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Careers in Biology: Where Your Degree Will Take You

So, you’ve decided to major in biology. Your degree offers a staggering array of career options.

Pamela Reynolds

Biology (sometimes called the life sciences) is one of the most popular majors on college campuses today. While some students choose a biology degree as preparation for medical school, many students don’t realize that it can also open doors to many other careers.

Food scientists, science writers, nature conservation officers, medical lab technicians, forensic scientists, and even pharmaceutical sales representatives are all professionals who may have started off their careers with a degree in biology.  

The best thing about a biology degree is that it pairs well with so many other passions.

A biology major can be a steppingstone to a specialized career studying the impact of climate change on food crops, developing a cure for Alzheimer’s, learning the root causes of Autism, or working to clean up the world’s polluted oceans.

If you have an interest in the life sciences but are not sure where a degree in biology will lead you, read on to learn more about potential careers in biology. It turns out you can do a lot more with a biology degree than go to medical school.

What are the best careers in biology?

Biology is the study of living organisms, their processes, and their functions. It’s a broad field that encompasses everything from large plants and animals to tiny microorganisms.

Career options in biology are therefore as varied as the living organisms biologists study.

And the field continues to grow, expanding into areas unheard of a few years ago. Astrobiologists, for instance, study the effects of outer space on living organisms and hunt for extraterrestrial life. Bioclimatologists study how climate affects plants, animals, and humans. Cryobiologists study the effects of low temperatures on living organisms. Bioinformaticians apply their computer skills to solving problems in medicine and the life sciences.

Other popular careers in biology include immunobiology, in which biologists study the immune system, and genomics, in which biologists study genomes.

Where can you work with a biology degree?

Biologists can work almost anywhere, including in the worlds of art, law, business, public health, and education.

What career you choose will depend on your interests and whether you opt for a bachelor’s degree, a master’s, or maybe even an MD or PhD.

If you stop at a bachelor’s degree, you might work as a technician at a biotech firm or hospital. You could become a high school biology teacher or use your degree to become a health educator. You could even build a career as a science content writer or move into sales at a medical device company. 

With additional education, you can use your biology degree to become a nurse, physician, veterinarian, engineer, or senior scientist. An advanced degree in biology can allow you to teach biology at a university or become a senior level manager or researcher at a pharmaceutical, environmental, or biotech firm. You might even decide to start your own company.

The Bureau of Labor Statistics estimates there will be almost 114,000 new jobs in the life, physical, and social sciences between 2020 and 2030, meaning that biology and related fields represent a high-growth sector.

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What type of biology is best for your career goals?

Careers in biology can be divided into branches and fields. Each branch offers a different set of career choices. There are dozens of possibilities, but a few broad areas include:

  • Biomedical Engineering. This area revolves around applying the problem-solving techniques of engineering to biology and medicine. Someone who has a biology degree might get a graduate degree in engineering to tackle real-world systems that make people healthier. Biomedical engineers design new technologies that include prosthetic devices, imaging systems, medical instruments, diagnostic tools, and biopharmaceuticals. Many biomedical engineers work at biotechnology firms. Some may work for the government to establish safety standards for medical devices. This area is huge and growing and includes a wide range of specialties from biomaterials to stem cell engineering. 
  • Chemical and Physical Biology. People working in this area use tools from mathematics, chemistry, and physics to solve problems in the life sciences. Chemists and physical biologists work in research and technical positions in industries like oil, chemicals, food processing, agriculture, biotechnology, and mining. They might work in manufacturing or in diagnostics at a private company, or in quality control, sales, and plant development.
  • Ecology and Environmental Biology. Ecologists and environmental biologists study the relationships between living things and their habitats. Within this field, there are many specializations. For instance, aerobiologists study organisms and organic particles in the air. Geobiologists study the interactions between the earth and the biosphere. Many people in this area study specific regional environments to protect wildlife and ecosystems. They might work as a naturalist at a state or national park, or as a consultant or researcher with a government agency, private firm, or non-profit organization.
  • Human Evolutionary Biology. Human evolutionary biologists seek to understand how evolutionary forces have shaped our physiology and patterns of behavior. Someone working in this field might work as a researcher in medical science or a professor in medicine, economics, psychology, or the social sciences.
  • Molecular and Cellular Biology. Cell biologists study cell structures and their interactions with biological organisms. They usually work in laboratories where they analyze samples, perform experiments, and keep detailed records of their findings. A cell biologist may work for government agencies, in private or public laboratories, as well as teach at colleges or universities.
  • Neuroscience.   Neuroscientists study the biology underlying behavior and how our brains process information. They examine the nervous system at every level, from behavior and cognition to cells and molecules. Someone in this area might work in research at a biotech company, become a neuroeconomist, a medical doctor, or a professor at a university.

What careers require an advanced degree in biology?

While it’s possible to find a satisfying career with only a bachelor’s degree in biology, the reality is that as technology and science progresses, there is always more to know.

That makes it increasingly likely that you’ll need a graduate degree in a specific area in the biological sciences. We’ve discussed many of these areas, including cell and molecular biology, biomedical engineering, neurobiology, and chemistry.

An advanced degree is especially necessary for anyone interested in moving into research in academia, private industry or in a government lab. But advanced degrees are also necessary outside of academia and research. Foresters and forensic scientists, environmental scientists, and microbiologists generally have advanced degrees.

Rather than earning a more advanced degree in a specialized area of biology, some students choose to enter a professional school after receiving their bachelor’s degree. They might attend nursing, medical, veterinary, dental or law school. Students who choose this route can find themselves richly rewarded by a fascinating career that offers even more opportunities for specialization.  

Whatever career you choose, the nice thing about getting a degree in biology is that you’ll always have options!

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About the Author

Pamela Reynolds is a Boston-area feature writer and editor whose work appears in numerous publications. She is the author of “Revamp: A Memoir of Travel and Obsessive Renovation.”

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Career Outlook

BPH Alumni - Where are they now?

Graduates assume a multitude of positions after they graduate including post-doctoral fellows, faculty members and research scientists in graduate schools, medical schools, research institutes or schools of public health. Career opportunities in the biological sciences as they apply to public health have also grown in academia and in the biotechnology and pharmaceutical industries.

BPH students have access to the Harvard Griffin GSAS Office of Career Services for resources regarding non-academic pathways such as well as more traditional academic pathways, ranging from career fairs to interviewing skills.

Harvard Griffin GSAS Mignone Center for Career Success (MCS) Career Pathways Resources Harvard Griffin GSAS Advising Resources Career and Professional Development Navigator

Remember you also have access to Harvard Chan School’s Office of Career Services : • Log onto CareerConnect  (SPH site) for job, fellowship, & internship opportunities • Check out the Careers Resources on the Career Advancement Website for comprehensive public health job search tools • Check the HSPH Alumni Community and the Harvard Wide Alumni Community for alumni contacts/mentors

Useful Forms and Documents:

  • Sample CV for Academe
  • Sample CV for Industry
  • New Biosketch Format (Sample)
  • New Biosketch Format (For Use)
  • CV, Resume or Something in-between (Powerpoint)

The Perfect Elevator Pitch to Land a Job (Source: Forbes)

10 Steps to Career Fair Success  (Source: SPH Office for Career Advancement)

7 Things You Need to Do After Attending a Career Fair (Source: Rasmussen)

Your Body Language Shapes Who You Are (Source: Professor Amy Cuddy, HBS @ TEDGlobal 2012)

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ASCB

PhD in Biology

PhD candidate standing in tea field

The PhD program in Biology is a research-intensive program that also has a strong focus on teaching, designed to produce top scientists and educators with a broad base of knowledge to tackle the most important biological problems of today. This is accomplished through research training, graduate-level courses, seminars, and teaching experience. Entering students are assigned an advisory committee of three faculty members who work with the student to plan a suitable program based on the student's experience and interests.

PhD students in Biology receive full tuition support for six years, a competitive stipend, health coverage, and receive extensive training in pedagogy, outreach, and communication that prepares them for careers in academia, biotechnology, education, and policy. Students are required to serve as teaching assistants for at least two semesters. Most students complete the requirement for teaching experience in the first year by assisting in the introductory undergraduate biology courses for two semesters.

During the first year, students become familiar with research opportunities in the department by doing short research rotations with various faculty members. This experience in expected to lead to the selection of a research focus for the PhD thesis, and it also sets the stage for cross-disciplinary approaches to the thesis topic that is pursued.

First- and second-year students usually take some graduate courses that are selected in consultation with the advisory committee, in addition to one required course: either Biology 243: Topics in Molecular and Cell Biology; Biology 244: Topics in Evolutionary Ecology; or Biology 246: Topics in Physiology and Animal Behavior.

The department faculty are educators as well as researchers, and the graduate students benefit from this expertise. Graduate students serving as teaching assistants have the opportunity to take a course on teaching and pedagogy to improve their skills, or to become involved with upper level courses in their area of expertise. In addition, we offer a one-month summer program for PhD students interested in contributing to course design and honing their teaching skills via GIFT, the Graduate Institute For Teaching .

PhD student working in lab

Research Concentrations

Browse the six concentration areas below for recommended programs of study and relevant courses:

  • Biology Education Research
  • Ecology, Behavior and Evolution
  • Global Change Biology
  • Genetics and Molecular Biology
  • Developmental Biology
  • Physiology, Neurobiology and Animal Behavior

Graduate credit for a course requires a grade of B- (B minus) or better. A list of biology department undergraduate and graduate courses can be found by selecting the Courses button from the top bar.

Throughout the year, graduate students benefit from a variety of seminars on current research that are presented by faculty, fellow graduate students, and invited speakers.

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99 PhD jobs in Biology

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  • PhD positions in Molecular Biology (32)
  • PhD positions in Cell Biology (29)
  • PhD positions in Biotechnology (28)
  • PhD positions in Microbiology (23)
  • PhD positions in Genetics (23)

Other main fields

  • PhD positions in Engineering (227)
  • PhD positions in Computer Science (145)
  • PhD positions in Physics (130)
  • PhD positions in Chemistry (115)
  • PhD positions in Mathematics (77)

Search results (99)

...

Doctoral (PhD) student position in Molecular Epidemiology with application in Precision Health

Do you want to contribute to top quality medical research? To be a doctoral student means to devote oneself to a research project under supervision of experienced researchers and following an indiv...

...

2 PhD students in Cognitive (Neuro)Science – KULeuven UCLouvain

We are recruiting 2 motivated PhD researchers (m/v/x) for a 4-year appointment within a KULeuven – UCLouvain research consortium, supervised by prof. Bert Reynvoet and prof. Arnaud Szmalec. 1 PhD s...

...

PhD student in Bioinorganic Electrochemistry

Prof. Ross MILTONAssistant Professor [email protected] 1st 2024Reference number: 040124phdPosition: PhD studentThe above reference number must appear in the subject line or body of your email to be considered for this post. Applications by...

...

PhD Candidate: Neurocognitive Mechanisms of Alternative Thinking at the Donders Centre for Cognition

Employment 1.0 FTEGross monthly salary € 2,770 - € 3,539Required background Research University DegreeOrganizational unit Faculty of Social SciencesApplication deadline 24 May 2024Are you fascinated by the connection between adapting communication...

PhD Candidate: Environmental Microbiology

Employment 1.0 FTEGross monthly salary € 2,770 - € 3,539Required background Research University DegreeOrganizational unit Faculty of ScienceApplication deadline 12 May 2024Are you fascinated by the world of microbiology and environmental sciences?...

MSCA-DN-FAIROmics: Multiscale Modelling for Risk-averse Optimisation and Control of Plant-based Fermented Food Production

The vision of BioTeC+ (Chemical & Biochemical Process Technology & Control) (PI Prof. Jan F.M. Van Impe) is to consolidate and strengthen both its international research position and its societal i...

...

Early Stage Researcher - PhD Student (m/f/d) SB24-0074

The University for Continuing Education Krems specializes in part-time academic continuing education. As a public university for continuing education, it works with its expertise in teaching and research to overcome societal challenges and tailors...

...

Research and Teaching Assistant (PhD student) in food Science-Ghent University Global campus, Korea

Job summaryFull time Research and Teaching Assistant (PhD candidate in Food Science and Technology)-Ghent University Global campus.Departments:KR01 – Department of Environmental Technology, Food Technology and Molecular Biotechnology, Ghent Univer...

...

PhD in Engineering of biological activated carbon (BAC) filters

Engineering of biological activated carbon (BAC) filters for micropollutants removal in tertiary wastewater treatmentMicropollutants have been identified as contaminants of concern present in municipal wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluent. T...

PhD in Nature-based systems against organic micropollutants

Engineered nature-based systems to protect drinking water aquifers against organic micropollutantsTo mitigate seasonal water stress, drinking water companies at the high sandy soils in eastern Netherlands intend to increase aquifer recharge. Howev...

PhD in Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA)-based colloids from wastewater

Fabrication of polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA)-based colloidal release systems for agrochemicals Leading developments and innovations with methods for biopolymer (polyhydroxyalkanoate or PHA) production and recovery, using wastewater and organic residu...

...

PhD Candidate “PhD position in Remote Sensing of Aquatic Biophysics”

Job descriptionThe University of Twente wants to be an organisation that optimally deploys diversity, talents, and capabilities in the labour market for now and in the future. In the framework of o...

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Doctoral student in biochemistry/structural biology with focus on biotechnology

Reference number PAR 2024/414The University of Gothenburg tackles society’s challenges with diverse knowledge. 56 000 students and 6 600 employees make the university a large and inspiring place to work and study. Strong research and attractive st...

PhD position: High-throughput bacterial genome editing

About the labs The Laboratory for Genome Editing and System Genetics (https://voneschlab.sites.vib.be/en) develops highly multiplexed CRISPR/Cas-based technologies for precision genome engineering ...

...

PhD Student - Department of Biomolecular Medicine

Last application date May 15, 2024 00:00Department GE31 - Department of Biomolecular MedicineContract Limited durationDegree Master’s degree in Medicine, Biomedical Sciences, Biotechnology, Bioengineering, Pharmaceutical sciences, or equivalentOcc...

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PhD Positions in Cancer Research

Are you looking for excellent research opportunities for your PhD studies at the forefront of cancer research? The German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) in Heidelberg invites international students holding a Master’s degree in (molecular) biology, ...

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Upcoming fully funded PhD Positions in Neurosciences and Translational Psychiatry research, including a residency/PhD track option for medical doctors

There are no tuition fees for this PhD program.We welcome applications through our online application portal starting on August 15, 2023 for a start in fall 2024. The application deadline will be on October 31, 2023. The International Max Planck R...

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Upcoming PhD Positions at the International Max Planck Research School for Molecules of Life in Autumn 2023

More information for the new call-out will come up during Autumn 2023. Stay tuned!The International Max Planck Research School for Molecules of Life (IMPRS-ML) will have an open call for fully-funded PhD student positions in the areas of biochemis...

...

Upcoming PhD positions at the CGA

Call for applications for up to 12 PhD positions at the Cologne Graduate School of Ageing Research opens soon! The Cologne Graduate School of Ageing Research (CGA) in Germany is a joint venture of the University of Cologne Excellence Cluster on St...

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International Fully Funded PhD Positions in the Life Sciences in Switzerland

*New application deadlines for two open calls per year: November 1 and May 1!Life Science Zurich Graduate School offers more than 100 funded PhD positions. With around 500 research groups and more than 1600 Ph.D. students, the Life Science Zurich ...

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careers with biology phd

careers with biology phd

  • Doing a PhD in Biology

A PhD in Biological Sciences aims to train researchers on the evolution and sustainable use of biological diversity, as well as training for their future incorporation in universities, research institutions and management centres, both private and public administration.

A PhD in Biology usually focuses on the study of living things, their nature, origin, evolution and interactions with each other and their environment. It may also involve the study of plant and animal behaviour, structure, function and relationships to each other and the environment.

Browse available Biology PhD Projects

A next-generation genetic technology to identify biotechnologically-valuable enzymes and transporters, development of fluorescent organic molecules for application in super-resolution imaging techniques, ubiquitin-dependent signalling pathways in ageing, speciation in facultatively sexual species, energy dissipation in human soft tissue during impacts, what is it like to undertake a phd in biology.

As a Biological Sciences PhD student, your day to day activities will revolve around:

  • Generating new scientific and technical knowledge in the Biological Sciences through original work. They will be able to handle and apply methodologies to solve research problems in the different areas of biological knowledge, with particular emphasis on the fields of biodiversity and molecular biology.
  • Developing new technologies to solve problems, detect needs and opportunities inherent to their area of research. In particular, know and use contemporary statistical approaches.
  • Formulating, managing and leading research projects, working in teams and interdisciplinary networks. As a result, they will be able to devise and implement working hypotheses, describe and interpret experimental results and critically analyse the findings presented in scientific publications.
  • Managing new information and communication technologies that allow you to efficiently disseminate research and results in specialised journals, specialised circles and the social community to participate satisfactorily in higher and postgraduate education through the experience acquired in the academic activities of your doctorate.
  • Advising undergraduate and postgraduate students on your research work.

Research Areas

One of the most significant factors in choosing a PhD project is what your supervisor is interested/expert in. Not every aspect of biology will suit every supervisor: however, there are many ways this can be decided. The largest factor in determining what area to research can be down to your supervisor’s previous interests and his/her research background.

You may also look at research areas based on job opportunities in the future or other practical applications for your findings, such as developing new drugs, vaccines, treatments etc. But these decisions will all depend on whether you are happy with the type of work that your supervisor wants you to do and, more important, whether it’s a research interest your passionate about.

As a biological sciences doctorate examines biological processes at interdisciplinary levels and encompasses various disciplines ranging from organisms to genes to evolution, there are many sub-disciplines that PhD research projects could centre around. Some of these include:

  • Bioinformatics ,
  • Cell biology,
  • Evolutionary biology,
  • Molecular biology,
  • Molecular microbiology etc.

PhD in Biological Sciences

Entry Requirements and Application Process

A PhD in biology requires a good knowledge of mathematics, statistics and biology. Besides independent research, a PhD will entail advanced training in biology and developing skills in analytical thinking.

The typical entry requirements for a PhD in biology is a strong Masters degree (minimum of 2:1) in a relevant field of study. For example:

  • BSc (Hons) in Biology, Genetics, Zoology, Biochemistry etc.
  • BSc (Hons) in Environmental Science or Marine Biology.
  • BVMS/BVM&S/BSc(Hons) Veterinary Science.
  • LLB Law Degree with significant subject knowledge of biology.

If you are an international student, you may need to demonstrate your proficiency and knowledge in the English language. This is done through the English language requirements of an IELTS/TOEFL score or a recognised English proficiency test.

Typical Applicant Profile

To be admitted into a PhD programme, applicants will be expected to demonstrate:

  • Ability for critical and reflective thinking that leads to the posing of problems and their resolution with impact in the area of ​​health sciences.
  • Ability to train human resources in the area of ​​genomic medicine.
  • Competence in research, teaching, extension and outreach activities.
  • Attitude and aptitude to form multidisciplinary workgroups.
  • Leadership for the consolidation of research lines.
  • Management and handling of financial resources for research.
  • The observance of professional ethical guidelines that contribute to sustainable development.

Average Length of Programme

The duration of a PhD can be up to five years, depending on which university you attend, the funding provided by the university (if any) and your own commitment to finishing it. The minimum time to undertake a PhD depends on the degree you are studying for, however, four years is usually the norm.

What Can You Do with A PhD in Biology?

A PhD in biology allows postgraduate research students to pursue a wide range of careers, primarily due to many transferable skills developed and the range of training received. Students can work in academia, which involves lecturing, laboratory research and academic publication. Lab research positions typically involve working in a team to study living organisms/bio-systems and applying this knowledge to answer specific questions.

Other career paths you could pursue are becoming a microbiologist, pharmacologist, biochemist, biotechnologist, biologist or medical research scientist.

Molecular Biology

Tuition Fees

On average, tuition fees for a PhD in a biological subject cost approximately £3,000 per year for UK students. International students will pay more in the range of £10,000 to £20,000 depending on their chosen university. Your tuition fees will vary depending on whether you are studying part-time or full-time and as to how much lab work is involved.

Funding Opportunities

The majority of PhD funding will come from the Department/University in the form of PhD studentships. However, depending on your research activity, some funding may also be available from other sources, such as:

  • Postgraduate study programmes funded by charities and academic foundations.
  • Applying for grants from various government organisations such as the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council ( BBSRC ), Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC). These are usually known as Doctoral Training Partnerships (DTPs).
  • Applying for funding opportunities offered by large companies, pharmaceutical companies, research bodies and medical bodies.

If you are successful with securing funding, you could expect to receive around £17-19k per year for your project’s duration. This covers both your tuition fees and your living expenses, such as accommodation costs, utility bills etc. Deadlines for funding will depend on the specific opportunity; therefore, it is best to start your search as soon as possible to give yourself the best chance of succeeding.

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Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) in Biology

The PhD in Biology is a research degree requiring graduate-level coursework, completion of a dissertation, and two semesters of participation in teaching (usually as a teaching fellow in laboratory or discussion sections of lecture courses led by Biology faculty). For most students, obtaining this degree typically involves five or more years of full-time study.

A summary of Biology PhD student expectations by year can be found here . Full details can be found in the Graduate Program Guide .

The Biology Department guarantees support for five years for all PhD students, contingent on satisfactory performance in the program.

How to Apply    Frequently Asked Questions

Learning Outcomes

1. Demonstrate academic mastery in one of three areas of Biology: Ecology, Evolution, Behavior & Marine Biology; Neurobiology; or Cellular & Molecular Biology.

2. Attain research expertise , including grant writing experience, and complete original research that advances a specific field of study within one of three broad subject areas represented in the department: Ecology, Behavior, Evolution & Marine Biology; Neurobiology; or Cellular & Molecular Biology.

3. Attain teaching experience and expertise in one of three broad areas of Biology: Ecology, Behavior, Evolution & Marine Biology; Neurobiology; or Cellular & Molecular Biology.

4. Attain the skills and qualifications needed for employment in an academic, government, or private sector position related to the life sciences.

Coursework Requirements

Students must complete 64 credits with a minimum grade point average of 3.0; at least 32 of these credits must be accrued from lecture, laboratory, or seminar courses. Students with prior graduate work may be able to transfer course credits.  See the  Graduate School of Arts & Sciences (GRS) Transfer of Credits policy  for more details. 

  • 2 semesters of Progress in Research Seminars (2 credits each):

Cell & Molecular Biology:  BI 583 & BI 584 (CM section)

Ecology, Behavior, Evolution & Marine Biology:  BI 579 & BI 580

Neurobiology:   BI 583 & BI 584 (NEURO section)

  • 1 semester grant-writing course (2 credits):

Cell & Molecular Biology:  BI 581

Ecology, Behavior, Evolution & Marine Biology: BI 671

Neurobiology: BI 581

  • 1 semester pedagogy course (1 credit): All Biology PhD students take  BI 697
  • 1 quantitative course (3–4 credits): from a list of recommended courses .
  • Additional courses vary by specific track below:

Cell & Molecular Biology

1. GRS BI 791/GRS BI 792 Graduate Rotation Credits (2 credits each/4 credits total)

2. GRS BI 753 Advanced Molecular Biology  (4 credits)

3. GRS MB 721 Graduate Biochemistry  (4 credits)

4. GRS BI 735 Advanced Cell Biology  (4 credits)

5. Two electives (8 credits, 500-level and above), see the Graduate Program Guide for recommendations

6. Research credits  (remaining credits)

Ecology, Behavior, Evolution & Marine Biology

1. Six electives  (24 credits, 500-level and above), see the Graduate Program Guide for recommendations

2. Research credits  (remaining credits)

Ecology, Behavior, Evolution & Marine Biology PhD candidate coursework is highly variable. Students, in consultation with advisors, develop a plan of coursework and research. Students are required to take a minimum of 32 credits of coursework. The remainder of the credits should be research.

Neurobiology

2. GRS BI 755 Cellular and Systems Neuroscience  (4 credits)

3. GRS BI 741 Neural Systems: Functional Circuit Analysis  (4 credits)

4. Four electives  (16 credits, 500-level and above), see the Graduate Program Guide for recommendations

5. Research credits  (remaining credits)

Teaching Requirement

The department requires a minimum of two semesters of teaching as part of the Doctor of Philosophy program. During the first semester of teaching, students are required to enroll in our first-year seminar course, GRS BI 697 A Bridge to Knowledge . The course provides guidance and training on pedagogy and other aspects of graduate school.

Qualifying Examination

The qualifying examination must be completed no later than six semesters after matriculation. In most graduate curricula in the department, this consists of a research proposal—often in the form of a grant application—which the student submits to their committee and subsequently defends in an oral presentation. In the  Cell & Molecular Biology and Ecology, Behavior, Evolution & Marine Biology curricula , this is preceded by a comprehensive written examination testing the student’s general background from coursework.

Dissertation & Final Oral Examination

Candidates shall demonstrate their abilities for independent study in a dissertation representing original research or creative scholarship. A prospectus for the dissertation must be completed and approved by the readers, the Director of Graduate Studies, and the Biology Department Chair. Candidates must undergo a final oral examination in which they defend their dissertation as a valuable contribution to knowledge in their field and demonstrate a mastery of their field of specialization in relation to their dissertation. All portions of the dissertation and final oral examination must be completed as outlined in the  GRS General Requirements for the Doctor of Philosophy Degree . The results of the dissertation must be presented at a department colloquium.

Graduation Timeline

Forms and additional information about PhD graduation can be found on the GRS website .

9 – 12 months before proposed graduation date

  • Dissertation Prospectus & approval form due to Graduate Program Specialist for departmental review and submission to GRS

Semester prior to your intended graduation cycle

  • Intent to Graduate Form completed online

About 2 months before dissertation defense

  • Meet with Graduate Program Specialist, Director of Graduate Studies, and Faculty Advisor to review requirements for defense
  • Arrange for Special Service Appointments if committee members are not BU faculty
  • Send first draft of dissertation to readers

Once defense date is confirmed with committee

  • Reserve room(s) for public seminar and defense

At least three weeks prior to dissertation defense

  • Schedule of Final Oral Exam with Abstract Approval due to GRS
  • Properly formatted draft of dissertation submitted as PDF to [email protected]

At least two weeks prior to dissertation defense

  • Send dissertation to all committee members

At least one week prior to dissertation defense

  • Send program information to Graduate Program Specialist

See the Graduate Program Guide for final dates to submit dissertation to ETD

  • Submit final dissertation to ETD (online submission)
  • Complete electronic signature page and forward confirmation to Graduate Program Specialist along with a copy of your submitted dissertation

MS Degree (En Route to PhD)

Option one: A PhD student who has advanced to candidacy (as demonstrated by passing the PhD qualifying exam), and has completed 32 credits of graduate-level coursework (not including research) may apply to the Graduate School for an MS degree in Biology. This must be approved by the Director of Graduate Studies within the Biology Department. The student’s major professor will receive notification of this application process.

Option two: A PhD student who has taken, but has not advanced to candidacy based on the PhD qualifying examination, may still receive an MS degree. This student may receive a Coursework MS degree provided they have completed 32 credits of coursework (not including research credits). Alternatively, this student may receive a Scholarly Paper or Research Thesis MS degree if the written portion of the qualifying examination is adapted to ensure it is of sufficiently high quality for a MS degree, and approved by a majority of the qualifying exam committee and the Director of Graduate Studies.

Interdisciplinary Study Options

Biology PhD students have the option to participate in the Boston University Graduate Program in Urban Biogeoscience and Environmental Health (BU URBAN), the National Science Foundation Research Traineeship Program Understanding the Brain: Neurophotonics (NSF NRT UtB: Neurophotonics), and the Biogeoscience Advanced Graduate Certificate Program . These programs require separate applications in addition to the standard Biology PhD application; those interested in BU URBAN are encouraged pre-apply .

Time Limits

Officially, the PhD must be completed within seven years after the first registration for doctoral study. PhD degrees are conferred in either May, August, or January, as specified on the GRS website . In addition, the PhD candidacy expires after the fifth anniversary of passing the Qualifying Examination. Petitions to extend this deadline are possible at the discretion of the Director of Graduate Studies, the Department Chair, and the Dean of the Graduate School, and can be obtained from the Office of the Graduate School of Arts & Sciences.

The Biology Department guarantees support for five years for all PhD students, contingent on satisfactory performance in the program. PhD students are encouraged to apply for fellowships and grants at funding agencies. All domestic students should apply for NSF Graduate Research Fellowships in the Fall semester of their first or second year. 

Travel Grants may be available to assist students in their travel to professional scientific meetings; students presenting papers or posters on their research will receive first consideration.

Common Types of Funding:

Dean’s Fellowships: These are non-service fellowships allocated to first-year PhD students that do not have immediate teaching requirements.

Teaching Fellowships: These provide a stipend plus full tuition and fees for up to four full courses per semester plus a 2-credit teaching course. Teaching responsibilities usually require approximately 20 hours per week. Full or partial awards may be given.

Doctoral Research Fellowships: These awards are given to students who assist individual faculty with specific areas of research. These Research Fellowships provide a stipend and full tuition. The supervising faculty member determines the specific duties of the Research Fellow.

In addition to the above funding sources, several competitive Department awards and fellowships are available to graduate students in the Department of Biology.

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Department of Neurobiology, Physiology and Behavior

The Department of Neurobiology, Physiology and Behavior is a vibrant academic unit that investigates the fundamental processes shared by all animals. These include growth, reproduction, movement, response to stimuli, and maintenance of homeostasis. Faculty explore the highly integrated and precisely regulated physiological mechanisms underlying these vital functions. The department’s eponymous major offers students an exciting blend of hands-on labs, foundational courses in biological sciences, chemistry, mathematics, and physics and advanced topics like animal behavior, physiology of specific organ systems, developmental neurobiology, and endocrinology. Graduates pursue diverse career paths, including roles in medical professions, research and academia, and clinical settings. 

Undergraduate Programs

Graduate programs, affiliated centers.

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Center for Neuroscience

The Center for Neuroscience is dedicated to understanding all levels of brain development, function and dysfunction. These discoveries help provide the foundation for improvements in health and new therapies for disease. 

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Center for Mind and Brain

The Center for Mind and Brain (CMB) is devoted to supporting the collaborative work of world-class scientists from a broad spectrum of disciplines encompassing divergent social, biological, computational and medical perspectives.

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Joshua Cox ’23, PhD, Chemistry and Chemical Biology

Assistant director of graduate studies.

Department or Degree Program? PhD, Chemistry and Chemical Biology

What are your post-graduation plans? Assistant Director of Graduate Studies in Chemistry and Chemical Biology at Harvard University

What advice do you have for Harvard GSAS students, now that you are graduating? Learn about non-academic career paths earlier in your graduate school career. Pursuing a faculty position is NOT the only thing you can do with a PhD.

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NRT research and innovation: Advancing the understanding of complex living systems

Discoveries in biology allow the exploration of the very foundations of life, from the smallest molecules and simplest cells to entire civilizations and complex ecosystems. Biological research that bridges diverse scientific disciplines is vital to deepening the understanding of dynamic living systems and how to help them thrive. It can lead to technological breakthroughs around the most critical societal challenges — from developing innovative medicines that cure disease to improving the environmental resilience of plants for global food security.

The U.S. National Science Foundation Research Traineeship Program (NRT) is committed to supporting researchers across the country who are advancing the biological sciences. By funding innovative science, technology, engineering and mathematics graduate programs focused on cutting-edge, convergent biological research, NRT is building a new generation of biologists prepared to become leaders in a wide range of fields, including botany, ecology, neuroscience, genetics and beyond. Read about three institutions leveraging NRT to support breakthroughs in the biological sciences.

Plants3D — Discover, Design, Deploy at the University of California, Riverside

Harnessing the power and wisdom of plants holds great promise in addressing some of the greatest challenges in agriculture and biotechnology. With the planet's population rapidly expanding, biologists are seeking new ways to improve the environmental resilience of plants to increase crop production and ensure global food security. At the University of California, Riverside, the Plants3D — Discover, Design, Deploy NRT based at the Center for Plant Cell Biology has set out to provide a new generation of STEM graduate students with "the knowledge and skills to combine plant and microbial biology with engineering technologies to discover, design and deploy plant-inspired solutions" to our food security challenges.

Offering highly convergent plant science training related to food security and human health, Plants3D connects faculty and graduate students from various disciplines and departments, such as botany, genetics, biochemistry, plant pathology, engineering, computer science and beyond. In addition to in-depth, interdisciplinary coursework, the program provides the resources for trainees to pursue cutting-edge team-based research. This work fosters entrepreneurialism by encouraging trainees to translate their research discoveries into practical applications. Plants3D is committed to changing the fact that only 3% of the biotechnology workforce is Hispanic or Black by significantly expanding opportunities for minority and first-generation STEM students. This work prepares a new generation of biologists to take on careers in industry, academia and government agencies and lead crucial discoveries in agricultural biotechnology.

Synthetic Biology PhD Training Program at Northwestern University

The field of synthetic biology, which focuses on transforming existing biological organisms and redesigning them for new purposes, is ripe with possibility. Synthetic biologists are making vital research breakthroughs that touch nearly every aspect of daily life, from creating new foods and fuels using sustainable materials to inventing "smart medicines" to treat disease and improve health.

The Synthetic Biology PhD Training Program (SynBAS) NRT at Northwestern University has developed a STEM graduate program allowing trainees to explore "how biology becomes technology" and harness the power of synthetic biology. Trainees explore the principles of living systems — such as molecules, cells, organisms and communities — while drawing on lessons from chemistry, physics, biology, engineering, mathematics, business and more. This convergent approach to synthetic biology training provides unique insight into how synthesizing diverse phenomena can lead to powerful technological breakthroughs. Beyond innovative coursework, SynBAS provides trainees with career mentoring and networking connections to academia and industry, preparing them to become leaders in the synthetic biological sciences.

Data Driven Biology at the University of California, Santa Barbara

In 2021, the University of California, Santa Barbara launched the Data Driven Biology (DDB) NRT with the goal of training "a new generation of biological scientists and engineers who are able to work across disciplines to advance fundamental research in quantitative biology and bioengineering." DDB builds connections among trainees working in a wide range of fields, from electrical, computer and mechanical engineering to molecular, cellular and developmental biology. Through coursework, mentoring and hands-on "in vivo research," the program builds trainees' fluency in data analytics and experimental and modeling methods to engage in data-dense quantitative biology experiments.

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Found 31 PhD jobs

Position opening for principal investigator gibh.

Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health(GIBH), Chinese Academy of Sciences logo

  • Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
  • Competitive salary
  • Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health(GIBH), Chinese Academy of Sciences

We aim to foster cutting-edge scientific and technological advancements in the field of molecular tissue biology at the single-cell level.

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Qiushi Chair Professor

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  • Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
  • Attractive salary packages are offered, negotiable based on individual qualifications and needs.
  • Zhejiang University

Distinguished scholars with notable achievements and extensive international influence.

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ZJU 100 Young Professor

  • Competitive salary and comprehensive support in housing, research funding, and team building

Promising young scholars who can independently establish and develop a research direction.

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PhD / PostDoc Medical bioinformatics (m/f/d)

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  • Freiburg im Breisgau, Baden-Württemberg (DE)
  • For further information, please contact us
  • University of Freiburg

The Institute of Medical Bioinformatics and Systems Medicine / University of Freiburg is looking for a PhD/PostDoc Medical bioinformatics (m/w/d)

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Research Group Head, BeiGene Institute

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  • Pudong New Area, Shanghai
  • Highly competitive compensation package, and rank and salary commensurate with qualifications.
  • BeiGene Institute

A cross-disciplinary research organization where cutting-edge science and technology drive the discovery of impactful Insights

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  • 6 days left
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Seeking Global Talents, the International School of Medicine, Zhejiang University

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  • Yiwu, Zhejiang, China
  • International School of Medicine, Zhejiang University

Welcome to apply for all levels of professors based at the International School of Medicine, Zhejiang University.

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  • 20 days ago
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Career Opportunities at the Yazhouwan National Laboratory, Hainan, China

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  • Sanya, Hainan, China
  • Yazhouwan National Laboratory

YNL recruits leading scientists in agriculture: crop/animal genetics, biotech, photosynthesis, disease resistance, data analysis, and more.

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Head of ClinicalTrials.gov

  • Washington D.C. (US)
  • Commensurate with experience
  • National Library of Medicine, National Center for Biotechnology Information

National Institutes of Health (NIH) National Library of Medicine (NLM) National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) Information Engineering...

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  • 21 days ago
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Global Talent Recruitment (Scientist Positions)

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  • Beijing, China
  • Competitive salaries, which can be further negotiated for particularly outstanding individuals.
  • Changping Laboratory

Global Talent Gathering for Innovation, Changping Laboratory Recruiting Overseas High-Level Talents.

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Supervisory Bioinformatics Specialist, CTG Program Head

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  • 22 days ago
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Postdoc Research Associates in Single Cell Multi-Omics Analysis and Molecular Biology

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  • Dallas, Texas (US)
  • Highly competitive salary based on experience
  • the Department of Bioengineering, UT Dallas

The Cao Lab at UT Dallas is seeking for two highly motivated postdocs in Single Cell Multi-Omics Analysis and Molecular Biology to join us.

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Welcome Global Talents to West China Hospital/West China School of Medicine of Sichuan University

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  • Chengdu, Sichuan, China
  • West China School of Medicine/West China Hospital

Top Talents; Leading Talents; Excellent Overseas Young Talents on National level; Overseas Young Talents

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  • 25 days ago
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Applied Bioinformatics Research Scientist

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  • Tampa, Florida
  • Market competitive salary & Inclusive Benefits package - Health, Financial, & Lifestyle coverage
  • H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute

We are hiring an Applied Bioinformatics Research Scientist to identify metabolic vulnerabilities in lung cancer for therapeutic targeting.

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  • 33 days ago
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Postdocs and Research Scientists in Bioinformatics and Multi-Omics Data Science at Yale University

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  • New Haven, Connecticut
  • Compensation and benefits will be according to Yale policies.
  • The Caron Lab @ Yale University School of Medicine

TheCaronLab@Yale seeks Postdocs and Research Scientists with computational proteogenomics expertise for immunotherapy and cancer vaccine research.

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IT System Administrator (Linux & NextCloud) (f/m/d)

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  • Helmholtz Association of German Research Centres

Work group:Server Systems and Basic Services Area of research:IT - EDV Job description:Reference No. IT 2024/4The Department Server Systems and Basi

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Studentische Aushilfskraft (d/m/w) - Schwerpunkt Mechanische Konstruktion -

Area of research:IT - EDV Starting date:17.04.2024 Job description: Das GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung in Darmstadt betreibt eine der

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Working Student (all genders) for the International Cooperations

Area of research:IT - EDV Starting date:18.04.2024 Job description: GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung in Darmstadt operates one of the le

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Studentische Aushilfskraft (d/m/w) - Schwerpunkt Baukoordination

Area of research:IT - EDV Starting date:16.04.2024 Job description: Das internationale Beschleunigerzentrum FAIR (Facility for Antiproton and Ion Res

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Postdoc (w/m/d)

Area of research:Scientific / postdoctoral posts Job description:Das Helmholtz-Institut für Pharmazeutische Forschung Saarland (HIPS) erforscht neue

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Bioinformatics Scientist

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  • Milan City (IT)
  • We offer a co.co.co contract, salary commensurate with skills and working experience
  • IFOM ETS - The AIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology

Our research aims at finding new therapeutic opportunities for colorectal cancer patients

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April 17, 2024

Beyond Academia 2024 Conference Takeaways: Two Days of Career Exploration and Reflection

By Maria Almeida Reis

Beyond Academia is a non-profit founded and run by UC Berkeley graduate students, dedicated to empowering PhDs to expand their career options beyond the professoriate. This year, Beyond Academia hosted its 12th annual conference virtually on Thursday, February 22 and Friday, February 23, 2024, drawing over 2,100 registrants from more than 50 countries. Attendees included Masters students, PhD students, postdocs, and faculty members not just from the UC Berkeley campus, but from universities around the world.

The conference’s objective was to provide Berkeley graduate students an opportunity to learn about the non-academic career trajectories of people with PhDs, and to gain important insights and skills for their own career exploration and preparation. Attendees got to learn about the current state of the job market, the key transferable skills that PhDs develop in graduate school, as well as tips and best practices for starting a non-academic job search.

Both days of the conference kicked off with keynotes addresses. On Thursday, Dr. Nick Edwards, the host of the Once a Scientist podcast, delivered the STEM keynote address. In his talk, Edwards shared his personal experiences transitioning from a PhD in neuroscience to a career in management consulting, and then on to founding his own company. Dr. Katina Rogers, author of the 2020 book, Putting Your Humanities PhD to Work , delivered Friday’s keynote speech. Rogers’ address focused on how graduate students can overcome the challenges of the academic job market, as well as how universities should reimagine graduate education in order to better serve students’ professional development. 

The conference also offered over 20 industry-specific panels featuring over 100 speakers who have successfully pivoted from academia into a variety of roles across sectors. Popular panels from previous years returned, including a panel on careers in nonprofits, one on research in industry, and another on consulting careers. New panels were also introduced, including one on careers in sustainability, and another on careers for regional experts. The latter was sponsored by Berkeley’s Global, International, and Area Studies and Institute for East Asian Studies , and focused on how PhDs who have specialized in a geographic region can wield their expertise to land jobs in policy, think tanks, tech companies, and archives. 

The conference also included 10 skill-building workshops with experts in the field of professional development. Attendees learned how to improve their presentation skills with Andy Churchill , prepare for interviews with Bethany Hopkins , and navigate the job search with Gertrude Nonterah . Karen Kelsky, author of the influential book The Professor is In and founder of The Professor is Out , offered a workshop on preparing for a non-academic career. A previous keynote speaker at the Beyond Academia conference, Kelsky returned to this year’s conference to discuss the art of translating academic experience into a non-academic resume or cover letter. 

Both days wrapped up with a virtual networking session, where attendees and panelists joined breakout rooms based on the different stages of their professional development. Attendees discussed everything from their first steps into career exploration to their current job searches.

The Beyond Academia 2024 conference was the final event from the organization’s calendar of events this academic year. Earlier in the year, Beyond Academia hosted a series of other events, most notably the annual 3-part Professional Profile Clinic in November. Rosanne Lurie from QB3 hosted a session on how to leverage your LinkedIn presence. After the workshop, students met one-on-one with recruiters to receive feedback on their resumes. The next day, students were also given the opportunity to receive free professional headshots from photographers.

To learn more about Beyond Academia’s mission, as well as its future events, visit https://beyondacademia.org/ . Information about the 2025 Conference will be available on the website in Fall 2024.

About the author: Maria Almeida Reis is a PhD Candidate in the Department of History currently working as a Professional Development Liaison in the GradPro Office of the Graduate Division. Maria previously served as a co-director and the logistics lead of Beyond Academia.

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Entry-level jobs and internships from handshake.

This week’s sampling of entry-level jobs and internships from   Handshake , UConn’s e-recruiting platform managed by the Center for Career Development:

Internships

  • SoundWaters Coastal Research Internship (Fall 2024)
  • Pomperaug River Watershed Coalition Summer Intern with Dr. Marc J. Taylor
  • Horticulture Internship at Centerton Nursery

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    A PhD in biology requires a good knowledge of mathematics, statistics and biology. Besides independent research, a PhD will entail advanced training in biology and developing skills in analytical thinking. The typical entry requirements for a PhD in biology is a strong Masters degree (minimum of 2:1) in a relevant field of study.

  20. Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) in Biology

    The PhD in Biology is a research degree requiring graduate-level coursework, completion of a dissertation, and two semesters of participation in teaching (usually as a teaching fellow in laboratory or discussion sections of lecture courses led by Biology faculty). For most students, obtaining this degree typically involves five or more years of ...

  21. Biology Jobs for Recent Graduates

    Below are 25 jobs to consider as a biology graduate. For the most up-to-date salary information from Indeed, click on the salary link by each job title below: 1. Veterinary nurse. National average salary: $22,390 per year Primary duties: Veterinary nurses help veterinarians provide animals with proper medical care.

  22. The Science Careers guide to consulting careers for Ph.D. scientists

    According to the website GlassDoor.com, a junior consultant hired by BCG in the United States—most fresh Ph.D.s enter at this level—can expect to receive a starting salary of $115,000 to $145,000 annually. An entry-level associate with a master's degree can expect to start at $58,000 to $80,000.

  23. Department of Neurobiology, Physiology and Behavior

    The Department of Neurobiology, Physiology and Behavior is a vibrant academic unit that investigates the fundamental processes shared by all animals. These include growth, reproduction, movement, response to stimuli, and maintenance of homeostasis. Faculty explore the highly integrated and precisely regulated physiological mechanisms underlying these vital functions.

  24. Joshua Cox '23, PhD, Chemistry and Chemical Biology

    Assistant Director of Graduate Studies in Chemistry and Chemical Biology at Harvard University. What advice do you have for Harvard GSAS students, now that you are graduating? Learn about non-academic career paths earlier in your graduate school career. Pursuing a faculty position is NOT the only thing you can do with a PhD.

  25. NRT research and innovation: Advancing the understanding of complex

    The Synthetic Biology PhD Training Program (SynBAS) NRT at Northwestern University has developed a STEM graduate program allowing trainees to explore "how biology becomes technology" and harness the power of synthetic biology. ... Beyond innovative coursework, SynBAS provides trainees with career mentoring and networking connections to academia ...

  26. Goutham Kodakandla, Ph.D., sets sights on career in academia

    In addition to his master's in cell and molecular biology from the University of Missouri-Kansas City, he now holds a Ph.D. in molecular cell biology and neuroscience from the Rowan-Virtua School of Translational Biomedical Engineering & Sciences in the Virtua Health College of Medicine & Life Sciences. It happened at just the right time.

  27. Bioinformatician jobs

    Bioinformatician jobs. 33 PhD jobs to view and apply for now with Nature Careers ... Postdoc Research Associates in Single Cell Multi-Omics Analysis and Molecular Biology . Dallas, Texas (US)

  28. Beyond Academia 2024 Conference Takeaways: Two Days of Career

    Beyond Academia is a non-profit founded and run by UC Berkeley graduate students, dedicated to empowering PhDs to expand their career options beyond the professoriate. This year, Beyond Academia hosted its 12th annual conference virtually on Thursday, February 22 and Friday, February 23, 2024, drawing over 2,100 registrants from more than 50 countries.

  29. Students & Graduates

    Discover our exciting graduate programmes available around the world and step into a brilliant career at Airbus. Explore graduate programmes Apprentices. Gain valuable practical training with our teams across the company. Explore apprenticeships Interns & Placement Students

  30. Entry-level jobs and internships from Handshake

    This week's sampling of entry-level jobs and internships from Handshake, UConn's e-recruiting platform managed by the Center for Career Development: Internships. SoundWaters Coastal Research Internship (Fall 2024) Pomperaug River Watershed Coalition Summer Intern with Dr. Marc J. Taylor; Horticulture Internship at Centerton Nursery Entry ...