difference between a cover letter and resume

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• Resume and Cover Letter
• Resume vs Cover Letter: How...

Resume vs Cover Letter: How They're Different

8 min read · Updated on January 25, 2024

Knowing how a resume and cover letter work together can increase your chances of standing out

A resume and cover letter are essential job marketing tools that allow you to grab the attention of prospective employers and make a solid first impression. Where a resume provides an objective and concise overview of your work history, knowledge, skills, and overall qualifications, a cover letter formally introduces you to the employer and summarizes your work experiences related to your resume. It also discusses why you're interested in the position and why you're a suitable candidate. 

These two complementary documents are similar in a few ways and very different in others. In this post, we'll cover the following to provide clarity around cover letters vs resumes:

Cover letter vs resume: what are the similarities?

Cover letter vs resume: what are the differences?

What can a cover letter convey that a resume can't?

What's the difference between a cover letter, a resume, and an application letter? 

Cover letter vs resume: what are the similarities? 

As noted, a cover letter and resume are both career marketing tools, provided to prospective employers, that give the opportunity to make a strong first impression. Here are a few additional similarities between the two:

Both are meant to sell your skills and experience to entice employers to bring you in for an interview

The heading and contact information provided in a cover letter should match what's provided in a resume

When both a cover letter and resume are submitted as part of a job application, they're submitted together

Each document should use a similar style in terms of colors, font type , and font size to provide a cohesive package

Both documents should be tailored to each job you apply to

Both your cover letter and resume should include keywords from the job description.

These few points are where the similarities between a cover letter and a resume end. 

When considering a cover letter vs resume, there are five significant differences between them. They are

Layout and structure

Tonality , tense and orientation.

A resume is a requirement and necessity for virtually all job applications. A cover letter, on the other hand, is highly recommended but isn't necessarily required unless the job application specifically requests the inclusion of a cover letter. It's also possible to come across some job postings that specifically ask you not to include a cover letter. If you come across such an instance, even if you're tempted, don't include it unless you want to risk immediately going into the “no” pile. 

Unless specifically asked not to, in most instances it's in your best interest to include a cover letter with your resume. It shows you care about the position and can help to make your application stand out from the competition. 

The purpose of a resume is to provide the employer with a concise overview of your relevant work history, skills, and other qualifications. It focuses on your past and how it applies to your potential to succeed in a new job. 

Your cover letter should focus only on the job you're applying to - it serves as an introduction to you and your resume. With your cover letter, you have the opportunity to showcase a bit of your personality, further summarize your resume, and emphasize why you're interested in, and the right fit for, the job. 

In a nutshell, a resume shows the employer how your experience fits the role and a cover letter tells them why it does. 

Another main difference between a cover letter vs resume is the layout and structure of each. A resume typically uses bullet points without paragraphs or large chunks of text. There are also standard resume formats to choose from. A cover letter is written in paragraph form, with a layout similar to any professional business letter you might write.

Resume layout and structure

A resume uses one of three resume formats - reverse chronological, functional, or hybrid - with specific sections that are required within each format. The most commonly used is the chronological format, which includes the following sections:

Contact Information

Resume Headline

Resume Summary

Core Competencies

Work Experience 

Additional optional sections sometimes included on a resume are IT Skills, Volunteer Experience, Special Projects, Certifications, Training, Awards, Publications, and Hobbies & Interests. 

For more tips on how to write an effective resume with several resume examples to review, refer to “ How to Make a Resume: Beginner's Writing Guide with Examples .”

Cover letter layout and structure

A cover letter ranges from 300 to 500 words and should be written using the same format as any professional business letter. The key sections of a cover letter include:

The header with the date, the employer's address, and your contact information

A salutation directed to a specific individual when possible

An introduction paragraph where you introduce yourself, share why you're interested, and emphasize why you're an ideal candidate

The body paragraphs - the most crucial section of your cover letter - where you summarize your qualifications and how they make you an ideal candidate to meet the job requirements and demands, in one to two paragraphs

A conclusion paragraph , where you'll conclude with appreciation and a call to action

The closing , with a professional closing salutation and your name

For more detailed information on how to write a cover letter with a cover letter example, refer to “ How to Write a Cover Letter (With Example) .” 

Your cover letter, unlike your resume, addresses the employer directly and with a tone that's more personable than a resume. The exact tone you go with for your cover letter should reflect the industry and organization to which you're applying, though it's still good to showcase some personality. When doing so, ensure you still keep it professional and don't be too personal to the point that it distracts from the letter's overall goal and ability to leave a positive impression. 

The tone of a resume is straightforward and objective. It offers the reader specific details about your past work history, key qualifications, and skills. 

A resume is mostly past-oriented, meaning that it focuses largely on your past work history and experiences. Much of a resume is written in the past tense, as well. 

A cover letter is written primarily in the present tense. The focus of a cover letter is more on the present and future, including mentioning current and future objectives. 

What can a cover letter explain that a resume cannot?

As noted, where a resume shows how you're a good fit for the job, a cover letter can discuss why you're a good fit. Also, a cover letter can explain details about your resume that you might not have had space for on the resume. For example, if you listed a work experience bullet point with a great accomplishment, yet you weren't able to highlight the challenges you overcame for that significant achievement, that might be something to include in the cover letter if it adds value and is relevant. 

Cover letter vs resume vs application letter

In addition to a cover letter and resume being part of your arsenal of career marketing tools, you might also be wondering where an application letter fits in - especially since some confuse an application letter with a cover letter. 

What is the difference between a resume and an application letter?

As mentioned, a resume is a document required for job applications and provides a succinct overview of your work history and credentials. An application letter provides a detailed overview of your work history and credentials in a letter format and is typically not used in conjunction with a resume.

What is the difference between a cover letter and an application letter?

Though a cover letter and application letter share similar features, they're different in content and purpose. A cover letter complements a resume and provides an introduction to yourself and an overview as to why your qualifications make you a good fit for the job. It's sent with the resume as part of the application process. 

An application letter is more detailed and dives deeper into an applicant's work history and qualifications. It's common to send an application letter to an employer of interest, even if they don't have any job openings at the time. In other words, it's sent outside of the application process and often expresses interest in working for the organization. 

The structure is similar to a cover letter, because they're both professional business letters. However, since the intent of a cover letter and application letter differs, the content focus is different between the two. 

Cover letter vs resume: yes, you need both (with rare exceptions)

Now you know the similarities and differences between a cover letter vs resume and the purpose of each. You also know that, in most instances, it's best to submit a cover letter with your resume when applying for jobs. Including both helps you to set yourself apart from others in a tough job market and make a positive first impression on hiring teams! 

Wondering if your resume and cover letter complement each other the way they should? Our team of TopResume experts can help you to ensure that both showcase the correct elements to help you land the interviews you desire. You can even submit your resume for a free review   to get started!

Recommended reading: 

How to List Certifications on a Resume (with Examples)

How to Start a Cover Letter that Grabs Attention

How to Include Relevant Coursework on a Resume (with Examples)

Related Articles:

Do Hiring Managers Actually Read Cover Letters?

How to Create a Resume With No Education

Why You Lose When You Lie on Your Resume: Learning From Mina Chang

See how your resume stacks up.

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The difference between a cover letter vs resumé

Job seeking is exciting, but it also has its challenges. Once you have found a great role to apply for, you’re faced with the prospect of competing against your peers and standing out against other talented applicants. As such, your cover letter and resumé are pivotal tools.

When preparing your job applications, it’s essential to know the difference between a cover letter and a resumé. In this article, we explore their formats, the type of information they should contain, and how they complement each other to create an extensive picture of your skills, experiences and personal attributes. 

What is a cover letter?

A cover letter is the first point of contact between you and a potential employer. Unlike a resumé , which provides a bullet-pointed summary of your skills and experiences, a cover letter allows you to directly address the employer and explain to them in your own words why you think you’re the ideal person for the job. As tricky as they can be to write, it’s always good practice to include a cover letter with a job application.

Components of a cover letter

A well-structured cover letter typically includes the following elements:

• Date and contact information : at the top, include the date of writing and your contact information.
• Salutation: if possible, address the letter to a specific person. Using “Dear [Name]” is more personal than generic greetings like “To whom it may concern”.
• Opening paragraph: start with a strong statement, briefly mentioning the position you’re applying for and how you learned about it.
• Body paragraphs: discuss your relevant experiences, skills and achievements. Tailor this section to the job description , demonstrating how well you match their specific criteria.
• Closing paragraph: conclude by reiterating your enthusiasm for the role and the company. Mention any attachments, like your resumé or portfolio, and indicate your availability for an interview.
• Closing: end with a professional closing like “Yours sincerely,” or “Best regards,” followed by your typed name.

Formatting a cover letter

Cover letters are typically formatted as traditional business letters. They should be concise and well-formatted – no more than one page and typed up in a professional-looking font, like Times New Roman, Calibri or Arial. 

What is a resumé?

Your resumé  is a bulleted summary of your education, experience, skills and achievements. It acts as a snapshot of your professional background and forms the foundation of any job application. It’s the ideal tool to show off your skills and qualifications at a glance, highlighting your most relevant jobs and responsibilities.

Components of a resumé

A standard resumé typically includes the following sections:

• Contact information: at the top, include your name, phone number, email address, SEEK profile and professional website. 
• Objective statement: this should outline your career goals and highlight your most relevant skills and experiences.
• Professional history: list your work experience in reverse chronological order, starting with your most recent position. Include the job title, company name, location, and dates of employment. Under each role, provide bullet points of your key responsibilities and achievements.
• Educational history: detail your educational background, starting with the highest level of education. Include the name of the institution, degree and graduation date.
• Skills and abilities: highlight specific skills relevant to the job you’re applying for, like soft skills and hard skills . 

Formatting a resumé

Resumés should be formatted so that the information is clear and easy to scan. They should be no more than two pages long, depending on your experience. Use a professional-looking, easy-to-read font , with clear headings and bullet points for easy navigation. 

What is the difference between a cover letter and a resumé?

While both a cover letter and a resumé are important parts of a job application, they serve different purposes. Once you know the differences between these two documents, you’ll be able to use them effectively in your job hunt, so that you stand out against other job seekers.

Differences between a cover letter and a resumé

A cover letter is a personalised letter addressed to the employer explaining why you are the right fit for the position. It is a chance to address any selection criteria outlined in the job post, as well as any relevant experience you have, to show why you think you’re the ideal candidate. Cover letters are typically typed up in letter format and saved as a PDF no longer than one page.

A resumé offers a quick summary of your professional qualifications and achievements. Resumés are formatted as lists with bullet points that detail your professional history and highlight your skills. They are also generally kept to one or two pages, depending on your experience.

While both documents should be tailored to the job you are applying for, a cover letter offers more scope for personalisation. It's an opportunity to directly address the employer and convince them to give you a callback, with reasons why you’re a good fit for the role and the company. 

Does a CV include a cover letter?

A Curriculum Vitae (CV) and a cover letter complement each other in a job application, but they are separate documents. A CV is similar to a resumé, but they are actually different types of documents. A CV is typically more detailed and often used in applications for academic, scientific or research positions.

While a CV or resumé provides an in-depth look at your career, a cover letter adds a personal touch. It allows you to explain your interest in the position and how you meet the criteria listed in the job description. Together, they present a full picture of your professional abilities and enthusiasm for the role.

Cover letter example

This sample cover letter demonstrates the structure and content that can help you stand out to potential employers. Remember, this is just a template and it’s important to personalise your cover letter to each job application.

[Your name] [Your address] [Your email] [Your phone number] [Date] [Company name] [Company address]

Dear [employer's name],

I am writing to express my interest in the [job title] position listed on [where you found the job posting]. With a [degree] in [your field of study] and [number] years of experience in [your industry/field], I am confident in my ability to contribute effectively to [company name].

In my previous role at [previous company], I [describe a key achievement or experience that relates to the job, e.g., "led a team of X in developing a new product that resulted in a 20% increase in overall sales"]. This experience honed my skills in [mention relevant skills, e.g., "project management and strategic planning"].

I am particularly drawn to this opportunity at [company name] because [mention something about the company or role that appeals to you, e.g., "I admire your commitment to innovation and excellence, and I am excited about the prospect of contributing to such a dynamic team"].

I have attached my resumé which further outlines my qualifications. I look forward to the possibility of discussing this exciting opportunity with you. Thank you for considering my application. 

Yours sincerely,

[Your name]

Resumé example

This resumé example highlights the key components and formatting you should consider when crafting your own. Again, this is just a template to guide you and should be tailored to reflect your unique professional background.

[Your name] [Your address] [Your email] [Your phone number]

Professional Summary Dynamic and results-oriented [Your profession, e.g., Marketing Specialist] with over [number] years of experience in [industry/field, e.g., digital marketing and campaign management]. Proven track record of driving revenue growth through strategic marketing initiatives. Skilled at [a couple of key skills or areas of expertise, e.g., social media strategy and content creation]. Professional Experience [Most recent job title] [Company name], [city] [Month/year started] – Present

• [Describe a key responsibility or achievement, e.g., "Led a team in designing and implementing a digital marketing strategy that increased online engagement by 30%."]
• [Another responsibility or achievement, e.g., "Managed a budget of $X and oversaw the successful launch of several online campaigns."]

Education [Degree, e.g., Bachelor of Arts in Marketing] [University name], [city] [Month/year graduated]

• [Skill 1, e.g., SEO and SEM techniques]
• [Skill 2, e.g., Proficient in Google Analytics]
• [Skill 3, e.g., Excellent communication skills]
• [Additional relevant skills outlined in job selection criteria]

Certifications (if applicable)

• [Certification name, e.g., Certified Digital Marketing Professional]
• [Certification name, if applicable]

Tips for crafting a cover letter

A well-written cover letter can get you noticed and increase your chances of landing an interview. It's your opportunity to make a memorable first impression. Here are some tips to stand out:

• Tailor it to the job: customise your cover letter for each job application. Connect your experience to the criteria in the job description. Highlight how your skills, experiences and values fit with the company’s culture.
• Keep it to one page: your cover letter should be concise and to the point. 
• Address it to the right person: address the cover letter to a specific person whenever possible. This shows that you've taken the time to research the company.
• Expand on information from your resumé: rather than just repeating what's on your resumé, tailor your skills and education to address the job description and provide more context about your work experience.
• Show your enthusiasm: employers want to know why you're interested in the role and their company. 
• Use a professional tone and format: while it's important to let your personality shine through, maintain a professional tone throughout the letter. 
• Call to action: end your cover letter with a call to action, such as inviting the reader to reach out for more information or to set up an interview. 

Tips for writing an effective resumé

Your resumé is often the first impression a potential employer has of you. A well-crafted resumé can open doors to interviews and opportunities. Here are some tips to help you write an effective resumé:

• Tailor it to the job : analyse the job description and identify the key skills and experiences the employer is seeking. Make sure these are reflected in your resumé.
• Keep it to one page: unless you have extensive experience or are applying for senior-level positions, aim to keep your resumé to one page. This forces you to include only the most relevant information.
• Use action verbs: start your bullet points with strong action verbs like ‘managed’, ‘developed’, ‘increased’, ‘implemented’, or ‘led’. This makes your resumé more impactful.
• Quantifying data: wherever possible, quantify your achievements with numbers, percentages, or other measures. For example, instead of saying “increased sales”, say “increased sales by 25% over six months”. 
• Proofreading: proofread your resumé multiple times, and consider having someone else review it as well.
• Include keywords: Many companies use Applicant Tracking Systems (ATS) to screen resumés. Include keywords from the job description to ensure your resumé passes through these systems.

Common mistakes to avoid

When preparing for your job application, it's just as important to know what to avoid as it is to know what to include. Here are some common mistakes to steer clear of when writing your cover letter and resumé:

• Only using one: relying solely on a resumé or a cover letter is a common mistake. Applying with both allows you to present a well-rounded picture of your skills and qualifications.
• Not personalising to the job: generic cover letters and resumés are easy for employers to spot. Tailor both documents to each specific job application by highlighting the skills and experiences that are most relevant to the job description. 
• Not proofreading: typos, grammatical errors and formatting inconsistencies suggest a lack of attention to detail and professionalism. Always proofread your documents multiple times.
• Repeating information on both: while your cover letter and resumé should complement each other, they should not be repetitive. Use your cover letter to expand on specific experiences or skills and to explain how they make you a good fit for the role.
• Including irrelevant information: don’t clutter your resumé with irrelevant job experiences or personal information that does not add value to your application for the specific role you are applying for.

Landing the job you want is a process that involves standing out against other candidates and getting noticed for your unique attributes. Understanding the key differences between a cover letter and a resumé – and optimising both – is vitally important to getting a callback. 

A cover letter is your personalised introduction that highlights your enthusiasm for the role and explains why you are the ideal candidate. On the other hand, a resumé is a concise, factual summary of your professional journey , outlining your skills, experiences and achievements. With the above insights and tips, you can craft a job application that will get you noticed.

Is a cover letter better than a resumé?

No, a cover letter is not better than a resumé – they are different documents that serve different purposes. A cover letter provides a personal touch, allowing you to explain your interest in the role and how your experiences align with the job description. A resumé offers a factual summary of your professional qualifications. 

When should I use a cover letter versus a resumé?

You should use both a cover letter and a resumé in most job applications. A resumé is always necessary as it provides an overview of your professional background. A cover letter adds context to your resumé, explaining your interest in the role and detailing specific experiences. 

Is a cover letter separate from a resumé?

Yes, a cover letter is a separate document from a resumé. While a resumé is a summary of your professional experiences and skills, a cover letter is a more personal letter, addressed to the employer.

Do you need a resumé summary if you have a cover letter?

Yes, it still helps to have a resumé summary even if you have a cover letter. It's particularly useful for recruiters and hiring managers who may skim through your resumé before reading your cover letter.

What is the difference between a resumé and an application letter?

The biggest differences between a resumé and an application letter (or cover letter) are purpose and content. A resumé is a detailed document that lists your professional experience, education, skills and achievements. An application letter is a written pitch explaining why you are interested in and qualified for a specific job.

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What Is the Difference Between a Resume and a Cover Letter?

• Resume vs. Cover Letter

What a Resume Includes

What a cover letter includes.

• Use a Cover Letter to be Subjective

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What's the difference between a resume and a cover letter? Both a cover letter and a resume share the common purpose of proving that you have the right skills to excel at the job for which you are applying.

However, there are clear distinctions between the structure and intent of the two documents. Job seekers should view their cover letter and resume as a complementary but unique pair of documents. That is, your cover letter should be more than just bullet points regurgitated from the resume. 

Many employers require that a resume is submitted with a job application. 

A cover letter may not be required. But, including one when you apply for a job can help your chances of getting selected for an interview.

The Difference Between a Resume and a Cover Letter

You can think of your resume as a general summary of your work experience and your cover letter as a summary of your work experience as it relates to the job at hand. 

A resume is a document that itemizes your employment history. It summarizes the jobs you have held, the education you have attained, certifications, skills, and other quantifiable information about your background and work experience. 

The most common  resume format  is a list with your contact information, and experience section that includes job titles, position descriptions, dates of employment, an education section, and other relevant information.

Typically, a resume is written in the third person and uses as few words as possible to summarize the experience. So, instead of writing "I supervised the large buying team at XYZ company" a resume would have a bullet point that says, "Supervised 19-person buying team."

Whenever possible, you'll want to use numbers on your resume, such as the number of people you supervised, percent sales increased, the number of customers helped, etc.

A cover letter is written to highlight the qualifications you have for the job for which you are applying. It is used to provide the employer with additional information as to why you are a good candidate for the job. The main function of your cover letter is to show off how your qualification makes you a match for the job. 

A cover letter is written in a letter format including a salutation, several paragraphs, and a closing. Unlike a resume, you should use the first-person to write your cover letter . (That said, avoid using "I" too much.)

Your resume should provide employers with a detailed list of your work experience and education. The skills and accomplishments associated with each job you have held should be described in enough detail to show employers how you have added value in those specific roles.

Often, resumes provide information in bulleted lists; this helps make the document concise and allows recruiters to scan through it quickly. 

A cover letter is a short three or four paragraph document. It should be written with the assumption that employers will consult your resume to match it to the statement you are making in the letter about your qualifications.

A cover letter will help employers to interpret your background as represented on the resume and will help prove how your previous experiences qualify you for a job.

When you are writing a cover letter for a job, first review the job requirements that are detailed in the job posting. Use your cover letter to explain how you meet those criteria.

Use a Cover Letter to Convey Subjective Information

A resume states the facts – who, what, when, and how. In contrast, a cover letter provides an opportunity to explain why you are qualified for the job. This document adds a bit of color and personality and is intended to persuade employers that you're a good fit for the position at hand. 

A cover letter is a better vehicle than a resume to convey more subjective information like the basis of your interest in a position, how your values motivate you to pursue a job, or why the culture of a company appeals to you.

Your cover letters will help you sell your qualifications to prospective employers while your resume provides the details to back up the information included in your letters.

• Career Blog

The Difference Between Cover Letter vs. Resume in 2024

When it comes to job search, writing a cover letter and resume are two crucial steps to landing interviews. A cover letter is a document that accompanies a resume and provides a brief overview of the candidate’s qualifications and interests, while a resume is a formal document which highlights an individual’s work experience, educational background, professional achievements, and relevant skills.

Why are they important?

Cover letters and resumes are important because they play a vital role in the hiring process. They are often the first impression a potential employer has of a job candidate, and serve as a means for employers to assess a candidate’s skills, experience, and compatibility with the role they are applying for. A well-written cover letter and resume can set a candidate apart from the competition and increase their chances of securing an interview.

Overview of differences

While cover letters and resumes serve different purposes, they are both important components of a successful job application. One key difference is that a resume focuses more on a candidate’s skills and work experience, while a cover letter provides an opportunity for the candidate to showcase their personality and explain why they are interested in the position. Additionally, a cover letter allows a candidate to address any gaps in their resume or explain aspects that may not be immediately apparent to a potential employer.

In essence, both cover letters and resumes are tools that job seekers can use to market themselves effectively to potential employers. Understanding the differences between the two and knowing how to craft them effectively can make all the difference in landing that dream job.

Content Differences

When it comes to job hunting, crafting a cover letter and a resume are essential to making a strong first impression. However, it’s important to understand the differences between the two so you can optimize the content and increase your chances of landing an interview.

What does a cover letter contain?

A cover letter is a brief document that typically accompanies a resume. It’s a way to introduce yourself to the employer and highlight your relevant skills and experience. The goal of a cover letter is to persuade the reader to consider your resume and invite you to an interview.

A well-written cover letter should contain the following elements:

• An introduction that includes the job you’re applying for and your reason for writing
• A summary of your skills and experience that are relevant to the job
• A section that highlights your achievements and accomplishments
• A strong closing statement that thanks the employer for considering your application and expresses your interest in the position.

What does a resume contain?

On the other hand, a resume is a more comprehensive document that provides a detailed overview of your professional experience, skills, and achievements. Its purpose is to showcase your qualifications and convince the employer to hire you.

Your resume should include the following information:

• Your contact information
• A professional summary that highlights your skills and experience
• Your work history, starting with the most recent position
• Your education, training, and certifications
• Your skills and personal qualities that are relevant to the job

Importance of tailoring content to the job

One of the most crucial aspects of creating a strong cover letter and resume is tailoring the content to the job you’re applying for. This means customizing your documents to match the skills, requirements, and culture of the company you’re interested in.

By tailoring your job application to the specific needs of the employer, you’re showing that you’re a good match for the role and the company. It also demonstrates that you’re invested in the company and took the time to research and learn about its needs.

To tailor your cover letter and resume effectively, you need to:

• Research the company and the job posting
• Analyze the job requirements and match them to your skills and experience
• Use relevant keywords and phrases from the job posting in your documents
• Highlight your achievements and accomplishments that are relevant to the job

Understanding the differences between a cover letter and a resume and tailoring them to the job you’re applying for can make a significant difference in your job search success. Spend time crafting these documents and make sure they reflect your most relevant skills and experience.

Formatting Differences

When it comes to creating a cover letter and a resume, there are distinct formatting differences that need to be considered. Here are a few key differences:

Differences in layout and structure

Unlike a resume which has a standardized structure including headings such as “Work Experience,” “Skills,” and “Education,” a cover letter is typically a bit more freeform. It should focus on telling a story about who you are, what you’ve accomplished and why you’re the best fit for the role.

Importance of visual appeal

Your resume and cover letter are a direct representation of you as a candidate. Therefore, it’s important to ensure they have visual appeal. This means using a font that is easy to read, adequate spacing between lines and paragraphs, bullets and numbering for lists, and most importantly, a consistent format.

Tips for formatting

To ensure your cover letter and resume standout in a sea of applicants, here are a few tips to follow:

• Use a standard font such as Times New Roman, Arial or Calibri.
• Use 1-inch margins and spacing of 1.15 or 1.5 between lines and paragraphs.
• Use bold and italics sparingly to emphasize key points.
• Use bullet points and numbered lists where appropriate.
• Ensure your formatting is consistent throughout your document.

By following these tips, your cover letter and resume will be well-formatted, visually appealing and stand out to potential employers.

Purpose Differences

When applying for a job, it’s important to know the differences between a cover letter and a resume, as they both serve different purposes in the job application process.

Purpose of a cover letter

A cover letter is a document that explains why you’re interested in the job and how your skills and experience make you a good fit for the position. It’s essentially a personalized introduction that highlights your qualifications, achievements and career goals. A cover letter is an opportunity to showcase your personality and demonstrate your enthusiasm for the job, as well as your ability to communicate effectively.

Purpose of a resume

On the other hand, a resume is a comprehensive summary of your work history, education, skills, abilities and other relevant information. Its primary purpose is to provide potential employers with an overview of your professional experience and qualifications. A resume is typically designed to be scanned quickly, so it’s important to make it easy to read and to highlight the most important information clearly.

How they work together

While a cover letter and a resume serve different purposes, they still work together to provide a complete picture of the job applicant. The cover letter supplements the resume by providing more context around your qualifications and experience, and by showcasing your personality and communication skills.

When writing your cover letter, you should refer specifically to the job posting and show how your skills and experience align with the requirements of the job. You can also use it to explain any gaps or inconsistencies in your work history or qualifications, which may not be immediately apparent from your resume alone.

Your resume, on the other hand, should be tailored to the specific job you’re applying for, highlighting the skills and experience that are most relevant to the position. While your cover letter can provide more context around your qualifications, your resume should be concise and to-the-point, focusing on the most important aspects of your work history and academic background.

The two documents work together to create a complete and compelling presentation of your qualifications and experience, helping you to stand out from other job applicants and get noticed by potential employers. By understanding the purpose of each document and crafting them carefully and thoughtfully, you can maximize your chances of landing your dream job.

Target Audience Differences

When applying for a job, it’s important to understand the differences in the audience that will be reading your cover letter and resume. Knowing who will be reading each document will help you tailor your message to meet their needs and expectations.

Who Reads Cover Letters?

Cover letters are typically read by the hiring manager or recruiter. These individuals are responsible for screening resumes and selecting candidates to move forward in the hiring process. Cover letters are your opportunity to introduce yourself and make a great first impression.

Who Reads Resumes?

Resumes are typically read by the hiring manager or recruiter, but they may also be reviewed by other members of the hiring team, such as HR or department heads. Resumes provide an overview of your work experience, skills, and qualifications.

What Each Audience is Looking For

Hiring managers and recruiters.

Hiring managers and recruiters are looking for candidates who can meet the requirements of the job and fit in with the company culture. When they read a cover letter, they want to see that you have taken the time to research the company and understand what they do. They also want to see that you have the skills and experience needed for the job.

When reading a resume, hiring managers and recruiters are looking for a clear summary of your work history and accomplishments. They want to see that you have relevant experience in the field and that you have achieved measurable results. They also want to see that you have the skills and qualifications necessary for the job.

HR and Department Heads

When HR and department heads review resumes, they are often looking for specific qualifications, such as degrees, certifications, or professional experience. They want to see that you have the credentials needed to be considered for the job.

Department heads may also be looking for candidates who have a strong background in the specific area of the company that they oversee. For example, a marketing manager might be looking for a candidate who has experience with social media marketing or email marketing campaigns.

Usage Differences

One of the most common questions job seekers have is, “when should I use a cover letter versus a resume?” The answer largely depends on the purpose of the document and what information you want to convey. Let’s dive into the specifics:

When to Use a Cover Letter

A cover letter is an introduction to your resume and should be used when you want to provide a more personalized touch to your job application. You should use a cover letter when:

• You want to showcase your writing skills and ability to communicate effectively.
• You are applying for a job that specifically requires a cover letter. Always read the job posting and follow the application instructions provided.
• You want to explain certain things about your resume or qualifications that may not be immediately apparent, such as gaps in employment, relocation plans, or a career change.
• You want to express your enthusiasm for the company or job opportunity and make a memorable impression on the hiring manager.

A cover letter is your chance to highlight your personality, enthusiasm, and professional writing skills. It’s an opportunity to connect with the employer on a deeper level and stand out from other applicants.

When to Use a Resume

A resume is a comprehensive summary of your professional experience, skills, and education. It should be used when you want to provide a detailed account of your qualifications for a particular job. You should use a resume when:

• You want to demonstrate your achievements and accomplishments in previous roles.
• You want to provide a detailed overview of your skills, experience and education relevant to the position.
• You are applying for jobs that request a resume only or if the company does not specify that a cover letter is required.

A resume is a professional document designed to convey your work experience and accomplishments in a concise and formatted manner. It typically follows a standard format, highlighting core information that is relevant to the role you are applying to.

How to Determine Which to Use

In most cases, submitting both a cover letter and a resume is ideal, especially when applying for professional positions. However, there may be instances where submitting one or the other is sufficient.

Here are some tips to determine whether to use a cover letter or a resume:

• Always read the job posting carefully to see what documents are requested.
• If a cover letter is requested, submit one in addition to your resume.
• If there is no mention of a cover letter and you are unsure whether to include one, contact the company and ask. It’s better to verify than to assume.
• Consider the level of formality of the job you are applying to. For example, a cover letter may be more appropriate for a role in public relations, communications or advertising, where a strong writing ability is essential.
• If it’s unclear which to use and both are optional, assess whether your resume can stand alone or if additional explanations or enthusiasm should be highlighted.

Tone Differences

The tone of your cover letter and resume is crucial in determining the impression you make on potential employers. Maintaining a professional tone is essential, and there are some key differences in tone between cover letters and resumes that you should be aware of. In this section, we will discuss how to maintain a professional tone in both documents, explore the differences in tone between cover letters and resumes, and provide tips for finding the right tone.

How to maintain a professional tone

To maintain a professional tone in your cover letter and resume, it is essential to use formal language, avoid slang or jargon, and avoid overly emotional or personal statements. Use a neutral tone and stick to the facts, focusing on your qualifications and experiences. Proofread your documents carefully to ensure that your writing is clear, concise, and error-free.

Differences in tone between cover letters and resumes

While your resume is a more formal document, your cover letter is more of a personal introduction. The tone of your cover letter should be friendly and engaging while still maintaining a professional tone. Your resume should highlight your skills and experience in a straightforward way, while your cover letter can explore your personality, passion for the industry, and enthusiasm for the position you’re applying for.

Tips for finding the right tone

To find the right tone for your cover letter and resume, research the company and the position you’re applying for. Look at the company’s website and social media pages to get a sense of their values, culture, and tone. Pay attention to the language used in the job listing and use similar language in your documents. Tailor your writing to the specific company and position, and don’t be afraid to let your personality shine through in your cover letter.

Maintaining a professional tone is essential in both your cover letter and resume. While there are differences in tone between the two documents, both should highlight your skills, experience, and qualifications in a clear and concise way. By researching the company and position you’re applying for and tailoring your writing to their specific tone and culture, you can find the right tone for your documents and make a strong impression on potential employers.

Common Mistakes

When it comes to applying for a job, there are certain common mistakes that are made in cover letters and resumes. If done correctly, your cover letter and resume can make an excellent first impression on potential employers. Here are some common mistakes to avoid:

Common Mistakes in Cover Letters

Generic and impersonal salutations: Avoid addressing your cover letter to “To Whom It May Concern” or “Dear Sir/Madam.” Always try to address your letter to a specific person in the company.

Talking too much about yourself: Highlight your strengths and experiences that are relevant to the position you are applying for. Avoid writing too much about yourself and your personal life.

Repeating information from your resume: Your cover letter and resume should complement each other, not repeat information. Highlight specific experiences and accomplishments that you didn’t include in your resume.

Failing to explain how you can contribute: Don’t simply write about why you want the job. Instead, explain how your skills will help the company meet their goals.

Spelling and grammar mistakes: Proofread your cover letter multiple times to ensure there are no spelling or grammar mistakes. This is the first impression potential employers will have of you, so make sure it’s a good one.

Common Mistakes in Resumes

Too much information: Keep your resume concise and to the point. Your resume should be a maximum of two pages.

Non-relevant work experience: Include work experience that is relevant to the job you are applying for. Employers don’t want to see every job you’ve ever had.

Listing job responsibilities instead of accomplishments: Highlight your accomplishments and how they’ve benefited previous employers. Don’t simply list your job responsibilities.

Formatting issues: Make sure your resume is visually pleasing and easy to read. Avoid using complicated fonts, and ensure there is plenty of white space.

Failing to tailor your resume to the job: Customize your resume to fit the job description. Highlight experiences and accomplishments that are relevant to the position.

How to Avoid Common Mistakes

Research the company: Before you write your cover letter and resume, research the company and understand their values and mission.

Tailor your application: Customize your cover letter and resume to fit the job description and the company’s values.

Proofread: Proofread your application multiple times to ensure there are no spelling or grammar mistakes.

Focus on the important details: Highlight your accomplishments and how they’ve benefited previous employers. Don’t simply list job responsibilities.

Seek feedback: Have a trusted friend or colleague look over your application to provide feedback and catch any mistakes you may have missed.

By avoiding these common mistakes, you can make an excellent first impression on your potential employer and stand out from other applicants.

Tips for Writing

Whether you are applying for a new job or looking to improve your professional writing skills, understanding the differences between cover letters and resumes can make all the difference in your success. Here are some tips for writing effective cover letters and resumes, as well as best practices for writing and editing in general.

Tips for Writing a Successful Cover Letter

• Tailor your cover letter to the specific job you are applying for. Use keywords and phrases from the job description to highlight your relevant skills and experience.
• Address the hiring manager by name, if possible. This shows that you have done your research and are invested in the company and position.
• Highlight your unique qualifications and why you are the best candidate for the job. Use specific examples to demonstrate your skills and accomplishments.
• Keep your cover letter concise and to the point, typically one page or less.
• Proofread your cover letter carefully to ensure that it is error-free and professional.

Tips for Writing a Successful Resume

• Use a clear and readable font, such as Arial or Times New Roman, and keep the formatting simple and consistent.
• Focus on your most relevant and recent work experience, using bullet points to highlight your accomplishments and skills.
• Quantify your achievements and responsibilities whenever possible, using numbers and percentages to demonstrate your impact.
• Include relevant keywords and phrases from the job description, as many companies use automated applicant tracking systems to screen resumes.
• Tailor your resume to the specific job you are applying for, emphasizing the skills and experience most relevant to the position.
• Proofread your resume carefully for typos, grammatical errors, and formatting issues.

Best Practices for Writing and Editing

• Start with a clear and concise thesis or main idea, and organize your writing around this central point.
• Use active voice and strong verbs to make your writing more engaging and impactful.
• Keep your writing concise and to the point, avoiding unnecessary words and phrases.
• Use concrete examples and evidence to support your points, and avoid vague or unsubstantiated claims.
• Proofread your writing carefully, checking for grammar, spelling, and punctuation errors.
• Consider seeking feedback from a trusted colleague or mentor to help improve your writing.

Understanding the differences between cover letters and resumes, and knowing how to write and edit effectively, can help you stand out in today’s competitive job market. By following these tips and best practices, you can create compelling and professional documents that showcase your skills and experience.

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The Difference Between a Cover Letter and Resume

First impressions are critical when it comes to landing a job. Your resume and cover letter are the first two things most prospective employers will see, so it’s important to get them just right. If you’re not quite sure what a cover letter is and how it differs from a resume, we’ve got all the information you need to know.

What Is a Resume?

Your resume is essentially a brief summary of your education, work experience and workplace skills. Since employers typically have to weed through several applicants, this makes it easy for them to quickly compare applicants. Not only is properly formatting your resume important, but you also need to make sure you’re doing a good job of highlighting your skills and experience.

What Is a Cover Letter?

Cover letters are often sent in with resumes, but they’re a little bit different. A cover letter is a sort of introduction that supplements the information you provide in your resume. You can use a cover letter to explain why you’re a good fit for the job, expound on your skills and experience and more. Ultimately, your goal is to grab the attention of whoever is in charge of hiring and position yourself as a qualified candidate for the job.

Key Differences

As you might expect, there are some key differences to cover letters and resumes. Your resume is essentially a list of all your skills, education and experience, so it’s short and to the point. Your cover letter, on the other hand, gives you the chance to expand on things and add a little bit of personality to your application.

Your cover letter is also a chance to highlight some of the characteristics that make you a good candidate but aren’t necessarily work skills or experience. For example, you can talk about positive experiences you’ve had working in large teams or why your self-motivated nature makes you a good fit for the job you’re applying for.

Do You Need a Cover Letter and a Resume?

Whether or not you need a cover letter and a resume depends on the job you’re hiring for. Often times, a job will require a simple resume and nothing more. However, it’s always a good idea to put your best foot forward, and a well-written cover letter is a great way to do that.

Ideally, you should have one base version of your resume which you alter a bit to fit the job you’re applying for. When it comes to your cover letter, however, you should rewrite it from scratch each time. Not only will this add a more personal touch, it will help you improve as a cover letter writer and land better jobs in the future.

How Long Should a Cover Letter Be?

The difficult part about writing a cover letter is getting everything just right. It’s important to convey the right things in your cover letter and use the right voice. Perhaps most important, however, is making sure your cover letter is the right length.

So, how long should a cover letter be? For starters, you should never make your cover letter longer than a full page. In fact, it’s best for your cover letter to be between a half page and a full page. Two to four short paragraphs is more than enough space to introduce yourself, highlight some of your strong points and position yourself as a good candidate for the job. Employers generally don’t want to read a long cover letter, so keeping it short is convenient for both of you.

If you want the best shot at landing a job, you need to make sure you have a strong resume and cover letter. That means including the right information, formatting things correctly and keeping it short and sweet. With a little bit of research and practice, you can write a great cover letter to land yourself the job you’ve always wanted.

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