in the land, harmonizing with the natural surroundings rather than imposing on it.

Two distinct boxes make up the residence—one serves as the living quarters and the other as a studio. The house and studio are separated by a concrete retaining wall that integrates seamlessly with the existing landscape. An 8-foot tall by 200-foot long concrete wall helps to anchor the site while also setting a dramatic backdrop for the architecture.

Both structures are predominantly characterized by their steel frame construction, filled with a variety of colored panels. The colored panels aren’t merely decorative; they are functional elements carefully calibrated to provide shifting patterns of light and shade throughout the day. The impact of light, so finely tuned in the design, showcases influences from Japanese architecture.

The Eames House doesn’t just make a statement from the outside; the interiors are equally compelling. The house is a melting pot of the Eameses’ diverse interests and design sensibilities—featuring Isamu Noguchi lamps , Thonet chairs, Native American baskets, and more. The living spaces are meticulously designed to serve multiple functions—a living room that transforms into a workspace, alcoves that turn into intimate conversation spots, and hallways lined with functional storage closets.

Living as Work, Work as Living

One of the most unique aspects of the Eames House is how it serves as a living laboratory for Charles and Ray’s iterative design process. As is evident from their film “Powers of Ten” or the constant evolution of their iconic furniture, the couple believed in refining, adjusting, and perfecting. The house was no different—it was a perpetual project, an embodiment of their philosophy of “life in work and work in life.”

For Charles and Ray, details weren’t just details—they were the product. The panels, steel columns, and even the gold-leaf panel marking the entry door were not afterthoughts but an integral part of the architectural dialogue. The Eames House reflects this in its intricate interplay of textures, colors, and spaces that come together to create a harmonious whole.

The Eames House is notable for its De Stijl influences, seen in the sliding walls and windows that allow for versatility and openness. It stands as a successful adaptation of European modernist principles within an American context.

The Eames House is not just an architectural statement but a comprehensive worldview translated into physical form. From its thoughtful integration with the landscape to its detailed articulations, it represents the legacy of two of the 20 th century’s most influential designers. Charles and Ray

Eames House Plans

Eames House Image Gallery

About Ray and Charles Eames

Charles and Ray Eames were a husband-and-wife design team who became icons of mid-20th-century modern design. Working primarily in the United States, they gained prominence for their contributions across multiple disciplines, including architecture, furniture design, industrial design, film, and exhibitions. Perhaps best known for their innovative furniture pieces, like the Eames Lounge Chair and Molded Plastic Chairs, they also left a lasting impact on architecture, most notably with the Eames House, also known as Case Study House No. 8. Their work is characterized by a playful yet disciplined approach, with a focus on functional design, innovative use of materials, and the importance of user experience.

Notes & Additional Credits

• While the quote is not specifically about the Eames House, it reflects the philosophy the Eameses applied to their design work, including their home. The Eames House is a manifestation of their belief in the “guest-host relationship,” where every design decision is made with the user’s experience in mind.
• Charles & Ray Eames: 1907-1978, 1912-1988: Pioneers of Mid-century Modernism  by Gloria Koenig

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• 10 Modern Staircase Designs 2024 for Indian Homes
• Interior Design Ideas
• Feb 13, 2024

What is Staircase Design?

Staircase design encompasses a broad spectrum of styles tailored to diverse architectural preferences and spatial considerations. Modern staircase design integrates elements like steel, glass and wood, creating visually striking indoor and outdoor structures. For homes with limited space, innovative solutions such as open stairs or spiral staircase designs are employed to maximize functionality without compromising aesthetics. Floating stairs, characterized by a sleek and minimalistic appearance, exemplify contemporary trends. Wooden stairs add warmth, while glass and steel contribute a touch of industrial elegance. Whether designing for small spaces or large houses, the versatility of staircase design allows for creative solutions like round stairs or simple, clean lines. Modern staircase railings further enhance safety and aesthetics, reflecting the evolving tastes in architectural aesthetics. Overall, the field of staircase design combines functionality and artistry to cater to diverse preferences and spatial constraints.

What are the materials used for Staircase Design?

Some of the materials used for staircase designs are as follows: 

Wood is a classic and versatile material, offering warmth and a timeless appeal. It can be shaped into various styles, from traditional to contemporary, and is suitable for both interior and exterior staircases. However, it requires regular maintenance and its durability can be affected by environmental conditions.

According to our interior decorators in Hyderabad , steel provides a modern and industrial look. It is strong, durable, and can be molded into intricate designs. Steel stairs are often used in contemporary and minimalist designs. Without proper treatment, steel can be susceptible to corrosion.

Concrete is durable, fire-resistant and suitable for both indoor and outdoor applications. It can be molded into various shapes and finished in different ways. Nevertheless, concrete is durable, fire-resistant and suitable for both indoor and outdoor applications. It can be molded into various shapes and finished in different ways.

Stone: 

Natural stone, like marble or granite, adds a luxurious and elegant touch to staircases. It is durable and resistant to wear. Stones can be heavy and expensive. Use professional installation due to its weight. 

Glass imparts a sense of openness and modernity. It allows light to pass through, creating a visually spacious environment. Glass stairs are often used in combination with steel or wood for a sleek appearance. It may also require regular cleaning to maintain transparency.

10 Modern Staircase Designs 2024 for your Home

Floating staircase design:.

Floating stairs create a visually striking illusion by seemingly defying gravity. Suspended from the wall or supported by minimalistic structures, they offer an open and airy ambiance, enhancing the sense of space in a modern home. This design often incorporates materials like steel, glass, or wood for a sleek and contemporary look.

Spiral Staircase Design:

A spiral staircase adds an elegant and space-efficient touch to modern homes. Its helical design provides a captivating focal point while saving floor space. Materials such as steel, glass, or wood can be used to achieve a variety of styles, from industrial to minimalist, making it a versatile choice for different design preferences.

Cantilevered Staircase Design:

According to our top interior decorators in Bangalore , cantilevered stairs create a dramatic effect by extending horizontally without visible support underneath. Often crafted from materials like steel or reinforced concrete, they offer a clean and minimalist appearance, emphasizing the architectural prowess while maintaining an open feel in the living space.

Check Out Latest  Decorpot's Home Interior Projects

Glass Balustrade Staircase Design:

Utilizing a glass balustrade in staircase design imparts a sense of transparency and modernity. The clear panels allow light to flow through the space, making it feel more open and connected. Combined with materials like stainless steel or wood, glass balustrade stairs create a sleek and contemporary look.

Wood and Metal Combination Staircase Design:

Combining the warmth of wood with the industrial edge of metal results in a harmonious blend of textures. Wooden treads and handrails soften the aesthetic, while metal elements provide a modern and durable structure. This combination is versatile, fitting various design styles from rustic to urban.

Open Riser Staircase Design:

Open riser stairs feature a gap between each step, contributing to a light and open atmosphere. This design allows for improved air circulation and enhances the visual flow within the home. Open riser stairs can be crafted from materials like steel, wood, or glass, creating a sleek and modern appearance.

Geometric Design Stairs:

Geometric staircase designs feature bold shapes and angles, adding an artistic element to the home. Whether through the use of unconventional railings, unique step shapes, or asymmetric layouts, geometric designs bring a sense of avant-garde sophistication to modern interiors.

Calculate Your Home Interior Cost With  Decorpot Home Interiors Price Calculator

Wooden Spiral Staircase Design:

A fusion of traditional elegance and modern style, wooden spiral stairs offer a warm and timeless aesthetic. The helical structure, crafted entirely from wood or in combination with metal, creates a visually stunning focal point while providing efficient space utilization.

LED-lit Staircase Design:

Infusing technology into staircase design, LED-lit stairs create a captivating and futuristic ambiance. Integrated LED strips or spotlights along the steps or handrails enhance visibility and add a modern, dynamic flair to the overall aesthetic.

Zigzag Staircase Design:

Zigzag or "Z" shaped stairs add an unconventional and artistic touch to modern interiors. According to best interior designers in Kolkata , this design features alternating landings and treads, creating a dynamic and eye-catching element. The use of materials like steel or glass enhances the contemporary aesthetic.

Benefits of Staircase Designs

Space optimization:.

Well-designed staircases optimize space utilization, particularly in smaller homes. Innovative designs such as spiral or floating stairs maximize the use of vertical space without occupying significant floor area.

Architectural Focal Point:

Staircases, especially those with unique and modern designs , can serve as striking architectural focal points within a home. They contribute to the overall aesthetics and add a sense of style and sophistication.

Improved Accessibility:

Well-designed staircases enhance accessibility within a home, providing a safe and convenient means of moving between different levels. This is crucial for multi-story residences, ensuring ease of navigation for occupants of all ages.

Enhanced Safety:

Modern staircase designs often incorporate safety features such as handrails, non-slip materials and well-lit pathways. These elements contribute to a secure environment, reducing the risk of accidents or falls.

Customization and Personalization:

Staircase designs offer a high degree of customization, allowing homeowners to express their individual style preferences. The use of various materials, shapes, and finishes enables the creation of a staircase that aligns with the overall design theme of the home .

Why Choose Decorpot Home Interiors?

Picture this: a staircase that connects floors and also elevates your home's style. At Decorpot Home Interiors , we're not just about interior designs, we're about crafting architectural masterpieces. With our innovative designs, premium materials and meticulous attention to detail, we transform staircases into captivating focal points. Elevate your home with Decorpot , where every step is a statement of luxury. 

You can  reach us  out for stunning and beautiful Home interior designs

Q1. Which stair design is the best?

The best stair design depends on your space, style and preferences. Floating stairs offer modern elegance, while spirals save space. Choose what suits your home's personality.

Q2. What should be the size of the staircase design in feet?

The size of a staircase design depends on various factors like the available space, local building codes, and the intended use. A standard recommendation is a minimum width of 3 feet, but for more comfort and safety, a width of 3.5 to 4 feet is often preferred. 

Q3. What should be the height of a staircase?

Staircase height varies, typically ranging from 7 to 9 feet. It depends on local building codes, ceiling height, and design aesthetics. Prioritize safety, comfort, and compliance with regulations when determining the height of your staircase.

Q4. What size should a staircase be?

A staircase's ideal size depends on space, but consider a width of 3.5-4 feet for comfort and height conforming to local codes, typically 7-9 feet. Consult with experts for tailored dimensions.

INGENIOUS STAIRCASE DESIGN IDEAS FOR YOUR HOME

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Suburbanization Problems in the USSR : the Case of Moscow

• Référence bibliographique

Gornostayeva Galina A. Suburbanization Problems in the USSR : the Case of Moscow . In: Espace, populations, sociétés , 1991-2. Les franges périurbaines Peri-urban fringes. pp. 349-357.

DOI : https://doi.org/10.3406/espos.1991.1474

www.persee.fr/doc/espos_0755-7809_1991_num_9_2_1474

• RIS (ProCite, Endnote, ...)

Résumé (fre)

La suburbanisation n'existe pas en URSS au sens des phénomènes décrits dans les villes occidentales. Cependant on observe certains transferts limités d'activités industrielles exigeantes en espace ou polluantes, voire même de centres de recherches, vers les zones suburbaines ou des villes-satellites. Mais ces déconcentrations répondent à une logique de planification administrative. En outre, les Moscovites hésitent à aller habiter dans ces centres d'emploi, de crainte de perdre les privilèges liés à l'autorisation d'habiter Moscou (la propiska) et du fait des communications insuffisantes avec la capitale. Le taux de croissance de la population moscovite reste supérieur à celui du reste de l'oblast. Par contre le développement de datchas de seconde résidence est très important dans l'oblast de Moscou, en particulier aux alentours des stations de chemin de fer. L'abolition du système de propiska pourrait transformer les datchas les plus proches de Moscou en résidences principales.

Résumé (eng)

The suburbanisation does not exist as such in the USSR with the meaning one has of the phenomena in Western cities. Though one may notice some limited transfers of industrial activities demanding a lot of space or polluting ones, even research centres, towards the suburban areas or satellite-towns. But these déconcentrations correspond to an administrative planification logics. Moreover the Muscovites hesitate before going and living in these employment centres, because they are afraid of loosing the privileges linked with the authorisation to live in Moscow (the propiska) and because of insufficient communications with the capital. The growth rate of the Muscovite population remains higher than this of the remainder of the oblast. To the contrary developing of datchas for second residences is very high in the Moscow oblast, especially in the vicinity of a railway station. The abolishment of the «propiska» system might transform the datchas nearer to Moscow into main residences.

• Economic structure [link]
• Suburbanization of activities [link]
• Suburbanization of population [link]
• Conclusions [link]
• Literature [link]

Liste des illustrations

• Table 1. Employment structure, % [link]
• Table 2. Annual rate of population increase, % [link]
• Fig. 1. Spatial distribution of country-cottages and gardening associations in the Moscow region [link]

Texte intégral

Galina A. GORNOSTAYEVA

Moscow University

Suburbanization Problems

in the USSR :

the Case of Moscow

Suburbanization processes typical to cities in Western Europe, the USA and other countries are not observed in the USSR or they are distorted to such an extent that they may not be compared with existing standards. This states the question how Soviet cities-succeeded in escaping this stage of urban development. In order to answer this question, we should first summarize the main aspects of Western suburbanization.

Firstly, it is well known that the urbanization processes are linked to structural changes in the economy. Thus the transition from the stage of concentration to this of suburbanization is associated with industrialization, and the transition to the third stage - déconcentration - is related with the rapid growth of employment in the non-industrial sphere. Secondly, a suburbanization of economic activities can be distinguished. It applies in the first place to the building and iron- working industry, transports, engineering and chemical works. These are polluting and requiring extensive areas. This suburbanization of industry is caused by the following factors: rising demand for land from firms ; worsening of transport

tions in the inner cities ; demand for lower land costs and taxation levels in suburbs ; rapid growth of road transports; state policies regulating the growth of large cities ; migration of the labour force to the suburban zones. Scientific and educational activities are also transferred from the centre to the suburbs.

The third important aspect of suburbanization applies to the population. In the suburbs two opposite flows of population meet ; one is centripetal, coming from non- metropolitan regions, the other is centrifugal, coming from the central city. The reasons for the migration to the suburbs are as follows : declining living standards in large cities (overcrowding, slow housing renewal, environmental problems, etc.); growth of motorization of the population, development of communications (telephone, telex, fax, computer) ; intensifying decentralization of working places ; lower land prices in the suburbs ; state support for the intensification of real estate development in the suburbs. The above-mentioned factors and reasons for suburbanization are altered in the Soviet cities. Let us explore them, by taking for example the largest one - Moscow.

Economic structure

The employment structure in the USSR reveals sharp differences from those in developed urbanized countries. The USSR is characterized by a high share of employment in agriculture, industry, construction and a low share in the non-industrial sphere (tab. 1).

A correlation analysis of the percentage of urban population and employment in the different spheres of economic activity reveals that the share of urban population in the USSR is higher than in countries with the same percentage of persons employed in agriculture.

TABLE 1. EMPLOYMENT STRUCTURE,

Source: personal calculations.

The urbanization processes in the Moscow Capital Region (MCR) are more intensive than in other regions of the USSR. Structural changes are more obvious here : the share of employment in the non-industrial sphere increases more substantially and the percentage of persons employed in industry and agriculture is lower than in the whole country. However the MCR cannot therefore be compared with a metropolitan region in a Western country. Although Moscow is the most advanced agglomeration in the USSR, it lags is far behind the major world cities in terms of development and it is at the very start of the post- industrial stage of its structural and urban transformation.

The structural «anomaly» of the USSR as a whole and of the MCR in particular is explained by the enforced process of industrialization (starting from the thirties) at the expense of the peasantry (thus, there is not only a booming industrial employment in cities, but also worsening living and working conditions in villages and forced collectivization having triggered off the massive rural emigration). As a result, the share of urban population in the USSR is higher than expected, based on changes in the economic structure. While urbanization in the developed countries was due, among

other causes, to an increasing labour efficiency in agriculture, this remained quite low in the USSR. Therefore the employment share in agriculture is overstated in comparison with countries with a similar percentage of urban population, and even this considerable part of the labour force is unable to feed the whole population of the country.

The share of agricultural employment in the mcr increased from 7,4 % to 7,6 °7o between 1980 and 1985 (as a result of Moscow attractiveness and the better living standards in its surrounding villages), whereas it continued to decline in other parts of the Central region. The population growth in villages adjacent to Moscow is especially intensive, though labour efficiency in localities near Moscow is higher than in the other oblasts. In spite of this, Moscow oblast provides only 61 % of milk, 34 °/o of potatoes, 45 % of vegetables and 23 % of meat needed by the population in Moscow city and oblast (Argumen- ty i facty, 1988, N50, p. 3). The structural anomaly is not only related to processes in agricultural sphere but also in industrial sector. As a result of the low economic mobility of socialist firms and of the absence of market relations, the industrial development was extensive,

without significant increases of the labour

productivity.

Thus the employment transfer from the

agricultural to the industrial sector, their

extensive development and their low labour

productivity are intrinsically related with the political definition of productiorfrela- tions and course of structural economic transformation.

Suburbanization of activities

Moscow and Moscow oblast show divergent economic structures and changes (tab. 1). In Moscow the employment share in the non-industrial sphere in Moscow is growing more rapidly, whereas the share of industrial employment is decreasing. In Moscow oblast the part of transport and communication infrastructure, retail trade, administration, housing (presently less developed than in Moscow) is increasing. Some stages in the transformation of activities in the mcr's settlements may be pointed out here. The stage of industrialization and reconstruction after World War II is characterized by the swift industrial development and the active restructuration of the Moscow and Moscow oblast economy. New industries have been built (motor-car and aircraft assembly, machine-tool industry, organic synthesis, etc.), around Moscow research and production potential. Nevertheless, this restructuration is extensive, since traditional industries don't curtail production. It favours the heavy concentration of modern functions in Moscow. There is no transfer of firms outside Moscow. Suburbanization of industrial activities did not occur because of the state owning the means of production and of thé socialist form of production relations. When research and technological progress are slowing down, these firms become inefficient and spatially immobile. The period 1956-1970 is marked by an intensive development of the region scientific sphere and by the rise of « satellite » urban policy. The new centres were specialized in modern branches of machinery and research-engineering activities and were undoubtedly very attractive for the population. Therefore towns like Dubna were growing rapidly. While the aim was to redirect part of Moscow population

growth, they display a quite specific relation with the capital. For instance, Muscovites working in Pushchino cannot reach their job every day because they lack transport facilities. Nevertheless, they don't wish to move and register their passports in the city in which they actually work, since they would have to give up their Moscow registration and then lose all Moscow privileges (see further). These new centres are isolated from information sources in Moscow. Poor telephone communications, lack of computers and telex systems hamper contacts and teamwork with colleagues in the city. It seems that material resources for experimental work in research centres are not sufficient to compensate for lack of information and communications. At the same time, poor transport links with Moscow and the other towns of Moscow oblast isolate the scientists from the higher standard of culture in the centre and from a well developed social infrastructure. An original home-work relation can be observed in Dubna: the Muscovites get the second registration of passports and live there in hostel apartments during 4 or 5 working days, during the weekends they go back to Moscow, where their families are living. The change of functions in Moscow oblast towns is still going on. Inside the towns of the first circle adjacent to Moscow, the share of employment in the non-industrial sectors and transport is growing. Inside the towns of the second circle (suburban zone) these changes lead to an increasing potential of non-industrial, industrial and construction functions. Finally, in the outlying parts of the region the further grovth of construction and industrial functions is observed and the organization potential is intensifying in some towns. The mcr towns display a crawling concen-

tration of the regional most important functions and their extension outside the boundaries of Moscow to the towns of the suburban zone. But the déconcentration of functions in the mcr is not only of natural- economic character. It also results from the state urban policy. Déconcentration is not related to the search for more advantageous sites for firms and institutions as regards to economic or social relations (the availability of cheaper labour force or more comfortable living conditions, etc.), nor is it sustained by the expansion of transport and communication facilities. Thus, this déconcentration is independent from curtailment of any function in central Moscow, whose potential is still growing, and it is also completely inadequate regarding the continuing concentration of population (see below). All this, together with the slow economic and territorial mobility of firms, is an obstacle to the economic restructuration of the region, and to the reorientation of Moscow and its suburbs to non-industrial activities and to progressive scientific and informational work. The mass labour-consuming functions still remain in Moscow and its suburbs, but they are inevitably cut off from modern types of activities.

The idea of alleviating Moscow's development appeared from the very beginning of its rapid growth, since the excessive concentration of population and employment led (as in the other major world cities) to environmental discomfort, worsening of transport, strip-holding of land and other congestion signs. In market economies, the firms react to alterations of economic or social conditions by their mobility: some

of them close, other relocate in more convenient places. In the USSR, the problem of firm transfer (unhealthy or unprofitable firms) becomes unsolvable because of the special type of production relations. Economic and territorial passivity of firms is apparent in the difficulties of erecting industrial buildings and dismantling machinery and equipment, in the low turnover of the means of production. The same problem exist regarding the labour force. Firms transferred to the suburban towns of Moscow oblast are encountering great difficulties in recruiting staff in sufficient numbers and of required skill. The local labour force is rather weak, while the Moscow workers wouldn't leave the capital to follow their firm, because they are afraid of being deprived of passport registration in Moscow. From the social point of view, giving up a Moscow registration is more significant to people than losing their job. The processes going on in the mcr are therefore not quite comparable with those in the Western world. The market economy is more «lively» and replacement of functions has the character of territorial waves. Some functions disappear while new ones emerge. In the mcr, the waves are replaced by stratification. New functions do not replace the old ones, but joining them. At the same time, this process of relative déconcentration of functions overpass the process of stable concentration of population. In the mcr, the modern branches are gravitated closely to Moscow, where skilled workers are retained by their registration advantages. Suburban towns have to be satisfied with commuters or specialists from the outlying regions of the USSR.

Suburbanization of population

The urbanization structure of the region is characterized by the predominance of its main centre - Moscow. The share of the capital in the total Moscow oblast population was as follows: in 1929 - 44,3 Vo, in 1939 - 51,6 %, in 1959 - 54,9 %, in 1979 -54,5 Vo, in 1985 - 57,3 % (Moscow Capital Region, p. 137.). Within the agglomeration, the share of Moscow is still higher, in 1959 it was 75,5 % and in 1985

- 67,3 % (ibid., p. 141), whereas in the highly developed capital regions of the world the agglomeration counts one half or less of the total population and of the economic potential, the second half being concentrated in the suburbs (Gritsay, p. 71). Moreover, the growth rate of Moscow population is higher than that of Moscow oblast (tab . 2).

TABLE 2. ANNUAL RATE OF POPULATION INCREASE,

Migrations are of great importance to the mcr. The internal migration of rural population to the cities is rather substantial, and the immigration flow from the rest of the USSR is not compensated by the decrease of rural population in the mcr. The nearer a town to Moscow, the larger the migration share in its total population increase.

The dynamics of population in the mcr has a specific character. In agglomerations of the developed countries the principle of the «broken glass» summarizes the suburbanization process. When, for some reasons, the centre loses its attractiveness the urban population moves to suburbs in search of higher living standard. In Moscow agglomeration the principle of the «overfilled glass» is operating. People wanting to live in Moscow cannot enter the city and are forced to settle near it. In Moscow immigration undoubtedly prevails over emigration, confirming the extreme territorial differentiation in conditions, level and way of life. As a rule, commuting is oriented from suburbs to Moscow (600 thousand persons come to Moscow and only 200 thousand leave it), but it accounts only for 12-15 % cf the total employment in Moscow's economy. Moreover, these commuters are not Muscovites but potential new inhabitants of the capital (striving for passport registration and domicile in Moscow).

Moscow became the most attractive place for living and an intensive flow of ruined rural residents as well as residents from other regions of the country were rushing -to Moscow. These processes were generated not only by the inception of the country structural economic transformation,

but also by the policy of special privileges for Moscow. These privileges came into being after the establishment of a centralized distribution system. Such a system involves the assignment of a priority level of foodstuffs and manufactured goods to each territory. Moscow was awarded the highest priority level. From the very beginning, better living standards and higher income for certain population categories were established there. In the thirties the artificial differentiation in living standards was confirmed by imposing restrictions to passport registration in the capital, and also by the division of administrative bodies into Moscow and Moscow oblast authorities. In the period 1925-30 dozens of new large firms were located in Moscow, but housing was insufficient at that time. Therefore, a great number of migrants from every corner of the country came to get a job in Moscow and settled in cottages in the nearby countryside. Soon, these settlements in the nearby countryside. Soon, these settlements turned into urban ones. For example, towns like Mytishchi and Luberstsy developed rapidly, and even Muscovites moved there when the railways were electrified. This was clearly the outset of a suburbanization process, but it stopped as soon as the restrictions on passport registration in Moscow were imposed and the social barrier between Moscow and Moscow oblast was established. In the period 1930-40, new industrial developments were banned from Moscow and firms drawn towards the city were located on the outskirts thus causing a rapid growth of the old and new towns. Although the development of cottages as second residence near Moscow started even before the revolution, since the en-

vironmental degradation of Moscow was practically completed at that time, they became the main resorts of those years. They had flourished in the districts with privileged natural conditions and convenient transport services (not further than 2 km from a railway station). In the period 1930-40, this sprawl of leisure housing carried on - cottage settlements expanded into an entire belt of scattered one- storeyed buildings. But at the same time, urban multi-storeyed housing also increased and after World War II these multi- storeyed buildings were found in the cottage settlements of the leisure zone. In the period 1950-60 a network of gardening associations was established. In those

years the most convenient land near Moscow had already been built on. The gardening plots allotted to the Muscovites were located in the remote parts of the mcr, outside the suburban zone, and very frequently they were on improper territories. Because of their remoteness, the difficulties in cultivation and building, the lack of infrastructure, these plots cannot become effective leisure resorts. More frequently Muscovites use them for fruit and vegetable growing.

The desire of the Muscovites for having a second residence in the suburbs can be interpreted as an unfulfilled suburbanization tendency. This desire has the same, mainly environmental, causes as suburbaniza-

tion in Western countries. The cottages within the reach of Moscow's traffic and having access to appropriate infrastructure and amenities, might become the principal residence of Muscovites if passport registration is abolished. The restrictions of passport registration in Moscow fixed in the thirties were devised as an administrative solution against the effects of Moscow's unique attractiveness and not as a means of eliminating the attractiveness itself. For this reason, Moscow became even more attractive, like a forbidden fruit. The consequences were both the concentration of the upper strata of society in the city and the extensive development of industry, resulting in a growing shortage of unskilled labour.

The shortage of regular workers in Moscow is sometimes explained by the increasing number of working places. An adequate planning of the «limiters» (1) system is then put forward as the solution for controlling the growth of Moscow is found in (Glushkova, 1988, p. 43). To be frank, about twenty industrial units and more than one hundred scientific institutions were already created in the seventies alone, in spite of the industrial building ban in Moscow, only a few firms moved outside the city in return. New industrial units easily find staff, since they offer new machinery, relatively good working conditions and higher wages. New scientific and administrative institutions are in a similar position. But the situation is totally different in the old industrial units, with rundown equipment and a high level of manual tasks. Those units suffer from a staff shortage. Moreover, as in any other city, there is a social mobility in Moscow, in most cases improving - from manual up to mental, from unskilled up to highly skilled work. Furthermore, the prestige of a higher education (university) is overestimated in Moscow, whereas the prestige of the manual professions has declined as a result of the stagnation of reinvestments in industry, the high share of manual labour (40 %), and also favouritism and

crowding in the administrative staffs. The attractiveness of an upper class position is therefore overestimated, and social mobility activated. Since Moscow cannot admit free «immigrants» the lower strata of the social structure are vacant and there appears a shortage of unskilled labour force. The lower strata of the social structure were filled in with « limiters ». Available employment in Moscow was not the cause of an organized immigration flow, but represented the only possible way to register the passport there. Roughly half of these people drawn into Moscow's economy left their jobs. «Limiters» get the right to register their passports in Moscow and take up their residence in new houses when their contract expires. They usually quit their job as soon as possible in search of better working conditions (Glushkova, 1988, p. 42). The nature of unskilled work in Moscow and the associated working conditions are so unattractive that it is nearly impossible to find Muscovites willing to perform them.

The institution of passport registration raised many problems. Thus the « limiters » are recruited in social groups not needing most of the advantages of a large city, their psychology and value system differ sharply from native Muscovites. The direct environment of the hostels where «limiters » live, has a pronounced criminal character. Fictitious marriage in order to register the passport in Moscow has become a widespread practice.

Moscow's environmental problems can hardly be solved as long as passport registration exists. The population is literally locked up within the city boundaries. Notwithstanding the environmental stresses, the Moscow privileges prevent the Muscovites from leaving the city. The urban districts not saturated with harmful industrial units are the most prestigious. The social and economic causes of Moscow's extensive growth reveal that its problems are a reflection of the ones facing the USSR. The concentration of economic, social and management functions in Mos-

cow in Soviet times materializes the strong centralism of the particraty and weighs down on the city's development. Low labour efficiency in agriculture and sheer desolation of villages on the one hand, rapid but extensive industrialisation together with forced increasing social attraction of Moscow, confirmed by the restrictions on passport registration, on the other hand, were the key factors of the mcr's polarization during decades. Together with objective factors found in other large cities of the world, subjective factors related to the Soviet political and economic system influence Moscow's growth.

The objective factors are as follows: the diversity of employment in the capital, the emergence of new types of occupations, the concentration of high-skilled and creative labour, the higher living standards, the large educational and cultural opportunities.

The subjective factors are the higher supply level of foodstuff and manufactured goods different than in other regions (the existence of meat-rationing system in many regions of the country and its absence in Moscow establishes a significant threshold not only in terms of supply but also in the outlook of the population); the lack of communications and individual motorized transport (in the rsfsr one counts 47 cars per 1000 urban inhabitants against 560 in the USA) (Argumenty i facty, 1988, N47, p. 2); the craving for joining the upper social classes and for accessing neighbourhoods with a high quality of life; unjustified promotion of upward social mobility releasing «the ground floors» of Moscow's economy; continued growth of employment due to the extensive economic development and the low economic and territorial mobility of firms. Today, the hierarchy of priorities for selecting a residence within the mcr and the whole country is as follows. Food supply comes first. The supply of manufactured

goods, the opportunities to obtain better and larger living quarters and to accede to a prestigious employment with a wage increase, social promotion, well developed consumer services come next. And only at the end of the scale appears the opportunity to fulfil cultural needs and education. Thus, there is a process of «pseudo- urbanization» characteristic of the Soviet economic and social system, superimposed on the process of «natural» urbanization. By natural urbanization we mean the process related to economic development and to the natural difference between rural and urban ways of life. The specificity, the structural changes and the hierarchy of city functions shape the migration flows conditioned by natural urbanization. «Pseudo-urbanization» points to «the scum» of the process, that may complete the economic and socially conditioned urbanization. The «pseudo-urbanization» is generated by a disproportionate development of the country's economic structure (hypertrophie share of industry; economic and political reforms have triggered off a massive flow of the peasantry towards the cities, related not with the rising but with the lowering of labour efficiency in agriculture, with impoverishment of the countryside and hence with the urge towards the centres of relative well-being), and by the territorial inequalities in standards of living, artificially created and maintained by the institution of passports and registration.

The suburbanization of population cannot be observed in the MCR. The centripetal tendencies mentioned above resulted in rapid growth of Moscow and its suburbs, as well as in some stagnation of its periphery. Thus Moscow agglomeration is now in the first stage of development, the stage of «crawling» concentration where centrifugal forces are very weak. This situation will last as long as the barrier in terms of standards of living exists between Moscow and Moscow oblast.

Conclusions

This study has reaffirmed the general lack of suburbanization in the Soviet cities. Some signs of suburbanization like the

transfer of some activities from Moscow to the suburbs, the concentration of population in towns and villages near the central

city and commuting, differ significantly pie and firms will emancipate, only if the from the Western cities. The process of ur- existing political and economic system in banization will take its normal course, peo- the USSR is dismantled.

Argumenty i facty, 1988, N47, p. 2 Argumenty i facty, 1988, N50, p. 3

GLUSHKOVA V.G. Questions of Interrelated Settlement in Moscow and the Moscow Region, Problems of Geography, vol. 131, Moscow, 1988, pp. 40-56.

GRITSAY O.V. Western Europe : Regional Contrasts at the New Stage of Scientific-Technological Progress, Moscow, 1988, 148 p.

Moscow in Figures. 1980, Moscow, 1981, 220 p. Moscow in Figures. 1985, Moscow, 1986, 240 p.

National Economy of Moscow Oblast. 1981-1985, Moscow, 1986, 271 p.

National Economy of the ussr. 1985, Moscow, 1986, 421 p. Yearbook of Labour Statistics. 1987, Geneva, 1987, 960 p.

Moscow Capital Region: Territorial Structure and Natural Environment, Moscow, 1988, 321 p.

(1) Limiters are unskilled workers, hired in an organised way by Moscow firms; after working there for several years of working they get the right to register

their passports and to take up their residence in Moscow.

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Gagarin Cup Preview: Atlant vs. Salavat Yulaev

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Gagarin cup (khl) finals:  atlant moscow oblast vs. salavat yulaev ufa.

Much like the Elitserien Finals, we have a bit of an offense vs. defense match-up in this league Final.  While Ufa let their star top line of Alexander Radulov, Patrick Thoresen and Igor Grigorenko loose on the KHL's Western Conference, Mytischi played a more conservative style, relying on veterans such as former NHLers Jan Bulis, Oleg Petrov, and Jaroslav Obsut.  Just reaching the Finals is a testament to Atlant's disciplined style of play, as they had to knock off much more high profile teams from Yaroslavl and St. Petersburg to do so.  But while they did finish 8th in the league in points, they haven't seen the likes of Ufa, who finished 2nd. 

This series will be a challenge for the underdog, because unlike some of the other KHL teams, Ufa's top players are generally younger and in their prime.  Only Proshkin amongst regular blueliners is over 30, with the work being shared by Kirill Koltsov (28), Andrei Kuteikin (26), Miroslav Blatak (28), Maxim Kondratiev (28) and Dmitri Kalinin (30).  Oleg Tverdovsky hasn't played a lot in the playoffs to date.  Up front, while led by a fairly young top line (24-27), Ufa does have a lot of veterans in support roles:  Vyacheslav Kozlov , Viktor Kozlov , Vladimir Antipov, Sergei Zinovyev and Petr Schastlivy are all over 30.  In fact, the names of all their forwards are familiar to international and NHL fans:  Robert Nilsson , Alexander Svitov, Oleg Saprykin and Jakub Klepis round out the group, all former NHL players.

For Atlant, their veteran roster, with only one of their top six D under the age of 30 (and no top forwards under 30, either), this might be their one shot at a championship.  The team has never won either a Russian Superleague title or the Gagarin Cup, and for players like former NHLer Oleg Petrov, this is probably the last shot at the KHL's top prize.  The team got three extra days rest by winning their Conference Final in six games, and they probably needed to use it.  Atlant does have younger regulars on their roster, but they generally only play a few shifts per game, if that. 

The low event style of game for Atlant probably suits them well, but I don't know how they can manage to keep up against Ufa's speed, skill, and depth.  There is no advantage to be seen in goal, with Erik Ersberg and Konstantin Barulin posting almost identical numbers, and even in terms of recent playoff experience Ufa has them beat.  Luckily for Atlant, Ufa isn't that far away from the Moscow region, so travel shouldn't play a major role. 

I'm predicting that Ufa, winners of the last Superleague title back in 2008, will become the second team to win the Gagarin Cup, and will prevail in five games.  They have a seriously well built team that would honestly compete in the NHL.  They represent the potential of the league, while Atlant represents closer to the reality, as a team full of players who played themselves out of the NHL. 

• Atlant @ Ufa, Friday Apr 8 (3:00 PM CET/10:00 PM EST)
• Atlant @ Ufa, Sunday Apr 10 (1:00 PM CET/8:00 AM EST)
• Ufa @ Atlant, Tuesday Apr 12 (5:30 PM CET/12:30 PM EST)
• Ufa @ Atlant, Thursday Apr 14 (5:30 PM CET/12:30 PM EST)

Games 5-7 are as yet unscheduled, but every second day is the KHL standard, so expect Game 5 to be on Saturday, like an early start. 

The Unique Burial of a Child of Early Scythian Time at the Cemetery of Saryg-Bulun (Tuva)

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Pages:  379-406

In 1988, the Tuvan Archaeological Expedition (led by M. E. Kilunovskaya and V. A. Semenov) discovered a unique burial of the early Iron Age at Saryg-Bulun in Central Tuva. There are two burial mounds of the Aldy-Bel culture dated by 7th century BC. Within the barrows, which adjoined one another, forming a figure-of-eight, there were discovered 7 burials, from which a representative collection of artifacts was recovered. Burial 5 was the most unique, it was found in a coffin made of a larch trunk, with a tightly closed lid. Due to the preservative properties of larch and lack of air access, the coffin contained a well-preserved mummy of a child with an accompanying set of grave goods. The interred individual retained the skin on his face and had a leather headdress painted with red pigment and a coat, sewn from jerboa fur. The coat was belted with a leather belt with bronze ornaments and buckles. Besides that, a leather quiver with arrows with the shafts decorated with painted ornaments, fully preserved battle pick and a bow were buried in the coffin. Unexpectedly, the full-genomic analysis, showed that the individual was female. This fact opens a new aspect in the study of the social history of the Scythian society and perhaps brings us back to the myth of the Amazons, discussed by Herodotus. Of course, this discovery is unique in its preservation for the Scythian culture of Tuva and requires careful study and conservation.

Keywords: Tuva, Early Iron Age, early Scythian period, Aldy-Bel culture, barrow, burial in the coffin, mummy, full genome sequencing, aDNA

Information about authors: Marina Kilunovskaya (Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation). Candidate of Historical Sciences. Institute for the History of Material Culture of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Dvortsovaya Emb., 18, Saint Petersburg, 191186, Russian Federation E-mail: [email protected] Vladimir Semenov (Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation). Candidate of Historical Sciences. Institute for the History of Material Culture of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Dvortsovaya Emb., 18, Saint Petersburg, 191186, Russian Federation E-mail: [email protected] Varvara Busova  (Moscow, Russian Federation).  (Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation). Institute for the History of Material Culture of the Russian Academy of Sciences.  Dvortsovaya Emb., 18, Saint Petersburg, 191186, Russian Federation E-mail:  [email protected] Kharis Mustafin  (Moscow, Russian Federation). Candidate of Technical Sciences. Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology.  Institutsky Lane, 9, Dolgoprudny, 141701, Moscow Oblast, Russian Federation E-mail:  [email protected] Irina Alborova  (Moscow, Russian Federation). Candidate of Biological Sciences. Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology.  Institutsky Lane, 9, Dolgoprudny, 141701, Moscow Oblast, Russian Federation E-mail:  [email protected] Alina Matzvai  (Moscow, Russian Federation). Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology.  Institutsky Lane, 9, Dolgoprudny, 141701, Moscow Oblast, Russian Federation E-mail:  [email protected]

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