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Research Design Qualitative, Quantitative, And Mixed Methods Approaches ( 4th Ed.)

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Creswell, J. W. (2014). Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative and Mixed Methods Approaches (4th ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage

The book Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative and Mixed Methods Approaches by Creswell (2014) covers three approaches-qualitative, quantitative and mixed methods. This educational book is informative and illustrative and is equally beneficial for students, teachers and researchers. Readers should have basic knowledge of research for better understanding of this book. There are two parts of the book. Part 1 (chapter 1-4) consists of steps for developing research proposal and part II (chapter 5-10) explains how to develop a research proposal or write a research report. A summary is given at the end of every chapter that helps the reader to recapitulate the ideas. Moreover, writing exercises and suggested readings at the end of every chapter are useful for the readers. Chapter 1 opens with-definition of research approaches and the author gives his opinion that selection of a research approach is based on the nature of the research problem, researchers' experience and the audience of the study. The author defines qualitative, quantitative and mixed methods research. A distinction is made between quantitative and qualitative research approaches. The author believes that interest in qualitative research increased in the latter half of the 20th century. The worldviews, Fraenkel, Wallen and Hyun (2012) and Onwuegbuzie and Leech (2005) call them paradigms, have been explained. Sometimes, the use of language becomes too philosophical and technical. This is probably because the author had to explain some technical terms.

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Daniel Ortiz

Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative and Mixed Methods

Esra Öztürk Çalık

Conducting a well-established research requires deep knowledge about the research designs. Doing research can be likened to jumping into the sea which may transform into a huge ocean if the researcher is not experienced. As a PhD candidate and a novice researcher, I believe that the book "Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative and Mixed Methods Approaches" by J.W. Creswell is a true reference guide for novice researchers since it is the most comprehensive and informative source with its reader-friendly structure.

International Journal of Social Sciences Interdisciplinary Research

Prashant Astalin

rhoda taller

Yan-yi Chang

John W. Creswell was previously a professor in educational psychology in the University of Nebraska–Lincoln. He moved to the University of Michigan in 2015 as a professor in the Department of Family Medicine. He has published many articles and close to 27 books on mixed methods. Professor Creswell is also one of the founding members of the Journal of Mixed Methods Research. He was a Fulbright scholar in South Africa in 2008 and Thailand in 2012. In 2011, he served as a visiting professor in the School of Public Health of Harvard University. In 2014, he became the Chairman of the Mixed Methods International Research Association. Professor Creswell has a personal website called “Mixed Methods Research” at http://johnwcreswell.com/. The site contains the information about his background, his own blog, consulting works and published books. He also posted replies questions from academic researchers and practitioners in the blog.

kassu sileyew

There are a number of approaches used in this research method design. The purpose of this chapter is to design the methodology of the research approach through mixed types of research techniques. The research approach also supports the researcher on how to come across the research result findings. In this chapter, the general design of the research and the methods used for data collection are explained in detail. It includes three main parts. The first part gives a highlight about the dissertation design. The second part discusses about qualitative and quantitative data collection methods. The last part illustrates the general research framework. The purpose of this section is to indicate how the research was conducted throughout the study periods.

Chisomo Mgunda

Gloria Thakane Leutle

Richard Baskas, Ed.D. Candidate

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Sequential, Multiple Assignment, Randomized Trial Designs

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Kidwell KM , Almirall D. Sequential, Multiple Assignment, Randomized Trial Designs. JAMA. 2023;329(4):336–337. doi:10.1001/jama.2022.24324

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Ni-Cu bimetallic alloy anchored on nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes for CO 2 -to-CH 4 electrochemical conversion

• Research Article
• Published: 13 May 2024

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• Jing Li 1 , 2 ,
• Chuanyong Jing 2 &
• Jin Wang 1 , 3  

Electrocatalytic CO 2 reduction to CH 4 remains challenging due to multi-electron transfer and intermediates adsorption. Herein, we synthesized electrocatalysts by growing Ni-Cu alloy structure on nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes (Ni x Cu y -NCNT) for electrocatalytic CO 2 reduction reaction (CO 2 RR) via hydrothermal method followed by pyrolysis. The optimized Ni 1 Cu 1 -NCNT demonstrated a superior CO 2 RR performance, achieving 99.7% \(\text{FE}_{\text{CH}_{4}}\) (FE = Faradaic efficiency) and 11.54 mA • cm −2 current density at −1.2 V vs. reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE), which outperformed single metal counterparts. Its outstanding performance was due to the electrons transferred from Cu to Ni and Ni-Cu alloy shifted the d-band center toward the Fermi level, which was more conducive to the intermediate formation. In situ electrochemical attenuated total reflection (EC-ATR) and density functional theory (DFT) calculations revealed the appearance of *CHO intermediate and the pathway during the CO 2 RR process. The design of the bimetallic electrocatalyst in this study provides a new perspective for the highly selective reduction of CO 2 .

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 52170065).

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School of Environment, Beijing Key Laboratory of Aqueous Typical Pollutants Control and Water Quality Safeguard, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, 100044, China

Jing Li & Jin Wang

State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China

Jing Li & Chuanyong Jing

Tangshan Research Institute, Beijing Jiaotong University, Tangshan, 063000, China

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Li, J., Jing, C. & Wang, J. Ni-Cu bimetallic alloy anchored on nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes for CO 2 -to-CH 4 electrochemical conversion. Nano Res. (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12274-024-6694-2

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Received : 07 January 2024

Revised : 30 March 2024

Accepted : 09 April 2024

Published : 13 May 2024

DOI : https://doi.org/10.1007/s12274-024-6694-2

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