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National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC)

The National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) funds high quality health and medical research to build research capability, support researchers, encourage the translation of research into better health outcomes and promote the highest ethical standards for health and medical research.

NHMRC is a non-corporate Commonwealth entity.

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Genomics | NHMRC

NHMRC has produced a range of resources on genetics or genomics and human health for consumers, health professionals, researchers and policy makers which can be accessed via the links below. Genetics is a broad field of study that is concerned with heredity and how particular qualities or traits are passed on from parents to offspring.   In the context of human health, genetics examines single genes and how their function and composition can affect growth and development.  

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Why is infection prevention and control important? Infection can occur when pathogens ('germs') such as bacteria, viruses, protozoa or fungi get into or onto the body. Every year, a large number of Australians suffer from infections which require medical attention. Infection prevention and control practices aim to prevent and/or stop the spread of disease-causing germs to others.

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Zinc | Eat For Health

Zinc Download as PDF Background Zinc is a component of various enzymes that help maintain structural integrity of proteins and regulate gene expression. Zinc metalloenzymes include ribonucleic acid polymerases, alcohol dehydrogenase, carbonic anhydrase and alkaline phosphatase. The biological function of zinc can be catalytic, structural or regulatory. More than 85% of total body zinc is found in skeletal muscle and bone (King & Keen 1999).

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National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC)

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NHMRC, GPO Box 1421, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, ACT,2601, Australia Tel: (61) 2 6217 9000 Fax: (61) 2 6217 9100 Email: [email protected] Website: www.nhmrc.gov.au Contact: Executive Director

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The National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) (Australia) consolidates within a single national organization the often independent functions of research funding and development of advice. One of its strengths is that it brings together and draws upon the resources of all components of the health system, including governments, medical practitioners, nurses and allied health professionals, researchers, teaching and research institutions, public and private programme managers, service administrators, community health organizations, social health researchers and consumers.

Biomedical (C J Martin) Fellowships

Subjects: Biomedical sciences.

Purpose: To enable fellows to develop their research skills and work overseas on specific research projects within the biomedical sciences under nominated advisers.

Eligibility: Open to Australian citizens or graduates from overseas with permanent Australian resident status who are not under bond to any foreign government. Candidates should hold a Doctorate in a medical, dental or related field of research, be actively engaged in such research in Australia and have no more than 2 years postdoctoral experience at the time of application.

Level of Study: Postdoctorate

Type: Fellowship

Value: An allowance of Australian $5,000 per year is payable for research support, including conference travel, for the 2 year Australian portion of the Fellowship. Please check website for full detail

Length of Study: 4 years, the first 2 of which are to be spent overseas and the final 2 in Australia

Frequency: Annual

Study Establishment: Institutions approved by the NHMRC, such as teaching hospitals, universities and research institutes

Country of Study: Any country

No. of awards offered: Varies

Application Procedure: Application forms available from the website.

Closing Date: July 7th

Funding: Government

No. of awards given last year: 31

No. of applicants last year: 79

Additional Information: Please check website for more details.

Biomedical (Dora Lush) and Public Health Postgraduate Scholarships

Subjects: Biomedical sciences and public health.

Purpose: To encourage science Honours or equivalent graduates of outstanding ability to gain full-time health and medical research experience.

Eligibility: Open to Australian citizens who have already completed a science Honours degree (or equivalent) at the time of submission of the application, science Honours graduates and unregistered medical or dental graduates from overseas, who have permanent resident status and are currently residing in Australia. The scholarship shall be held within Australia.

Level of Study: Postgraduate

Type: Scholarship

Value: Varies

Length of Study: 1 year, renewable for up to 2 further years

Country of Study: Australia

Application Procedure: Applicants should visit the website at https://www.nhmrc.gov.au/grants-funding/apply-funding/postgraduate-scholarships/postgraduate-scholarships-categories-award for details.

Closing Date: Varies

No. of awards given last year: 51

No. of applicants last year: 133

For further information contact:

Centre for Research Management & Policy, NHMRC, GPO Box 9848, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory

Biomedical Australian (Peter Doherty) Fellowship

Purpose: To provide full-time training in basic biomedical sciences research in Australia.

Eligibility: Open to Australian citizens or graduates from overseas with permanent Australian resident status who are not under bond to any foreign government. Candidates should hold a Doctorate in a medical, dental or related field of research or have submitted a thesis for such by December in the year of application, be actively engaged in such research in Australia or overseas and have no more than 2 years postdoctoral experience at the time of application.

Value: Fellowship salary packages at the Training Support Package level 1 is $62,250. An allowance of $5,000 per year is payable for research support, including conference travel

Length of Study: 4 years

No. of awards given last year: 30

No. of applicants last year: 100

Career Development Fellowship

Subjects: Any human health-related research area.

Purpose: To help researchers to conduct research that is internationally competitive and to develop a capacity for independent research.

Eligibility: Open to Australian citizens or permanent residents, normally between 3 and 9 years postdoctoral experience.

Value: Australian $96,040–106,230 per year

Length of Study: 5 years

Study Establishment: Institutions approved by NHMRC, such as teaching hospitals, universities and research institutes

Application Procedure: Application forms available from the website www.nhmrc.gov.au .

Closing Date: March 19th

No. of awards given last year: 54

No. of applicants last year: 434

Clinical (Neil Hamilton Fairley) Fellowship

Subjects: All health-related fields.

Purpose: To provide training in scientific research methods.

Eligibility: Open to Australian citizens or graduates from overseas with permanent Australian resident status who are not under bond to any foreign government. Candidates should hold a Doctorate in a health-related field of research or have submitted a thesis for such by December of the year of application, be actively engaged in such research in Australia and have no more than 2 years postdoctoral experience at the time of application.

Value: Fellowship salary packages at the Training Support Package level 1 is currently at $62,250 and if appropriate, clinical loadings will be paid

Application Procedure: Application form available from the website.

No. of awards given last year: 4

No. of applicants last year: 10

Additional Information: For more information check website.

NHMRC Early Career Fellowship

Subjects: Scientific research, including the social and behavioural sciences, that can be applied to any area of clinical or community medicine.

Purpose: To undertake research that is both of major importance in its field and of benefit to Australian health.

Eligibility: Open to Australian citizens or graduates from overseas with permanent Australian resident status, who are not under bond to any foreign government. Candidates should hold a Doctorate in a health-related field of research or have submitted a thesis for such by December of the year of application, be actively engaged in such research in Australia or overseas and have no more than 2 years postdoctoral experience at the time of application.

Value: Funding is for 4 years at TSP1 Level, which currently is $67,508

Application Procedure: Application forms are available from the website.

Closing Date: May 1st

No. of awards given last year: 9

No. of applicants last year: 21

Additional Information: For more information check website www.nhmrc.gov.au/grants-funding/apply-funding/early-career-fellowships .

NHMRC Medical and Dental and Public Health Postgraduate Research Scholarships

Subjects: Medical, dental and public health research.

Purpose: To encourage medical and dental and public health graduates to gain full-time research experience.

Eligibility: Open to Australian citizens who are medical or dental and public health research graduates registered to practice in Australia, with the proviso that medical graduates can also apply during their intern year and that dental postgraduate research scholarships may be awarded prior to graduation provided that the evidence of high quality work is shown. Also open to medical and dental graduates from overseas who hold a qualification that is registered for practice in Australia, who have permanent resident status and are currently residing in Australia.

Study Establishment: Institutions approved by the NHMRC such as teaching hospitals, universities and research institutes

Application Procedure: Available from the website at www.nhmrc.gov.au/grants-funding/apply-funding/postgraduate-scholarships/postgraduate-scholarships-categories-award .

No. of awards given last year: 6

No. of applicants last year: 12

Additional Information: The award is divided into two categories: Medical and Dental Public Health Postgraduate Research Scholarships and Public HealthPostgraduate Research Scholarships.

NHMRC/INSERM Exchange Fellowships

Purpose: To enable Australian Fellows to work overseas on specific research projects in INSERM laboratories in France and vice versa.

Eligibility: Open to Australian citizens and permanent residents, who are not under bond to any foreign government, who hold a Doctorate in a medical, dental or related field of research or have submitted a thesis for such by December in the year of application, are actively engaged in such research in Australia and have no more than 2 years postdoctoral experience at the time of application.

Value: Fellowship stipend Australian $62,250. A maintenance allowance for research support of $5,000 per year For more information please check website www.nhmrc.gov.au/_files_nhmrc/file/grants/apply/training/insermfy.pdf

Length of Study: 4 years, the first 2 of which are to be spent in France and the final 2 in Australia

Study Establishment: Institutions approved by the NHMRC, such as teaching hospitals, universities and research institutes, and INSERM laboratories in France

Country of Study: France or Australia

No. of awards offered: 1

Application Procedure: Applications forms available from the website.

No. of awards given last year: 1

Additional Information: This fellowship is awarded in association with I’Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), France.

Public Health Australian Fellowship

Subjects: Public health.

Purpose: To provide full-time training in public health research in Australia.

Eligibility: Applicants should hold a Doctorate in a health-related field of research or have submitted a PhD by December in the year of application and have no more than 2 years postdoctoral experience. Applicant must also, for years 1 and 2, nominate a department [preferably institution] and research group other than that where the applicant’s doctoral qualifications were obtained. Open to Australian citizens or permanent residents.

Value: Australian $67,508 and $5,000

No. of awards given last year: 17

No. of applicants last year: 61

Public Health Overseas (Sidney Sax) Fellowships

Purpose: To provide full-time training overseas and in Australia in public health research.

Eligibility: Applicants should hold a Doctorate in a health-related field of research or have submitted a PhD by December in the year of application and have no more than 2 years postdoctoral experience. Open to Australian citizens or permanent residents.

Value: Fellowship salary support packages at the Training Support Package level 1, that is $62,250, will be paid. Minimum cost airfares for the Fellow and dependants will be provided for direct travel to, and return from, the overseas centre. Additional overseas and Australian allowances are also payable

No. of awards given last year: 3

No. of applicants last year: 11

Training Scholarship for Indigenous Health Research

Subjects: Indigenous Australian Health Research.

Purpose: To provide support for research training or training leading to research areas of particular relevance to Indigenous Australians.

Eligibility: Applicant must be an Australian citizen or Australian permanent resident, have made prior arrangements with the Head of Department or Institution in which they propose to study, provide a specific study plan within a clearly defined area and conduct research of potential benefit to Australia.

Value: Depends on the qualification and current registration. Please check website

Length of Study: 1 year, renewable up to further 2 years

Application Procedure: Available from the website at www.nhmrc.gov.au/grants-funding/directory-previous-nhmrc-grants/training-scholarships-indigenous-health-research .

Closing Date: August 4th

No. of applicants last year: 6

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(2018). National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC). In: The Grants Register 2018. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-94186-5_833

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Shekelle PG, Maglione MA, Luoto J, et al. Global Health Evidence Evaluation Framework [Internet]. Rockville (MD): Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (US); 2013 Jan.

Global Health Evidence Evaluation Framework [Internet].

Table b.9 nhmrc evidence hierarchy: designations of ‘levels of evidence’ according to type of research question (including explanatory notes).

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Explanatory notes

Definitions of these study designs are provided on pages 7-8 How to use the evidence: assessment and application of scientific evidence (NHMRC 2000b) and in the accompanying Glossary.

These levels of evidence apply only to studies of assessing the accuracy of diagnostic or screening tests. To assess the overall effectiveness of a diagnostic test there also needs to be a consideration of the impact of the test on patient management and health outcomes (Medical Services Advisory Committee 2005, Sackett and Haynes 2002). The evidence hierarchy given in the ‘Intervention’ column should be used to assess the impact of a diagnostic test on health outcomes relative to an existing method of diagnosis/comparator test(s). The evidence hierarchy given in the ‘Screening’ column should be used to assess the impact of a screening test on health outcomes relative to no screening or opportunistic screening.

If it is possible and/or ethical to determine a causal relationship using experimental evidence, then the ‘Intervention’ hierarchy of evidence should be utilised. If it is only possible and/or ethical to determine a causal relationship using observational evidence (eg. cannot allocate groups to a potential harmful exposure, such as nuclear radiation), then the ‘Aetiology’ hierarchy of evidence should be utilised.

A systematic review will only be assigned a level of evidence as high as the studies it contains, excepting where those studies are of level II evidence. Systematic reviews of level II evidence provide more data than the individual studies and any meta-analyses will increase the precision of the overall results, reducing the likelihood that the results are affected by chance. Systematic reviews of lower level evidence present results of likely poor internal validity and thus are rated on the likelihood that the results have been affected by bias, rather than whether the systematic review itself is of good quality. Systematic review quality should be assessed separately. A systematic review should consist of at least two studies. In systematic reviews that include different study designs, the overall level of evidence should relate to each individual outcome/result, as different studies (and study designs) might contribute to each different outcome.

The validity of the reference standard should be determined in the context of the disease under review. Criteria for determining the validity of the reference standard should be pre-specified. This can include the choice of the reference standard(s) and its timing in relation to the index test. The validity of the reference standard can be determined through quality appraisal of the study (Whiting et al 2003).

Well-designed population based case-control studies (eg. population based screening studies where test accuracy is assessed on all cases, with a random sample of controls) do capture a population with a representative spectrum of disease and thus fulfil the requirements for a valid assembly of patients. However, in some cases the population assembled is not representative of the use of the test in practice. In diagnostic case-control studies a selected sample of patients already known to have the disease are compared with a separate group of normal/healthy people known to be free of the disease. In this situation patients with borderline or mild expressions of the disease, and conditions mimicking the disease are excluded, which can lead to exaggeration of both sensitivity and specificity. This is called spectrum bias or spectrum effect because the spectrum of study participants will not be representative of patients seen in practice (Mulherin and Miller 2002).

At study inception the cohort is either non-diseased or all at the same stage of the disease. A randomised controlled trial with persons either non-diseased or at the same stage of the disease in both arms of the trial would also meet the criterion for this level of evidence.

All or none of the people with the risk factor(s) experience the outcome; and the data arises from an unselected or representative case series which provides an unbiased representation of the prognostic effect. For example, no smallpox develops in the absence of the specific virus; and clear proof of the causal link has come from the disappearance of small pox after large-scale vaccination.

This also includes controlled before-and-after (pre-test/post-test) studies, as well as adjusted indirect comparisons (ie. utilise A vs B and B vs C, to determine A vs C with statistical adjustment for B).

Comparing single arm studies ie. case series from two studies. This would also include unadjusted indirect comparisons (ie. utilise A vs B and B vs C, to determine A vs C but where there is no statistical adjustment for B).

Studies of diagnostic yield provide the yield of diagnosed patients, as determined by an index test, without confirmation of the accuracy of this diagnosis by a reference standard. These may be the only alternative when there is no reliable reference standard.

Note A : Assessment of comparative harms/safety should occur according to the hierarchy presented for each of the research questions, with the proviso that this assessment occurs within the context of the topic being assessed. Some harms (and other outcomes) are rare and cannot feasibly be captured within randomised controlled trials, in which case lower levels of evidence may be the only type of evidence that is practically achievable; physical harms and psychological harms may need to be addressed by different study designs; harms from diagnostic testing include the likelihood of false positive and false negative results; harms from screening include the likelihood of false alarm and false reassurance results.

Note B: When a level of evidence is attributed in the text of a document, it should also be framed according to its corresponding research question eg. level II intervention evidence; level IV diagnostic evidence; level III-2 prognostic evidence.

Note C: Each individual study that is attributed a “level of evidence” should be rigorously appraised using validated or commonly used checklists or appraisal tools to ensure that factors other than study design have not affected the validity of the results.

Source: Hierarchies adapted and modified from: NHMRC 1999; Bandolier 1999; Lijmer et al. 1999; Phillips et al. 2001.

From: Appendix B, Using Six Different Frameworks To Assess the Evidence for Three Examples of Health Interventions or Programs

• Cite this Page Shekelle PG, Maglione MA, Luoto J, et al. Global Health Evidence Evaluation Framework [Internet]. Rockville (MD): Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (US); 2013 Jan. Table B.9, NHMRC Evidence Hierarchy: designations of ‘levels of evidence’ according to type of research question (including explanatory notes)
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Evidence-based guidelines for the management of hip fractures in older persons: an update

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• 1 Sacred Heart Rehabilitation Service, St Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia. [email protected]
• PMID: 20047547
• DOI: 10.5694/j.1326-5377.2010.tb03400.x

Objective: To update evidence-based guidelines for the treatment of proximal femoral fractures published in the Journal in 2003.

Data sources: Systematic search of MEDLINE, CINAHL and EMBASE for articles published from October 2001 to June 2008, and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (most recent issue searched - Issue 2, 2008).

Study selection: Randomised controlled trials and meta-analyses of all aspects of acute-care hospital treatment and rehabilitation for proximal femoral fractures among participants aged 50 years or older with proximal femoral fractures not associated with metastatic disease or multiple trauma.

Data extraction: All studies were reviewed independently by two assessors, who recorded individual study results, and an assessment of study quality and treatment conclusions was made according to Cochrane Collaboration protocols. If necessary, a third review was performed to reach consensus.

Results: 128 new studies were identified and 81 met our inclusion criteria. Recommendations for time to surgery, thromboprophylaxis, anaesthesia, analgesia, prophylactic antibiotics, surgical fixation of fractures, nutritional status, mobilisation and rehabilitation have been updated. Also, recommendations regarding surgical wound closure, management of postoperative delirium, osteoporosis treatment and hip protectors have been added. The guidelines include the current National Health and Medical Research Council grades of recommendations for clinical guidelines.

Conclusions: Significant changes in recommendations have been made, particularly in relation to surgery, rehabilitation and tertiary prevention. Hip fracture should be treated according to the most up-to-date evidence to achieve the best possible outcomes and optimal use of limited resources.

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But time is not on the side of the avid AFL fan, who alongside her five-and nine-year-old brothers, lives with a terminal illness.

"They think they're the fastest, the strongest, they have huge dreams," Ms Staska said.

"I don't want to be the one that takes the wind out of their sails and tells them that something is really wrong here.

"I just think they have every right to fulfil their dreams as much as they can."

The Adelaide siblings have all been diagnosed with Niemann-Pick Type C, which is one of more than 100 genetic conditions under the umbrella of childhood dementia.

According to the Australian Niemann-Pick Type C Disease Foundation, the disease causes an accumulation of cholesterol and other fatty acids in the body's cells, leading to progressive intellectual decline, loss of motor skills, seizures and dementia.

Most children with the illness die before turning 18.

Ms Staska said her children are already displaying symptoms.

"They are really struggling to keep up with their peers, they're struggling to participate in school, reading, writing, concentration," she said.

"They get sick quite a lot and it takes them quite a long time to rebound.

"But these symptoms are nothing compared to what they have on the horizon."

Calls for funding answered

The State of Childhood Dementia 2022 report states that about 90 children die in Australia every year from childhood dementia – a similar number of deaths as from childhood cancer.

Despite the high fatality rate, a report released by the Childhood Dementia Initiative last month found the condition received more than four times less government research funding than childhood cancer per patient.

After years of campaigning, researchers in South Australia have received $500,000 from the state government and Little Heroes Foundation charity, to grow childhood dementia research at Flinders University.

"It will allow our research group to grow what we do from single disorder research to multiple childhood dementia research," Flinders University professor Kim Hemsley said.

"The investment is also going to develop the next generation of childhood dementia researchers, which is incredibly important.

"We all hope that these disorders will be treated in our lifetime, I sincerely hope that's so, but we need more researchers in this field to help us make that happen."

SA government stepping in

SA Health Minister Chris Picton said the $250,000 contribution from the state government was a "one-off", but he was "open to having ongoing discussions with both Flinders University and Little Heroes Foundation".

"[The] state government generally doesn't provide research funding, that's generally done through the NHMRC (National Health and Medical Research Council), but… there's a relatively narrow amount of money that's been coming through the NHMRC grant process for childhood dementia compared to other conditions," he said.

"I think that's an appropriate reason for us to step in on this occasion."

The SA Premier Peter Malinauskas said around 150 South Australian children have childhood dementia.

He said the funding contribution from the state government was made following advocacy from One Nation upper house MP, Sarah Game.

"I can't think of anything more harrowing for a parent than the idea of having a child with dementia," he said during an at-times emotional press conference.

Little Heroes Foundation CEO Chris McDermott said only about 10 per cent of people know about childhood dementia and more community education was needed.

'We spend a lot of time hugging'

Ms Staska, who first spoke to the ABC about her children's condition in 2022 , described the funding announcement as "life-changing". 

She said the years ahead were "frightening", but her family tried to make the most of every day.

"That means saying 'yes' to a lot of things and exposing them [the children] to as many life experiences as I can," she said.

"We spend a lot more time hugging and we spend a lot more time having fun and making memories.

"There are families all over the country just like mine with children who are rapidly regressing and time is not on our side."

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Oncologists' meetings with drug reps don't help cancer patients live longer

Sydney Lupkin

Drug companies often do one-on-one outreach to doctors. A new study finds these meetings with drug reps lead to more prescriptions for cancer patients, but not longer survival. Chris Hondros/Getty Images hide caption

Drug companies often do one-on-one outreach to doctors. A new study finds these meetings with drug reps lead to more prescriptions for cancer patients, but not longer survival.

Pharmaceutical company reps have been visiting doctors for decades to tell them about the latest drugs. But how does the practice affect patients? A group of economists tried to answer that question.

When drug company reps visit doctors, it usually includes lunch or dinner and a conversation about a new drug. These direct-to-physician marketing interactions are tracked as payments in a public database, and a new study shows the meetings work. That is, doctors prescribe about five percent more oncology drugs following a visit from a pharmaceutical representative, according to the new study published by the National Bureau of Economic Research this month.

But the researchers also found that the practice doesn't make cancer patients live longer.

"It does not seem that this payment induces physicians to switch to drugs with a mortality benefit relative to the drug the patient would have gotten otherwise," says study author Colleen Carey , an assistant professor of economics and public policy at Cornell University.

For their research, she and her colleagues used Medicare claims data and the Open Payments database , which tracks drug company payments to doctors.

While the patients being prescribed these new cancer drugs didn't live longer, Carey also points out that they didn't live shorter lives either. It was about equal.

The pharmaceutical industry trade group, which is known as PhRMA, has a code of conduct for how sales reps should interact with doctors. The code was most recently updated in 2022, says Jocelyn Ulrich, the group's vice president of policy and research .

"We're ensuring that there is a constant attention from the industry and ensuring that these are very meaningful and important interactions and that they're compliant," she explains.

The code says that if drug reps are buying doctors a meal, it must be modest and can't be part of an entertainment or recreational event. The goal should be education.

Ulrich also points out that cancer deaths in the U.S. have declined by 33 percent since the 1990s , and new medicines are a part of that.

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Recruitment of volunteers will be competitive. A maximum of 450 children aged 12 to 17 years inclusive will be screened in the study, of which it is planned to include and randomize 300 children who meet the criteria for inclusion in the study and do not have non-inclusion criteria, data on which will be used for subsequent safety and immunogenicity analysis.

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40 facts about elektrostal.

Written by Lanette Mayes

Modified & Updated: 02 Mar 2024

Reviewed by Jessica Corbett

Elektrostal is a vibrant city located in the Moscow Oblast region of Russia. With a rich history, stunning architecture, and a thriving community, Elektrostal is a city that has much to offer. Whether you are a history buff, nature enthusiast, or simply curious about different cultures, Elektrostal is sure to captivate you.

This article will provide you with 40 fascinating facts about Elektrostal, giving you a better understanding of why this city is worth exploring. From its origins as an industrial hub to its modern-day charm, we will delve into the various aspects that make Elektrostal a unique and must-visit destination.

So, join us as we uncover the hidden treasures of Elektrostal and discover what makes this city a true gem in the heart of Russia.

Key Takeaways:

• Elektrostal, known as the “Motor City of Russia,” is a vibrant and growing city with a rich industrial history, offering diverse cultural experiences and a strong commitment to environmental sustainability.
• With its convenient location near Moscow, Elektrostal provides a picturesque landscape, vibrant nightlife, and a range of recreational activities, making it an ideal destination for residents and visitors alike.

Known as the “Motor City of Russia.”

Elektrostal, a city located in the Moscow Oblast region of Russia, earned the nickname “Motor City” due to its significant involvement in the automotive industry.

Home to the Elektrostal Metallurgical Plant.

Elektrostal is renowned for its metallurgical plant, which has been producing high-quality steel and alloys since its establishment in 1916.

Boasts a rich industrial heritage.

Elektrostal has a long history of industrial development, contributing to the growth and progress of the region.

Founded in 1916.

The city of Elektrostal was founded in 1916 as a result of the construction of the Elektrostal Metallurgical Plant.

Located approximately 50 kilometers east of Moscow.

Elektrostal is situated in close proximity to the Russian capital, making it easily accessible for both residents and visitors.

Known for its vibrant cultural scene.

Elektrostal is home to several cultural institutions, including museums, theaters, and art galleries that showcase the city’s rich artistic heritage.

A popular destination for nature lovers.

Surrounded by picturesque landscapes and forests, Elektrostal offers ample opportunities for outdoor activities such as hiking, camping, and birdwatching.

Hosts the annual Elektrostal City Day celebrations.

Every year, Elektrostal organizes festive events and activities to celebrate its founding, bringing together residents and visitors in a spirit of unity and joy.

Has a population of approximately 160,000 people.

Elektrostal is home to a diverse and vibrant community of around 160,000 residents, contributing to its dynamic atmosphere.

Boasts excellent education facilities.

The city is known for its well-established educational institutions, providing quality education to students of all ages.

A center for scientific research and innovation.

Elektrostal serves as an important hub for scientific research, particularly in the fields of metallurgy, materials science, and engineering.

Surrounded by picturesque lakes.

The city is blessed with numerous beautiful lakes, offering scenic views and recreational opportunities for locals and visitors alike.

Well-connected transportation system.

Elektrostal benefits from an efficient transportation network, including highways, railways, and public transportation options, ensuring convenient travel within and beyond the city.

Famous for its traditional Russian cuisine.

Food enthusiasts can indulge in authentic Russian dishes at numerous restaurants and cafes scattered throughout Elektrostal.

Home to notable architectural landmarks.

Elektrostal boasts impressive architecture, including the Church of the Transfiguration of the Lord and the Elektrostal Palace of Culture.

Offers a wide range of recreational facilities.

Residents and visitors can enjoy various recreational activities, such as sports complexes, swimming pools, and fitness centers, enhancing the overall quality of life.

Provides a high standard of healthcare.

Elektrostal is equipped with modern medical facilities, ensuring residents have access to quality healthcare services.

Home to the Elektrostal History Museum.

The Elektrostal History Museum showcases the city’s fascinating past through exhibitions and displays.

A hub for sports enthusiasts.

Elektrostal is passionate about sports, with numerous stadiums, arenas, and sports clubs offering opportunities for athletes and spectators.

Celebrates diverse cultural festivals.

Throughout the year, Elektrostal hosts a variety of cultural festivals, celebrating different ethnicities, traditions, and art forms.

Electric power played a significant role in its early development.

Elektrostal owes its name and initial growth to the establishment of electric power stations and the utilization of electricity in the industrial sector.

Boasts a thriving economy.

The city’s strong industrial base, coupled with its strategic location near Moscow, has contributed to Elektrostal’s prosperous economic status.

Houses the Elektrostal Drama Theater.

The Elektrostal Drama Theater is a cultural centerpiece, attracting theater enthusiasts from far and wide.

Popular destination for winter sports.

Elektrostal’s proximity to ski resorts and winter sport facilities makes it a favorite destination for skiing, snowboarding, and other winter activities.

Promotes environmental sustainability.

Elektrostal prioritizes environmental protection and sustainability, implementing initiatives to reduce pollution and preserve natural resources.

Home to renowned educational institutions.

Elektrostal is known for its prestigious schools and universities, offering a wide range of academic programs to students.

Committed to cultural preservation.

The city values its cultural heritage and takes active steps to preserve and promote traditional customs, crafts, and arts.

Hosts an annual International Film Festival.

The Elektrostal International Film Festival attracts filmmakers and cinema enthusiasts from around the world, showcasing a diverse range of films.

Encourages entrepreneurship and innovation.

Elektrostal supports aspiring entrepreneurs and fosters a culture of innovation, providing opportunities for startups and business development.

Offers a range of housing options.

Elektrostal provides diverse housing options, including apartments, houses, and residential complexes, catering to different lifestyles and budgets.

Home to notable sports teams.

Elektrostal is proud of its sports legacy, with several successful sports teams competing at regional and national levels.

Boasts a vibrant nightlife scene.

Residents and visitors can enjoy a lively nightlife in Elektrostal, with numerous bars, clubs, and entertainment venues.

Promotes cultural exchange and international relations.

Elektrostal actively engages in international partnerships, cultural exchanges, and diplomatic collaborations to foster global connections.

Surrounded by beautiful nature reserves.

Nearby nature reserves, such as the Barybino Forest and Luchinskoye Lake, offer opportunities for nature enthusiasts to explore and appreciate the region’s biodiversity.

Commemorates historical events.

The city pays tribute to significant historical events through memorials, monuments, and exhibitions, ensuring the preservation of collective memory.

Promotes sports and youth development.

Elektrostal invests in sports infrastructure and programs to encourage youth participation, health, and physical fitness.

Hosts annual cultural and artistic festivals.

Throughout the year, Elektrostal celebrates its cultural diversity through festivals dedicated to music, dance, art, and theater.

Provides a picturesque landscape for photography enthusiasts.

The city’s scenic beauty, architectural landmarks, and natural surroundings make it a paradise for photographers.

Connects to Moscow via a direct train line.

The convenient train connection between Elektrostal and Moscow makes commuting between the two cities effortless.

A city with a bright future.

Elektrostal continues to grow and develop, aiming to become a model city in terms of infrastructure, sustainability, and quality of life for its residents.

In conclusion, Elektrostal is a fascinating city with a rich history and a vibrant present. From its origins as a center of steel production to its modern-day status as a hub for education and industry, Elektrostal has plenty to offer both residents and visitors. With its beautiful parks, cultural attractions, and proximity to Moscow, there is no shortage of things to see and do in this dynamic city. Whether you’re interested in exploring its historical landmarks, enjoying outdoor activities, or immersing yourself in the local culture, Elektrostal has something for everyone. So, next time you find yourself in the Moscow region, don’t miss the opportunity to discover the hidden gems of Elektrostal.

Q: What is the population of Elektrostal?

A: As of the latest data, the population of Elektrostal is approximately XXXX.

Q: How far is Elektrostal from Moscow?

A: Elektrostal is located approximately XX kilometers away from Moscow.

Q: Are there any famous landmarks in Elektrostal?

A: Yes, Elektrostal is home to several notable landmarks, including XXXX and XXXX.

Q: What industries are prominent in Elektrostal?

A: Elektrostal is known for its steel production industry and is also a center for engineering and manufacturing.

Q: Are there any universities or educational institutions in Elektrostal?

A: Yes, Elektrostal is home to XXXX University and several other educational institutions.

Q: What are some popular outdoor activities in Elektrostal?

A: Elektrostal offers several outdoor activities, such as hiking, cycling, and picnicking in its beautiful parks.

Q: Is Elektrostal well-connected in terms of transportation?

A: Yes, Elektrostal has good transportation links, including trains and buses, making it easily accessible from nearby cities.

Q: Are there any annual events or festivals in Elektrostal?

A: Yes, Elektrostal hosts various events and festivals throughout the year, including XXXX and XXXX.

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The Australian Drinking Water Guidelines (the Guidelines) provide guidance to water regulators and suppliers on monitoring and managing drinking water quality.

December 2023: NHMRC is proposing minor amendments to the Guidelines to align with updated guidance on microbial water quality that was published in September 2022.

April 2023: NHMRC has identified an error of minor significance in the September 2022 update to the microbial water quality guidance (Chapter 5 and Appendix 3 of the Guidelines).

Information about the proposed consequential amendments to the Guidelines as well as the error and proposed corrections that will be made to the next version of the Guidelines are outlined below in the Public Notice of December 2023 and April 2023.

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The Australian Drinking Water Guidelines (the Guidelines) provide a basis for determining the quality of water to be supplied to consumers in all parts of Australia. They are intended to provide a framework for the good management of drinking water supplies that if implemented will assure safety at the point of use. The Guidelines are not mandatory legally enforceable standards and the implementation of the guidelines is at the discretion of each state and territory. The Guidelines are used by state and territory health departments and drinking water regulators, local health authorities and water utilities.

The Guidelines undergo a rolling revision to ensure they represent the latest scientific evidence on good quality drinking water. As sections of the Guidelines are revised, the Table of updates will be updated to provide the latest information.

For specific information on how these Guidelines are implemented in the states and territories, please contact the relevant drinking water regulator or health department.

Update 22 December 2023

Public notice: proposed minor amendments to align the australian drinking water guidelines with updated guidance on microbial water quality.

NHMRC is proposing to action minor amendments to align the Guidelines to advice published in September 2022 on microbial water quality (Chapter 5 and Appendix 3 of the Guidelines). These amendments are considered of minor significance as they do not change the overall health-based target recommendations and serve to clarify the original intent of the updated guidance on microbial water quality. There are also a number of minor corrections to the Guidelines that have been included to improve the clarity and consistency of the Guidelines (e.g. typographical errors, formatting errors, consistent terminology).

The Water Quality Advisory Committee (the Committee) assisted in the development of these minor amendments. Both the Committee and the Environment Health Standing Committee (enHealth) Water Quality Reference Panel have reviewed and support the proposed minor amendments.

The proposed amendments that will be made to the Guidelines are outlined in Tables 1 and 2 in the following document:

• Minor Amendments to Align the Australian Drinking Water Guidelines to the Updated Guidance on Microbial Water Quality (Public Notice Attachment December 2023)

On 30 November 2023 the Council of NHMRC advised the CEO that the proposed consequential changes to the Guidelines are of minor significance and that public consultation is not required prior to making the updates. This public notice of proposed amendments fulfills the notification requirements in accordance with section 9 of the National Health and Medical Research Council Regulation 2016. This information will be moved into the table of updates when the amendments have been made in the next version of the Guidelines.

Update 28 April 2023 

Public notice: proposed minor corrections to microbial water quality guidance in the australian drinking water guidelines (chapter 5 and appendix 3) .

NHMRC has identified an error of minor significance in Chapter 5 and Appendix 3 of the Guidelines. An incorrect adjustment value has been applied to the Category 4 protozoa log reduction value (LRV). The final LRVs are not affected by this error and it does not change the recommendations in the Guidelines. The final default LRV targets in Chapter 5 and Appendix 3 have been reviewed and supported by the current Water Quality Advisory Committee and the jurisdictional experts on the Environmental Health Standing Committee (enHealth) Water Quality Expert Reference Panel.  

The identified errors are in the explanatory text and footnotes in several places in Chapter 5 and Appendix 3 of the Guidelines. Corrections will be made in these places to clarify how the final LRV was reached and will be published in the next version of the Guidelines. The corrections that will be made to the Guidelines are outlined in Table 1 in the following document:

• Proposed minor corrections to microbial water quality guidance in the Australian Drinking Water Guidelines (Public Notice Attachment April 2023)

On 30 March 2023 the Council of NHMRC advised the CEO that the proposed changes to the Guidelines are of minor significance and that public consultation is not required prior to making the updates. This public notice of proposed amendments fulfills the notification requirements in accordance with section 9 of the National Health and Medical Research Council Regulation 2016. This information will be moved into the table of updates when the corrections have been made in the next version of the Guidelines.  

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This document (available from the download section below) describes the process for the review of the 2004 Australian Drinking Water Guidelines and the development of the 2011 Australian Drinking Water Guidelines . It was previously Appendix 4 to the Australian Drinking Water Guidelines (2011).

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