python two assignments in one line

Multiple assignment in Python: Assign multiple values or the same value to multiple variables

In Python, the = operator is used to assign values to variables.

You can assign values to multiple variables in one line.

Assign multiple values to multiple variables

Assign the same value to multiple variables.

You can assign multiple values to multiple variables by separating them with commas , .

You can assign values to more than three variables, and it is also possible to assign values of different data types to those variables.

When only one variable is on the left side, values on the right side are assigned as a tuple to that variable.

If the number of variables on the left does not match the number of values on the right, a ValueError occurs. You can assign the remaining values as a list by prefixing the variable name with * .

For more information on using * and assigning elements of a tuple and list to multiple variables, see the following article.

• Unpack a tuple and list in Python

You can also swap the values of multiple variables in the same way. See the following article for details:

• Swap values ​​in a list or values of variables in Python

You can assign the same value to multiple variables by using = consecutively.

For example, this is useful when initializing multiple variables with the same value.

After assigning the same value, you can assign a different value to one of these variables. As described later, be cautious when assigning mutable objects such as list and dict .

You can apply the same method when assigning the same value to three or more variables.

Be careful when assigning mutable objects such as list and dict .

If you use = consecutively, the same object is assigned to all variables. Therefore, if you change the value of an element or add a new element in one variable, the changes will be reflected in the others as well.

If you want to handle mutable objects separately, you need to assign them individually.

after c = []; d = [] , c and d are guaranteed to refer to two different, unique, newly created empty lists. (Note that c = d = [] assigns the same object to both c and d .) 3. Data model — Python 3.11.3 documentation

You can also use copy() or deepcopy() from the copy module to make shallow and deep copies. See the following article.

• Shallow and deep copy in Python: copy(), deepcopy()

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Assigning multiple variables in one statement

In an assignment using the ' = ' operator the right hand side expression is evaluated first. This provides a convenient way to swap the values of two variables using tuples:

Here, the righthand side is packed into a tuple object, which is then unpacked into the variables assigned on the lefthand side. This is a more convenient than using a temporary variable:

Multiple Assignment Syntax in Python

• python-tricks

The multiple assignment syntax, often referred to as tuple unpacking or extended unpacking, is a powerful feature in Python. There are several ways to assign multiple values to variables at once.

Let's start with a first example that uses extended unpacking . This syntax is used to assign values from an iterable (in this case, a string) to multiple variables:

a : This variable will be assigned the first element of the iterable, which is 'D' in the case of the string 'Devlabs'.

*b : The asterisk (*) before b is used to collect the remaining elements of the iterable (the middle characters in the string 'Devlabs') into a list: ['e', 'v', 'l', 'a', 'b']

c : This variable will be assigned the last element of the iterable: 's'.

The multiple assignment syntax can also be used for numerous other tasks:

Swapping Values

This swaps the values of variables a and b without needing a temporary variable.

Splitting a List

first will be 1, and rest will be a list containing [2, 3, 4, 5] .

Assigning Multiple Values from a Function

This assigns the values returned by get_values() to x, y, and z.

Ignoring Values

Here, you're ignoring the first value with an underscore _ and assigning "Hello" to the important_value . In Python, the underscore is commonly used as a convention to indicate that a variable is being intentionally ignored or is a placeholder for a value that you don't intend to use.

Unpacking Nested Structures

This unpacks a nested structure (Tuple in this example) into separate variables. We can use similar syntax also for Dictionaries:

In this case, we first extract the 'person' dictionary from data, and then we use multiple assignment to further extract values from the nested dictionaries, making the code more concise.

Extended Unpacking with Slicing

first will be 1, middle will be a list containing [2, 3, 4], and last will be 5.

Split a String into a List

*split, is used for iterable unpacking. The asterisk (*) collects the remaining elements into a list variable named split . In this case, it collects all the characters from the string.

The comma , after *split is used to indicate that it's a single-element tuple assignment. It's a syntax requirement to ensure that split becomes a list containing the characters.

Mastering Multiple Variable Assignment in Python

Python's ability to assign multiple variables in a single line is a feature that exemplifies the language's emphasis on readability and efficiency. In this detailed blog post, we'll explore the nuances of assigning multiple variables in Python, a technique that not only simplifies code but also enhances its readability and maintainability.

Introduction to Multiple Variable Assignment

Python allows the assignment of multiple variables simultaneously. This feature is not only a syntactic sugar but a powerful tool that can make your code more Pythonic.

What is Multiple Variable Assignment?

• Simultaneous Assignment : Python enables the initialization of several variables in a single line, thereby reducing the number of lines of code and making it more readable.
• Versatility : This feature can be used with various data types and is particularly useful for unpacking sequences.

Basic Multiple Variable Assignment

The simplest form of multiple variable assignment in Python involves assigning single values to multiple variables in one line.

Syntax and Examples

Parallel Assignment : Assign values to several variables in parallel.

• Clarity and Brevity : This form of assignment is clear and concise.
• Efficiency : Reduces the need for multiple lines when initializing several variables.

Unpacking Sequences into Variables

Python takes multiple variable assignment a step further with unpacking, allowing the assignment of sequences to individual variables.

Unpacking Lists and Tuples

Direct Unpacking : If you have a list or tuple, you can unpack its elements into individual variables.

Unpacking Strings

Character Assignment : You can also unpack strings into variables with each character assigned to one variable.

Using Underscore for Unwanted Values

When unpacking, you may not always need all the values. Python allows the use of the underscore ( _ ) as a placeholder for unwanted values.

Ignoring Unnecessary Values

Discarding Values : Use _ for values you don't intend to use.

Swapping Variables Efficiently

Multiple variable assignment can be used for an elegant and efficient way to swap the values of two variables.

Swapping Variables

No Temporary Variable Needed : Swap values without the need for an additional temporary variable.

Advanced Unpacking Techniques

Python provides even more advanced ways to handle multiple variable assignments, especially useful with longer sequences.

Extended Unpacking

Using Asterisk ( * ): Python 3 introduced a syntax for extended unpacking where you can use * to collect multiple values.

Best Practices and Common Pitfalls

While multiple variable assignment is a powerful feature, it should be used judiciously.

• Readability : Ensure that your use of multiple variable assignments enhances, rather than detracts from, readability.
• Matching Lengths : Be cautious of the sequence length. The number of elements must match the number of variables being assigned.

Multiple variable assignment in Python is a testament to the language’s design philosophy of simplicity and elegance. By understanding and effectively utilizing this feature, you can write more concise, readable, and Pythonic code. Whether unpacking sequences or swapping values, multiple variable assignment is a technique that can significantly improve the efficiency of your Python programming.

Python Tutorial

File handling, python modules, python numpy, python pandas, python matplotlib, python scipy, machine learning, python mysql, python mongodb, python reference, module reference, python how to, python examples, python assign values to multiple variables, assign value to multiple variables.

Python allows you to assign values to multiple variables in one line:

And you can assign the same value to multiple variables in one line:

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How to use python if else in one line with examples

Deepak Prasad

December 31, 2023

Python Ternary Operator , Python

How do I write a simple python if else in one line? What are ternary operator in Python? Can we use one liner for complex if and else statements?

In this tutorial I will share different examples to help you understand and learn about usage of ternary operator in one liner if and else condition with Python. Conditional expressions (sometimes called a “ ternary operator ”) have the lowest priority of all Python operations. Programmers coming to Python from C, C++, or Perl sometimes miss the so-called ternary operator ?:. It’s most often used for avoiding a few lines of code and a temporary variable for simple decisions.

I will not go into details of generic ternary operator as this is used across Python for loops and control flow statements. Here we will concentrate on learning python if else in one line using ternary operator

Python if else in one line

The general syntax of single if and else statement in Python is:

Now if we wish to write this in one line using ternary operator, the syntax would be:

In this syntax, first of all the else condition is evaluated.

• If condition returns True then value_when_true is returned
• If condition returns False then value_when_false is returned

Similarly if you had a variable assigned in the general if else block based on the condition

The same can be written in single line:

Here as well, first of all the condition is evaluated.

• if condition returns True then true-expr is assigned to value object
• if condition returns False then false-expr is assigned to value object

For simple cases like this, I find it very nice to be able to express that logic in one line instead of four. Remember, as a coder, you spend much more time reading code than writing it, so Python's conciseness is invaluable.

Some important points to remember:

• You can use a ternary expression in Python, but only for expressions , not for statements
• You cannot use Python if..elif..else block in one line.
• The name " ternary " means there are just 3 parts to the operator: condition , then , and else .
• Although there are hacks to modify if..elif..else block into if..else block and then use it in single line but that can be complex depending upon conditions and should be avoided
• With if-else blocks , only one of the expressions will be executed.
• While it may be tempting to always use ternary expressions to condense your code, realise that you may sacrifice readability if the condition as well as the true and false expressions are very complex.

Python Script Example

This is a simple script where we use comparison operator in our if condition

• First collect user input in the form of integer and store this value into b
• If b is greater than or equal to 0 then return " positive " which will be True condition
• If b returns False i.e. above condition was not success then return " negative "
• The final returned value i.e. either " positive " or " negative " is stored in object a
• Lastly print the value of value a

The multi-line form of this code would be:

Python if..elif..else in one line

Now as I told this earlier, it is not possible to use if..elif..else block in one line using ternary expressions. Although we can hack our way into this but make sure the maximum allowed length of a line in Python is 79 as per PEP-8 Guidelines

We have this if..elif..else block where we return expression based on the condition check:

We can write this if..elif..else block in one-line using this syntax:

In this syntax,

• First of all condition2 is evaluated, if return True then expr2 is returned
• If condition2 returns False then condition1 is evaluated, if return True then expr1 is returned
• If condition1 also returns False then else is executed and expr is returned

As you see, it was easier if we read this in multi-line if..elif..else block while the same becomes hard to understand for beginners.

We can add multiple if else block in this syntax, but we must also adhere to PEP-8 guidelines

Python Script Example-1

In this sample script we collect an integer value from end user and store it in " b ". The order of execution would be:

• If the value of b is less than 0 then " neg " is returned
• If the value of b is greater than 0 then " pos " is returned.
• If both the condition return False , then " zero " is returned

The multi-line form of the code would be:

Output(when if condition is True )

Output(when if condition is False and elif condition is True )

Output(when both if and elif condition are False )

Python script Example-2

We will add some more else blocks in this sample script, the order of the check would be in below sequence :

• Collect user input for value b which will be converted to integer type
• If value of b is equal to 100 then return " equal to 100 ", If this returns False then next if else condition would be executed
• If value of b is equal to 50 then return " equal to 50 ", If this returns False then next if else condition would be executed
• If value of b is equal to 40 then return " equal to 40 ", If this returns False then next if else condition would be executed
• If value of b is greater than 100 then return " greater than 100 ", If this returns False then next go to else block
• Lastly if all the condition return False then return " less than hundred "

The multi-line form of this example would be:

Python nested if..else in one line

We can also use ternary expression to define nested if..else block on one line with Python.

If you have a multi-line code using nested if else block , something like this:

The one line syntax to use this nested if else block in Python would be:

Here, we have added nested if..elif..else inside the else block using ternary expression. The sequence of the check in the following order

• If condition1 returns True then expr1 is returned, if it returns False then next condition is checked
• If condition-m returns True then expr-m is returned, if it returns False then else block with nested if..elif..else is checked
• If condition3 returns True then expr3 is returned, if it returns False then next condition inside the nested block is returned
• If condition-n returns True then expr-n is returned, if it returns False then expr5 is returned from the else condition

In this example I am using nested if else inside the else block of our one liner. The order of execution will be in the provided sequence:

• First of all collect integer value of b from the end user
• If the value of b is equal to 100 then the if condition returns True and " equal to 100 " is returned
• If the value of b is equal to 50 then the elif condition returns True and " equal to 50 " is returned
• If both if and elif condition returns False then the else block is executed where we have nested if and else condition
• Inside the else block , if b is greater than 100 then it returns " greater than 100 " and if it returns False then " less than 100 " is returned

In this tutorial we learned about usage of ternary operator in if else statement to be able to use it in one line. Although Python does not allow if..elif..else statement in one line but we can still break it into if else and then use it in single line form. Similarly we can also use nested if with ternary operator in single line. I shared multiple examples to help you understand the concept of ternary operator with if and else statement of Python programming language

Lastly I hope this tutorial guide on python if else one line was helpful. So, let me know your suggestions and feedback using the comment section.

He is the founder of GoLinuxCloud and brings over a decade of expertise in Linux, Python, Go, Laravel, DevOps, Kubernetes, Git, Shell scripting, OpenShift, AWS, Networking, and Security. With extensive experience, he excels in various domains, from development to DevOps, Networking, and Security, ensuring robust and efficient solutions for diverse projects. You can reach out to him on his LinkedIn profile or join on Facebook page.

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How to Write the Python if Statement in one Line

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Have you ever heard of writing a Python if statement in a single line? Here, we explore multiple ways to do exactly that, including using conditional expressions in Python.

The if statement is one of the most fundamental statements in Python. In this article, we learn how to write the Python if in one line.

The if is a key piece in writing Python code. It allows developers to control the flow and logic of their code based on information received at runtime. However, many Python developers do not know they may reduce the length and complexity of their if statements by writing them in a single line.

For this article, we assume you’re somewhat familiar with Python conditions and comparisons. If not, don’t worry! Our Python Basics Course will get you up to speed in no time. This course is included in the Python Basics Track , a full-fledged Python learning track designed for complete beginners.

We start with a recap on how Python if statements work. Then, we explore some examples of how to write if statements in a single line. Let’s get started!

How the if Statement Works in Python

Let’s start with the basics. An if statement in Python is used to determine whether a condition is True or False . This information can then be used to perform specific actions in the code, essentially controlling its logic during execution.

The structure of the basic if statement is as follows:

The <expression> is the code that evaluates to either True or False . If this code evaluates to True, then the code below (represented by <perform_action> ) executes.

Python uses whitespaces to indicate which lines are controlled by the if statement. The if statement controls all indented lines below it. Typically, the indentation is set to four spaces (read this post if you’re having trouble with the indentation ).

As a simple example, the code below prints a message if and only if the current weather is sunny:

The if statement in Python has two optional components: the elif statement, which executes only if the preceding if/elif statements are False ; and the else statement, which executes only if all of the preceding if/elif statements are False. While we may have as many elif statements as we want, we may only have a single else statement at the very end of the code block.

Here’s the basic structure:

Here’s how our previous example looks after adding elif and else statements. Change the value of the weather variable to see a different message printed:

How to Write a Python if in one Line

Writing an if statement in Python (along with the optional elif and else statements) uses a lot of whitespaces. Some people may find it confusing or tiresome to follow each statement and its corresponding indented lines.

To overcome this, there is a trick many Python developers often overlook: write an if statement in a single line !

Though not the standard, Python does allow us to write an if statement and its associated action in the same line. Here’s the basic structure:

As you can see, not much has changed. We simply need to “pull” the indented line <perform_action> up to the right of the colon character ( : ). It’s that simple!

Let’s check it with a real example. The code below works as it did previously despite the if statement being in a single line. Test it out and see for yourself:

Writing a Python if Statement With Multiple Actions in one Line

That’s all well and good, but what if my if statement has multiple actions under its control? When using the standard indentation, we separate different actions in multiple indented lines as the structure below shows:

Can we do this in a single line? The surprising answer is yes! We use semicolons to separate each action in the same line as if placed in different lines.

Here’s how the structure looks:

And an example of this functionality:

Have you noticed how each call to the print() function appears in its own line? This indicates we have successfully executed multiple actions from a single line. Nice!

By the way, interested in learning more about the print() function? We have an article on the ins and outs of the print() function .

Writing a Full Python if/elif/else Block Using Single Lines

You may have seen this coming, but we can even write elif and else statements each in a single line. To do so, we use the same syntax as writing an if statement in a single line.

Here’s the general structure:

Looks simple, right? Depending on the content of your expressions and actions, you may find this structure easier to read and understand compared to the indented blocks.

Here’s our previous example of a full if/elif/else block, rewritten as single lines:

Using Python Conditional Expressions to Write an if/else Block in one Line

There’s still a final trick to writing a Python if in one line. Conditional expressions in Python (also known as Python ternary operators) can run an if/else block in a single line.

A conditional expression is even more compact! Remember it took at least two lines to write a block containing both if and else statements in our last example.

In contrast, here’s how a conditional expression is structured:

The syntax is somewhat harder to follow at first, but the basic idea is that <expression> is a test. If the test evaluates to True , then <value_if_true> is the result. Otherwise, the expression results in <value_if_false> .

As you can see, conditional expressions always evaluate to a single value in the end. They are not complete replacements for an if/elif/else block. In fact, we cannot have elif statements in them at all. However, they’re most helpful when determining a single value depending on a single condition.

Take a look at the code below, which determines the value of is_baby depending on whether or not the age is below five:

This is the exact use case for a conditional expression! Here’s how we rewrite this if/else block in a single line:

Much simpler!

Go Even Further With Python!

We hope you now know many ways to write a Python if in one line. We’ve reached the end of the article, but don’t stop practicing now!

If you do not know where to go next, read this post on how to get beyond the basics in Python . If you’d rather get technical, we have a post on the best code editors and IDEs for Python . Remember to keep improving!

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For instance, in C we can do something like this: 

One solution is to use raw_input() two times. 

Another solution is to use split()  

Note that we don’t have to explicitly specify split(‘ ‘) because split() uses any whitespace characters as a delimiter as default. One thing to note in the above Python code is, both x and y would be of string. We can convert them to int using another line

Below is complete one line code to read two integer variables from standard input using split and list comprehension  

Instead of using the input function to read a line of input from the user and then processing the line to extract the values, you can use the sys.stdin.readline function to read a line of input and then use the split method and a list comprehension to extract and convert the values to the desired type.

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Python One Line Conditional Assignment

Problem : How to perform one-line if conditional assignments in Python?

Example : Say, you start with the following code.

You want to set the value of x to 42 if boo is True , and do nothing otherwise.

Let’s dive into the different ways to accomplish this in Python. We start with an overview:

Exercise : Run the code. Are all outputs the same?

Next, you’ll dive into each of those methods and boost your one-liner superpower !

Method 1: Ternary Operator

The most basic ternary operator x if c else y returns expression x if the Boolean expression c evaluates to True . Otherwise, if the expression c evaluates to False , the ternary operator returns the alternative expression y .

Let’s go back to our example problem! You want to set the value of x to 42 if boo is True , and do nothing otherwise. Here’s how to do this in a single line:

While using the ternary operator works, you may wonder whether it’s possible to avoid the ...else x part for clarity of the code? In the next method, you’ll learn how!

If you need to improve your understanding of the ternary operator, watch the following video:

You can also read the related article:

• Python One Line Ternary

Method 2: Single-Line If Statement

Like in the previous method, you want to set the value of x to 42 if boo is True , and do nothing otherwise. But you don’t want to have a redundant else branch. How to do this in Python?

The solution to skip the else part of the ternary operator is surprisingly simple— use a standard if statement without else branch and write it into a single line of code :

To learn more about what you can pack into a single line, watch my tutorial video “If-Then-Else in One Line Python” :

Method 3: Ternary Tuple Syntax Hack

A shorthand form of the ternary operator is the following tuple syntax .

Syntax : You can use the tuple syntax (x, y)[c] consisting of a tuple (x, y) and a condition c enclosed in a square bracket. Here’s a more intuitive way to represent this tuple syntax.

In fact, the order of the <OnFalse> and <OnTrue> operands is just flipped when compared to the basic ternary operator. First, you have the branch that’s returned if the condition does NOT hold. Second, you run the branch that’s returned if the condition holds.

Clever! The condition boo holds so the return value passed into the x variable is the <OnTrue> branch 42 .

Don’t worry if this confuses you—you’re not alone. You can clarify the tuple syntax once and for all by studying my detailed blog article.

Related Article : Python Ternary — Tuple Syntax Hack

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You’ll also learn how to:

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By the end of the book, you’ll know how to write Python at its most refined , and create concise, beautiful pieces of “Python art” in merely a single line.

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