essay in marathi on corona

कोरोना व्हायरस वर मराठी निबंध: Marathi essay on Coronavirus | Essay on Coronavirus in Marathi | Short Essay on Coronavirus in Marathi.

कोरोना व्हायरस वर मराठी निबंध | Marathi essay on Coronavirus

Table of Contents

कोरोना विषाणूच्या (What is COVID-19/Coronavirus) साथीला एकूण 1 वर्ष झाले आहे आणि ते अजूनच धोकादायक बनले आहे. अशा परिस्थितीत कोरोना व्हायरस बद्दल सर्व माहिती असणे खूप महत्वाचे आहे. येथे दिलेल्या कोरोना व्हायरस वरील मराठी निबंध वाचा आणि शेअर करा.

Marathi essay on Coronavirus। Essay on Corona virus in Marathi। Short Essay on Corona virus in Marathi। कोरोना वायरस चा मराठी निबंध । कोरोना व्हायरस वर मराठी निबंध 2021

गेल्या वर्षी पासून कोरोना व्हायरस ( COVID -19 ) ने संपूर्ण जगाला वेढले आहे, तेव्हा पासून आज पर्यंत लाखो लोक या विषाणूमुळे मरण पावले आहेत. चीन मधील विषाणू एका व्यक्तीकडून दुसऱ्या व्यक्ती पर्यंत सहजपणे पसरला आहे. यामुळे सरकार कडून विविध प्रकारची खबरदारी घेतली जात आहे. त्या सोबतच कोरोना व्हायरस ची लस जास्तीत जास्त लोकांना उपलब्ध करून देण्यासाठी प्रयत्न केले जात आहेत. या जागतिक साथीच्या विषयी अधिक माहिती मिळविण्या साठी, येथे दिलेला मराठीतील कोरोना विषाणूचा निबंध वाचा. तुम्हाला कोरोना विषाणू वरील मराठी निबंध आवडत असेल तर नक्की शेअर करा. आपण आपल्या मुलांना येथे दिलेला कोरोना व्हायरस मराठी निबंध (Marathi essay on Coronavirus) देखील शिकवू शकता.

कोरोना व्हायरस वर मराठी निबंध | मराठी निबंध कोरोनाव्हायरस | मराठी मध्ये कोरोनाव्हायरस वर लघु निबंध | कोविड -१९ वर निबंध | कोरोना विषाणू 2020 वर निबंध.

कोरोना व्हायरस म्हणजेच (What is COVID-19) ही जागतिक आरोग्य संघटना किंवा डब्ल्यूएचओने (WHO) साथीचा रोग जाहीर केला आहे. मागील वर्षी संपूर्ण विषाणूने संपूर्ण जगाला वेढले आहे, आणि आत्तापर्यंत कोट्यवधी लोकांचा बळी गेला आहे. हा आजार चीन मध्ये प्रथमच 2019 मध्ये दिसला. त्यानंतर हळूहळू हा संसर्ग संपूर्ण जगात पसरला. यामुळे केवळ लोकांचा बळी गेला नाही तर बर्‍याच लोकांच्या आर्थिक स्थितीचेही मोठ्या प्रमाणात नुकसान झाले.

हे पण वाचा : मराठी माझा देश निबंध | India is my country in Marathi | माझा देश माझा स्वाभिमान निबंध

अशा प्रकारे, कोरोना व्हायरस च्या दुसर्‍या लाटामुळे, या विषाणूची लागण 2021 मध्ये वाढली आहे आणि कोरोनाची लक्षणे देखील बदलली आहेत. व्हायरस च्या संसर्गाचा फैलाव रोखण्या साठी, सर्व देशांमध्ये असंख्य नियम लागू केले गेले आहेत, ज्यामुळे लॉकडाउन लादण्यात आले आणि जनतेला बेफाम वागण्याची परवानगी दिली गेली नाही. याव्यतिरिक्त, लोकांना स्वच्छता आणि सामाजिक अंतराचे महत्त्व देखील शिकवले गेले आणि रोग प्रतिकारशक्ती मजबूत करण्यासाठी प्रोत्साहित केले गेले.

कोरोना विषाणूची लक्षणे कोणती आहेत? | Symptoms of coronavirus in Marathi | What is COVID-19 in marathi

गेल्या वर्षी पर्यंत कोरोना विषाणूच्या सामान्य लक्षणांमध्ये ताप, खोकला, अशक्तपणा, श्वासोच्छवासाची समस्या, गंध कमी होणे आणि चव कमी होणे (fever, cough, weakness, breathing problem, loss of smell and taste ) यासारख्या लक्षणांचा समावेश आहे. याशिवाय बर्‍याच लोकांमध्ये पोटात संक्रमण ही दिसून आले. तसेच, कोरोना व्हायरसच्या दुसर्‍या लाटेत ही लक्षणे लक्षणीयरीत्या बदलताना दिसून आली आणि जुन्या लक्षणांसह डोकेदुखी, डोळे लाल होणे, डोळ्यांना सूज येणे, अतिसार, त्वचा संक्रमण, शरीरावर वेदना इत्यादी लक्षणांसह बरीच नवीन लक्षणे दिसली.

कोरोना विषाणू कसा टाळायचा? | Safety Tips for Coronavirus in Marathi | What is coronavirus in marathi

कोरोना व्हायरस चा संसर्ग टाळण्यासाठी, सरकारने लागू केलेल्या नियमांचे काटेकोरपणे पालन करणे आणि स्वतःच स्वच्छता राखणे फार महत्वाचे आहे. पुढील गोष्टी लक्षात ठेवा आणि संक्रमणापासून स्वत: चे रक्षण करा.

हे पण वाचा : आरटीई महाराष्ट्र ऑनलाईन प्रवेश अर्ज | RTE Maharashtra Admission 2021 Online

• मास्क (मुखवटा) घातला पाहिजे (Wear masks.)
• कोरोना संक्रमित क्षेत्रे टाळणे. (Stay away from coronavirus-infected places.)
• सामाजिक अंतरांचे राखणे व पालन करणे. (Maintain social distancing.)
• कोणत्याही अज्ञात गोष्टीला हात लावू नका. (Avoid touching unknown surfaces.)
• सातत्याने साबण किंवा हँडवॉशने हात स्वच्छ ठेवा.(Washing hands with soap/hand wash.)
• सॅनिटायझर वापरणे आवश्यक आहे. (Use hand sanitizer.)
• शक्यतो घरी रहा. (Stay at home.)
• बाहेरचे खाणे टाळा. (Avoid food from outside.)
• आरोग्याला पोषक अन्न खा. (Eat healthy.)
• जर एखाद्याला घरात खोकला किंवा ताप असेल तर त्यांना विलगीकरणात ठेवा.(Maintain distance from anyone ill.)
• खोकला किंवा शिंकताना तोंडात रुमाल किंवा टिश्यू पेपर लावा. (Use hanky or tissue for coughing or sneezing.)

या सर्व गोष्टी विचारात घेतल्यास कोरोना व्हायरसचा संसर्ग टाळता येतो. या व्यतिरिक्त, जर तुम्हाला कोरोना व्हायरसची लक्षणे दिसली तर तुमची चाचणी करून घ्या, आणि डॉक्टरांच्या सूचने नुसार खबरदारी घ्या.

मित्रांनो, मला मनापासून आशा आहे की कोरोना व्हायरस मराठी निबंध |Marathi essay on Coronavirus याबद्दल संपूर्ण माहिती दिली आणि मला आशा आहे याबद्दल समजले असेल. तर मित्रांनो आजचा आर्टिकल मध्ये येवढेच , जर तुम्हाला काही शंका असल्यास कृपया खाली कॉमेंट मध्ये आम्हाला सांगा अम्ही ती माहिती Update करू . अशेच नवनवीन पोस्ट वाचण्या करिता आमचं ब्लॉग ला नेहमी टेक डायरी   ला Visit करा .

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सार: कोरोनाविषाणू हा विषाणूंचा एक मोठा गट आहे. त्यांच्यामुळे साध्या सर्दी-पडशापासून ते मिडल ईस्ट रेस्पिरेटरी सिंड्रोम (MERS) आणि सिव्हिअर अॅक्युट रेस्पिरेटरी सिंड्रोम (SARS) अशा अधिक गंभीर स्वरूपाचे अनेक आजार होऊ शकतात.

२०१९ साली चीनमधील वुहान प्रांतामध्ये एक नवीन प्रकारचा कोरोना विषाणू (कोविड-१९) सापडला गेला. हा नवीन प्रकारचा विषाणू याआधी कधीही माणसांमध्ये आढळला नव्हता.

हा कोर्स कोविड-१९ आणि श्वसन संबंधात उद्भवणाऱ्या इतर विषाणूंविषयी सर्वसाधारण माहिती पुरवतो आणि याचा हेतू सार्वजनिक आरोग्य संबंधित व्यावसायिक, घटना व्यवस्थापक आणि संयुक्त राष्ट्रे, आंतरराष्ट्रीय संघटना आणि एनजीओ संघटना यांच्यासाठी काम करणाऱ्या कर्मचाऱ्यांना माहिती देणे असा आहे.

या आजाराचे अधिकृत नाव काही संशोधन केल्यानंतर ठरवले गेले असल्याने कुठेही nCoV असा उल्लेख आढळल्यास त्याचा अर्थ कोविड-१९, म्हणजे अलीकडेच शोध लागलेल्या कोरोनाविषाणूंमुळे होणारा संसर्गजन्य आजार असे समजावे .

कृपया लक्षात घ्या की या कोर्सची सामग्री सध्या सर्वात अलीकडील मार्गदर्शन प्रतिबिंबित करण्यासाठी सुधारित केली जात आहे. खालील कोर्सेसमध्ये तुम्हाला विशिष्ट COVID-19-संबंधित विषयांवर अपडेट केलेली माहिती मिळू शकते: लसीकरण: COVID-19 लस चॅनल IPC उपाय: IPC साठी COVID-19 प्रतिजन जलद निदान चाचणी: 1) SARS-CoV-2 प्रतिजन जलद निदान चाचणी ; 2) SARS-CoV-2 प्रतिजन आरडीटी अंमलबजावणीसाठी मुख्य विचार

कृपया लक्षात ठेवा: हे साहित्य शेवटचे 16/12/2020 रोजी अपडेट केले गेले.

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मॉड्युल १: कोविड-१९ समवेत श्वसन संबंधात उद्भवणाऱ्या विषाणूंविषयी प्रस्तावना :, मॉड्युल २: कोविड-१९ समवेत श्वसन संबंधात उद्भवणाऱ्या विषाणूंची तपासणी: पाळत आणि प्रयोगशाळेतील तपासणी:, मॉड्युल ३: प्रयोगशाळेतील तपास:, मॉड्युल ४: जोखीम संवाद आणि सामाजिक सहभाग:, मॉड्युल ५: सामाजिक सहभाग:, मॉड्युल ६: कोविड -१९ श्वसन संबंधात उद्भवणाऱ्या विषाणूंचा प्रतिबंध आणि त्यांना प्रतिसाद:, enroll me for this course, certificate requirements.

• Gain a Record of Achievement by earning at least 80% of the maximum number of points from all graded assignments.

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• What Is The Endemic Stage Of Corona? Know The Truth About Endemic Stage Of Corona And Coming Days Situation In India

Coronavirus : भारत आता कोरोनाच्या एन्डेमिक स्थितीत, ही स्थिती नेमकी काय आहे याबाबत Who च्या मुख्य वैज्ञानिकांचा खुलासा!

जागतिक आरोग्य संघटनेने (who) भारतातील कोरोना बाबत एका गोष्टीचा खुलासा केला आहे. यामध्ये असे म्हटले जात आहे की भारत आता कोरोनाच्या स्थानिक टप्प्यावर (endemic stage) आला आहे..

एन्डेमिक स्टेज नेमकी काय आहे?

डॉ.स्वामीनाथन यांनी एन्डेमिक स्डेजचा नेमका अर्थ काय आहे हे स्पष्ट केले आहे. त्या म्हणाल्या की हा एक असा टप्पा आहे जिथे भारतात कोरोनाचा प्रसार कमी होण्याच्या किंवा मर्यादेच्या आत येण्याच्या मार्गावर आहे. तसेच भारतातील कोरोना व्हायरस (coronavirus) कमजोर झालेला असून या आजारा सोबत जगणं भारतीय लोकांनी शिकून घेतलं आहे आणि लसीकरण देखील होत असल्याने हे संभव होतंय असंही त्या म्हणाल्या. डब्ल्यूएचओच्या मुख्य शास्त्रज्ञ स्वामीनाथन यांनी भारताची लोकसंख्या, लोकांची रोगप्रतिकारक शक्ती आणि वेगवेगळ्या भागांमध्ये कोरोनाची वाढती प्रकरणे पाहता काही महत्त्वाच्या गोष्टीही सांगितल्या आहेत. त्या म्हणतात की असे होऊ शकते की देशाच्या विविध भागांमध्ये कोरोनाची स्थिती अशीच कधी चढाव तर कधी उतार या स्थितीत कायम राहू शकते.

(वाचा :- Weight loss exercises : घरच्या घरी ३० मिनिटे ‘हे’ व्यायाम केल्याने झटपट लोण्यासारखी विरघळेल पोटावरची चरबी, वाचेल जिमचा खर्च! )

अशीच कमी-जास्त होत राहतील कोरोनाची प्रकरणे

डब्ल्यूएचओच्या वरिष्ठ अधिकाऱ्यांच्या मते, भारतातील कोरोनाच्या स्थितीचे कारण त्याची व्याप्ती आणि देशाच्या विविध भागातील लोकांची रोगप्रतिकारक शक्ती आहे. एवढेच नाही तर भविष्यात कोरोनाची प्रकरणे अशीच कमी होत व वाढत राहू शकतात. याव्यतिरिक्त अधिकाऱ्यांकडून असेही म्हटले गेले आहे की, असे क्षेत्र जेथे लोक पहिल्या आणि दुसऱ्या लाटेत जिवंत राहिले किंवा ज्या भागात लसीकरण योग्य प्रकारे होऊ शकले नाही त्या भागांमध्ये पुढील काही काळात कोरोना प्रकरणांमध्ये अतिरिक्त उलाढाल किंवा धुमाकूळ दिसून येऊ शकतो. त्यामुळे भारतातील कोरोनाचा प्रसार हा बराच काळ राहणार असल्याचंही डॉ. स्वामिनाथन यांनी स्पष्ट केलं.

(वाचा :- Constipation remedies : ‘हा’ 1 पदार्थ खाल्ल्याने पोट साफ न होणं, बद्धकोष्ठता, मुळव्याध या समस्या होतील चुटकीसरशी दूर, असं खाल्ल्यास सकाळी पोट होईल झटक्यात साफ! )

एन्डेमिक व इपिडेमिक स्थितीमधील अंतर काय?

मार्च 2020 मध्ये, जागतिक आरोग्य संघटनेने (World health organization) कोविड -19 ला जागतिक महामारी घोषित केली होती. डब्ल्यूएचओने यापूर्वी एका महामारीला 'जगभरात नवीन रोगाचा प्रसार' म्हटले होते. इंटरनॅशनल इपिडेमियोलॉजी असोसिएशनच्या डिक्शनरी ऑफ इपिडेमियोलॉजीमध्ये असे म्हटले आहे की एक महामारी जी 'जगभरात किंवा खूप विस्तृत क्षेत्रात होणारी महामारी आहे, जी आंतरराष्ट्रीय सीमा ओलांडते आणि सामान्यतः मोठ्या संख्येने लोकांना आपल्या विळख्यात ओढते.' त्याचवेळी एन्डेमिक स्थिती म्हणजे विषाणू सदैव तिथेच राहतो पण कमी प्रमाणात. सोप्या भाषेत सांगायचं म्हटलं तर एन्डेमिक स्थिती अशी असते की ज्यामध्ये देशातील मोठी लोकसंख्या ही त्या व्हायरस सोबत जगायला शिकते किंवा त्यांना याची सवय होते. याच्या विरोधात इपिडेमिक स्थिती असते, ज्यामध्ये मोठ्या लोकसंख्येवर व्हायरसचा प्रादुर्भाव जास्त होत असून त्यामुळे मोठ्या नुकसानीला सामोरं जावं लागतं.

(वाचा :- Weight Loss : लठ्ठपणा व बॉडी शेप बिघडल्याने आहात चिंतीत? मग वाचा करीनाची जगप्रसिद्ध डाएटिशियन ऋजुताने दिलेली वेट लॉसवरील 'ही' महत्वाची माहिती! )

कायम किंवा भरपूर वेळासाठी लोकांमध्येच राहतो व्हायरस

युनायटेड स्टेट्स सेंटर फॉर डिसीज कंट्रोल अँड प्रिवेंशन (CDC) नुसार, जेव्हा एखादा रोग किंवा विषाणू मर्यादित क्षेत्रात पसरतो, तेव्हा हा विषाणू लोकसंख्येवर हावी होतो. अशा परिस्थितीत लोक व्हायरससह जगणे शिकतात आणि लोकांना पुन्हा पुन्हा व्हायरसची लागण होऊ लागते. एन्डेमिझम हा एक अतिशय धोकादायक टप्पा असतो. ज्यामध्ये व्हायरस कायमचा नष्ट न होता नेहमीच किंवा भरपूर काळ लोकांमध्येच राहतो.

(वाचा :- Ayurveda Health : आयुर्वेदातील ‘या’ 7 सवयी अवलंबणारी लोक कधीच होत नाहीत म्हातारी, वयाच्या 50शी नंतरही दिसतात तरूण व फिट! )

व्हायरससोबत जगणं शिकून घ्या

भारत हा एकमेव देश असा नाही ज्याने कोरोनाच्या एन्डेमिक स्थितीत प्रवेश केला आहे तर ऑस्ट्रेलिया, थायलंड आणि सिंगापूर सारखे देश देखील या यादीत समाविष्ट आहेत. हे देश आता व्हायरससह कसे जगायचे ते शिकत आहेत. तसंच येत्या सप्टेंबर महिन्याच्या मध्यावधी पर्यंत जागतिक आरोग्य संघटनेच्या वतीनं भारतीय लस कोवॅक्सिनला मान्यता मिळेल असा विश्वासही डॉ. सौम्या स्वामिनाथन यांनी व्यक्त केला आहे. द वायर या माध्यमाला दिलेल्या एका मुलाखतीतच त्यांनी हे मत व्यक्त केलं आहे. 2022 सालच्या अखेरपर्यंत भारतातील 70 टक्के जनतेचं लसीकरण पूर्ण होईल आणि आपण पुन्हा पूर्वीच्या सामान्य परिस्थितीमध्ये जगू शकू असा विश्वासही त्यांनी व्यक्त केला. कोरोनाच्या सध्याच्या आकडेवारीवरुन ही गोष्ट निश्चितच स्पष्ट होते की सध्या बूस्टर डोसची गरज नाही. सर्वप्रथम आपल्याला जगातील गरीब देशांचे पूर्णपणे लसीकरण करण्याबाबत विचार करणं गरजेचं आहे. त्यानंतरच श्रीमंत देशांच्या लसीच्या बूस्टर डोसबाबत विचार केला पाहिजे असंही डॉ. सौम्या स्वामिनाथन यांनी याआधी स्पष्ट केलं होतं.

(वाचा :- Weight Loss : वेट लॉस करणा-यांनो फळे खाताना करू नका 'ही' घोडचूक, कमी होण्याऐवजी वाढेल वजन व रक्तातील साखर सुद्धा! )

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Corona Virus Latest News, Symptoms and Information in Marathi FOLLOW

Corona virus, latest marathi news, कोरोना व्हायरस, फिल्मी : 57 दिवस मृत्यूशी झुंज देत होता 'हा' अभिनेता; म्हणाला, 'दररोज अखेरची घटका मोजत..', bollywood actor: 'हे माझं दुसरं आयुष्य आहे', असं म्हणत या अभिनेत्याने त्याच्यावर ओढावलेल्या संकटाविषयी भाष्य केलं. ..., आंतरराष्ट्रीय : "बर्ड फ्लू h5n1 हा कोरोनापेक्षा 100 पट जास्त प्राणघातक"; तज्ज्ञांनी दिला गंभीर इशारा, बर्ड फ्लू h5n1 च्या संभाव्य धोक्याबद्दल डॉक्टर आणि आरोग्य तज्ज्ञांनी चिंता व्यक्त केली आहे. आरोग्य तज्ञ म्हणतात की, हा नवीन आजार कोरोना महामारीपेक्षा 100 पट जास्त धोकादायक ठरू शकतो. ..., व्यापार : ज्येष्ठ नागरिकांची सवलत बंद करून रेल्वेने किती कोटी कमावले rti मधून धक्कादायक माहिती समोर, कोरोनामुळे देशव्यापी लॉकडाऊन जाहीर झाल्यानंतर रेल्वे मंत्रालयानं ज्येष्ठ नागरिकांना रेल्वे भाड्यात दिलेली सवलत बंद केली होती. पाहा यातून रेल्वेनं किती कोटी कमावले आहेत. ..., कोल्हापूर : कोरोना संपला तरी खर्चाचे ऑडिट सुरूच; कोल्हापुरात ‘सीपीआर’नंतर जिल्हा परिषदेत तपासणी, कागलकर हाऊसमध्ये ठिय्या ..., आरोग्य : सावधान बरं झाल्यावरही कोरोना पाठ सोडेना; वर्षभरानंतर दिसताहेत 'या' 4 समस्या, corona virus : लाँग कोविडमुळे थकवा आणि अशक्तपणामुळे लोकांमध्ये अनेक प्रकारच्या आरोग्य समस्यांची नोंद होत आहे. ..., क्राइम : सूरज चव्हाणची ८८ लाखांची मालमत्ता जप्त; 'ईडी'ने केली कारवाई, मुंबईतील फ्लॅटचाही समावेश, जप्त केलेल्या मालमत्तेत रत्नागिरी जिल्ह्यातील भूखंडाचा समावेश आहे. ..., पुणे : राज्यात एक हजार जे.एन.१ बाधित; सक्रिय रुग्ण केवळ २४६, पुण्यात संख्या सर्वाधिक, जे.एन.१ हा काेराेनाच्या आतापर्यंत सर्वाधिक प्रबळ असलेल्या ओमायक्राॅन या उपप्रकाराचाही उपप्रकार आहे ..., राजस्थान : राजस्थानचे मुख्यमंत्री भजनलाल शर्मा कोरोना पॉझिटिव्ह, ट्विटद्वारे दिली माहिती, cm bhajan lal sharma corona positive : सोशल मीडिया प्लॅटफॉर्म एक्सवरून भजनलाल शर्मा यांनी यासंदर्भात  माहिती दिली आहे.  ....

नेहमी विचारले जाणारे प्रश्न

इथे दिली जात असलेली माहिती ही आम्ही विविध विश्वसनीय संस्थांच्या संकेतस्थळांवरून एकत्रित केली आहे. यामध्ये वर्ल्ड हेल्थ आॅर्गनायझेशन, द युनायटेड स्टेट्स सेंटर फॉर डिसीज कंट्रोल अँड प्रिव्हेनशन, द मॅसेच्युसेटस स्टेट डिपार्टमेंट आॅफ पब्लिक हेल्थ, द मिनिस्ट्री आॅफ हेल्थ अँड फॅमिली वेलफेअर, भारत सरकार, द बोस्टन पब्लिक हेल्थ कमिशन आणि क्लिव्हलँड क्लिनिक या आणि अशा ख्यातीप्राप्त संकेतस्थळांचा समावेश आहे. यांतील काही माहिती या संकेतस्थळांवरून शब्दश: घेतलेली आहे, तर काही ठिकाणी ती वेगळ्या पद्धतीने लिहिली गेलेली आहे.  या सर्व संस्थांनी आणि संकेतस्थळांनी या माहितीचे संकलन, लेखन आणि संपादन यांसाठी घेतलेल्या मेहनतीचा, परिश्रमांचा आम्ही येथे साभार निर्देश करतो.

महत्त्वाच्या संज्ञा:

WHO  – वर्ल्ड हेल्थ आॅर्गनायझेशन

CDC :  – द युनायटेड स्टेट्स सेंटर फॉर डिसीज कंट्रोल अँड प्रिव्हेनशन

COVID-19  याआधी मानवामध्ये कधीही न आढळलेल्या novel  (म्हणजे नवीन) अशा कोरोना विषाणूमुळे पसरणारा COVID-19 हा नवा आजार आहे. श्वसनमार्गावरील भागात संसगार्ने सौम्य स्वरूपाचा प्रादुर्भाव घडवून आणणारे अनेक प्रकारचे कोरोना विषाणू मानवी शरीरात आढळतात. त्यामुळे श्वासनलिका, सायनस, घशाचा वरचा भाग, स्वरयंत्रात असलेली कंठातील पोकळी अशा ठिकाणी या विषाणूंचा संसर्ग होऊन किरकोळ स्वरूपाचा आजार होतो. कोवीड-१९ या शब्दात CO ही अक्षरे कोरोना या शब्दाचे लघुरूप आहेत, VI म्हणजे व्हायरस किंवा विषाणू, D म्हणजे डिसीज किंवा आजार आणि 19  हा आकडा २०१९ या वर्षाचा  निर्देश करतो.

कोवीड-१९ चा फैलाव कसा होतो?

ज्या व्यक्तींना या विषाणूचा संसर्ग झालेला आहे, अशा व्यक्तींच्या सान्निध्यात येण्याने या संसगार्चा फैलाव होतो. कोवीड-१९ चा संसर्ग झालेल्या व्यक्तीच्या नाका-तोंडातून उडणारे तुषार आणि त्यांतील छोटेछोटे थेंब या विषाणूचा फैलाव करतात. हे थेंब त्या व्यक्तीच्या निकटच्या, नेहमीच्या वापराच्या वस्तूंवर, जमिनीवर पडतात. या वस्तूंना, पृष्ठभागांना अन्य निरोगी व्यक्तीचा स्पर्श झाला आणि असा स्पर्श झालेले हात त्या व्यक्तीने आपल्या डोळ्यांना, नाकाला, तोंडाला लावले; की त्या व्यक्तीला कोवीड-१९चा संसर्ग होतो.  संसर्ग झालेल्या व्यक्तीची शिंक, खोकला, खाकरणं, जोराचा श्वासोच्छ्‌वास यांतून उडालेले सूक्ष्म तुषार आणि त्यामधले अतिसूक्ष्म थेंब अन्य व्यक्तींच्या श्वासमागार्ने शरीरात गेले, तरीही हा संर्स्ग होतो. म्हणूनच संसर्ग झालेल्या व्य्क्तीपासून किमान तीन ते सहा फूट किंवा किमान एक ते दोन मीटर अंतरावर असणे आवश्यक आहे. सामाजिक विलगीकरण ( सोशल डिस्टन्सिंग ) महत्त्वाचे आहे, ते म्हणूनच!

कोवीड-१९चा संसर्ग झाल्याची लक्षणे कोणती आहेत?

ताप, खोकला, कफ आणि श्वास घ्यायला त्रास होणे ही कोवीड-१९च्या संसगार्ची मुख्य लक्षणे आहेत. या संसगार्ने आजारी असलेल्या व्यक्तीला कमालीचा अशक्तपणा,अंगदुखी, वेदना, नाक-छाती चोंदणे, घसा खवखवणे किंवा अतिसार यांसारखी लक्षणेही जाणवू शकतात. मात्र कोवीड-१९चा संसर्ग झालेल्या काही व्यक्तींना आजाराची कोणतीही लक्षणे जाणवत नाहीत. विशेष कोणतीही काळजी न घेताही यांतील काही व्यक्ती संसर्गमुक्त होऊ शकतात. मात्र काही लोकांचे दुखणे वेगाने बळावते आणि त्यांना श्वास घ्यायला कमालीचा त्रास / वेदना होतात.

मी आजारी आहे, असे मला वाटत असेल, तर मी काय करावे?

आपण कोवीड-१९ विषाणूच्या संपर्कात आलो आहोत आणि त्यामुळे आपल्याला तापासारखी लक्षणे जाणवत आहेत, खोकला लागला आहे, कफ जाणवतो आहे किंवा श्वास घ्यायला त्रास होतो आहे, असे तुम्हांला वाटत असेल, तर तुमच्या डॉक्टरांशी त्वरित संपर्क करून त्यांचा सल्ला घ्या. तुम्ही आजारी असलात तर तुम्ही घर-बंद राहणे आणि इतरांच्या संपर्कात न येणे हे सर्वात महत्त्वाचे आहे. अशा स्व-विलगीकरणात राहून अनेक व्यक्ती यातून बऱ्या होऊ शकतात; मात्र आणिबाणीची  परिस्थिती उद्‌भवली, तर तुम्हांला वैद्यकीय मदत तत्काळ मिळणे गरजेचे आहे, हे लक्षात ठेवा.

कोवीड-१९च्या संसगार्ची लक्षणे जाणवत असल्यामुळे तुम्ही डॉक्टरांकडे / दवाखान्यात जात असाल, तर जाण्यापूर्वी संबंधितांना तशी स्पष्ट कल्पना द्या. म्हणजे तुमची तपासणी करणारे डॉक्टर्स आणि इतर वैद्यकीय सहकारी संसगार्पासून स्वत:ची काळजी घेण्याची पूर्वतयारी करू शकतील.

ज्या व्यक्तीला संसर्ग झाला असल्याची काहीही लक्षणे नाहीत, अशा व्यक्तीकडून कोवीड-१९चा फैलाव होऊ शकतो का?

ज्यांना संसर्ग झाला असल्याची लक्षणे स्पष्ट दिसत आहेत, अशा आजारी अथवा लक्षणे-दिसणाऱ्या (सिम्प्टोमॅटिक) व्यक्तींकडून कोवीड-१९ च्या फैलावाची शक्यता सर्वाधिक असते. कारण संसर्ग झालेल्या व्य्क्तीच्या शिंका, खोकला आणि खाकरण्यावेळी उडणाऱ्या सूक्ष्म तुषारांमधून या विषाणूचा फैलाव मुख्यत: होतो. मात्र एखाद्या व्यक्तमध्ये संसर्गाची  कोणतीही लक्षणे दिसण्यापूर्वीच त्या व्यक्तीद्वारे इतरांना संसर्ग होण्याची शक्यता अजिबात नाकारता येत नाही. ज्यांच्यामध्ये संसर्गाची  कोणतीही लक्षणे दिसत नाहीत, अशा व्य्क्तींनाही सामाजिक विलगीकरणाचा ( सोशल डिस्टन्सिंग) सल्ला म्हणूनच देण्यात येत आहे.

कोवीड-१९च्या संसगार्मुळे  गंभीर, गुंतागुंतीची परिस्थिती निर्माण होण्याचा सर्वाधिक धोका कुणाला आहे?

– सर्व वयोगटांचे लोक कोवीड-१९च्या संसर्गाची  शिकार होऊ शकतात. मात्र या संसगार्नंतर आधीच विविध व्याधींनी ग्रस्त असलेल्या प्रौढ व्यक्तींच्या प्रकृतीमध्ये बिघाड होऊन जीवावरची परिस्थिती निर्माण होण्याची शक्यता अधिक आहे. यामध्ये हृदयविकार, मधुमेह, फुप्फुसांचे विकारा असलेल्या व्यक्तींचा प्राधान्याने समावेश होतो. याचा अर्थ इतर व्यक्ती गंभीररीत्या आजारी पडणार नाहीत, किंवा त्यांच्या जीवाला धोका नाही, असे नाही. संसर्गाचा  धोका सर्वांनाच आहे. काहींना तो इतरांपेक्षा जास्त आहे, एवढेच!

सोशल डिस्टन्सिंग किंवा सामाजिक विलगीकरण म्हणजे काय? ते कसे करायचे?

कोणत्याही ठिकाणी, कोणत्याही वेळी दोन व्यक्तींमध्ये किमान ३ ते ६ फूट किंवा १ ते २ मिटर एवढे अंतर राखणे म्हणजे सोशल डिस्टन्सिंग किंवा सामाजिक विलगीकरण होय. या काळात कोणत्याही स्वरूपाची सार्वजनिक वाहतूक व्यवस्था वापरणे, टॅक्सी अगर राईड-शेअर यांसारख्या  सहप्रवासी असलेल्या सेवांमधून प्रवास करणे हे कटाक्षाने टाळायचे असते. शॉपिंग सेंटर्स, मॉल, भाजी मंडई, शाळा, सिनेमा-नाटकाची थिएटर्स, मंदिर-मशीद-चर्च-सायनागॉग आदि सर्वधर्मीय प्रार्थनास्थळे अशी सर्व गर्दीची  ठिकाणे टाळणे, अशा ठिकाणी कुणीही गर्दी न करणे, एकमेकांच्या निकट न जाणे; म्हणजे सोशल डिस्टन्सिंग किंवा सामाजिक विलगीकरण.

कोवीड-१९च्या संसगार्पासून पूर्ण बचावासाठी माझ्या  कुटुंबाने कोणती काळजी घेतली पाहिजे?

व्यक्तिगत स्वच्छता आणि सामाजिक विलगीकरणासह रोजच्या रोज सर्व प्रकारची काळजी सतत घेणे आणि तुमच्या कुटुंबातल्या सर्वांना ही काळजी घ्यायला लावणे ही पहिली महत्त्वाची गोष्ट. घरातील वयस्कर व्यक्ती, ज्येष्ठ नागरिक आणि आधीच कोणत्या ना कोणत्या शारीरिक व्याधीनी ग्रस्त असणारे कुटुंबीय यांनी / यांच्यासाठी अधिक काळजी घेणे अत्यंत महत्त्वाचे आहे.

१. संसर्ग झालेल्या, आजारी व्यक्तींशी निकट संपर्क टाळा.

२. तुम्ही स्वत: आजारी असाल, तर तातडीच्या वैद्यकीय मदतीखेरीज अन्य कोणत्याही कारणाने, कोणत्याही वेळी घराबाहेर पडू नका.

३. खोकला आला अगर शिंक आली, तर अशा वेळी तुमचे तोंड बाहीच्या आतल्या भागाने झाका अगर टिश्यू पेपर / रुमाल वापरा. हा टिश्यू पेपर नंतर नष्ट करा. रुमाल स्वच्छ धुवा.

४. तुमचे हात सतत आणि स्वच्छ धुवा.

नाक शिंकरणे, खोकणे, शिंकणे, लघवी अगर शौचाला जाणे या प्रत्येक वेळी.. तसेच स्वयंपाक करण्याआधी आणि काहीही खाण्या आधी तुमचे दोन्ही हात साबण लावून किमान वीस सेकंद परस्परांवर घासा आणि पाण्याने स्वच्छ धुवा.

साबण आणि पाणी नसेल, तर ज्यात किमान ६०% अल्कोहोलचे प्रमाण आहे, अशा सॅनिटायझरचा वापर करून हात स्वच्छ करा.

हात अस्वच्छ असतील तर साबण लावूनच स्वच्छ धुवा.

५. तुमच्या घरातला फोन, प्रत्येकाचे मोबाईल फोन्स, टेबल, स्वयंपाकाचा ओटा, विजेची अन्य उपकरणे आणि बटणे, दरवाजाच्या मुठी, कड्या, कोयंडे, कपाटांची हॅण्डल्स.. ज्या ज्या ठिकाणी घरातल्या व्यक्ती सतत स्पर्श करतात, ते-ते सर्व पृष्ठभाग स्वच्छ असतील आणि जंतुनाशक द्रावणाने पुसलेले असतील अशी काळजी घ्या.

 कोवीड-१९ या विषाणूचा फैलाव अन्नपदार्थांमधून होऊ शकतो का?

सर्व प्रकारचे कोरोना विषाणू हे संसर्गित व्यक्तीच्या श्वसनमागार्तून बाहेर पडणाऱ्या तुषारांमधून पसरतात, असे आजवरचे संशोधन सांगते. कोवीड-१९ या विषाणूचा फैलाव अन्नपदार्थांमधून होऊ शकतो, असे सिद्ध करणारे कोणतेही संशोधन अगर पुरेसा पुरावा आत्ता उपलब्ध नाही. अन्न तयार करणे आणि खाणे या दोन्ही कृतींच्या आधी तुमचे हात किमान वीस सेकंद साबणाच्या फेसात चोळून स्वच्छ धुणे अत्यावश्यक आहे. त्यामुळे तुमच्या अन्नाची सुरक्षितता निश्चित होईल. नाक शिंकरणे, खोकणे, शिंकणे, लघवी अगर शौचाला जाणे या प्रत्येक वेळी सतत हात धुण्याची सवय लावा.

ज्या पृष्ठभागावर कोवीड-१९ विषाणू आहे, अशा पृष्ठभागाला लागलेला हात नाक, डोळे अगर तोंड यांच्याजवळ नेल्यास संसर्ग होण्याची शक्यता आहे. मात्र संसगार्चा फैलाव होण्याचा हा प्रमुख अगर एकमेव मार्ग नाही.

एखाद्या पृष्ठभागावर पडलेला कोरोना विषाणू तिथे दीर्घकाळ जिवंत राहण्याची शक्यता फारशी नाही. त्यामुळे अन्नपदार्थांमधून संसर्गाचा  फैलाव होणे, किंवा सरासरी तापमानातल्या-शीतकरण केलेल्या पुरवठा साखळीतून काही दिवस प्रवास करत आलेली पाकिटे, बॉक्सेस यांच्याद्वारे कोरोनाचा फैलाव होण्याची शक्यता अगदीच अंधूक आहे.

ज्या ठिकाणी कोवीड-१९ चा फैलाव झालेला आहे, अशा शहरातून / ठिकाणाहून आलेले पाकीट स्वीकारणे, हाताळणे हे सुरक्षीत आहे का?

हो. कोवीड-१९चा संसर्ग झालेली व्यक्ती ते पाकीट अगर खोक्यातील वस्तू / कागद / साहित्याला संसर्गित करेल, ही शक्यता फारच धूसर आहे. ही अशी पाकीटे, पार्सले वेगवेगळी परिस्थिती आणि वेगवेगळ्या तापमानातून काही दिवस प्रवास करत पुरवठा साखळ्यांमधून पुढेपुढे पाठवली जात असतात; त्यामुळे या पार्सलांच्या पृष्ठभागावरून कोवीड-१९चा संसर्ग पसरण्याची शक्यता अगदीच धूसर आहे. मात्र अन्य व्यक्तींनी हाताळलेल्या वस्तू हाताळल्यानंतर तुम्ही तुमचे हात साबणाने स्वच्छ चोळून किमान वीस सेकंद पाण्याने धुणे अनिवार्य आहे.

कोवीड-१९चा संसर्ग झाल्याने ज्या व्यक्तीला विलगीकरणात (क्वारंटाईन) ठेवलेले आहे, अशा व्यक्तीमुळे अन्य व्यक्तींना संसर्ग होऊ शकतो का?

व्यक्तीला अगर व्यक्तींच्या समूहाला विलगीकरणात (क्व्वारंटाईन) ठेवणे म्हणजे ज्या व्यक्ती संसर्गाच्या शक्यतेमध्ये आलेल्या आहेत अशा व्यक्तींना जे लोक संसर्गाच्या नजीक/ शक्यतेत आलेले नाहीत अशांपासून वेगळे करणे/ठेवणे. संसर्गाचा फैलाव रोखणे हा विलगीकरणाचा मुख्य उद्देश आहे.  कोवीड-१९ सारख्या विषाणूचा संसर्ग झालेल्या व्यक्तीमध्ये साधारणत: चौदा दिवसांच्या काळात संसर्गाची  लक्षणे दिसू लागतात.  जी व्यक्ती संसर्गाच्या शक्यतेत आलेली आहे, अशा व्यक्तीच्या निकट संपर्कात आलेल्या व्यक्तींनीही त्यामुळेच किमान चौदा दिवसांच्या विलगीकरणात राहणे सक्तीचे असते. या काळात संबंधित व्यक्तींना संसर्ग झालेला असल्यास त्या त्यांच्या निकटच्या व्यक्तींमध्येही या संसर्गाची  लागण करू शकतात. विलगीकरणाचा हा काळ पूर्ण झाल्यावर मात्र संबंधित व्यक्तीला संसर्ग झाला असण्याची शक्यता मावळते आणि तिच्यापासून इतरांना होऊ शकणाऱ्या संसर्गाची  शक्यताही बहुतांशी संपुष्टात येते.

कोवीड-१९ साठी काही उपाय, औषध अगर लस आहे का?

सध्यातरी नाही. कोवीड-१९चा प्रतिबंध करण्यासाठी कोणतीही लस अगर संसर्ग झाल्यास त्यावर उपचार करण्यासाठी औषध अजूनतरी उपलब्ध नाही. या संसर्गामुळे  प्रकृती ढासळलेल्या रुग्णांनी वैद्यकीय मदत तत्काळ घेणे, रुग्णालयामध्ये दाखल होणे महत्त्वाचे आहे. हा संसर्ग झालेले बरेच रुग्ण त्यातून बरे होऊ शकतात.

जगभरच्या प्रयोगशाळांमधून आणि संशोधनसंस्थांमधून कोवीड-१९साठी प्रतिबंधक लस आणि औषधे तयार करण्यासाठी प्रयत्न सुरू आहेत. मात्र त्यात खात्रीलायक यश येण्यासाठी किमान १२ ते १८ महिन्यांचा काळ लागू शकतो, असे तज्ज्ञांचे मत आहे.

अधिक माहितीसाठी या संकेतस्थळावरची विस्तृत माहिती वाचा:

बोस्टन पब्लिक हेल्थ कमीशन – Boston Public Health Commission

क्लिव्हलंड क्लिनिक – Cleveland Clinic

सीडीसी : महत्त्वाचे प्रश्न आणि उत्तरे – CDC FAQs

सीडीसी : कोवीड-१९ कसा पसरतो – CDC How it Spreads

सीडीसी : गर्भावस्था आणि स्तनपान- ?- CDC Pregnancy and Breastfeeding

मॅसेच्युसेट्स डिपार्टमेन्ट आॅफ पब्लिक हेल्थ- Massachusetts Department of Public Health

आरोग्य मंत्रालय, भारत सरकार- Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India

वर्ल्ड हेल्थ आॅर्गनायझेशन- World Health Organization (WHO) FAQs

सीडीसी : लक्षणे CDC Symptom Description and Symptom Checker

इस जानकारी को हार्वर्ड चैन स्कूल ऑफ़ पब्लिक हेल्थ और दाना-फ़ार्बर कैंसर इंस्टीट्यूट (DFCI) के विश्वनाथ लैब ने दाना-फ़ार्बर / हार्वर्ड कैंसर सेंटर (DF/HCC) के हेल्थ कम्युनिकेशन कोर की मदद से क्यूरेट किया है। ये हार्वर्ड चैन या DFCI के आधिकारिक विचार नहीं हैं। किसी भी प्रश्न, टिप्पणी या सुझाव के लिए [email protected] को इ-मेल करें।

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How India is dealing with COVID-19 pandemic

Aritra ghosh.

a Environment and Sustainability Institute, University of Exeter, Penryn Campus, Cornwall, TR10 9FE, UK

Srijita Nundy

b School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea

Tapas K. Mallick

India, which has the second-largest population in the world is suffering severely from COVID-19 disease. By May 18th, India investigated ∼1 lakh (0.1million) infected cases from COVID-19, and as of 11th July the cases equalled 8 lakhs. Social distancing and lockdown rules were employed in India, which however had an additional impact on the economy, human living, and environment. Where a negative impact was observed for the economy and human life, the environment got a positive one. How India dealt and can potentially deal with these three factors during and post COVID-19 situation has been discussed here.

Graphical abstract

Graphical abstract showing World-wide distribution of COVID-19 with symptoms and precautions to be taken against coronavirus infection and India.

• • COVID-19 drastically hits the Indian economy.
• • Disease and starvation both concomitantly influenced the death of Indian.
• • Environment is the only sector that got a positive impact from COVID-19.

1. Introduction

Coronaviruses are enveloped RNA viruses, ranging from 60 nm to 140 nm in diameter with a crown-like appearance, found in mammals particularly in humans and birds. Coronaviruses are known to have mutated and recombined behaviour causing respiratory, enteric, hepatic, and neurologic diseases. Coronavirus has a total of seven strains which include HKU1, NL63, 229E and OC43, SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV-19 (COVID-19 being the latest), out of which first four had a mild impact on infested human with mild respiratory disease [ 1 , 2 ], whereas the other three caused a fatal impact on humankind. Previously in 2002–03, more than 8000 people suffered and 774 died due to SARS. In 2012, attributable to MERS-CoV, 2494 persons were infected and over 858 people lost their lives worldwide [ 3 , 4 ] and currently COVID-19 triggered 5,56,335 deaths infecting 216 countries worldwide (as of 11 th July 2020). The genomic sequence of SARS-CoV-2 is different since it was first reported because of their mutation and recombination property.

The first outbreak of COVID-19 occurred in Wuhan, Hubei Province in early Dec 2019 where several patients with viral pneumonia were found to be epidemiologically associated with the Huanan seafood market in Wuhan. This market is famous for sell of wildlife animals and several non-aquatic animals such as birds and rabbits were also on sale before the outbreak. On 30 th January 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared an outbreak, a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC) and on Feb 2020, WHO officially named this outbreak of the disease associated with the coronavirus as COVID-19 where CO-Corona, VI-Virus D- Disease, and 19–2019 is the year it primarily occurred. Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the root cause behind COVID-19 disease. SARS-CoV-2 has a 79.6% sequence match to SARS-CoV and is 96% identical to a bat-derived Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS)-like CoronaVirus [ 5 , 6 ]. Current assessments indicated that COVID-19 has a median incubation period of 3 days (range 0–24 days), with potential asymptomatic transmission [ 7 ].

It took 67 days (∼7th march) to infect 1 lakh people from COVID-19, an additional 12 days (∼19th March) to infiltrate further 1 lakh and with a third invasion taking only 4 days (∼23rd March), indicating SARS-CoV-2 to be a highly transmissive type virus. By 30th March, the number of confirmed cases has shown an exponential spike to 7.25 lakhs across the globe. COVID-19 outbreak is the sixth PHEIC (public health emergency of international concern) following H1N1 (2009), polio (2014), Ebola (2014 in West Africa), Zika (2016), and Ebola (2019 in the Democratic Republic of Congo) [ 3 ]. India which is the second-largest population in the world having a rural-based and growing-urban developing economy is also suffering severely from this COVID-19. India reached its first 1 lakh infection on18 th May 2020, and as of 11th of July crossed 8.5 lakhs.

COVID-19 not only killed people through virus incursion but also due to economic and mental collapse, where developing countries suffered from unemployment and hunger. India enforced 68 days of four-phased-lockdown starting from 24th March ∼31st May to deal with COVID-19. However, in this current scenario of the COVID-19 period, what remains unanswered is whether the virus or the hunger is prepotent in India. Thus, how India is equipped to deal with, coping with the current situation, adverse effects on the economy, human living, and environment along with various approaches undertaken to overcome this pandemic is the topic of discussion in this work.

2. Indian scenario for COVID-19

2.1. how coronavirus spread to and in india.

In the beginning, coronavirus cases in India happened due to the abroad connection rather than transmission within the country. The first three infection cases occurred on 30th January and 3rd February in Kerala as they returned from Wuhan China [ 8 ]. Within a month later on 3rd March, two more cases were reported where one patient had a travel history from Italy while the other in Hyderabad visited Dubai. On the very same day, few other cases were observed in Jaipur [ 9 ]. To control this spread, the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (MoHFW) issued travel advisory restrictions which were similar to the previous pandemics such as SARS, Ebola, and bubonic plague, including the imposition of self-quarantine rules for 14 days to all international travellers entering the country. Additionally, travel visas were restricted until 15th April for other countries [ 10 ] and on 16 th March 2020, MoHFW proposed various interventions such as social distancing of ≤ 1 m [ 11 ] to avoid/decrease the rate and extent of disease transmission in a community which eventually leads to decreasing in a spread, morbidity, and mortality due to the disease.

On 22nd March, Prime Minister Narendra Modi encouraged people to follow 14 h of Janata curfew in India [ 12 ]. On 24th March first phase of 21 days lockdown started in India [ 13 ]. Due to this lock down, mobility in grocery and pharmacy, recreation and retail, transit to station visits to parks, and workplaces reduced by 64.2%, −70.51%, −65.6%, −46.17 and −60.03% respectively [ 14 ]. Due to the growing number of infestation from COVID-19, on 14th April [ 15 ], Indian government declared an extended 2nd phase lockdown till 3rd May which was further lengthened till 17th May and later imposed till 31st May [ 14 ]. To make the lockdown and social distancing effective, India also levied the quarantine law under the Epidemic Disease Act, 1897. This 123-year-old legislation allows a state/country to inspect people traveling by railways, ships (air travel was not an option at that time when this law was created), and segregate suspects in hospitals, under temporary accommodations, or otherwise to prevent the spread of dangerous pandemic disease [ 16 ]. However, this is very trivial compared to North Korea's law where the military was imposed to enforce a quarantine [ 17 , 18 ].

Looking at the current trend in India, after the first confirmed case been reported on 30th January, the total number of confirmed patients reached 107 by 15th March, and since then, the number of positive cases is incessantly increasing. Within 15 days (15th to 30th March), confirmed cases of COVID-19 in India multiplied by 10 times. As of 30th March, India crossed more than 1071 cases with 29 deaths. Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) projected that India can reduce the cases by 62% if social distancing and proposed quarantine interventions are effectively executed. Another research revealed that India may corroborate nearly 13 lakh cases by mid-May if the spread of the virus is not contained, which however can be reduced with increased testing, obeying stringent measures, and implementing restrictions [ 19 ]. Nevertheless, in India COVID-19 cases reached 1,01,139 by 18th May. Initially, it was considered that India was dealing well with a low number of positive cases from COVID-19 because of the constricted transmission during a lockdown and social distancing [ 20 ], however, at the end of all lockdown phases, India experienced a total of 1,90,648 confirmed case including 5407 deaths due to this disease [ 21 ]. Cities like Ahmedabad, Bengaluru, Bhopal, Chennai, Delhi, Hyderabad, Indore, Jaipur, and Kolkata were identified as the COVID-19 hotspots with four major metropolitan cities accounted for nearly 40% of the COVID-19 cases in India [ 22 ]. It was speculated that the disease speeded in a higher number among children age ≤10 years and elder people diagnosed with other health issues [ 23 ]. Even though several researchers are now engaged to predict and estimate the COVID-19 cases and end of this pandemic [ [24] , [25] , [26] ], India is experiencing exponential growth in the number of COVID-19 cases. As of 11 th July 2020, India is the 3rd most COVID-19 infected country with currently 2,922,58 active cases, along with 5,34,620 patients being cured and discharged (recovery rate of 60.86%) followed by the demise of 22,674 COVID-19 infected patients. Fig. 1 shows the total infected cumulative cases in India till 11 th July 2020. The active, cured/discharged, deaths and total confirmed cases have been tabulated in Table 1 .

Cumulative total COVID-19 cases in India till 11th July 2020 [ 27 ].

Table 1

Total Covid-19 infections in different Indian states and Union Territories as of 1 st July 2020 [ 28 ].

2.2. Approaches and measure

The clinical features of COVID-19 include fever (not in all), breathing difficulty, cough, lethargy, headache, myalgia, sore throat, and conjunctivitis (also in some cases). Hence, distinguishing this disease from other respiratory infections is relentlessly challenging [ 29 , 30 ]. Presently, no successful antiviral treatment or vaccine is available for COVID-19. Patients with severe acute respiratory infection, respiratory distress, hypoxemia, or shock demands immediate oxygen therapy. As a protective measure against COVID-19 transmission, WHO instructed certain practices like through and regular washing of hands using an alcohol-based hand sanitizer or soap and water, whilst outside avoid touching eyes, nose and mouth, circumvent distance traveling or crowd gathering and, encouraged breastfeeding babies to enhance immunity.

The Indian government (central and state level) is working intensely to minimalize the number of cases and consequences daily and is taking all necessary steps to combat the challenges and threat posed by this growing invisible pandemic war involving public, medical association, nurses, NGOs, police forces, including paramilitary. Earnest efforts of all the frontline workers especially medical doctors, nurses, healthcare staff, sanitation workers, police personnel, volunteers, and active support and obedience of people of India has been the only possible reason owing to the control and treatment of pandemic. Additionally, to treat/stop this COVID-19 infection there is a pressing need to handle this battle at a scientifically advanced level. Indian government got critically involved with the COVID-19 outbreak and started scanning every person. Currently, the testing facility includes Real-time PCR test, Point-of-Care molecular diagnostic assays, rapid antibody test (suitable for surveillance as the results come after 7–10 days of the pandemic infection) and point of care rapid antigen detection test for early detection of COVID-19 [ [31] , [32] , [33] , [34] , [35] , [36] ]. Starting from less than 100 tests per day, on 18th May India reached a 2,00,000 test landmark in its fight against COVID-19. This 2000 fold increase became achievable with cooperation from airlines, railways, medical colleges, ministries, postal services, research institutions, and testing laboratories. In January 2020, India had a single laboratory testing for COVID-19, at the Indian Council of Medical Research's National Institute of Virology, Pune and on 20th May 555 laboratories were set up across the country and currently, there are 1105 operational labs (788 govt labs and 317 private labs) to deal with COVID-19 cases [ 37 ]. Cumulatively 1,15,87,153 samples are tested so far and 2,80,151 as on 11 th July 2020 [ 38 ]. Additionally, over 2.02 crore N95 masks and 1.18 crore PPE kits are distributed in Indian states and UTs for free since 1st April. India launched ‘ArogyaSetu’ mobile application for tracking the movements.

With no vaccine or antiviral drug available against SARS-CoV-2, Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) is being advised as chemoprophylaxis drug for asymptomatic healthcare personnel handling COVID-19 cases, frontline workers, and asymptomatic contacts of the confirmed cases while hydroxychloroquine-azithromycin combination is recommended for patients with serious sickness [ 39 ]. However, Indian Heart Rhythm Society recommends the use of HCQ as per the ICMR task force recommendations and strongly discourages its use for the general public without medical supervision and prescription [ 40 ]. Also, ICMR advised to conduct ECG palpitations, chest pain syncope) during the course of prophylaxis [ 41 ]. More than 6.12 crore HCQ tablets have been provided to states/UTs. Although the development and clinical trial of drugs is an ongoing process, the MoHFW, India stated that ≥1.5–2 years can be required for the development of a vaccine. Recently, Bharat Biotech International Ltd. in collaboration with ICMR – National Institute of Virology, Pune developed one COVID-19 vaccine. To investigate it more in-depth scrutiny, phase 1 and 2 clinical trials are permitted by the Drugs Controller General of India [ 42 ]. Even though the clinical trials of plasma therapy have been commenced by ICMR [ 43 ], the director general of ICMR advised that it’s too early to give green signals for the success of this treatment as the number of patients involved in this treatment is still comparably insignificant. A drug can only be considered gold standard if the trial when conducted randomly shows a significant positive result from half of the tested patients treated using the experimental drug over the other half, not treated with the experimental drug [ 44 ].

Ministry of AYUSH made recommendations based on Ayurvedic literature and scientific publications for preventive measures and boosting immunity with special references to respiratory health. Medicinal plants such as Tinospora cordifolia (for chronic fever), Andrographis paniculate (for fever and cold), Cydonia oblonga Zizyphus jujube Cordia myxa (Antioxidant for immune-modulatory, anti-allergic, smooth muscle relaxant and anti-influenza activity), Arsenicum album 30 (for Effective against SARS-CoV-2, immune-modulator), Agastya Haritaki (Upper respiratory infections), Anuthaila, Adathodai Manapagu, Bryonia alba, Rhus toxico dendron, Atropa belladonna, Bignonia sempervirens, and Eupatorium perfoliatum because of their antiviral, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, was considered and recommended to be favourable for the COVID-19 treatment and boosting immunity [ 45 ]. Ministry of AYUSH advised few health care measures and self-care guidelines for enhancing immunity (to fight against COVID-19) with ayurvedic procedures, like drinking warm water throughout the day, regular practice of Yogasana, Pranayama and meditation for at least 30 min, intake of spices like Haldi (Turmeric), Jeera (Cumin), Dhaniya (Coriander) and Lahsun (Garlic), drinking herbal tea/decoction (Kadha) made from Tulsi (Basil), Dalchini (Cinnamon), Kalimirch (Black pepper), Shunthi (Dry Ginger) and Munakka (Raisin) - once or twice a day, application of sesame/oil/coconut oil in the nostrils every morning/evening, oil pulling therapy, intake of chavanprash (10 gm/day), Golden Milk- Half teaspoon Haldi (turmeric) powder in 150 ml hot milk - once or twice a day, etc. Additionally, steam inhalation with fresh pudina, clove powder with honey can be taken to fight against dry cough/sore throat [ 46 ].

2.3. Indian economy due to COVID-19 (negative)

Indian economy, a developing market has already been in a crisis phase since last year when its economy reduced to 4.9% (in 2019) being the least since 2013. The primary reason for this downfall was Demonetisation in November 2016 which made 86% of the money in the economy unusable overnight [ 47 ]. This created a great negative impact on the growth of the industry e.g. demand for vehicles sale in India was low last year particularly the motorcycle which is a very attractive mode of transportation in rural India. Tourism is one of the most powerful sectors worldwide and India is no different. India ranked 34th among the 140 economies over the world in 2019. In 2018–2019 more than 10 million foreign tourists visited India and contributed an enormous amount into the Indian economy [ 48 , 49 ].

The day Prime Minister Narendra Modi first declared the 21 days of lockdown he also warned that this lockdown will have a negative economic impact and we have to pay the price for it. The All India Association of Industries (AIAI) estimated loss for Indian economy slated to be $640 million with growth slated to be between 5 and 5.6% till 2022 [ 50 , 51 ]. After the first lockdown phase, within 7 days, electricity demand reduced to 30%, traffic in port became 5% less, oil demand lessened by 70%, and Indian rail activity was below 36% compared to last year [ 47 ]. The unemployment rate increased to 19% after a month of lockdown and overall unemployment was 26% across India by 24th April. Hence, the lockdown has a havoc impact on small, medium, and large enterprises of the country, which led to no job and economic downturn condition [ 52 ].

Swiggy and Zomato, two key food delivery players already started laying off the employees [ 53 ]. Previously they both used to handle over a million orders a day across more than 300 cities. The tourism sector also expected to have 70% job losses [ 54 ]. Likewise, India has an economy where a large section of people depends on the daily wages e.g. autorickshaw drivers, carpenters, delivery boys, domestic laborers, scrap or waste collectors, tea girls, vegetable vendors, and waiters. Unaware of the end to this pandemic COVID-19 and restricted lockdown scenarios, returning to its pre-lockdown stage will take time. For 2020, the tourism industry and air travel are expected to suffer greatly, and India's GDP growth is expected to decline ∼2.5% from 5.3%.

However, complete lockdown in China can open a new place for the Indian economy as senior industrialists from India are hoping that India can be the new manufacturing hub for the world [ 55 ] nonetheless India needs to improve on the raw material sector otherwise this fact will not be a reality. India can take advantage particularly in the pharma industry, where India depends on 70% pharmaceutical ingredients [ 56 ]. Also, oil price reduced a lot from $68/barrel (on 3rd Jan) to $28.2/barrel (20th March) and India should take the advantages to buy them and store for future use as currently, the demand is low [ 57 ]. Even though there were huge economic losses due to lockdown but the government had no choice [ 58 ]. To stir up the economy Indian government is spending a $266 billion package which can improve 4% of the GDP [ 59 ]. These are a few measures but still not enough to reach India's previous growth of GDP.

2.4. Indian lifestyle, human life due to COVID-19 (negative)

Life in India includes urban and rural and they both got impacted by COVID-19. The disease in transmission was previously epicentre in all the major metro and capital cities of Indian states. However, both people from rural and urban sectors face a real traumatized situation. COVID-19 has created a negative impact on human life also. First to tame the COVID- 19 transmission, locked down and social distancing measure was taken. From 24th March, 1.3 billion people were in lockdown situations in India. Social distancing, advised in India, is difficult to follow for the urban poor who lives in slums or closed and small places. Mumbai (18.93° N, 72.83° E), the capital of Maharashtra state also known as the business centre of India is renowned for its large number of slums. It is estimated that 9 million people live in Mumbai slums where houses are fairly 10 ft by 10 ft and under such conditions obeying social distancing is a questionable issue [ 60 ]. In return, it can also be seen that in India number of COVID-19 cases are maximum in Maharashtra (37,136 cases by 20th May; 75995 cases by 1st July) and particularly high in the city [ 28 ]. In reality, social distancing is an oxymoron in such India's scenario [ 61 ].

Additionally, sudden lockdown enforcement on 24 th March 2020, forced millions of migrant workers to undergo an uncertain future without family, food, and job. Usually, more than 50 million people migrated from Assam, Bihar, Madhya Pradesh, Odisha, Punjab, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, and West Bengal to Maharashtra and Delhi for work. Due to lockdown, these people were forced to move out of their cities and return to their homes in the countryside [ 62 ]. In the absence of transport facilities, workers with infants, pregnant women, and the elderly were forced to walk on foot [ 63 ]. Hence, India experienced the second-largest reverse mass in its history after the Partition of India in 1947. Prominent psychosocial issues are expected among migrants for pandemic COVID-19 and lockdown [ 64 , 64 , 65 ].

Additional directives for workplaces like work from home (WfH) were advised in India which is however suitable only for urban upper- and middle-class people and is challenging for the rural agriculture-based population. Also, India still lacks places with the facility of computers and the internet, and hence these WfH is a challenge [ 66 ]. The Indian IT industry with primarily call-centres and knowledge process outsourcing were not ready for the lockdown and WfH situation [ 67 ]. However, a 60% hike of Wi-Fi network equipment, e.g. routers and mobile hotspot dongles demand were observed in India during the COVID-19 lockdown and WfH scenario causing a little boost up to the telecom industry.

Parallelly, the education system is also currently at a halt due to COVID-19 in India. During this lockdown period, the educational institutions were closed which hampered the overall teaching-learning process and education system due to the unavailability of online and computer systems among all the students in rural India owing to the disparity of economic condition. However, accessibility of android mobile and 4G connection, mobile phones in the urban sector of India [ 68 ], resulted in running schools online, where rural sections remained deprived of education.

Medical facilities faced critical time in India. Under the normal scenario, available beds per 10,000 people were 3.2 for rural and 11.9 for urban [ 69 , 70 ] which had to increase to accommodate COVID-19 patients. Because of the busy schedule for COVID-19 cases, some disruption and discrepancies were observed for the other treatments. Little difficulties occurred for running the children vaccination program for tuberculosis, meningitis, pneumonia, whooping cough, tetanus, hepatitis B, and diphtheria [ 71 ]. For adults, disruption of kidney dialysis, chemotherapy services were also noticed [ 72 , 73 ]. Tuberculosis (TB) still possesses the highest level of burden in India which generally occurs due to malnutrition associated with poverty. Lockdown cases had a great increasing impact on the TB cases while they are also vulnerable to COVID-19 infection [ 74 ]. Nevertheless, to manage the COVID-19 cases, colleges, hotels, railway train coaches, were converted into quarantine facilities while stadiums were converted into isolation wards.

Isolation, fear, uncertainty, economic turmoil is namely a few issues that can greatly cause psychological distress among humans due to COVID-19 [ 75 ]. In India poverty, starvation, hunger is still an issue that will be escalated due to COVID-19. Mass unemployment is likely to create frustration and drive people to chronic stress, anxiety, depression, alcohol dependence, and self-harm. In the 2008 economic crisis, 10,000 “economic suicides” cases were reported across the US, Canada, and Europe, due to the financial crisis. For a country with the highest number of poor and malnourished, and individuals with depression and anxiety, India reported 1,34,516 suicides in 2018. Reportedly on 12 th Feb 2020, a 50-year-old man diagnosed with a viral illness had a constant fear of getting infected by COVID-19 and this led him to commit suicide [ 76 ]. From 19th March to 2nd May, 338 deaths were reported due to lockdown which includes suicides arising due to fear from corona, self-isolation, starvation, and financial distress [ 77 , 78 ]. Further, suicide cases were registered for the reason of banning alcohol [ 79 ] during the lockdown period [ 80 ]. Impact of lockdown on orthopaedic surgeons in India (611 orthopaedic surgeons from 140 cities in India participated in this survey) was conducted and it was found that 22.5% of surgeons faced stressed while 40.5% faced mild stress [ 81 ]. Further staying at home during the lockdown, caused poor physical activity and unhealthy food habits which in turn generates weight gain, diabetes and increases the risk of developing cardiovascular disease [ 82 , 82 , 83 , 83 ].

Comparably some positive health issues were also observed. During the analysis performed using 100 registered patients from MV Hospital for Diabetes, Diabetes Research Centre, Chennai, it was observed that among 92% of the participants who have Type 2 diabetes, 80% of patients followed a routine lifestyle and controlled diet during the lockdown period while 40% of the participants were anxious for COVID-19 infection [ 84 ]. Another probably positive side of the lockdown is people are now staying home and have time for family, which is only legitimate with economically stable families [ 85 ].

2.5. Indian overall environment scenario (Positive)

Air pollution in India is severe and has an adverse impact on human health causing more than 3,50,000 new cases of childhood asthma and 16,000 premature death every year [ 86 ]. This is due to the presence of NO 2 and particulate matter in the range of 2.5–10 μm diameter in the air generated from fossil fuel burning and primarily from the transport sector in India. Due to lockdown, air flight, and every possible mode of transportation, along with industries, which are the primary sources of air pollution were ceased. Hence an improved air quality was visible [ 87 , 87 , 88 , 88 ].

Probably environment is the only sector that got an immensely positive impact form this COVID-19 scenario [ 89 ]. International energy agency reported that global coal use was 8% lower in the first quarter in 2020.

This Fig. 2 shows the Copernicus Sentinel-5P satellite of India before and after lock-down and also the previous year. A considerable amount of reduction in nitrogen dioxide concentrations reduction was observed. Delhi and Mumbai had a 40–50% NO 2 emission reduction compared to the previous year. The electricity consumption level declined by up to 9.2% while vital industrial states Tamil Nadu and Maharashtra faced a 5% reduction in electricity consumption during the end of March 2020. Several cities in Gujarat (Ahmedabad, Rajkot, Vadodara, and Surat) are equipped with power plants, transportation, outdoor waste incineration, construction, and brick kilns resulting poor air quality, also recorded a 30% power consumption decline due to lock-down [ 90 , 91 ] along with a 34–75% reduction of particulate matter, SO2, NO2, and CO, was between which enhanced the air quality index [ 92 ]. In India, coal-fired power generation was 15% less in March and 30% less in April [ 93 ]. Except for two units at Dadri Power Plant, all other coal-based power plants within a 300 km radius of Delhi (Haryana, Punjab, and Uttar Pradesh) were shut down due to low demand. Because of the locked down in March, total fossil fuel consumption reduced to 18% compared to last year's March [ 86 ]. The first phase-locked down showed that air quality particularly the reduction of NO 2 . Delhi the capital of India which experienced air quality index up to 900, now air quality index below 20, because of the absence of 11 million registered cars from the road. The reduction of PM 2.5 was alarming in Delhi [ 94 ]. Dwarka river basin of Eastern India is highly polluted because of stone quarrying and crushing. During the lockdown period, it was found that the maximum PM10 concentration reduced from 278 μg/m3 (pre lockdown) to 50–60 μg/m3 after 18 days of the lockdown in that area. An improvement in the quality of the Yamuna river (concentrations of pH, EC, dissolved oxygen, biological oxygen demand, and chemical oxygen demand reduced by 1–10%, 33–66%, 51%, 45–90%, and 33–82% respectively) was also observed due to the shutting down of the Delhi-NCR industries, which mostly discharged the wastes and the toxic effluents into the river (vice-chairman of Delhi Jal Board Raghav Chadha. S) [ 95 ]. The surface temperature was reduced by 3–5 °C while the noise level dropped to <65dBA from above 85dBA [ 96 ]. Further, water quality of river Ganga was also improved during lockdown conditions [ 97 ]. Critically endangered, South Asian River Ganges Dolphins also were spotted back in the Ganga river after 30 years. Tens of thousands of flamingos have gathered in the city of Navi Mumbai. The birds normally migrate to the area every year, but residents have reported that this year they have seen a massive increase in their numbers. The Uttarakhand Pollution Control Board also reported that the Water from Har-ki-Pauri in Haridwar is 'fit for drinking after chlorination', which is due to the absence of industrial drainage waste into the river [ 98 ].

Nitrogen dioxide emission before and after a lockdown in India [ 90 ].

3. Discussion

India is still struggling and not sure when the peak will come. Researchers are involved to create theories and forecasting models [ 99 , 100 ]. It is certain that during the first phase of lockdown COVID-19 infected cases were under controlled [ 101 ]. Because of the population and population density lockdown was needed [ 102 ]. It should be mentioned that the People of India followed the Government prescribed rules and were knowledgeable about the drastic impact of COVID-19 hence tried to abide by the regulations [ 103 , 104 ]. Lockdown reduced the transmission and several countries got success from it. By the first week of March 2020, several countries like China, Italy, Spain, and Australia were fighting with the COVID-19 pandemic by taking strict measures like nationwide lockdown or by cordoning off the areas that were suspected of having risks of community spread [ 105 ].

India is currently facing dreadful impact from COVID-19 and due to its combined fear and lockdown scenario, a majority of Indians will face unemployment which will trigger them towards hunger issues, poverty, and mental illness. Even though it is still not clear whether coronavirus or hunger is prepotent to which Indians are exposed every day. So far it is clear that COVID-19 created a mixed impact on society including the economy, lifestyle, and environment. It is hard to imagine that the traumatic experiences of the COVID-19 pandemic will be forgotten quickly or disappear entirely over time. Lack of trust may grow between the citizen and the institution body. There is no space to celebrate or follow any model as there is a chance of the second wave.

There is a probable chance to have the second wave of COVID-19 and if that occurs India will suffer in huge from every aspect [ 106 ]. Previously in 2009, HIN1 influenzas flu and 1918 influenza pandemic both had the second wave, and that was more drastic than the first one [ 107 ]. In another study, it was predicted that India may see 2.87 lakh cases per day by the end of 2021 [ 108 ].

4. Conclusion

Thus, how India is the topic of discussion in this work. In this work, how India is equipped to deal with an increasing number of COVID-19 cases, coping with the current situation such as adverse effects on the economy, human living, and environment during the COVID-19 lockdown period along with various approaches undertaken to overcome this pandemic is discussed. Three segments were emphasized here: the economy, human life, and environment. It is evident that while the first two have a negative impact due to corona, the environment has an immensely positive impact. However, it's a big question for India that whether COVID-19 or hunger is the real issue now? As for the COVID-19 Indian economy is at a halt, thereby the unemployment number will be increasing in the future. Also, without proper vaccination, containing COVID-19 cases is a real challenge.

Authors contribution

Conceptualization: A.G.; Data curation: A.G.; Investigation; AG, SN; Project administration: AG,TM; Resources:AG,SN,TM; Supervision: AG, Roles/Writing - original draft: AG; Writing - review & editing: AG,SN,TM.

This work did not receive any specific grant.

Declaration of competing interest

The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

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Covid 19 Essay in English

Essay on Covid -19: In a very short amount of time, coronavirus has spread globally. It has had an enormous impact on people's lives, economy, and societies all around the world, affecting every country. Governments have had to take severe measures to try and contain the pandemic. The virus has altered our way of life in many ways, including its effects on our health and our economy. Here are a few sample essays on ‘CoronaVirus’.

100 Words Essay on Covid 19

200 words essay on covid 19, 500 words essay on covid 19.

COVID-19 or Corona Virus is a novel coronavirus that was first identified in 2019. It is similar to other coronaviruses, such as SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, but it is more contagious and has caused more severe respiratory illness in people who have been infected. The novel coronavirus became a global pandemic in a very short period of time. It has affected lives, economies and societies across the world, leaving no country untouched. The virus has caused governments to take drastic measures to try and contain it. From health implications to economic and social ramifications, COVID-19 impacted every part of our lives. It has been more than 2 years since the pandemic hit and the world is still recovering from its effects.

Since the outbreak of COVID-19, the world has been impacted in a number of ways. For one, the global economy has taken a hit as businesses have been forced to close their doors. This has led to widespread job losses and an increase in poverty levels around the world. Additionally, countries have had to impose strict travel restrictions in an attempt to contain the virus, which has resulted in a decrease in tourism and international trade. Furthermore, the pandemic has put immense pressure on healthcare systems globally, as hospitals have been overwhelmed with patients suffering from the virus. Lastly, the outbreak has led to a general feeling of anxiety and uncertainty, as people are fearful of contracting the disease.

My Experience of COVID-19

I still remember how abruptly colleges and schools shut down in March 2020. I was a college student at that time and I was under the impression that everything would go back to normal in a few weeks. I could not have been more wrong. The situation only got worse every week and the government had to impose a lockdown. There were so many restrictions in place. For example, we had to wear face masks whenever we left the house, and we could only go out for essential errands. Restaurants and shops were only allowed to operate at take-out capacity, and many businesses were shut down.

In the current scenario, coronavirus is dominating all aspects of our lives. The coronavirus pandemic has wreaked havoc upon people’s lives, altering the way we live and work in a very short amount of time. It has revolutionised how we think about health care, education, and even social interaction. This virus has had long-term implications on our society, including its impact on mental health, economic stability, and global politics. But we as individuals can help to mitigate these effects by taking personal responsibility to protect themselves and those around them from infection.

Effects of CoronaVirus on Education

The outbreak of coronavirus has had a significant impact on education systems around the world. In China, where the virus originated, all schools and universities were closed for several weeks in an effort to contain the spread of the disease. Many other countries have followed suit, either closing schools altogether or suspending classes for a period of time.

This has resulted in a major disruption to the education of millions of students. Some have been able to continue their studies online, but many have not had access to the internet or have not been able to afford the costs associated with it. This has led to a widening of the digital divide between those who can afford to continue their education online and those who cannot.

The closure of schools has also had a negative impact on the mental health of many students. With no face-to-face contact with friends and teachers, some students have felt isolated and anxious. This has been compounded by the worry and uncertainty surrounding the virus itself.

The situation with coronavirus has improved and schools have been reopened but students are still catching up with the gap of 2 years that the pandemic created. In the meantime, governments and educational institutions are working together to find ways to support students and ensure that they are able to continue their education despite these difficult circumstances.

Effects of CoronaVirus on Economy

The outbreak of the coronavirus has had a significant impact on the global economy. The virus, which originated in China, has spread to over two hundred countries, resulting in widespread panic and a decrease in global trade. As a result of the outbreak, many businesses have been forced to close their doors, leading to a rise in unemployment. In addition, the stock market has taken a severe hit.

Effects of CoronaVirus on Health

The effects that coronavirus has on one's health are still being studied and researched as the virus continues to spread throughout the world. However, some of the potential effects on health that have been observed thus far include respiratory problems, fever, and coughing. In severe cases, pneumonia, kidney failure, and death can occur. It is important for people who think they may have been exposed to the virus to seek medical attention immediately so that they can be treated properly and avoid any serious complications. There is no specific cure or treatment for coronavirus at this time, but there are ways to help ease symptoms and prevent the virus from spreading.

Explore Career Options (By Industry)

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Data Administrator

Database professionals use software to store and organise data such as financial information, and customer shipping records. Individuals who opt for a career as data administrators ensure that data is available for users and secured from unauthorised sales. DB administrators may work in various types of industries. It may involve computer systems design, service firms, insurance companies, banks and hospitals.

Bio Medical Engineer

The field of biomedical engineering opens up a universe of expert chances. An Individual in the biomedical engineering career path work in the field of engineering as well as medicine, in order to find out solutions to common problems of the two fields. The biomedical engineering job opportunities are to collaborate with doctors and researchers to develop medical systems, equipment, or devices that can solve clinical problems. Here we will be discussing jobs after biomedical engineering, how to get a job in biomedical engineering, biomedical engineering scope, and salary. 

Ethical Hacker

A career as ethical hacker involves various challenges and provides lucrative opportunities in the digital era where every giant business and startup owns its cyberspace on the world wide web. Individuals in the ethical hacker career path try to find the vulnerabilities in the cyber system to get its authority. If he or she succeeds in it then he or she gets its illegal authority. Individuals in the ethical hacker career path then steal information or delete the file that could affect the business, functioning, or services of the organization.

GIS officer work on various GIS software to conduct a study and gather spatial and non-spatial information. GIS experts update the GIS data and maintain it. The databases include aerial or satellite imagery, latitudinal and longitudinal coordinates, and manually digitized images of maps. In a career as GIS expert, one is responsible for creating online and mobile maps.

Data Analyst

The invention of the database has given fresh breath to the people involved in the data analytics career path. Analysis refers to splitting up a whole into its individual components for individual analysis. Data analysis is a method through which raw data are processed and transformed into information that would be beneficial for user strategic thinking.

Data are collected and examined to respond to questions, evaluate hypotheses or contradict theories. It is a tool for analyzing, transforming, modeling, and arranging data with useful knowledge, to assist in decision-making and methods, encompassing various strategies, and is used in different fields of business, research, and social science.

Geothermal Engineer

Individuals who opt for a career as geothermal engineers are the professionals involved in the processing of geothermal energy. The responsibilities of geothermal engineers may vary depending on the workplace location. Those who work in fields design facilities to process and distribute geothermal energy. They oversee the functioning of machinery used in the field.

Database Architect

If you are intrigued by the programming world and are interested in developing communications networks then a career as database architect may be a good option for you. Data architect roles and responsibilities include building design models for data communication networks. Wide Area Networks (WANs), local area networks (LANs), and intranets are included in the database networks. It is expected that database architects will have in-depth knowledge of a company's business to develop a network to fulfil the requirements of the organisation. Stay tuned as we look at the larger picture and give you more information on what is db architecture, why you should pursue database architecture, what to expect from such a degree and what your job opportunities will be after graduation. Here, we will be discussing how to become a data architect. Students can visit NIT Trichy , IIT Kharagpur , JMI New Delhi . 

Remote Sensing Technician

Individuals who opt for a career as a remote sensing technician possess unique personalities. Remote sensing analysts seem to be rational human beings, they are strong, independent, persistent, sincere, realistic and resourceful. Some of them are analytical as well, which means they are intelligent, introspective and inquisitive. 

Remote sensing scientists use remote sensing technology to support scientists in fields such as community planning, flight planning or the management of natural resources. Analysing data collected from aircraft, satellites or ground-based platforms using statistical analysis software, image analysis software or Geographic Information Systems (GIS) is a significant part of their work. Do you want to learn how to become remote sensing technician? There's no need to be concerned; we've devised a simple remote sensing technician career path for you. Scroll through the pages and read.

Budget Analyst

Budget analysis, in a nutshell, entails thoroughly analyzing the details of a financial budget. The budget analysis aims to better understand and manage revenue. Budget analysts assist in the achievement of financial targets, the preservation of profitability, and the pursuit of long-term growth for a business. Budget analysts generally have a bachelor's degree in accounting, finance, economics, or a closely related field. Knowledge of Financial Management is of prime importance in this career.

Underwriter

An underwriter is a person who assesses and evaluates the risk of insurance in his or her field like mortgage, loan, health policy, investment, and so on and so forth. The underwriter career path does involve risks as analysing the risks means finding out if there is a way for the insurance underwriter jobs to recover the money from its clients. If the risk turns out to be too much for the company then in the future it is an underwriter who will be held accountable for it. Therefore, one must carry out his or her job with a lot of attention and diligence.

Finance Executive

Product manager.

A Product Manager is a professional responsible for product planning and marketing. He or she manages the product throughout the Product Life Cycle, gathering and prioritising the product. A product manager job description includes defining the product vision and working closely with team members of other departments to deliver winning products.  

Operations Manager

Individuals in the operations manager jobs are responsible for ensuring the efficiency of each department to acquire its optimal goal. They plan the use of resources and distribution of materials. The operations manager's job description includes managing budgets, negotiating contracts, and performing administrative tasks.

Stock Analyst

Individuals who opt for a career as a stock analyst examine the company's investments makes decisions and keep track of financial securities. The nature of such investments will differ from one business to the next. Individuals in the stock analyst career use data mining to forecast a company's profits and revenues, advise clients on whether to buy or sell, participate in seminars, and discussing financial matters with executives and evaluate annual reports.

A Researcher is a professional who is responsible for collecting data and information by reviewing the literature and conducting experiments and surveys. He or she uses various methodological processes to provide accurate data and information that is utilised by academicians and other industry professionals. Here, we will discuss what is a researcher, the researcher's salary, types of researchers.

Welding Engineer

Welding Engineer Job Description: A Welding Engineer work involves managing welding projects and supervising welding teams. He or she is responsible for reviewing welding procedures, processes and documentation. A career as Welding Engineer involves conducting failure analyses and causes on welding issues. 

Transportation Planner

A career as Transportation Planner requires technical application of science and technology in engineering, particularly the concepts, equipment and technologies involved in the production of products and services. In fields like land use, infrastructure review, ecological standards and street design, he or she considers issues of health, environment and performance. A Transportation Planner assigns resources for implementing and designing programmes. He or she is responsible for assessing needs, preparing plans and forecasts and compliance with regulations.

Environmental Engineer

Individuals who opt for a career as an environmental engineer are construction professionals who utilise the skills and knowledge of biology, soil science, chemistry and the concept of engineering to design and develop projects that serve as solutions to various environmental problems. 

Safety Manager

A Safety Manager is a professional responsible for employee’s safety at work. He or she plans, implements and oversees the company’s employee safety. A Safety Manager ensures compliance and adherence to Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) guidelines.

Conservation Architect

A Conservation Architect is a professional responsible for conserving and restoring buildings or monuments having a historic value. He or she applies techniques to document and stabilise the object’s state without any further damage. A Conservation Architect restores the monuments and heritage buildings to bring them back to their original state.

Structural Engineer

A Structural Engineer designs buildings, bridges, and other related structures. He or she analyzes the structures and makes sure the structures are strong enough to be used by the people. A career as a Structural Engineer requires working in the construction process. It comes under the civil engineering discipline. A Structure Engineer creates structural models with the help of computer-aided design software. 

Highway Engineer

Highway Engineer Job Description:  A Highway Engineer is a civil engineer who specialises in planning and building thousands of miles of roads that support connectivity and allow transportation across the country. He or she ensures that traffic management schemes are effectively planned concerning economic sustainability and successful implementation.

Field Surveyor

Are you searching for a Field Surveyor Job Description? A Field Surveyor is a professional responsible for conducting field surveys for various places or geographical conditions. He or she collects the required data and information as per the instructions given by senior officials. 

Orthotist and Prosthetist

Orthotists and Prosthetists are professionals who provide aid to patients with disabilities. They fix them to artificial limbs (prosthetics) and help them to regain stability. There are times when people lose their limbs in an accident. In some other occasions, they are born without a limb or orthopaedic impairment. Orthotists and prosthetists play a crucial role in their lives with fixing them to assistive devices and provide mobility.

Pathologist

A career in pathology in India is filled with several responsibilities as it is a medical branch and affects human lives. The demand for pathologists has been increasing over the past few years as people are getting more aware of different diseases. Not only that, but an increase in population and lifestyle changes have also contributed to the increase in a pathologist’s demand. The pathology careers provide an extremely huge number of opportunities and if you want to be a part of the medical field you can consider being a pathologist. If you want to know more about a career in pathology in India then continue reading this article.

Veterinary Doctor

Speech therapist, gynaecologist.

Gynaecology can be defined as the study of the female body. The job outlook for gynaecology is excellent since there is evergreen demand for one because of their responsibility of dealing with not only women’s health but also fertility and pregnancy issues. Although most women prefer to have a women obstetrician gynaecologist as their doctor, men also explore a career as a gynaecologist and there are ample amounts of male doctors in the field who are gynaecologists and aid women during delivery and childbirth. 

Audiologist

The audiologist career involves audiology professionals who are responsible to treat hearing loss and proactively preventing the relevant damage. Individuals who opt for a career as an audiologist use various testing strategies with the aim to determine if someone has a normal sensitivity to sounds or not. After the identification of hearing loss, a hearing doctor is required to determine which sections of the hearing are affected, to what extent they are affected, and where the wound causing the hearing loss is found. As soon as the hearing loss is identified, the patients are provided with recommendations for interventions and rehabilitation such as hearing aids, cochlear implants, and appropriate medical referrals. While audiology is a branch of science that studies and researches hearing, balance, and related disorders.

An oncologist is a specialised doctor responsible for providing medical care to patients diagnosed with cancer. He or she uses several therapies to control the cancer and its effect on the human body such as chemotherapy, immunotherapy, radiation therapy and biopsy. An oncologist designs a treatment plan based on a pathology report after diagnosing the type of cancer and where it is spreading inside the body.

Are you searching for an ‘Anatomist job description’? An Anatomist is a research professional who applies the laws of biological science to determine the ability of bodies of various living organisms including animals and humans to regenerate the damaged or destroyed organs. If you want to know what does an anatomist do, then read the entire article, where we will answer all your questions.

For an individual who opts for a career as an actor, the primary responsibility is to completely speak to the character he or she is playing and to persuade the crowd that the character is genuine by connecting with them and bringing them into the story. This applies to significant roles and littler parts, as all roles join to make an effective creation. Here in this article, we will discuss how to become an actor in India, actor exams, actor salary in India, and actor jobs. 

Individuals who opt for a career as acrobats create and direct original routines for themselves, in addition to developing interpretations of existing routines. The work of circus acrobats can be seen in a variety of performance settings, including circus, reality shows, sports events like the Olympics, movies and commercials. Individuals who opt for a career as acrobats must be prepared to face rejections and intermittent periods of work. The creativity of acrobats may extend to other aspects of the performance. For example, acrobats in the circus may work with gym trainers, celebrities or collaborate with other professionals to enhance such performance elements as costume and or maybe at the teaching end of the career.

Video Game Designer

Career as a video game designer is filled with excitement as well as responsibilities. A video game designer is someone who is involved in the process of creating a game from day one. He or she is responsible for fulfilling duties like designing the character of the game, the several levels involved, plot, art and similar other elements. Individuals who opt for a career as a video game designer may also write the codes for the game using different programming languages.

Depending on the video game designer job description and experience they may also have to lead a team and do the early testing of the game in order to suggest changes and find loopholes.

Radio Jockey

Radio Jockey is an exciting, promising career and a great challenge for music lovers. If you are really interested in a career as radio jockey, then it is very important for an RJ to have an automatic, fun, and friendly personality. If you want to get a job done in this field, a strong command of the language and a good voice are always good things. Apart from this, in order to be a good radio jockey, you will also listen to good radio jockeys so that you can understand their style and later make your own by practicing.

A career as radio jockey has a lot to offer to deserving candidates. If you want to know more about a career as radio jockey, and how to become a radio jockey then continue reading the article.

Choreographer

The word “choreography" actually comes from Greek words that mean “dance writing." Individuals who opt for a career as a choreographer create and direct original dances, in addition to developing interpretations of existing dances. A Choreographer dances and utilises his or her creativity in other aspects of dance performance. For example, he or she may work with the music director to select music or collaborate with other famous choreographers to enhance such performance elements as lighting, costume and set design.

Social Media Manager

A career as social media manager involves implementing the company’s or brand’s marketing plan across all social media channels. Social media managers help in building or improving a brand’s or a company’s website traffic, build brand awareness, create and implement marketing and brand strategy. Social media managers are key to important social communication as well.

Photographer

Photography is considered both a science and an art, an artistic means of expression in which the camera replaces the pen. In a career as a photographer, an individual is hired to capture the moments of public and private events, such as press conferences or weddings, or may also work inside a studio, where people go to get their picture clicked. Photography is divided into many streams each generating numerous career opportunities in photography. With the boom in advertising, media, and the fashion industry, photography has emerged as a lucrative and thrilling career option for many Indian youths.

An individual who is pursuing a career as a producer is responsible for managing the business aspects of production. They are involved in each aspect of production from its inception to deception. Famous movie producers review the script, recommend changes and visualise the story. 

They are responsible for overseeing the finance involved in the project and distributing the film for broadcasting on various platforms. A career as a producer is quite fulfilling as well as exhaustive in terms of playing different roles in order for a production to be successful. Famous movie producers are responsible for hiring creative and technical personnel on contract basis.

Copy Writer

In a career as a copywriter, one has to consult with the client and understand the brief well. A career as a copywriter has a lot to offer to deserving candidates. Several new mediums of advertising are opening therefore making it a lucrative career choice. Students can pursue various copywriter courses such as Journalism , Advertising , Marketing Management . Here, we have discussed how to become a freelance copywriter, copywriter career path, how to become a copywriter in India, and copywriting career outlook. 

In a career as a vlogger, one generally works for himself or herself. However, once an individual has gained viewership there are several brands and companies that approach them for paid collaboration. It is one of those fields where an individual can earn well while following his or her passion. 

Ever since internet costs got reduced the viewership for these types of content has increased on a large scale. Therefore, a career as a vlogger has a lot to offer. If you want to know more about the Vlogger eligibility, roles and responsibilities then continue reading the article. 

For publishing books, newspapers, magazines and digital material, editorial and commercial strategies are set by publishers. Individuals in publishing career paths make choices about the markets their businesses will reach and the type of content that their audience will be served. Individuals in book publisher careers collaborate with editorial staff, designers, authors, and freelance contributors who develop and manage the creation of content.

Careers in journalism are filled with excitement as well as responsibilities. One cannot afford to miss out on the details. As it is the small details that provide insights into a story. Depending on those insights a journalist goes about writing a news article. A journalism career can be stressful at times but if you are someone who is passionate about it then it is the right choice for you. If you want to know more about the media field and journalist career then continue reading this article.

Individuals in the editor career path is an unsung hero of the news industry who polishes the language of the news stories provided by stringers, reporters, copywriters and content writers and also news agencies. Individuals who opt for a career as an editor make it more persuasive, concise and clear for readers. In this article, we will discuss the details of the editor's career path such as how to become an editor in India, editor salary in India and editor skills and qualities.

Individuals who opt for a career as a reporter may often be at work on national holidays and festivities. He or she pitches various story ideas and covers news stories in risky situations. Students can pursue a BMC (Bachelor of Mass Communication) , B.M.M. (Bachelor of Mass Media) , or  MAJMC (MA in Journalism and Mass Communication) to become a reporter. While we sit at home reporters travel to locations to collect information that carries a news value.  

Corporate Executive

Are you searching for a Corporate Executive job description? A Corporate Executive role comes with administrative duties. He or she provides support to the leadership of the organisation. A Corporate Executive fulfils the business purpose and ensures its financial stability. In this article, we are going to discuss how to become corporate executive.

Multimedia Specialist

A multimedia specialist is a media professional who creates, audio, videos, graphic image files, computer animations for multimedia applications. He or she is responsible for planning, producing, and maintaining websites and applications. 

Quality Controller

A quality controller plays a crucial role in an organisation. He or she is responsible for performing quality checks on manufactured products. He or she identifies the defects in a product and rejects the product. 

A quality controller records detailed information about products with defects and sends it to the supervisor or plant manager to take necessary actions to improve the production process.

Production Manager

A QA Lead is in charge of the QA Team. The role of QA Lead comes with the responsibility of assessing services and products in order to determine that he or she meets the quality standards. He or she develops, implements and manages test plans. 

Process Development Engineer

The Process Development Engineers design, implement, manufacture, mine, and other production systems using technical knowledge and expertise in the industry. They use computer modeling software to test technologies and machinery. An individual who is opting career as Process Development Engineer is responsible for developing cost-effective and efficient processes. They also monitor the production process and ensure it functions smoothly and efficiently.

AWS Solution Architect

An AWS Solution Architect is someone who specializes in developing and implementing cloud computing systems. He or she has a good understanding of the various aspects of cloud computing and can confidently deploy and manage their systems. He or she troubleshoots the issues and evaluates the risk from the third party. 

Azure Administrator

An Azure Administrator is a professional responsible for implementing, monitoring, and maintaining Azure Solutions. He or she manages cloud infrastructure service instances and various cloud servers as well as sets up public and private cloud systems. 

Computer Programmer

Careers in computer programming primarily refer to the systematic act of writing code and moreover include wider computer science areas. The word 'programmer' or 'coder' has entered into practice with the growing number of newly self-taught tech enthusiasts. Computer programming careers involve the use of designs created by software developers and engineers and transforming them into commands that can be implemented by computers. These commands result in regular usage of social media sites, word-processing applications and browsers.

Information Security Manager

Individuals in the information security manager career path involves in overseeing and controlling all aspects of computer security. The IT security manager job description includes planning and carrying out security measures to protect the business data and information from corruption, theft, unauthorised access, and deliberate attack 

ITSM Manager

Automation test engineer.

An Automation Test Engineer job involves executing automated test scripts. He or she identifies the project’s problems and troubleshoots them. The role involves documenting the defect using management tools. He or she works with the application team in order to resolve any issues arising during the testing process. 

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Covishield की Covaxin, कोणती लस सर्वाधिक परिणामकारक? संशोधनातून सत्य पहिल्यांदाच जगासमोर

Fungal Infection : कोरोना नाही तर 'या' संसर्गामुळेही मृत्यूचं तांडव! कोविड विषाणूला टाकलं मागे; धक्कादायक अहवाल समोर

Coronavirus : आज राज्यात 95 नव्या कोरोना रुग्णांचे निदान, JN.1 राज्यात 250 सक्रीय रुग्ण

Covid-19 : कोरोनाचा मेंदूच्या कार्यावर परिणाम, स्किझोफ्रेनियासारख्या गंभीर आजारांचा धोका वाढला

Frequently Asked Questions

नोव्हेल कोरोना हा एक विषाणू (व्हायरस) आहे, जो सर्वात पहिल्यांदा चीन देशाच्या वुहान येथे आढळला. याला नोव्हेल म्हणण्यात येते कारण हा विषाणू पहिल्यांदाच आढळला आहे. जागतिक आरोग्य संघटनेने या विषाणूमुळे होणाऱ्या आजाराला 'कोविड 19' हे नाव दिले आहे.

सध्यातरी या विषाणूच्या संसगार्चा खात्रीशीर स्त्रोत कळालेला नाही. कोरोना विषाणू ही विषाणूंचे एक मोठे कुटुंब आहे, काहींमुळे लोक आजारी पडतात आणि काही प्राण्यांमध्ये पसरतात. सुरुवातीला चीनच्या वुहान येथे पसरलेल्या या साथीमधील लोकांचा सागरी अन्न आणि प्राणी बाजाराशी संबंध आला होता, अशी नोंद आहे.

आतापर्यंत या आजाराचा रुग्णांमध्ये दिसून आलेली लक्षणे म्हणजे ताप, खोकला आणि श्वासोछ्वास करण्यास होणारा त्रास, अशी आहेत.

हा एक नवा विषाणू असल्यामुळे नेमका कशा-कशामुळे प्रसार होतो हे स्पष्ट नाही. सुरुवातीला कदाचीत प्राण्यापासून पसरलेला हा विषाणू आता व्यक्ती संपकार्तून पसरताना दिसतो आहे. असा तर्क आहे की इतर साथीच्या आजाराप्रमाणे एखादी विषाणू प्रभावित व्यक्ती जेव्हा शिंकते किंवा खोकते तेव्हा याचा प्रसार होतो.

या विषाणूचा इलाज करण्यासाठी सध्यातरी कोणतीही लस उपलब्ध नाही. या विषाणूला शरिरात प्रवेश करू न देणे हा सर्वोत्तम उपचार आहे. तसेच वैयक्तीक स्वच्छतेचे पालन करा, सतत साबणाने हात धुण्याची सवय ठेवा, शिंकताना व खोकताना तोंड झाका, प्रवास करणे टाळा.

'लॉकडाऊन'मध्ये नागरिकांना आपला परिसर सोडून दुसरीकडे जाण्यास मज्जाव केला जातो. संभाव्य धोक्याची तीव्रता लक्षात घेऊन 'लॉकडाऊन'चा निर्णय घेतला जाऊ शकतो. त्याचबरोबर हा निर्णय किती कालावधीसाठी ठेवायचा हे संबंधित स्थितीवर अवलंबून आहे. कोरोनाच्या वाढत्या पार्श्वभूमीवर भारत सरकारने 21 दिवसांसाठी संपूर्ण देश लॉकडाऊन केला आहे.

सायलेंट कॅरिअर असे लोक ज्यांना कोरोनाची लागण तर झाली पण त्यांच्यात लक्षणे दिसत नाहीत किंवा बऱ्याच उशीरा दिसतात. चीनच्या साऊथ चायना मॉर्निंग पोस्टच्या अहवालात अशा कोरोना कॅरिअरचा उल्लेख सायलेंट कॅरिअर असा केला गेलाय. सायलेंट कॅरिअर असणारे हेच लोक त्यांच्या आजूबाजूला कोरोना व्हायरस पसरवण्यासाठी कारणीभूत ठरतात. सामान्यत: कोरोनाची लक्षणे पाच दिवसात बघायला मिळतात. पण या लोकांमध्ये तीन आठवड्यानंतर लक्षणे दिसतात.

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Read these 12 moving essays about life during coronavirus

Artists, novelists, critics, and essayists are writing the first draft of history.

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The world is grappling with an invisible, deadly enemy, trying to understand how to live with the threat posed by a virus . For some writers, the only way forward is to put pen to paper, trying to conceptualize and document what it feels like to continue living as countries are under lockdown and regular life seems to have ground to a halt.

So as the coronavirus pandemic has stretched around the world, it’s sparked a crop of diary entries and essays that describe how life has changed. Novelists, critics, artists, and journalists have put words to the feelings many are experiencing. The result is a first draft of how we’ll someday remember this time, filled with uncertainty and pain and fear as well as small moments of hope and humanity.

At the New York Review of Books, Ali Bhutto writes that in Karachi, Pakistan, the government-imposed curfew due to the virus is “eerily reminiscent of past military clampdowns”:

Beneath the quiet calm lies a sense that society has been unhinged and that the usual rules no longer apply. Small groups of pedestrians look on from the shadows, like an audience watching a spectacle slowly unfolding. People pause on street corners and in the shade of trees, under the watchful gaze of the paramilitary forces and the police.

His essay concludes with the sobering note that “in the minds of many, Covid-19 is just another life-threatening hazard in a city that stumbles from one crisis to another.”

Writing from Chattanooga, novelist Jamie Quatro documents the mixed ways her neighbors have been responding to the threat, and the frustration of conflicting direction, or no direction at all, from local, state, and federal leaders:

Whiplash, trying to keep up with who’s ordering what. We’re already experiencing enough chaos without this back-and-forth. Why didn’t the federal government issue a nationwide shelter-in-place at the get-go, the way other countries did? What happens when one state’s shelter-in-place ends, while others continue? Do states still under quarantine close their borders? We are still one nation, not fifty individual countries. Right?

Award-winning photojournalist Alessio Mamo, quarantined with his partner Marta in Sicily after she tested positive for the virus, accompanies his photographs in the Guardian of their confinement with a reflection on being confined :

The doctors asked me to take a second test, but again I tested negative. Perhaps I’m immune? The days dragged on in my apartment, in black and white, like my photos. Sometimes we tried to smile, imagining that I was asymptomatic, because I was the virus. Our smiles seemed to bring good news. My mother left hospital, but I won’t be able to see her for weeks. Marta started breathing well again, and so did I. I would have liked to photograph my country in the midst of this emergency, the battles that the doctors wage on the frontline, the hospitals pushed to their limits, Italy on its knees fighting an invisible enemy. That enemy, a day in March, knocked on my door instead.

In the New York Times Magazine, deputy editor Jessica Lustig writes with devastating clarity about her family’s life in Brooklyn while her husband battled the virus, weeks before most people began taking the threat seriously:

At the door of the clinic, we stand looking out at two older women chatting outside the doorway, oblivious. Do I wave them away? Call out that they should get far away, go home, wash their hands, stay inside? Instead we just stand there, awkwardly, until they move on. Only then do we step outside to begin the long three-block walk home. I point out the early magnolia, the forsythia. T says he is cold. The untrimmed hairs on his neck, under his beard, are white. The few people walking past us on the sidewalk don’t know that we are visitors from the future. A vision, a premonition, a walking visitation. This will be them: Either T, in the mask, or — if they’re lucky — me, tending to him.

Essayist Leslie Jamison writes in the New York Review of Books about being shut away alone in her New York City apartment with her 2-year-old daughter since she became sick:

The virus. Its sinewy, intimate name. What does it feel like in my body today? Shivering under blankets. A hot itch behind the eyes. Three sweatshirts in the middle of the day. My daughter trying to pull another blanket over my body with her tiny arms. An ache in the muscles that somehow makes it hard to lie still. This loss of taste has become a kind of sensory quarantine. It’s as if the quarantine keeps inching closer and closer to my insides. First I lost the touch of other bodies; then I lost the air; now I’ve lost the taste of bananas. Nothing about any of these losses is particularly unique. I’ve made a schedule so I won’t go insane with the toddler. Five days ago, I wrote Walk/Adventure! on it, next to a cut-out illustration of a tiger—as if we’d see tigers on our walks. It was good to keep possibility alive.

At Literary Hub, novelist Heidi Pitlor writes about the elastic nature of time during her family’s quarantine in Massachusetts:

During a shutdown, the things that mark our days—commuting to work, sending our kids to school, having a drink with friends—vanish and time takes on a flat, seamless quality. Without some self-imposed structure, it’s easy to feel a little untethered. A friend recently posted on Facebook: “For those who have lost track, today is Blursday the fortyteenth of Maprilay.” ... Giving shape to time is especially important now, when the future is so shapeless. We do not know whether the virus will continue to rage for weeks or months or, lord help us, on and off for years. We do not know when we will feel safe again. And so many of us, minus those who are gifted at compartmentalization or denial, remain largely captive to fear. We may stay this way if we do not create at least the illusion of movement in our lives, our long days spent with ourselves or partners or families.

Novelist Lauren Groff writes at the New York Review of Books about trying to escape the prison of her fears while sequestered at home in Gainesville, Florida:

Some people have imaginations sparked only by what they can see; I blame this blinkered empiricism for the parks overwhelmed with people, the bars, until a few nights ago, thickly thronged. My imagination is the opposite. I fear everything invisible to me. From the enclosure of my house, I am afraid of the suffering that isn’t present before me, the people running out of money and food or drowning in the fluid in their lungs, the deaths of health-care workers now growing ill while performing their duties. I fear the federal government, which the right wing has so—intentionally—weakened that not only is it insufficient to help its people, it is actively standing in help’s way. I fear we won’t sufficiently punish the right. I fear leaving the house and spreading the disease. I fear what this time of fear is doing to my children, their imaginations, and their souls.

At ArtForum , Berlin-based critic and writer Kristian Vistrup Madsen reflects on martinis, melancholia, and Finnish artist Jaakko Pallasvuo’s 2018 graphic novel Retreat , in which three young people exile themselves in the woods:

In melancholia, the shape of what is ending, and its temporality, is sprawling and incomprehensible. The ambivalence makes it hard to bear. The world of Retreat is rendered in lush pink and purple watercolors, which dissolve into wild and messy abstractions. In apocalypse, the divisions established in genesis bleed back out. My own Corona-retreat is similarly soft, color-field like, each day a blurred succession of quarantinis, YouTube–yoga, and televized press conferences. As restrictions mount, so does abstraction. For now, I’m still rooting for love to save the world.

At the Paris Review , Matt Levin writes about reading Virginia Woolf’s novel The Waves during quarantine:

A retreat, a quarantine, a sickness—they simultaneously distort and clarify, curtail and expand. It is an ideal state in which to read literature with a reputation for difficulty and inaccessibility, those hermetic books shorn of the handholds of conventional plot or characterization or description. A novel like Virginia Woolf’s The Waves is perfect for the state of interiority induced by quarantine—a story of three men and three women, meeting after the death of a mutual friend, told entirely in the overlapping internal monologues of the six, interspersed only with sections of pure, achingly beautiful descriptions of the natural world, a day’s procession and recession of light and waves. The novel is, in my mind’s eye, a perfectly spherical object. It is translucent and shimmering and infinitely fragile, prone to shatter at the slightest disturbance. It is not a book that can be read in snatches on the subway—it demands total absorption. Though it revels in a stark emotional nakedness, the book remains aloof, remote in its own deep self-absorption.

In an essay for the Financial Times, novelist Arundhati Roy writes with anger about Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s anemic response to the threat, but also offers a glimmer of hope for the future:

Historically, pandemics have forced humans to break with the past and imagine their world anew. This one is no different. It is a portal, a gateway between one world and the next. We can choose to walk through it, dragging the carcasses of our prejudice and hatred, our avarice, our data banks and dead ideas, our dead rivers and smoky skies behind us. Or we can walk through lightly, with little luggage, ready to imagine another world. And ready to fight for it.

From Boston, Nora Caplan-Bricker writes in The Point about the strange contraction of space under quarantine, in which a friend in Beirut is as close as the one around the corner in the same city:

It’s a nice illusion—nice to feel like we’re in it together, even if my real world has shrunk to one person, my husband, who sits with his laptop in the other room. It’s nice in the same way as reading those essays that reframe social distancing as solidarity. “We must begin to see the negative space as clearly as the positive, to know what we don’t do is also brilliant and full of love,” the poet Anne Boyer wrote on March 10th, the day that Massachusetts declared a state of emergency. If you squint, you could almost make sense of this quarantine as an effort to flatten, along with the curve, the distinctions we make between our bonds with others. Right now, I care for my neighbor in the same way I demonstrate love for my mother: in all instances, I stay away. And in moments this month, I have loved strangers with an intensity that is new to me. On March 14th, the Saturday night after the end of life as we knew it, I went out with my dog and found the street silent: no lines for restaurants, no children on bicycles, no couples strolling with little cups of ice cream. It had taken the combined will of thousands of people to deliver such a sudden and complete emptiness. I felt so grateful, and so bereft.

And on his own website, musician and artist David Byrne writes about rediscovering the value of working for collective good , saying that “what is happening now is an opportunity to learn how to change our behavior”:

In emergencies, citizens can suddenly cooperate and collaborate. Change can happen. We’re going to need to work together as the effects of climate change ramp up. In order for capitalism to survive in any form, we will have to be a little more socialist. Here is an opportunity for us to see things differently — to see that we really are all connected — and adjust our behavior accordingly. Are we willing to do this? Is this moment an opportunity to see how truly interdependent we all are? To live in a world that is different and better than the one we live in now? We might be too far down the road to test every asymptomatic person, but a change in our mindsets, in how we view our neighbors, could lay the groundwork for the collective action we’ll need to deal with other global crises. The time to see how connected we all are is now.

The portrait these writers paint of a world under quarantine is multifaceted. Our worlds have contracted to the confines of our homes, and yet in some ways we’re more connected than ever to one another. We feel fear and boredom, anger and gratitude, frustration and strange peace. Uncertainty drives us to find metaphors and images that will let us wrap our minds around what is happening.

Yet there’s no single “what” that is happening. Everyone is contending with the pandemic and its effects from different places and in different ways. Reading others’ experiences — even the most frightening ones — can help alleviate the loneliness and dread, a little, and remind us that what we’re going through is both unique and shared by all.

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Here Are the Five Stages of Today’s Total Solar Eclipse

T oday’s solar eclipse will plunge large swaths of the U.S. into near total darkness as 15 states witness the sun completely cover the moon.

It will enter the U.S. in Texas and exit in Maine , passing through Oklahoma, Arkansas, Missouri, Illinois, Kentucky, Indiana, Ohio, Pennsylvania, New York, Vermont, New Hampshire, and parts of Tennessee and Michigan. Millions of people are expected to watch the event, which is the last time a total solar eclipse will be visible in the contiguous United States until 2044. 

There are five major stages of the eclipse that stargazers should be on the lookout for. Here’s what to expect. 

Stage 1: Partial eclipse begins

All 50 states in the U.S. will be able to witness a partial eclipse–but you must wear eclipse glasses to view it. During the partial eclipse, the moon’s shadow first becomes visible over the sun. The moment the moon’s shadow first touches the sun’s edge is known as “first contact.”  In most locations, the partial eclipse lasts for 70-80 minutes. 

Stage 2: "First contact" as the eclipse begins

The total eclipse begins when the sun is almost completely covered by the moon. Just before totality keep an eye out for Baily's Beads, Shadow Bands, and the Diamond Ring.

Read More : How to Safely Watch the Total Eclipse

Baily’s Beads occur very briefly, as small beads of light become visible just as the eclipse enters totality. Shadow bands are faint, rapidly moving bands of light and dark that can be seen on the sides of buildings or the ground. 

Just before totality, a single bright spot will remain, resembling a diamond in a ring. Be sure to keep your eclipse glasses on during this stage. 

Read More : How to Use Your Smartphone to Take Photos of the Solar Eclipse

Stage 3: "Second contact" and t otality

Eclipse viewers within the path of totality will witness the moon completely cover the sun, a phenomenon that typically lasts between 3.5 to 4 minutes. Totality, also known as “second contact” is the only phase of the eclipse in which it is safe to completely remove your eclipse glasses—just be sure to put them back on before totality ends. 

Stage 4: "Third contact" and brightening

After totality, stargazers will see a partial eclipse again, also known as “third contact”. You will also have another opportunity to witness Baily's Beads, Shadow Bands, and the Diamond Ring as the moon begins to inch away from the sun. Be sure to put your eclipse glasses back on before this stage begins. 

Read More : What Happens If It’s Cloudy During an Eclipse? 

Stage 5: "Fourth contact" as t he eclipse ends

“Fourth contact” refers to the moment in which the sun is no longer covered by the moon. At this point, the eclipse is completely over, and you can safely remove your eclipse glasses. 

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Clouds part and crowds scream as total solar eclipse delights the U.S.

DALLAS — Would the total solar eclipse, the last to cross the United States for two decades, live up to the hype?

In a city where history suggested clear skies were likely, forecasts of stubborn clouds threatened for days, hours — and even minutes ahead of the stunning syzygy.

Perhaps it was the cooling effect of the moon’s shadows, or just luck, but as totality approached, the cumulus clouds parted. Conditions became immaculate.

2024 total solar eclipse

“On a scale of one to 10? 30,” said Mike Alexander, 59, who traveled to Dallas from Fresno, Calif.

It was perhaps the country’s most viewed celestial event ever, spreading the darkness of the moon’s shadow across the homes of some 32 million people, including in major cities from Dallas to Cleveland and smaller communities such as Russellville, Ark., and Littleton, Maine. Millions more flocked into the 115-mile-wide path of totality, while the moon blocked at least half of the sun’s face across most of the rest of the United States.

There were scientific experiments , tourist events and religious ceremonies as Americans took in the awe-inspiring view of the last coast-to-coast total solar eclipse until 2045.

Total solar eclipses happen somewhere on Earth once about every 18 months, but a chance to see one in your hometown is rare. Vita Garza Flores was among the first to see the eclipse as the moon’s shadow crossed from Mexico onto U.S. soil in Eagle Pass, Tex. The 76-year-old traveled from Northern California to see the eclipse in the city where she was born.

As the moon inched directly between Earth and the sun, the skies dimmed until only a flicker of light appeared where the sun had been — an effect known as the diamond ring, since it resembles a brilliant gem on a golden ring of light. The crowd screamed as Garza Flores grabbed her eclipse glasses, positioning them across her sunglasses. “Wow!” she said as she looked up.

The awe was not limited to lay watchers — scientists used the phenomenon to look more closely at space and at the sun’s outermost layers, with the blinding light of its rays out of the way.

In Uvalde, Tex., students from the local high school and Southwest Texas Junior College were among the citizen scientists using the eclipse to learn more about the sun, and its effects on Earth. They captured video of the celestial phenomenon via telescope for a research effort that aims to reveal the density of the sun’s middle corona and help scientists to measure the strength of the solar wind — charged particles that can disrupt electricity grids and produce auroras when they reach Earth.

In middle America, the eclipse was a phenomenon. As totality descended in Dayton, Ohio, a loud cheer went up from the crowd outside the home where the Wright Brothers once conceived of human flight.

“I am dumbfounded,” said one young boy. “This,” said another woman who had been fretting about the traffic, “was totally worth it.”

Russellville was one of many humble towns transformed into eclipse destinations, as one of a handful of locations along the path of totality where NASA gathered scientists and broadcast the eclipse’s progress live online. Local tourism officials gave out detailed town maps and sold T-shirts that read, “I got mooned at the eclipse.”

Carbondale, Ill., hit the eclipse jackpot, falling along the path of totality for a solar eclipse that crossed the United States on Aug. 17, 2017 — and then again for Monday’s eclipse. It gave the town the nickname “the eclipse crossroads of America.” A packed stadium at the southern edge of town erupted in screams as the eclipse began with the “diamond ring” apparition. Unlike six-and-a-half years earlier, clouds did not disrupt the show.

“It’s so much darker than 2017,” one commentator on NASA’s live broadcast said. “This is so much better than 2017.”

The eclipse was the zeitgeist on Monday so much so that Taylor Swift tied it to the release of her upcoming album, sharing a black-and-white video of a typewriter on her Instagram story around 2 p.m. Eastern time, with lyrics that said: “Crowd goes wild at her fingertips/ Half moonshine/ Full eclipse.”

For young Americans, it was a chance to challenge the habit of capturing every event on their phones.

“I feel like I was trying to get it on my camera, but it didn’t do justice to how beautiful it was with my bare eyes,” said Katie Kim, a first-year student at Case Western Reserve University, moments after totality had ended in Cleveland.

“Yeah, I filmed the 360 sunset instead,” said her friend, Flora Kim, another first-year student, marveling at how the eclipse created a sunset-like glow in all directions.

For Susan Bingham, Monday’s eclipse was the fulfillment of a promise 18 years in the making. In 2006, Bingham was living in Burlington, Vt., pregnant with twins and on bed rest when she learned that the city would be in the path of totality. She vowed to be there.

A lot has changed since then: The twins were born, followed by a third child, and the family moved to Massachusetts. But as darkness fell Monday, Bingham, 52, was on a rocky outcropping on the Vermont shore of Lake Champlain with her twins, now just a few days short of 18 years old. She wept.

In her heart, she said, this day marked her twins’ transition to adulthood. “Before and after,” she said. “It was beautiful.”

Any soon-to-be-born children will be adults the next time a total solar eclipse sweeps across the country.

A total solar eclipse will next dim U.S. communities in 2044, but only in parts of Montana and the Dakotas. The country will have to wait one more year for the next coast-to-coast phenomenon, a total eclipse that will stretch from California to Florida on Aug. 12, 2045. It will be a Saturday.

Hernández reported from Eagle Pass, Texas. Slater reported from Burlington, Vt. Dance reported from Washington. Brady Dennis in Dayton, Ohio; Juliet Eilperin in Cleveland; and Kyley Schultz in Washington contributed to this report.

A total solar eclipse passed across the United States on Monday, April 8. See photos and videos from the path of totality and read our reporters’ coverage from scenes across the nation .

Looking ahead: Missed this one? The next eclipse visible in the United States won’t be until 2044 — and then we’ll see another shortly after in 2045. If you did watch this eclipse but without proper eyewear, here’s what to do if your eyes hurt .

The science: This eclipse appeared especially dramatic because the sun was at its most active period in two decades. In the past, solar eclipses have helped scientists learn more about the universe . Here’s everything else to know about the solar eclipse.

• What to do if your eyes hurt after the eclipse and how to spot damage Earlier today What to do if your eyes hurt after the eclipse and how to spot damage Earlier today
• See how the eclipse transformed America, city by city Earlier today See how the eclipse transformed America, city by city Earlier today
• Clouds part and crowds scream as total solar eclipse delights the U.S. April 8, 2024 Clouds part and crowds scream as total solar eclipse delights the U.S. April 8, 2024

What is the difference between a solar eclipse and a lunar eclipse?

It almost time! Millions of Americans across the country Monday are preparing to witness the once-in-a-lifetime total solar eclipse as it passes over portions of Mexico, the United States and Canada.

It's a sight to behold and people have now long been eagerly awaiting what will be their only chance until 2044 to witness totality, whereby the moon will completely block the sun's disc, ushering in uncharacteristic darkness.

That being said, many are curious on what makes the solar eclipse special and how is it different from a lunar eclipse.

The total solar eclipse is today: Get the latest forecast and everything you need to know

What is an eclipse?

An eclipse occurs when any celestial object like a moon or a planet passes between two other bodies, obscuring the view of objects like the sun, according to NASA .

What is a solar eclipse?

A total solar eclipse occurs when the moon comes in between the Earth and the sun, blocking its light from reaching our planet, leading to a period of darkness lasting several minutes. The resulting "totality," whereby observers can see the outermost layer of the sun's atmosphere, known as the corona, presents a spectacular sight for viewers and confuses animals – causing nocturnal creatures to stir and bird and insects to fall silent.

Partial eclipses, when some part of the sun remains visible, are the most common, making total eclipses a rare sight.

What is a lunar eclipse?

A total lunar eclipse occurs when the moon and the sun are on exact opposite sides of Earth. When this happens, Earth blocks the sunlight that normally reaches the moon. Instead of that sunlight hitting the moon’s surface, Earth's shadow falls on it.

Lunar eclipses are often also referred to the "blood moon" because when the Earth's shadow covers the moon, it often produces a red color. The coloration happens because a bit of reddish sunlight still reaches the moon's surface, even though it's in Earth's shadow.

Difference between lunar eclipse and solar eclipse

The major difference between the two eclipses is in the positioning of the sun, the moon and the Earth and the longevity of the phenomenon, according to NASA.

A lunar eclipse can last for a few hours, while a solar eclipse lasts only a few minutes. Solar eclipses also rarely occur, while lunar eclipses are comparatively more frequent. While at least two partial lunar eclipses happen every year, total lunar eclipses are still rare, says NASA.

Another major difference between the two is that for lunar eclipses, no special glasses or gizmos are needed to view the spectacle and one can directly stare at the moon. However, for solar eclipses, it is pertinent to wear proper viewing glasses and take the necessary safety precautions because the powerful rays of the sun can burn and damage your retinas.

Contributing: Eric Lagatta, Doyle Rice, USA TODAY

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What Solar Eclipse-Gazing Has Looked Like for the Past 2 Centuries

Millions of people on Monday will continue the tradition of experiencing and capturing solar eclipses, a pursuit that has spawned a lot of unusual gear.

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By Sarah Eckinger

• April 8, 2024

For centuries, people have been clamoring to glimpse solar eclipses. From astronomers with custom-built photographic equipment to groups huddled together with special glasses, this spectacle has captivated the human imagination.

Creating a Permanent Record

In 1860, Warren de la Rue captured what many sources describe as the first photograph of a total solar eclipse . He took it in Rivabellosa, Spain, with an instrument known as the Kew Photoheliograph . This combination of a telescope and camera was specifically built to photograph the sun.

Forty years later, Nevil Maskelyne, a magician and an astronomy enthusiast, filmed a total solar eclipse in North Carolina. The footage was lost, however, and only released in 2019 after it was rediscovered in the Royal Astronomical Society’s archives.

Telescopic Vision

For scientists and astronomers, eclipses provide an opportunity not only to view the moon’s umbra and gaze at the sun’s corona, but also to make observations that further their studies. Many observatories, or friendly neighbors with a telescope, also make their instruments available to the public during eclipses.

Fredrik Hjalmar Johansen, Fridtjof Nansen and Sigurd Scott Hansen observing a solar eclipse while on a polar expedition in 1894 .

Women from Wellesley College in Massachusetts and their professor tested out equipment ahead of their eclipse trip (to “catch old Sol in the act,” as the original New York Times article phrased it) to New London, Conn., in 1922.

A group from Swarthmore College in Pennsylvania traveled to Yerbaniz, Mexico, in 1923, with telescopes and a 65-foot camera to observe the sun’s corona .

Dr. J.J. Nassau, director of the Warner and Swasey Observatory at Case School of Applied Science in Cleveland, prepared to head to Douglas Hill, Maine, to study an eclipse in 1932. An entire freight car was required to transport the institution’s equipment.

Visitors viewed a solar eclipse at an observatory in Berlin in the mid-1930s.

A family set up two telescopes in Bar Harbor, Maine, in 1963. The two children placed stones on the base to help steady them.

An astronomer examined equipment for an eclipse in a desert in Mauritania in June 1973. We credit the hot climate for his choice in outfit.

Indirect Light

If you see people on Monday sprinting to your local park clutching pieces of paper, or with a cardboard box of their head, they are probably planning to reflect or project images of the solar eclipse onto a surface.

Cynthia Goulakos demonstrated a safe way to view a solar eclipse , with two pieces of cardboard to create a reflection of the shadowed sun, in Lowell, Mass., in 1970.

Another popular option is to create a pinhole camera. This woman did so in Central Park in 1963 by using a paper cup with a small hole in the bottom and a twin-lens reflex camera.

Amateur astronomers viewed a partial eclipse, projected from a telescope onto a screen, from atop the Empire State Building in 1967 .

Back in Central Park, in 1970, Irving Schwartz and his wife reflected an eclipse onto a piece of paper by holding binoculars on the edge of a garbage basket.

Children in Denver in 1979 used cardboard viewing boxes and pieces of paper with small pinholes to view projections of a partial eclipse.

A crowd gathered around a basin of water dyed with dark ink, waiting for the reflection of a solar eclipse to appear, in Hanoi, Vietnam, in 1995.

Staring at the Sun (or, How Not to Burn Your Retinas)

Eclipse-gazers have used different methods to protect their eyes throughout the years, some safer than others .

In 1927, women gathered at a window in a building in London to watch a total eclipse through smoked glass. This was popularized in France in the 1700s , but fell out of favor when physicians began writing papers on children whose vision was damaged.

Another trend was to use a strip of exposed photographic film, as seen below in Sydney, Australia, in 1948 and in Turkana, Kenya, in 1963. This method, which was even suggested by The Times in 1979 , has since been declared unsafe.

Solar eclipse glasses are a popular and safe way to view the event ( if you use models compliant with international safety standards ). Over the years there have been various styles, including these large hand-held options found in West Palm Beach, Fla., in 1979.

Parents and children watched a partial eclipse through their eclipse glasses in Tokyo in 1981.

Slimmer, more colorful options were used in Nabusimake, Colombia, in 1998.

In France in 1999.

And in Iran and England in 1999.

And the best way to see the eclipse? With family and friends at a watch party, like this one in Isalo National Park in Madagascar in 2001.