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Learning Disabilities

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Presentation on theme: "Learning Disabilities"— Presentation transcript:

SPECIAL EDUCATION Learning Disabilities and the Law:

RtI Response to Intervention

Data Collection Benchmark (CBM Family) Progress Monitoring Interventions Tiers Training/Materials Problem Solving Model Allocation of Resources.

Learners with Learning Disabilities ED226 Fall 2010.

Parent and Educator Information Dyslexia

Learning Disabilities According to the National Advisory Committee on Handicapped Children in 1967, a learning disability is a “disorder of one or more.

Rationale Participation with Peers (Section X of IEP)

Understanding Each Child’s Exceptionality and their Accommodations

Ruth Colker The Ohio State University Moritz College of Law The Learning Disability Mess.

Proper Evaluation Procedures for Students with Learning Disabilities

Learning Disabilities - Definition. Learning Disabilities  SLD means a disorder in one or more of the basic psychological processes involved in understanding.

Learning Disabilities TLSE 240. What do all these people have in common? Cher Jay Leno Whoopi Goldberg Charles Schwab Greg Louganis Bruce Jenner Nelson.

Learning Disabilities - Definition. Learning Disabilities SLD means a disorder in one or more of the basic psychological processes involved in understanding.

Dyslexia By:Jessi Ritucci.

Characteristics of Students with Learning Disabilities ESE 380 February 12, 2009.

Understanding Students with Learning Disabilities Chapter 5.

Chapter 5: Learners with Learning Disabilities Critical Concepts Karen Stewart.

Students with Learning Disabilities

Children with Specific Learning Disabilities: Who are they & what do they need? Dr. Catherine CC LAM HK Society of Child Neurology & Developmental Paediatrics.

Learning Disabilities With an emphasis on math learning disabilities.

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The table above represents PowerPoint Presentation Topics for NASET members. Each Topic may contain several PowerPoint Presentations and to view the options click on the desired topic above. As a Member of NASET you  have access to all the presentations listed here.

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  asse ssment in special education.

Title: Initial Evaluation and Reevaluation Total Number of Slides: 30 PowerPoint Description: Initial Evaluation and Reevaluation is a PowerPoint presentation that looks at the specific requirements of IDEA regarding the initial evaluation of a child suspected of having a disability and how the results are applied to determining the child's eligibility for special education and related services. The reevaluation process is also described.

Title: Calculating the Age of a Student for Assessment Purposes Total Number of Slides : 28 PowerPoint Description: Step-by-step explanation of how to calculate a child’s age for special education assessment. Slides offer model examples and practice problems.

Title: Eligibility Evaluation Total Number of Slides: 12 PowerPoint Description: This PowerPoint presentation is a 12-silde review of the eligibility procedures and process for students going through the assessment process for a suspected disability.

Title: Identification of High Risk Students Total Number of Slides: 35 PowerPoint Description: This PowerPoint presentation focuses on the differences between symptoms versus problems, characteristics of high risk students, avoidance behavior patterns associated with high risk students, and “energy drain” and its effect on learning.

Title:  Introduction to Evaluation under IDEA Total Number of Slides: 17 PowerPoint Description: This PowerPoint presentation introduces basic principles and requirements that schools must follow for evaluation, including:

• the purposes of evaluation
• parent notification and consent
• use of the student's native language during evaluation
• the tenets of sound, valid, individualized evaluation

Title: Non-Discriminatory Evaluations under IDEA Total Number of Slides: 9 PowerPoint Description: This PowerPoint presentation addresses the 6 criteria necessary for an evaluation to be considered “nondiscriminatory” under the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act. 

Title: Overview of Assessment in Special Education Total Number of Slides: 49 PowerPoint Description: This PowerPoint presentation gives a comprehensive overview of the basic points of assessment in special education.  Topics covered include: definition of assessment, multidisciplinary teams, comprehensive assessment batteries, methods of assessment, observations, portfolios, and types of tests used in assessment (norm-referenced and criterion referenced).

Title: Scoring Terminology Used in Assessment Total Number of Slides: 18 PowerPoint Description: This PowerPoint presentation describes scoring terminology common to evaluations and reports in special education.  These include such terms as: basal, ceiling, raw scores, standard scores, percentiles, stanines, age equivalents, and grade equivalents.

Title: Statistics Used in the Assessment of Children for Special Education Total Number of Slides: 18 PowerPoint Description: This PowerPoint presentation explains statistics often used in the assessment of children for a suspected disability.  Topics covered include: definition of statistics, mean, median, mode, range, standard deviation, normal curve.  Practice problems and many examples are offered.

Title:   Step-by-Step Guide to Writing a Comprehensive Report in Special Education Total Number of Slides: 66 Description: This PowerPoint presentation provides a detailed description of how to write an educational report in special education.  Each section of a report is discussed, along with model examples given.  After all sections are covered, a model report is explained in a step-by-step fashion.

Title: Wechsler Individualized Achievement Test-2 (WIAT-2): An Overview Total Number of Slides: 43 PowerPoint Description: This PowerPoint presentation explains the various components of the WIAT-2.  The WIAT-2 is one of the most frequently used academic achievement tests used in schools today.  The 43 slides cover the format of the test, key points regarding administration, and all subtests.

  AUTIS M

Title:   Autism: An Overview Total Number of Slides:   50 PowerPoint Description:  This PowerPoint presentation covers a basic overview of autism.  Categories include: definition of autism, autism, as defined under DSM-IV, causes of autism, general characteristics of children with autism, and the various types of autism (Aspergers, Childhood Disintegrative Disorder, and Retts Syndrome).

Title: Teaching Students with Autism-Step-by-Step Total Number of Slides:  124 PowerPoint Description:  This 124 slide PowerPoint presentation gives an in-depth view of the various methods, styles, and effective teaching techniques when educating children with autism.  The presentation takes a step-by-step approach to help the reader with practical tools for the classroom.

  BEHAVIOR MANAGEMENT

Title: Overview of Disruptive Behavior Problems Description: This presentation addresses a variety of disruptive behavior disorders frequently observed special education programs. The presentation also discusses the management of behavior disorders in the classroom. Number of Slides: 44

  CLASSROOM MANAGEMENT

Title:  Effective Classroom Strategies Total Number of Slides:  20 PowerPoint Description:  This PowerPoint presentation was created by the State of Utah.  It covers effective classroom management strategies for social and academic behavior.

  CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT

Title: 9 Ways to Adapt Curriculum Description: This presentation addresses a variety of methods used to adapt curriculum for students with special needs. This presentation is suitable for Resource Room, Inclusion, Self Contained and Regular Education teachers. It will provide you with the tools to increase a student’s ability to succeed and accomplish taks in school. Number of Slides: 18

Title: Factors Effecting Curriculum Performance Description: This presentation addresses the eight factors that may interfere in a student’s ability to succeed while performing in school. It touches on the various types of stress and experiences that may reduce a student’s capacity to concentrate and perform the various areas in the curriculum. Number of Slides: 79

  EARLY CHILDHOOD

Title:  Child Find Total Number of Slides:  10 PowerPoint Description:   This PowerPoint presentation was created by the State of Utah.  It is a brief overview of childfind, what “Find” means, how we find children at risk, and educational implications.

Title: IFSP—The Individualized Family Service Plan Total Number of Slides:  43 PowerPoint Description:  This PowerPoint presentation covers the basic principles of an IFSP.  Topics covered include: How the IFSP differs from the IEP, definition of IFSP, writing effective IFSPs, intervention strategies, and components of an IFSP as required by federal law.

  EMOTIONAL AND BEHAVIORAL DISORDERS

Title: Emotional Disturbance - An Overview Total Number of Slides:  62 PowerPoint Description:  This PowerPoint presentation focuses on students with emotional and behavioral disorders.  Topics covered include: IDEA definition of ED, incidence, characteristics, academic symptoms, classroom management, and types of behavioral disorders seen in students classified as students with an emotional disturbance.

Title:  Emotional Disturbance and the Least Restrictive Environment Total Number of Slides:  14 PowerPoint Description:   This PowerPoint presentation focuses on the various types of educational placements where students with emotional and behavioral disorders are educated.  These placements include the general education classroom, resource room, self-contained classroom, separate schools/alternative schools, residential facilities, and hospitals.  Each placement is explained along with the associated prevalence rates

Title: Emotional Disturbance and Prevalence Rates Total Number of Slides:  14 PowerPoint Description:   This PowerPoint presentation addresses just how common emotional and behavioral disorders are in students throughout the United States.  It discusses why ED is considered one of the “Big 4”, as well as gender discrepancies, the differemce between internalizing and externalizing behaviors, and age discrepancies.

Title: Emotional Disturbance - Understanding the Definition under IDEA Total Number of Slides:  23 PowerPoint Description:   This PowerPoint presentation focuses exclusively on the federal law’s definition of emotional disturbance.  Under IDEA, the definition of emotional disturbance is very detailed.  It is also highly controversial.  These slides will address each part of the definition, as well as address the controversy surrounding who is a child with an emotional disturbance and who is not.

  GIFTED AND TALENTED STUDENTS

Title: Teaching Gifted and Talented Students Total Number of Slides:  31 Powerpoint Description:   This PowerPoint presentation gives a broad overview of what constitutes the gifted child.  Topics covered include:  definition of giftedness, prevalence rates of gifted students, the difference between bright children and gifted children, characteristics of gifted children, and effective teaching strategies when educating gifted children in the classroom.  

Title: Understanding the Major Principles under IDEA Total Number of Slides: 32 PowerPoint Description: This PowerPoint presentation focuses on the 7 major principles of IDEA.  These principles are covered under the following topic categories: informed consent, zero reject, free appropriate public school education, nondiscriminatory evaluation, least restrictive environment, IEP development, and due process.

Title: Non-Discriminatory Evaluations under IDEA Total Number of Slides: 9 PowerPoint Description: This PowerPoint presentation addresses the 6 criteria necessary for an evaluation to be considered “nondiscriminatory” under the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act.

Title: Parent Involvement under IDEA Total Number of Slides: 23 PowerPoint Description: This PowerPoint presentation was created by the State of Utah.  It addresses the following areas: definition of a “parent”, local education agency’s responsibilities to parents, notice of meetings, parental consent, signatures, and parent roles and responsibilities.

  IEPs

Title:  Components of an IEP Total Number of Slides:   7 PowerPoint Description:  This PowerPoint presentation gives a brief overview of the requirements of an IEP under IDEA.  Each slide explains one or more of the components that must be in a student's IEP under IDEA.

Title: Understanding IEPs Total Number of Slides:  34 PowerPoint Description:  This PowerPoint presentation covers PowerPoint Description: This PowerPoint presentation covers an Overview of the IEP, Required Components of the IEP, Responsibility for IEP Development, Time Frame for Development IEP, Placement Decisions and the IEP, IEP Meetings, and Parent Participation.

Title: The IEP Process Total Number of Slides:  11 PowerPoint Description:  This PowerPoint presentation was created by the State of Utah.  It is a short synopsis of the IEP process.

Title: Recognizing Measurable Objectives Total Number of Slides:  8 PowerPoint Description:  This PowerPoint presentation was created by the State of Utah.  Upon completion, the reader should be able to identify the three parts of a measurable goal and label goals that are and are not measurable.

  INCLUSION

Title:  Effective Co-Teaching Communication Skills Total Number of Slides:  39 PowerPoint Description:  This PowerPoint presentation focuses on what it takes for teachers to collaborate effectively when co-teaching in the classroom.  It addresses: (1) Characteristics of Effective Interpersonal Feedback in Inclusion Classrooms (2) Co-Teaching Communication Conflicts; and (3) Personality Styles that Create Conflict between Co-Teachers.

Title: Step-by-Step to Understanding Inclusion Total Number of Slides:  28 PowerPoint Description:  This PowerPoint presentation takes a step-by-step approach to understanding the necessary components on setting up and teaching in an inclusion classroom.  It covers practical topics, especially regarding communication among various professionals and parents in order to make inclusion work.

Title:   Highly Qualified Teachers Total Number of Slides:  23 PowerPoint Description:   Highly Qualified Teachers is a powerpoint presentation that takes an indepth look at a new element in IDEA: its definition of "highly qualified teacher." State educational agencies (SEAs), local educational agencies (LEAs), parents, and community members have many questions and concerns about the requirements for highly qualified teachers. State and local agencies must develop ways to recruit and retain teachers with those qualifications, as well as encourage existing employees meet the requirements and become highly qualified. Parents and community members want the assurance that their children are receiving instruction from appropriately trained teachers. HQT is seen as integral in helping States to meet their requirements for adequate yearly progress (AYP) under the No Child Left Behind Act and, above all, to improve results for our children with and without disabilities.

INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY

Title: Learners with INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY Total Number of Slides: 45  PowerPoint Description: This PowerPoint presentation provides a general overview of individuals with INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY.  Topic areas covered include:

• Levels of Intensities and Supports
• Degrees of ID
• Causes of ID
• Classroom Management Strategies

  LEARNING DISABILITIES

Title: Early Intervening Services and Response to Intervention Total Number of Slides: 34 PowerPoint Description: Early Intervening Services and Response to Intervention is a great way to learn about and train others on these two new elements in IDEA. Early Intervening Services (EIS) are for K-12 students with academic or behavioral difficulties who are not yet identified as having a disability. Response to Intervention (RTI) is a new approach to identifying whether a student has a specific learning disability.

Title: Eligibility for Specific Learning Disabilities Total Number of Slides:  22 PowerPoint Description: This PowerPoint presentation was created by the State of Utah.  It focuses on the proposed regulations for the definition of a learning disability

Title: Identification of Children with Specific Learning Disabilities Total Number of Slides: 33 PowerPoint Description: Identification of Children with Specific Learning Disabilities looks closely at the process by which schools identify that a children has a specific learning disability (LD).  

Title: Specific Learning Disabilities - An Overview Total Number of Slides:  61 PowerPoint Description: This PowerPoint presentation provides a comprehensive overview of students with learning disabilities.  It addresses: the definition of LD, characteristics of students with learning disabilities, and educational implications of students with learning disabilities.

Title:  Teaching Children with Learning Disa bilities Total Number of Slides:  38 PowerPoint Description:  This PowerPoint presentation presents a detailed description of learning disabilities. Topics covered include: Introduction and Definition under IDEA, Prevalence, Characteristics of Students with LD, and Teaching Strategies for Students with LD.

  LEAST RESTRICTIVE ENVIRONMENT

Title: What is the Least Restrictive Environment Total Number of Slides:  10 PowerPoint Description: This brief PowerPoint presentation explains the concept of the least restrictive environment, as defined by federal law (IDEA).  The majority of slides focus on possible LRE educational placements.  These placements include the general education classroom, resource room, self-contained classroom, separate schools/alternative schools, residential facilities, and hospitals. 

Title: Emotional Disturbance and the Least Restrictive Environment Total Number of Slides:  14 PowerPoint Description: This PowerPoint presentation focuses on the various types of educational placements where students with emotional and behavioral disorders are educated.  These placements include the general education classroom, resource room, self-contained classroom, separate schools/alternative schools, residential facilities, and hospitals.  Each placement is explained along with the associated prevalence rates

Title:  Step-by-Step to Understanding Inclusion Total Number of Slides:  28 PowerPoint Description: This PowerPoint presentation takes a step-by-step approach to understanding the necessary components on setting up and teaching in an inclusion classroom.  It covers practical topics, especially regarding communication among various professionals and parents in order to make inclusion work.

Title: Resource Rooms Total Number of Slides:  38 PowerPoint Description:  This PowerPoint presentation takes a step-by-step approach to understanding the necessary steps to setting up and understanding basic principles of teaching in a resource room.  It covers practical topics including teaching, assessment, measuring objectives, and measuring progress.

PARENTING ISSUES

Title: How to Hold Successful Parent Conferences Total Number of Slides: 18 slides Power Point Description: This presentation will take you through the 3 stages necessary for a successful parent conference. These conferences play a pivotal role in a student’s success in school and allow the teacher and parents to comfortably work together.

Title: Parent Involvement in Special Education Total Number of Slides:  23 PowerPoint Description:  This PowerPoint presentation presents an overview of related services in special education.  When children are identified for special education, various related services are available to them to help meet their needs.  These slides focus on the different types of related services and who is eligible to receive them.

  RELATED SERVICES

Title: Overview of Related Services Total Number of Slides:  23 PowerPoint Description: This PowerPoint presentation presents an overview of related services in special education.  When children are identified for special education, various related services are available to them to help meet their needs.  These slides focus on the different types of related services and who is eligible to receive them.

SPECIAL EDUCATION—AN INTRODUCTION

Title:  Definition of Special Education Total Number of Slides:   11 PowerPoint Description:  This PowerPoint presentation starts with an explanation of the definition of special education under IDEA.  Then, the categories of IDEA are listed for the reader to get an overview of students with disabilities.

Title:  History of Special Education Total Number of Slides:  20 PowerPoint Description:  This PowerPoint presentation covers the history of special education from 1948 to the present.  It starts with a look at how schools denied children with disabilities many rights to an education.  Slides take the reader from Brown v. the Board of Education, the 1960s and civil rights cases, and into the 1970s for our first federal law for children in special education, The Education for All handicapped children’s Act, P.L. 94-142 (later reauthorized in 1990 to IDEA).

Title: Prevalence of Students in Special Education Total Number of Slides:  8 PowerPoint Description: This PowerPoint presentation provides a brief synopsis of the prevalence of students in special education.  It examines the “big 4” disabilities under IDEA, as well as looks at prevalence rates of all disability categories.

Title: Top 10 Basics of Special Education Total Number of Slides:  11 PowerPoint Description:   The Top 10 Basics of Special Education is a powerpoint presentation that welcomes everyone to IDEA. With these training materials, you can learn about and give trainings that include a quick overview to the 10 major steps in special education (three of which are evaluation, eligibility, and writing the IEP).

  SPECIAL EDUCATION PROCESS

Title: Annual Review Description: This slide presentation takes you through the steps required to be fully prepared when attending and presenting at an Annual Review meeting. The presentation will provide you with a list and explanation of the various materials that you will need to bring to this meeting. Number of Slides: 22

Title: Triennial Process Description: This presentation will prepare you for your role in the triennial process. It will inform you of the materials and responsibilities required for special educators and provide you with a practical list to follow so that you will be as prepared as possible. Number of Slides: 11

Title: Eligibility Evaluation Total Number of Slides:  12 PowerPoint Description: This PowerPoint presentation is a 12-silde review of the eligibility procedures and process for students going through the assessment process for a suspected disability

Title: The IEP Process Total Number of Slides:  11 PowerPoint Description: This PowerPoint presentation was created by the State of Utah.  It is a synopsis of the IEP process.

Title: Prior Written Notice for Meetings Total Number of Slides:  13 PowerPoint Description: This PowerPoint presentation was created by the State of Utah.  It is a synopsis of the two distinct types of notice, notice of meetings and prior written notice.  The contents of each and its significance is addressed.

Title: Roles and Responsibilities of the Special Education Teacher Total Number of Slides:   11 PowerPoint Description:   This PowerPoint presentation provides nine different examples of the various roles that a special education teacher can have both in and outside of the school.

Title: Special Education Process—Part I Total Number of Slides:  11 PowerPoint Description: This PowerPoint presentation provides an overview of the first part of the special education process.  It focuses on the identification of a suspected disability, with an emphasis on child study teams and pre-referral strategies.

Title: Special Education Process—Part II Total Number of Slides:  66 PowerPoint Description:  This PowerPoint presentation provides a very detailed description of the steps involved in the special education process.  Once a child is referred for assessment for a suspected disability, there are many steps that are required to take place, as defined by federal law (IDEA).  This presentation takes the reader through the steps of evaluation, diagnosis, committee meetings, and classification of a child for special education services.

  SPECIAL EDUCATION PROGRAMS

Title: Introduction to Resources Room Description: This presentation provides you with an overview of the resource room as a special education program. The presentation covers the roles and responsibilities of the special education teacher in the resource room. Number of Slides: 38

  TRANSITION SERVICES  

Title: Transition Services:  From School to Post-School Activities Total Number of Slides:  35 PowerPoint Description: This PowerPoint was created by the State of Utah.  It describes what constitutes transition services, the different options for students when transitioning from school to post-school activities, and the different types of diplomas students in special education can receive upon being graduated from high school.

Title: Overview of Transition Services Total Number of Slides:  27 PowerPoint Description:  This PowerPoint presentation provides an overview of transition services for students upon graduating high school.  Vocational skills, legal rights, recreational options, post secondary schooling, medical issues and other issues related to transition services are addressed.

  TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY

Title:  Traumatic Brain Injury in the United States Total Number of Slides:   19 Description:   This PowerPoint presentation was created by the Center for Disease Control (CDC) in 2005.  Topics covered include: emergency department visits, hospitalizations, and deaths from various types of traumatic brain injuries.

Title: Understanding Traumatic Brain Injury Total Number of Slides:  25 PowerPoint Description:  This PowerPoint presentation provides an overview of Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI).  Topics covered include:  definition of TBI under IDEA, areas affected by TBI, prevalence of TBI, signs and symptoms of TBI, characteristics of students with TBI, and educational implications of TBI.

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Special Education Major for College: Learning Disabilities

Special education major for college: learning disabilities presentation, free google slides theme, powerpoint template, and canva presentation template.

When teaching, it’s important to know lots of pedagogy and being aware of the different difficulties children might experience as they learn. The sooner teachers identify that a child has problems to read or do math, the sooner special attention will be put into them and the better they will feel. Learn all about learning disabilities, how to recognize them and how to treat them with this creative Google Slides & PPT presentation for education and pedagogy majors.

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Powerpoint Templates and Google slides for Learning Disabilities

Save your time and attract your audience with our fully editable ppt templates and slides..

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What Is a Learning Disability?

Sanjana is a health writer and editor. Her work spans various health-related topics, including mental health, fitness, nutrition, and wellness.

Daniel B. Block, MD, is an award-winning, board-certified psychiatrist who operates a private practice in Pennsylvania.

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Learning disabilities are a group of neurodevelopmental disorders that can significantly hamper a person’s ability to learn new things. As a result, the person may have trouble with tasks such as speaking, reading, writing, paying attention, understanding information, remembering things, performing mathematical calculations, or coordinating movements.

Learning disabilities typically develop at a young age and are often diagnosed during the person’s school years, since the primary focus at school is learning. It is estimated that 8% to 10% of children below the age of 18 in the United States have some type of learning disability.

However, some people are not diagnosed until they attend college or get a job, and others never receive an official diagnosis, so they go through life without knowing why they have so much trouble with academics, work, relationships, and basic day-to-day tasks.

It’s important to understand that people with learning disabilities generally have average to superior intelligence and are often gifted in fields such as science, math, fine arts, and other creative mediums. The person is often bright and intelligent, but there may be a gap between their potential and the skills expected from a person of their age .

Nevertheless, some of the most accomplished and influential people in history have had learning disabilities, including Albert Einstein, Leonardo da Vinci, Thomas Edison, and Winston Churchill.

This article explores the types, causes, symptoms, and treatment of learning disabilities.

Types of Learning Disabilities

“Learning disability” is an umbrella term that encompasses many types of specific learning disorders, including:

• Dyslexia: Dyslexia is the most common learning disability, accounting for 80% of all learning disability cases. It is a language processing disorder characterized by difficulty with speaking, reading, writing, or understanding words. This can cause the person's vocabulary to develop at a slower pace and lead to issues with grammar, reading comprehension, and other language skills.
• Dysgraphia: People with dysgraphia may have difficulty putting their thoughts into writing due to issues with vocabulary, spelling, grammar, memory, and critical thinking. This condition is characterized by poor handwriting, as the person may struggle with letter spacing, spatial awareness, and motor planning. Dysgraphia can make it hard for the person to think and write simultaneously.
• Dyscalculia: Sometimes known as “math dyslexia,” this condition includes learning disorders related to mathematics, such as difficulty with numbers, concepts, and reasoning. People with dyscalculia may struggle to count money, read clocks and tell time, perform mental math calculations, identify number patterns, and apply mathematical formulae.
• Auditory processing disorder (APD): People with APD may have difficulty processing sounds because their brain misinterprets auditory information received by the ear. As a result, they may confuse the order of sounds in certain words, or they may not be able to distinguish between sounds such as the teacher’s voice and the background noise in the classroom.
• Language processing disorder (LPD): This is a subset of APD, characterized by difficulties with processing spoken language . The person may have difficulty attaching meaning to sound groups representing words, sentences, and stories.
• Nonverbal learning disabilities (NVLD): NVLD is characterized by difficulty interpreting nonverbal cues such as facial expressions, body language, tone of voice, and other nonverbal signals.
• Visual perceptual/visual motor deficit: People with this condition may have difficulty with hand-eye coordination and motor activities. They may frequently lose their spot while reading, demonstrate unusual eye movements while reading or writing, confuse similar-looking letters, have difficulty navigating their environment, and struggle to manage items like pens, pencils, crayons, glue, and scissors.

Symptoms of Learning Disabilities

These are some of the symptoms of learning disabilities:

• Poor memory
• Difficulty focusing
• Short attention span
• Difficulty with reading or writing
• Inability to distinguish between sounds, letters, or numbers
• Difficulty sounding out words
• Tendency to put numbers or letters in the wrong sequence
• Difficulty telling time
• Confusion between right and left
• Tendency to reverse letters
• Difficulty grasping certain words and concepts
• Disconnect between words and meaning (i.e.. saying one thing but meaning another)
• Difficulty expressing thoughts and emotions
• Poor hand-eye coordination
• Delayed speech development 
• Disorganization
• Trouble with listening and following instructions
• Inappropriate responses
• Restlessness and impulsiveness
• Tendency to act out
• Difficulty with discipline
• Resistance to change 
• Inconsistent performance on a daily or weekly basis

While all children struggle with some of these things from time to time during their school years, people with learning disabilities tend to have a cluster of these symptoms that persist even as they get older.

According to the National Institute for Learning Development (NILD), frustration is a hallmark of this condition, since people with learning disabilities often excel at some things but do very poorly in other areas, and are often acutely aware of the gaps between what they can and cannot do.

The NILD notes that people with learning disabilities often find themselves failing in certain academic or professional areas due to reasons beyond their control, or having to put in tremendous amounts of effort in order to succeed. This experience can be difficult, confusing, and demotivating, often causing the person to feel sad and disappointed.

Causes of Learning Disabilities

Learning disabilities are caused by differences in the neurological functioning of the person’s brain. These differences can occur before the person is born, during their birth, or in early childhood, and may be caused by factors such as:

• Maternal illness during pregnancy
• Birth complications that block the flow of oxygen to the baby’s brain
• Certain genes that can make the person more genetically predisposed to developing a learning disability
• Injury or illness, such as meningitis, in early childhood 
• Health conditions such as cerebral palsy and Down’s syndrome often involve some extent of learning disability

However, it’s important to note that learning disabilities should not be mistaken for learning problems that arise due to other factors such as:

• Visual, hearing, verbal, or motor handicaps
• Intellectual disability
• Emotional disturbances
• Economic , cultural, or environmental disadvantages

Diagnosing Learning Disabilities

A healthcare professional can diagnose learning disabilities. The diagnostic process might involve:

• Academic testing: The healthcare provider may administer a standardized achievement test that checks the person’s reading, writing, and arithmetic skills, as well as an intelligence quotient (IQ) test . If the person performs well on the IQ test but has a lower score on the achievement test, it could indicate that they have a learning disability.
• Performance review: The healthcare provider may review and evaluate the person’s academic, professional, social, and developmental performance.
• Medical history: The healthcare provider will likely ask questions about the person’s personal and family medical history.
• Physical and neurological exam: The healthcare provider may conduct a physical and neurological exam to check for other health conditions such as brain diseases, mental health conditions, and developmental and intellectual disabilities .

Every learning disability has different symptoms and everyone’s experience of the condition is unique as they may experience differences in the frequency and intensity of their symptoms.

Some people may have a single, isolated learning difficulty that doesn’t have a severe impact on their day-to-day life; whereas others may have several learning disabilities that overlap with each other and make it difficult for them to function without support.

Treating Learning Disabilities

Learning disabilities are lifelong conditions that cannot be fixed or cured; however, with timely diagnosis, treatment, and support, people with learning disabilities can be successful at school, work, and among their community.

Treatment for learning disabilities may involve:

• Special education: Children with learning disabilities may benefit from education by specially trained teachers who perform a comprehensive evaluation of the child’s abilities and then help the child build on their strengths while compensating for their disabilities. 
• Medication: Some people may need to take medication to improve their ability to focus and concentrate.
• Therapy: Psychotherapy can help people with learning disabilities deal with emotional issues and develop coping skills.
• Other interventions: People with learning disabilities may also benefit from other interventions such as speech and language therapy.
• Support groups: People with learning disabilities as well as parents of children with learning disabilities may benefit from support group meetings that help them connect with others who have similar experiences. Learning difficulties can often lead to tension, misunderstandings, and conflicts among the family, particularly among families where the condition is hereditary.

A Word From Verywell

Every human being is equipped with a unique set of strengths and weaknesses. All of us are able to do some things effortlessly but struggle in other areas. 

It’s important to recognize that while people with learning disabilities have some challenges with learning, they are not in any way inferior to anyone else . Special education, treatment, support, kindness, and patience can help them achieve success.

Vidyadharan V, Tharayil HM. Learning disorder or learning disability: Time to rethink . Indian J Psychol Med . 2019;41(3):276-278. doi:10.4103/IJPSYM.IJPSYM_371_18

National Institute for Learning Development. What is a learning disability?

National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke. Learning disabilities .

Learning Difficulties Association of America. Types of learning disabilities .

Walden University. 7 learning disabilities every psychology professional should study .

Kohli A, Sharma S, Padhy SK. Specific learning disabilities: Issues that remain unanswered . Indian J Psychol Med . 2018;40(5):399-405. doi:10.4103/IJPSYM.IJPSYM_86_18

Learning Difficulties Association of America. Symptoms of learning disabilities .

American Academy of Pediatricians. Diagnosing a learning disability .

National Health Service. Learning disabilities .

National Institute of Child Health and Human Development. How are learning disabilities diagnosed?

National Institute of Child Health and Human Development. What are some signs of learning disabilities?

By Sanjana Gupta Sanjana is a health writer and editor. Her work spans various health-related topics, including mental health, fitness, nutrition, and wellness.

Teaching Children with Learning Disabilities

Oct 25, 2011

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Teaching Children with Learning Disabilities. NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF SPECIAL EDUCATION TEACHERS. LEARNING DISABILITIES. Examples I. Introduction and Definition under IDEA A. Information Processing Disorder B. Difficulties in Learning C. Exclusionary Rule

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Presentation Transcript

Teaching Children with Learning Disabilities NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF SPECIAL EDUCATION TEACHERS

LEARNING DISABILITIES Examples I. Introduction and Definition under IDEA A. Information Processing Disorder B. Difficulties in Learning C. Exclusionary Rule D. Discrepancy Controversy • II. Prevalence • III. Characteristics of Students with LD • IV. Teaching Strategies for Students with LD

I.Introduction to LD • The term learning disabilities was only founded in 1963 by Samuel Kirk. At that time, children with LD were referred to by such terms as: • “perceptually handicapped,” • “brain-injured,” and • “neurologically impaired” • were served in classrooms for students with MR or in most cases, were not receiving any specialized services in the public schools.

Definition of a Learning Disability under IDEA • LEARNING DISABILITY: (1) a disorder in theprocessing of information involved in understanding and using language (spoken or written) (2)Difficulties in learning,particularly reading, writing, mathematics, and/or spelling (3) Theproblem isnot primarily due to other causes (4)Special educational services neededto succeed in school **Severe discrepancy between potential and achievement

1. Disorder in the Processing of Information • First, having a learning disability means that the brain "processes" information differently than most other students. • Simply stated, certain kinds of information get stuck or lost while traveling through the brain of the student with LD.

1. Disorder in the Processing of Information Information processing refers to how your brain: • Takes in information, • Uses information, • Stores the information in memory, • Retrieves the information from memory, • and Expresses the information

1. Disorder in the Processing of Information • Students with LD struggle with certain kinds of learning because their brains have difficulty "processing" certain kinds of information. • It is like when you go on a car trip and get stuck in road construction and need to take a detour. It takes you a lot longer to get where you are going. Its the same with information going through the brain of a student with LD.

1. Disorder in the Processing of Information • Different kinds of information travel through different parts of the brain. That's why some information is learned quickly and easily while other information is much more difficult.

1. Visual Processing • Visual Processing involves how well a student can use visual information. When he sees something, especially something complex, • e.g., does he understand it quickly and easily? Can he "visualize" things (like pictures, shapes, words, etc.) in his head? Can he remember information that he sees?

Read this Story Mhat I bib last snwwer Wy frieub Roddie donght a bop frow the det shod for $148.His darents pave hiw the wouey pnt saip that he wonlp have to day half to thew over the snwwer dy poinp sbecial chores aronud the yarp.He fipnreb he conlp rebay his dareuts L4 bollars. Later that pay, I cawe over to share sih exciteweut.With the bop’s pip ears aup mappinb tail, we blayeb all bay.Roddie chose a dlne collar for hiw.The E of ns bassep onr snwwer pays dike ripinp, hikiup, and blayinp pall.

Answer these Questions • Mhat bib Roddie duy frow the det shod? • Mhat color bib Roddie choose for the bop’s collar? • Hom wnch wouey bib Roddie fipnre he conlp rebay his dareuts?

What I did last summer • My friend Robbie bought a dog from the pet shop for $148. • His parents gave him the money but said that he would have to pay half to them over the summer by doing special chores around the yard. • He figured he could repay his parents 74 dollars. • Later that day, I came over to share his excitement. • With the dog’s big ears and wagging tail, we played all day. • Robbie chose a blue collar for him. • The 3 of us passed our summer days bike riding, hiking, and playing ball.

Answers to What I Did Last Summer • What did Robbie buy from the pet shop?A dog • What color did Robbie choose for the dog’s collar?Blue • How much money did Robbie figure he could repay his parents?74 dollars

1. Auditory Processing Auditory Processing-involves how well a student can use auditory information. • When he hears something, especially something detailed, does he understand it quickly and easily? Can he “hear" things (like sounds, numbers, words, etc.) in his head? Can he remember information that he hears?

1. Processing Speed • Processing Speed refers to how fast information travels through the brain. • All LD students experience some processing speed difficulty when required to process information through their weakest processing "channel" or "modality". • It is like having the brain work at 30 miles per hour when the rest of the world (and all the information) is going 55 miles per hour. Such students just can't keep up.

1. Processing Speed • Who was the first President of the United States? • Who = a question • Was = Past tense • First = #1 • President of United States-Leader of Nation

2. Difficulties in Learning Dyslexia-Severe difficulty learning to read Dysgraphia- Severe difficulty learning to write Dyscalculia- Severe difficulty learning to do mathematical concepts and computation Dysorthographia- Severe difficulty learning to spell

p d b q Object Orientation and Object Identification

M W E 3 Object Orientation and Object Identification

Famous People with LD • Whoopi Goldberg • Tom Cruise • Henry Winkler • George Patton • Winston Churchill • Bruce Jenner • Nelson Rockefeller

Visual Disability Hearing Disability Motor Disability Mental Retardation Emotional Disturbance Emotional, Cultural or Economic Disadvantage 3. Problem is NOT Primarily Due to Other Causes

4. Special Educational Services Needed to Succeed in School It is possible for a student to "technically" have a disability but not to "qualify" for special education services. This happens when a student demonstrates the information processing difficulties associated with a LD but his or her academic skills are not found to be "severely discrepant" from their ability. This may indicate that the student has learned how to "cope" with his/her learning difficulties at least to some extent.

**Severe Discrepancy Between Potential and Achievement • Look for a discrepancy between potential and achievement ( Not “mandated” under reauthorization of IDEA but can still be used) • There is no one sign that shows a person has a learning disability.

II. Prevalence • Almost 3 million children (ages 6 through 21) have some form of a learning disability and receive special education in school. • LD form the largest category in special education.

II. Prevalence • In fact, approximately 50% of all children who receive special educationhave alearning disability • 3:1 ratio males to females

may have trouble learning the alphabet, or connecting letters to their sounds; may make many mistakes when reading aloud, and repeat and pause often; may not understand what he or she reads; may have real trouble with spelling; may confuse math symbols and misread numbers; III. Characteristics

may have very messy handwriting or hold a pencil awkwardly; may struggle to express ideas in writing; may learn language late and have a limited vocabulary; may not follow the social rules of conversation, such as taking turns, and may stand too close to the listener; III. Characteristics

may have trouble remembering the sounds that letters make or hearing slight differences between words; may have trouble following directions; may not be able to retell a story in order (what happened first, second, third) may mispronounce words or use a wrong word that sounds similar; may have trouble organizing what he or she wants to say or not be able to think of the word he or she needs for writing or conversation; III. Characteristics

IV. Teaching Strategies • Provide high structure and clear expectations. Children who are LD tend to have difficulty focusing, getting started and setting priorities. Creating a clear structured program allows the student to be exposed to fewer distractions and possible avoidance and allow for greater focus on work related tasks.

IV. Teaching Strategies • Allow flexibility in classroom procedures (e.g., allowing the use of tape recorders for note taking and test-taking when students have trouble with written language). Keep in mind that the greater the number of options in responding to a task, the greater chance that a particular student’s learning style will be useful and successful.

IV. Teaching Strategies • Learning materials should easily accessible, well organized and stored in the same place each day. The less the LD student has to worry about, comprehend or remember, the greater chance for success. Too many details can easily overwhelm this type of student.

IV. Teaching Strategies • All assignments should be presented on the blackboard as well as orally presented. This multilevel sensory approach will only enhance the chances of the child being able to bring home the correct assignment. This will also cut down on parent child frustration which often occurs when the child with learning disabilities brings home part of the assignment or and assumption of what needs to be done due to a lack of ability in copying quickly.

IV. Teaching Strategies • Make sure that the child's desk is free from all unnecessary materials. Children with learning disabilities tend to have organizational problems as well. The less chaos, the better the focus. Use small binders that hold fewer papers. Keep the desk free of most materials. Otherwise he may be embarrassed to get up to go to the pail and stuff it in his desk.

IV. Teaching Strategies • Correct the student's work as soon as possible to allow for immediate gratification and feedback. Students with learning disabilities do not often have foundations of success when it comes to schoolwork. Therefore, when they hand in work they begin to worry about how they did. If they do not receive it back quickly, some children may use a great deal of energy worrying about the reactions of others if they did not do well.

IV. Teaching Strategies • Try to separate him from students who may be distracting. Some children with learning disabilities are very distractible, while others may use any external situation to avoid a potential failure situation. Sitting a child with learning disabilities next to students who are self-motivated and internally controlled will provide extra structure and controls.

IV. Teaching Strategies • Use multi-sensory teaching methods whenever possible. This is a common sense issue since all the research indicates that the greater number of sense utilized to learn something, the greater chance for the information to be understood and retained. Using visual, auditory, kinesthetic or tactile input together is highly recommended for children with learning disabilities.

IV. Teaching Strategies • Respond to the child’s comments praising whenever possible. Many children with learning disabilities tend to have secondary emotional issues as a result of frustration and lower sense of self worth due to academic failure and stress. Consequently, when he responds or initiates conversation, praise for the initiation of communication should be praised.

IV. Teaching Strategies • Give constant feedback. Many children with learning disabilities tend to write negative scripts about their ability and their performance. Feedback in any form reduces this negative energy pattern and offers reality, the only thing that breaks down fear.

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