essay about conserving the environment

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Conservation of Environment Essay

Air, water, land, sunlight, minerals, plants, and animals are just a few of the many blessings that nature has given us. Our Earth is a place worth living because of all these elements of nature that act as a blessing. Without any of these, life on Earth would not be conceivable. Here are a few essays on the topic ‘Conservation Of Environment’.

100 Words Essay On Conservation Of Environment

200 words essay on conservation of environment, 500 words essay on conservation of environment.

It is important to conserve the environment because if we don’t, the earth will be ruined. The main factor that leads to environmental destruction is the way people use and abuse natural resources. For example, people cut down trees without planting new ones to replace them. They also pollute air and water with harmful chemicals and waste. As a result, animals and plants die, and eventually humans will too. So it’s important for everyone to do their part in conserving the environment. By taking action to conserve our environment, we can protect it for future generations. A healthy environment is essential for humans and other species to thrive.

As the human population continues to grow and expand, it is important to take steps to conserve our environment. There are many factors that lead to environmental destruction. Rapidly increasing population and rapid consumption of resources are two major drivers of environmental degradation. As the world’s population increases, we need more food, water, and energy, which puts a strain on the planet’s resources. In addition, industrialization and economic development often come at the expense of the environment. Pollution from factories and automobiles harms air quality and contributes to climate change.

What Can We Do | The first step in conserving the environment is to reduce our reliance on natural resources. We can do this by using less water, energy and paper. We can also recycle more and waste less. Another important step is to promote sustainable development. This means meeting the needs of present generations without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. We can do this by using renewable resources, such as solar and wind power, rather than fossil fuels; by using environmentally friendly technologies; and by protecting ecosystems so that they can continue to provide vital services, such as clean air and water, food, and habitat for wildlife.

It is important to conserve the environment because if we don't, the natural resources that we depend on will eventually be depleted. Additionally, pollution and other environmental problems will continue to worsen if we don't take steps to reduce our impact on the planet. Conserving the environment can help to preserve delicate ecosystems, prevent species extinction, and improve air and water quality. It's important to remember that we all have a role to play in protecting our planet.

Fortunately, there are things we can do to help conserve our environment. One way is to reduce our consumption of natural resources. We can do this by using less water, recycling materials instead of throwing them away, and using energy-efficient appliances. Another way to help is to support businesses that are environmentally friendly.

Why We Should We Conserve The Environment

One of the most important reasons to conserve the environment is that it leads to environmental destruction. When we don't conserve the environment, we are putting strain on the very things that we depend on for our survival. This includes air, water, and soil.

We need to be good caretakers of our environment so that it can continue to provide for us. Additionally, conserving the environment helps ensure that future generations will be able to enjoy the same benefits that we do. It's not just about us, it's about preserving our planet for future generations.

Steps To Conserve The Environment

As the world’s population continues to grow, so does the demand on our natural resources. This increased demand often leads to environmental destruction, as we see with deforestation, water pollution and climate change. However, it is possible to conserve our environment, and in doing so we can help protect the planet for future generations. Here are some tips on how you can conserve environment—

Use Less Water | Water is an essential resource, but unfortunately it is often taken for granted. One way to help conserve water is to use less of it when you can. For example, water your plants during the cooler hours of the day to minimise evaporation, and fix any leaks in your home as soon as possible.

Recycle And Reuse | Another way to reduce your impact on the environment is to recycle and reuse materials whenever possible. Instead of throwing away paper, cans or plastic bottles, recycle them. And instead of buying new products made from fresh materials, opt for products that are made from recycled materials.

Drive Less | Transportation emits large amounts of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere, contributing to climate change. To help reduce these emissions, try driving less whenever possible. If you live close enough to work or school, walk or ride a bike instead of driving. And when you do drive, carpool or take mass transit when possible.

Save Energy | Home energy use accounts for a large portion of total energy consumption in most countries. So save energy when TVs, lights, fans, electronics, gadgets and even fixtures like water heaters are not in use. Unplug electrical equipment when not in use and only leave the lights on when absolutely necessary.

We should conserve the environment because it is essential for our survival. The factors which lead to environmental destruction are many and varied, but the most important are population growth, poverty, unsustainable resource use, and environmental degradation.

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Finance Executive

Product manager.

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Welding Engineer

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Veterinary Doctor

Speech therapist, gynaecologist.

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Audiologist

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For an individual who opts for a career as an actor, the primary responsibility is to completely speak to the character he or she is playing and to persuade the crowd that the character is genuine by connecting with them and bringing them into the story. This applies to significant roles and littler parts, as all roles join to make an effective creation. Here in this article, we will discuss how to become an actor in India, actor exams, actor salary in India, and actor jobs.

Individuals who opt for a career as acrobats create and direct original routines for themselves, in addition to developing interpretations of existing routines. The work of circus acrobats can be seen in a variety of performance settings, including circus, reality shows, sports events like the Olympics, movies and commercials. Individuals who opt for a career as acrobats must be prepared to face rejections and intermittent periods of work. The creativity of acrobats may extend to other aspects of the performance. For example, acrobats in the circus may work with gym trainers, celebrities or collaborate with other professionals to enhance such performance elements as costume and or maybe at the teaching end of the career.

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Depending on the video game designer job description and experience they may also have to lead a team and do the early testing of the game in order to suggest changes and find loopholes.

Radio Jockey

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A career as radio jockey has a lot to offer to deserving candidates. If you want to know more about a career as radio jockey, and how to become a radio jockey then continue reading the article.

Choreographer

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An individual who is pursuing a career as a producer is responsible for managing the business aspects of production. They are involved in each aspect of production from its inception to deception. Famous movie producers review the script, recommend changes and visualise the story.

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Copy Writer

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Corporate Executive

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Multimedia Specialist

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Quality Controller

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A quality controller records detailed information about products with defects and sends it to the supervisor or plant manager to take necessary actions to improve the production process.

Production Manager

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Conserving Earth

Earth’s natural resources include air, water, soil, minerals, plants, and animals. Conservation is the practice of caring for these resources so all living things can benefit from them now and in the future.

Biology, Ecology, Earth Science, Geography, Geology, Conservation

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Earth ’s natural resources include air , water , soil , minerals , fuels , plants, and animals. Conservation is the practice of caring for these resources so all living things can benefit from them now and in the future. All the things we need to survive , such as food , water, air, and shelter , come from natural resources. Some of these resources, like small plants, can be replaced quickly after they are used. Others, like large trees, take a long time to replace. These are renewable resources . Other resources, such as fossil fuels , cannot be replaced at all. Once they are used up, they are gone f orever . These are nonrenewable resources . People often waste natural resources. Animals are overhunted . Forests are cleared, exposing land to wind and water damage. Fertile soil is exhausted and lost to erosion because of poor farming practices. Fuel supplies are depleted . Water and air are polluted . If resources are carelessly managed, many will be used up. If used wisely and efficiently , however, renewable resources will last much longer. Through conservation, people can reduce waste and manage natural resources wisely. The population of human beings has grown enormously in the past two centuries. Billions of people use up resources quickly as they eat food, build houses, produce goods, and burn fuel for transportation and electricity . The continuation of life as we know it depends on the careful use of natural resources. The need to conserve resources often conflicts with other needs. For some people, a wooded area may be a good place to put a farm. A timber company may want to harvest the area’s trees for construction materials. A business may want to build a factory or shopping mall on the land. All these needs are valid, but sometimes the plants and animals that live in the area are forgotten. The benefits of development need to be weighed against the harm to animals that may be forced to find new habitats , the depletion of resources we may want in the future (such as water or timber), or damage to resources we use today. Development and conservation can coexist in harmony. When we use the environment in ways that ensure we have resources for the future, it is called sustainable development . There are many different resources we need to conserve in order to live sustainably. Forests A forest is a large area covered with trees grouped so their foliage shades the ground. Every continent except Antarctica has forests, from the evergreen -filled boreal forests of the north to mangrove forests in tropical wetlands . Forests are home to more than two-thirds of all known land species . Tropical rainforests are especially rich in biodiversity . Forests provide habitats for animals and plants. They store carbon , helping reduce global warming . They protect soil by reducing runoff . They add nutrients to the soil through leaf litter . They provide people with lumber and firewood. Deforestation is the process of clearing away forests by cutting them down or burning them. People clear forests to use the wood, or to make way for farming or development. Each year, Earth loses about 14.6 million hectares (36 million acres) of forest to deforestation—an area about the size of the U.S. state of New York. Deforestation destroys wildlife habitats and increases soil erosion. It also releases greenhouse gases into the atmosphere , contributing to global warming. Deforestation accounts for 15 percent of the world’s greenhouse gas emissions. Deforestation also harms the people who rely on forests for their survival, hunting and gathering, harvesting forest products, or using the timber for firewood. About half of all the forests on Earth are in the tropics —an area that circles the globe near the Equator . Although tropical forests cover fewer than 6 percent of the world’s land area, they are home to about 80 percent of the world’s documented species. For example, more than 500 different species of trees live in the forests on the small U.S. island of Puerto Rico in the Caribbean Sea. Tropical forests give us many valuable products, including woods like mahogany and teak , rubber , fruits, nuts, and flowers. Many of the medicines we use today come from plants found only in tropical rainforests. These include quinine , a malaria drug; curare , an anesthetic used in surgery; and rosy periwinkle , which is used to treat certain types of cancer . Sustainable forestry practices are critical for ensuring we have these resources well into the future. One of these practices is leaving some trees to die and decay naturally in the forest. This “ deadwood ” builds up soil. Other sustainable forestry methods include using low-impact logging practices, harvesting with natural regeneration in mind, and avoiding certain logging techniques , such as removing all the high-value trees or all the largest trees from a forest. Trees can also be conserved if consumers recycle . People in China and Mexico, for example, reuse much of their wastepaper, including writing paper, wrapping paper, and cardboard. If half the world’s paper were recycled, much of the worldwide demand for new paper would be fulfilled, saving many of Earth’s trees. We can also replace some wood products with alternatives like bamboo , which is actually a type of grass. Soil Soil is vital to food production. We need high-quality soil to grow the crops that we eat and feed to livestock . Soil is also important to plants that grow in the wild. Many other types of conservation efforts, such as plant conservation and animal conservation, depend on soil conservation. Poor farming methods, such as repeatedly planting the same crop in the same place, called monoculture , deplete nutrients in the soil. Soil erosion by water and wind increases when farmers plow up and down hills. One soil conservation method is called contour strip cropping . Several crops, such as corn, wheat, and clover , are planted in alternating strips across a slope or across the path of the prevailing wind . Different crops, with different root systems and leaves, help slow erosion.

Harvesting all the trees from a large area, a practice called clearcutting , increases the chances of losing productive topsoil to wind and water erosion. Selective harvesting —the practice of removing individual trees or small groups of trees—leaves other trees standing to anchor the soil. Biodiversity Biodiversity is the variety of living things that populate Earth. The products and benefits we get from nature rely on biodiversity. We need a rich mixture of living things to provide foods, building materials, and medicines, as well as to maintain a clean and healthy landscape . When a species becomes extinct , it is lost to the world forever. Scientists estimate that the current rate of extinction is 1,000 times the natural rate. Through hunting, pollution , habitat destruction, and contribution to global warming, people are speeding up the loss of biodiversity at an alarming rate. It’s hard to know how many species are going extinct because the total number of species is unknown. Scientists discover thousands of new species every year. For example, after looking at just 19 trees in Panama, scientists found 1,200 different species of beetles—80 percent of them unknown to science at the time. Based on various estimates of the number of species on Earth, we could be losing anywhere from 200 to 100,000 species each year. We need to protect biodiversity to ensure we have plentiful and varied food sources. This is true even if we don’t eat a species threatened with extinction because something we do eat may depend on that species for survival. Some predators are useful for keeping the populations of other animals at manageable levels. The extinction of a major predator might mean there are more herbivores looking for food in people’s gardens and farms. Biodiversity is important for more than just food. For instance, we use between 50,000 to 70,000 plant species for medicines worldwide. The Great Barrier Reef , a coral reef off the coast of northeastern Australia, contributes about $6 billion to the nation’s economy through commercial fishing , tourism , and other recreational activities. If the coral reef dies, many of the fish, shellfish , marine mammals , and plants will die, too. Some governments have established parks and preserves to protect wildlife and their habitats. They are also working to abolish hunting and fishing practices that may cause the extinction of some species. Fossil Fuels Fossil fuels are fuels produced from the remains of ancient plants and animals. They include coal , petroleum (oil), and natural gas . People rely on fossil fuels to power vehicles like cars and airplanes, to produce electricity, and to cook and provide heat. In addition, many of the products we use today are made from petroleum. These include plastics , synthetic rubber, fabrics like nylon , medicines, cosmetics , waxes, cleaning products, medical devices, and even bubblegum.

Fossil fuels formed over millions of years. Once we use them up, we cannot replace them. Fossil fuels are a nonrenewable resource. We need to conserve fossil fuels so we don’t run out. However, there are other good reasons to limit our fossil fuel use. These fuels pollute the air when they are burned. Burning fossil fuels also releases carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, contributing to global warming. Global warming is changing ecosystems . The oceans are becoming warmer and more acidic , which threatens sea life. Sea levels are rising, posing risks to coastal communities. Many areas are experiencing more droughts , while others suffer from flooding . Scientists are exploring alternatives to fossil fuels. They are trying to produce renewable biofuels to power cars and trucks. They are looking to produce electricity using the sun, wind, water, and geothermal energy — Earth’s natural heat. Everyone can help conserve fossil fuels by using them carefully. Turn off lights and other electronics when you are not using them. Purchase energy-efficient appliances and weatherproof your home. Walk, ride a bike, carpool , and use public transportation whenever possible. Minerals Earth’s supply of raw mineral resources is in danger. Many mineral deposits that have been located and mapped have been depleted. As the ores for minerals like aluminum and iron become harder to find and extract , their prices skyrocket . This makes tools and machinery more expensive to purchase and operate. Many mining methods, such as mountaintop removal mining (MTR) , devastate the environment. They destroy soil, plants, and animal habitats. Many mining methods also pollute water and air, as toxic chemicals leak into the surrounding ecosystem. Conservation efforts in areas like Chile and the Appalachian Mountains in the eastern United States often promote more sustainable mining methods. Less wasteful mining methods and the recycling of materials will help conserve mineral resources. In Japan, for example, car manufacturers recycle many raw materials used in making automobiles. In the United States, nearly one-third of the iron produced comes from recycled automobiles. Electronic devices present a big problem for conservation because technology changes so quickly. For example, consumers typically replace their cell phones every 18 months. Computers, televisions, and mp3 players are other products contributing to “ e-waste .” The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) estimates that Americans generated more than three million tons of e-waste in 2007. Electronic products contain minerals as well as petroleum-based plastics. Many of them also contain hazardous materials that can leach out of landfills into the soil and water supply. Many governments are passing laws requiring manufacturers to recycle used electronics. Recycling not only keeps materials out of landfills, but it also reduces the energy used to produce new products. For instance, recycling aluminum saves 90 percent of the energy that would be required to mine new aluminum.

Water Water is a renewable resource. We will not run out of water the way we might run out of fossil fuels. The amount of water on Earth always remains the same. However, most of the planet’s water is unavailable for human use. While more than 70 percent of Earth’s surface is covered by water, only 2.5 percent of it is freshwater . Out of that freshwater, almost 70 percent is permanently frozen in the ice caps covering Antarctica and Greenland. Only about 1 percent of the freshwater on Earth is available for people to use for drinking, bathing, and irrigating crops. People in many regions of the world suffer water shortages . These are caused by depletion of underground water sources known as aquifers , a lack of rainfall due to drought, or pollution of water supplies. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that 2.6 billion people lack adequate water sanitation . More than five million people die each year from diseases caused by using polluted water for drinking, cooking, or washing. About one-third of Earth’s population lives in areas that are experiencing water stress . Most of these areas are in developing countries. Polluted water hurts the environment as well as people. For instance, agricultural runoff—the water that runs off of farmland—can contain fertilizers and pesticides . When this water gets into streams , rivers , and oceans, it can harm the organisms that live in or drink from those water sources. People can conserve and protect water supplies in many ways. Individuals can limit water use by fixing leaky faucets, taking shorter showers, planting drought-resistant plants, and buying low-water-use appliances. Governments, businesses, and nonprofit organizations can help developing countries build sanitation facilities. Farmers can change some of their practices to reduce polluted runoff. This includes limiting overgrazing , avoiding over-irrigation, and using alternatives to chemical pesticides whenever possible. Conservation Groups Businesses, international organizations , and some governments are involved in conservation efforts. The United Nations (UN) encourages the creation of national parks around the world. The UN also established World Water Day, an event to raise awareness and promote water conservation. Governments enact laws defining how land should be used and which areas should be set aside as parks and wildlife preserves. Governments also enforce laws designed to protect the environment from pollution, such as requiring factories to install pollution-control devices. Finally, governments often provide incentives for conserving resources, using clean technologies, and recycling used goods. Many international organizations are dedicated to conservation. Members support causes such as saving rain forests, protecting threatened animals, and cleaning up the air. The International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) is an alliance of governments and private groups founded in 1948. The IUCN works to protect wildlife and habitats. In 1980, the group proposed a world conservation strategy . Many governments have used the IUCN model to develop their own conservation plans. In addition, the IUCN monitors the status of endangered wildlife, threatened national parks and preserves, and other environments around the world. Zoos and botanical gardens also work to protect wildlife. Many zoos raise and breed endangered animals to increase their populations. They conduct research and help educate the public about endangered species . For instance, the San Diego Zoo in the U.S. state of California runs a variety of research programs on topics ranging from disease control in amphibians to heart-healthy diets for gorillas. Scientists at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, in London, England, work to protect plant life around the world. Kew’s Millennium Seed Bank , for example, works with partners in 54 countries to protect biodiversity through seed collection. Kew researchers are also exploring how DNA technology can help restore damaged habitats. Individuals can do many things to help conserve resources. Turning off lights, repairing leaky faucets, and recycling paper, aluminum cans, glass, and plastic are just a few examples. Riding bikes, walking, carpooling, and using public transportation all help conserve fuel and reduce the amount of pollutants released into the environment. Individuals can plant trees to create homes for birds and squirrels. At grocery stores, people can bring their own reusable bags. And people can carry reusable water bottles and coffee mugs rather than using disposable containers. If each of us would conserve in small ways, the result would be a major conservation effort.

Tree Huggers The Chipko Movement, which is dedicated to saving trees, was started by villagers in Uttar Pradesh, India. Chipko means hold fast or embrace. The villagers flung their arms around trees to keep loggers from cutting them down. The villagers won, and Uttar Pradesh banned the felling of trees in the Himalayan foothills. The movement has since expanded to other parts of India.

Thirsty Food People require about 2 to 4 liters of drinking water each day. However, a day's worth of food requires 2,000 to 5,000 liters of water to produce. It takes more water to produce meat than to produce plant-based foods.

Tiger, Tiger Tigers are dangerous animals, but they have more to fear from us than we have to fear from them. Today there are only about 3,200 tigers living in the wild. Three tiger subspecies the Bali, Caspian, and Javan tigers have gone extinct in the past century. Many organizations are working hard to protect the remaining tigers from illegal hunting and habitat loss.

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Essay on Conservation of the Environment: Preserving Our Planet for Future Generations

Title: conservation of the environment: preserving our planet for future generations, introduction:.

The environment is the very foundation of our existence, providing us with the air we breathe, the water we drink, and the resources we depend upon for survival. However, the rapid pace of industrialization, urbanization, and unsustainable practices has put tremendous pressure on our ecosystems, endangering the delicate balance of nature. In this essay, we will delve into the importance of conserving the environment and discuss the measures we can take to preserve it for future generations.

1. Biodiversity Preservation:

One of the primary reasons for conserving the environment is to protect biodiversity, the incredible variety of life on Earth. Every species, from microscopic organisms to majestic animals, plays a crucial role in maintaining the equilibrium of ecosystems. By preserving biodiversity, we ensure the resilience and stability of ecosystems, which in turn benefits human health, agriculture, and overall well-being. Conservation efforts, such as the establishment of protected areas and the prevention of habitat destruction, are essential for safeguarding the intricate web of life.

2. Sustainable Resource Management:

Conserving the environment involves managing our natural resources in a sustainable manner. This means using resources responsibly, minimizing waste, and reducing our reliance on non-renewable sources. By embracing practices like recycling, energy efficiency, and sustainable agriculture, we can reduce our ecological footprint and ensure the long-term availability of vital resources. Sustainable resource management also includes protecting forests, which act as carbon sinks, provide habitat for countless species, and contribute to the overall health of our planet.

3. Climate Change Mitigation:

Environmental conservation is closely linked to mitigating climate change, one of the most pressing global challenges of our time. The burning of fossil fuels and deforestation have led to the accumulation of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, resulting in rising temperatures and severe weather events. By transitioning to clean and renewable energy sources, reducing greenhouse gas emissions, and promoting climate-friendly practices, we can limit the impacts of climate change and protect vulnerable ecosystems and communities.

4. Water and Air Quality Protection:

Conserving the environment also involves safeguarding the quality of our water and air, essential resources for all life forms. Pollution from industrial activities, improper waste disposal, and harmful agricultural practices has contaminated water bodies and compromised air quality. By implementing strict regulations, adopting sustainable practices, and investing in water and air treatment technologies, we can ensure clean and safe environments for current and future generations.

5. Environmental Education and Advocacy:

Education and awareness are pivotal in fostering a culture of environmental conservation. By educating individuals about the importance of environmental protection, we can empower them to make informed choices and take action. Environmental advocacy plays a crucial role in influencing policy decisions, promoting sustainable practices, and holding corporations and governments accountable for their environmental impact. By coming together as a global community, we can amplify our efforts and create a collective movement for the conservation of our planet.

Conclusion:

Conservation of the environment is not just a responsibility; it is a moral imperative for the survival and well-being of future generations. By preserving biodiversity, practicing sustainable resource management, mitigating climate change, and protecting water and air quality, we can ensure a sustainable and thriving planet. It is crucial for individuals, communities, governments, and organizations to work hand in hand to prioritize environmental conservation. By nurturing a deep respect and appreciation for nature, we can pave the way for a harmonious coexistence with our environment and secure a brighter future for all.

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Essay on Understanding and Nurturing Our Environment

The environment is everything that surrounds us – the air we breathe, the water we drink, the soil beneath our feet, and the diverse flora and fauna that inhabit our planet. It's not just a backdrop to our lives; it's the very essence of our existence. In this essay, we'll explore the importance of our environment, the challenges it faces, and what we can do to ensure a sustainable and thriving world for generations to come.

Our environment is a complex and interconnected web of life. Every living organism, from the tiniest microbe to the largest mammal, plays a crucial role in maintaining the balance of ecosystems. This delicate balance ensures the survival of species, including humans. For instance, bees pollinate plants, which produce the oxygen we breathe. Nature is a masterpiece that has evolved over millions of years, and we are just one small part of this intricate tapestry.

Importance of Environment

The environment is crucial for keeping living things healthy.

It helps balance ecosystems.

The environment provides everything necessary for humans, like food, shelter, and air.

It's also a source of natural beauty that is essential for our physical and mental health.

The Threats to Our Environment:

Unfortunately, our actions have disrupted this delicate balance. The rapid industrialization, deforestation, pollution, and over-exploitation of natural resources have led to severe environmental degradation. Climate change, driven by the increase in greenhouse gas emissions, is altering weather patterns, causing extreme events like floods, droughts, and storms. The loss of biodiversity is another alarming concern – species are disappearing at an unprecedented rate due to habitat destruction and pollution.

Impact of Human Activities on the Environment

Human activities like pollution, deforestation, and waste disposal are causing environmental problems like acid rain, climate change, and global warming. The environment has living (biotic) and non-living (abiotic) components. Biotic components include plants, animals, and microorganisms, while abiotic components include things like temperature, light, and soil.

In the living environment, there are producers (like plants), consumers (like animals), and decomposers (like bacteria). Producers use sunlight to make energy, forming the base of the food web. Consumers get their energy by eating other organisms, creating a chain of energy transfer. Decomposers break down waste and dead organisms, recycling nutrients in the soil.

The non-living environment includes climatic factors (like rain and temperature) and edaphic factors (like soil and minerals). Climatic factors affect the water cycle, while edaphic factors provide nutrients and a place for organisms to grow.

The environment includes everything from the air we breathe to the ecosystems we live in. It's crucial to keep it clean for a healthy life. All components of the environment are affected by its condition, so a clean environment is essential for a healthy ecosystem.

Sustainable Practices:

Adopting sustainable practices is a key step towards mitigating environmental degradation. This includes reducing our carbon footprint by using renewable energy, practicing responsible consumption, and minimizing waste. Conservation of natural resources, such as water and forests, is essential. Supporting local and global initiatives that aim to protect the environment, like reforestation projects and wildlife conservation efforts, can make a significant impact.

Education and Awareness:

Creating a sustainable future requires a collective effort, and education is a powerful tool in this regard. Raising awareness about environmental issues, the consequences of our actions, and the importance of conservation is crucial. Education empowers individuals to make informed choices and encourages sustainable practices at both personal and community levels.

Why is a Clean Environment Necessary?

To have a happy and thriving community and country, we really need a clean and safe environment. It's like the basic necessity for life on Earth. Let me break down why having a clean environment is so crucial.

First off, any living thing—whether it's plants, animals, or people—can't survive in a dirty environment. We all need a good and healthy place to live. When things get polluted, it messes up the balance of nature and can even cause diseases. If we keep using up our natural resources too quickly, life on Earth becomes a real struggle.

So, what's causing all this environmental trouble? Well, one big reason is that there are just so many people around, and we're using up a lot of stuff like land, food, water, air, and even fossil fuels and minerals. Cutting down a bunch of trees (we call it deforestation) is also a big problem because it messes up the whole ecosystem.

Then there's pollution—air, water, and soil pollution. It's like throwing a wrench into the gears of nature, making everything go wonky. And you've probably heard about things like the ozone layer getting thinner, global warming, weird weather, and glaciers melting. These are all signs that our environment is in trouble.

But don't worry, we can do things to make it better:

Plant more trees—they're like nature's superheroes, helping balance everything out.

Follow the 3 R's: Reuse stuff, reduce waste, and recycle. It's like giving our planet a high-five.

Ditch the plastic bags—they're not great for our landscapes.

Think about how many people there are and try to slow down the population growth.

By doing these things, we're basically giving our planet a little TLC (tender loving care), and that's how we can keep our environment clean and healthy for everyone.

Policy and Regulation:

Governments and institutions play a vital role in shaping environmental policies and regulations. Strong and enforceable laws are essential to curb activities that harm the environment. This includes regulations on emissions, waste disposal, and protection of natural habitats. International cooperation is also crucial to address global environmental challenges, as issues like climate change know no borders.

The Role of Technology:

Technology can be a double-edged sword in environmental conservation. While some technological advancements contribute to environmental degradation, others offer solutions. Innovative technologies in renewable energy, waste management, and sustainable agriculture can significantly reduce our impact on the environment. Embracing and investing in eco-friendly technologies is a step towards a greener and more sustainable future.

Conclusion:

Our environment is not just a collection of trees, rivers, and animals; it's the foundation of our existence. Understanding the interconnectedness of all living things and recognizing our responsibility as stewards of the Earth is essential. By adopting sustainable practices, fostering education and awareness, implementing effective policies, and embracing eco-friendly technologies, we can work towards healing our planet. The choices we make today will determine the world we leave for future generations – a world that can either flourish in its natural beauty or struggle under the weight of environmental degradation. It's our collective responsibility to ensure that it's the former.

FAQs on Environment Essay

1. What is the Environment?

The environment constitutes the entire ecosystem that includes plants, animals and microorganisms, sunlight, air, rain, temperature, humidity, and other climatic factors. It is basically the surroundings where we live. The environment regulates the life of all living beings on Earth.

2. What are the Three Kinds of Environments?

Biotic Environment: It includes all biotic factors or living forms like plants, animals, and microorganisms.

Abiotic Environment: It includes non-living factors like temperature, light, rainfall, soil, minerals, etc. It comprises the atmosphere, lithosphere, and hydrosphere.

Built Environment: It includes buildings, streets, houses, industries, etc.

3. What are the Major Factors that Lead to the Degradation of the Environment?

The factors that lead to the degradation of the environment are:

The rapid increase in the population.

Growth of industrialization and urbanization.

Deforestation is making the soil infertile (soil that provides nutrients and home to millions of organisms).

Over-consumption of natural resources.

Ozone depletion, global warming, and the greenhouse effect.

4. How do we Save Our Environment?

We must save our environment by maintaining a balanced and healthy ecosystem. We should plant more trees. We should reduce our consumption and reuse and recycle stuff. We should check on the increase in population. We should scarcely use our natural and precious resources. Industries and factories should take precautionary measures before dumping their wastes into the water bodies.

5. How can we protect Mother Earth?

Ways to save Mother Earth include planting more and more trees, using renewable sources of energy, reducing the wastage of water, saving electricity, reducing the use of plastic, conservation of non-renewable resources, conserving the different flora and faunas, taking steps to reduce pollution, etc.

6. What are some ways that humans impact their environment?

Humans have influenced the physical environment in many ways like overpopulation, pollution, burning fossil fuels, and deforestation. Changes like these have generated climate change, soil erosion, poor air quality, and undrinkable water. These negative impacts can affect human behavior and can prompt mass migrations or battles over clean water.

7. Why is the environment of social importance?

Human beings are social animals by nature. They spend a good amount of time in social environments. Their responsibility towards the environment is certainly important because these social environments might support human beings in both personal development goals as well as career development goals.

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Environmental Studies /

Environmental Conservation

Updated on
Nov 21, 2022

Human existence is quite impossible without the presence of a healthy ecosystem. Our environment comprises all living and non-living components and their interactions within a natural habitat. Environmental conservation has become one of the core issues that need to be addressed to battle climate change and global warming . Sustainable development is the need of the hour that can save mother earth from the repercussions of industrialization. In this blog, we will aim to elaborate upon environmental conservation , its needs and ways of conserving the environment.

This Blog Includes:

What is environment conservation, importance of environmental conservation, forest conservation , soil conservation, waste management, public awareness , pollution control , ways of conserving the environment, speech for environmental conservation, environmental conservation material for upsc, books on environment & environmental conservation, essays on environmental conservation, environmental conservation ppt.

International Day of Nature Conservation is held on the 28th of July around the world annually.

Environmental conservation is a practice that paves the way for protecting the environment and natural resources on the individual, organisational as well as governmental levels.

Various core environmental issues are taking a heavy toll on human lives. Ranging from overpopulation, hydrological issues, ozone depletion, and global warming to deforestation, desertification and pollution , all these issues pose a severe threat to the existence of humankind. Unless environmental conservation is becoming an effective mass movement, it is futile to expect positive growth especially in the age of digital media which holds the potential to bring a revolution to save our planet from destruction.

Also Read: Importance of Climate Crisis Classes

It has become inherently important to work towards environmental conservation in contemporary times. The following pointers elucidate this crucial need to save the environment from further degradation:

To reduce air , water and land pollution
To facilitate the conservation of natural resources for our future generations
To ensure the protection of biodiversity
To implement sustainable development
To restore the ecological balance
To save our planet from harmful repercussions of global warming

“A true conservationist is a man who knows that the world is not given by his fathers, but borrowed from his children.” John James Audubon

Check Out: How To Become an Environmentalist?

What are the Methods of Environmental Conservation?

Now that you are familiar with the meaning and importance of Environmental Conservation, let’s understand the core methods through which it can be effectively facilitated:

We know that plants and trees are the essential sources of air, food as well as other day-to-day products we use. Forests are the dwelling place of different living creatures and a single disturbance in the ecosystem can cause disruption in the water cycle as well as the food chain . Thus, afforestation is amongst the core Environmental conservation and aims to plant more trees as well as save the existing ones from cutting down as trees play a crucial role in maintaining the ecological balance.

The Global Day of Forests celebrated internationally on 21 March, is an incentive to recognize the vital importance of forests for human and environmental wellbeing.

As one of the prominent methods for environmental conservation, the need for soil conservation has arisen to tackle the harmful effects of soil pollution . On earth , the soil is the main element that plays a pivotal role in soil erosion, land degradation and floods. Soil is filled with rich nutrients for plant production. Soil conservation can be carried out by ensuring minimal use of fertilizers and venomous chemicals as well as abolishing the disposal of harmful industrial waste in the soil.

Especially in developing countries and congested places, on a daily basis, a large amount of waste is thrown away recklessly on the streets and roads. The improper disposal of waste segregation can lead to various dreadful diseases as well as soil pollution.

To ensure minimal wastage as well as facilitate waste disposal, we can opt for various techniques like the 3R’s, i.e. Reduce, Reuse and Recycle, dry and wet waste segregation, amongst others.

Also Read: How to Become an Environmental Chemist?

With the boom of information technology and the advent of digital media, public awareness pertaining to environmental conservation can potentially yield promising results. There is a dire need to aware the masses of the consequences of environmental pollution and degradation. Further, every individual should be made conscious of how they are polluting the environment and what steps can be taken to implement environmental conservation, be it through using greener energy sources to following the 3Rs of Reduce, Recycle and Reuse.

Every year on the 2nd of December, India observes National Pollution Control Day in remembrance of the memory of those who lost their lives in the tragic 1984 Bhopal Gas Tragedy.

As the increase in temperature is concerning, there is a need to keep a watch on the toxic compounds we ingest that pollute the atmosphere. We need to adopt environmentally sustainable methods to minimise multiple forms of emissions, such as eliminating waste, saving electricity, limiting the unnecessary usage of fertilisers, insecticides and pesticides, and using energy-efficient appliances, among others.

“In nature’s economy the currency is not money, it is life.” Vandana Shiva

Also Read: Environmental Science Courses

Here are some ways of conserving the environment:

Deforestation must be stopped
Natural non-renewable resources must be utilized properly
Every year, we lose a huge number of forest life due to forest fire. We must find a solution to this.
Afforestation is the best way to conserve the environment
Create public awareness
Control pollution and population
Recycle goods
Adopt an environment-friendly lifestyle
Adopt waste management techniques
Species on the verge of extension should be saved.

Good morning everyone. My name is _____ and my topic for today’s assessment is the Save Environment. What’s the biggest threat to everyone globally? Is it the decreasing currency rate or fewer jobs? Other than these, one of the major issues we are facing today is the adverse implications on mother earth. We want our houses to be clean, and our school uniforms to be always ironed so why are we not concerned about the place we all live in? Melting glaciers, natural calamities, climate change, and shortage of water are just some major alarming points, if we don’t do something today there will be more consequences. Environmental pollution can not be pinned on a single country or individual we all have been participating in it directly or indirectly and we certainly won’t be able to change it back to normal in a day but little effort every day can lead to a big change.

Although the environment or environment conservation syllabus for the UPSC Civil Services Mains exam is less, we still suggest our UPSC aspirants not to leave important topics on environment and environment conservation. Given below is a list of important topics and sub-topics on the environment that you must study if you are preparing for the UPSC Civil services examination for future:

Conservation of Soil and Land
Water and Energy Conservation
Biodiversity and Environment Conservation
Conservation of other Natural Resources
Water Conservation at Different Levels
Energy Conservation
Disasters and their Management
Yojana on Disaster Management.
Disaster Management Report (in brief)
National Environmental Issues
Global Environmental Issues
Environmental Pollution
Pollution (in brief)
Environment and Health
Environmental Legislation
Environmental Related Institutions and Organisations
Environmental Impact assessment

Note: These materials are adequate for preparing the static portion of the syllabus’s environment-related subjects. Aside from the materials listed above, you must research current environmental issues in newspapers and publications. You may also study the above-mentioned topics by consulting NCERT books.

“It’s hard to celebrate the world when it vanishes piece by piece, but I’m still an optimist. I’m sure it doesn’t pay to be too serious all the time, even about issues such as global warming.” Si mon Drew

Confused about how to write an essay on Environment Conservation? Here are some sample essays on Environment Conservation:

Essay on Environment
Essay on Save Environment
Essay on Sustainable Development
Essay on Global Warming
Essay on Pollution
Sustainable Management of Natural Resources

The prevention, management and conservation of natural habitat and species are known as environmental conservation.

Here are some common methods for the same: 1. Use cotton bags and say no to plastic 2. Use less water and find ways to save water 3. Recycling 4. Waste Management 5. Sustainable development

Life is possible on earth just because we have a perfect environment to live in. It is our responsibility to provide the same or similar experience to the upcoming generation. To save life on earth, it is essential to save the environment.

1. Environmental Conservation 2. Animal conservation 3. Marine Conservation 4. Human Conservation

Hence, we hope that this insightful blog on environmental conservation has helped you understand its importance and ways of conserving the environment from further deterioration. Planning to study Environmental Sciences? Sign up for an e-meeting with our Leverage Edu experts and we will assist you in selecting the right course and university that fits your interests, skills and preferences.

Team Leverage Edu

13 comments

Very clear and helpful notes

Hi Charles, Thanks for your feedback!

This is the format I was looking for ! Thank you LEVERAGE EDU

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Nice answer

Hey Sushmita!

Thank you for your comment. If you enjoyed our blog on Environmental Conservation then do check out similar blogs like

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Glad the blog helped you!

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What Is Environmentally Sustainable Society Essay

What is environmentally sustainable society? What does it compose of and how does it grow economically? Find all the answers in this environmental sustainability essay example!

Introduction

Environmentally sustainable society

Works Cited

The environment is an essential component of human life in their daily life. An environmentally sustainable society meets the needs of the individuals in society without causing the destruction of natural resources and protects it for the future generation. Environmentalists are people who advocate for an environmentally sustainable society. Environmentalists emphasize the importance of the environment and seek to influence political processes to include policies that protect natural resources. The following is a discussion on how an environmentally sustainable society can be achieved.

Environmentally Sustainable Society

An environmentally sustainable society can be achieved if the natural resources are taken care of by the present generation to mind future generations. The purpose is to ensure that there is continuity of the people in the society. The environment to sustain society can be achieved if policies that advocate for the protection of the environment are enacted.

To sustain society, the environment should be conserved, refurbished, and improved. Major concerns are environmental pollution, land, ecology, biodiversity, and ethics concerning the environment. The political environmentalist actively campaigns about conservation of the environment. The lobby and support education concerning the preservation and improvement of natural resources. They emphasize that individual behavior should be geared towards the preservation of the environment.

Environmental conservation initiatives will make society come up with schemes to protects and sustain the environment for future societies. Such initiatives will lead to renewable energy as an alternative to sources of fuel that are harmful to the environment. Alternatives to electrical energy are sort (Costa and Kahn 1).

Environmental movements are effective in forming initiatives that maintain society by sustaining the environment. The movements have fewer followers than other ideologies. The curriculum has been introduced in some of the education systems to incorporate policies that are relevant to the preservation of the environment and society. The movements emphasize human rights, health concerns, and ecology, which are necessary for the well being of every individual in society.

To achieve an environmentally sustainable society, the oppression of minority societies should be halted. The minorities have been oppressed, where industrial waste has been dumped close to their neighborhood. Other injustices have been in the form of industries polluting water and polluting air, affecting the societies living close to the industries. Other organizations have made weak infrastructure that has collapsed and injured members of the society. Others have been exposed to chemical toxins that have been carelessly handled by major institutions. To overcome the injustices and oppression of the members of society, environmental movements suggest that the implementation of policies that protect people and the environment should be fastened.

To attain an environmentally sustainable society, the progress of the society should be taken care of in relation to the environment. The needs of the society should be met to elongate their life and to enable them live a fulfilling life with health. The society needs to access safe and clean water for consumption. They also need a supply of food to sustain them. Protecting the environment will ensure that present and future generations can acquire safe water and food. Children are entitled to a safe environment. The society should reduce factors that may lead to infant mortality (McCarthy 1).

In line with Dunlap and McCright (1), environmentalists argue that human beings are responsible for the changes in environment. They also argue that the power to restore the environment is in their hands. Instead of viewing the future as a time where the inevitable will happen, the society should take action to restore the environment. Since global warming is viewed as a threat, the human society can do what the environmentalists recommend. Environmentalists recommend that people plant trees and protect natural habitats of plants and animals.

Political supporters of natural environment have introduced national parks and national forests. Government’s protection of the forest and ecology ensures that the ecosystem balance is maintained. It also shows commitment of the government to the continuity of its people. Regulations on the environment play a major role in environmentally sustainable society.

Prevention of war is essential. War affects the environment and the society. War causes destruction of the environment and infrastructure. What is more is that human being lives are lost. Changes that foster peace are necessary to enable people live productive lives and cause positive change to the environment.

Environmentalism views other form of economic system as destructive to the environment that the society it protects depends on. Economic ideologies that seek to increase productivity and revenue by utilizing industrial technology with harmful emissions and pollution to the environment are discouraged. The scientific evidence on environmental change has made more environmentalists to emphasize the need to rehabilitate natural resources. Scientific evidence points at destruction of atmosphere, different forms of pollution and health problems as evidence.

Other concerns of the environmentalist are the ability to provide food for the increasing population against the challenges of climate changes. The state has a responsibility of protecting its citizens against starvation by implementing policies and schemes that will enable production of food. Protecting the environment will benefit the entire human race on earth.

The environment is important to the human society. An environmentally sustainable society can be achieved if the society conserves and improves the natural resources. Environmentalists seek to influence policy making to conserve the environment. The major concerns of the environmentalists are the change in climate, environmental pollution, biodiversity, ecosystem, preservation of land and environmental ethics.

To sustain the society the environment should be protected for present and future generations. Environmental movements make proposals on the best ways of conserving the environment. There are initiatives to change to alternative energy sources and provide safe environment for the society. Oppression of the minority communities by exposing them to industrial waste and garbage is discouraged. Policies that enhance security and safety of water and food are adopted. Industrial emissions and chemicals that contaminate the environment are dejected. Curriculum in schools includes environmental studies which encourage environmental conservation.

The public is also given information on the environment. Evidence from scientists emphasizes the need for environmental conservation. Peace and the well being of society are encouraged. Human health is also up help if environmentally sustainable society is pursued. Planting of trees, protecting the existing ecosystem and other natural resources is the emphases that will help the society attain sustainability of the society.

Costa, Dora & Kahn, Mathew. Energy conservation “nudges” and environmentalist ideology: Evidence from a randomized residential electricity field experiment , 2010. Web.

Dunlap, Riley and McCright, Aaron. A Widening Gap: Republican and Democratic Views on Climate Change , 2008. Web.

McCarthy, John. Progress and Its Sustainability.” Sustainability of Human Progress , 2010. Web.

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IvyPanda. (2023, October 31). What Is Environmentally Sustainable Society Essay. https://ivypanda.com/essays/environmentally-sustainable-society/

"What Is Environmentally Sustainable Society Essay." IvyPanda , 31 Oct. 2023, ivypanda.com/essays/environmentally-sustainable-society/.

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IvyPanda . 2023. "What Is Environmentally Sustainable Society Essay." October 31, 2023. https://ivypanda.com/essays/environmentally-sustainable-society/.

1. IvyPanda . "What Is Environmentally Sustainable Society Essay." October 31, 2023. https://ivypanda.com/essays/environmentally-sustainable-society/.

Bibliography

IvyPanda . "What Is Environmentally Sustainable Society Essay." October 31, 2023. https://ivypanda.com/essays/environmentally-sustainable-society/.

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Nature's Future, Our Future - The World Speaks

The IUCN World Commission on Protected Areas has compiled the voices of a range of global organisations and world leaders on the importance of protecting and conserving nature amidst the challenges of the COVID-19 pandemic. As the result of a global pandemic, we are witnessing an unprecedented call to transform human society and economies and thus reset the relationship between people and nature. This compilation aims to capture a critical moment, as we work together to build the momentum for transformative action to address the major crises of our planet by maintaining nature and ecosystems.

Photo: Rohit Singh / WWF

Rock Island State Park Rangers under COVID19 regulations

Photo: Holly Ingram

Photo: Richard Siggins

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To add to the compendium or submit a new statement on behalf of your organisation, please use this form.

Antonio Guterres, Director General, United Nations

“Making peace with nature is the defining task of the 21st century, it must be the top, top priority for everyone, everywhere.”

Kristalina Georgieva, Managing Director, International Monetary Fund

“The best memorial we can build for those who lost their lives in the pandemic is that greener, smarter, fairer world.”

Carlos Manuel Rodríguez, CEO and Chairperson, Global Environment Facility

“ When we look back in years to come, I truly believe that 2020, despite the suffering it unleashed on all of us, will be seen as the year where we took a decision, the proper decision, and a turning point happened.”

“I believe that the only way forward is to invest in nature and focus on a green recovery to prevent not just future pandemics but as well to prepare ourselves to fight ongoing environmental threats such as climate change, and biodiversity collapse.”

United Nations Decade of Restoration

“There has never been a more urgent need to restore damaged ecosystems than now. Ecosystems support all life on Earth. The healthier our ecosystems are, the healthier the planet - and its people. The UN Decade on Ecosystem Restoration aims to prevent, halt and reverse the degradation of ecosystems on every continent and in every ocean. It can help to end poverty, combat climate change and prevent a mass extinction. It will only succeed if everyone plays a part.”

HRH The Prince of Wales

“The current pandemic has brought unimaginable devastation to people's lives and livelihoods and national economies. At the same time, the green recovery offers an unprecedented opportunity to rethink and reset the ways in which we live and do business. I have long believed we need a shift in our economic model that places nature and the world's transition to net-zero at the heart of how we operate, prioritising the pursuit of sustainable inclusive growth in the decades to come.”

Dr Kathy MacKinnon

Chair, IUCN World Commission on Protected Areas (WCPA)

WCPA has pulled together this compilation of quotes and extracts from speeches of world leaders to capture a critical moment. As the result of a global pandemic we are witnessing an unprecedented call to transform human society and economies and reset the relationship between people and nature.

This collection is a contribution to the work of IUCN and the World Commission on Protected Areas. Please do what you can to amplify these messages by disseminating them to your networks, sharing with colleagues and influencers, distributing to students, sending to politicians or distributing through social media or any other means of communication. Change only happens when voices are raised: - by speaking together, we can be heard. We will try to keep the list evergreen and will set up a mechanism on the IUCN WCPA website to do so.

The calls for urgent transformative change have come from many quarters: major international institutions, politicians, business leaders, academics and religious thinkers - as well as from civil society. At a dark time for the world, this provides hope of a more rational and just future, based on science and respect for all life. We need to ensure that the inspirational quotes highlighted here will lead to positive action through ambitious conservation targets and a more sustainable future, with protected areas and other nature-based solutions at the heart of greener economic stimulus packages post- pandemic

The imperative to attain genuine sustainability is not new: it was heard nearly 50 years ago at the Stockholm Conference on the Human Environment, and is embedded in the UN Sustainable Development Goals and many other charters. The climate crisis, the catastrophic decline of ecosystems and species, and now the global pandemic show beyond doubt that humanity has no choice but to respond vigorously to these combined threats. That means moving rapidly to zero emissions, protecting and restoring earth’s natural systems, and shaping all policies to secure a healthy planet.

Many of the quotes call for the better protection of natural ecosystems - through networks of protected and conserved areas. WCPA supports the calls for an international goal of protecting 30% of the oceans and land by 2030 under new targets for the Convention on Biological Diversity. Protected and conserved areas are key to maintaining healthy ecosystems, protecting diverse natural habitats and wild species. When governed and managed effectively, they also support human health and well-being, contributing to food and water security, disaster risk reduction, climate mitigation and adaptation and local livelihoods. And we now know that they can also help to protect us against the scourge of future pandemics.

This compendium was compiled by the WCPA Vice Chair for Oceania, Penelope Figgis with assistance from other WCPA members, including the WCPA Task Force on COVID-19 and Protected Areas. WCPA will publish a Special Issue of the journal PARKS at the end of February containing papers on the impact of the Covid pandemic on protected and conserved areas and how society can move forward to a greener nature-centred recovery. The Special Issue will be available as a download at: https://parksjournal.com/

INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTIONS

United Nations

Antonio Guterres, Director General

"The State of the Planet" address Columbia University, December 2020

“Let’s be clear: human activities are at the root of our descent towards chaos.

But that means human action can help solve it.

Making peace with nature is the defining task of the 21st century. It must be the top, top priority for everyone, everywhere.

In this context, the recovery from the pandemic is an opportunity. We can see rays of hope in the form of a vaccine. But there is no vaccine for the planet. Nature needs a bailout. In overcoming the pandemic, we can also avert climate cataclysm and restore our planet.

This is an epic policy test. But ultimately this is a moral test.”

“But we must remember: there can be no separating climate action from the larger planetary picture. Everything is interlinked – the global commons and global well-being. That means we must act more broadly, more holistically, across many fronts, to secure the health of our planet on which all life depends. Nature feeds us, clothes us, quenches our thirst, generates our oxygen, shapes our culture and our faiths and forges our very identity.

2020 was supposed to have been a “super year” for nature but the pandemic has had other plans for us. Now we must use 2021 to address our planetary emergency… we must act more broadly, more holistically, across many fronts, to secure the health of our planet on which all life depends. Nature feeds us, clothes us, quenches our thirst, generates our oxygen, shapes our culture and our faiths and forges our very identity.”

https://www.un.org/sg/en/content/sg/speeches/2020-12-02/address-columbia-university-the-state-of-the-planet

United Nations Congress on Trade and Development (UNCTAD)

September 2020

At the first‑ever global summit dedicated to biodiversity held virtually on 30 September, various leaders said the COVID-19 pandemic is an opportunity for countries to put bold and ambitious environmental action at the heart of their post‑coronavirus economic recovery strategies.

One of the tools at countries’ disposal is BioTrade – the collection, production, transformation and commercialisation of goods and services derived from biodiversity under BioTrade Principles and Criteria , a set of guidelines that emphasise environmental, social and economic sustainability.

“Linking trade, biodiversity and sustainable development is a compulsory pathway towards more resilience at community, private sector and, ultimately, national levels in post-COVID-19 recovery efforts,” said UNCTAD economic affairs officer Lorena Jaramillo.

https://unctad.org/system/files/information-document/ditc-ted-1410202-3scc-CallAction-2.pdf

Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)

Angel Gurría, OECD Secretary-General, & Pedro Sanchez, President of Spain

OECD Opinion, December 2020

The third priority is to support a transformative recovery and develop a new narrative on economic growth. National recovery and resilience plans constitute unique opportunities not just to jump-start our economies, but also to undertake bold and transformative action to make them more equal, cohesive and environmentally sound, in line with the 2030 Agenda and the Sustainable Development Goals. The COVID-19 crisis has increased inequalities, while climate change, biodiversity loss and other environmental emergencies loom large. Analysis by the OECD shows that ambitious climate action to decarbonise our economies can be a source of growth, incomes and jobs.

The Climate COP26 in Glasgow and the UN Biodiversity Conference, both to be held in 2021, will be tests for our collective determination. Our single, most important intergenerational responsibility is to protect the planet. This new narrative also requires fostering an economic and productivity growth model based on fair wages, decent working conditions and enhanced social dialogue.

Over the last decade, the OECD has been a leading voice in promoting an approach to economic growth that combines inclusiveness and environmental sustainability. Building on solid evidence and data, we need to work together to develop this narrative further, measuring outcomes beyond GDP, and developing a consensus around a new economic framework that reconciles people, prosperity and the planet.

We are living in extraordinary times. The challenges ahead are too significant for any one country to tackle them alone. Only through collective action will we be able to address them and “build back better” towards more resilient, more inclusive and greener economies and societies. With a long-term vision, a strong ambition and an enlightened sense of mission, as we celebrate the OECD’s 60th Anniversary, let us draw inspiration from its history and its accomplishments, to deliver better policies for better lives for the generations to come.”

https://www.oecd.org/newsroom/a-multilateral-agenda-for-a-strong-resilient-green-and-inclusive-recovery-from-covid-19-opinion-article-by-pedro-sanchez-and-angel-gurria.htm

World Health Organisation (WHO)

“On the occasion of World Environment Day, WHO calls for a healthy and green recovery from COVID-19 that places the protection and restoration of nature central.

A recently launched WHO Manifesto calls for decisive action to address the root causes of the COVID-19 pandemic by reducing social inequalities and ecosystem degradation, and transforming the way we relate to the environment in which we live.”

https://www.who.int/news-room/feature-stories/detail/world-environment-day-2020

WHO has published a set of Prescriptions for a healthy, green recovery from COVID-19 , of which the first prescription is to “Protect and preserve the source of human health: Nature.” An open letter to the G20 leaders from over 40 million health professionals also urged for a healthy recovery from COVID-19 where nature is thriving. A healthy recovery, the letter states, needs to double down on pollution, climate change and deforestation, in order to prevent “unleashing new health threats upon vulnerable populations”.

World Economic Forum (WEF)

Akanksha Khatri, Head of the Nature Action Agenda

F uture of Nature and Business Report, July 2020

The global COVID-19 pandemic has caused unprecedented job losses and economic uncertainty. As governments and businesses look to stimulate growth, a new study from the World Economic Forum found that ‘nature-positive’ solutions can create 395 million jobs by 2030.

The F uture of Nature and Business Report provides blueprints for businesses to tap into a $10.1 trillion business opportunity, focusing on industry actions that are nature-positive, meaning that they add value to nature.

The report states there is “no future for business as usual.” It finds that while fighting climate change is essential, it is “not enough,” and “a fundamental transformation” is needed across the socioeconomic systems of: food, land, and ocean use; infrastructure and the built environment; and extractives and energy. http://sdg.iisd.org/news/wef-report-makes-case-for-nature-positive-economy/

“We can address the looming bio-diversity crisis and reset the economy in a way that creates and protects millions of jobs,” said Akanksha Khatri, Head of the Nature Action Agenda, World Economic Forum. “Public calls are getting louder for businesses and government to do better. We can protect our food supplies, make better use of our infrastructure and tap into new energy sources by transitioning to nature-positive solutions.”

https://www.weforum.org/press/2020/07/395-million-new-jobs-by-2030-if-businesses-prioritize-nature-says-world-economic-forum/

Food and Agricultural Organisation (FAO)

Qu Dongyu, Director General

World Environment Day Speech, June 2020

“The 2020 World Environment Day theme is “Time for nature” and it focuses on biodiversity. Biodiversity provides essential infrastructure to support all life on earth and it is also a key base of the ecosystem. More importantly, it is a base, genetic base for food diversity.

It is an excellent opportunity to rethink the relationship among humans, animals, and the environment. The recent events, from the locust infestations across East Africa, to the fall army worm, and now the global disease pandemic, demonstrates the interdependency of humans, animals and the environment.”

FAO launched its flagship report on the State of World Biodiversity for Food and Agriculture. This report highlights the need to protect our natural resources including biodiversity and the need to conserve and use genetic resources to increase productivity.

We know that we can produce enough food to feed the world and protect the environment at the same time. Eradicating hunger is essential.

The FAO adopted its Strategy on Mainstreaming Biodiversity across agriculture sectors, a strategy that automatically aims at reducing the negative impact of agriculture practices on biodiversity, to promote sustainable agriculture practices and to conserve, enhance, preserve and restore biodiversity as a whole.

http://www.fao.org/director-general/speeches/detail/fr/c/1288134/

United Nations Development Program (UNDP)

Achim Steiner, Administrator

Launch of the 2020 Human Development Report , December 2020

“Scientists call this emerging era, the Anthropocene – or the age of humans. And in it, as the 2020 Human Development Report (HDR) sets out, humanity is waging a war against itself.

Consider this: the total mass of the things humans have made - like buildings, roads and bottle tops — now exceeds the total mass of all living things on the planet, from tiny bacteria to giant whales, according to new research.

Today, humans literally have the power to alter the atmosphere and the biosphere in which we live. The power to destroy, and the power to repair. No species has ever had that kind of power before. With it, we humans have achieved incredible things, but we have also taken the Earth and all the people on it to the brink.”

This year, constrained by mostly pre-pandemic data, we decided to try something new. We added countries’ consumption and carbon footprints to the Human Development Index (HDI). The result is a less rosy but clearer analysis of human progress.

Plotting out the data on a graph reveals a profound insight: there are countries that leave a minimal imprint on the planet. There are countries with prosperous populations. But not one nation in the world sits in both camps. In the graphs used to illustrate this data in the report we have, quite literally, an ‘empty box’. Filling this empty box is the next frontier for human development.

This may sound daunting. But the way forward is not rocket science. It comes down to the incentives, social norms, and nature-based solutions that will reset how people and planet interact. And the choices leaders make today as they build forward better from COVID-19 will be fundamental.

https://www.undp.org/content/undp/en/home/news-centre/speeches/2020/rbec-launch-of-the-2020-human-development-report.html

United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO) Audrey Azoulay, Director-General

Launch of Strategic Direction for UNESCO, December 2020

If we are to build sustainable societies, the environment must be preserved through the promotion of science, technology, and natural heritage. Respondents to the World in 2030 survey named climate change and biodiversity loss the greatest challenge to peaceful societies this decade – and also called for the relationship between humans and nature to be rethought… the second great challenge of our time lies in the imperative need for humanity to find a sustainable way of interacting with nature.

“Through our new strategy, we must respond to this challenge, mobilising knowledge, but also education and culture, and disseminating information, to achieve a decisive change in humanity's relationship with its environment.”

One way of achieving this – one with growing global consensus – will be to protect 30% of the planet for nature. UNESCO’s networks of biosphere reserves, geoparks and natural World Heritage sights, says Azoulay, are tried and tested tools to this end. Recently, 25 new sites have been designated as biosphere reserves. Other important UNESCO projects that help improve the relationship between humans and nature include a new agreement with Italy to establish a network of international experts for nature preservation, and the UN Decade of Ocean Science, for which UNESCO has a leading role.

https://en.unesco.org/news/unesco-director-general-audrey-azoulay-charts-new-strategic-direction

UN Human Rights Council

Right to a healthy environment: good practices: Report of the Special Rapporteur on the issue of human rights obligations relating to the enjoyment of a safe, clean, healthy and sustainable environment , December 2019

“In the present report, the Special Rapporteur highlights good practices in the recognition and implementation of the human right to a safe, clean, healthy and sustainable environment. The term “good practice” is defined broadly to include laws, policies, jurisprudence, strategies, programmes, projects and other measures that contribute to reducing adverse impacts on the environment, improving environmental quality and fulfilling human rights. The good practices address both the procedural and substantive elements of the right to a safe, clean, healthy and sustainable environment. The procedural elements are access to information, public participation, and access to justice and effective remedies. The substantive elements include clean air, a safe climate, access to safe water and adequate sanitation, healthy and sustainably produced food, non-toxic environments in which to live, work, study and play, and healthy biodiversity and ecosystems.”

European Central Bank

Christine Lagarde, President, with Sir David Attenborough, natural historian

International Monetary Fund Podcasts, May 2019

In nature, everything is connected. This is equally true of a healthy environment and a healthy economy. We cannot hope to sustain life without taking care of nature. And we need healthy economies to lift people out of poverty and achieve the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals.

In our current model these goals sometimes seem to collide, and our economic pursuits encroach too closely on nature. But nature—a stable climate, reliable freshwater, forests, and other natural resources—is what makes industry possible. It is not one or the other. We cannot have long-term human development without a steady climate and a healthy natural world.

The bottom line is that when we damage the natural world, we damage ourselves. The impact of our growing economic footprint threatens our own future directly. By some estimates, more than 50 percent of the world’s population is now urbanised, increasing the likelihood of people losing touch with nature.

With the projected rise in ocean levels and increase in the average temperature of the planet, large swaths of land, even whole countries, will become uninhabitable, triggering mass climate-induced migration. Never has it been more important to understand how the natural world works and what we must do to preserve it.

https://www.imf.org/en/News/Podcasts/All-Podcasts/2019/05/02/nature-is-our-capital

European Commission

Ursula von der Leyen, President

“The recovery plan turns the immense challenge we face into an opportunity, not only by supporting the recovery but also by investing in our future: the European Green Deal and digitalisation will boost jobs and growth, the resilience of our societies and the health of our environment. This is Europe's moment. Our willingness to act must live up to the challenges we are all facing. With Next Generation EU we are providing an ambitious answer.”

https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/ip_20_940

We Mean Business Coalition

150 global companies with a combined market capitalisation of over US$ 2.4 trillion and representing over 5 million employees signed a statement urging governments around the world to align their COVID-19 economic aid and recovery efforts with the latest climate science. They reaffirmed their own science-based commitments to achieving zero carbon economy and call on governments to match their ambition.

Ignacio Galán, Chairman and CEO, Iberdrola, said: “The world must be united to tackle the current health crisis. And, as we emerge from this crisis, we must focus economic recovery on activities aligned with key priorities, such as the fight against climate change, and reactivating economic activity and employment quickly and sustainably. Companies like ours remain committed to investing billions in clean energy, creating jobs and long-term economic and environmental benefits. Pursuing environmental sustainability will be essential for long-term economic recovery.”

The business voices are convened by the Science Based Targets initiative (SBTi) and its Business Ambition for 1.5 C campaign partners, the UN Global Compact and the We Mean Business coalition.

https://sciencebasedtargets.org/news/over-150-global-corporations-urge-world-leaders-for-net-zero-recovery-from-covid-19

World Resources Institute

Charles Barber, Senior Biodiversity Advisor

Report Chair, COVID-19 Response and Recovery: Nature-Based Solutions for People, Planet & Prosperity , October 2020

CEOs from 22 leading conservation and sustainable development organisations, including the World Resources Institute, have come together in unparalleled consensus to urge policymakers to integrate nature into COVID-19 response and recovery efforts. The group preleased a set of recommendations for policymakers, COVID-19 Response and Recovery: Nature-Based Solutions for People, Planet and Prosperity.

“The COVID-19 pandemic has shown the world that the destruction of our natural environment has a profound impact on human wellbeing – these issues are interconnected.

Our community of experts agrees that taking a nature-based approach is absolutely essential for nature and is often the most effective way of tackling the corresponding public health and economic crises.

"The Nature-Based recommendations for policymakers provide a concise and practical roadmap for governments and other stakeholders to confront the intertwined challenges of COVID-19, biodiversity loss, climate change and sustainable development.”

https://www.wri.org/news/2020/10/statement-covid-19-response-and-recovery-nature-based-solutions-people-planet-prosperity

Partnership for Action on Green Economy (PAGE)

“In the midst of our global response to COVID-19 , the world is in need of an economic transformation, one that promotes both the sustainable wellbeing of individuals as well as the environment in tandem. We have arrived at a turning point. The challenges we face now, together, are tremendous. But in the face of current adversity, and the near halt of our global economy, we have a collective opportunity to join together for a brighter, more sustainable future. The decisions that policymakers, businesses and individuals choose now will determine if we prosper and accelerate a more sustainable world, or not.”

https://www.unenvironment.org/news-and-stories/statements/statement-partnership-action-green-economy-choices-we-make-now-will

INTERNATIONAL LEADERS

Joseph Biden

President, United States of America

On signing an Executive order calling for the reversal of many negative environmental policies and for a renewed commitment to environmental and human health 20 January 2021

“Our Nation has an abiding commitment to empower our workers and communities; promote and protect our public health and the environment; and conserve our national treasures and monuments, places that secure our national memory. Where the Federal Government has failed to meet that commitment in the past, it must advance environmental justice. In carrying out this charge, the Federal Government must be guided by the best science and be protected by processes that ensure the integrity of Federal decision-making. It is, therefore, the policy of my Administration to listen to the science; to improve public health and protect our environment; to ensure access to clean air and water; to limit exposure to dangerous chemicals and pesticides; to hold polluters accountable, including those who disproportionately harm communities of colour and low-income communities; to reduce greenhouse gas emissions; to bolster resilience to the impacts of climate change; to restore and expand our national treasures and monuments; and to prioritise both environmental justice and the creation of the well-paying union jobs necessary to deliver on these goals.

To that end, this order directs all executive departments and agencies (agencies) to immediately review and, as appropriate and consistent with applicable law, take action to address the promulgation of Federal regulations and other actions during the last 4 years that conflict with these important national objectives, and to immediately commence work to confront the climate crisis.”

https://whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/presidential-actions/2021/01/20/executive-order-protecting-public-health-and-environment-and-restoring-science-to-tackle-climate-crisis/

Angela Merkel

Federal Chancellor, Germany

One Planet Summit, January 2021

“Natural habitats are being destroyed every day. We risk losing around a quarter of most plant and animal species. These drastic losses have a grave impact on life and quality of life, including for us humans. And so, we must step up our efforts to protect biodiversity and natural habitats – not some time or other, but now, and not somehow or other, but monumentally. If we do not, the consequences will soon be irreversible.”

“We humans can only truly flourish on a healthy planet with a rich and healthy tapestry of animals and plants. This is the core of the One Health approach. We have worked with France to launch the One Health High-Level Expert Panel. This panel aims to facilitate cooperation between the WHO, the FAO, World Organisation for Animal Health and the UN Environment Programme.”

https://www.bundesregierung.de/breg-en/news/opening-statement-by-federal-chancellor-dr-angela-merkel-at-the-one-planet-summit-for-biodiversity-1836134

Justin Trudeau

Prime Minister, Canada

World Environment Day, June 2020

“Biodiversity and healthy ecosystems are vital to our health and continued prosperity. This year, as we practice physical distancing and spend more time than usual in our homes to keep our families and communities safe during COVID-19, we are reminded of how important nature is to our well-being and everyday lives. As we look toward restarting our economy, we need to continue investing in the protection of our natural surroundings and the fight against climate change—because if you do not have a plan for the environment, you cannot have a plan for the economy. I encourage Canadians to do their part in creating a more equitable and sustainable world, and to take action to protect our environment. To take care of ourselves, we must take care of nature.

“Together, we can build a world that is cleaner, healthier, and more sustainable – today and for future generations.”

https://pm.gc.ca/en/news/statements/2020/06/05/statement-prime-minister-world-environment-day

“ If we do not act, the ecosystems on which we depend for our water, air, and food could collapse. .... We must work together to prevent future global health crises. By adopting measures to protect nature, fight climate change, and promote scientific knowledge, we will make 2021 a defining year in our collective efforts to save the planet.”

https://www.oneplanetsummit.fr/en

Greta Thunberg

Youth Advocate for Action Climate Change

World Economic Forum, January 2021,

“For me, hope is the feeling that keeps you going, even though all odds may be against you. For me hope comes from action not just words. For me, hope is telling it like it is. No matter how difficult or uncomfortable that may be.

And again, I’m not here to tell you what to do. After all, safeguarding the future living conditions and preserving life on earth as we know it is voluntary. The choice is yours to make.

But I can assure you this. You can't negotiate with physics. And your children and grandchildren will hold you accountable for the choices that you make. How's that for a deal?”

“Planting trees is good, of course, but it’s nowhere near enough of what needs to be done, and it cannot replace real mitigation or rewilding nature.”

https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2021/01/greta-thunberg-message-to-the-davos-agenda/

Sir David Attenborough

International filmmaker and conservation icon

From the film ‘A life on our Planet’, September 2020

“To restore stability to our planet, we must restore its biodiversity, the very thing that we’ve removed. It’s the only way out of this crisis we’ve created – we must rewild the world.”

President, China

United Nations (UN) Summit on Biodiversity. September 2020

“The loss of biodiversity and the degradation of the ecosystem pose a major risk to human survival and development. COVID-19 reminds us of the interdependence between man and Nature. It falls to all of us to act together and urgently to advance protection and development in parallel, so that we can turn Earth into a beautiful homeland for all creatures to live in harmony.”

“At present, there exists an acceleration of the global extinction of species. The loss of biodiversity and the degradation of the ecosystem pose a major risk to human survival and development. COVID-19 reminds us of the interdependence between man and Nature. It falls to all of us to act together and urgently to advance protection and development in parallel, so that we can turn Earth into a beautiful homeland for all creatures to live in harmony.”

“The industrial civilisation, while creating vast material wealth, has caused ecological crises as manifested in biodiversity loss and environmental damage. A sound ecosystem is essential for the prosperity of civilisation. We need to take up our lofty responsibility for the entire human civilisation, and we need to respect Nature, follow its laws and protect it.”

https://news.cgtn.com/news/2020-09-30/Full-text-Xi-Jinping-s-speech-at-UN-summit-on-biodiversity-Udo37GZogE/index.html

CEO of BlackRock

Annual letter to company leaders, January 2021

The CEO of the world's largest asset manager, BlackRock, which manages some $7 trillion for investors has urged global companies to publicly disclose their plans for how they will operate in a world with net-zero emissions by 2050. The CEO highlighted climate change as a business and investing priority in his annual letter to company leaders. He also called for a single global standard for sustainability disclosures, saying it would "enable investors to make more informed decisions about how to achieve durable long-term returns”.

“We know that climate risk is investment risk” “But we also believe the climate transition presents a historic investment opportunity.”

“I have great optimism about the future of capitalism and the future health of the economy -- not in spite of the energy transition, but because of it.”

https://abcnews.go.com/Business/blackrock-ceo-urges-companies-present-plans-net-economy/story?id=75488492

Volkan Bozkir (Turkey)

President, UN General Assembly

Opening the United Nations Summit on Biodiversity, 30 September 2020

“Humanity’s existence on Earth depends entirely on its ability to protect the natural world around it. Yet every year, 13 million hectares of forest are lost, while 1 million species are at risk of extinction. Meanwhile, species of vertebrates have declined by 68 per cent in the past 50 years. “Clearly, we must heed the lessons we have learned and respect the world in which we live,” he said, describing COVID‑19 as an opportunity to do just that through a post‑pandemic green recovery that emphasises the protection of biodiversity can lead to a more sustainable and resilient world.”

United Nations Summit on Biodiversity

Leaders Pledge for Nature

Political leaders participating in the UN Summit on Biodiversity, representing 82 countries from all regions and the European Union, September 2020

“We are in a state of planetary emergency: the interdependent crises of biodiversity loss and ecosystem degradation and climate change - driven in large part by unsustainable production and consumption - require urgent and immediate global action. Science clearly shows that biodiversity loss, land and ocean degradation, pollution, resource depletion and climate change are accelerating at an unprecedented rate. This acceleration is causing irreversible harm to our life support systems and aggravating poverty and inequalities as well as hunger and malnutrition. Unless halted and reversed with immediate effect, it will cause significant damage to global economic, social and political resilience and stability and will render achieving the Sustainable Development Goals impossible. Biodiversity loss is both accelerated by climate change and at the same time exacerbates it, by debilitating nature’s ability to sequester or store carbon and to adapt to climate change impacts. Ecosystem degradation, human encroachment in ecosystems, loss of natural habitats and biodiversity and the illegal wildlife trade can also increase the risk of emergence and spread of infectious diseases. COVID-19 shows that these diseases have dramatic impacts not only on loss of life and health but across all spheres of society.”

https://www.leaderspledgefornature.org/

His Excellency Dr Mohamed Irfaan Ali

President, Guyana

Statement on behalf of The Group of 77 and China at the virtual UN Summit on Biodiversity, September 2020

“This Summit should galvanise the necessary political will for the post-2020 global biodiversity framework in line with the 2030 Agenda and energise stakeholders for the fifteenth meeting of the Conference of the Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity under the theme “Ecological civilisation: building a shared future for all life on Earth.”

Relaying the concerns of the G77, President Ali stated that “our development challenges have been exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic and its impact will continue to be felt well into the future. The pandemic is also jarring reminder of the important relationship between people and nature. There must be urgent and significant actions to reduce the degradation of natural habitats, halt biodiversity loss, protect and prevent the extinction of threatened species. The international community must strengthen efforts to counter these trends and protect the ecosystems, on both land and water.”

Speaking in his national capacity President Ali reminded of the important ecosystem services provided by Guyana’s forest and Guyana’s commitment to low carbon development. Since 1929, Guyana has used protected areas as models for sustainable livelihoods and living in harmony with nature.

https://www.g77.org/statement/getstatement.php?id=200930

Mary Robinson

Former President of Ireland

“We will not reach the goals of the Paris Climate Agreement without fully embracing nature-based solutions and protecting at least 30 percent of the world’s land and ocean by 2030.”

H.E. Barbara Creecy

Minister of Environment of South Africa & President of the African Ministerial Conference on the Environment

8th special session of the African Ministerial Conference on the Environment, December 2020

“Whilst this Pandemic is having a profound negative impact on sustainable development and our efforts to combat environmental degradation and eradicate poverty, it also presents opportunities to set our recovery on a path of transformative sustainable development. Many governments and regions are prioritising a green recovery as part of their stimulus packages to address the crisis.”

“Now more than ever, it is imperative to work together as Africa and take collective and resolute action to deal with the socio-economic and environmental fallout from this crisis, for the benefit of the Continent. There is indeed a compelling case for the environment and rich natural resources of the African Continent, if utilised in a sustainable manner, to contribute significantly to the Continent’s recovery from the impacts of the Pandemic.”

https://www.gov.za/speeches/opening-remarks-he-barbara-creecy-minister-environment-forestry-and-fisheries-south-africa

Pacific Island Nations

Protected Areas and Conservation Conference Major Statement November 2020

The 10th Pacific Islands Conference on Protected Areas and Conservation was held online in November 2020. As part of the high-level segment of the Conference Ministers and heads of organisations of the Pacific Island Roundtable (PIRT) endorsed the Vemoore Declaration committing to urgent action for nature conservation. This Declaration aligns to the Conference Action Tracks and also essentially endorses the new Framework for Nature Conservation in the Pacific Islands region.

“We, representatives of the governments of Pacific Island countries and territories, our partner countries, and the Heads of Organisations of members of the Pacific Islands Round Table for Nature Conservation, gathered for the High-Level Session of the 10th Pacific Islands Conference on Nature Conservation and Protected Areas, declare that the global biodiversity crisis is urgent, and that transformative action must not be delayed.

This crisis is an existential threat to our Pacific Ocean, our Pacific Islands, and to ourselves as Pacific peoples. We join world leaders that met at the UN Summit on Biodiversity 2020 and recognised the current planetary emergency of interdependent crises of biodiversity loss and ecosystem degradation and climate change that requires urgent and immediate global action. We note with grave concern that none of the global 2011-2020 Aichi Biodiversity Targets have been fully met.

The Blue Pacific collectively calls for all countries to adopt a strong deal for nature and people, to reverse or halt the loss of our natural ecosystems and put nature on a path to recovery by 2030. The COVID-19 pandemic is a stark reminder of the dependency of all our societies on healthy and resilient natural ecosystems. Our necessary social and economic recovery from the pandemic is a regional and global opportunity to transform our collective relationship with the natural world, and to build back better. We recognise the potential of our Pacific Islands to lead the world in ecological stewardship, drawing on our rich indigenous heritage and the close relationship of our communities with the land, sea and sky.

https://www.sprep.org/publications/vemoore-declaration-commitments-to-nature-conservation-action-in-the-pacific-islands-region-2021-20251

Boris Johnson

Prime Minister, United Kingdom

Announcing Covid Green Recovery Plan, November 2020

“We will use science to rout the virus, and we must use the same extraordinary powers of invention to repair the economic damage from Covid-19, and to build back better. Now is the time to plan for a green recovery with high-skilled jobs that give people the satisfaction of knowing they are helping to make the country cleaner, greener and more beautiful.”

“Green and growth can go hand-in-hand. So let us meet the most enduring threat to our planet with one of the most innovative and ambitious programmes of job-creation we have known.”

https://www.ft.com/content/6c112691-fa2f-491a-85b2-b03fc2e38a30

Ban Ki-Moon

Former UN Secretary General

Quoted in BCG article ‘How Government Can Fuel a Green Recovery’, September 2020

“World leaders are committing unprecedented funds to recovery packages. Their choices will shape our economies and societies for decades, and determine whether we breathe clean air, create a sustainable low-carbon future and possibly even survive as a species.”

https://www.bcg.com/en-au/publications/2020/how-governments-can-fuel-green-recovery

Helen Clark

Former Prime Minister of New Zealand

Former Administrator of the United Nations Development Programme

“Although biodiversity loss continues globally, many countries are significantly slowing the rate of loss by shoring up protected natural areas and the services they provide, and in expanding national park systems with tighter management and more secure funding.”

http://www.morefamousquotes.com/authors/helen-clark-quotes/

Johnson Cerda

Indigenous Kichwa of the Ecuadorian Amazon

“Many Indigenous communities rely on nature for everything — from food and water to their livelihoods and culture. Though they account for only 5 percent of the world’s population, Indigenous peoples use or manage more than a quarter of Earth’s surface and protect 80 percent of global biodiversity. Indigenous peoples manage 35 percent of intact forests and at least a quarter of above-ground carbon in tropical forests.

Because of this intimate relationship with nature, we are the first ones to feel the impact of the climate crisis.”

“Rather than trying to take over lands or make all of the decisions of how to protect a certain area, governments and environmental organisations must instead work with Indigenous peoples to ensure that everyone’s interests are taken into account. Indigenous peoples have centuries’ worth of traditional knowledge to contribute to the fight to stop climate change and biodiversity loss. We all want to achieve the same goal — and the first step is making sure our voices are heard.”

https://www.conservation.org/blog/indigenous-leaders-to-tackle-climate-change-we-must-first-address-racial-inequality

Svenja Schulze

Federal Environment Minister, Germany

“I am committed to an ambitious strategy for the international conservation of biodiversity in line with the One Health approach to protect nature and our health.

The IPBES Global Assessment on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services shows that the global loss of biodiversity is dramatic. Natural habitats are being altered and destroyed. People are encroaching on these habitats, and biodiversity is declining drastically in many regions of the world.

The current situation in particular shows that these kinds of crises can only be contained or prevented through international coordination together with global partners. This can be achieved through bilateral and multilateral cooperation, for example, in the context of major campaigns such as the UN Decade for Ecosystem Restoration . Or by establishing binding international laws. The 15th Conference of the Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity next year represents an opportunity.

The international community can show that it has learned from the coronavirus pandemic. It can adopt a new global biodiversity strategy that includes the necessary measures for the global conservation of biodiversity, which will also reduce the risk of future pandemics.

The focus is reconciling economic activities with nature conservation, preserving ecosystems and protecting habitats.”

https://www.bmu.de/en/speech/speech-by-svenja-schulze-on-biodiversity-and-pandemic/

High Ambition Coalition

Statement on Resilient Recovery, June 2020

“The COVID-19 crisis has shown the intrinsic linkages between planetary and human health, and the urgent need to strengthen our global response to systemic threats. As we continue our efforts to address the ongoing climate crisis, an ambitious recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic that supports the vulnerable, creates jobs, and sets us on track to limit global warming to 1.5 °C is both possible and necessary.”

“The COVID-19 pandemic has also created an unprecedented moment for countries to reset their economies with climate-conscious recovery policies – and the HAC has once again heeded a call for ambitious action. At a June 2020 HAC virtual ministerial meeting, leaders endorsed the UN Secretary General’s six climate related principles for COVID recovery and called for solidarity measures in support of developing countries and encourages a target of 60% of recovery spending to focus on “the green economy and low-carbon professions

https://www.highambitioncoalition.org/statements/green-recovery-statement-2020

C40 Mayors’ Statement for a Green and Just Recovery

“Around the world, C40 Cities connects 97 of the world’s greatest cities to take bold climate action, leading the way towards a healthier and more sustainable future. Representing 700+ million citizens and one quarter of the global economy, mayors of the C40 cities are committed to delivering on the most ambitious goals of the Paris Agreement at the local level, as well as to cleaning the air we breathe.”

“In July we released the C40 Mayors’ Agenda for a Green and Just Recovery defining our vision, putting forward concrete policies and initiatives and calling for action by all governments and institutions to support our efforts. In less than four months, we have made crucial progress, showing what can be achieved when we act quickly, unlock funds and shift to a new green and just paradigm. Since then, we have taken bold action in our cities, including: the launch of the first city-led Green New Deal in Asia , funding programs supporting green start-ups and entrepreneurs, additional investments worth millions of dollars in zero emissions mobility, more liveable and affordable housing and resilient infrastructure. We are developing new programs to create thousands of new green jobs, upskill and train workers and have passed temporary protections for gig and essential workers. We have created dozens of kilometres of new, permanent walking and cycling lanes and have accelerated planting new trees and increasing greening in our cities.

In addition, 12 cities with 36 million residents are calling on city and pension funds with over US$295 billion in total assets to divest from fossil fuels. As mayors and representatives of many of the world’s leading cities representing over 700 million people and 25% GDP worldwide, we know we cannot achieve ambitious climate change goals alone. Therefore, we are committed to working with every citizen, company, government agency and international institution to deliver real outcomes. Our collective prize will be returning to a safer and healthier climate, achieving a more equitable economy, and recovering faster from the pandemic.

https://c40-production-images.s3.amazonaws.com/other_uploads/images/2684_C40_GREEN_RECOVERY_STATEMENT.original.pdf?1603819872

INTERNATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL INSTITUTIONS

International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN)

Extracts IUCN Statement on Covid 19, April 2020

A crisis, especially one of this intensity, inspires reflection and evokes difficult questions. Beyond the human tragedy, much attention has turned towards humanity’s relationship with the natural world and the impact of our activities. With an economic catastrophe resulting from the sudden and drastic halt of activity, many have observed that, beyond the human tragedy, our footprint on the planet has temporarily become lighter.

No doubt, this is a sign that we are capable of doing things differently, but to look on this as a positive outcome would be a grave mistake. The cost has been and will be enormous in terms of lost jobs, hardship and suffering. Furthermore, it is clear that the COVID-19 outbreak is also bringing new threats to indigenous peoples and rural communities, as well as exacerbated violence, in particular against women and girls as quarantine conditions make unsafe homes even more dangerous.

We can rebuild, but let us rebuild smarter. As a community we have been speaking of the need for transformational change – let us work together now to ensure we follow a thoughtful sustainable path. IUCN will continue to engage with women and men across communities to build and implement safe and gender-equitable solutions.

To draw a lesson from this ongoing tragedy, we should all vow to revisit the way we work. We must look at how we can reduce our footprint on the natural world by continuing to use the tools we are using now.

https://www.iucn.org/news/secretariat/202004/iucn-statement-covid-19-pandemic

Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD)

Elizabeth Mrema, Executive Director

Speaking at the launch UN’s Global Biodiversity Outlook report, September 2020

“As nature degrades new opportunities emerge for the spread to humans and animals of devastating diseases like this year’s coronavirus. The window of time available is short, but the pandemic has also demonstrated that transformative changes are possible when they must be made.”

“Earth’s living systems as a whole are being compromised, and the more humanity exploits nature in unsustainable ways and undermines its contributions to people, the more we undermine our own well-being, security and prosperity.”

The report amplifies the UN’s support for nature-based solutions , hailed as one of the most effective ways of combatting climate change. Alongside a rapid phase-out of fossil fuel use, they can provide positive benefits for biodiversity and other sustainability goals.

And, in relation to health concerns, and the spread of diseases from animals to humans, the report calls for a “One Health” transition, in which agriculture, the urban environment and wildlife are managed in a way that promotes healthy ecosystems and healthy people.

https://news.un.org/en/story/2020/09/1072292

United Nations Environment Program (UNEP)

UNEP and FAO briefing of UN Member Countries on the Decade of Ecosystem Restoration, December 2020

“There has never been a more urgent need to restore damaged ecosystems than now due to the rising impacts of climate change and the COVID-19 pandemic. It is a monumental task and everyone has a role to play. Ecosystems support all life on Earth, and their restoration can create jobs, build up resilience, and address climate change and biodiversity loss, all at the same time.

“Now, more than ever and over the next ten years, every action counts. The United Nations (UN) General Assembly has proclaimed the UN Decade of Ecosystem Restoration following a proposal for action by over 70 countries from around the world. The Decade runs from 2021 through 2030, coinciding with the deadline for the Sustainable Development Goals and with the timeline scientists have identified as the last chance to prevent catastrophic climate change.”

https://www.decadeonrestoration.org/stories/un-environment-and-fao-brief-member-states-new-york-upcoming-un-decade-ecosystem

Wildlife Conservation 20 (WC20),

Recommendations to Global Leaders at the G20 Summit in response to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, November 2020

Political and financial commitments to avert environmental crises that negatively impact people and our planet have yet to be translated into effective action. Government sectors need to be coordinated and engage wider society to ensure effective implementation of strategies that promote a realignment of our relationship with nature. There is an urgent need for partnerships and unified policy and strategy among institutions dealing in ecology and wildlife conservation, zoonotic diseases, animal and human health, food safety, trade, finance and relevant regulatory and enforcement agencies.

https://tinyurl.com/y3d73p7a

Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES)

Robert Watson, Chair

On release IPBES Global Assessment Report on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services, May 2020

“The overwhelming evidence of the IPBES Global Assessment, from a wide range of different fields of knowledge, presents an ominous picture. “The health of ecosystems on which we and all other species depend is deteriorating more rapidly than ever. We are eroding the very foundations of our economies, livelihoods, food security, health and quality of life worldwide.”

“Despite progress to conserve nature and implement policies, the Report also finds that global goals for conserving and sustainably using nature and achieving sustainability cannot be met by current trajectories, and goals for 2030 and beyond may only be achieved through transformative changes across economic, social, political and technological factors.”

Extracts from Media Release IPBES Workshop on Biodiversity and Pandemics, October 2020

“The same human activities that drive climate change and biodiversity loss also drive pandemic risk through their impacts on our environment. Changes in the way we use land; the expansion and intensification of agriculture; and unsustainable trade, production and consumption disrupt nature and increase contact between wildlife, livestock, pathogens and people. This is the path to pandemics.”

“Pandemic risk can be significantly lowered by reducing the human activities that drive the loss of biodiversity, by greater conservation of protected areas, and through measures that reduce unsustainable exploitation of high biodiversity regions. This will reduce wildlife-livestock-human contact and help prevent the spillover of new diseases”

https://ipbes.net/sites/default/files/2020-12/IPBES%20Pandemics%20Report%20Media%20Release.pdf

The Nature Conservancy

“One of the many things we’ve learned from the global shock of COVID-19 is just how intertwined humanity is with nature. A wildlife-borne pathogen has infected more than 70 million people, disrupted global supply chains, spotlighted inequities and exposed new vulnerabilities in our financial systems: the costs of our broken relationship with nature are startlingly clear.

As we set our collective vision toward global recovery in 2021, recognising and making decisions based on nature’s value will be essential for building a better world. Whether it’s for our physical health or our fiscal health, it’s clear that we need nature now.”

Recent analyses suggest that the cost of preventing further pandemics over the next decade by protecting wildlife and ecosystems would equate to just two per cent of the estimated financial damage caused thus far by COVID-19. The profits – legal and illegal – that are generated from the commercial trade in wildlife are negligible in comparison to the tens of trillions of dollars of economic devastation that we are now witnessing, and are even more negligible when limited to wildlife trade and markets for human consumption.

https://www.nature.org/en-us/what-we-do/our-insights/perspectives/nature-mainstream-global-recovery-2021/

United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP)

Inger Anderson, Under-Secretary-General and Executive Director of UNEP

Foreword to CBD Global Outlook Report 2020

“Now, we must accelerate and scale-up collaboration for nature-positive outcomes – conserving, restoring and using biodiversity fairly and sustainably. If we do not, biodiversity will continue to buckle under the weight of land- and sea-use change, overexploitation, climate change, pollution and invasive alien species. This will further damage human health, economies and societies – with particularly detrimental effects on indigenous peoples and local communities.

“We know what needs to be done, what works and how we can achieve good results. If we build on what has already been achieved, and place biodiversity at the heart of all our policies and decisions – including in COVID-19 recovery packages – we can ensure a better future for our societies and the planet.”

Global outlook https://www.cbd.int/gbo/gbo5/publication/gbo-5-en.pdf

WWF-International

Marco Lambertini, Director-General

January 2020

“The initiatives and funding announced at the One Planet Summit provide critical momentum on nature ahead of major global environmental agreements to be made later this year and, crucially, start the process of turning commitments into action. However, a step change in both ambition and urgency is still needed if we are to secure a sustainable future for both people and the planet.

“Science tells us that our broken relationship with nature is increasing our vulnerability to pandemics, threatening our economies, and undermining our efforts to tackle the climate crisis. Never has the need for urgent action been clearer, but world leaders are yet to demonstrate that they have grasped the scale of the crisis at hand. We urge them to take the necessary steps to deliver a transformative biodiversity agreement in Kunming that secures a nature-positive world this decade while supporting climate action.”

https://tinyurl.com/yxgn44h4

14 Leaders of the High Level Panel for a Sustainable Ocean Economy

The Ocean Panel represents nations of highly diverse oceanic, economic and political perspectives. It is supported by the UN Secretary-General's Special Envoy for the Ocean.

“We, the 14 members of the High Level Panel for a Sustainable Ocean Economy (the Ocean Panel), are heads of state and government representing people from across all ocean basins, nearly 40% of the world’s coastlines and 30% of exclusive economic zones. We recognise that the ocean is the life source of our planet and is vital for human well-being and a thriving global economy.”

“The ocean is home to many complex ecosystems facing significant threats. The actions we take now can safeguard the ocean’s capacity to regenerate, in order to deliver substantial economic, environmental and social value and offer powerful solutions to global challenges. Rapid action must be taken today to address climate change, acidification, ocean warming, marine pollution, overfishing, and loss of habitat and biodiversity. Failure to act will jeopardise global health, well-being, and economic vitality and exacerbate inequalities.”

https://www.oceanpanel.org/ocean-action/files/transformations-sustainable-ocean-economy-eng.pdf

https://www.oceanpanel.org/about#members

Conservation International

Herbert Lust , Vice President, Managing Director for Europe

Statement on the 11th Petersburg Climate Dialogue Commitments, April 2020

“We know public and economic health are linked to the health of our planet. Not only will balanced ecosystems help prevent the future spread of disease, they will help prevent other global crises like climate change. Thus, it is urgent that we rethink our relationship with nature and invest in smart solutions as we navigate an uncertain economic future and recover from the current pandemic.

“It is very positive to see biodiversity prioritised alongside climate change at the top of the global agenda during the Petersburg conference. It is important to acknowledge the challenges we face in advancing these priorities in what we hoped would be a ‘super year for nature.’ A green recovery will not always be easy but challenging does not mean impossible. Together, we can chart a course that keeps nature at the forefront of the global economic recovery.

https://www.conservation.org/press-releases/2020/04/30/conservation-international-statement-on-the-11th-petersberg-climate-dialogue-commitments

The High Ambition Coalition (HAC) for Nature and People

HSH Prince Albert II of Monaco at launch of the coalition of over 50 governments from across six continents aiming to secure a global agreement to protect the lands and oceans of the planet.

“The ecosystems we rely on for our water, our air, our food are at risk of collapse. Our survival depends on nature’s survival. Scientists say we must act boldly and urgently.

That is why Monaco has joined forces with many countries across the world to form the High Ambition Coalition. Together we are championing a global deal to save the planet and ourselves - Lets Act now!”

https://www.hacfornatureandpeople.org/hac-launch-hub-page#

WWF Global Biodiversity Framework

WWF and major conservation bodies releasing Nature Positive by 2030, August 2020

“We are causing a catastrophic loss of species and exacerbating already dangerous levels of climate change. In the next year Parties to the United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) can deliver the change needed by securing an ambitious new global biodiversity framework that will transform our world to become nature-positive by 2030, for people and the planet. With high level commitment and action on biodiversity we can achieve all Sustainable Development Goals by 2030 and transition to a more prosperous, safe and healthy world now and in the future.”

“To create a global biodiversity framework that is a tool for transformative change, we need leadership at the highest level of state or government in both its development and implementation, through a whole-of-government approach. All government ministries, not just the Ministry of Environment, need to unite behind an ambitious mission, goals and targets that remove the sectoral drivers of biodiversity loss and decrease our ecological footprint.”

https://www.cbd.int/doc/c/1049/d87f/9d99cfe30a0b06281d24d84a/covid-19-response-and-recovery-joint-policy-recs-nov-9-en.pdf

Global Steering Committee of the Campaign for Nature

Report launch: A Key Sector Forgotten in the Stimulus Debate: The Nature-Based Economy , July 2020

“We have formed this group with the overarching purpose of calling on world leaders to support a new global goal to protect at least 30 percent of the planet’s land and ocean by 2030. Scientists are telling us that this is the minimum amount needed to halt global biodiversity loss, which threatens up to one million species with extinction and is considered by the World Economic Forum to be one of the top five risks facing the global economy.

We believe that the issue of land and marine conservation is timelier than ever. The coronavirus pandemic has further underscored the need to protect more of the natural world, as studies have shown that the destruction of nature increases the risk of infectious disease outbreaks.

We also believe that nature conservation must both be a core element of the economic rescue plans that global leaders are developing to respond to the emerging global recession, and a cornerstone of creating a resilient new economy.

WWF Living Planet Report

“At a time when the world is reeling from the deepest global disruption and health crisis of a lifetime, this year’s Living Planet Report provides unequivocal and alarming evidence that nature is unravelling and that our planet is flashing red warning signs of vital natural systems failure. The Living Planet Report 2020 clearly outlines how humanity’s increasing destruction of nature is having catastrophic impacts not only on wildlife populations but also on human health and all aspects of our lives.”

“It is time we answer nature’s SOS. Not just to secure the future of tigers, rhinos, whales, bees, trees and all the amazing diversity of life we love and have the moral duty to coexist with, but because ignoring it also puts the health, well-being and prosperity, indeed the future, of nearly 8 billion people at stake”.

https://www.zsl.org/sites/default/files/LPR%202020%20Full%20report.pdf

Covid-19 Response and Recovery Nature-Based Solutions for People, Planet and Prosperity

Recommendations for Policymakers November by 22 major environmental organisations, November 2020

“COVID-19 highlights the critical connection between the health of nature and human health. This connection must be better reflected in our priorities, policies and actions. The root causes of this pandemic are common to many root causes of the climate change and biodiversity crises. Confronting these intertwined crises requires an integrated approach and unprecedented cooperation to achieve an equitable carbon-neutral, nature-positive economic recovery and a sustainable future. Our organisations’ recommendations to policymakers for meeting this challenge are offered below (recommendation 1).

I. Halt degradation and loss of natural ecosystems as a public health priority. Human activities are destroying, degrading and fragmenting nature at an unprecedented rate, directly affecting our resilience to future pandemics. By throwing ecosystems off balance, human activities have turned natural areas from our first line of defence into hot spots for disease emergence. Reversing this trend is critical for preventing the next pandemic long before it can enter human communities.

Mark Willuhn, Director, Alianza Mesoamericana de Ecoturismo

“We are learning how to unlearn”

Syed Hasnain Raza, Independent Wildlife & Conservation Filmmaker

"Our Ecosystems are under severe threat from human intervention, its better we understand this sooner that we draw our bread and butter from our Ecosystems. In other words it's right to say Healthy Ecosystems are equal to Healthy Economies. In this anthroprocene we must realise the importance of healthy Ecosystems and survival of species that keep them healthy. We need to move forward with Nature Based Solutions, Climate Change Adaptation and Ecosystems Based Adaptation but this all needs awareness first at every possible level."

A Long Term Strategy for People and the Planet

The Earth is at a tipping point. Here are 3 actions global leaders must take now.

Last updated January 10, 2024

Aerial view of timber cutting in Brazil showing clear cut land next to a forest.

Our planet faces the interconnected crises of rapid climate change and biodiversity loss. We have years, not decades, to address these existential threats.

Global Insights Newsletter

We explore the top sustainability issues and their solutions—in a 5-minute read or less.

In 2023, a new word was born to describe interacting current and future risks with potentially catastrophic consequences: polycrisis.

Another word is about to enter our collective dictionaries: permacrisis. Will this be our fate, or will 2024 be a time for resolution, resilience and recovery? This is a pivotal moment for global leaders attending the World Economic Forum annual meeting in Davos, where they will develop a long-term strategy to prepare for and respond to these risks.

What we do between now and 2030 will determine whether we slow warming to 1.5° Celsius while also conserving enough land and water to fix biodiversity loss. The good news is there is much that global leaders can do now to keep the polycrisis from becoming a permacrisis.

Two people walk on a trail in the direction of steep mountains with a forest at the base.

3 Things We Must Do To Save The Planet

Solutions to climate change and biodiversity loss won't come from any one sector: they'll come from governments, finance, business and civil society. We can achieve a nature-positive world by 2050 while providing affordable, secure and inclusive access to energy, food and water.

Here are three ways we need to up-end “business as usual” and act boldly to advance conservation.

1. Produce more food on less land.

Today’s version of large-scale agriculture is the biggest source of land conversion, drives deforestation that worsens climate change, uses 70% of the world’s freshwater supply and relies on fertilizer practices that pollute our waters. As the need to feed a billion more people increases, agricultural expansion could devastate habitats, release even more carbon into the atmosphere, and dry up rivers.

Transitioning to Regenerative Food Systems

Our global food system can help us achieve our climate and biodiversity goals.

How to fix it:

Produce food where it’s most likely to thrive, which will use less water and less land.

How we’re taking action right now:

We’re analyzing satellite images and local yield potential to pinpoint where soy farming and cattle ranching can expand without destroying nature. This approach is especially vital in Brazil’s Cerrado region, where half of all natural habitat has already been converted to cropland and pasture. Cooperating with farmers on sustainable practices can help save what’s left of the Cerrado’s rich savanna.

2. Increase clean energy.

Climate change is the single most serious threat facing our planet today. We must reduce carbon emissions to, or below, levels agreed to in the Paris Climate Agreement to prevent catastrophic harm. And with global energy demand expected to increase 56% over the next couple decades, it will be impossible to meet those emissions targets if we stick primarily with traditional fossil fuels.

Benefits of Solar Energy on Former Mine Sites

An affordable path to repurposing former mines into clean energy hubs.

Shift 85% of the world’s energy supply to non-fossil fuel sources and invest in strategies like reforestation that capture carbon dioxide.

We’re championing regulations that allow former mining lands to be repurposed for solar and wind energy. Tens of thousands of acres of degraded mine sites in Nevada’s Great Basin are now available for renewable energy development. By targeting already-disturbed land, new turbines and solar panels won’t need to destroy more natural habitat.

There is much that global leaders can do right now to build a better future for people and the planet. Our newsletter explores potential solutions to our top challenges, all in a five-minute read or less.

Aerial view of a winding river lined with green bushes and surrounded by rocky areas.

3. Get $700 billion to finance nature.

Our economies depend on healthy, supportive natural systems. In fact, around half of the gross world product is dependent on nature. Globally, we're already spending up to $143 billion USD each year on activities that benefit nature, but we need more. A lot more. We need to spend at least $722 billion (and as much as $967 billion) USD every year, putting the nature finance gap at $579-824 billion USD.

A Finance Plan for the Planet

Here's how we get $700 billion each year to reverse the biodiversity crisis.

We need to close the funding gap—and spend at least $700 billion USD on nature every year—to reverse the decline in biodiversity by 2030. Fortunately, this number is only 1% of annual gross global product, or about what the world spends on soft drinks.

Through our Nature Bonds program, we’re taking a holistic approach to leverage debt refinancing for effective, durable conservation and climate action. We work with governments to help them refinance debt and generate new funding to invest in conservation, and in climate mitigation and adaptation measures. Like in Barbados, where we worked with the government, partners from the financial and conservation sectors, and local communities to develop a set of commitments for durable conservation that is tailored to meet the country’s specific needs.

We truly do have the power to build a future in which nature and people can thrive together.

A more sustainable path is possible. But we need to rally individuals, governments, companies and communities around the world to take action with us over the next decade. When we’re at the table with leaders around the world, it gives us great strength to show how many people are with us.

Solutions with Impact

Workers clear undergrowth with machetes in shade-grown coffee crops in Guatemala.

Regenerative Food Systems

Together we can turn one of today’s biggest challenges into our greatest opportunity—a food system that goes beyond sustainable and creates positive growth for communities, economies and the planet.

In this view from under and above water, two people in wet suits harvest seaweed from the waters of Belize.

Nature Bonds Program: Unlocking Funds for Conservation and Climate Action

TNC’s Nature Bonds Program combines debt refinancing, science, planning and policy to help countries protect ecosystems and support communities.

View of several wind turbines on a West Virginia ridge.

Renewable Energy Transition

We no longer need to choose between abundant energy and a cleaner environment. A renewable energy revolution is happening across the globe.

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344 Environmental Essay Topics & Ideas

18 January 2024

last updated

Environmental essay topics explore people’s interconnection with nature. Some themes may range from examining the escalating effects of climate change, biodiversity loss, and pollution to the promotion of sustainable practices and green technologies. These subjects invite in-depth discourse on the ethical dimensions of environmental conservation, touching on issues, such as eco-justice and the rights of indigenous communities. They also encompass the analysis of environmental policies, the role of global governance in environmental preservation, and the economic implications of environmental degradation. By offering a diverse landscape for discussion, these environmental essay topics provide a valid platform to not only raise awareness but also generate solutions for the ongoing environmental crises. Each topic is an invitation to deep, critical thinking, encouraging individuals to take an active role in understanding and protecting the planet.

Best Environmental Essay Topics

Climate Change: Consequences and Possible Solutions
Biodiversity in the Rainforest: The Imperative of Protection
The Growing Menace of Ocean Plastic Pollution
Nuclear Energy: A Sustainable Future or Environmental Catastrophe?
Addressing the Decline of Pollinators: Impacts on Agriculture
Impacts of Agriculture on Freshwater Systems
Environmental Education: Key to Creating Sustainable Societies
Depletion of Natural Resources: Causes, Consequences, and Countermeasures
Coral Reefs: Stewardship and Restoration Strategies
Increasing Scarcity of Fresh Water: Solving the Global Crisis
E-Waste Management: The Hidden Environmental Challenge
Greenhouse Gas Emissions: Role of the Transport Sector
Renewable Energy: Benefits and Challenges of Solar Power
Evolution of Environmental Policies: A Global Perspective
Ecotourism: A Sustainable Approach or A Threat to Wildlife?
The Importance of Soil Conservation in Farming Practices
Industrial Waste: Innovative Techniques for Treatment and Recycling
Urbanization: Balancing Development With Environmental Sustainability
Genetically Modified Crops: Environmental Benefits and Risks
Effects of Mining on Local Ecosystems
Global Meat Production: Its Impact on Climate Change
Deforestation: Strategies to Reverse the Damage

Easy Environmental Essay Topics

Droughts and Their Impact on Food Security
Sustainable Fashion: Tackling Waste in the Textile Industry
Overfishing: Threat to Marine Biodiversity
Roles of Artificial Intelligence in Environmental Conservation
Geothermal Energy: Potential and Environmental Impacts
Oil Spills: Evaluating Long-Term Environmental Effects
Conservation of Endangered Species: Success Stories and Lessons Learned
Green Architecture: Implications for Urban Planning
Rethinking Waste: The Circular Economy Model
Desertification: Causes, Impacts, and Prevention Strategies
Environmental Justice: Disproportionate Impacts of Pollution on Communities
Landfills: Innovations in Waste Management
The Influence of Lifestyle Choices on Carbon Footprint
Climate Refugees: The Rising Humanitarian Crisis
Melting Polar Ice: The Far-Reaching Environmental Impacts
Impacts of Invasive Species on Native Ecosystems
Noise Pollution: An Underestimated Environmental Hazard
Restoration of Wetlands: An Ecological Imperative
Understanding the Role of Microplastics in Marine Ecosystems
Biofuels: A Green Energy Source or Environmental Pitfall?
Impacts of the Fashion Industry on Freshwater Depletion
Challenges and Successes of Wildlife Corridors
Indoor Air Quality: The Unseen Environmental Risk
Satellite Technology: Monitoring Environmental Change from Space
The Role of Green Spaces in Urban Ecosystems

Interesting Environmental Essay Topics

Carbon Sequestration: Understanding Its Role in Climate Mitigation
Health Risks of Air Pollution: A Global Perspective
Fracking: Evaluating the Environmental and Health Risks
Hydroelectric Power: Balancing Energy Needs and Ecosystem Impact
The Environmental Impact of Single-Use Plastics
Ecological Footprint: Measurement and Global Comparisons
Sustainable Agriculture: The Power of Permaculture
The Link Between Deforestation and Disease Outbreaks
Roles of Bees in Maintaining Biodiversity
Ecological Impacts of Major Oil Pipeline Projects
Effects of Light Pollution on Wildlife
Algal Blooms: Causes, Impacts, and Solutions
Fast Fashion: The Environmental Cost of Disposable Clothing
The Future of Electric Vehicles: Environmental Benefits and Challenges
Ozone Layer Depletion: Causes and Repercussions
Sustainable Forestry: A Path to Climate Resilience
Technology’s Role in Alleviating Water Scarcity
Population Growth: Implications for Global Sustainability
Pesticides: Balancing Crop Protection With Environmental Health
Impacts of War on the Environment: A Case Study
Microgrid Technology: Implications for Renewable Energy Use
Bioengineering: Potential Solution to Climate Change?

Environmental Essay Topics for High School

Impacts of Global Warming on Polar Ecosystems
Harnessing Solar Energy: A Sustainable Solution
The Consequences of Deforestation: Amazon Rainforest Case Study
Biodiversity Loss: The Silent Extinction
Strategies for Water Conservation in Arid Regions
Plastic Pollution: Tackling the Global Crisis
Urbanization’s Effect on Green Spaces
Sustainable Agriculture: Balancing Human Needs and Nature
Coral Reefs: Challenges and Conservation Efforts
Air Quality and Health: The Underestimated Link
Climate Change: Influences on Global Migration Patterns
Overfishing: A Threat to Marine Ecosystems
Electric Vehicles: A Solution to Air Pollution
E-Waste Management: Ethical and Environmental Challenges
Oceans as Carbon Sinks: Role and Vulnerabilities
Consumerism and Its Environmental Footprint
The Significance of Indigenous Knowledge in Conservation Efforts
Acid Rain: Causes, Effects, and Solutions
The Role of Green Buildings in Reducing Environmental Impact
Fashion Industry: Analyzing Its Environmental Costs
Nuclear Energy: Environmental Risks and Rewards

Environmental Essay Topics for College Students

Evaluating the Impacts of Deforestation on Global Climate
Greenhouse Gases: Understanding Their Sources and Implications
Sustainable Agriculture: Future Pathways for Food Security
Examining the Consequences of Urban Sprawl
Ocean Acidification: A Silent Crisis
The Rising Problem of Electronic Waste: Solutions and Challenges
Species Extinction: Assessing the Role of Human Activities
Wetlands Conservation: Why Is It Critical for Biodiversity?
Renewable Energy: The Path to a Sustainable Future
Fast Fashion and Its Environmental Implications
Impacts of Air Pollution on Urban Environments
Conserving Endangered Species: The Role of Zoos and Sanctuaries
Marine Pollution: The Threats to Our Oceans and Seas
Analyzing the Pros and Cons of Nuclear Energy
Challenges in Water Conservation: A Global Perspective
The Critical Role of Bees in Ecosystems
Understanding the Threat of Invasive Species
Melting Polar Ice: The Consequences for Marine Life
Ecotourism: An Environmental and Economic Boon or Bane?
Discussing the Causes and Effects of Soil Erosion
Dams: Balancing Human Needs and Environmental Consequences
Evaluating the Environmental Impact of Meat Production

Environmental Essay Topics for University

Urban Green Spaces: Their Importance and Conservation
The Relationship Between Overpopulation and Environmental Degradation
Examining the Environmental Impact of Tourism
The Potential of Solar Energy in Mitigating Climate Change
Influence of Population Growth on Water Resources
The Critical Role of Mangrove Forests in Coastal Protection
Oil Spills: Consequences and Cleanup Techniques
The Impact of Mining on Natural Ecosystems
Relevance of Rainforest Preservation to Climate Stability
Challenges and Opportunities in Wind Energy
Impacts of Industrialization on Air Quality
Effectiveness of International Treaties in Protecting the Environment
Desertification: Causes, Effects, and Solutions
The Role of Public Transportation in Reducing Carbon Emissions
Strategies for Reducing Plastic Pollution in Oceans
Sustainable Cities: Measures to Improve Urban Sustainability
The Role of Green Buildings in Urban Sustainability
Biomass Energy: Prospects and Challenges
Organic Farming: Impact on Soil Health and Biodiversity
Pesticides and Their Impact on Non-Target Species
Sustainable Fisheries and Aquaculture: A Path Forward
Impacts of Climate Change on Coral Reefs
Carbon Capture: A Potential Solution to Climate Change?

Argumentative Environmental Essay Topics

Adoption of Renewable Energy: A Necessity for a Sustainable Future
Implications of Overpopulation on Global Biodiversity
Forest Conservation: An Essential Strategy Against Climate Change
Measures to Control Industrial Pollution: A Policy Perspective
Implementing Strict Regulations on Plastic Usage: Is It Effective?
Roles of Urbanization in Escalating Air Quality Concerns
Genetically Modified Crops: Solution or Threat to Biodiversity?
Governments Should Mandate Sustainable Practices in Corporations: A Debate
Ocean Acidification: Consequences and Mitigation Techniques
Impacts of Fast Fashion on Environmental Sustainability
Ecotourism: A Sustainable Economic Model or Environmental Exploitation?
Assessing the Effectiveness of Carbon Taxation Policies
Overfishing: A Global Crisis and Its Impacts on Ecosystems
Impacts of Climate Change on Global Agriculture: A Comprehensive Analysis
Mitigating Deforestation: Evaluating the Effectiveness of REDD+ Initiatives
Nuclear Energy: An Environmentally-Friendly Power Source or Potential Hazard?
Sustainable Farming Practices: Are They Really Beneficial?
Environmental Ethics: Assessing Our Responsibility Toward Future Generations
Veganism and Its Potential Impact on Greenhouse Gas Emissions
Landfill Waste Management: Strategies for Reducing Environmental Impact
The Threat of Microplastics in Aquatic Ecosystems: Causes and Solutions

Controversial Environmental Essay Topics

Examining the True Cost of Fossil Fuels: Environmental Damage vs. Economic Development
Debating the Efficacy of Carbon Capture Technology: Promising Solution or Futile Endeavour?
Impact of Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs) on Biodiversity: Progress or Peril?
Harnessing Nuclear Power: Environmental Savior or Silent Killer?
Climate Change’s Influence on Global Politics: Cooperation or Conflict?
Gauging the Ecological Footprint of Digital Technologies: Is Green IT Possible?
Geoengineering and Climate Intervention: Responsible Management or Playing God?
Ecotourism’s Paradox: Protecting or Exploiting Nature?
Meat Consumption’s Role in Environmental Degradation: Time for a Dietary Revolution?
Urban Sprawl and Ecosystem Fragmentation: Can Smart Cities Reverse the Trend?
Plastic Waste Management: Effective Recycling or Biodegradable Solutions?
Implications of Overpopulation: Is Population Control Ethically Justifiable?
Are Renewable Energy Sources Truly Sustainable? Unveiling Hidden Environmental Costs.
Effects of Ocean Acidification on Marine Biodiversity: A Looming Crisis?
Deforestation and Indigenous Rights: A Clash of Interests?
Deciphering the Economic Viability of Green Energy: Profitability or Philanthropy?
Invasive Species and Ecosystem Balance: Is Human Intervention Necessary?
Hydraulic Fracturing (Fracking): Energy Solution or Environmental Nightmare?
Industrial Agriculture’s Role in Soil Degradation: Need for Agroecological Methods?
Chemical Pesticides vs. Organic Farming: Which Ensures Food Security?

Environmental Essay Topics on Air Pollution

Analyzing the Health Impacts of Industrial Air Pollution
Air Quality Index: An Essential Tool for Monitoring Air Pollution
Measures for Mitigating Vehicular Air Pollution in Urban Centers
The Role of Wildfires in Exacerbating Global Air Pollution
Climate Change: The Direct Consequences of Increasing Air Pollution
The Intricate Relationship Between Air Pollution and Respiratory Diseases
Evaluating the Effectiveness of Air Quality Regulations in Developed Countries
Industrialization’s Impacts on Air Pollution: A Case Study of China
Strategies for Reducing Household Air Pollution in Developing Countries
Air Pollution in Megacities: The Case of New Delhi
Policy Analysis: International Efforts to Control Air Pollution
The Silent Killer: Long-Term Effects of Exposure to Air Pollution
Proliferation of Plastic Waste: A Significant Contributor to Air Pollution
Impacts of Agriculture-Related Air Pollution on Rural Communities
E-Waste and Its Contribution to Toxic Air Pollution
The Dangers of Radioactive Air Pollution: A Deep Dive Into Chernobyl
The Unseen Consequences of Military Conflicts on Air Pollution
Understanding the Global Disparity in Air Pollution Standards
Dissecting the Impact of Air Pollution on Biodiversity
A Critique of Current Air Purification Technologies
The Effect of Deforestation on Air Pollution Levels

Environmental Essay Topics on Water Pollution

Investigating the Impact of Industrial Effluents on Groundwater Quality
Analysis of Microplastic Contamination in Marine Ecosystems
Unveiling the Truth: The Health Effects of Drinking Polluted Water
Dead Zones in the Ocean: Causes, Consequences, and Solutions
Pharmaceutical Pollution in Waterways: The Unseen Threat
Heavy Metal Contamination in Freshwater Bodies: A Silent Crisis
Acid Rain and its Detrimental Effects on Aquatic Life
Understanding the Role of Agriculture in Nutrient Pollution
The Consequences of Oil Spills on Marine Wildlife and Coastal Communities
The Menace of Eutrophication: Lake and River Ecosystems at Risk
Sewage Disposal: Unraveling Its Environmental and Health Implications
The True Cost of Fracking: Contaminated Water Supplies
Algal Blooms: Understanding Their Causes and Ecological Impacts
Plastic Waste in Oceans: The Great Pacific Garbage Patch
Microorganisms and Water Pollution: Unseen Invaders
Unearthing the Impact of Mining Activities on Water Quality
Radioactive Waste Disposal in Oceans: A Lurking Danger
Landfills Leaching: Assessing Its Impact on Groundwater Pollution
Tackling Water Pollution: Emerging Technologies and Innovations
Ship Wrecks and Underwater Munitions: The Forgotten Water Pollutants

Environmental Essay Topics on Ecosystem Pollution

Analyzing the Impact of Oil Spills on Marine Ecosystems
Investigating Agricultural Runoff’s Role in Eutrophication of Freshwater Bodies
Exploring the Detrimental Effects of Air Pollution on Forest Ecosystems
Revealing the Long-Term Consequences of Acid Rain on Soil Ecosystems
Scrutinizing the Influence of Industrial Waste on Wetland Ecosystems
Discussing the Impact of Microplastics on Aquatic Ecosystems
Evaluating the Effects of Heavy Metal Contamination in River Ecosystems
Assessing the Interplay Between Deforestation and Biodiversity Loss
Elucidating the Consequences of Landfills on Terrestrial Ecosystems
Debating the Ramifications of Climate Change on Arctic Ecosystems
Investigating Urbanization and Its Effect on Local Ecosystems
Pondering the Effects of Light Pollution on Nocturnal Ecosystems
Highlighting the Impact of Persistent Organic Pollutants on Ecosystem Health
Examining the Influence of Noise Pollution on Wildlife Ecosystems
Interpreting the Effects of Overfishing on Oceanic Ecosystems
Unraveling the Role of Radioactive Contamination on Ecosystem Dynamics
Detailing the Impacts of Pesticide Drift on Non-Target Ecosystems
Illustrating the Detrimental Effects of E-Waste on Terrestrial Ecosystems
Clarifying the Implications of Chemical Fertilizers on Soil Microbial Ecosystems
Delving Into the Consequences of Greenhouse Gases on Global Ecosystems
Weighing the Impact of Tourism on Fragile Ecosystems

Environmental Essay Topics on Waste Management & Utilization

Sustainable Methods for Waste Management and Utilization
Innovative Approaches to Recycling and Waste Reduction
The Role of Technology in Waste Management and Utilization
Maximizing Resource Recovery Through Effective Waste Management
Promoting Circular Economy: Waste Management and Utilization
Waste-to-Energy Solutions: Harnessing the Power of Waste
Effective Strategies for Hazardous Waste Management and Utilization
The Importance of Community Engagement in Waste Management
Exploring Biodegradable Alternatives for Waste Management
Enhancing Public Awareness of Waste Management and Utilization
Economic Benefits of Efficient Waste Management Systems
Sustainable Packaging Solutions: Waste Management and Utilization
Addressing E-Waste: Challenges and Solutions for Proper Management
Innovative Methods for Organic Waste Management and Utilization
Waste Management in the Construction Industry: Best Practices
The Role of Legislation and Policy in Waste Management and Utilization
Waste Management and Utilization in Developing Countries: Challenges and Opportunities
Waste Minimization Strategies for a Greener Future
The Impact of Consumer Behavior on Waste Management and Utilization
Effective Strategies for Industrial Waste Management and Utilization

Environmental Essay Topics on Depletion of Natural Resources

Renewable Energy Sources and Their Role in Resource Depletion
Urbanization and Loss of Natural Habitats
Preservation of Endangered Species
Responsible Mining Practices and Environmental Protection
Sustainable Forestry for Timber Production
Managing Water Scarcity in Arid Regions
Control of Erosion and Land Degradation
Impacts of Overconsumption on Resource Depletion
Sustainable Fishing Practices and Aquatic Resource Management
Recycling and Waste Management for Resource Conservation
Soil Conservation and Nutrient Depletion
Conservation of Coral Reefs and Marine Biodiversity
Alternative Materials for Reducing Resource Depletion
Sustainable Tourism and Protection of Natural Resources
Strategies for Sustainable Water Management
Energy Efficiency and Reduction of Resource Depletion
Preservation of Natural Carbon Sinks
Environmental Impacts of Extractive Industries
Conservation of Rainforests and Tropical Biodiversity
Sustainable Use of Natural Resources in Agriculture
Renewable Energy Transition and Resource Preservation
Management of Non-Renewable Resource Depletion
Sustainable Consumption Patterns and Resource Conservation

Environmental Essay Topics About Human Impact

Technology’s Role in Environmental Conservation
Overfishing: Consequences for Oceanic Ecosystems
Promoting Sustainable Economic Development Through Ecotourism
Addressing the Water Crisis: Sustainable Management and Conservation
Urbanization’s Impacts on Natural Habitats
The Power of Education in Promoting Environmental Awareness
International Environmental Agreements: Effectiveness and Implications
Sustainable Transportation: Reducing Carbon Emissions
Wetlands: Ecological Importance and Preservation Efforts
Consumer Choices: Driving Environmental Conservation
Recycling Programs: Benefits, Challenges, and Innovations
Protecting Endangered Species: Successful Conservation Strategies
Green Architecture: Designing Sustainable Buildings
Sustainable Fashion: Ethical and Eco-Friendly Practices
Mining Activities: Impacts on Land and Water Resources
Forest Restoration: Carbon Sequestration and Importance
Climate Change and Natural Disasters: Understanding the Connection
Pesticides and Herbicides: Effects on Ecosystems and Human Health
Environmental Regulations: Controlling Industrial Pollution
Rural Electrification: Harnessing the Potential of Renewable Energy
Sustainable Consumption: Reducing Waste and Carbon Footprints

Essay Topics About Nature and Environment

Sustainable Urban Development: Green Infrastructure and Efficient Resource Management
Ecosystem Restoration: Rehabilitating Degraded Landscapes and Habitats
The Significance of Coral Reefs for Marine Biodiversity and Coastal Protection
Promoting Sustainable Waste Management: Reduce, Reuse, and Recycle
The Impacts of Overfishing on Oceanic Food Chains and Fisheries
Climate Change Adaptation Strategies for Vulnerable Communities
The Relationship Between Human Health and Environmental Quality
The Role of Environmental Education in Shaping Sustainable Mindsets
Protecting Water Resources: Conservation and Efficient Use
Impacts of Urbanization on Wildlife Habitats and Ecological Connectivity
Promoting Green Buildings and Energy-Efficient Infrastructure
Biodiversity Hotspots: Protecting Regions of Exceptional Natural Value
The Role of International Agreements in Environmental Conservation
Addressing Plastic Pollution: Towards a Plastic-Free Future
The Importance of Soil Health for Sustainable Agriculture
Promoting Sustainable Transportation: From Electric Vehicles to Public Transit
Benefits and Challenges of Implementing Renewable Energy Sources
The Role of Environmental NGOs in Advocacy and Conservation Efforts
Preserving Natural Landscapes: National Parks and Protected Areas
The Impacts of Industrialization on Air Quality and Human Health

Environmental Law Essay Topics

Addressing Deforestation: Strategies for Forest Conservation
Regulating Fracking: Assessing Environmental and Health Risks
Managing Water Resources in a Changing Climate: Legal Challenges
The Role of Environmental NGOs in Shaping Policy and Law
Examining Legal Implications of Genetically Modified Organisms
Balancing Conservation and Indigenous Rights: A Legal Perspective
Waste Management and Recycling: Legal Approaches
Evaluating Wildlife Protection Laws and Enforcement Mechanisms
Analyzing Climate Change Litigation: Legal Implications
Air Pollution: Legal Frameworks and Mitigation Strategies
Ensuring Environmental Compliance in Extractive Industries
Controlling Pollution From Industrial Activities: Legal Mechanisms
Promoting Sustainable Urban Development: Legal Strategies
Liability and Compensation in Environmental Damage Cases
Legal Frameworks for Environmental Education and Awareness
Ecosystem Services and Natural Capital Valuation: Legal Perspectives
Regulating Agricultural Practices for Sustainable Farming
Protecting Marine Biodiversity: Legal Frameworks for Conservation
Promoting Renewable Energy Investments: Legal Incentives
International Trade Law and Environmental Considerations
Combating Illegal Wildlife Trade: Legal Strategies
Integrating Indigenous Traditional Knowledge Into Environmental Law

To Learn More, Read Relevant Articles

207 climate change essay topics & ideas, 389 expository essay topics & good ideas.

Cultivating conservation, eco stewards: 20th anniversary for UH Hilo program

April 9, 2024

photo collage, student writing notes and bugs

It’s been 20 years since Don Price, then a biology professor at the University of Hawaiʻi at Hilo, used funding from a $9 million grant from the National Science Foundation to start a new graduate program focused on preparing students for careers in conservation and environmental science.

Two decades later, students from the UH Hilo tropical conservation biology and environmental science ( TCBES ) graduate program now serve as conservation and environmental scientists and managers throughout Hawaiʻi .

“The overall mission of the proposed program is to provide recent baccalaureate graduates and those currently working in conservation biology and environmental science with graduate training that will prepare them for careers as conservation and environmental scientists and managers,” said Price in a 2004 media release .

An interdisciplinary and diversity rich program

The TCBES program has given graduate students the opportunity to immerse themselves in studies, research, and environmental and community service in interdisciplinary fields ranging from animal science, anthropology, applied engineering, to pharmacy, philosophy and psychology.

“One of the most gratifying things about teaching and mentoring TCBES students is witnessing their growth during their master’s process, and the incredible success they have had in landing jobs after, or sometimes even before, graduation,” said Becky Ostertag, a biology professor and former director of the TCBES graduate program.

Collaborative research between faculty, students and federal and state agencies is a hallmark of the program. Students follow one of two tracks; conduct a thesis or professional internship. Much of the work published by students is largely based in Hawaiian environments such as marine, tropical rainforests and urban areas.

More than 60% of students in the program are Hawaiʻi residents. The program attracts, retains and graduates many minority students, including Pacific Islanders and Native Hawaiian which account for 18% of participants. Many with Native Hawaiian ancestry are leaders in a movement to weave cultural values and ʻōlelo Hawaiʻi (Hawaiian language) into scientific endeavors and teaching.

For more go to UH Hilo Stories .

—By Susan Enright

Fellowships awarded to UH Hilo students help to…
UH marine scientists explore climate adaptation…
Native Hawaiian scientists sail to Papahānaumokuākea
previous post: UH Mānoa shines in national grad program rankings: 2 top 25, 13 top 100

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Two owls, one brown and one white, sit on a branch

Killing owls to save owls: the US wildlife plan that sparked an ‘ethical dilemma’

A government proposal to cull half a million owls, in order to save a related species, has raised complicated questions

It sounds like a set-up for an ecological horror film – to save one species of owl, US wildlife officials want to shoot down half a million of its cousins.

The federal government’s latest proposal to save the endangered spotted owls has raised complicated questions about the ethics of killing one species to save another, and the role of humans to intervene in the cascading ecological conundrums that they have caused.

The spotted owl – an elusive icon of the American west – has lost most of its habitat in the old growth forests of the Pacific north-west and Canada due to logging and development. The species has also faced increasing competition from the barred owl – a slightly larger, more successful cousin which was lured west over the last century as settlers and homesteaders reshaped the North American landscape.

Now, to save the spotted owls, the US Fish and Wildlife Service has finalised a proposal to cull hundreds of thousands of barred owls across California , Washington and Oregon over the next 30 years.

The plan has pitted animal welfare and conservation groups against each other. The proposal was published in November, but it drew renewed attention last week after 82 animal welfare organisations based around the US signed a letter calling it “colossally reckless”. Researchers and wildlife officials who support the plan have said that if the barred owls are not culled, the northern spotted owl’s demise is ensured.

“This is a case that poses a genuine ethical dilemma,” said Michael Paul Nelson, a professor of environmental ethics and philosophy at Oregon State University. “You’re either going to kill a bunch of individual living beings, or you’re going to let a species disappear. No matter what, harm is done.”

An invasive species, or natural competition?

Spotted and barred owls look very similar to the untrained eye, and they can interbreed to birth offspring that are called “sparred owls”. But the barred owls are more adept survivors. They hunt a greater variety of prey, are slightly less discerning about where they nest, and tend to reproduce more quickly. And over the past few decades, biologists have noticed that the barred owls are edging the spotted owls out of their territory.

“Barred owl removal is not something the Service takes lightly,” said Jodie Delavan, a public affairs officer with USFWS in Oregon. “However, the Service has a legal and ethical responsibility to do all it can to recover northern spotted owl populations. Unless invasive barred owls are managed, the federally listed northern spotted owl will be extirpated in all or a significant portion of its range.”

The northern spotted owls were listed as threatened in 1990 after fierce campaigning by environmentalists who fought to protect the ancient forests where the birds nest from the logging. But the protections came too late – 70% of their habitat is already gone. The climate crisis and increasingly fierce megafires now threaten to destroy what little remains of their forest habitats.

The arrival of barred owls in the west appears to have hastened the spotted owl’s decline. It’s unclear why exactly the barred owls migrated westward, but researchers agree that it coincided with the arrival of European settlers in the east, and their reshaping of the owls’ native landscape. Previously, a scarcity of tree habitats in the Great Plains may have prevented the barred owls from venturing west until homesteaders planted trees for lumber, which provided new habitats. They also abandoned or outlawed Indigenous forest management practices, trapped beavers, over-hunted deer and elk, and drove away bison – all of which caused forests to overgrow.

That’s one of the reasons that the Fish and Wildlife Service, and biologists, consider the barred owls to be an invasive species – human intervention led to their arrival in the west. And that is why many believe it is humans’ responsibility to remove them.

“I grappled with it constantly. It’s not an easy thing,” said David Wiens, a wildlife biologist with the US Geological Survey who has spent his career studying interactions between spotted owls and barred owls. Several years ago, he and fellow researchers ran an experiment that involved shooting more than 2,400 barred owls across the north-west – and found that over five years, culling the barred owls helped spotted owl populations stabilise.

Light brown owl with wings flapped open in a leafy, green environment

Even as the researchers culled barred owls, however, more of them moved in. In order to truly control their populations in the west, hunters would have to keep shooting them over a long period of time. “It’s a very tough decision,” he said. “Do you use lethal removal techniques? Or do you do nothing – just throw up your hands and let the cards fall where they will?”

Many conservationists have – squeamishly – agreed that the barred owls should be culled. But animal rights activists, some wildlife groups and the editorial board of the Los Angeles Times remains sceptical.

“The United States is targeting a native species not ever hunted for simply engaging in normal range expansions,” said Wayne Pacelle, president of the Center for a Human Economy and its lobbying arm, Animal Wellness Action, who co-authored the letter opposing the culling proposal. “If the US Fish and Wildlife Service is now going to start to manage social conflicts between animals, where does this end?”

Pacelle disputes the idea that the barred owl is invasive – as it is, after all, native to North America. And killing hundreds of thousands of them, over three decades, in an area where they are guaranteed to keep returning is “unworkable and inhumane”, he said.

The trouble is, he added, “we don’t have an easy fix for the spotted owl.”

Fraught questions for the Anthropocene

For Lisa Sideris, a professor of environmental studies at the University of California, Santa Barbara, who specialises in environmental ethics and the intersections of science and religion, the case of the two owls inspires introspection about the follies of anthropocentrism. “Some would argue that humans have altered ecosystems and the whole planet to such an extent that it becomes very hard to discern what it would mean to restore something back to natural conditions and whether that’s even possible.”

This isn’t the first time the coy spotted owls have pushed people to grapple with fraught philosophical ideas. “The spotted owl has been the poster animal for environmental conflicts for decades,” said Sideris.

The species found itself at the centre of what became known as the Timber Wars in the 1980s and 1990s. Loggers and environmentalists seeking to save old growth forests in California and the Pacific north-west clashed – in the courtroom and in the woods. In Oakland, California, Judi Bari and Darryl Cherney - two anti-logging activists campaigning to save the spotted owl – were critically injured by a pipe bomb that exploded under their car. In 1990, amid escalating conflict, the spotted owl was listed as threatened under the Endangered Species Act – and made the cover of Time magazine.

Still, tensions between timber industry leaders – who said that efforts to save the owl would cost tens of thousands of jobs – and environmentalists continued to build. In 2021, the Trump administration drastically slashed protections for the spotted owl. Joe Biden reversed the decision, but conceded 200,000 acres in owl habitat as part of the settlement of a timber industry lawsuit.

The spotted owl and the barred owl remain caught in the political crossfire. And all the while, wildlife officials and biologists are left with fraught questions about how best to save the species under strained circumstances.

Getting rid of the barred owls is ultimately a “triage” – a way to give the spotted owl some more time, and a fighting chance at survival, said Tom Wheeler, executive director of the conservation group Epic. “Does this just mean that there will always have to be somebody with a shotgun in our forest killing owls?” said Wheeler. “I think that we have to – as supporters of this – somewhat acknowledge that that is a possibility. And we have to be OK with that.”

Preventing extinction has become a sisyphean task, said Nelson, and despite government, scientists and conservationists’ best efforts, it remains impossible to predict or control exactly how nature will react.

“There is a hubris that underlies this idea that we’re just going to engineer our way out of these situations,” he said. “Because that is the same attitude that created these problems in the first place.”

Conservation
The Observer
Washington state

Essay on Environment for Students and Children

500+ words essay on environment.

Essay on Environment – All living things that live on this earth comes under the environment. Whether they live on land or water they are part of the environment. The environment also includes air, water, sunlight, plants, animals, etc.

Moreover, the earth is considered the only planet in the universe that supports life. The environment can be understood as a blanket that keeps life on the planet sage and sound.

Importance of Environment

We truly cannot understand the real worth of the environment. But we can estimate some of its importance that can help us understand its importance. It plays a vital role in keeping living things healthy in the environment.

Likewise, it maintains the ecological balance that will keep check of life on earth. It provides food, shelter, air, and fulfills all the human needs whether big or small.

Moreover, the entire life support of humans depends wholly on the environmental factors. In addition, it also helps in maintaining various life cycles on earth.

Most importantly, our environment is the source of natural beauty and is necessary for maintaining physical and mental health.

Get the huge list of more than 500 Essay Topics and Ideas

Benefits of the Environment

The environment gives us countless benefits that we can’t repay our entire life. As they are connected with the forest, trees, animals, water, and air. The forest and trees filter the air and absorb harmful gases. Plants purify water, reduce the chances of flood maintain natural balance and many others.

Moreover, the environment keeps a close check on the environment and its functioning, It regulates the vital systems that are essential for the ecosystem. Besides, it maintains the culture and quality of life on earth.

The environment regulates various natural cycles that happen daily. These cycles help in maintaining the natural balance between living things and the environment. Disturbance of these things can ultimately affect the life cycle of humans and other living beings.

The environment has helped us and other living beings to flourish and grow from thousands of years. The environment provides us fertile land, water, air, livestock and many essential things for survival.

Cause of Environmental Degradation

Human activities are the major cause of environmental degradation because most of the activities humans do harm the environment in some way. The activities of humans that causes environmental degradation is pollution, defective environmental policies, chemicals, greenhouse gases, global warming, ozone depletion, etc.

All these affect the environment badly. Besides, these the overuse of natural resources will create a situation in the future there will be no resources for consumption. And the most basic necessity of living air will get so polluted that humans have to use bottled oxygen for breathing.

Above all, increasing human activity is exerting more pressure on the surface of the earth which is causing many disasters in an unnatural form. Also, we are using the natural resources at a pace that within a few years they will vanish from the earth. To conclude, we can say that it is the environment that is keeping us alive. Without the blanket of environment, we won’t be able to survive.

Moreover, the environment’s contribution to life cannot be repaid. Besides, still what the environment has done for us, in return we only have damaged and degraded it.

FAQs about Essay on Environment

Q.1 What is the true meaning of the environment?

A.1 The ecosystem that includes all the plants, animals, birds, reptiles, insects, water bodies, fishes, human beings, trees, microorganisms and many more are part of the environment. Besides, all these constitute the environment.

Q.2 What is the three types of the environment?

A.2 The three types of environment includes the physical, social, and cultural environment. Besides, various scientists have defined different types and numbers of environment.

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Environmental groups challenge decision not to federally protect wolves across the West

FILE: A gray wolf from Oregon's Desolation Pack is captured on a remote camera in Grant County on June 7, 2021. Conservation groups have filed a lawsuit challenging the federal government's decision to decline new Endangered Species Act protections for western gray wolves.

Photo courtesy of the U.S. Forest Service

Conservation groups are taking the federal government to court over environmental protections for gray wolves across the West.

Earlier this year, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service concluded western gray wolves did not warrant listing under the Endangered Species Act.

If those protections had been granted, they would have applied to wolves in northeastern Oregon and southeastern Washington, where those states have the highest concentrations of wolves. Wolves in remaining portions of those states are federally listed as endangered.

In their lawsuit filed in a Montana district court early Monday morning, the 10 environmental groups called the agency’s decision “arbitrary, capricious, an abuse of discretion, and not in accordance with the ESA.” The legal complaint asks the court to vacate the Fish and Wildlife Service’s decision to not federally protect gray wolves in the West.

“The service’s decision fails to adequately consider the threats to the species from human-caused mortality and inadequate state regulatory mechanisms,” Western Environmental Law Center staff attorney Kelly Nokes said, adding that environmental groups are particularly concerned about Idaho and Montana laws allowing people to hunt or trap wolves.

The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service has long considered wolves in northeastern Oregon and southeastern Washington to be part of the Northern Rocky Mountains distinct population segment, along with wolves in Idaho, Montana, Wyoming and a small part of Utah. While wolves in other parts of the West are federally protected, Rocky Mountain wolves are not listed as threatened or endangered.

Environmental groups in 2021 petitioned the agency to either grant federal protections to Rocky Mountain wolves, or lump them into a broader western wolf population and list that under the Endangered Species Act. In February, the agency agreed that wolves across the West — including those in the Northern Rockies — could be considered their own distinct population segment, but said that population as a whole doesn’t qualify for species protections.

Related: For some Oregonians, losing 10 wolves to Colorado is complicated

That decision maintained the status quo. It meant states within the Rocky Mountain region could continue managing wolves however local policymakers liked — including in northeastern Oregon and southeastern Washington, where state officials allow ranchers to kill wolves that have recently killed livestock.

Many Oregon conservationists say they are concerned about the state’s wolf populations, which have stagnated in recent years as human-caused deaths have increased. They say federal protections in just one corner of the state could make a big difference, since that’s where most Oregon wolves roam.

“That’s where wolves will be migrating from, and they’re nowhere near recovery on the western side,” said Sristi Kamal, deputy director of the Western Environmental Law Center’s Portland office. “So we are heavily reliant on our eastern wolf population to be able to continue on the recovery path for Oregon.”

Late last year, Oregon allowed Colorado to trap and relocate 10 wolves as part of that state’s reintroduction efforts. The Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife is expected this month to release its annual wolf report for 2023, which should reflect how those relocations and other wolf losses affected Oregon’s overall population.

OPB’s First Look newsletter

Washington state leaders try to find solutions for wolf depredations and killing of wolves

Some ranchers are saying it is time to find creative ways to deal with wolf attacks on livestock. That’s what a new bill in the Washington state Senate hopes to do – to the frustration of some wildlife rights groups.

Oregon struggles to rein in illegal killing and overharvesting of wildlife

Yvonne Shaw, the anti-poaching coordinator for the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife said there were at least 5,000 animals illegally killed in the state last year.

Oregon wolves bring joy, anxiety and uncertainty to Colorado

Like hundreds of other ranchers in Colorado, the Stanko family is anxious about wolf packs being airlifted back to this state, where they were eradicated by the 1940s. Supporters of the effort, however, see a bright future.

For some Oregonians, losing 10 wolves to Colorado is complicated

Colorado's ambitious plan to restore wolves taps into years-old tensions in Oregon.

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USDA Makes $1.5 Billion Available to Help Farmers Advance Conservation and Climate-Smart Agriculture as Part of President Biden’s Investing in America Agenda

Funding from the Inflation Reduction Act will help farmers save money, create new revenue streams, enhance natural resources, and tackle the climate crisis

MANKATO, Minn., April 3, 2024 – Agriculture Secretary Tom Vilsack today announced the availability of an historic $1.5 billion in fiscal year 2024 to invest in partner-driven conservation and climate solutions through the Regional Conservation Partnership Program (RCPP) as part of President Biden’s Investing in America agenda. The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) is accepting project proposals now through July 2, 2024, that will help farmers, ranchers, and forest landowners adopt and expand conservation strategies to enhance natural resources while tackling the climate crisis. These projects in turn can save farmers money, create new revenue streams, and increase productivity.

The investments in climate-smart agriculture that USDA has made since the beginning of the Biden-Harris Administration, and will continue to make through the Inflation Reduction Act and Partnerships for Climate-Smart Commodities , are estimated to support over 180,000 farms and over 225 million acres in the next 5 years.

Today’s investment is made available through the Farm Bill and the Inflation Reduction Act, the largest climate investment in history, which has enabled USDA’s Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) to boost funding for RCPP. Additionally, NRCS is announcing progress on its effort to streamline and simplify RCPP and improve processes and implementation.

“We had unprecedented demand for the Regional Conservation Partnership Program last year, showing the robust interest in conservation from farmers and ranchers,” Secretary Vilsack said. “Through the increase in funding from President Biden’s Inflation Reduction Act, we’re able to invest even more this year in this important program, increasing our impact across the landscape. We’re looking forward to seeing what the more streamlined and customer-oriented Regional Conservation Partnership Program can do to get more conservation on the ground in the coming months and years.”

There are two separate funding opportunities being announced today: RCPP Classic and RCPP Alternative Funding Arrangements (AFA). RCPP Classic projects are implemented using NRCS contracts and easements with producers, landowners and communities in collaboration with project partners. Through RCPP AFA, the lead partner works directly with agricultural producers to support the development of innovative conservation approaches that would not otherwise be available under RCPP Classic. NRCS will set aside $100 million for Tribal-led projects to be used between both funding opportunities.

The 2024 RCPP funding priorities are climate-smart agriculture, urban agriculture, conservation, and environmental justice. This funding advances President Biden’s Justice40 Initiative , which aims to ensure that 40 percent of the overall benefits of certain climate, clean energy, and other federal investments flow to disadvantaged communities marginalized by underinvestment and overburdened by pollution. Today’s action also advances President Biden’s America the Beautiful initiative, a 10-year, locally led and nationally scaled conservation initiative that includes the voluntary efforts of farmers, ranchers and private landowners.

NRCS encourages proposals led by historically underserved entities or Indian tribes.

Project proposals for RCPP are being accepted through the RCPP portal . Details on the RCPP Classic and RCPP AFA funding opportunities are available on Grants.gov.

NRCS will be hosting webinars to provide additional information. Learn how to participate at the RCPP website .

More about RCPP

RCPP is a partner-driven approach to conservation that funds solutions to natural resource challenges on agricultural land. By leveraging collective resources and collaborating on common goals, RCPP demonstrates the power of public-private partnerships in delivering results for agriculture and conservation.

In November 2023, NRCS announced more than $1 billion for 81 RCPP projects across the country. View the interactive map of awarded projects here .

Since the beginning of the Biden-Harris Administration, NRCS has invested a total of $1.8 billion in 256 RCPP projects covering 49 states and territories.

More about the RCPP Improvement Effort

Through a concerted effort in 2023 using feedback and expertise from partners, employees, leadership and stakeholders, NRCS identified several improvements to RCPP that the agency has implemented and will continue to implement in the months and years ahead. In fiscal year 2024, NRCS is:

Streamlining RCPP agreement negotiation to allow simultaneous execution of program partnership and supplemental agreements;
Updating policy and business tools to streamline the development of RCPP agreement deliverables and reducing the need for nationally approved waivers;
Conducting annual comprehensive training for state program managers and support staff; and
Delegating additional authority to State Conservationists to support locally led projects.

NRCS will continue to invest in creating a new business tool to support greater automation of RCPP agreement development, obligating funding to partners, and quicker processing of payments.

NRCS is working on model easement deeds to streamline implementation of RCPP easements that use common deed terms for specific land uses.

This year, NRCS aims to reduce negotiation time from 15 months to 6 months, with the goal to reduce the time even further in future years.

For the full list of RCPP improvements NRCS has identified, please visit our website .

In addition to improving RCPP, NRCS is also working to make improvements to its Agricultural Conservation Easement Program and Conservation Stewardship Program to make them function better for producers, partners and staff.

More about the Inflation Reduction Act

These two RCPP funding opportunities include Farm Bill and Inflation Reduction Act funds.

In total, the Inflation Reduction Act provides $19.5 billion over five years to support USDA’s oversubscribed conservation programs, including $4.95 billion for RCPP over five years. The Inflation Reduction Act, part of President Biden’s Investing in America agenda, represents the single largest investment in climate and clean energy solutions in American history. Learn more about NRCS’ Inflation Reduction Act investments in fiscal year 2023 .

USDA touches the lives of all Americans each day in so many positive ways. In the Biden-Harris administration, USDA is transforming America’s food system with a greater focus on more resilient local and regional food production, fairer markets for all producers, ensuring access to safe, healthy and nutritious food in all communities, building new markets and streams of income for farmers and producers using climate smart food and forestry practices, making historic investments in infrastructure and clean energy capabilities in rural America, and committing to equity across the Department by removing systemic barriers and building a workforce more representative of America. To learn more, visit www.usda.gov .

USDA is an equal opportunity provider, employer, and lender.

Essay on Role of Students in Protecting Environment

Students are often asked to write an essay on Role of Students in Protecting Environment in their schools and colleges. And if you’re also looking for the same, we have created 100-word, 250-word, and 500-word essays on the topic.

Let’s take a look…

100 Words Essay on Role of Students in Protecting Environment

Introduction.

Students play a vital role in protecting the environment. They are the future custodians of our planet and carry the responsibility to safeguard it.

Environmental Education

Students should be educated about the importance of the environment. They can learn about recycling, conservation, and the effects of pollution.

Practical Actions

Students can take part in clean-up drives, plant trees, and reduce waste. They can also promote eco-friendly practices among their friends and family.

In conclusion, students have a significant role in protecting the environment. Their actions today will determine the health of our planet tomorrow.

250 Words Essay on Role of Students in Protecting Environment

The environment sustains life, providing the resources we need to survive and thrive. As the future leaders and decision-makers, students play a crucial role in protecting the environment. Their actions and attitudes will shape the future of our planet.

Education and Awareness

Students are in a unique position to learn about environmental issues and the impact of human activities on the planet. Through education, they can understand the importance of sustainable practices and the consequences of environmental degradation. They can further spread awareness among their peers, families, and communities, promoting a culture of environmental responsibility.

Practical Engagement

Students can directly contribute to environmental protection through practical actions. Participating in clean-up drives, tree planting activities, and waste reduction initiatives can have a tangible impact. Moreover, adopting sustainable habits like recycling, reducing energy consumption, and choosing sustainable products can make a significant difference.

Advocacy and Innovation

Students can use their voices and creativity to advocate for environmental protection. They can lobby for policies that promote sustainability, engage in peaceful protests, and raise public awareness about environmental issues. Moreover, students can leverage technology and innovation to develop solutions to environmental challenges, from renewable energy technologies to waste management systems.

In conclusion, students have a pivotal role in protecting the environment. Through education, practical engagement, advocacy, and innovation, they can contribute to a sustainable future. The actions of students today will determine the state of the environment for generations to come.

500 Words Essay on Role of Students in Protecting Environment

The environment is the backbone of our existence, providing us with the necessary resources to thrive. As the most dynamic and energetic segment of society, students have a pivotal role in environmental protection. They are not only the future custodians of the earth but also possess the capacity to bring about significant change through their actions and influence.

The Power of Knowledge and Education

The first step towards environmental protection is acquiring knowledge. Students should be educated about the importance of the environment and the consequences of its degradation. This education should extend beyond the classroom to involve practical activities that foster a deep understanding of environmental issues. By conducting research, participating in debates, and engaging in environmental projects, students can broaden their perspectives and develop innovative solutions to environmental problems.

Advocacy and Awareness

Students can act as powerful ambassadors for environmental protection. They can raise awareness about environmental issues among their peers, families, and communities. Through social media, community outreach, and participation in environmental campaigns, students can spread the message about the importance of sustainable living and responsible consumption. Their youthful enthusiasm can inspire others to take action and contribute to the collective effort of protecting the environment.

Adopting Sustainable Practices

Students can contribute to environmental protection by adopting sustainable practices in their daily lives. This includes reducing waste, recycling, conserving energy, and using public transportation or cycling instead of driving. Students can also promote sustainable consumption by choosing products that are environmentally friendly and supporting businesses that prioritize sustainability. These actions, while seemingly small, can have a profound impact when adopted by a large number of individuals.

Innovation and Problem Solving

In an era of technological advancement, students can leverage their skills and creativity to develop innovative solutions to environmental challenges. This could involve creating apps that promote sustainability, designing products that reduce waste, or developing technologies that enhance energy efficiency. By harnessing their problem-solving abilities, students can contribute to the development of a sustainable society.

Participation in Environmental Conservation

Active participation in environmental conservation activities is another crucial way students can contribute to environmental protection. This could involve planting trees, cleaning up local areas, or participating in wildlife conservation efforts. Such activities not only have a direct positive impact on the environment but also help students develop a sense of responsibility towards the environment.

In conclusion, students have a significant role in protecting the environment. Their actions, whether it’s advocating for environmental issues, adopting sustainable practices, or participating in environmental conservation activities, can make a substantial difference. By harnessing their knowledge, creativity, and energy, students can contribute to the creation of a sustainable and environmentally conscious society. It is crucial for educational institutions to empower students to take up this role and guide them in their journey towards becoming environmental stewards.

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Environmental Science: Advances

2023 outstanding papers published in the environmental science journals of the royal society of chemistry.

a Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China

b Carnegie Mellon University Department of Chemistry, Pittsburgh, PA, USA

c Department of Civil and Resource Engineering, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada

d Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, UK

e Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Portugal

f Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, USA

g Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA

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Graphical abstract: 2023 Outstanding Papers published in the Environmental Science journals of the Royal Society of Chemistry

This article is part of the themed collections: Outstanding Papers of 2023 from RSC’s Environmental Science journals and Outstanding Papers 2023 – Environmental Science: Advances

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Z. Cai, N. Donahue, G. Gagnon, K. C. Jones, C. Manaia, E. Sunderland and P. J. Vikesland, Environ. Sci.: Adv. , 2024, Advance Article , DOI: 10.1039/D4VA90010C

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