reported speech meaning in urdu

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Direct Indirect Speeches explained in Urdu

To have comprehensive understanding of English  in Urdu, you have to learn its  grammar and Direct Indirect Speech in Urdu. We will explain in simple Urdu as to what are direct and indirect speeches, what are the various rules for converting direct speech to indirect speech and vice versa? What are reported speech and reporting verbs? and will put light on various other related issues so that you learn direct indirect speech in Urdu.

Direct & Indirect Speeches اردو میں سیکھیں

اس صفحے پر آپ نیچے بیان کیے گۓ topics کے بارے میں جانیں گے۔  ان topics  پر براہ  راست جانے کے لیے انہیں کلک کریں:-

Direct  اور Indirect Speeches سے کیا مراد ہے؟

Direct Indirect Speeches   میں استعمال ہونے والی terminology

Direct Speech   کیسے لکھی جاتی ہے؟

Indirect Speech  کیسے لکھی جاتی ہے؟

Direct Speech  سے Indirect Speech  میں تبدیل کرنے کے اصول

Auxiliary/Modal Verb سے شروع ہونے والےسوالیہ جملوں کی تبدیلی

Where, what type  جملوں کی تبدیلی

Imperative Sentences کی تبدیلی

Exclamatory Sentences کی تبدیلی

Time and Place  والے جملوں کی تبدیلی

Direct اور Indirect Speeches سے کیا مراد ہے؟

جب ہم کسی دوسرے شخص کے الفاظ، لفظ بہ لفظ، بغیر کسی ترمیم کے،   inverted commas (انہیں Quotation marks بھی کہتے ہی) کے اندر لکھتے ہیں تو یہ Direct Speech کہلاتی ہے۔  اور اگر ہم کسی دوسرے کے الفاظ خود  اپنے الفاظ میں بغیر inverted commas کے لکھیں تو یہ Indirect Speech  کہلاتی ہے۔

آئیے اسے ایک مثال سے سمجھتے ہیں۔  احمد نے کہا ، میں بازار جاؤں گا۔  انگریزی میں  اگرہم  احمد کے الفاظ میں لکھنا چاہتے ہیں تو ہم  لکھیں گے :-

"۔Ahmed said, "I will go to market

اسے ہم  Direct Speech کہتے ہیں یعنی  بولنے والے کے الفاظ دہرا دیے۔ لیکن اگر ہم ان الفاظ کو اپنے الفاظ میں لکھیں تو  اس طرح لکھیں گے:-

.Ahmed said that he would go to market

یہ Indirect Speech ہے۔ یہاں ہم نے اپنے الفاظ میں احمد  کے کہے ہوے الفاظ لکھ دیے۔ کیونکہ یہ ہمارے الفاظ ہیں، ہم نے I کو he سے تبدیل کر دیا اور tense بھی تبدیل کر دیا ۔  اس کے بارے میں تفصیل سے آگے چل  کر پڑہیں گے۔

یہ یاد رکھیے گا  کہ Direct and Indirect Speech کا تعلق  written English سے ہے۔  Inverted commas  صرف  لکھنے میں لگ سکتے ہیں ۔

Direct Indirect Speech میں استعمال ہونے والی terminology

" Ahmed said , " I will go to the market

اوپر دیا گیا جملہ Direct Speech میں ہے۔ پہہلا حصہ جو انڈر لائین ہے”reporting clause” کہلاتا ہے۔ دوسرا حصہ جو بولڈ ہے اور inverted commas کے درمیان ہے "Reported Clause”  کہلاتا ہے۔  اس کو quoted speech بھی کہتے ہیں۔   Indirect Speech  میں تبدیل کریں تو جملہ یوں ہو جاۓ گا:

. Ahmed said that he would go to the market

اس حالت میں یہ جملہ  Indirect Speech  یا Reported Speech  کہلاتا ہے۔پہلے حصہ”Ahmed Said” کو reporting clause  اور دوسرے حصے "he would go to the market” کو reported clause  یا  reported speech  کہتے ہیں۔

Direct Speech کیسے لکھی جاتی ہے؟

Direct Speech میں پہلے جس کے الفاظ لکھے جا رہے ہیں، کا ذکر ہوتا ہے جو noun یا  pronoun ہوتا ہے۔  اس کے ساتھ لفظ say یا tell استعمال ہوتا ہے جسے  زیادہ تر  simple past form میں لکھا جاتا ہے کیونکہ کہی ہوئی بات عام طور پر  past tense میں ہوتی ہے۔ اس طرح reporting clause میں said یا told استعمال ہوتا ہے۔ اس کے بعد coma  لگتا ہے۔ Inverted Commas کے درمیان  کہے ہوے الفاظ ہو بہو لکھے جاتے ہیں۔ verb میں بھی کوئی تبدیلی نہیں ہوتی ہے۔

reported clause   کو reporting clause سے پہلے بھی لکھا جا سکتا ہے، جیسے:-

"I will go to  the market”,  Ahmed said.

Indirect Speech کیسے لکھی جاتی ہے؟

Indirect Speech  کا آغاز reporting clause سے ہی ہوتا ہے۔ اگر جملہ  affirmative یعنی بیانیہ ہو  تو reporting clause  میں  said یا told استعمال ہوتے ہیں،  اگر جملہ  interrogative  یعنی سوالیہ ہو تو  asked  یا  inquired  استعمال ہوتے ہیں  اور اگر imperative یعنی حکمیہ ہو تو  ordered یا  requested  استعمال ہوتے ہیں۔ کچھ اور الفاظ جیسے:exclaimed, replied, suggested, advised, agreed, complained اور  shouted بھی استعمال ہوتے ہیں۔

Indirect Speech  میں reporting clause کے بعد آنے والے coma  اور  quoted speech  کے inverted commas  کو ہٹا دیا جاتا ہے اور verb  کو ایک درجہ ماضی میں پیچھے لے جایا جاتا ہے جس کے بارے میں ہم مزید  کچھ  دیر میں پڑہیں گے۔

Learn Direct Indirect Speeches in Urdu

Direct speech سے indirect speech میں تبدیل کرنے کے اصول, 1۔ punctuation کی تبدیلی: .

Learn about Direct and Indirect Speeches in Urdu

2۔ Reporting Clause اور Reported Speech کے درمیان that کا استعمال:

Affirmative Sentences ( بیانیہ جملوں) میں reporting clause اور reported speech کے درمیان that بھی لگا یا جاتا ہے، مگر یہ ضروری نہیں ہے۔ آپ لگانا چاہیں تو لگا لیں، نہیں لگائیں گے تو جملہ غلط نھیں ہو گا۔ ویسے آج کل اس کا استعمال بہت کم ہے:

Ahmed said that he would go to the market.    (correct)

Ahmed said he would go to the market.    (correct)

3. Reporting Clause میں object کی موجودگی:

اگر direct speech میں  object بھی موجود ہو  تو indirect speech  میں تبدیل کرنے کے لیے  say کو tell میں تبدیل کر دیا جاتا ہے اور  reported speech  کے noun/pronoun کو  object کے مطابق تبدیل کیا جا تا ہے :

4۔ Person کی تبدیلی:

Reported speech  کا pronoun اگر first person یعنی  We, I یا our, my  ہو تو  اسے  reporting  clause  کے subject کے مطابق تبدیل کر دیا جا تا ہے۔ 

Reported speech  کا pronoun اگر second person یعنی you ہو تو اسے I یا  we سے اور اگر your ہو تو اسے my یاour سے   تبدیل کر دیا جا تا ہے۔ 

Reported speech  کا pronoun اگر third person یعنی he, she, it, they یا کوئی نام ہو تو کوئی تبدیلی نہیں آتی ہے۔  

5۔ اگر reporting clause کا ٹینس Present Perfect, Present Indefinite یا Future Indefinite ہو تو reported speech کا tense تبدیل نہیں ہوتا:

6. اگر reporting clause کا past indefinite tense ہے تو reported speech کا tense درج ذیل طریقوں سے تبدیل ہوگا:.

Present Simple Tense into Past Simple Tense

Present Continuous Tense into Past Continuous Tense

Present Perfect Tense into Past Perfect Tense

Past Simple Tense into Past Perfect Tense

Past Continuous Tense into Past Perfect Continuous Tense

Past Perfect Tense 

( The tense remains unchanged)

Future Simple Tense  (e.g. will)  into "would”

Future Progressive Tense (e.g. will be) into “would be”

Future Perfect Tense (e.g. will have)  into   “would have”

Future Perfect Tense (e.g. will have been)  into  “would have been”

7. اگر reported speech ہیں کوئی universal truth بیان کیا گیا ہے تو indirect speech کے tense ہیں کوئی تبدیلی نہیں ہوگی:

8. اگر reporting clause کا past indefinite tense ہے اور reported speech میں modal verb استعمال ہوا ہے تو درج ذیل طریقوں سے تبدیل ہوگا:.

can into could

could        ( The verb remains unchanged)

have to into had to

must into must/had to

may into might

might   (The verb remains unchanged)

should   (The verb remains unchanged)

9۔ Auxiliary/Modal Verb سے شروع ہونے والے سوالیہ جملوں کی تبدیلی درج ذیل طریقے سے ہوتی ہے:

• reporting verb کو ask  میں بدل دیا جاتا ہے۔
• reported verb کے بعد if لگایا جاتا ہے۔
• سوالیہ جملے کو بیانیہ جملے میں تبدیل کر دیا جاتا ہے۔
• Person اور tense کی تبدیلی اس سے پہلے بتاۓ ہوے قواعد کے مظابق ہوتی ہے۔

10۔type, ......... where, what سوالیہ (Interrogative) جملوں کی تبدیلی درج ذیل طریقے سے ہوتی ہے:

• Direct Speech والے سوالیہ لفظ  (what, where …)کو Indirect Speech  میں بھی دہراتے ہیں

11. Imperative Sentences (حکمیہ/ التجائی) جملوں کی تبدیلی درج ذیل طریقے سے ہوتی ہے:

• حکم کے لیے reporting verb کو   order,  warn  یا    ask  میں اور درخواست کے لیے reporting verb    کو    beg,  advise,  request, یا tell  میں بدل دیا جاتا ہے۔
• Positive  Imperative Sentences    کو   to سے،  اور Negative Imperative Sentences   کو   not to   سے شروع کیا جاتا ہے۔
• Reporting Verb میں اگر object نہ ہو تو خود سے لگا لیں۔

12. Exclamatory Sentences (جزباتی جملوں) کی تبدیلی درج ذیل طریقے سے ہوتی ہے:

• Exclamatory Sentence  کو بیانیہ جملے میں تبدیل کر دیا جاتا ہے۔
• Reporting clause میں say  یا express with  joy/sorrow کا استعمال ہوتا ہے۔ Say کا زیادہ استعمال ہوتا ہے۔
•  Direct Speech میں استعمال ہونے والے Exclamatory Words  کو ہٹا دیا جاتا ہے۔
• Reporting  Clause  اور reported speech کے درمیان that لگا یا جاتا ہے۔

13. Time اور Place کے اظہار کے الفاظ درج ذیل الفاظ سے بدل دیے جاتے ہیں:

Direct Indirect speeches  پر ہماری یہ ویڈیو بھی دیکھیں۔

Modals  کی  reported speech  پر ہماری یہ ویڈیو دیکھیں۔

Direct and Indirect Speech with Rules and Examples

Direct and Indirect Speech with Rules and Examples DIRECT AND INDIRECT SPEECH There are two ways of reporting the words spoken by a person. We can reproduce the words exactly spoken or we can express in our own words the substance of what he said. The first method is called Direct speech or Direct Narration. The second is called Indirect Speech or Indirect Narration. Imran said to his father, “I need more money”. Imran told his father that he needed more money. REPORTED SPEECH, REPORTING VERB: The exact words of the speaker which are put within inverted commas are called the Reported Speech. The verb that introduces the Reported speech is called Reporting Verb. In the above example “said” is the reporting verb and “I need more money” is the reported speech. The following points should be observed about these two modes of narration. (i) The Direct speech is always enclosed within inverted commas and it always begins with a capital letter. It is separated from the Reporting verb by a comma. (ii) (a) In the Indirect Speech, no inverted commas are used and no comma is used to separate the Reporting Verb from the Reported Speech. (b) The tense of the Reporting verb is never changed. (c) A conjunction, if necessary, is used after the Reporting verb. (d) Tenses, pronouns, and words denoting nearness of time and position undergo a certain change in the Indirect Speech. TRANSFORMATION OF DIRECT SPEECH INTO INDIRECT: Roles for the change of Tenses: If the Reporting Verb is in a present Tense (e.g says, is/am/are saying, has/have said, has/have been saying) or a future tense (e.g shall/will say, shall/will have said, etc) the tense of the verb in the Reported speech remains unchanged.As; (i) He says, “Children like to play”. He says that children like to play. (ii) Your brother will say, “Life was very hard during the war”. Your brother will say that life was very hard during the war. (iii) Ali has said, “Dogs would be hard to beat in faith fullness”. Ali has said that dogs would be hard to beat in faithfullnes. If the Reporting Verb is in a past Tense (e.g said, had said, was saying, had been saying, used to say ), the tenses in the Reported speech are changed into the past tense. do/deos is changed to did. did is changed to had done. had done remains unchanged. is/am/are doing is changed to was/were doing. was/were doing is changed to had been doing. had been doing is remains unchanged. will/shall do is changed to would/should do. will/shall be doing is changed to would/should be doing. will/shall have done is changed to would/should have done. will/shall have been doing is changed to would/should have been doing. would/should do, would/should be doing, would/should have done, would/should have been doing remain unchanged. may is changed to might. Can is changed to could. Has/have to is changed to had to. will/shall have done is changed to would/should have done. Might, could, had to, ought to, used to, and had better remain unchanged. Must is changed to had to, would have or left unchanged according to as it expresses

present, obligation, future obligation or permanent commands and prohibitions. Examples are: 1- He said, “Asif comes to the college daily”. He said that Asif came to the college daily. 2- Seema said, “I am coming for dinner”. Seema said that she was coming for dinner. 3- The poor beggar said, “The rich should try to be kind to the poor”. The poor beggar said that the rich should try to be kind to the poor. 4- He said, “It was very hot in the morning”. He said that it had been very hot in the morning. 5- He said, “It had been very hot since morning”. He said that it had been very hot since morning. Exceptions to the rule stated above: a) If the Reported Speech expresses a universal truth or a habitual fact, its tense remains unchanged. As; (i) The teacher said, “The earth revolves round the sun”. The teacher said that the earth revolves round the sun. (ii) She said, “Girls are usually more sincere than boys”. She said that girls are usually more sincere than boys. b) When the Reported Speech contains a time clause and both the main verb and the verb in the time clause are the simple past, these verbs are left unchanged. As; (i) He said, “The boy stuck to his post till his father ordered him to leave”. He said that the boy stuck to his post till his father ordered him to leave. (ii) She said, “The rude girl was disappointed when the fairy refused to help her”. She said that the rude girl was disappointed when the fairy refused to help her. However, if the main verb is in the simple past while the verb in the time clause as in past continuous, it is usual to change the main verb to past perfect and leave the verb in the time clause unchanged: As; (i) He said, “Asif slipped when he was trying to board a bus”. He said that Asif had slipped when he was trying to board a bus. (ii) He said, “Aslam died when his son was still struggling to get established in business” He said that Aslam had died when his son was still struggling to get established in business. c) If the Reported Speech describes a state of affairs which still exists when the speech is reported, its tense normally remains unchanged: As; (i) She said, “Whatever Asim does displeases his father”. She said that whatever Asim does displeases his father. (ii) He said, “Kamran’s wife wants to become rich by winning a lottery”. He said that Karmran’s wife want to become rich by winning a lottery. RULES FOR THE CHANGE OF PRONOUNS: (a) First Person: Pronouns of the first person are changed into pronouns of the same person as the person of the subject of the Reporting Verb: As; (i) I said, “I have done my homework”. I said that I had done my homework. (ii) You said, “I have done my homework”. You said that you had done your homework. (iii) He said, “I have done my homework”. He said that he had done his homework. (b) Second Person: Pronouns of the second person are changed into pronouns of the same person as that of the object of the Reporting Verb: As; (i) The teacher said to me, “You have not done your work well”. The teacher told me that I had not done my work well. (ii) The teacher said to you, “You have not done your work well”. The teacher told you that you had not done your work well. (iii) The teacher said to him, “You have not done your work well”. The teacher told him that he had not done his work well. (c) Third Person: Pronouns of the third person generally remain unchanged: As; (i) I said to you, “He should not be trusted”. I told you that he should not be trusted. (ii) You said to me, “He should not be trusted”. You told me that he should not be trusted.  When there are two or more third-person pronouns in the Indirect Speech, the name of the person referred to by each may be written in brackets against each of them to avoid confusion: As; The servant said to his master, “I have told you the truth and I can do no more”. The servant told his master that he had told him (master) the truth and he (servant) could do no more One has to be a little careful while changing the Personal Pronoun “we”. “we” can be retained as “we” or changed to “you” or “they” depending upon the relationship of the speaker, the person(s) addressed and the person reporting the speech: As; (i) He said to me, “We should have tried harder”. He told me that we should have tried harder. (ii) He said to you, “We should have tried harder”. He told you that you should have tried harder. (iii) He said to Asif, “We should have tried harder”. He told Asif that they should have tried harder. (iv) The Prime Minister said, “We, the members of the Muslim League, should be united” The Prime Minister said that they, the members of the Muslim League, should be united. (v) The President said, “We should be united to fight the enemy tooth and nail”. The President told said that we should be united to fight the enemy tooth and nail. Conversion of Assertive Sentences (Statement) Rules:  The Reporting Verb “said” should be changed into “told”, if it is followed by an object; If there is no object it should be lift unchanged.  Reply, answer, inform, state etc, may also be used instead of said or told to give charity of meaning.  “That” is used as a conjunction. Its use is optional, but usually, it is not omitted.  Tenses, pronouns, and words denoting nearness should be changed according to the rule For Example: (i) The Old man said, “My son! I live for you. But it doesn’t mean that you can treat me as you like”. The Old man told his son that he lived for him but it didn’t mean that he could treat him as he liked. (ii) A student came to me and said, “Sir! I shall be obliged to you if you will grant me three days’ leave. I have to go to my village to see my mother” A student came to me and respectfully said that he would be obliged to me if I would grant them three days’ leave as he had to go to his village to see his mother. (iii) “Aslam,” said the Princess sternly, “I command you to tell me what the old man had said”.The Princess sternly commanded Aslam to tell her what the old man had said. (iv) When Asif approached his father, he said, “My son, I shall forgive you if you confess all your sins”. When Asif approached his father, he(father) told him(Asif) that he would forgive him if he confessed all his sins. Conversion of Interrogative Sentences (From Direct to Indirect Speech) While changing the interrogative sentences into Indirect Speech, the following rules should be observed: Rules (1): In converting an Interrogative sentence into Indirect Speech, the following rules should be observed. a) Change the Reporting Verb into ask, enquire, demand, wonder, want to know, etc. Note that enquire and demand are followed by the preposition “of”. b) Change the Interrogative form into the Assertive form and remove the sign of Interrogative c) No conjunction is used when the sentence begins with question words like who, whose, whom, what, which, when, why, where, how, etc. d) Tenses, pronouns and words denoting nearness are changed according to the rules. As; (i) She said to me, “What can I do for you, dear?” She asked me affectionately what she could do for me. (ii) The old man said to his son, “What harm have I done to you?” The old man asked his son what harm he had done to him. Rules (2): If the question is not introduced by any question word, but “is” one of the types that can take yes or no for answer, we use conjunction “if” or “whether”. (i) The girl said, “May I wear this saree, mother?” The girl asked her mother whether she might wear that saree. (Note: Whether is a better conjunction since it includes the two meanings if and if not though, being short, if is more frequently used.) Questions beginning with “shall I”: Questions beginning with “shall I” are of two types: Pure Future: As; (i) He said to me, “Shall I return these notes by Monday?” He asked me if he would return those notes by Monday. (ii) He said, “Shall I have a happy married life?” He wondered if he would have a happy married life. Polite Request: As; (i) He said to me, “Shall I post these letters for you?” He asked me if he should post those letters for me. (ii) The clerk said to him, “Shall I ask these people to wait for you?” The clerk asked him if he (clerk) should ask those people to wait for him. “Yes” or “No” answers to questions: While changing from direct to Indirect, yes or no are paraphrased: as; (i) She said to Madam Sultana, “Can you lend me this necklace?” Madam Sultana said, “Yes” (Direct) She asked Madam Sultana whether she(Madam Sultana) could lend he that necklace, Madam Sultana replied that she could. (ii) I said to Asif, “Are you willing?” Asif said, “No” I asked Asif if he was willing. Asif said that he was not. (iii) I Said, “How many discoveries go unheeded?” I wondered how many discoveries went unheeded. (iv) I said to him, “Where have you lost the pen, I brought for you yesterday?” I asked him where he had lost the pen, I had brought for him a previous day. (v) She said to me, “Is there any possibility of my getting promotion this year?” I said, “Yes”. She asked me whether there was any possibility of her getting promotion that year. I replied that there was. Conversion of Imperative Sentences While changing the imperative sentences into Indirect Speech, the following rules should be observed: Rules (1): The Reporting Verb is changed into a verb signifying a command, request, advice.  Command can be expressed by the words command, order, tell, charge etc.  Request can be expressed by the words request, beg, ask, implore, entreat, desire, beseech, solicited, etc. Besides these words, forbid, persuade, incite, etc. May also be used according to the context. Rules (2): The verb of the Reported Speech is changed into an Infinitive. Rules (3): If the Reported Speech is negative, the word “not” is placed before the infinitive. Rules (4): Tenses, pronouns and words denoting nearness are changed according to the rules. Examples are: (i) He said to me, “Help him in setting the accounts”. He requested me to help him in setting the accounts. (ii) My friend said to me, “Please accept this invitation”. My friend entreated me to accept that invitation. (iii) The Doctor said to the patient, “ Give up smoking”. The Doctor advised the patient to give up smoking. (iv) The Commander said to his men, “ March further”. The Commander urged his men to march further. (v) The young man said to his father, “Pardon me sir”. The young man begged his father to pardon him. (vi) He said to me, “Wait here till I come back”. He ordered me to wait here till I come back. (vii) The father said, “Sons, do not quarrel over trifles”. The father forbade his sons to quarrel over trifles. (viii) I said to him, “Don’t worry about me”. I told him not to worry about me. (ix) The magician said to the boy, “Make haste and give me the lamp”. The magician commanded the boy to make haste and to give him the lamp. (x) The mother said, “Run away children, do not disturb me”. The mother ordered the children to run away and forbade them to disturb her. Conversion of Imperative Sentences with “Let” “Let” is often used to make proposals in such cases, he said, “ Let us do it” is changed to they suggested / proposed doing it or he suggested / proposed that they should do it. As; (i) I said to my brother, “Let us go to some hill station for a change” I suggested to my brother that we should go to some hill station for a change. (ii) “Let us invite some friends to our son’s birthday”, said the father. The father proposed that they should invite some friends to their son’s birthday. (iii) The teacher said, “ Let no child speak to Asif for the whole afternoon”. The teacher said that no child was to speak to Asif for the whole afternoon. (iv) He said to his friend, “Let me go home now”. He requested his friend that he might be allowed to go home. or He suggested to his friend that he might be allowed to go home. (v) The beggar said, “Madam, let me stay here a while and refresh myself”. The beggar requested her respectfully to let him stay there a while and refresh himself. Conversion of Exclamatory and Optative Sentences (From Direct to Indirect Speech) While converting exclamatory and Optative Sentences from Direct to Indirect Speech the following general rules have to be observed: Rules (1): In the case of exclamatory sentences the Reporting Verb is changed to exclaim with sorrow/Joy/fear/anger, etc., applaud, regret, curse, coy out or any other such verb that properly conveys the tone of exclamation. Rules (2): In the case of Optative Sentences the Reporting Verb is changed to wish/pray/ long for/yearn/earnestly desire, etc. Rules (3): The Conjunction “that” is used to introduce the Reported Speech Rules (4): The Exclamatory or Optative sentence is changed into an assertive one before it is put into Indirect Speech. Rules (5): Interjections and exclamations are omitted and their sense conveyed by means of adverbs or adverbial phrases. Rules (6): Tenses, pronouns and words showing nearness are changed according to the rules already stated. As; (i) “Hurrah! I have topped again”, he said. He exclaimed with joy that he had topped again. (ii) She said, “How ugly do I look in this dress!” She exclaimed that she looked ugly in that dress. (iii) He said to me, “what a pity! You did not come”. He exclaimed that it was a read pity I had not come. (iv) “Fie! A soldier and afraid of fighting”, said the General. The General exclaimed that it was shameful for soldier to be afraid of fighting. (v) He said, “Alas! How foolish have I acted!” He exclaimed with regret that he had acted very foolishly. (vi) He said, “Just my luck! I never thought I would fail this time too” He exclaimed that he was as usual unlucky and added that he had never thought he would fail that time too. (vii) The Captain said to the goalkeeper, “brave! Well done” The Captain applauded the goalkeeper. (viii) Asim said to his friend, “Good morning, How do you do?” Asim wished his friend good morning and asked him how he was. (ix) He said, “would that I could re-live my past!” He wished that he could re-live his past. (x) The Old beggar said to me, “May Allah bless you, my son!” The Old beggar called me his son and prayed that Allah might bless me. Msc. Exercise (i) My mother said to me, “You like hungry. Shall I go and bring you some fruit?” My mother told me that I looked hungry. She asked me if she should go and bring me some fruit. (ii) “Welcome”, he said, “be seated. It is my misfortune that I can not rise to receive you. Now will you tell me what brings you here at this late hour?” He welcomed me and requested me to b seated. He said that it was his misfortune that he could not rise to receive me, then he asked me to tell him what brought me there at that late hour. (iii) She said, “You scoundrel! How dare you tease me? I shall take you to the police station”. She called him a scoundrel and asked him how he dared to tease her. The she threatened to take him to the police station. (iv) The sevant said to his master, “The refrigerator has arrived. Where is it to be put?” The servant told his master that the refrigerator had arrived and asked him where it was be put. (v) I said to the servant, “ How dare you disobey my orders? Don’t you deserve to be punished?” I asked the servant how he dared to disobey my orders and whether he did not deserve to be punished. (vi) The King said to the two brothers, “ You speak like brave men. You may under take the adventure May good fortune be with you.” The King said that the two brothers spoke like brave men. He agreed to allow them to under take the adventure. He prayed that good fortune might be with them. Change the narration: 1. The master of the house asked him who he was and what he wanted. 2. He wanted to know if Seema was going to the market and suggested that they should go together. 3. I told the artist to show a few designs. I said that this outlines were sharp and expressive but his colours lacked harmony. 4. The peon said, “It is already past nine. May I go home sir?” 5. The young man said to her, “I love you. Will you marry me?” 6. “How can I marry you?” she said, “There appear to be a number of girls whom you love”. 7. I said my friend, “Please take your seat. Why are you looking so sad? Is there ought I can do for you?” 8. The children called to the nurse and said, “Please come quickly. Our brother has been bitten by a snake” 9. The children exclaimed with joy that their father had come. 10. The teacher enquired of the boys angrily why they had insulted the old man. 11. The teacher wished the boys good morning and asked them if they would like to play a friendly match with their seniors. 12. She said, “Alas! I am the innocent cause of our sorrows”. 13. The health officer instructed the chemist that those medicines were not to be sold without a physicians prescription. 14. The police officer suggested that they should a wrecked car there for a while, for it would remind the other drivers to be more careful. 15. I said to the servant, “Keep these boxes away from fire, for they contain some highly inflammable matter. 16. I said to the peon, “Take these papers to the Principal and request him on my behalf to go through them immediately”. 17. He said that his father was not at home at the moment but he would return in a few days. 18. I called my friends and told them that I wanted all of them to attend my birthday. 19. He told you that he could not get time to buy the medicines prescribed for you. 20. He fells me that he will have a great pleasure in coming to my home. 21. She says that she would like to be a doctor when she grow up. 22. The mother said that she could not leave the child alone. 23. The clerk said, “I am sorry I can not return the pass book immediately. It will be sent to you by post”. 24. “Son”, his father said in dream, you can continue your profession as a doctor. You will make a good living”. 25. He said, “We practiced at the nets for two hours yesterday morning and we shall practice for another two hours tomorrow. Is It + Noun? ~ Learn English Like a Child

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Direct And Indirect Speech Rules In Urdu With Examples

Each sentence has two phases to be defining it and this is technique is actually known as direct and indirect speech. For a simple identification between both these terms, we can recognize each as the direct sentences will always be enclosed by inverted comas (““), while the indirect sentences will be a saying from someone but the sentence is not enclosed within the inverted comas.  When students have learn the English language course , they must be acquiring with these direct and indirect speech rules in Urdu with examples. This technique will make you able to convert any phrase or nature of sentence in two different ways but the meaning will be same. The given examples of direct and indirect are making you more efficient about to be learning these concepts easily. This is a necessary and important thing when you are learning speaking English with full grip.

Direct Speech Rules In Urdu:

Any sentence or quote or a phrases said by a well renown personality is known as direct speech. Such as a Hadith or quotation said by a recognize personality. We are bound to write these sayings in inverted comas (“xyz”)and in same to same wording taken directly from the source. While writing the direct speech we can’t change the condition of sentence even one has said this phrase in somewhere in past. We can’t add annotation or interpretation in the phrase we taken from the source.

(Examples are gives below)

Indirect Speech Rules In Urdu:

Indirect speech is also known reported speech which is totally different or opposite to the direct speech. We can modify the reporting speech in own wording but the meaning of his talk should not be change. The first rule of indirect speech is that any sentence relating to someone other is not bounded to be writing within inverted comas. The second rule is, the indirect speech must be written in past sentence because someone has said in the past. A phrase or a sentence said by source could be modified in own wordings by the second person when he is going to deliver this message to others. But must keep under the view that the words you are using must not change the real meaning of the original phrase.

(Examples are written below)

Direct And Indirect In Urdu Examples:

In the above side you have study the difference between direct and indirect. In the following side you are getting the direct and indirect examples in Urdu. Through reading these examples it will more easier for you to get understand both these concepts.

 So these are the direct and indirect speech rules in Urdu with examples. Hopefully you have learned these rules with full of its aspects. Now, you have to learn more techniques of direct and indirect. you can click on any of the following link to get more about…

How to Change Pronoun In Indirect Speech   Change Assertive Sentence Into Indirect Speech Change Imperative / Exclamatory Sentence Into Indirect Speech

In the end of this page I would like to mention, that whenever you are learning English language course. You must be acquire with the direct and indirect in Urdu. You will be learn more information with examples and sentences.

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Direct and Indirect Speech Rules in English and Urdu

Direct and Indirect Speech Rules in English and Urdu Download PDF Book learn Direct Indirect narration definition, rules, conversion, examples and exercise with Urdu Translation.

Direct Speech:

Direct speech is a report of the exact words used by a speaker or writer. for example  She said, “I am watching a movie” .

Indirect Speech:

 A report on what someone else said or wrote without using that person’s exact words. for example She said that she was watching a movie.

Direct Speech Example Sentence:

He said to me, “I am going to Karachi.”

There are two parts of Direct Speech sentence.

He said to me.(Part 1)

I am going to Karachi.(part 2)

Reporting Speech (Part 1):

In first part we use subject,   object and single comma(,).

Reported Speech (Part 2):

This part falls in inverted commas at both sides(” “).

Persons of Pronouns:

1st Person:

2nd Person:

3rd Person:

1. In Simple and Negative sentence

Said to > Told

Say to > Tell

2. In Interrogative Sentence

Said to > Asked

Say to > Ask

3. Sentence of Order, Advise or request

Said to > Ordered. Advised, requested.

4. Said to > Proposed

5. Sentence of joy, sorrow or wonder

Said to >Exclaimed with joy (خوشی)

Said to >Exclaimed with sorrow (افسوس)

Said to >Exclaimed with wonder (حیرت)

Download PDF Book

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Direct and Indirect Speech in Urdu – Definition, Rules and Examples

آج ہم انگلش کی ایک مشہور بحث Direct and Indirect Speech (روایت لفظی اور روایت معنوی) کے بارے میں آپ کو بتائیں گے۔ نیز Direct and Indirect Speech کے قواعد سے بھی روشناس کرائیں گے۔

تو چلیے شروع کرتے ہیں۔۔۔۔۔۔

Direct and Indirect Speech Definition in Urdu

جب ہم کسی کو بتاتے ہیں کہ دوسرے شخص نے کیا کہا ہے۔ اور ایسا کرنے کے لیے، ہم دو طریقوں کا استعمال کر سکتے ہیں۔

Direct Speech definition in Urdu

کسی کی بات کو اس میں کچھ تبدیلی کیے بغیر اسی کے الفاظ میں جوں کا توں بیان کردینا Direct Speech (روایت لفظی) کہلاتا ہے۔ جیسے:

• زید نے کہا: “میں بیمار ہوں۔”
• اس نے کہا:” میں پڑھ رہا ہوں۔”

Indirect Speech definition in Urdu

کسی کی بات کو جوں کا توں (بعینہ) بیان نہ کرکے اسے اپنے الفاظ میں بیان کرنا (یعنی بات اس کی ہی ہو بس الفاظ ہمارے ہوں) Indirect Speech (روایت معنوی) کہلاتا ہے۔ جیسے:

• روایت لفظی: زید نے کہا: “میں بیمار ہوں۔”
• روایت معنوی: زید نے کہا کہ وہ بیمار ہے۔
• روایت لفظی: اس نے کہا:” میں پڑھ رہا ہوں۔”
• روایت معنوی: اس نے کہا کہ وہ پڑھ رہا ہے۔

Why learn Indirect Speech?

اگر آپ کہیں کہ آخر روایت معنوی Indirect Speech میں بولنے کی ضرورت کیوں ہے؟ اگر ہم کسی کی بات کو روایت لفظی میں ہی بولیں تو کیا حرج ہے، روایت معنوی میں بدلنے کی ضرورت ہی کیا ہے؟

تو یہ بات بالکل درست ہے کہ ہم کسی کی بات کو نقل کرتے وقت روایت لفظی میں ہی بیان کریں، بات سمجھ میں آجائےگی؛ لیکن ہر جگہ ایسا نہیں ہوتا ہے کہیں کہیں ہم روایت معنوی میں بدلنے پر مجبور ہو جاتے ہیں، ورنہ مفہوم بالکل غلط ہوجاتا ہے۔ جیسے اگر زید نے آپ سے کہے:” تم گاڑی خرید لو” اب اسی بات کو اگر آپ عمر کو جوں کا توں یعنی روایت لفظی میں بتاتے ہوئے اس طرح کہیں کہ زید نے کہا:” تم گاڑی خرید لو” اب عمر اس ” تم” سے الجھن میں پڑ جائے گا۔ اور خود ہی گاڑی خرید لیگا۔

لیکن اگر آپ نے ایسے موقع پر روایت معنوی میں نقل کرتے ہوئے اس طرح کہا ہوتا “زید نے مجھ سے کہا کہ میں گاڑی خرید لوں” تو بات بالکل واضح ہوتی اور کوئی کنفیوژن نہیں رہتا۔

کچھ اردو کی مثالیں دی جارہی ہیں؛ تاکہ سمجھنے میں مزید آسانی ہو، خیال رہے کہ ہم اردو میں کہیں فعل بدل کر بولتے ہیں کہیں نہیں بھی بدلتے ہیں، لیکن ضمیر ہر جگہ بدل کر مناسب رکھتے ہیں:

• روایت لفظی: خالد نے کہا،”میں کل آؤں گا۔”
• روایت معنوی:خالد نے کہا کہ وہ اگلے دن جائے گا۔

Parts of Direct and Indirect Speech in Urdu

عام اصطلاحات: پہلے کچھ عام اور ضروری اصطلاحات دیکھ لیتے ہیں:

عام طور پر Direct and Indirect Speech کے چار اصطلاحات ذکر کیے جاتے ہیں: 

ناقل یا بیان کرنے والے کو ہم Reporter کہتے ہیں، مقرر کی بات سننے والے سامع کو Listener کہتے ہیں(یہ ہمیشہ نہیں آتا)، جس فعل سے بات نقل کی جاتی ہے اسے Reporting Verb کہتے ہیں، اور جس جملے سے مقرر/قائل کی بات نقل کی جاتی ہے اس پورے جملہ کو Reported Speech (مقولہ) کہتے ہیں، جیسے:

• He said to me, “You are lucky.”
• اس نے کہا،”تم خوش قسمت ہو۔”

Parts of Direct Speech in Urdu

Direct Speech دو حصوں پر مشتمل ہوتی ہیں: Reporting clause (قول) اور Reported clause (مقولہ)۔

Reporting clause ایک فعل جیسے say, tell, ask, reply, shout, اور یہ عام طور پر ماضی مطلق (Simple Past) میں ہوتا ہے، اور Reported clause میں اصل متکلم کے بولے گئے الفاظ ہوتے ہیں۔

Rules of Direct Speech in Urdu

جب تحریر میں Direct Speech کا استعمال کرنا ہو؛ تو چند چیزوں کا خیال رکھیں:

•  قول (Reporting clause) کے بعد ایک  Comma(,)  کی علامت لگاتے ہیں.
• مقولہ (Reported clause) کو  quotation marks (” “)  کے درمیان رکھ دیتے ہیں اور ان الفاظ میں کوئی تبدیلی نہیں کرتے ہیں۔
• مقولہ کے پہلے Letter (حرف) کو Capital (بڑا) لکھنا ضروری ہوتا ہے.

Rules of Direct and Indirect Speech in Urdu

Direct سے Indirect بنانے کے لیے سات قواعد ہیں:

اس مثال میں دیکھیے کہ Indirect speech میں Comma اور واوین کو ہٹا دیا گیا ہے، that کا استعمال کیا گیا ہے، that کے بعد he کو small letter میں لکھا گیا، listener یعنی me آنے کی وجہ سے reporting verb یعنی said کو told کر دیا گیا، پھر reported speech کی ضمیر I کو بدل کر he کردیا گیا، am فعل کو was سے بدل دیا گیا اور اخیر میں وقت بتانے والے لفظ today کو that day میں بدل دیا گیا ہے؛ قواعد کے مطابق کل سات تبدیلیاں ہوئی ہیں۔

اب ہم افعال (Verbs)، ضمائر (Pronouns) اور زمان ومکان بتانے والے الفاظ (Adverbs Of Time And Place) کوتبدیل کرنے کے قواعد جانیں گے۔

Rules of Direct and Indirect Speech in Urdu 2

بدلنے کی آسان صورت یہ ہے کہ حال کے فعل کو اسی کے مناسب ماضی کے فعل سے بدل دیں۔

آئیے تفصیل سے جانتے ہیں۔۔۔۔

اگر افعال 12 ٹینسز کے ہوں تو اس طرح تبدیل ہوں گے:

اگر To be فورمز کے فعل ہوں تو اس طرح تبدیل ہوں گے:

اگر Modal verbs ہوں تو اس طرح تبدیل ہوں گے:

Direct indirect can could may might has/ have to  had to must must / had to, rules of direct and indirect speech in urdu 3.

Come = Go (یہ فعل ہے پھر بھی اسے بدل دیا جاتا ہے)

عام طور پر ان الفاظ میں تبدیلی اس وقت ہوتی ہے جب Reporting verb ماضی Past میں ہو، Present اور Future کی صورت میں اپنے حال پر باقی رہتے ہیں، جیسے:

Direct  Indirect She says, “My husband will come now.” She says that her husband will come now. وہ کہتی ہے، ” میرا شوہر اب آئےگا” وہ کہتی ہے کہ اس کا شوہر اب آئےگا She will say, “I have to leave now.” She will say that she has to leave now. وہ کہےگی، “مجھے اب جانا ہے”  وہ کہےگی کہ اسے اب جانا ہے

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Direct Indirect of Simple Present Tense | English and Urdu

Direct and Indirect Speech is used to express the content of any statements, questions or other utterances made by anyone. There are to ways to express the statement, question or utterance. One is Direct Speech and Second one is Indirect Speech. In Direct Speech, we quote the statement as it was made. But in indirect speech, we have a slight change in words of the one who is making the statement. We don’t quote the exact words.

Changes of Tenses in Narration is very very important because any mistake in tense may lead to the critical mistakes. So in this lesson, we will try to learn change in Simple Present Tense in Direct and Indirect. Starting from the rules of tenses, we will end this lecture up using some examples of every rule.

CHANGES IN PRESENT INDEFINITE TENSE

Usually, the present changes to past tense when we change direct speech into indirect speech.

Examples are explained below;

 How to Use Universal Truths???

If the content is still true or happening then we do not need to change the tense in the reported speech . 

OR, in case of universal truth, proverb, mathematical facts, habitual action, historic facts and imaginary sentences we don’t change the tense in reported speech.

Let’s have examples to learn this concept;

If reporting verb is given in present or future tense:

If reporting verb is given in Present or Future  tense then there will be  no change  in the verb or tense of Reported speech

For example:

Direct:  The teacher says, “Ali performs on the stage” Indirect:  The teacher says that Ali performs on the stage.

 Different Examples of Changes in Present Indefinite Tense in Narration.

Download PDF Here

Changes in Simple Tense in Narration

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Voice speed

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اکثر اسکولوں میں سالانہ تقسیم انعامات کا دن جب کہ تقریریں وغیرہ بھی ہوتی ہیں۔.

speech-reading

ہونٹوں کی جنبش سے بات سمجھنا، لب خوانی۔.

speech-writer

سیاست دانوں وغیرہ کے لیے تقریر لکھنے پر مامور شخص، تقریر نویس۔.

speech impediment

Speech therapy.

بولنے کے نقص کا علاج۔.

مزاحاً یا تحقیراً: لمبی تقریریں کرنا خصوصاً بے مزہ۔.

speechlessness

Queen's speech.

(برطانیہ میں ) پارلیمنٹ کے افتتاحی اجلاس میں شاہی خطاب جس میں حکومت کے منصوبوں اور مجوزہ اقدامات کا ذکر ہوتا ہے ۔.

visible speech

صوتیاتی حروف کا ایک نِظام جِس میں ہر مُمکِن تقریری آواز اپنے تلفظ کا اسلوب ظاہِر کر دیتی ہے

reported speech

با لواسطہ بیان ( اقتباس یا براہ راست بیان کے بر خلاف ) اسے indirect speech بھی کہتے ہیں( اس پیرایے میں ضمیر اور زمانہ بدل جاتا ہے )۔:

part of speech

لفظ کی قواعدی شکل یا قسم (جیسے اسم، ضمیر ،صفت متعلق فعل، فعل، حرف جار، حرف عطف، فجائیہ).

ship chandler

ترپالیں ، رسّے وغیرہ بیچنے والا ، طناب فروش۔.

sau-pachaas

Urdu words for speech, speech के उर्दू अर्थ.

• अंदाज़-ए-कलाम
• मुख़्तसर तब्सिरा

speech کے اردو معانی

• مختصر تبصرہ

Tags for speech

English meaning of speech , speech meaning in english, speech translation and definition in English. speech का मतलब (मीनिंग) अंग्रेजी (इंग्लिश) में जाने | Khair meaning in hindi

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today, present moment

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Critique us ( speech )

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Reported Speech

Perfect english grammar.

Reported Statements

Here's how it works:

We use a 'reporting verb' like 'say' or 'tell'. ( Click here for more about using 'say' and 'tell' .) If this verb is in the present tense, it's easy. We just put 'she says' and then the sentence:

• Direct speech: I like ice cream.
• Reported speech: She says (that) she likes ice cream.

We don't need to change the tense, though probably we do need to change the 'person' from 'I' to 'she', for example. We also may need to change words like 'my' and 'your'. (As I'm sure you know, often, we can choose if we want to use 'that' or not in English. I've put it in brackets () to show that it's optional. It's exactly the same if you use 'that' or if you don't use 'that'.)

But , if the reporting verb is in the past tense, then usually we change the tenses in the reported speech:

• Reported speech: She said (that) she liked ice cream.

* doesn't change.

• Direct speech: The sky is blue.
• Reported speech: She said (that) the sky is/was blue.

Click here for a mixed tense exercise about practise reported statements. Click here for a list of all the reported speech exercises.

Reported Questions

So now you have no problem with making reported speech from positive and negative sentences. But how about questions?

• Direct speech: Where do you live?
• Reported speech: She asked me where I lived.
• Direct speech: Where is Julie?
• Reported speech: She asked me where Julie was.
• Direct speech: Do you like chocolate?
• Reported speech: She asked me if I liked chocolate.

Click here to practise reported 'wh' questions. Click here to practise reported 'yes / no' questions. Reported Requests

There's more! What if someone asks you to do something (in a polite way)? For example:

• Direct speech: Close the window, please
• Or: Could you close the window please?
• Or: Would you mind closing the window please?
• Reported speech: She asked me to close the window.
• Direct speech: Please don't be late.
• Reported speech: She asked us not to be late.

Reported Orders

• Direct speech: Sit down!
• Reported speech: She told me to sit down.
• Click here for an exercise to practise reported requests and orders.
• Click here for an exercise about using 'say' and 'tell'.
• Click here for a list of all the reported speech exercises.

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Reported speech meaning in urdu

• feasibility report meaning in urdu
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• report and block meaning in urdu
• reported upon meaning in urdu
• reportees meaning in urdu
• reported speech meaning in urdu
• forensic report meaning in urdu
• francis report meaning in urdu
• compliance report meaning in urdu
• hematology report meaning in urdu
• progress report meaning in urdu

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Meaning of reported speech in English

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• contextualize
• etymological
• etymologically
• inflected language
• pathetic fallacy
• philological
• philologically
• portmanteau word

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reported speech | American Dictionary

Examples of reported speech, translations of reported speech.

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Word of the Day

to try to persuade a customer who is already buying something to buy more, or to buy something more expensive

Searching out and tracking down: talking about finding or discovering things

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