tests for critical thinking skills

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Critical Thinking test

By 123test team . Updated May 12, 2023

Critical Thinking test reviews

This Critical Thinking test measures your ability to think critically and draw logical conclusions based on written information. Critical Thinking tests are often used in job assessments in the legal sector to assess a candidate's  analytical critical  thinking skills. A well known example of a critical thinking test is the Watson-Glaser Critical Thinking Appraisal .

Need more practice?

Score higher on your critical thinking test.

The test comprises of the following five sections with a total of 10 questions:

• Analysing Arguments
• Assumptions
• Interpreting Information

Instructions Critical Thinking test

Each question presents one or more paragraphs of text and a question about the information in the text. It's your job to figure out which of the options is the correct answer.

Below is a statement that is followed by an argument. You should consider this argument to be true. It is then up to you to determine whether the argument is strong or weak. Do not let your personal opinion about the statement play a role in your evaluation of the argument.

Statement: It would be good if people would eat vegetarian more often. Argument: No, because dairy also requires animals to be kept that will have to be eaten again later.

Is this a strong or weak argument?

Strong argument Weak argument

Statement: Germany should no longer use the euro as its currency Argument: No, because that means that the 10 billion Deutschmark that the introduction of the euro has cost is money thrown away.

Overfishing is the phenomenon that too much fish is caught in a certain area, which leads to the disappearance of the fish species in that area. This trend can only be reversed by means of catch reduction measures. These must therefore be introduced and enforced.

Assumption: The disappearance of fish species in areas of the oceans is undesirable.

Is the assumption made from the text?

Assumption is made Assumption is not made

As a company, we strive for satisfied customers. That's why from now on we're going to keep track of how quickly our help desk employees pick up the phone. Our goal is for that phone to ring for a maximum of 20 seconds.

Assumption: The company has tools or ways to measure how quickly help desk employees pick up the phone.

• All reptiles lay eggs
• All reptiles are vertebrates
• All snakes are reptiles
• All vertebrates have brains
• Some reptiles hatch their eggs themselves
• Most reptiles have two lungs
• Many snakes only have one lung
• Cobras are poisonous snakes
• All reptiles are animals

Conclusion: Some snakes hatch their eggs themselves.

Does the conclusion follow the statements?

Conclusion follows Conclusion does not follow

(Continue with the statements from question 5.)

Conclusion: Some animals that lay eggs only have one lung.

In the famous 1971 Stanford experiment, 24 normal, healthy male students were randomly assigned as 'guards' (12) or 'prisoners' (12). The guards were given a uniform and instructed to keep order, but not to use force. The prisoners were given prison uniforms. Soon after the start of the experiment, the guards made up all kinds of sentences for the prisoners. Insurgents were shot down with a fire extinguisher and public undressing or solitary confinement was also a punishment. The aggression of the guards became stronger as the experiment progressed. At one point, the abuses took place at night, because the guards thought that the researchers were not watching. It turned out that some guards also had fun treating the prisoners very cruelly. For example, prisoners got a bag over their heads and were chained to their ankles. Originally, the experiment would last 14 days. However, after six days the experiment was stopped.

The students who took part in the research did not expect to react the way they did in such a situation.

To what extent is this conclusion true, based on the given text?

True Probably true More information required Probably false False

(Continue with the text from 'Stanford experiment' in question 7.)

The results of the experiment support the claim that every young man (or at least some young men) is capable of turning into a sadist fairly quickly.

• A flag is a tribute to the nation and should therefore not be hung outside at night. Hoisting the flag therefore happens at sunrise, bringing it down at sunset. Only when a country flag is illuminated by spotlights on both sides, it may remain hanging after sunset. There is a simple rule of thumb for the time of bringing down the flag. This is the moment when there is no longer any visible difference between the individual colors of the flag.
• A flag may not touch the ground.
• On the Dutch flag, unless entitled to do so, no decorations or other additions should be made. Also the use of a flag purely for decoration should be avoided. However, flag cloth may be used for decoration - for example in the form of drapes.
• The orange pennant is only used on birthdays of members of the Royal House and on King's Day. The orange pennant should be as long or slightly longer than the diagonal of the flag.

Conclusion: One can assume that no Dutch flag will fly at government buildings at night, unless it is illuminated by spotlights on both sides.

Does the conclusion follow, based on the given text?

(Continue with the text from 'Dutch flag protocol' in question 9.)

Conclusion: If the protocol is followed, the orange pennant will always be longer than the horizontal bands/stripes of the flag.

Please answer the questions below. Not all questions are required but it will help us improve this test.

My educational level is

-- please select -- primary school high school college university PhD other

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• How it Works

Critical Thinking Test: Sample Questions with Explanations (2024)

Employers value and seek candidates who demonstrate advanced critical thinking skills. They often administer critical thinking tests as part of their hiring process. Critical thinking tests can be very difficult for those who don’t prepare. A great way to start practicing is by taking our critical thinking free practice test.

What Does The Critical Thinking Test Include?

The Critical Thinking Test assesses your capacity to think critically and form logical conclusions when given written information. Critical thinking tests are generally used in job recruitment processes, in the legal sector. These tests measure the analytical critical thinking abilities of a candidate.

Why Is Critical Thinking Useful?

Critical thinking is put into action in various stages of decision-making and problem-solving tasks:

• Identify the problem
• Choose suitable information to find the solution
• Identify the assumptions that are implied and written in the text
• Form hypotheses and choose the most suitable and credible answers
• Form well-founded conclusions and determine the soundness of inferences

What is Watson Glaser Test and what Critical Thinking Skills it Measures?

The most common type of critical thinking test is the Watson-Glaser Critical Thinking Appraisal (W-GCTA). Typically used by legal and financial organizations, as well as management businesses, a Watson Glaser test is created to assess candidates’ critical thinking skills.

The test consists of 10 questions to be answered in 10 minutes approx (although there is no timer on the test itself). Our test is slightly harder than the real thing, to make it sufficiently challenging practice.

You need to get 70% correct to pass the test. Don’t forget to first check out the test techniques section further down this page beforehand.

Questions          25

Pass percentage          70%.

The test is broken down into five central areas:

• Assumptions
• Interpretation

Critical Thinking Course

• 1 BONUS Interview Prep Video Guide Buy this Course: Get full access to all lessons, practice tests and guides.

The Five Critical Thinking Skills Explained

1. recognition of assumption.

You’ll be presented with a statement. The statement is then followed by several proposed assumptions. When answering, you must work out if an assumption was made or if an assumption was not made in the statement. An assumption is a proclamation that an individual takes for granted. This section of the tests measures your ability to withhold from forming assumptions about things that are not necessarily correct.

• 1: Assumption Made
• 2: Assumption Not Made

Although the passage does state that Charlie’s fundraising team is doing its best so that the charity event can meet its goal, nowhere did it state that their team is leading the event.

2. Evaluation of Arguments

You will be presented with an argument. You will then be asked to decide whether the argument is strong or weak. An argument is considered strong if it directly connects to the statement provided, and is believed to be significant.

No, participation awards should not be given in every competition because studies have shown that this would cause the participants to put in less effort because they will get a prize no matter what the outcome is.

• 1: Strong Argument
• 2: Weak Argument

This is a strong argument as it provides evidence as to why participation awards should not be given in every competition

3. Deductions

In deduction questions, you will need to form conclusions based solely on the information provided in the question and not based on your knowledge. You will be given a small passage of information and you will need to evaluate a list of deductions made based on that passage. If the conclusion cannot be formed for the information provided, then the conclusion does not follow. The answer must be entirely founded on the statements made and not on conclusions drawn from your knowledge.

In a surprise party for Donna, Edna arrived after Felix and Gary did. Kelly arrived before Felix and Gary did.

• 1: Conclusion Follows
• 2: Conclusion Does not Follow

For questions like this, jot down the clues to help you out. Use initials as a quick reference.

K | F&G | E

Looking at the simple diagram, “K”, which stands for “Kelly,” arrived before Edna “E” did. The answer is A.

4. Interpretation

In these questions, you are given a passage of information followed by a list of possible conclusions. You will need to interpret the information in the paragraph and determine whether or not each conclusion follows, based solely on the information given.

A number of students were given the following advice:

“The use of powerful words is a technique, which makes you a better writer. Your choice of words is very important in molding the way people interaction with the article. You should use powerful words to spice up your article. Power words should be used liberally to enhance the flavor of what you write! ”

In the fourth sentence, it is stated, “Power words should be used liberally to enhance the flavor of what you write!”

Thus, if you were to write an essay, using powerful words can give more flavor to it.

5. Inferences

An inference is a conclusion made from observed or supposed facts and details. It is information that is not apparent in the information provided but rather is extracted from it. In this section, you will be provided with a passage of information about a specific scene or event. A list of possible inferences will then be given, and you will need to decide if they are ‘true’, ‘false’, ‘possibly true’, ‘possibly false’, or whether it is not possible to say based on the information provided.

With the advancement of technology, the need for more infrastructure has never been higher. According to the plan of the current U.S. Administration, it aims to put a $1 trillion investment on improving infrastructure, a portion of which will include priority projects and technologies that can strengthen its economic competitiveness such as transportation, 5G wireless communication technology, rural broadband technologies, advanced manufacturing technologies, and even artificial intelligence.

It stated that it expects to work with Congress to develop a comprehensive infrastructure package, which is expected to have a budget of $200 billion for certain priorities.

• 2: Probably True
• 3: Not Enough Information
• 4: Probably False

Although it was mentioned in the passage that the U.S. government is to allocate $200 billion on certain priorities, it did not specify if these certain priorities were for ‘transportation, 5G wireless communication technology, rural broadband technologies, advanced manufacturing technologies, and artificial intelligence’ or if the aforementioned priorities will have a different allocation.

What we can be sure of, however, is that at least a portion of the $1 trillion infrastructure budget will be used on the mentioned priorities regardless, meaning that there is a chance that $200 billion will be used on those aforementioned areas.

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Article • 8 min read

Critical Thinking

Developing the right mindset and skills.

By the Mind Tools Content Team

We make hundreds of decisions every day and, whether we realize it or not, we're all critical thinkers.

We use critical thinking each time we weigh up our options, prioritize our responsibilities, or think about the likely effects of our actions. It's a crucial skill that helps us to cut out misinformation and make wise decisions. The trouble is, we're not always very good at it!

In this article, we'll explore the key skills that you need to develop your critical thinking skills, and how to adopt a critical thinking mindset, so that you can make well-informed decisions.

What Is Critical Thinking?

Critical thinking is the discipline of rigorously and skillfully using information, experience, observation, and reasoning to guide your decisions, actions, and beliefs. You'll need to actively question every step of your thinking process to do it well.

Collecting, analyzing and evaluating information is an important skill in life, and a highly valued asset in the workplace. People who score highly in critical thinking assessments are also rated by their managers as having good problem-solving skills, creativity, strong decision-making skills, and good overall performance. [1]

Key Critical Thinking Skills

Critical thinkers possess a set of key characteristics which help them to question information and their own thinking. Focus on the following areas to develop your critical thinking skills:

Being willing and able to explore alternative approaches and experimental ideas is crucial. Can you think through "what if" scenarios, create plausible options, and test out your theories? If not, you'll tend to write off ideas and options too soon, so you may miss the best answer to your situation.

To nurture your curiosity, stay up to date with facts and trends. You'll overlook important information if you allow yourself to become "blinkered," so always be open to new information.

But don't stop there! Look for opposing views or evidence to challenge your information, and seek clarification when things are unclear. This will help you to reassess your beliefs and make a well-informed decision later. Read our article, Opening Closed Minds , for more ways to stay receptive.

Logical Thinking

You must be skilled at reasoning and extending logic to come up with plausible options or outcomes.

It's also important to emphasize logic over emotion. Emotion can be motivating but it can also lead you to take hasty and unwise action, so control your emotions and be cautious in your judgments. Know when a conclusion is "fact" and when it is not. "Could-be-true" conclusions are based on assumptions and must be tested further. Read our article, Logical Fallacies , for help with this.

Use creative problem solving to balance cold logic. By thinking outside of the box you can identify new possible outcomes by using pieces of information that you already have.

Self-Awareness

Many of the decisions we make in life are subtly informed by our values and beliefs. These influences are called cognitive biases and it can be difficult to identify them in ourselves because they're often subconscious.

Practicing self-awareness will allow you to reflect on the beliefs you have and the choices you make. You'll then be better equipped to challenge your own thinking and make improved, unbiased decisions.

One particularly useful tool for critical thinking is the Ladder of Inference . It allows you to test and validate your thinking process, rather than jumping to poorly supported conclusions.

Developing a Critical Thinking Mindset

Combine the above skills with the right mindset so that you can make better decisions and adopt more effective courses of action. You can develop your critical thinking mindset by following this process:

Gather Information

First, collect data, opinions and facts on the issue that you need to solve. Draw on what you already know, and turn to new sources of information to help inform your understanding. Consider what gaps there are in your knowledge and seek to fill them. And look for information that challenges your assumptions and beliefs.

Be sure to verify the authority and authenticity of your sources. Not everything you read is true! Use this checklist to ensure that your information is valid:

• Are your information sources trustworthy ? (For example, well-respected authors, trusted colleagues or peers, recognized industry publications, websites, blogs, etc.)
• Is the information you have gathered up to date ?
• Has the information received any direct criticism ?
• Does the information have any errors or inaccuracies ?
• Is there any evidence to support or corroborate the information you have gathered?
• Is the information you have gathered subjective or biased in any way? (For example, is it based on opinion, rather than fact? Is any of the information you have gathered designed to promote a particular service or organization?)

If any information appears to be irrelevant or invalid, don't include it in your decision making. But don't omit information just because you disagree with it, or your final decision will be flawed and bias.

Now observe the information you have gathered, and interpret it. What are the key findings and main takeaways? What does the evidence point to? Start to build one or two possible arguments based on what you have found.

You'll need to look for the details within the mass of information, so use your powers of observation to identify any patterns or similarities. You can then analyze and extend these trends to make sensible predictions about the future.

To help you to sift through the multiple ideas and theories, it can be useful to group and order items according to their characteristics. From here, you can compare and contrast the different items. And once you've determined how similar or different things are from one another, Paired Comparison Analysis can help you to analyze them.

The final step involves challenging the information and rationalizing its arguments.

Apply the laws of reason (induction, deduction, analogy) to judge an argument and determine its merits. To do this, it's essential that you can determine the significance and validity of an argument to put it in the correct perspective. Take a look at our article, Rational Thinking , for more information about how to do this.

Once you have considered all of the arguments and options rationally, you can finally make an informed decision.

Afterward, take time to reflect on what you have learned and what you found challenging. Step back from the detail of your decision or problem, and look at the bigger picture. Record what you've learned from your observations and experience.

Critical thinking involves rigorously and skilfully using information, experience, observation, and reasoning to guide your decisions, actions and beliefs. It's a useful skill in the workplace and in life.

You'll need to be curious and creative to explore alternative possibilities, but rational to apply logic, and self-aware to identify when your beliefs could affect your decisions or actions.

You can demonstrate a high level of critical thinking by validating your information, analyzing its meaning, and finally evaluating the argument.

Critical Thinking Infographic

See Critical Thinking represented in our infographic: An Elementary Guide to Critical Thinking .

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What is the Critical Thinking Test?

Critical thinking practice test, take a free practice critical thinking test, practice critical thinking test.

Updated November 16, 2023

The Critical Thinking Test is a comprehensive evaluation designed to assess individuals' cognitive capacities and analytical prowess.

This formal examination, often referred to as the critical thinking assessment, is a benchmark for those aiming to demonstrate their proficiency in discernment and problem-solving.

In addition, this evaluative tool meticulously gauges a range of skills, including logical reasoning, analytical thinking, and the ability to evaluate and synthesize information.

This article will embark on an exploration of the Critical Thinking Test, elucidating its intricacies and elucidating its paramount importance. We will dissect the essential skills it measures and clarify its significance in gauging one's intellectual aptitude.

We will examine examples of critical thinking questions, illuminating the challenging scenarios that candidates encounter prompting them to navigate the complexities of thought with finesse.

Before going ahead to take the critical thinking test, let's delve into the realm of preparation. This segment serves as a crucible for honing the skills assessed in the actual examination, offering candidates a chance to refine their analytical blades before facing the real challenge. Here are some skills that will help you with the critical thinking assessment: Logical Reasoning: The practice test meticulously evaluates your ability to deduce conclusions from given information, assess the validity of arguments, and recognize patterns in logic. Analytical Thinking: Prepare to dissect complex scenarios, identify key components, and synthesize information to draw insightful conclusions—a fundamental aspect of the critical thinking assessment. Problem-Solving Proficiency: Navigate through intricate problems that mirror real-world challenges, honing your capacity to approach issues systematically and derive effective solutions. What to Expect: The Critical Thinking Practice Test is crafted to mirror the format and complexity of the actual examination. Expect a series of scenarios, each accompanied by a set of questions that demand thoughtful analysis and logical deduction. These scenarios span diverse fields, from business and science to everyday scenarios, ensuring a comprehensive evaluation of your critical thinking skills. Examples of Critical Thinking Questions Scenario: In a business context, analyze the potential impacts of a proposed strategy on both short-term profitability and long-term sustainability. Question: What factors would you consider in determining the viability of the proposed strategy, and how might it affect the company's overall success? Scenario: Evaluate conflicting scientific studies on a pressing environmental issue.

Question: Identify the key methodologies and data points in each study. How would you reconcile the disparities to form an informed, unbiased conclusion?

Why Practice Matters

Engaging in the Critical Thinking Practice Test familiarizes you with the test format and cultivates a mindset geared towards agile and astute reasoning. This preparatory phase allows you to refine your cognitive toolkit, ensuring you approach the assessment with confidence and finesse.

We'll navigate through specific examples as we proceed, offering insights into effective strategies for tackling critical thinking questions. Prepare to embark on a journey of intellectual sharpening, where each practice question refines your analytical prowess for the challenges ahead.

This is a practice critical thinking test.

The test consists of three questions . 

After you have answered all the questions, you will be shown the correct answers and given full explanations.

Make sure you read and fully understand each question before answering. Work quickly, but don't rush. You cannot afford to make mistakes on a real test .

If you get a question wrong, make sure you find out why and learn how to answer this type of question in the future. 

Six friends are seated in a restaurant across a rectangular table. There are three chairs on each side. Adam and Dorky do not have anyone sitting to their right and Clyde and Benjamin do not have anyone sitting to their left. Adam and Benjamin are not sitting on the same side of the table.

If Ethan is not sitting next to Dorky, who is seated immediately to the left of Felix?

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Critical Thinking Test: Online Preparation & Free Practice Questions – 2024

• Information
• Free Example Questions

What Is Critical Thinking?

Critical thinking is a form of decision making and reasoning using data and observations. Someone who is a strong critical thinker can find quality solutions efficiently and can evaluate issues objectively.

What Is a Critical Thinking Test?

Critical thinking tests provide companies valuable insight into the leadership, reasoning, and overall capabilities of candidates. Because strong critical thinking skills are highly sought after, the critical thinking test can be applicable to any field and discipline across multiple levels of expertise from recent graduate to executive. However, it is commonly administered to those applying for criminal justice and business-related occupations.

Job seekers with upcoming critical thinking tests will be evaluated on more than their ability to rationalize, critical thinking tests also measure the following subsets:

• Organizing & Planning
• Strategizing
• Decision Making
• Problem Solving

The format of the critical thinking uses hypothetical scenarios to assess candidates. The scenarios are typically relevant to the field you are interested in to assess your knowledge of the role. There will also be general questions concerning more basic issues or problems that commonly occur in a workplace environment.

The critical thinking test is multiple-choice with thirty minutes to complete the assessment. Candidates will receive a notification stating whether or not they passed within a week of completion.

How Is the Critical Thinking Test Scored?

The critical reasoning test is scored based on your raw score and your percentile in comparison with your norm group. It’s important to note that these will not be the same number.

A norm group is a collection of scores from individuals in your field at your level of experience. The percentile score is used to alert employers if you exceed, meet or miss the benchmark for the average expectations of candidates. You will be rated on a scale of one to one hundred with fifty consisting of the mean and median scores.

A raw score is simply the number of correct answers. The critical thinking test comprises your raw score based on the performance in the following areas:

• Recognizing Assumptions The candidate must be able to understand when a statement is made with no supporting evidence and how this can affect a decision. Further, candidates are asked to identify these discrepancies, whether they are stated explicitly or implicitly, and assess its relevance to the given scenario.
• Evaluating Arguments Candidates must evaluate arguments without considering inferences or being subjective. Beyond that, candidates must assess the supporting evidence, the structure of the argument and the degree of its influence. It is very important to dismiss emotions for this portion of the critical thinking test.
• Drawing Conclusions Drawing conclusions puts a large emphasis on reasoning. In this section, it’s important to assess all of the available evidence and data to form a plausible conclusion that accurately applies to all the given information. Employers also want to see candidates that will consider all possible solutions rather than making the evidence fit a desired narrative.

Employers will receive all of this information in a performance report construed by the assessment company. Employers will also be given insight into your overall potential, job knowledge, creativity and job performance per the report.

Where Will I Take a Critical Thinking Test?

Critical thinking tests are non-proctored online assessments that are typically sent via email after an initial screening. For some occupations, the company may ask that the candidate take the critical thinking test again on-site either before their final interview or during an assessment day. The most common test candidates are asked to take is the Watson Glaser Critical Thinking Appraisal (WGCTA) created by the popular assessment company, Pearson . This assessment company is on their third edition with new scoring and subsets described above. The WGCTA gained popularity because of its ability to assess a candidate’s potential alongside their aptitude. Another established assessment is the SHL Critical Reasoning Battery that contains sixty questions with a thirty-minute time limit. Both of the aforementioned critical thinking tests are multiple choice.

How to Prepare for the Critical Thinking Test?

The critical thinking test is difficult to study for because the test is designed to assess your bare knowledge and raw skills. In order to prepare successfully, it is important to focus on the areas of the test that you can equip yourself for. One aspect of the test that demands preparation is the time limit. Many candidates’ scores are negatively impacted because they skip or guess too many of the questions in an attempt to beat the clock. If you want to optimize your chances of achieving a good score, use online practice tests to acquaint yourself with the time constraint and the general theme of the questions. By utilizing the online practice tests, you can find the pace that works best for you. Another helpful way to prepare is running through sample questions. This way, you can warm-up your brain and gain an understanding of the expectations that both the test and the company have of you.

Free Sample Questions to Practice

• Look over her past quizzes to see what she missed.
• Set aside more time during the week to review the material for the quiz.
• Get to class on early Wednesday and briefly look over the chapters.
• Get a good night’s sleep.
• Parents should find an alternative way to get their kids to school next week.
• The premiums must be over-priced.
• Collective bargaining is no longer a feasible solution.
• Their employers are being unreasonable.
• People in Hawaii dislike living on an island.
• Colder climates induce more happiness than warmer climates.
• The high scores on the Alaska survey were produced by people who enjoy snow.
• People in Hawaii should move to Alaska.
• Jenny’s credit card was declined at the mall.
• Jenny’s bank keeps charging her $30 overdraft fees.
• Jenny’s check bounced when she attempted to purchase a new TV.
• Jenny spends more money than she makes.
• Lori has thirty cans of soda in a refrigerator in her garage and another fourteen sitting on the counter. Lori does not have anymore cans of soda. Therefore, Lori has 44 cans of soda.
• The accounting department loves math. My friend works in the accounting department. My friend loves math.
• Everyone southbound on the freeway yesterday was late to work. Jackie was southbound on the freeway. Jackie was late to work.
• Adrian lives in either Springfield, California, or Springfield, Illinois. If he lives in Illinois, then he is an American.

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Watson Glaser Tests

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• 228 questions

Watson Glaser tests are a form of psychometric assessment that fall under the category of critical thinking tests. They are designed to determine how well an individual can process information from a logical perspective, and then evaluate, analyse and make sound judgements. As such, they are commonly used in the recruitment process for professions that rely on these skills.

What is a Watson Glaser test?

Watson Glaser test is a comprehensive psychometric assessment that falls under the category of critical thinking tests. It is designed to determine how well an individual can process information from a logical perspective, and then evaluate, analyze and make sound judgments. Watson Glaser test is commonly used in the recruitment process for professions that rely on these skills.

Watson Glaser tests have been around since 1925 when they were first developed by American psychologists Goodwin Watson and Edwin Glaser. Subject to many revisions and improvements over the years, they are now produced by test publisher TalentLens and are considered one of the most trusted methods of evaluating critical reasoning.

Critical thinking is a complex skill that requires the ability to interpret information, differentiate fact from fallacy, draw evidence-based conclusions and identify sound arguments, all while remaining objective.

Like many critical thinking tests , the Watson Glaser test measures these skills through verbal information: that is, statements or passages of text from which an individual is required to make deductions and inferences, pinpoint assumptions needed to validate a proposition, and weigh up the strength of an argument.

These are inherent skills, more prominent in some than others. The Watson Glaser test, therefore, requires no prior knowledge. Success relies on existing knowledge being put to one side, the sole focus being the evidence laid out in each question.

You may be asked to sit a Watson Glaser test by the potential employer if applying for a graduate, professional or managerial level position in a sector where critical thinking is a prerequisite. Watson Glaser Critical Thinking Appraisal is most commonly used in the legal sector, but also the selection process of organizations like the Bank of England.

The test may be used for screening purposes in the initial stages of the hiring process, or at a later date as part of an assessment day .

What is the format of a Watson Glaser test?

The Watson Glaser test is a timed, multiple-choice assessment, the most recent version of which consists of 40 critical reasoning questions with a 30-minute time constraint.

Questions are split across five areas of logical reasoning ability:

Drawing inferences

To draw inferences is essential to make an educated guess based on the evidence in front of you, without being swayed by any pre-existing knowledge or subconscious bias.

You’ll be presented with a short paragraph, followed by a set of inferred statements. Potential employees need to critically analyse the information in the given paragraph to determine if these statements are true, probably true, false, probably false, or if there is insufficient proof to determine either way.

Recognising assumptions

Assumptions relating to what we understand to be true without needing solid proof. They are the underlying facts that give an argument its validity.

In this section of the test, you’ll be presented with a statement and a set of assumptions. If the statement relies on the assumption being true, you would mark it as ‘assumption made’.

If the assumption is irrelevant to the statement or bears no weight on its validity, you would mark it as ‘assumption not made.

Deductive reasoning is the act of arriving at a fact-based conclusion through a logical thought process. A deduction differs from an assumption in that it is what we take away from an argument, as opposed to the facts on which an argument needs to stand.

Based solely on the evidence presented in a statement or short paragraph, you’ll need to determine if a list of conclusions does or does not logically follow the information in front of you.

Interpreting

The interpretation section of the Watson Glaser test is similar to the deduction section, in that you’ll be asked to determine whether a given conclusion can logically be drawn from an argument.

However, with these questions, you’ll need to be able to identify significant pieces of information and decide if a logical interpretation can be applied in support of the conclusion in question.

Evaluating arguments

This last section looks at your ability to separate a weak argument from a strong one. It is designed to test your impartial evaluation of arguments, not your personal opinion.

A question will be posted, followed by a set of arguments on either side of the debate. You’ll need to decide if an argument is relevant and challenging, and therefore strong, or vague and unrealistic, and therefore weak.

What skills does it look to measure?

The five sections combined to give an overall picture of your performance in key areas, and measure your ability to:

Define a problem

Select key points of information to formulate a solution

Understand when an assumption has been made, and when it has not

Hypothesise, or select an applicable hypothesis based on limited evidence

Draw fact-based conclusions

Determine the probability of an inference

What is a passing score on the Watson Glaser tests?

The results of your Watson Glaser test will be assessed against a norm group: individuals of a comparative educational background or professional standing – within a relevant field – that have previously sat the exam.

It is therefore difficult to state an exact pass score on the test since it depends entirely on the performance of your peers. Ideally, you’d look to reach 75% and above to give yourself a competitive edge.

Which professions use Watson Glaser tests, and why?

Watson Glaser tests are used to assess suitability for several occupations including those in the medical profession, marketing, and education. Those critical reasoning tests are most common in law firms and professional services sectors.

Many positions in law, banking, and finance, for example, require that an individual make informed decisions that can be justified, are rooted in fact, and are free from bias. Since critical thinking is an essential skill here, employers use Watson Glaser tests to determine how well-suited a candidate is for these professions.

How to prepare for a Watson Glaser test

Practice is the first port of call when preparing for your Watson Glaser test. Although critical thinking is an inherent skill, it can be nurtured and improved upon.

Watson Glaser tests are built around a model known as RED . Try to keep this in mind as you approach both practice tests and daily tasks.

The components associated with the RED model are:

Recognising assumptions . Instead of simply taking things at face value, such as the news or a part of a conversation with a friend or co-worker, ask yourself if what you’re hearing can be classified as true, and what the facts are that back it up. Are they evidential, or based on assumptions?

Evaluating arguments . We’re all guilty of seeking out information that confirms our perspective. Instead, actively look for opinions that contradict your own and assess them from an objective point of view. The better you become at seeing both sides of a story, the more prepared you’ll be to critically evaluate arguments in your Watson Glaser test.

Drawing conclusions . Try to get used to drawing fact-based conclusions, rather than those based on emotional reactions or subconscious bias. These conclusions may not align with your perspective, but a Watson Glaser test requires that you conclude impartially – and as with most things in life, practice makes perfect here.

The tests were well suited to the job that I’ve applied for. They are easy to do and loads of them.

Tips for Watson Glaser tests

Study the practice questions.

In the official test, you’ll have the opportunity to complete practice questions. These are there for a reason, so use them wisely. Each section of the test differs slightly in its approach, and the more comfortable you are with what is being asked of you, the more clearly you’ll be able to approach the problem.

Leave instinct and intuition at the door

To succeed on a Watson Glaser test, you need to go against human nature and ignore everything you think you know. Each question will contain all the relevant information you need. Whether you believe it to be true, agree with it, or not, is irrelevant. For the sake of the test, evaluate only the information given. Any outside knowledge should temporarily be forgotten.

Examine each question carefully

The key to strategic critical thinking is to fully understand what is being presented. You cannot draw a valid conclusion, or understand what assumptions support an argument, if you do not fully comprehend what is put forward. You may feel the need to rush under the time pressure, but attention to detail is vital.

Look for keywords and phrases

The statement, proposition or paragraph of text at the start of each question will inevitably include keywords or phrases that relate directly to the assumptions, inferences or conclusions given. These are your clues. Identify them, and you’ll find it much easier to analyse each scenario objectively.

Split your time evenly

Remember, you have a set amount of time to work through all five sections of the test. Split this evenly across the board before you start, and keep track of how much time you spend on each question. It may seem counterintuitive to add to the pressure, but in setting yourself a time frame, you eliminate the risk of dedicated excessive attention to any one part of the test.

For further advice, check out our full set of tips for Watson Glaser tests .

Practice Aptitude Tests is not associated with Watson Glaser. We provide preparation services for Watson Glaser psychometric tests. Our tests are not designed to be identical to any style, employer or industry. Visit https://www.talentlens.co.uk/product/watson-glaser/ to find out more.

Watson Glaser Tests FAQs

How does watson glaser define critical thinking.

According to the methodology behind Watson Glaser tests, critical thinking is the ability to observe a scenario and consider it from various perspectives, whilst identifying what is fact, what is assumed and what is mere opinion. In doing so, you should be able to draw logical conclusions and use these for informed decision making.

How can I improve my critical thinking skills?

Critical thinking is a part of our daily lives; we’re just not always aware that we’re doing it. To improve your skills, tune in to the world around you, ask questions, read actively and look for evidence in every statement or argument you come across. Take practice tests regularly to assess your progress.

Is the Watson Glaser test hard?

Watson Glaser tests are considered among the most challenging of all critical thinking assessments, since they test five separate aspects of logical reasoning ability . Time constraints also add to the pressure. That said, they are typically no harder than the careers for which they test your suitability, and with dedicated practice, you can hone your skills and make critical thinking second nature.

Where can I practice Watson Glaser tests?

There are multiple online resources available to help you prepare for your Watson Glaser test, including our own free practice tests . We recommended you work through these questions to familiarise yourself with the format and improve your critical thinking skills.

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Reviews of our Watson Glaser tests

What our customers say about our Watson Glaser tests

Jozef Bailey

United Kingdom

April 05, 2022

Doesn't cover all aspects of Watson-Glaser tests but useful

The WGCTA uses more categories to assess critical thinking, but this was useful for the inference section.

April 01, 2022

Just practicing for an interview

Good information and liked that it had a countdown clock, to give you that real feel in the test situation.

Jerico Kadhir

March 31, 2022

Aptitude test

It was OK, I didn't understand personally whether or not the "cannot say" option was acceptable or not in a lot of the questions, as it may have been a trick option.

Salvarina Viknesuari

March 15, 2022

I like the test because the platform is simple and engaging while the test itself is different than most of the Watson Glaser tests I've taken.

Alexis Sheridan

March 02, 2022

Some of the ratios were harder than I thought!

I like how clear the design and layout is - makes things very easy (even if the content itself is not!)

Cyril Lekgetho

February 17, 2022

Mental arithmetic

I enjoyed the fact that there were multiple questions pertaining to one passage of information, rather than multiple passages. However I would've appreciated a more varied question type.

Madupoju Manish

February 16, 2022

Analytics are the best questions

I like the test because of its time schedule. The way the questions are prepared makes it easy to crack the original test.

Chelsea Franklin

February 02, 2022

Interesting

I haven't done something like this for ages. Very good for the brain - although I certainly experienced some fog whilst doing it.

[email protected]

January 04, 2022

Population/exchange rates were the hardest

Great test as it felt a bit time pressured. Very different types of questions in terms of difficulty.

faezeh tavakoli

January 02, 2022

More attention to detail + be more time conscious

It was asking about daily stuff we all deal with, but as an assessment it's scrutinising how we approach these problems.

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• A Model for the National Assessment of Higher Order Thinking
• International Critical Thinking Essay Test
• Online Critical Thinking Basic Concepts Test
• Online Critical Thinking Basic Concepts Sample Test

Consequential Validity: Using Assessment to Drive Instruction

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Critical Thinking Testing and Assessment

The purpose of assessment in instruction is improvement. The purpose of assessing instruction for critical thinking is improving the teaching of discipline-based thinking (historical, biological, sociological, mathematical, etc.) It is to improve students’ abilities to think their way through content using disciplined skill in reasoning. The more particular we can be about what we want students to learn about critical thinking, the better we can devise instruction with that particular end in view.

The Foundation for Critical Thinking offers assessment instruments which share in the same general goal: to enable educators to gather evidence relevant to determining the extent to which instruction is teaching students to think critically (in the process of learning content). To this end, the Fellows of the Foundation recommend:

that academic institutions and units establish an oversight committee for critical thinking, and

that this oversight committee utilizes a combination of assessment instruments (the more the better) to generate incentives for faculty, by providing them with as much evidence as feasible of the actual state of instruction for critical thinking.

The following instruments are available to generate evidence relevant to critical thinking teaching and learning:

Course Evaluation Form : Provides evidence of whether, and to what extent, students perceive faculty as fostering critical thinking in instruction (course by course). Machine-scoreable.

Online Critical Thinking Basic Concepts Test : Provides evidence of whether, and to what extent, students understand the fundamental concepts embedded in critical thinking (and hence tests student readiness to think critically). Machine-scoreable.

Critical Thinking Reading and Writing Test : Provides evidence of whether, and to what extent, students can read closely and write substantively (and hence tests students' abilities to read and write critically). Short-answer.

International Critical Thinking Essay Test : Provides evidence of whether, and to what extent, students are able to analyze and assess excerpts from textbooks or professional writing. Short-answer.

Commission Study Protocol for Interviewing Faculty Regarding Critical Thinking : Provides evidence of whether, and to what extent, critical thinking is being taught at a college or university. Can be adapted for high school. Based on the California Commission Study . Short-answer.

Protocol for Interviewing Faculty Regarding Critical Thinking : Provides evidence of whether, and to what extent, critical thinking is being taught at a college or university. Can be adapted for high school. Short-answer.

Protocol for Interviewing Students Regarding Critical Thinking : Provides evidence of whether, and to what extent, students are learning to think critically at a college or university. Can be adapted for high school). Short-answer. 

Criteria for Critical Thinking Assignments : Can be used by faculty in designing classroom assignments, or by administrators in assessing the extent to which faculty are fostering critical thinking.

Rubrics for Assessing Student Reasoning Abilities : A useful tool in assessing the extent to which students are reasoning well through course content.  

All of the above assessment instruments can be used as part of pre- and post-assessment strategies to gauge development over various time periods.

Consequential Validity

All of the above assessment instruments, when used appropriately and graded accurately, should lead to a high degree of consequential validity. In other words, the use of the instruments should cause teachers to teach in such a way as to foster critical thinking in their various subjects. In this light, for students to perform well on the various instruments, teachers will need to design instruction so that students can perform well on them. Students cannot become skilled in critical thinking without learning (first) the concepts and principles that underlie critical thinking and (second) applying them in a variety of forms of thinking: historical thinking, sociological thinking, biological thinking, etc. Students cannot become skilled in analyzing and assessing reasoning without practicing it. However, when they have routine practice in paraphrasing, summariz­ing, analyzing, and assessing, they will develop skills of mind requisite to the art of thinking well within any subject or discipline, not to mention thinking well within the various domains of human life.

For full copies of this and many other critical thinking articles, books, videos, and more, join us at the Center for Critical Thinking Community Online - the world's leading online community dedicated to critical thinking!   Also featuring interactive learning activities, study groups, and even a social media component, this learning platform will change your conception of intellectual development.

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How to Prepare for a Critical Thinking Test: Effective Strategies and Tips

Preparing for a critical thinking test can be challenging, as it requires you to use your intellectual skills to critically analyze evidence and reach logical conclusions. Critical thinking tests, sometimes known as critical reasoning tests, are often used by employers to evaluate how a candidate makes logical deductions after scrutinizing the evidence provided, while avoiding fallacies or non-factual opinions.

Understanding the fundamentals of critical thinking tests and familiarizing yourself with the types of questions you may encounter can greatly improve your chances of success. Additionally, consistent practice, mastering the art of deduction, and learning how to evaluate evidence effectively will also help you perform well on a critical thinking test.

Key Takeaways

• Familiarize yourself with the fundamentals and types of questions in a critical thinking test.
• Practice regularly and hone your deduction and evidence evaluation skills.
• Understand the relevance and application of critical thinking tests in various sectors.

Understanding Critical Thinking

Critical thinking skills.

Critical thinking is the ability to scrutinize evidence using intellectual skills and reflective abilities to reach clear, coherent, and logical conclusions, rather than just accepting information as it is provided 1 . It involves a range of logical skills that are essential for effective decision-making and problem-solving. Some of the key critical thinking skills include:

• Analyzing and evaluating information : Breaking down complex ideas, evaluating the quality of the information, and determining the relevance of various pieces of information.
• Identifying arguments and assumptions : Recognizing the structure of an argument, identifying hidden assumptions, and evaluating the strength of the underlying premises.
• Logical reasoning : Applying rules of logic and reasoning to make valid inferences and deductions based on provided information.
• Creative problem-solving : Thinking out of the box and using non-conventional methods to find new solutions to problems.
• Open-mindedness : Being willing to consider alternative perspectives and approaches, and resisting confirmation bias by questioning your own beliefs and assumptions.

Strategies to Enhance Critical Thinking Ability

Developing strong critical thinking skills requires practice and active engagement. Here are a few strategies to enhance your critical thinking abilities:

• Question everything : Cultivate curiosity by asking questions about what you read, hear, and observe.
• Practice active listening : Pay attention to the speaker and try to understand their perspective.
• Be aware of cognitive biases : Familiarize yourself with common biases and consciously try to avoid them.
• Develop reflective thinking : Reflect on your thoughts, beliefs, and assumptions to understand how they shape your decisions and actions.
• Exercise your brain : Engage in activities that challenge your mind, such as solving puzzles, learning new skills, or reading widely.

By incorporating these strategies into your daily life, you can improve your critical thinking skills to better prepare for critical thinking tests and be more effective in decision-making and problem-solving scenarios.

• Psychometric Success – Critical Thinking Tests ↩

Fundamentals of Critical Thinking Test

Evaluation of arguments.

Critical thinking tests assess an individual’s ability to evaluate arguments from various perspectives. Candidates are often required to decipher underlying assumptions, identify logical inconsistencies, and draw accurate conclusions from the provided information. A well-prepared candidate can understand the evidence and draw logical and coherent conclusions, rejecting any false or misleading information.

Types of Critical Thinking Tests

There are different types of critical thinking tests available online, covering a range of question formats and testing methods. Some tests focus on analyzing written passages, while others present the information in diagrams or charts. Most tests evaluate an individual’s ability to:

• Identify, understand, and evaluate assumptions
• Draw inferences and determine the validity of conclusions
• Evaluate the strength and relevance of arguments

Regardless of the test format, candidates need to be familiar with the structure and know how to approach each question type effectively.

Importance of Critical Thinking Tests for Employers

For employers, critical thinking tests play a vital role in the application process. Employers use these tests to assess a candidate’s ability to scrutinize evidence, make logical deductions, and avoid fallacies or non-factual opinions. This evaluation is essential in deciding whether an individual is suitable for a role that requires complex decision-making, troubleshooting, or problem-solving skills.

Overall, the fundamentals of critical thinking tests revolve around the ability to evaluate arguments, understand various test types, and recognize their significance in the employment process. Aspiring candidates should sharpen their critical thinking skills and acquaint themselves with different question formats to excel in these tests.

Guidelines to Prepare for the Test

Assessing and recognizing assumptions.

Before taking a critical thinking test, it’s essential to understand the importance of recognizing underlying assumptions in various scenarios. An argument may seem valid on the surface, but assumptions that have not been justified can weaken it. To prepare, practice identifying assumptions by evaluating different arguments and assessing the logical connections between them. Recognizing assumptions is crucial for making logical decisions during the test.

Drawing Logical Conclusions

A critical component of critical thinking is drawing logical conclusions based on the information provided. To master this skill, begin with analyzing different scenarios and identifying the relevant details. This process involves making inferences and connecting multiple pieces of information to arrive at a sound conclusion. Engage in activities that challenge your interpretation and decision-making abilities, as these skills will be beneficial on assessment day.

Implementing Problem Solving Techniques

Problem solving is an integral part of critical thinking tests. To strengthen your problem-solving capabilities, start by working on various multiple-choice questions that require analytical thinking. Identify the best course of action and always consider the possible consequences. Additionally, practice working under a time limit to become more efficient and precise in your methods. Establishing a systematic approach to problem solving will greatly enhance your performance on the test.

Sharpening Deduction Skills

Deduction is the process of making specific conclusions based on general principles. To improve your deduction skills, practice working on exercises that involve multiple-choice questions and scenarios where you must draw logical connections. Focus on understanding the fundamental principles and reasoning behind each situation. This will enable you to make informed and logical decisions during the test.

In conclusion, enhancing your critical thinking skills requires diligent practice and an understanding of key principles. By following the guidelines above, you can confidently prepare for the test and emerge with a strong foundation in critical thinking.

Critical Thinking Tests in Different Sectors

Critical thinking in the legal sector.

In the legal sector, critical thinking tests play a significant role in assessing job applicants. One popular test used for this purpose is the Watson Glaser Critical Thinking Appraisal . This test evaluates a candidate’s ability to think logically and analytically while avoiding subconscious biases.

Lawyers are often expected to efficiently analyze complex situations and make logical deductions based on the evidence they gather. This skill is invaluable for law professionals, which is why companies prefer administering critical thinking skill tests for hiring purposes.

Critical Thinking in the Banking Sector

The banking sector similarly places great importance on critical thinking abilities. SHL Critical Reasoning Battery is commonly utilized in the banking industry to assess candidates’ logical reasoning and decision-making skills. You can practice critical thinking tests here .

Banks need employees who can make well-founded decisions and effectively handle intricate financial scenarios. Assessing critical thinking skills during recruitment ensures that companies hire professionals with the ability to make rational choices and excel in their roles.

In both sectors, it is crucial for candidates to undergo critical thinking tests to demonstrate their ability to think logically and analytically, contributing to the overall success of the organization.

Relevant Psychometric Assessments

When preparing for a critical thinking test, it is important to familiarize yourself with relevant psychometric assessments that employers might use to evaluate your cognitive abilities. Two widely known assessments are the Watson Glaser Critical Thinking Appraisal and the SHL Critical Reasoning Battery .

Watson Glaser Critical Thinking Appraisal

The Watson Glaser Critical Thinking Appraisal is a popular psychometric test that measures an individual’s ability to interpret, analyze, and evaluate information. This test helps employers assess a candidate’s critical thinking skills, which are essential for problem-solving and decision-making in various roles.

The Watson Glaser test covers five main areas:

• Recognition of assumptions
• Interpretation
• Evaluation of arguments

By understanding these categories and practicing relevant questions, you can effectively prepare for the Watson Glaser Critical Thinking Appraisal and showcase your ability to think critically.

SHL Critical Reasoning Battery

Another important test to be aware of is the SHL Critical Reasoning Battery . This assessment evaluates a candidate’s aptitude for logical reasoning and analysis, focusing on their ability to identify alternative interpretations and make well-informed decisions.

The SHL Critical Reasoning Battery typically includes three types of assessments:

• Verbal reasoning
• Numerical reasoning
• Inductive reasoning

Each type of assessment measures different cognitive abilities, making it necessary for candidates to practice and develop their skills in all three areas to perform well during the test.

In conclusion, preparing for a critical thinking test requires understanding the relevant psychometric assessments, such as the Watson Glaser Critical Thinking Appraisal and the SHL Critical Reasoning Battery. By focusing on the specific categories and cognitive abilities assessed in these tests, you can improve your critical thinking skills and increase your chances of success in the recruitment process.

Approach to Sample Questions

Interpreting information.

When preparing for a critical thinking test, it is essential to practice interpreting information. This skill involves the ability to understand and analyze the given data in order to draw logical conclusions. To enhance your interpretation skills, consider different question formats as well as various types of data, such as charts, tables, and passages. By exposing yourself to diverse information, you’ll improve your capability to discern what is relevant and make informed decisions.

Evaluating Arguments

Another critical component of preparing for a critical thinking test is evaluating arguments. This process requires analyzing an argument’s structure, as well as its strengths and weaknesses. In particular, focus on the argument’s premises, conclusions, and underlying assumptions. In order to develop the necessary evaluation skills, practice dissecting various arguments and maintain a neutral, objective mindset. This will enable you to discern whether the argument is valid, sound, or flawed.

Recognizing Assumptions

Recognizing assumptions is a crucial aspect of critical thinking, as it involves identifying biases, values, and beliefs underlying the presented information. Make a habit of questioning assumptions and considering alternative viewpoints. As you practice recognizing assumptions, challenge yourself to consider counterarguments and explore different perspectives. Developing this skill will enable you to approach sample questions with a more open mind and balanced judgment.

Practice Tests

Taking practice tests is an invaluable method of preparing for critical thinking exams. Practice tests expose you to a variety of question types, allowing you to get a feel for the format and structure of the test. Furthermore, practice tests provide you with the opportunity to identify areas for improvement and monitor your progress. By dedicating time to practicing test questions and analyzing your results, you can enhance your critical reasoning skills and better prepare yourself for the actual exam.

Remember, your raw score will be compared to a norm group to determine your relative performance in higher education or employment settings. By following these guidelines for interpreting information, evaluating arguments, recognizing assumptions, and taking practice tests, you will be well-equipped to excel in critical thinking tests, demonstrating your ability to make sound judgments.

Preparing for a critical thinking test involves a combination of honing your intellectual and reflective skills. One key aspect is to practice regularly with different test assessments to familiarize yourself with the format and question types.

When working on test questions, focus on understanding the context and read the given information thoroughly. Be particularly attentive to the question’s phrasing, as misinterpretation could lead to incorrect answers. Remind yourself to be cautious of assumptions, and check for logical fallacies in both the presented information and your own thought process.

Develop a habit of staying organized and ensuring your reasoning is coherent. In cases where creative problem-solving is needed, balance cold logic with out-of-the-box thinking. Self-awareness and a neutral, clear mindset can significantly improve your critical thinking abilities .

Lastly, persistence and dedication are crucial in refining your critical thinking skills. Be prepared to invest time and effort into this process, and do not become disheartened if you face difficulties along the way. Remember to learn from your mistakes, adapt your strategies, and you will undoubtedly see progress in your critical thinking capabilities.

Frequently Asked Questions

What are the key elements to focus on while practicing.

To prepare for a critical thinking test effectively, it’s important to focus on a few key elements while practicing. These include evaluating arguments, assessing evidence, understanding the structure and logic of an argument, and ensuring that emotions or personal opinions do not influence conclusions. Along with these elements, improving one’s problem-solving skills is crucial for success in the test.

How can one improve problem-solving skills?

Improving problem-solving skills involves breaking down complex problems into manageable components, identifying the root cause of a problem, and developing a systematic approach to find the solution. Practicing brain-teasers, puzzles, and logical reasoning questions can help sharpen these skills, making it easier to tackle critical thinking problems on the test.

What are the best sources for critical thinking test samples?

The best sources for critical thinking test samples are reputable websites and platforms that offer practice tests and resources tailored to the specific critical thinking test format. Some examples include Psychometric Success , Practice Aptitude Tests , and Practice4Me . These platforms offer sample questions, tips, and techniques to help candidates familiarize themselves with the test format and content.

How essential is time management in critical thinking tests?

Time management is an important aspect of critical thinking tests, as candidates are often required to solve problems and analyze situations within a limited timeframe. Developing efficient time management skills can help test-takers allocate appropriate time for each question, avoid spending too long on a single problem, and ensure that they have enough time to complete the entire test.

What strategies can be employed to enhance logical reasoning?

To enhance logical reasoning capabilities, candidates can practice understanding relationships between different statements, identifying assumptions and premises, and deducing conclusions from given information. Engaging in activities such as solving puzzles, participating in debates, and analyzing deductive and inductive reasoning can also help to further develop logical reasoning skills.

How can one effectively analyze arguments during the test?

Analyzing arguments effectively during a critical thinking test involves evaluating the evidence presented, understanding the structure of the argument, determining the validity of the argument, and identifying potential fallacies or biased reasoning. To achieve this, test-takers should practice critically analyzing various types of arguments, focusing on the logical and evidentiary components, and maintaining a neutral and objective viewpoint throughout the process.

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What Are Critical Thinking Skills and Why Are They Important?

Learn what critical thinking skills are, why they’re important, and how to develop and apply them in your workplace and everyday life.

We often use critical thinking skills without even realizing it. When you make a decision, such as which cereal to eat for breakfast, you're using critical thinking to determine the best option for you that day.

Critical thinking is like a muscle that can be exercised and built over time. It is a skill that can help propel your career to new heights. You'll be able to solve workplace issues, use trial and error to troubleshoot ideas, and more.

We'll take you through what it is and some examples so you can begin your journey in mastering this skill.

What is critical thinking?

Critical thinking is the ability to interpret, evaluate, and analyze facts and information that are available, to form a judgment or decide if something is right or wrong.

More than just being curious about the world around you, critical thinkers make connections between logical ideas to see the bigger picture. Building your critical thinking skills means being able to advocate your ideas and opinions, present them in a logical fashion, and make decisions for improvement.

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Why is critical thinking important?

Critical thinking is useful in many areas of your life, including your career. It makes you a well-rounded individual, one who has looked at all of their options and possible solutions before making a choice.

According to the University of the People in California, having critical thinking skills is important because they are [ 1 ]:

Crucial for the economy

Essential for improving language and presentation skills

Very helpful in promoting creativity

Important for self-reflection

The basis of science and democracy 

Critical thinking skills are used every day in a myriad of ways and can be applied to situations such as a CEO approaching a group project or a nurse deciding in which order to treat their patients.

Examples of common critical thinking skills

Critical thinking skills differ from individual to individual and are utilized in various ways. Examples of common critical thinking skills include:

Identification of biases: Identifying biases means knowing there are certain people or things that may have an unfair prejudice or influence on the situation at hand. Pointing out these biases helps to remove them from contention when it comes to solving the problem and allows you to see things from a different perspective.

Research: Researching details and facts allows you to be prepared when presenting your information to people. You’ll know exactly what you’re talking about due to the time you’ve spent with the subject material, and you’ll be well-spoken and know what questions to ask to gain more knowledge. When researching, always use credible sources and factual information.

Open-mindedness: Being open-minded when having a conversation or participating in a group activity is crucial to success. Dismissing someone else’s ideas before you’ve heard them will inhibit you from progressing to a solution, and will often create animosity. If you truly want to solve a problem, you need to be willing to hear everyone’s opinions and ideas if you want them to hear yours.

Analysis: Analyzing your research will lead to you having a better understanding of the things you’ve heard and read. As a true critical thinker, you’ll want to seek out the truth and get to the source of issues. It’s important to avoid taking things at face value and always dig deeper.

Problem-solving: Problem-solving is perhaps the most important skill that critical thinkers can possess. The ability to solve issues and bounce back from conflict is what helps you succeed, be a leader, and effect change. One way to properly solve problems is to first recognize there’s a problem that needs solving. By determining the issue at hand, you can then analyze it and come up with several potential solutions.

How to develop critical thinking skills

You can develop critical thinking skills every day if you approach problems in a logical manner. Here are a few ways you can start your path to improvement:

1. Ask questions.

Be inquisitive about everything. Maintain a neutral perspective and develop a natural curiosity, so you can ask questions that develop your understanding of the situation or task at hand. The more details, facts, and information you have, the better informed you are to make decisions.

2. Practice active listening.

Utilize active listening techniques, which are founded in empathy, to really listen to what the other person is saying. Critical thinking, in part, is the cognitive process of reading the situation: the words coming out of their mouth, their body language, their reactions to your own words. Then, you might paraphrase to clarify what they're saying, so both of you agree you're on the same page.

3. Develop your logic and reasoning.

This is perhaps a more abstract task that requires practice and long-term development. However, think of a schoolteacher assessing the classroom to determine how to energize the lesson. There's options such as playing a game, watching a video, or challenging the students with a reward system. Using logic, you might decide that the reward system will take up too much time and is not an immediate fix. A video is not exactly relevant at this time. So, the teacher decides to play a simple word association game.

Scenarios like this happen every day, so next time, you can be more aware of what will work and what won't. Over time, developing your logic and reasoning will strengthen your critical thinking skills.

Learn tips and tricks on how to become a better critical thinker and problem solver through online courses from notable educational institutions on Coursera. Start with Introduction to Logic and Critical Thinking from Duke University or Mindware: Critical Thinking for the Information Age from the University of Michigan.

Article sources

University of the People, “ Why is Critical Thinking Important?: A Survival Guide , https://www.uopeople.edu/blog/why-is-critical-thinking-important/.” Accessed May 18, 2023.

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Coursera staff.

Editorial Team

Coursera’s editorial team is comprised of highly experienced professional editors, writers, and fact...

This content has been made available for informational purposes only. Learners are advised to conduct additional research to ensure that courses and other credentials pursued meet their personal, professional, and financial goals.

What Is the Watson Glaser Test?

Who uses the watson glaser test and why, why is it so important to be a critical thinker, what is the watson glaser red model, how to pass a watson glaser test in 2024, how to prepare for a watson glaser critical appraisal in 2024, frequently asked questions, the watson glaser critical thinking appraisal.

Updated November 20, 2023

Modern employers have changed the way that they recruit new candidates. They are no longer looking for people who have the technical skills on paper that match the job description.

Instead, they are looking for candidates who can demonstrably prove that they have a wider range of transferrable skills.

One of those key skills is the ability to think critically .

Firms (particularly those in sectors such as law, finance, HR and marketing ) need to know that their employees can look beyond the surface of the information presented to them.

They want confidence that their staff members can understand, analyze and evaluate situations or work-related tasks. There is more on the importance of critical thinking later in this article.

This is where the Watson Glaser Critical Thinking test comes into play.

The Watson Glaser critical thinking test is a unique assessment that provides a detailed analysis of a participant’s ability to think critically.

The test lasts 30 minutes and applicants can expect to be tested on around 40 questions in five distinct areas :

Assumptions

Interpretation.

The questions are multiple-choice and may be phrased as true/false statements in a bid to see how well the participant has understood and interpreted the information provided.

Employers around the world use it during recruitment campaigns to help hiring managers effectively filter their prospective candidates .

The Watson Glaser test has been used for more than 85 years; employers trust the insights that the test can provide.

In today’s competitive jobs market where every candidate has brought the best of themselves, it can be increasingly difficult for employers to decide between applicants. On paper, two candidates may appear identical, with a similar level of education, work experience, and even interests and skills.

But that does not necessarily mean both or either of them is right for the job.

There is much information available on creating an effective cover letter and resume, not to mention advice on making a good impression during an interview.

As a result, employers are increasingly turning to psychometric testing to look beyond the information that they have.

They want to find the right fit: someone who has the skills that they need now and in the future. And with recruitment costs rising each year, making the wrong hiring decision can be catastrophic.

This is where the Watson Glaser test can help.

It can provide hiring managers with the additional support and guidance they need to help them make an informed decision.

The Watson Glaser test is popular among firms working in professional services (such as law, banking and insurance) . It is used for recruitment for junior and senior positions and some of the world’s most recognized establishments are known for their use of the test.

The Bank of England, Deloitte, Hiscox, Linklaters and Hogan Lovells are just a few employers who enhance their recruitment processes through Watson Glaser testing.

Critical thinking is all about logic and rational thought. Finding out someone’s critical thinking skill level is about knowing whether they can assess whether they are being told the truth and how they can use inferences and assumptions to aid their decision-making.

If you are working in a high-pressure environment, having an instinctive ability to look beyond the information provided to the underlying patterns of cause-and-effect can be crucial to do your job well.

Although it is often thought of concerning law firms and finance teams, it is easy to see how critical thinking skills could be applied to a wide range of professions.

For example, HR professionals dealing with internal disputes may need to think critically. Or social workers and other health professionals may need to use critical thinking to assess whether someone is vulnerable and in need of help and support when that person does not or cannot say openly.

Practice Watson Glaser Test with JobTestPrep

Critical thinking is about questioning what you already know . It is about understanding how to find the facts and the truth about a situation or argument without being influenced by other people’s opinions .

It is also about looking at the bigger picture and seeing how decisions made now may have short-term benefits but long-term consequences.

For those working in senior managerial roles, this ability to think objectively can make a big difference to business success.

As part of the critical thinking assessment, the Watson Glaser Test focuses on the acronym, 'RED':

• R ecognize assumptions
• E valuate arguments
• D raw conclusions

Put simply, the RED model ensures you can understand how to move beyond subconscious bias in your thinking. It ensures that you can identify the truth and understand the differences between fact and opinion.

To recognize assumptions , you must understand yourself and others: what your thought patterns and past experiences have led you to conclude about the world.

Evaluating arguments requires you to genuinely consider the merits of all options in a situation, and not just choose the one you feel that you ‘ought’ to.

Finally, to draw an accurate and beneficial conclusion you must trust your decision-making and understanding of the situation.

Watson Glaser Practice Test Questions & Answers

As mentioned earlier, the Watson Glaser Test assesses five core elements. Here, they will be examined in more depth:

This part of the test is about your ability to draw conclusions based on facts . These facts may be directly provided or may be assumptions that you have previously made.

Within the assessment, you can expect to be provided with a selection of text. Along with the text will be a statement.

You may need to decide whether that statement is true, probably true, insufficient data (neither true nor false), probably false or false.

The test looks to see if your answer was based on a conclusion that could be inferred from the text provided or if it is based on an assumption you previously made.

Watson Glaser Practice Test

Example Statement:

500 students recently attended a voluntary conference in New York. During the conference, two of the main topics discussed were issues relating to diversity and climate change. This is because these are the two issues that the students selected that are important to them.

Many people make decisions based on assumptions. But you need to be able to identify when assumptions are being made.

Within the Watson Glaser test , you will be provided with a written statement as well as an assumption.

You will be asked to declare whether that assumption was made in the text provided or not .

This is an important part of the test; it allows employers to understand if you have any expectations about whether things are true or not . For roles in law or finance, this is a vital skill.

We need to save money, so we’ll visit the local shops in the nearest town rather than the local supermarket

As a core part of critical thinking, 'deduction' is the ability to use logic and reasoning to come to an informed decision .

You will be presented with several facts, along with a variety of conclusions. You will be tasked with confirming whether those conclusions can be made from the information provided in that statement.

The answers are commonly in a ‘Yes, it follows/No, it does not follow’ form.

It is sometimes sunny on Wednesdays. All sunny days are fun. Therefore…

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Critical thinking is also about interpreting the information correctly. It is about using the information provided to come to a valuable, informed decision .

Like the deduction questions, you will be provided with a written statement, which you must assume to be true.

You will also be provided with a suggested interpretation of that written statement. You must decide if that interpretation is correct based on the information provided, using a yes/no format.

A study of toddlers shows that their speech can change significantly between the ages of 10 months and three years old. At 1 year old, a child may learn their first word whereas at three years old they may know 200 words

Evaluation of Arguments

This final part requires you to identify whether an argument is strong or weak . You will be presented with a written statement and several arguments that can be used for or against it. You need to identify which is the strongest argument and which is the weakest based on the information provided.

Should all 18-year-olds go to college to study for a degree after they have graduated from high school?

There are no confirmed pass/fail scores for Watson Glaser tests; different sectors have different interpretations of what is a good score .

Law firms, for example, will require a pass mark of at least 75-80% because the ability to think critically is an essential aspect of working as a lawyer.

As a comparative test, you need to consider what the comparative ‘norm’ is for your chosen profession. Your score will be compared to other candidates taking the test and you need to score better than them.

It is important to try and score as highly as you possibly can. Your Watson Glaser test score can set you apart from other candidates; you need to impress the recruiters as much as possible.

Your best chance of achieving a high score is to practice as much as possible in advance.

Everyone will have their own preferred study methods, and what works for one person may not necessarily work for another.

However, there are some basic techniques everyone can use, which will enhance your study preparation ahead of the test:

Step 1 . Pay Attention to Online Practice Tests

There are numerous free online training aids available; these can be beneficial as a starting point to your preparation.

However, it should be noted that they are often not as detailed as the actual exam questions.

When researching for online test questions, make sure that any questions are specific to the Watson Glaser Test , not just critical thinking.

General critical thinking questions can help you improve your skills but will not familiarize you with this test. Therefore, make sure you practice any questions which follow the ‘rules’ and structure of a Watson Glaser Test .

Step 2 . Paid-for Preparation Packs Can Be Effective

If you are looking for something that mimics the complexity of a Watson Glaser test , you may wish to look at investing in a preparation pack.

There are plenty of options available from sites such as JobTestPrep . These are often far more comprehensive than free practice tests.

They may also include specific drills (which take you through each of the five stages of the test) as well as study guides, practice tests and suggestions of how to improve your score.

Psychologically, if you have purchased a preparation pack, you may be more inclined to increase your pre-test practice/study when compared to using free tools, due to having invested money.

Step 3 . Apply Critical Thinking to All Aspects of Your Daily Routine

The best way to improve your critical thinking score is to practice it every day.

It is not just about using your skills to pass an exam question; it is about being able to think critically in everyday scenarios. Therefore, when you are reading the news or online articles, try to think whether you are being given facts or you are making deductions and assumptions from the information provided.

The more you practice your critical thinking in these scenarios, the more it will become second nature to you.

You could revert to the RED model: recognize the assumptions being made, by you and the author; evaluate the arguments and decide which, if any, are strong; and draw conclusions from the information provided and perhaps see if they differ from conclusions drawn using your external knowledge.

Prepare for Watson Glaser Test

Nine Top Tips for Ensuring Success in Your Watson Glaser Test

If you are getting ready to participate in a Watson Glaser test, you must be clear about what you are being asked to do.

Here are a few tips that can help you to improve your Watson Glaser test score.

1. Practice, Practice, Practice

Critical thinking is a skill that should become second nature to you. You should practice as much as possible, not just so that you can pass the test, but also to feel confident in using your skills in reality.

2. The Best Success Is Based on the Long-Term Study

To succeed in your Watson Glaser test , you need to spend time preparing. Those who begin studying in the weeks and months beforehand will be far more successful than those who leave their study to the last minute.

3. Acquaint Yourself With the Test Format

The Watson Glaser test has a different type of question to other critical thinking tests. Make sure that you are aware of what to expect from the test questions. The last thing you want is to be surprised on test day.

4. Read the Instructions Carefully

This is one of the simplest but most effective tips. Your critical thinking skills start with understanding what you are being asked to do. Take your time over the question. Although you may only have 30 minutes to complete the test, it is still important that you do not rush through and submit the wrong answers. You do not get a higher score if you finish early, so use your time wisely.

5. Only Use the Information Provided in the Question

Remember, the purpose of the test is to see if you can come to a decision based on the provided written statement. This means that you must ignore anything that you think you already know and focus only on the information given in the question.

6. Widen Your Non-Fictional Reading

Reading a variety of journals, newspapers and reports, and watching examples of debates and arguments will help you to improve your skills. You will start to understand how the same basic facts can be presented in different ways and cause people to draw different conclusions. From there, you can start to enhance your critical thinking skills to go beyond the perspective provided in any given situation.

7. Be Self-Aware

We all have our own biases and prejudices whether we know them or not. It is important to think about how your own opinions and life experiences may impact how you perceive and understand situations. For example, someone who has grown up with a lot of money may have a different interpretation of what it is like to “go without”, compared to someone who has grown up in extreme poverty. It is important to have this self-awareness as it is important for understanding other people; this is useful if you are working in sectors such as law.

8. Read the Explanations During Your Preparation

To make the most of practice tests, make sure you read the analysis explaining the answers, regardless of if you got the question right or wrong. This is the crux of your study; it will explain the reasoning why a certain answer is correct, and this will help you understand how to choose the correct answers.

9. Practice Your Timings

You know that you will have five sections to complete in the test. You also know that you have 30 minutes to complete the test. Therefore, make sure that your timings are in sync within your practice, so you can work your way through the test in its entirety. Time yourself on how long each section takes you and put in extra work on your slowest.

What score do you need to pass the Watson Glaser test?

There is no standard benchmark score to pass the Watson Glaser test . Each business sector has its own perception of what constitutes a good score and every employer will set its own requirements.

It is wise to aim for a Watson Glaser test score of at least 75%. To score 75% or higher, you will need to correctly answer at least 30 of the 40 questions.

The employing organization will use your test results to compare your performance with other candidates within the selection pool. The higher you score in the Watson Glaser test , the better your chances of being hired.

Can you fail a Watson Glaser test?

It is not possible to fail a Watson Glaser test . However, your score may not be high enough to meet the benchmark set by the employing organization.

By aiming for a score of at least 75%, you stand a good chance of progressing to the next stage of the recruitment process.

Are Watson Glaser tests hard?

Many candidates find the Watson Glaser test hard. The test is designed to assess five different aspects of logical reasoning skills. Candidates must work under pressure, which adds another dimension of difficulty.

By practicing your critical thinking skills, you can improve your chances of achieving a high score on the Watson Glaser test .

How do I prepare for Watson Glaser?

To prepare for Watson Glaser , you will need to practice your critical thinking abilities. This can be achieved through a range of activities; for example, reading a variety of newspapers, journals and other literature.

Try applying the RED model to your reading – recognize the assumptions being made (both by you and the writer), evaluate the arguments and decide which of these (if any) are strong.

You should also practice drawing conclusions from the information available to you.

Online Watson Glaser practice assessments are a useful way to prepare for Watson Glaser. These practice tests will give you an idea of what to expect on the day, although the questions are not usually as detailed as those in the actual test.

You might also consider using a paid-for Watson Glaser preparation pack, such as the one available from JobTestPrep . Preparation packs provide a comprehensive test guide, including practice tests and recommendations on how to improve your test score.

How long does the Watson Glaser test take?

Candidates are allowed 30 minutes to complete the Watson Glaser test . The multiple-choice test questions are grouped into five distinct areas - assumptions, deduction, evaluation, inference and interpretation.

Which firms use the Watson Glaser test?

Companies all over the world use the Watson Glaser test as part of their recruitment campaigns.

It is a popular choice for professional service firms, including banking, law, and insurance. Firms using the Watson Glaser test include the Bank of England, Hiscox, Deloitte and Clifford Chance.

How many times can you take the Watson Glaser test?

Most employers will only allow you to take the Watson Glaser test once per application. However, you may take the Watson Glaser test more than once throughout your career.

What is the next step after passing the Watson Glaser test?

The next step after passing the Watson Glaser test will vary between employers. Some firms will ask you to attend a face-to-face interview after passing the Watson Glaser test, others will ask you to attend an assessment center. Speak to the hiring manager to find out the process for the firm you are applying for.

Start preparing in advance for the Watson Glaser test

The Watson Glaser test differs from other critical thinking tests. It has its own rules and formations, and the exam is incredibly competitive. If you are asked to participate in a Watson Glaser test it is because your prospective employer is looking for the ‘best of the best’. Your aim is not to simply pass the test; it is to achieve a higher score than anyone else taking that test .

Therefore, taking the time to prepare for the Watson Glaser test is vital for your chances of success. You need to be confident that you know what you are being asked to do, and that you can use your critical thinking skills to make informed decisions.

Your study is about more than helping you to pass a test; it is about providing you with the skills and capability to think critically about information in the ‘real world’ .

You might also be interested in these other Psychometric Success articles:

Or explore the Aptitude Tests / Test Types sections.

• Aptitude Tests Preparation
• Critical Thinking Tests

Critical Thinking Test Practice ▷ Free Critical Reasoning Samples & Tips 2024

Start Preparing for Your Critical Thinking Test.  This page features a brief introduction, followed by question examples with detailed explanations, and a free test sample.

Table of Contents :

✻  What is a Critical Thinking Test ?

✻  Sample Questions

Related links

✻  Free Critical Thinking Practice Test

✻  Watson Glaser Practice Test

What Is Critical Thinking?

Critical thinking, also known as critical reasoning, is the ability to assess a situation and consider/understand various perspectives, all while acknowledging, extracting and deciphering facts, opinions and assumptions. Critical thinking tests are a sub-type of aptitude exams  or psychometric tests used in pre-employment assessment for jobs reacquiring advanced analytical and learning skills.

The Skills You Will Be Tested On

Critical thinking tests can have 5 major sections or sub-tests that assess and measure a variety of aspects.

1) Inference

In this section, you are asked to draw conclusions from observed or supposed facts. You are presented with a short text containing a set of facts you should consider as true.

Below the text is a statement that could be inferred from the text. You need to make a judgement on whether this statement is valid or not, based on what you have read.

Furthermore, you are asked to evaluate whether the statement is true, probably true, there is insufficient data to determine, probably false, or false.

For example: if a baby is crying and it is his feeding time, you may infer that the baby is hungry. However, the baby may be crying for other reasons—perhaps it is hot.

2) Recognising Assumptions

In this section, you are asked to recognise whether an assumption is justifiable or not.

Here you are given a statement followed by an assumption on that statement. You need to establish whether this assumption can be supported by the statement or not.

You are being tested on your ability to avoid taking things for granted that are not necessarily true. For example, you may say, "I’ll have the same job in three months," but you would be taking for granted the fact that your workplace won't make you redundant, or that you won’t decide to quit and explore various other possibilities.

You are asked to choose between the options of assumption made and assumption not made.

3) Deduction

This section tests your ability to weigh information and decide whether given conclusions are warranted.

You are presented with a statement of facts followed by a conclusion on what you have read. For example, you may be told, "Nobody in authority can avoid making uncomfortable decisions."

You must then decide whether a statement such as "All people must make uncomfortable decisions" is warranted from the first statement.

You need to assess whether the conclusion follows or the conclusion does not follow what is contained in the statement. You can read more about our  deductive logical thinking test resources here. 

4) Interpretation

This section measures your ability to understand the weighing of different arguments on a particular question or issue.

You are given a short paragraph to read, which you are expected to take as true. This paragraph is followed by a suggested conclusion, for which you must decide if it follows beyond a reasonable doubt.

You have the choice of conclusion follows and conclusion does not follow.

5) Evaluation of Arguments

In this section you are asked to evaluate the strength of an argument.

You are given a question followed by an argument. The argument is considered to be true, but you must decide whether it is a strong or weak argument, i.e. whether it is both important and directly related to the question.

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Critical Thinking Question Examples

As there are various forms of critical thinking and critical reasoning, we've provided a number of critical thinking sample questions.

You can take our full Critical Thinking Sample Test to see more questions.

Example 1: Argument Analysis

Read the following:

In a recent study, anthropologists surveyed 250 adults who own pets and 250 adults who do not own pets on their interpersonal capacities. The questions asked of both those who own pets and those who do not own pets included tests for 'computational requirements', that is, tuning in to all the little signals necessary to operate as a couple. While members of each group displayed outstanding interpersonal capacities, in general, the adults who own pets were much more empathetic than those who do not own pets. This indicates that people who are especially empathetic are more likely to adopt a pet in spite of the personal sacrifice and the occasional inconvenience than people who are less empathetic.

Which of the following is true?

• Most of the people surveyed, whether they own pets or do not own pets, displayed outstanding interpersonal capacities.
• The adoption of a pet involves personal sacrifice and occasional inconvenience.
• People with high degrees of empathy are more likely to adopt pets than people with low degrees of empathy.
• Interpersonal capacities entail tuning in to all the little signals necessary to operate as a couple.
• A person's degree of empathy is highly correlated with his or her capacity for personal sacrifice.

The correct answer is C

Answer explanation: In a question of this type, the rule is very simple: the main conclusion of an argument is found either in the first or the last sentence. If, however, the main conclusion appears in the middle of an argument, it will begin with a signal word such as thus, therefore, or so. Regardless of where the main conclusion appears, the rest of the passage will give the reasons why the conclusion is true or should be adopted. The main conclusion in this passage is the last sentence, signaled by the words, 'This indicates that people who are especially empathetic are more likely to adopt a pet than people who are less empathetic'.

Example 2: Argument Practice

A: No. Differential bonuses have been found to create a hostile working environment, which leads to a decrease in the quality and quantity of products .

This argument is:

The correct answer is A (Strong)

Schema of the statement: Differential cash bonuses (productivity↑) → workplace↑

Explanation: This argument targets both the action and the consequences of the action on the object of the statement. It states that the action (implementing differential cash bonuses) has a negative effect on the workplace (a decrease in the quality and quantity of products). Therefore, it is an important argument, one that is relevant for the workplace. Note that this argument does not specifically target differential cash bonuses. Still, they are considered a sub-group of the subject of the argument (differential bonuses).

Example 3 – Interpretations 

Proposed assumption: Vicki and Bill encountered a personal battle because they couldn’t come to terms with their disease.

A. Conclusion follows

B. Conclusion does not follow

The correct answer is B (Conclusion does not follow)

It is plausible that the reason people who suffer from sleep apnoea encounter a personal battle is because of an inability to come to terms with this disease. However, since the passage does not provide an actual reason, you cannot reach this conclusion without reasonable doubt. 

The most common type of Critical Thinking Assessment is the Watson Glaser .

Difficult and time-pressured, the Watsong Glaser Critical Thinking Appraisal (WGCTA) takes a unique testing approach that breaks away from more traditional assessments. To see examples, check out our free Watson Glaser practice test .

Our expertly curated practice programme for the Watson Glaser will provide you with:

• A full-length diagnostic simulation
• Focused practice tests for the different test sections: inferences, assumptions, deductive reasoning, interpretations, and arguments.
• 3 additional full-length simulations
• Interactive tutorials

Or learn more about the Watson Glaser Test

Critical Thinking Tests FAQs

What critical reasoning test am I most likely to take?

Very Likely the Watson-Glaser test

Another popular critical thinking assessment, Watson-Glaser is a well-established psychometric test produced by Pearson Assessments.

The Watson-Glaser test is used for two main purposes: job selection/talent management and academic evaluations. The Watson-Glaser test can be administered online or in-person.

For Watson Glaser practice questions,   click here !

What skills do critical reasoning test measure?

Critical Thinking can refer to various skills:

• Defining the problem
• Selecting the relevant information to solve the problem
• Recognising assumptions that are both written and implied in the text
• Creating hypotheses and selecting the most relevant and credible solutions
• Reaching valid conclusions and judging the validity of inferences

Pearson TalentLens condenses critical thinking into three major areas:

• R ecognise assumptions – the ability to notice and question assumptions, recognise information gaps or unfounded logic. Basically not taking anything for granted.
• E valuate arguments – the ability to analyse information objectively without letting your emotions affect your opinion.
• D raw conclusions – the ability to reach focused conclusions and inferences by considering diverse information, avoiding generalisations and disregarding information that is not available.

These are abilities that employers highly value in their employees, because they come into play in many stages of problem-solving and decision-making processes in the workplace, especially in business, management and law.

Why are critical thinking tests important to employers?

Critical thinking, or critical reasoning, is important to employers because they want to see that when dealing with an issue, you are able to make logical decisions without involving emotions.

Being able to look past emotions will help you to be open-minded, confident, and decisive—making your decisions more logical and sound.

What professions use critical thinking tests?

Below are some professions that use critical thinking tests and assessments during the hiring process as well as some positions that demand critical thinking and reasoning skills:

Preparation Packs for Critical Thinking & Critical Reasoning AssessmentsThe Critical Thinking PrepPack™ provides you with the largest assembly of practice tests, study guides and tutorials.Our tests come complete with straightforward expert explanations and predictive score reports to let you know your skill level as well as your advancement.By using our materials you can significantly increase your potential within a few days and secure yourself better chances to get the job.

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Critical Thinking Test

A Critical Thinking test, also known as a critical reasoning test, determines your ability to reason through an argument logically and make an objective decision. You may be required to assess a situation, recognize assumptions being made, create hypotheses, and evaluate arguments. What questions can I expect? Questions are very likely to be based on the Watson and Glaser Critical Thinking Appraisal model, which contains five sections specially designed to find out how good an individual is at reasoning analytically and logically. The five sections are: Arguments: In the argument section you are tested on your ability to distinguish between arguments that are strong and arguments that are weak. For an argument to be strong, it must be both important and directly related to the question. An argument is weak if it is not directly related to the question, of minor importance, or it confuses correlation with causation (which is incorrectly assuming that just because two things are related, they are the cause of each other). Assumptions: An assumption is something we take for granted. People make many assumptions which may not necessarily be correct; being able to identify these is a key aspect of critical reasoning. An assumption question will include a statement and a number of assumptions. You are required to identify whether an assumption has been made or not. Deductions: In deduction questions you have to draw conclusions based on only the information given in the question and not your own knowledge. You will be provided with a small passage of information and you will need to evaluate a conclusion made based on that passage. If the conclusion cannot be drawn from the information given, then the conclusion does not follow. Interpretation: In these questions you are given a passage of information followed by a proposed conclusion. You are to regard the information you are given as true and decide whether the proposed conclusion logically and beyond doubt follows. Inferences: Inference is a conclusion drawn from supposed or observed facts. It is information that does not appear directly in the given information, but is drawn from it. If, for instance, we go to a public restroom and find the door locked, we will assume/make the inference that it is occupied. Where are Critical Thinking tests used? These tests are used in graduate, professional, and managerial recruitment. They are very common in the legal and banking sector.

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Supplement to Critical Thinking

How can one assess, for purposes of instruction or research, the degree to which a person possesses the dispositions, skills and knowledge of a critical thinker?

In psychometrics, assessment instruments are judged according to their validity and reliability.

Roughly speaking, an instrument is valid if it measures accurately what it purports to measure, given standard conditions. More precisely, the degree of validity is “the degree to which evidence and theory support the interpretations of test scores for proposed uses of tests” (American Educational Research Association 2014: 11). In other words, a test is not valid or invalid in itself. Rather, validity is a property of an interpretation of a given score on a given test for a specified use. Determining the degree of validity of such an interpretation requires collection and integration of the relevant evidence, which may be based on test content, test takers’ response processes, a test’s internal structure, relationship of test scores to other variables, and consequences of the interpretation (American Educational Research Association 2014: 13–21). Criterion-related evidence consists of correlations between scores on the test and performance on another test of the same construct; its weight depends on how well supported is the assumption that the other test can be used as a criterion. Content-related evidence is evidence that the test covers the full range of abilities that it claims to test. Construct-related evidence is evidence that a correct answer reflects good performance of the kind being measured and an incorrect answer reflects poor performance.

An instrument is reliable if it consistently produces the same result, whether across different forms of the same test (parallel-forms reliability), across different items (internal consistency), across different administrations to the same person (test-retest reliability), or across ratings of the same answer by different people (inter-rater reliability). Internal consistency should be expected only if the instrument purports to measure a single undifferentiated construct, and thus should not be expected of a test that measures a suite of critical thinking dispositions or critical thinking abilities, assuming that some people are better in some of the respects measured than in others (for example, very willing to inquire but rather closed-minded). Otherwise, reliability is a necessary but not a sufficient condition of validity; a standard example of a reliable instrument that is not valid is a bathroom scale that consistently under-reports a person’s weight.

Assessing dispositions is difficult if one uses a multiple-choice format with known adverse consequences of a low score. It is pretty easy to tell what answer to the question “How open-minded are you?” will get the highest score and to give that answer, even if one knows that the answer is incorrect. If an item probes less directly for a critical thinking disposition, for example by asking how often the test taker pays close attention to views with which the test taker disagrees, the answer may differ from reality because of self-deception or simple lack of awareness of one’s personal thinking style, and its interpretation is problematic, even if factor analysis enables one to identify a distinct factor measured by a group of questions that includes this one (Ennis 1996). Nevertheless, Facione, Sánchez, and Facione (1994) used this approach to develop the California Critical Thinking Dispositions Inventory (CCTDI). They began with 225 statements expressive of a disposition towards or away from critical thinking (using the long list of dispositions in Facione 1990a), validated the statements with talk-aloud and conversational strategies in focus groups to determine whether people in the target population understood the items in the way intended, administered a pilot version of the test with 150 items, and eliminated items that failed to discriminate among test takers or were inversely correlated with overall results or added little refinement to overall scores (Facione 2000). They used item analysis and factor analysis to group the measured dispositions into seven broad constructs: open-mindedness, analyticity, cognitive maturity, truth-seeking, systematicity, inquisitiveness, and self-confidence (Facione, Sánchez, and Facione 1994). The resulting test consists of 75 agree-disagree statements and takes 20 minutes to administer. A repeated disturbing finding is that North American students taking the test tend to score low on the truth-seeking sub-scale (on which a low score results from agreeing to such statements as the following: “To get people to agree with me I would give any reason that worked”. “Everyone always argues from their own self-interest, including me”. “If there are four reasons in favor and one against, I’ll go with the four”.) Development of the CCTDI made it possible to test whether good critical thinking abilities and good critical thinking dispositions go together, in which case it might be enough to teach one without the other. Facione (2000) reports that administration of the CCTDI and the California Critical Thinking Skills Test (CCTST) to almost 8,000 post-secondary students in the United States revealed a statistically significant but weak correlation between total scores on the two tests, and also between paired sub-scores from the two tests. The implication is that both abilities and dispositions need to be taught, that one cannot expect improvement in one to bring with it improvement in the other.

A more direct way of assessing critical thinking dispositions would be to see what people do when put in a situation where the dispositions would reveal themselves. Ennis (1996) reports promising initial work with guided open-ended opportunities to give evidence of dispositions, but no standardized test seems to have emerged from this work. There are however standardized aspect-specific tests of critical thinking dispositions. The Critical Problem Solving Scale (Berman et al. 2001: 518) takes as a measure of the disposition to suspend judgment the number of distinct good aspects attributed to an option judged to be the worst among those generated by the test taker. Stanovich, West and Toplak (2011: 800–810) list tests developed by cognitive psychologists of the following dispositions: resistance to miserly information processing, resistance to myside thinking, absence of irrelevant context effects in decision-making, actively open-minded thinking, valuing reason and truth, tendency to seek information, objective reasoning style, tendency to seek consistency, sense of self-efficacy, prudent discounting of the future, self-control skills, and emotional regulation.

It is easier to measure critical thinking skills or abilities than to measure dispositions. The following eight currently available standardized tests purport to measure them: the Watson-Glaser Critical Thinking Appraisal (Watson & Glaser 1980a, 1980b, 1994), the Cornell Critical Thinking Tests Level X and Level Z (Ennis & Millman 1971; Ennis, Millman, & Tomko 1985, 2005), the Ennis-Weir Critical Thinking Essay Test (Ennis & Weir 1985), the California Critical Thinking Skills Test (Facione 1990b, 1992), the Halpern Critical Thinking Assessment (Halpern 2016), the Critical Thinking Assessment Test (Center for Assessment & Improvement of Learning 2017), the Collegiate Learning Assessment (Council for Aid to Education 2017), the HEIghten Critical Thinking Assessment (https://territorium.com/heighten/), and a suite of critical thinking assessments for different groups and purposes offered by Insight Assessment (https://www.insightassessment.com/products). The Critical Thinking Assessment Test (CAT) is unique among them in being designed for use by college faculty to help them improve their development of students’ critical thinking skills (Haynes et al. 2015; Haynes & Stein 2021). Also, for some years the United Kingdom body OCR (Oxford Cambridge and RSA Examinations) awarded AS and A Level certificates in critical thinking on the basis of an examination (OCR 2011). Many of these standardized tests have received scholarly evaluations at the hands of, among others, Ennis (1958), McPeck (1981), Norris and Ennis (1989), Fisher and Scriven (1997), Possin (2008, 2013a, 2013b, 2013c, 2014, 2020) and Hatcher and Possin (2021). Their evaluations provide a useful set of criteria that such tests ideally should meet, as does the description by Ennis (1984) of problems in testing for competence in critical thinking: the soundness of multiple-choice items, the clarity and soundness of instructions to test takers, the information and mental processing used in selecting an answer to a multiple-choice item, the role of background beliefs and ideological commitments in selecting an answer to a multiple-choice item, the tenability of a test’s underlying conception of critical thinking and its component abilities, the set of abilities that the test manual claims are covered by the test, the extent to which the test actually covers these abilities, the appropriateness of the weighting given to various abilities in the scoring system, the accuracy and intellectual honesty of the test manual, the interest of the test to the target population of test takers, the scope for guessing, the scope for choosing a keyed answer by being test-wise, precautions against cheating in the administration of the test, clarity and soundness of materials for training essay graders, inter-rater reliability in grading essays, and clarity and soundness of advance guidance to test takers on what is required in an essay. Rear (2019) has challenged the use of standardized tests of critical thinking as a way to measure educational outcomes, on the grounds that  they (1) fail to take into account disputes about conceptions of critical thinking, (2) are not completely valid or reliable, and (3) fail to evaluate skills used in real academic tasks. He proposes instead assessments based on discipline-specific content.

There are also aspect-specific standardized tests of critical thinking abilities. Stanovich, West and Toplak (2011: 800–810) list tests of probabilistic reasoning, insights into qualitative decision theory, knowledge of scientific reasoning, knowledge of rules of logical consistency and validity, and economic thinking. They also list instruments that probe for irrational thinking, such as superstitious thinking, belief in the superiority of intuition, over-reliance on folk wisdom and folk psychology, belief in “special” expertise, financial misconceptions, overestimation of one’s introspective powers, dysfunctional beliefs, and a notion of self that encourages egocentric processing. They regard these tests along with the previously mentioned tests of critical thinking dispositions as the building blocks for a comprehensive test of rationality, whose development (they write) may be logistically difficult and would require millions of dollars.

A superb example of assessment of an aspect of critical thinking ability is the Test on Appraising Observations (Norris & King 1983, 1985, 1990a, 1990b), which was designed for classroom administration to senior high school students. The test focuses entirely on the ability to appraise observation statements and in particular on the ability to determine in a specified context which of two statements there is more reason to believe. According to the test manual (Norris & King 1985, 1990b), a person’s score on the multiple-choice version of the test, which is the number of items that are answered correctly, can justifiably be given either a criterion-referenced or a norm-referenced interpretation.

On a criterion-referenced interpretation, those who do well on the test have a firm grasp of the principles for appraising observation statements, and those who do poorly have a weak grasp of them. This interpretation can be justified by the content of the test and the way it was developed, which incorporated a method of controlling for background beliefs articulated and defended by Norris (1985). Norris and King synthesized from judicial practice, psychological research and common-sense psychology 31 principles for appraising observation statements, in the form of empirical generalizations about tendencies, such as the principle that observation statements tend to be more believable than inferences based on them (Norris & King 1984). They constructed items in which exactly one of the 31 principles determined which of two statements was more believable. Using a carefully constructed protocol, they interviewed about 100 students who responded to these items in order to determine the thinking that led them to choose the answers they did (Norris & King 1984). In several iterations of the test, they adjusted items so that selection of the correct answer generally reflected good thinking and selection of an incorrect answer reflected poor thinking. Thus they have good evidence that good performance on the test is due to good thinking about observation statements and that poor performance is due to poor thinking about observation statements. Collectively, the 50 items on the final version of the test require application of 29 of the 31 principles for appraising observation statements, with 13 principles tested by one item, 12 by two items, three by three items, and one by four items. Thus there is comprehensive coverage of the principles for appraising observation statements. Fisher and Scriven (1997: 135–136) judge the items to be well worked and sound, with one exception. The test is clearly written at a grade 6 reading level, meaning that poor performance cannot be attributed to difficulties in reading comprehension by the intended adolescent test takers. The stories that frame the items are realistic, and are engaging enough to stimulate test takers’ interest. Thus the most plausible explanation of a given score on the test is that it reflects roughly the degree to which the test taker can apply principles for appraising observations in real situations. In other words, there is good justification of the proposed interpretation that those who do well on the test have a firm grasp of the principles for appraising observation statements and those who do poorly have a weak grasp of them.

To get norms for performance on the test, Norris and King arranged for seven groups of high school students in different types of communities and with different levels of academic ability to take the test. The test manual includes percentiles, means, and standard deviations for each of these seven groups. These norms allow teachers to compare the performance of their class on the test to that of a similar group of students.

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Why Schools Need to Change Yes, We Can Define, Teach, and Assess Critical Thinking Skills

Jeff Heyck-Williams (He, His, Him) Director of the Two Rivers Learning Institute in Washington, DC

Today’s learners face an uncertain present and a rapidly changing future that demand far different skills and knowledge than were needed in the 20th century. We also know so much more about enabling deep, powerful learning than we ever did before. Our collective future depends on how well young people prepare for the challenges and opportunities of 21st-century life.

Critical thinking is a thing. We can define it; we can teach it; and we can assess it.

While the idea of teaching critical thinking has been bandied around in education circles since at least the time of John Dewey, it has taken greater prominence in the education debates with the advent of the term “21st century skills” and discussions of deeper learning. There is increasing agreement among education reformers that critical thinking is an essential ingredient for long-term success for all of our students.

However, there are still those in the education establishment and in the media who argue that critical thinking isn’t really a thing, or that these skills aren’t well defined and, even if they could be defined, they can’t be taught or assessed.

To those naysayers, I have to disagree. Critical thinking is a thing. We can define it; we can teach it; and we can assess it. In fact, as part of a multi-year Assessment for Learning Project , Two Rivers Public Charter School in Washington, D.C., has done just that.

Before I dive into what we have done, I want to acknowledge that some of the criticism has merit.

First, there are those that argue that critical thinking can only exist when students have a vast fund of knowledge. Meaning that a student cannot think critically if they don’t have something substantive about which to think. I agree. Students do need a robust foundation of core content knowledge to effectively think critically. Schools still have a responsibility for building students’ content knowledge.

However, I would argue that students don’t need to wait to think critically until after they have mastered some arbitrary amount of knowledge. They can start building critical thinking skills when they walk in the door. All students come to school with experience and knowledge which they can immediately think critically about. In fact, some of the thinking that they learn to do helps augment and solidify the discipline-specific academic knowledge that they are learning.

The second criticism is that critical thinking skills are always highly contextual. In this argument, the critics make the point that the types of thinking that students do in history is categorically different from the types of thinking students do in science or math. Thus, the idea of teaching broadly defined, content-neutral critical thinking skills is impossible. I agree that there are domain-specific thinking skills that students should learn in each discipline. However, I also believe that there are several generalizable skills that elementary school students can learn that have broad applicability to their academic and social lives. That is what we have done at Two Rivers.

Defining Critical Thinking Skills

We began this work by first defining what we mean by critical thinking. After a review of the literature and looking at the practice at other schools, we identified five constructs that encompass a set of broadly applicable skills: schema development and activation; effective reasoning; creativity and innovation; problem solving; and decision making.

We then created rubrics to provide a concrete vision of what each of these constructs look like in practice. Working with the Stanford Center for Assessment, Learning and Equity (SCALE) , we refined these rubrics to capture clear and discrete skills.

For example, we defined effective reasoning as the skill of creating an evidence-based claim: students need to construct a claim, identify relevant support, link their support to their claim, and identify possible questions or counter claims. Rubrics provide an explicit vision of the skill of effective reasoning for students and teachers. By breaking the rubrics down for different grade bands, we have been able not only to describe what reasoning is but also to delineate how the skills develop in students from preschool through 8th grade.

Before moving on, I want to freely acknowledge that in narrowly defining reasoning as the construction of evidence-based claims we have disregarded some elements of reasoning that students can and should learn. For example, the difference between constructing claims through deductive versus inductive means is not highlighted in our definition. However, by privileging a definition that has broad applicability across disciplines, we are able to gain traction in developing the roots of critical thinking. In this case, to formulate well-supported claims or arguments.

Teaching Critical Thinking Skills

The definitions of critical thinking constructs were only useful to us in as much as they translated into practical skills that teachers could teach and students could learn and use. Consequently, we have found that to teach a set of cognitive skills, we needed thinking routines that defined the regular application of these critical thinking and problem-solving skills across domains. Building on Harvard’s Project Zero Visible Thinking work, we have named routines aligned with each of our constructs.

For example, with the construct of effective reasoning, we aligned the Claim-Support-Question thinking routine to our rubric. Teachers then were able to teach students that whenever they were making an argument, the norm in the class was to use the routine in constructing their claim and support. The flexibility of the routine has allowed us to apply it from preschool through 8th grade and across disciplines from science to economics and from math to literacy.

Kathryn Mancino, a 5th grade teacher at Two Rivers, has deliberately taught three of our thinking routines to students using the anchor charts above. Her charts name the components of each routine and has a place for students to record when they’ve used it and what they have figured out about the routine. By using this structure with a chart that can be added to throughout the year, students see the routines as broadly applicable across disciplines and are able to refine their application over time.

Assessing Critical Thinking Skills

By defining specific constructs of critical thinking and building thinking routines that support their implementation in classrooms, we have operated under the assumption that students are developing skills that they will be able to transfer to other settings. However, we recognized both the importance and the challenge of gathering reliable data to confirm this.

With this in mind, we have developed a series of short performance tasks around novel discipline-neutral contexts in which students can apply the constructs of thinking. Through these tasks, we have been able to provide an opportunity for students to demonstrate their ability to transfer the types of thinking beyond the original classroom setting. Once again, we have worked with SCALE to define tasks where students easily access the content but where the cognitive lift requires them to demonstrate their thinking abilities.

These assessments demonstrate that it is possible to capture meaningful data on students’ critical thinking abilities. They are not intended to be high stakes accountability measures. Instead, they are designed to give students, teachers, and school leaders discrete formative data on hard to measure skills.

While it is clearly difficult, and we have not solved all of the challenges to scaling assessments of critical thinking, we can define, teach, and assess these skills . In fact, knowing how important they are for the economy of the future and our democracy, it is essential that we do.

Jeff Heyck-Williams (He, His, Him)

Director of the two rivers learning institute.

Jeff Heyck-Williams is the director of the Two Rivers Learning Institute and a founder of Two Rivers Public Charter School. He has led work around creating school-wide cultures of mathematics, developing assessments of critical thinking and problem-solving, and supporting project-based learning.

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Critical Thinking Assessment: 4 Ways to Test Applicants

In the current age of information overload, critical thinking (CT) is a vital skill to sift fact from fiction. Fake news, scams, and disinformation can have a negative impact on individuals as well as businesses. Ultimately, those with finer CT skills can help to lead their team with logical thinking, evidence-based motivation, and smarter decisions.

Today, most roles require critical thinking skills. And understanding how to test and evaluate critical thinking skills can not only help to differentiate candidates but may even predict job performance .

This article will cover:

What is critical thinking?

• Critical thinking vs problem-solving
• 5 critical thinking sub-skills
• The importance of assessing critical thinking skills
• 4 ways to leverage critical thinking assessments

Critical thinking is the process of analyzing and evaluating information in a logical way. And though a valuable skill since as far back as the early philosophers’ era, it is just as vital today. For candidates to succeed in the digital economy , they need modern thinking skills that help them think critically.

Whether we realize it or not, we process tons of data and information on a daily basis. Everything from social media to online news, data from apps like Strava – and that’s on top of all the key metrics in relation to our professional role.

Without a shadow of a doubt, correctly interpreting information — and recognizing disinformation — is an essential skill in today’s workplace and everyday life. And that’s also why teaching critical thinking skills in education is so important to prepare the next generation for the challenges they will face in the modern workplace.

Critical thinking isn’t about being constantly negative or critical of everything. It’s about objectivity and having an open, inquisitive mind. To think critically is to analyze issues based on hard evidence (as opposed to personal opinions, biases, etc.) in order to build a thorough understanding of what’s really going on. And from this place of thorough understanding, you can make better decisions and solve problems more effectively. Bernard Marr | Source

Today, candidates with CT skills think and reason independently, question data, and use their findings to contribute actively to their team rather than passively taking in or accepting information as fact.

Why are critical thinking skills important?

In the workplace, those with strong CT skills no longer rely on their gut or instinct for their decisions. They’re able to problem-solve more effectively by analyzing situations systematically.

With these skills, they think objectively about information and other points of view and look for evidence to support their findings rather than simply accepting opinions or conclusions as facts.

When employees can turn critical thinking into a habit, it ultimately reduces personal bias and helps them be more open to their teammates’ suggestions — improving how teams collaborate and collectively solve problems.

Critical thinking vs. Problem solving – what’s the difference?

Let’s explore the difference between these two similar concepts in more detail.

Critical thinking is about processing and analyzing information to reach an objective, evidence-based conclusion. Let’s take a look at an example of critical thinking in action:

• A member of the team suggests using a new app they’ve heard about to automate and speed up candidate screening . Some like the idea, but others in the team share reasons why they don’t support the idea. So you visit the software website and look at the key features and benefits yourself, then you might look for reviews about it and ask your HR counterparts what they think of it. The reviews look promising, and a few of your fellow practitioners say it’s worked well for them. Next, you look into the costs compared to the solution your team is already using and calculate that the return on investment (ROI) is good. You arrive at the conclusion that it’d be worth testing the platform with the free trial version and recommend this to your team.

On the other hand, problem solving can involve many of the same skills as critical thinking, such as observing and evaluating. Still, it focuses on identifying business obstacles and coming up with solutions. So, let’s return to the example of the candidate screening software and see how it might work differently in the context of problem-solving :

• For weeks, the talent acquisition team has complained about how long it takes to screen candidates manually. One of the team members decides to look for a solution to their problem. They assess the team’s current processes and resources and how to best solve the issues. In their research, they discover the new candidate screening platform and test out its functionality for a few days. They feel it would benefit the team and suggest it at the next meeting. Great problem solving, HR leader!

What are the 5 sub-skills that make up critical thinking?

Now that we’ve established what CT is, let’s break it down into the 5 core sub-skills that make up a critical thinking mindset .

• Observation : Being observant of your environment is the first step to thinking critically. Observant employees can even identify a potential problem before it becomes a problem.
• Analysis : Once you’ve observed the issue or problem, you can begin to analyze its parts. It’s about asking questions, researching, and evaluating the findings objectively. This is an essential skill, especially for someone in a management role.
• Inference : Also known as construct validity, is about drawing a conclusion from limited information. To do this effectively may require in-depth knowledge of a field. Candidates with this skill can contribute a lot of value to a startup, for instance, where initially, there may be little data available for information processing.
• Communication : This pertains to expressing ideas and your reasoning clearly and persuasively, as well as actively listening to colleagues’ suggestions or viewpoints. When all members of a team or department can communicate and consider different perspectives, it helps tasks (and, well, everything) move along swiftly and smoothly.
• Problem solving : Once you begin implementing a chosen solution, you may still encounter teething problems. At that point, problem solving skills will help you decide on the best solution and how to overcome the obstacles to bring you closer to your goal.

What is a critical thinking assessment test?

Though there are a few different ways to assess critical thinking, such as the Collegiate Learning Assessment, one of the most well-known tests is the Watson Glaser™ Critical Thinking Appraisal .

Critical thinking tests, or critical reasoning tests, are psychometric tests used in recruitment at all levels, graduate, professional and managerial, but predominantly in the legal sector. However, it is not uncommon to find companies in other sectors using critical thinking tests as part of their selection process. This is an intense test, focusing primarily on your analytical, or critical thinking, skills. Source

These tests are usually timed and typically include multiple choice items, short answers or short scenario-based questions to assess students or prospective candidates. They test candidates’ ability to interpret data without bias, find logical links between information, and separate facts from false data .

But how do these tests measure critical thinking?

In addition to educational and psychological testing, many employers today use critical thinking tests to assess a person’s ability to question information — to ask What , Why , and How of the data. A standard critical thinking test breaks down this aptitude by examining the following 5 components:

• assumption – analyzing a scenario to determine if there are any assumptions made
• deduction – the ability to choose which deductions are logical
• evaluating evidence – in support of and against something
• inference – conclusions, drawn from observed facts
• interpretation – interpreting the accuracy of a stated conclusion (based on a scenario)

Why is it important to assess critical thinking skills during the recruitment process?

Critical thinking skills may be considered a soft skill , but it’s become a prerequisite in certain industries, like software, and for many roles. Marketing managers, project managers, accountants, and healthcare professionals, for example, all require a degree of CT skills to perform their roles.

The kinds of businesses that require critical thinking include technology , engineering , healthcare , the legal sector , scientific research, and education . These industries are typically very technical and rely on data . People working in these fields research and use data to draw logical conclusions that help them work smarter and more efficiently.

In the hiring process, test takers with good critical thinking skills stand out . Why? Because they are able to demonstrate their ability to collaborate, problem-solve, and manage pressure in a rational, logical manner. As a result, they’re more likely to make the right business decisions that boost efficiency and, ultimately, a business’s bottom line.

Examples of jobs that rely on critical thinking skills

Critical thinking is not rocket science, but it is an important skill when making decisions — especially when the correct answer is not obvious. Here are a few examples of job roles that rely on critical thinking dispositions:

• computer programmers or developers : may use critical thinking and other advanced skills in a variety of ways, from debugging code to analyzing the problem, finding potential causes, and coming up with suitable solutions. They also use CT when there is no clear roadmap to rely on, such as when building a new app or feature.
• criminologists : must have critical thinking abilities to observe criminal behavior objectively and to analyze the problem in such a way that they can be confident in the conclusions they present to the authorities.
• medical professionals : need to diagnose their patients’ condition through observation, communication, analysis and solving complex problems to decide on the best treatment.
• air traffic controllers: need a super clear, calm head to deal with their high-stress job. They observe traffic, communicate with pilots, and constantly problem-solve to avoid airplane collisions.
• legal professionals : use logic and reasoning to analyze various cases – even before deciding whether they’ll take on a case – and then use their excellent communication skills to sway people over to their reasoning in a trial setting.
• project managers : have to deal with a lot of moving parts at the same time. To successfully keep projects on time and budget, they continually observe and analyze the progress of project components, communicate continually with the team and external stakeholders and work to solve any problems that crop up.

What are the risks of not testing for critical thinking?

By not evaluating critical thinking beforehand, you may end up hiring candidates with poor CT skills. Especially when hiring business leaders and for key positions, this has the potential to wreak havoc on a business. Their inaccurate assumptions are more likely to lead to bad decisions , which could cost the company money .

Weak critical thinking can result in a number of issues for your organization and justifies the expense or added effort of asking your candidate to complete critical thinking tests in the hiring process. For example, poor CT skills may result in:

• making mistakes
• not being able to take action when needed
• working off false assumptions
• unnecessary strain on work relationships

4 ways to assess critical thinking skills in candidates

Now that we’ve seen how important it is for most candidates today to have strong critical thinking skills, let’s take a look at some of the assessment instruments the talent acquisition team can use.

#1 – A homework assignment

A homework assignment is a task that assesses whether test takers have the right skills for a role. If critical thinking is essential for a particular job, you could provide candidates with a homework assignment that specifically tests their ability to:

• accurately interpret relevant evidence
• reach logical conclusions
• judge information skeptically
• communicate their own viewpoint and others’ backed by facts

Tip : use Toggl Hire’s skills screening tests to easily filter out the good candidates first and speed up your hiring process.

#2 – Behavioral and situational interview questions

Ask the candidate to provide examples of situations when they used CT for solving problems or making a decision. This can provide insight into the candidate’s ability to analyze information and make informed decisions. For example:

Critical thinking example questions:

• Tell me about a time when you had to make a really difficult decision at work.
• What would you do in a situation where your manager made a mistake in a presentation or report?
• How would you respond if a colleague shared a new idea or solution with you?
• How do you evaluate the potential outcomes of different actions or decisions?
• Can you describe a situation where you had to think on your feet and come up with a creative solution to a problem?
• How do you ensure that your decision-making is based on relevant and accurate information?

#3 – Discuss the candidate’s critical thinking skills with their references

Additionally, the hiring manager can ask the candidate’s references about how the candidate demonstrated CT skills in the past.

• Can you recall a time when (the candidate) had to convince you to choose an alternative solution to a problem?
• Tell me about a time when (the candidate) had to solve a team disagreement regarding a project.

#4 – Critical thinking tests

Ask the candidate to complete a critical thinking test and score against critical thinking rubrics. You can then share feedback on their test scores with them and explore their willingness to improve their score, if necessary. Or compare their score to other applicants, and prioritize those with higher scores if the role truly requires a critical thinker.

Create your next critical thinking assessment with Toggl Hire

Assessing critical thinking skills is becoming a key component in the hiring process, especially for roles that require a particularly advanced skillset. Critical thinking is a sign of future performance. Candidates that clearly demonstrate these skills have a lot to offer companies, from better decision-making to more productive relationships and cost savings.

If your team needs help automating the screening process, and creating custom skills tests based on specific roles, try Toggl Hire’s skills test questions engine or the Custom Test Builder to create the exact questions you want from scratch.

Juste loves investigating through writing. A copywriter by trade, she spent the last ten years in startups, telling stories and building marketing teams. She works at Toggl Hire and writes about how businesses can recruit really great people.

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How to build critical thinking skills for better decision-making

It’s simple in theory, but tougher in practice – here are five tips to get you started.

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Have you heard the riddle about two coins that equal thirty cents, but one of them is not a nickel? What about the one where a surgeon says they can’t operate on their own son?

Those brain teasers tap into your critical thinking skills. But your ability to think critically isn’t just helpful for solving those random puzzles – it plays a big role in your career. 

An impressive 81% of employers say critical thinking carries a lot of weight when they’re evaluating job candidates. It ranks as the top competency companies consider when hiring recent graduates (even ahead of communication ). Plus, once you’re hired, several studies show that critical thinking skills are highly correlated with better job performance.

So what exactly are critical thinking skills? And even more importantly, how do you build and improve them? 

What is critical thinking?

Critical thinking is the ability to evaluate facts and information, remain objective, and make a sound decision about how to move forward.

Does that sound like how you approach every decision or problem? Not so fast. Critical thinking seems simple in theory but is much tougher in practice, which helps explain why 65% of employers say their organization has a need for more critical thinking. 

In reality, critical thinking doesn’t come naturally to a lot of us. In order to do it well, you need to:

• Remain open-minded and inquisitive, rather than relying on assumptions or jumping to conclusions
• Ask questions and dig deep, rather than accepting information at face value
• Keep your own biases and perceptions in check to stay as objective as possible
• Rely on your emotional intelligence to fill in the blanks and gain a more well-rounded understanding of a situation

So, critical thinking isn’t just being intelligent or analytical. In many ways, it requires you to step outside of yourself, let go of your own preconceived notions, and approach a problem or situation with curiosity and fairness.

It’s a challenge, but it’s well worth it. Critical thinking skills will help you connect ideas, make reasonable decisions, and solve complex problems.

7 critical thinking skills to help you dig deeper

Critical thinking is often labeled as a skill itself (you’ll see it bulleted as a desired trait in a variety of job descriptions). But it’s better to think of critical thinking less as a distinct skill and more as a collection or category of skills. 

To think critically, you’ll need to tap into a bunch of your other soft skills. Here are seven of the most important. 

Open-mindedness

It’s important to kick off the critical thinking process with the idea that anything is possible. The more you’re able to set aside your own suspicions, beliefs, and agenda, the better prepared you are to approach the situation with the level of inquisitiveness you need. 

That means not closing yourself off to any possibilities and allowing yourself the space to pull on every thread – yes, even the ones that seem totally implausible.

As Christopher Dwyer, Ph.D. writes in a piece for Psychology Today , “Even if an idea appears foolish, sometimes its consideration can lead to an intelligent, critically considered conclusion.” He goes on to compare the critical thinking process to brainstorming . Sometimes the “bad” ideas are what lay the foundation for the good ones. 

Open-mindedness is challenging because it requires more effort and mental bandwidth than sticking with your own perceptions. Approaching problems or situations with true impartiality often means:

• Practicing self-regulation : Giving yourself a pause between when you feel something and when you actually react or take action.
• Challenging your own biases: Acknowledging your biases and seeking feedback are two powerful ways to get a broader understanding. 

Critical thinking example

In a team meeting, your boss mentioned that your company newsletter signups have been decreasing and she wants to figure out why.

At first, you feel offended and defensive – it feels like she’s blaming you for the dip in subscribers. You recognize and rationalize that emotion before thinking about potential causes. You have a hunch about what’s happening, but you will explore all possibilities and contributions from your team members.

Observation

Observation is, of course, your ability to notice and process the details all around you (even the subtle or seemingly inconsequential ones). Critical thinking demands that you’re flexible and willing to go beyond surface-level information, and solid observation skills help you do that.

Your observations help you pick up on clues from a variety of sources and experiences, all of which help you draw a final conclusion. After all, sometimes it’s the most minuscule realization that leads you to the strongest conclusion.

Over the next week or so, you keep a close eye on your company’s website and newsletter analytics to see if numbers are in fact declining or if your boss’s concerns were just a fluke. 

Critical thinking hinges on objectivity. And, to be objective, you need to base your judgments on the facts – which you collect through research. You’ll lean on your research skills to gather as much information as possible that’s relevant to your problem or situation. 

Keep in mind that this isn’t just about the quantity of information – quality matters too. You want to find data and details from a variety of trusted sources to drill past the surface and build a deeper understanding of what’s happening. 

You dig into your email and website analytics to identify trends in bounce rates, time on page, conversions, and more. You also review recent newsletters and email promotions to understand what customers have received, look through current customer feedback, and connect with your customer support team to learn what they’re hearing in their conversations with customers.

The critical thinking process is sort of like a treasure hunt – you’ll find some nuggets that are fundamental for your final conclusion and some that might be interesting but aren’t pertinent to the problem at hand.

That’s why you need analytical skills. They’re what help you separate the wheat from the chaff, prioritize information, identify trends or themes, and draw conclusions based on the most relevant and influential facts. 

It’s easy to confuse analytical thinking with critical thinking itself, and it’s true there is a lot of overlap between the two. But analytical thinking is just a piece of critical thinking. It focuses strictly on the facts and data, while critical thinking incorporates other factors like emotions, opinions, and experiences. 

As you analyze your research, you notice that one specific webpage has contributed to a significant decline in newsletter signups. While all of the other sources have stayed fairly steady with regard to conversions, that one has sharply decreased.

You decide to move on from your other hypotheses about newsletter quality and dig deeper into the analytics. 

One of the traps of critical thinking is that it’s easy to feel like you’re never done. There’s always more information you could collect and more rabbit holes you could fall down.

But at some point, you need to accept that you’ve done your due diligence and make a decision about how to move forward. That’s where inference comes in. It’s your ability to look at the evidence and facts available to you and draw an informed conclusion based on those. 

When you’re so focused on staying objective and pursuing all possibilities, inference can feel like the antithesis of critical thinking. But ultimately, it’s your inference skills that allow you to move out of the thinking process and onto the action steps. 

You dig deeper into the analytics for the page that hasn’t been converting and notice that the sharp drop-off happened around the same time you switched email providers.

After looking more into the backend, you realize that the signup form on that page isn’t correctly connected to your newsletter platform. It seems like anybody who has signed up on that page hasn’t been fed to your email list. 

Communication

3 ways to improve your communication skills at work

If and when you identify a solution or answer, you can’t keep it close to the vest. You’ll need to use your communication skills to share your findings with the relevant stakeholders – like your boss, team members, or anybody who needs to be involved in the next steps.

Your analysis skills will come in handy here too, as they’ll help you determine what information other people need to know so you can avoid bogging them down with unnecessary details. 

In your next team meeting, you pull up the analytics and show your team the sharp drop-off as well as the missing connection between that page and your email platform. You ask the web team to reinstall and double-check that connection and you also ask a member of the marketing team to draft an apology email to the subscribers who were missed. 

Problem-solving

Critical thinking and problem-solving are two more terms that are frequently confused. After all, when you think critically, you’re often doing so with the objective of solving a problem.

The best way to understand how problem-solving and critical thinking differ is to think of problem-solving as much more narrow. You’re focused on finding a solution.

In contrast, you can use critical thinking for a variety of use cases beyond solving a problem – like answering questions or identifying opportunities for improvement. Even so, within the critical thinking process, you’ll flex your problem-solving skills when it comes time to take action. 

Once the fix is implemented, you monitor the analytics to see if subscribers continue to increase. If not (or if they increase at a slower rate than you anticipated), you’ll roll out some other tests like changing the CTA language or the placement of the subscribe form on the page.

5 ways to improve your critical thinking skills

Beyond the buzzwords: Why interpersonal skills matter at work

Think critically about critical thinking and you’ll quickly realize that it’s not as instinctive as you’d like it to be. Fortunately, your critical thinking skills are learned competencies and not inherent gifts – and that means you can improve them. Here’s how:

• Practice active listening: Active listening helps you process and understand what other people share. That’s crucial as you aim to be open-minded and inquisitive.
• Ask open-ended questions: If your critical thinking process involves collecting feedback and opinions from others, ask open-ended questions (meaning, questions that can’t be answered with “yes” or “no”). Doing so will give you more valuable information and also prevent your own biases from influencing people’s input.
• Scrutinize your sources: Figuring out what to trust and prioritize is crucial for critical thinking. Boosting your media literacy and asking more questions will help you be more discerning about what to factor in. It’s hard to strike a balance between skepticism and open-mindedness, but approaching information with questions (rather than unquestioning trust) will help you draw better conclusions. 
• Play a game: Remember those riddles we mentioned at the beginning? As trivial as they might seem, games and exercises like those can help you boost your critical thinking skills. There are plenty of critical thinking exercises you can do individually or as a team . 
• Give yourself time: Research shows that rushed decisions are often regrettable ones. That’s likely because critical thinking takes time – you can’t do it under the wire. So, for big decisions or hairy problems, give yourself enough time and breathing room to work through the process. It’s hard enough to think critically without a countdown ticking in your brain. 

Critical thinking really is critical

The ability to think critically is important, but it doesn’t come naturally to most of us. It’s just easier to stick with biases, assumptions, and surface-level information. 

But that route often leads you to rash judgments, shaky conclusions, and disappointing decisions. So here’s a conclusion we can draw without any more noodling: Even if it is more demanding on your mental resources, critical thinking is well worth the effort.

Advice, stories, and expertise about work life today.

Critical thinking definition

Critical thinking, as described by Oxford Languages, is the objective analysis and evaluation of an issue in order to form a judgement.

Active and skillful approach, evaluation, assessment, synthesis, and/or evaluation of information obtained from, or made by, observation, knowledge, reflection, acumen or conversation, as a guide to belief and action, requires the critical thinking process, which is why it's often used in education and academics.

Some even may view it as a backbone of modern thought.

However, it's a skill, and skills must be trained and encouraged to be used at its full potential.

People turn up to various approaches in improving their critical thinking, like:

• Developing technical and problem-solving skills
• Engaging in more active listening
• Actively questioning their assumptions and beliefs
• Seeking out more diversity of thought
• Opening up their curiosity in an intellectual way etc.

Is critical thinking useful in writing?

Critical thinking can help in planning your paper and making it more concise, but it's not obvious at first. We carefully pinpointed some the questions you should ask yourself when boosting critical thinking in writing:

• What information should be included?
• Which information resources should the author look to?
• What degree of technical knowledge should the report assume its audience has?
• What is the most effective way to show information?
• How should the report be organized?
• How should it be designed?
• What tone and level of language difficulty should the document have?

Usage of critical thinking comes down not only to the outline of your paper, it also begs the question: How can we use critical thinking solving problems in our writing's topic?

Let's say, you have a Powerpoint on how critical thinking can reduce poverty in the United States. You'll primarily have to define critical thinking for the viewers, as well as use a lot of critical thinking questions and synonyms to get them to be familiar with your methods and start the thinking process behind it.

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Critical thinking.

The origin of the debates on the relevance of critical thinking can be traced back to the times of the Greek philosopher – Socrates. What is critical thinking and what makes it important in today’s age and time? At a time when employers give so much prominence to critical thinking skills how can one improve one’s existing skills? Can critical thinking practice exercises help you with it? Let’s find answers to all these questions in this article.

What is Critical Thinking?

Critical thinking can be defined as a way of thinking that deploys a clear, logical and rational evaluation of things, events, or actions to reach a justified conclusion. It should not be confused with just the accumulation of information and knowledge. It requires an intellectual capacity to discern information skillfully. A person with critical thinking becomes efficient in systematic problem solving, establishing the logic behind ideas, and evaluating cases.

Why is Critical Thinking so important?

Critical thinking holds great significance in all fields of life. Its relevance cannot be contained to a limited number of domains. Be it research, law, education, management, or finance, the worth of critical thinking cannot be undermined less than an asset. Due to its reason oriented approach, critical thinking offers a platform to enhance one’s ability to express. This quality comes handy in all professions that call for good presentation skills.

What else?  Critical thinking also helps to inculcate problem solving skills that today hold a great significance in all professions. It is one phenomenon that holds equal importance in both the fields of science and art. It is true that critical thinking is central to the world science, but that does not make it any less relevant in the world of art and creativity. Creative ideas go through a processing cycle that requires analytical skills to filter and deduce the best of ideas.

Why employers value Critical Thinking skills?

Today employers seek critical thinking as one of the most required qualities in candidates as it builds up skills for independent decision making. A critical thinking test assesses analytical skills within a given spectrum of ideas. This skills set is a crucial component of general aptitude that measures the ability to think with reason and logic. It enables individuals to evaluate situations, analyze trends, and devise strategies for the best possible solutions.

Jobs that use Critical Thinking exercises for evaluation

The legal sector is one of the industries that make an intensive use of critical thinking tests. Jobs that require managerial skills also use these tests to evaluate the decision making aptitude of the candidates. Managers are team leaders and their problem solving and decision making skills are crucial to lead others by example. Other than these, a few more job portfolios that use critical thinking tests include the posts of; business analysts, software engineers, human resource specialists, operation managers, marketing associates, sales representatives, treasurers, chief executives, etc. Critical thinking tests can be challenging for job seekers and it requires a good amount of practice to perform up to the mark.

Critical thinking is a valuable skill and a desirable quotient that employers look up in the job candidates. Candidates need to demonstrate their inner critical thinker by assessing a given set of information and draw conclusions from it. Thereby, highlighting their problem solving and decision making skills. Many times employers put up hypothetical situations during interviews to evaluate the critical thinking skills of candidates. At this stage the candidate’s analytical aptitude holds greater importance than the answer to the question itself. Each job portfolio calls for a different set of critical thinking skills, and the candidate should be aware of the skills listed for his/her job portfolio for test preparation.

Critical thinking contributes to a great extent in the sharpening of various skills that are held high by employers in almost every job field. Major skills include the ability to evaluate, conceptualize, interpret, observe, question, reason, communicate, and synthesize information with reasonable conclusions. Let’s take a deeper look at the top five critical thinking tests –

Top five Critical Thinking skills:

• Analytical Thinking– Critical thinking calls for sharp analytical skills on the part of the candidates to evaluate any set of information. Analytical skills involve logic and reason to understand the dynamics of any problem. Also, they objectively study its pros and cons, and consequently draw reasonable solutions for it. Constituting candidates with sharp analytical skills is an asset for the employers of any job field, making it one of the most sought after qualities for their selection criteria.
• Problem Solving – Problem solving is another significant tool that tops the selection agenda of the employers. Critical thinking not only makes analytical thinking possible, but it also enables to implement all the sorted information into finding solutions for problems. Problem solving skill is an integral constituent of employees in all successful businesses.
• Decision Making – The evaluation of all ideas and problems by critical thinking is driven by reason oriented arguments. Hence, value judgments result in justified decision making.
• Communication Skills – There is no denying to the fact that in all areas of employment, communication is must. Sharing of ideas at work calls for engaging in long and serious discussions with co workers and seniors. Even in the most tensed of scenarios, a candidate can stand apart in performance by sharing valuable ideas in a coherent manner. Communication flows organically when the mind is ripe with organized and substantial information. On the whole it can be said that critical thinking enables good communication by offering clarity of thought.
• Creativity – Critical thinking requires a creative lens to identify patterns from collected information and conceptualize them into ideas. Creative instincts help to foresee and imagine the consequences of the course of action chosen. Creative critical thinking skills also contribute in the evolution of innovative ideas that carry implementation value.

Tips for improving your Critical Thinking skills

It is a fact that none of us uses critical thinking all the time to guide our actions. Still you can improve your existing critical thinking skills by paying attention to the following tips –

• Use an objective approach to reflect upon a topic or idea.
• Take into consideration all the sides of an argument regarding the topic.
• Identify strong and weak points in the argument.
• Find a reasonable argument to justify your own opinion.
• Examine your prejudices and assumptions.
• Identify your aim.
• Revaluate the implication of your potential decision.

Example scenario of a Critical Thinking exercise

When appearing for a critical thinking test, you will be presented with a paragraph of information including data that is both numerical and textual. This set of information will be accompanied by a statement that will ask you to verify the degree of truth in the paragraph with the help of your analytical skills. Usually, such tests include five sections including assumptions, analysis, deduction, inference, and interpretation. Let’s make a more detailed study of these five sections –

• Assumptions –  The candidate is expected to analyze the text with a perspective to look out for any potential assumptions.
• Analysis – The candidate will be presented with a scenario such as whether the state should provide for the cost of medical expenses of the poor. Such questions will be followed by varied arguments in support of and against the given situation. The candidate will use his/her analytical skills to distinguish between the weak and strong sides of the argument.
• Deduction – In this section, the candidate is expected to deduce a conclusion out of a set of deductions made from the given information.
• Inference – This section calls for the candidate to draw upon the set of possible inferences to find out whether they are absolutely true or false, possibly true of false, or inconclusive.
• Interpertation – The last section of the critical thinking test questions the candidate to interpret information from a set of possible conclusions.

More information

While preparing for critical thinking tests, you need to acquire new information as you will be tested on the basis of your existing reservoir of knowledge. All you can do is, sharpen your critical thinking faculties by critical thinking test preparation to draw out the most accurate solutions. You can find out how much the critical thinking test actually counts for your job portfolio by examining when it features during the recruitment procedure. If the critical thinking test features at the beginning of the procedure, it mostly accounts to be a priority skill for the employers. The increasing relevance of these tests taken up by organizations can be attributed to the assurance they bring for the highly skilled performance of the selected candidates.

Should I practice my critical thinking skills?

Passing a critical thinking test, whether at the screening level, interview level, or during an assessment, optimizes the chances of being hired by the particular organization. Hence, it becomes extremely imperative to work for improving critical thinking skills. Remember, you are tested in comparison to other candidates. Overachieving their scores will give you a much better chance in getting the job.

How to assess critical thinking skills in candidates

It’s not always easy to assess critical thinking skills, but there is a solution – a reliable critical thinking skills test.  It’s the ideal way to get accurate data on a candidate’s critical thinking skills as a whole, as well as a wide range of individual skill sets in your candidates. 

TestGorilla’s comprehensive critical thinking skills test can help you determine whether your candidates can evaluate complex challenges and solve problems using a critical thinking approach. Discover more about how to assess critical thinking skills below.

Table of contents

What does critical thinking mean, why candidates’ critical thinking abilities should align with your industry, assessing critical thinking skills with skills tests, what are the benefits of using a critical thinking skills assessment, use testgorilla’s critical thinking tests to hire with confidence.

Top critical thinking skills indicate that a candidate or employee will be able to gather all the information needed for a task or project, objectively assess data, and conclude how to complete tasks based on what they have learned from their research.

Although more information may appear to be useful when solving tasks, what’s essential is having the right facts and data; more can sometimes equal less in terms of deductive reasoning because some facts may be irrelevant in certain situations. As a result, critical thinking also entails filtering out irrelevant data.

Critical thinking skills are made up of a group of sub-skills that help candidates solve problems and complete tasks, such as research and analytical skills, assessing and interpreting information with critical judgment skills, sharing findings with excellent communication skills, and problem-solving skills in the workplace .

Using research and analytical skills to gather and conceptualize data

Candidates with exceptional critical thinking skills should first be able to gather the necessary information for the task at hand. This might include consulting various sources of information and conducting research on the project.

Assessing and evaluating information with critical judgment skills

To approach the task, candidates and employees will need to evaluate the information they’ve gathered using the appropriate approaches. 

Before taking any action, they should objectively evaluate the validity of the research they have gathered to ensure the data is reliable and accurate using objective, critical judgment skills.

For instance, before writing a blog post or article, content writers should evaluate the credibility of their sources, which helps them overcome the challenge of producing a factually accurate piece.

Using data inference to make complex decisions and make conclusions

Candidates and employees must also be able to recognize patterns, trends, or correlations in data to resolve complex problems and arrive at a conclusion. 

For example, learning from the meanings of qualitative or quantitative data related to the marketing funnel, or analyzing conversion or click-through rates to determine how to optimize a marketing strategy.

Sharing findings and receiving advice with communication skills

Employees must be able to communicate effectively to inform their colleagues of their findings when solving problems. This requires not only clear verbal communication skills but also the ability to listen and interpret the advice of colleagues when discussing the next steps needed to solve the problem.

For instance, if your software development team is looking for ways to fix and roll out a cloud license service, team members will need to share what they’ve learned about their clients and listen to other team members to fix the issues and make the service available.

Approaching the problem with problem-solving skills

To solve problems, candidates and employees will need problem-solving skills as part of their critical thinking mindset. This will include:

Breaking the problem down into smaller parts

Using analytical and critical thinking to solve the problem

Implementing the appropriate strategies to address each of the smaller issues

Since each industry requires different critical thinking sub-skills. The strongest candidates will have critical thinking abilities that are relevant to the industry in which they work. Your candidates should demonstrate that they have the necessary critical thinking sub-skills for the vacant position.

Here is a rundown of several industries and the critical thinking skills they require.

Accountant positions

Accounting candidates must have attention to detail to spot anomalies in figures, as well as critical thinking skills to interpret the story behind the numbers . 

They should also be able to use critical thinking and deductive reasoning to understand the causes of numerical anomalies and devise strategies to solve them.

Business analyst roles

Data inference and communication skills are two critical thinking sub-skills that business analysts should possess. Candidates for these positions should be able to make critical decisions and provide feedback to business leaders that can shape the future of the company.

They should also have critical judgment skills that allow them to make crucial decisions to improve the company’s performance.

Teaching and education jobs

Teachers and educators must be able to think critically to teach and mentor students.  If you’re hiring a teacher , can your candidates effectively handle the process of understanding your students’ learning styles, and can they come up with strategies to deliver and teach lessons that are easily understood?

The problem-solving sub-skill is also important in this field when dealing with behavioral issues in the classroom. Teachers will need to identify the cause of behavioral issues and implement methods to resolve and address them using critical thinking dispositions.

They may also be involved in teaching critical thinking skills or cognitive skills to their students, which necessitates a well-planned teaching strategy.

Legal roles

As stated in Lawyer Monthly , critical thinking for legal positions entails remaining objective when inferring case-related information and comparing the information you have with the facts of relevant cases. 

Legal cases also require more than just a recount of the facts related to the case. Candidates must be able to use critical thinking skills to evaluate the strengths of their arguments and present them persuasively and coherently to solve cases.

Software developer/engineer positions

Switchup emphasizes the importance of critical thinking skills for software developers , explaining that solving problems as they arise is made possible with critical thinking.

Two critical thinking sub-skills for software developers are excellent organizational and time management capabilities, as well as problem-solving abilities. 

Can your software developer candidate create successful software solutions using the data provided to them? Can they effectively communicate with their team members to efficiently resolve errors or bugs in their code? 

Marketing / SEO roles

Candidates for SEO positions must be able to conduct ongoing keyword searches and expand on keyword opportunities. Part of this involves researching keywords related to the articles produced by the marketing team and expanding on keyword clusters which also requires critical thinking.

Because you’ll need to look for several critical thinking sub-skills in candidates and employees, here are four steps you can take to assess them with critical thinking skills tests and make the process easier.

Choose from a selection of skills tests to create an assessment and assess your candidates’ critical thinking skills. These might include:

Problem-solving skills  

Communication skills  

Attention to detail

Part of a critical thinking assessment involves requesting candidates to decide on the validity of a conclusive statement by using a set of information and evidence. Look for candidates who recognize which conclusions are linked to the evidence, and which are not; those that can differentiate between these two have top critical thinking skills.

During a critical thinking skills assessment, candidates will be expected to deduce the strength and validity of a set of arguments. Can your candidates deduce which of the arguments adequately support the main statement, and which fail to do so?

Use the results of this part of the assessment and make comparisons between candidates to recognize which candidates have the best critical thinking skills.

How skilled are your candidates at evaluating assumptions? This is another way to assess critical thinking skills using a skills assessment. Candidates who can use deductive reasoning skills to deduce whether an assumption is true have the best critical thinking skills.

Use the results to generate interview questions and invite candidates to the next round.

There are four major advantages to using a critical thinking assessment to test a candidate’s or employee’s critical thinking ability:

Assess critical thinking skills to find out if candidates can enhance productivity

Critical thinking can make a difference in communication and, as a result, productivity in the workplace. For this reason, knowing which candidates have the required critical thinking skills that can boost productivity is crucial; it’s one reason why assessing critical thinking skills is beneficial to your business.

Evaluate critical thinking to learn if candidates can save your organization time

Can your candidates use critical thinking skills to save your organization time when completing a project or task? Assessing critical thinking skills is beneficial as it helps you find out if candidates or employees are capable of this. 

Assessing critical thinking skills with a timed critical thinking assessment is also beneficial as you’ll learn which candidates are the strongest for your organization. Candidates who can correctly solve these challenging deductive reasoning questions within a shorter time than others can potentially help your business save time.

Find out if a candidate’s critical thinking skills suit your business

Since you’ll find out if a candidate’s approach to critical thinking suits your organization by assessing their critical thinking skills, use a critical thinking assessment to help you achieve this for various roles – keep in mind that 75% of professions describe critical thinking as a required skill .

If you’re hiring for many different positions within your organization such as legal secretary roles or lawyer positions, and they all require critical thinking skills, analytical skills, or deductive reasoning abilities, a critical thinking skills test will rigorously test your candidates for each of these particular skills in your business. 

Bridge a critical thinking and analytical skills gap in your organization

The University of Massachusetts suggests that there is ample evidence that critical thinking can be taught , and assessing critical thinking skills can help with this. In the context of the workplace and skills testing, employers can use critical skills test results to assess the baseline of their employees’ critical thinking and analytical skills. 

They can then plan towards suitable training sessions to enhance their analytical and critical thinking skills, which is why assessing critical thinking skills is beneficial. 

For instance, to enhance critical thinking skills, teach your employees to:

Weigh up the pros and cons of a situation

Conduct the right research

Break down projects into smaller sections

Double-check a potential solution to a problem

There’s no denying that critical thinking tests can help you make better hiring decisions. However, keep in mind that there are several sub-skills to consider and that the specific role you’re hiring for will require a distinct set of critical thinking sub-skills.Critical thinking tests can assist you in hiring talent with the right critical thinking skills for your organization. Evaluating critical thinking doesn’t have to be complicated. Hire with confidence by checking out TestGorilla’s critical thinking tests and hire the best, faster and bias-free.

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Critical Thinking Practice Test

Few hours of practice make all the difference.

iPREP - Ace That Test!

Introduction

Critical Thinking Tests are a powerful tool used by educational institutions and employers to evaluate an individual’s ability to think critically and analytically. These tests measure your capacity to analyze information, solve problems, and make decisions, focusing on how you think rather than what you know.

Key facts about Critical Thinking Tests include:

• Purpose: They assess your ability to evaluate, understand, and analyze information, testing your capacity to think logically and make informed decisions.
• Skills Measured: These tests measure cognitive abilities including interpretation, analysis, evaluation, inference, explanation, and self-regulation.
• Format: The tests typically consist of multiple-choice questions based on passages, diagrams, or other forms of data.
• Question Types: They include judging inferences, recognizing assumptions, deduction, interpretation of information, evaluation of arguments, examining definitions, and judging credibility.
• Validity: Studies up to 2021 have shown these tests to be a valid and reliable measure of critical thinking skills, with a moderate validity coefficient of around 0.3 to 0.4.
• Usage: As of 2021, over 20,000 educational institutions and businesses worldwide use Critical Thinking Tests.
• Duration: These tests typically last between 45 to 60 minutes.

Remember, the goal of these tests is to measure your ability to reason, make judgments, and solve problems. They are a testament to your thinking prowess, not your knowledge of specific content.

Did you know?

Critical Thinking Tests, while primarily multiple-choice, often include sections that require written responses, adding a qualitative dimension to the quantitative scoring. Successful test-takers typically exhibit strong problem-solving skills, a keen eye for detail, and an ability to think logically under time pressure.

The tests are usually administered online, making them accessible and convenient. Employers use the results not only to assess a candidate’s critical thinking skills, but also to predict job performance, as studies have shown a correlation between high test scores and workplace success.

Critical Thinking Navigation Pad

Question types explained, preparation strategies, test features, technical facts, results scale & interpretations, frequently asked questions, administration, test provider, critical thinking questions types.

Critical Thinking Tests encompass a variety of question types, each designed to assess different aspects of your critical thinking skills. Here’s an overview of the question types you’ll encounter:

• Judging Inferences: These questions assess your ability to draw logical conclusions from a given set of information. You’ll need to use your analytical skills to infer the most likely outcome based on the data provided.
• Recognizing Assumptions: These questions test your ability to identify underlying assumptions in arguments or statements. This requires a keen eye for detail and the ability to distinguish between explicit information and implicit assumptions.
• Deduction: Deduction questions measure your ability to apply general rules to specific situations. You’ll need to use logical reasoning to deduce the correct answer from the information given.
• Interpretation of Information: These questions evaluate your ability to understand and interpret complex information. You’ll need strong comprehension skills to accurately interpret the data and draw conclusions.
• Evaluation of Arguments: These questions assess your ability to evaluate the strength and validity of different arguments. This requires an understanding of logical reasoning and the ability to identify flaws in arguments.
• Examining Definitions: These questions test your ability to understand and apply definitions. You’ll need to use your comprehension and analytical skills to correctly apply the definitions to different scenarios.
• Judging Credibility: These questions measure your ability to assess the credibility of sources and statements. This requires a critical eye and the ability to distinguish between reliable and unreliable information.

Critical Thinking Tests are composed of various question types, each designed to assess a specific aspect of your critical thinking abilities. The table below provides a concise summary of each question type and the skills necessary to excel in them.

Each of these question types requires a different set of skills, but all of them are rooted in the ability to think critically and analytically. In the following sections, we’ll delve deeper into each question type and provide strategies for tackling them effectively.

Judging Inferences Questions

Judging Inferences questions are a common component of Critical Thinking Tests. They assess your ability to draw logical conclusions from a given set of information. Here’s a comprehensive guide to help you tackle these questions effectively:

Understanding the Question Type

In these questions, you’ll be presented with a statement or a set of facts. Your task is to infer what could be true based on this information. The key here is to avoid making assumptions that aren’t supported by the facts given.

Skills Required

To excel in these questions, you need strong analytical skills and the ability to think logically. You must be able to sift through the information, identify the relevant details, and use these details to draw a logical conclusion.

Strategies for Success

• Read Carefully: Start by reading the given information carefully. Make sure you understand what is being stated before you attempt to draw any conclusions.
• Identify Relevant Information: Not all information provided will be relevant to the inference. Learn to distinguish between necessary details and extraneous information.
• Avoid Assumptions: Only make inferences based on the information given. Avoid bringing in outside knowledge or making assumptions that aren’t directly supported by the facts.
• Think Logically: Use logical reasoning to draw your conclusions. If the given information suggests a certain outcome, that’s the inference you should make.
• Practice: Like any other skill, your ability to make accurate inferences will improve with practice. Use sample questions and practice tests to hone your skills.

Remember, the key to success in Judging Inferences questions is to base your conclusions solely on the information provided, avoiding assumptions and using logical reasoning to guide your thought process. With careful reading, logical thinking, and plenty of practice, you’ll be well-equipped to tackle these questions on your Critical Thinking Test.

Judging Inferences Sample Question

A worldwide study shows that there are behavioral shifts among consumers. 41% said that they are “increasingly looking for ways to save money.” Consumers are largely brand-loyal but shop around for the best prices. Only 12% of consumers have traded-down to buy cheaper brands (such as bottled water), with 11% trading up (with products such as cosmetics). There has been a big shift towards online shopping. 

Proposed inference:

Not all consumer behavior is concerned with saving money.

• Probably true
• Insufficient data
• Probably false

Answer: True This inference can be drawn from the evidence that “Consumers are largely brand-loyal.” The inferential link between the words “largely brand-loyal” and “not all” emphasizes how this inference can be seen as true. It would cease to be true if the inference was given as “All consumer behavior is concerned with making money.”

Recognizing Assumptions Questions

Recognizing Assumptions questions are another key component of Critical Thinking Tests. They evaluate your ability to identify underlying assumptions in arguments or statements. Here’s a comprehensive guide to help you navigate these questions:

In these questions, you’ll be presented with a statement or argument. Your task is to identify any assumptions that the statement or argument is based on. Assumptions are beliefs or ideas that are taken for granted but not explicitly stated.

To excel in these questions, you need a keen eye for detail and the ability to distinguish between explicit information and implicit assumptions. You also need to understand the logic of arguments and how assumptions can underpin them.

• Read Carefully: Start by reading the statement or argument carefully. Make sure you understand it fully before trying to identify any assumptions.
• Understand the Argument: Break down the argument into its constituent parts. Identify the claim being made and the evidence provided to support it.
• Identify the Gap: Look for gaps between the claim and the evidence. These gaps are often filled by assumptions.
• Question the Argument: Ask yourself what needs to be true for the argument to hold. The answers to this question are likely the assumptions.
• Practice: Use sample questions and practice tests to improve your ability to recognize assumptions. The more you practice, the better you’ll get at spotting them.

Remember, the key to success in Recognizing Assumptions questions is to read carefully, understand the argument, and look for gaps between the claim and the evidence. With these strategies and plenty of practice, you’ll be well-prepared to tackle these questions on your Critical Thinking Test.

Recognizing Assumptions Sample Question

The main justification for taxation is to raise money to increase public welfare rather than to limit the choices available for private spending.

Proposed assumption: 

Choices made by private spending will not maximize public welfare. 

• Assumption made
• Assumption not made

Answer: Assumption made This must be presupposed since, if the main justification for taxation is to increase public welfare, then it must be believed that private spending would not do this to the same degree.

Deduction Questions

Deduction questions form an integral part of Critical Thinking Tests. They measure your ability to apply general rules to specific situations. Here’s a comprehensive guide to help you master these questions:

In Deduction questions, you’ll be given a general rule or principle, followed by a specific scenario. Your task is to determine whether the scenario adheres to the rule or principle.

To excel in these questions, you need strong logical reasoning skills. You must be able to understand the general rule and accurately apply it to the specific scenario.

• Understand the Rule: Start by understanding the general rule or principle. Make sure you comprehend it fully before moving on to the scenario.
• Apply the Rule: Next, apply the rule to the specific scenario. Determine whether the scenario follows the rule or violates it.
• Avoid Assumptions: Don’t make assumptions that aren’t supported by the rule. Stick strictly to the rule as it’s presented.
• Think Logically: Use logical reasoning to guide your decision. If the scenario logically follows from the rule, then it adheres to it. If not, it violates the rule.
• Practice: Use sample questions and practice tests to improve your deduction skills. The more you practice, the better you’ll get at applying general rules to specific scenarios.

Remember, the key to success in Deduction questions is to understand the rule, apply it logically to the scenario, and avoid making unsupported assumptions. With these strategies and plenty of practice, you’ll be well-equipped to tackle Deduction questions on your Critical Thinking Test.

Deduction Sample Question

Some economic predictions are accurate for the short-term. All economic predictions that are accurate for the short-term are inaccurate for the long-term. Therefore…

Proposed conclusion:

No economic predictions are accurate for the long-term. 

• Conclusion follows
• Conclusion does not follow

Answer: The conclusion does not follow The conclusion does not follow since we cannot identify from the statements whether there are any economic predictions that are accurate for the long-term. If we look at the structure of the statements in a simplified form, we get “Some A are B. All B are C.” A logical conclusion to this will be “So some A are C.” Looking at this suggested conclusion in terms of the simplified structure, we see that this would not fit, since it would have to be “No A are D.”

Interpretation of Information Questions

Interpretation of Information questions are a significant part of Critical Thinking Tests. They evaluate your ability to understand and interpret complex information. Here’s a comprehensive guide to help you excel in these questions:

In these questions, you’ll be presented with a complex piece of information, which could be a passage, a graph, a table, or any other form of data. Your task is to interpret this information accurately and answer questions based on your interpretation.

To excel in these questions, you need strong comprehension skills and the ability to interpret data in various forms. You also need to be able to draw logical conclusions based on your interpretation.

• Read/Analyze Carefully: Start by carefully reading or analyzing the given information. Make sure you understand it fully before attempting to answer any questions.
• Identify Key Points: Look for the key points in the information. These will often form the basis of the questions.
• Interpret Accurately: Use your comprehension skills to interpret the information accurately. Be careful not to misinterpret or misunderstand the data.
• Answer Based on Information: When answering questions, base your answers strictly on the information given. Avoid bringing in outside knowledge or making assumptions.
• Practice: Use sample questions and practice tests to improve your interpretation skills. The more you practice, the better you’ll get at interpreting complex information.

Remember, the key to success in Interpretation of Information questions is to read or analyze the information carefully, interpret it accurately, and base your answers strictly on the given information. With these strategies and plenty of practice, you’ll be well-prepared to tackle these questions on your Critical Thinking Test.

Interpretation of Information Sample Question

Economic forecasters tend to perform well with three to four-month predictions, but become much less successful beyond this timescale, especially with 22 months or more. The biggest errors occur ahead of economic contractions. This is because, though economies normally have steady but slow growth, when they contract, they do so sharply.

Short-term forecasts (up to four months) of an economy’s performance are normally accurate except when the economy contracts. 

Answer: The conclusion follows

This is drawn from the evidence on the normal success of short-term forecasts (“Economic forecasters tend to perform well within three to four-month predictions”) and the reason for the lack of success when the economy contracts (“though economies normally have steady but slow growth, when they contract, they do so sharply”). In this way, the evidence is sufficient for this conclusion to be drawn beyond a reasonable doubt.

Evaluation of Arguments Questions

Evaluation of Arguments questions are a crucial part of Critical Thinking Tests. They assess your ability to evaluate the strength and validity of different arguments. Here’s a comprehensive guide to help you navigate these questions:

In these questions, you’ll be presented with an argument, which is a claim supported by evidence. Your task is to evaluate the strength of the argument, considering the validity of the claim and the quality of the supporting evidence.

To excel in these questions, you need an understanding of logical reasoning and the ability to identify flaws in arguments. You also need to be able to assess the quality and relevance of the evidence provided.

• Understand the Argument: Start by understanding the claim being made and the evidence provided to support it. Make sure you comprehend the argument fully before attempting to evaluate it.
• Assess the Evidence: Evaluate the quality and relevance of the evidence. Good evidence is reliable, relevant, and directly supports the claim.
• Identify Flaws: Look for any flaws in the argument. These could be logical fallacies, unsupported claims, or irrelevant evidence.
• Evaluate the Argument: Based on your assessment of the evidence and any flaws you’ve identified, evaluate the overall strength of the argument.
• Practice: Use sample questions and practice tests to improve your argument evaluation skills. The more you practice, the better you’ll get at evaluating arguments.

Remember, the key to success in Evaluation of Arguments questions is to understand the argument, assess the evidence, identify any flaws, and evaluate the overall strength of the argument. With these strategies and plenty of practice, you’ll be well-equipped to tackle these questions on your Critical Thinking Test.

Evaluation of Arguments Sample Question

Should tax evasion and theft be seen as equivalent crimes?

No; most people who commit tax evasion wouldn’t also commit theft. 

• The Argument is strong
• The Argument is weak

Answer: Weak argument This doesn’t begin to address the issue since it doesn’t make any reference to the issue of equivalence. As a result, it does not provide a relevant reason.

Examining Definitions Questions

Examining Definitions questions are an integral part of Critical Thinking Tests. They test your ability to understand and apply definitions. Here’s a comprehensive guide to help you master these questions:

In these questions, you’ll be given a definition and a set of scenarios or statements. Your task is to determine which scenarios or statements align with the given definition.

To excel in these questions, you need strong comprehension and analytical skills. You must be able to understand the definition and accurately apply it to different scenarios.

• Understand the Definition: Start by understanding the definition. Make sure you comprehend it fully before attempting to apply it.
• Apply the Definition: Apply the definition to each scenario or statement. Determine whether it aligns with the definition or contradicts it.
• Avoid Assumptions: Don’t make assumptions that aren’t supported by the definition. Stick strictly to the definition as it’s presented.
• Think Logically: Use logical reasoning to guide your decision. If the scenario logically aligns with the definition, then it fits. If not, it doesn’t.
• Practice: Use sample questions and practice tests to improve your skills in examining definitions. The more you practice, the better you’ll get at applying definitions to different scenarios.

Remember, the key to success in Examining Definitions questions is to understand the definition, apply it logically to the scenarios, and avoid making unsupported assumptions. With these strategies and plenty of practice, you’ll be well-equipped to tackle Examining Definitions questions on your Critical Thinking Test.

Examining Definitions Sample Question

“Are you happy with your investment in ABC Holdings?” asked Frank.

“Very much so – it has been a good investment,” said Mary. “I invested in them five years ago and they have given a good return over a period when other investments have achieved much less.”

Of the following, which is the best way to state Mary’s notion of a good investment?

• A good investment is one that produces a higher than predicted return over a given period.
• A good investment is one that produces a higher return than other investments.
• A good investment is one that produces a high return over a period when other investments have not done so.

Answer: The correct answer is 3 This is because it refers to the necessary aspects of the way in which Mary explains her use of the term. It refers to the return as “high” which can be seen to cover her use of the word “good” (since a good return would be seen as a high return). It also refers to the return on investment as being better in relation to returns on other investments, which is another feature of the way in which Mary uses the term. (1) is incorrect. We cannot tell from the way in which Mary uses the term “good investment” whether or not the return on her investment had been predicted as being lower than that which was achieved. (2) is incorrect. Though this captures part of the way in which Mary uses the term “good investment,” it does not make reference to the point that ABC Holdings has done well during a time when other investments have not done so well. In this way, (2) is not sufficiently specific to fit with the way in which Mary uses the term.

Judging Credibility Questions

Judging Credibility questions are a significant part of Critical Thinking Tests. They measure your ability to assess the credibility of sources and statements. Here’s a comprehensive guide to help you excel in these questions:

In these questions, you’ll be presented with a source of information or a statement. Your task is to assess the credibility of the source or the likelihood of the statement being true.

To excel in these questions, you need a critical eye and the ability to distinguish between reliable and unreliable information. You also need to understand the factors that can affect credibility, such as the source’s expertise, bias, and reputation.

• Analyze the Source: Start by analyzing the source of the information. Consider the source’s expertise, bias, reputation, and any other factors that could affect its credibility.
• Evaluate the Statement: Evaluate the statement itself. Consider whether it’s logical, consistent with other known facts, and supported by evidence.
• Consider the Context: Consider the context in which the statement is made. The context can often provide clues about the statement’s credibility.
• Make a Judgment: Based on your analysis, make a judgment about the credibility of the source or the likelihood of the statement being true.
• Practice: Use sample questions and practice tests to improve your skills in judging credibility. The more you practice, the better you’ll get at making these judgments.

Remember, the key to success in Judging Credibility questions is to analyze the source, evaluate the statement, consider the context, and make a reasoned judgment. With these strategies and plenty of practice, you’ll be well-prepared to tackle these questions on your Critical Thinking Test.

Judging Credibility Sample Questions

A research study on the language abilities of parrots has been running for a year. The head of the study, Dr. Polly Atkinson, has extensive experience in working on animal communication. She has recently published the first report on the research.

In the following question, two statements are given: (1) and (2). These statements are underlined and the source of them is given. You need to decide which of the two is the more believable but, if you think that neither one is more believable, then mark (3) as your answer.

(1) Parrots were able to use the majority of the words that they were taught (from “Parrots can talk better than young children” in an article based on the report by Dr. Atkins in “Modern Parenting,” a popular magazine). 

(2) The parrots could mimic a large proportion (83.8%) of the words that they were given over a period of 100 days (from an article by Dr. Atkins in the journal “Animal learning and behavior”).

(3) Neither statement is more believable.

Answer: The correct answer is 2 This is more believable than (1) since it comes from the named expert in this research study. Though (1) is “based on” this expert’s report, it could be that it isn’t an entirely correct interpretation of her findings, especially with the word “use” rather than “mimic” and the reference to parrots being able to “talk better than young children” which is both vague and ambiguous (and is not necessarily claimed by Dr. Atkins).

Preparation Strategies

Preparing for a Critical Thinking Test can seem daunting, but with the right strategies, you can approach the test with confidence and poise. Here’s a comprehensive guide to help you prepare effectively:

1. Understand the Test Format: Start by familiarizing yourself with the format of the test. Understand the different types of questions and what each type assesses. This will help you know what to expect and avoid surprises on test day.

2. Practice Regularly: Regular practice is the key to success. Use sample questions and practice tests to hone your skills. This will not only improve your critical thinking abilities but also help you become familiar with the test format.

3. Review Your Answers: After completing a practice test, review your answers. Understand why you got a question right or wrong. This will help you identify your strengths and weaknesses and guide your preparation.

4. Develop Your Critical Thinking Skills: Critical thinking is a skill that can be developed. Engage in activities that challenge your thinking, such as reading complex material, solving puzzles, or discussing controversial topics.

5. Stay Informed: Stay informed about current events and broad topics. This will not only improve your general knowledge but also help you understand complex issues, which can be beneficial in answering some types of questions.

6. Take Care of Your Health: Good physical health can contribute to good mental performance. Ensure you get enough sleep, eat a healthy diet, and engage in regular physical activity.

7. Stay Calm: Test anxiety can affect your performance. Develop strategies to stay calm, such as deep breathing exercises or mindfulness techniques.

This table presents some effective strategies for preparing for Critical Thinking Tests, along with a brief description and the benefit of each strategy.

Remember, preparing for a Critical Thinking Test is not just about cramming information. It’s about developing your critical thinking skills, understanding the test format, and practicing regularly. With these strategies, you’ll be well-prepared to tackle your Critical Thinking Test. And remember, the goal is not to assess what you know, but how you think. So, approach your preparation with an open mind, a willingness to learn, and a commitment to improving your thinking skills.

“The critical thinking test was definitely the hardest part of the application process. It was a lot of reading comprehension and logic puzzles. I had to really think about the questions and make sure I was understanding them correctly. I also had to be able to identify the assumptions and biases in the arguments. It was a challenge, but I’m glad I took the time to prepare for it.” Source: iPREP customer

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Test Features

Critical Thinking Tests are designed with specific features that allow them to effectively measure an individual’s critical thinking abilities. Here’s an overview of these main features:

Purpose-Driven Design

The design of Critical Thinking Tests is purpose-driven, aimed at assessing an individual’s ability to analyze information, solve problems, and make decisions. The test doesn’t focus on what you know, but rather how you think, making it a valuable tool for educational institutions and employers alike.

Variety of Question Types

Critical Thinking Tests feature a variety of question types, each designed to assess a different aspect of critical thinking. From judging inferences and recognizing assumptions to evaluating arguments and judging credibility, each question type requires a unique set of skills and a different approach.

Time-Bound Assessment

These tests are typically time-bound, adding an element of time management to the skillset being assessed. This feature not only measures your critical thinking abilities but also your ability to perform under pressure.

Multiple-Choice Format

Most Critical Thinking Tests use a multiple-choice format, making them easy to administer and score. This format also allows for a wide range of question types and difficulty levels, providing a comprehensive assessment of your critical thinking skills.

Online Administration

Critical Thinking Tests are usually administered online, making them accessible to individuals worldwide. This feature also allows for immediate scoring and feedback, providing test-takers with valuable insights into their performance.

These features combine to make Critical Thinking Tests a comprehensive, accessible, and effective tool for assessing critical thinking skills. They are designed not just to test your abilities, but to provide you with valuable feedback that can help you improve your thinking skills and enhance your performance in various areas of life.

This table outlines the key skills that are typically assessed by Critical Thinking Tests, along with a brief description and the importance of each skill.

Common Critical Thinking Tests

There are several commonly used Critical Thinking Tests, each designed to measure critical thinking skills in a slightly different way. Here’s an overview of some of the most common ones:

• Watson-Glaser Critical Thinking Appraisal (WGCTA): The WGCTA is one of the most widely used critical thinking tests, favored by many law firms and graduate schools. It measures critical thinking skills across five areas: inference, recognition of assumptions, deduction, interpretation, and evaluation of arguments. The test consists of 40 questions and takes about 30 minutes to complete.
• Cornell Critical Thinking Test (CCTT): The CCTT is a multiple-choice test designed to measure critical thinking skills in students from grades 5 through 12, as well as adults. It assesses skills such as induction, deduction, credibility, identification of assumptions, and definition of terms. The test consists of 71 items and takes about 50 minutes to complete.
• California Critical Thinking Skills Test (CCTST): The CCTST is designed to measure the core critical thinking skills identified as essential for educational and career success. It assesses skills such as analysis, inference, evaluation, induction, and deduction. The test consists of 34 items and takes about 45 minutes to complete.
• HEIghten Critical Thinking Assessment: This test, developed by the Educational Testing Service (ETS), measures critical thinking skills in areas such as reasoning, analysis, and problem-solving. It is often used in higher education to assess the critical thinking skills of undergraduate students. The test consists of 36 items and takes about 45 minutes to complete.

This table provides a snapshot of some of the most common types of Critical Thinking Tests, including the test provider, the target audience, and the key features of each test.

Each of these tests offers a unique approach to measuring critical thinking skills, but all are designed to provide a comprehensive assessment of an individual’s ability to think critically and analytically.

“The critical thinking test was more about how you think than what you know. The questions were designed to test your ability to analyze information, identify patterns, and solve problems. There were a lot of reading comprehension questions, but there were also some logic puzzles and questions that required you to think outside the box. I found it to be a challenging but fair test.” Source: iPREP customer

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Technical Facts

Fast facts (tl;dr).

• Certainly, here’s a more concise version:
• Standardized scoring system.
• High reliability.
• Validated measurements.
• Strict security measures.
• Global accessibility.
• Online administration.
• Norm-referenced scores.
• Fair and unbiased design.
• Time limits.
• Randomized question order.

Critical Thinking Tests are designed with specific technical features that ensure their validity and reliability as assessment tools. Here’s a look at some of these key technical facts:

Standardized Scoring

Critical Thinking Tests use standardized scoring systems, which means that your score is compared to a norm group to determine your relative performance. This allows for a fair comparison of scores across different individuals and groups.

High Reliability

These tests are designed to be highly reliable, meaning that they produce consistent results over time. This is achieved through careful test design and rigorous testing of the test itself before it’s used in a real-world setting.

Critical Thinking Tests have been shown to have high validity, meaning that they accurately measure what they’re intended to measure – in this case, critical thinking skills. This is confirmed through extensive research and statistical analysis.

Test Security

To ensure the integrity of the test, strict security measures are often in place. These may include time limits, randomized question order, and secure online testing platforms.

Accessibility

Critical Thinking Tests are designed to be accessible to a wide range of individuals. They are typically available in multiple languages and can be taken online, making them accessible to individuals worldwide.

Norm-Referenced

Scores on Critical Thinking Tests are typically norm-referenced, meaning they are compared to the scores of a norm group (a representative sample of the population). This allows for a meaningful interpretation of individual scores.

These technical facts underscore the robustness and reliability of Critical Thinking Tests as tools for assessing an individual’s critical thinking skills. They are designed not just to test your abilities, but to do so in a way that is fair, reliable, and valid.

“It was a lot of different types of questions, but they all seemed to be designed to test your critical thinking skills. There were questions about logic, reasoning, problem solving, and even some about ethics. I thought it was a good test because it really made me think about how I approach problems and make decisions.” Source: iPREP customer

Results Scale and Interpretations

Understanding the scoring and interpretation of Critical Thinking Tests is crucial for both test-takers and those who use these tests for assessment. The score report provides a comprehensive view of an individual’s critical thinking abilities, with several components contributing to the overall picture.

Raw Score: The raw score is the most straightforward component of the score report. It’s simply the number of questions you answered correctly. While this gives a quick snapshot of how well you did, it doesn’t provide much context, which is where the other components come in.

Percentile Ranking: The percentile ranking compares your score to a norm group, which is a representative sample of the population. For example, if your percentile ranking is 70, it means you scored higher than 70% of the individuals in the norm group. This gives a clearer picture of your performance relative to others.

Sub-Scores: Some Critical Thinking Tests provide sub-scores for different question types or skill areas. These can help you identify your strengths and weaknesses. For example, you might have a high sub-score in “Evaluation of Arguments” but a lower one in “Recognizing Assumptions.”

Score Range: The score range provides context for your raw score. It shows the lowest and highest possible scores on the test. This can help you understand where your score falls on the spectrum of possible scores.

Other Score Dimensions: Some tests may provide additional score dimensions, such as a confidence interval (which gives a range within which your true score likely falls) or a growth scale value (which measures your progress over time if you take the test multiple times).

For example, a test might have a score range of 0-100, with sub-scores for different skill areas. A candidate who scores 75 overall, with sub-scores of 80 in “Evaluation of Arguments” and 70 in “Recognizing Assumptions,” would be in the 75th percentile if the average score for the norm group is 50. This would indicate that the candidate has strong critical thinking skills overall, with particular strength in evaluating arguments.

The score report can be a valuable tool for assessing a candidate’s ability to perform tasks that require critical thinking. By looking at the overall score, percentile ranking, and sub-scores, you can get a comprehensive view of the candidate’s critical thinking abilities.

This table provides a snapshot of how a score report from a Critical Thinking Test might look, along with explanations of each score component. By understanding these components, you can gain a deeper understanding of your critical thinking abilities and how they compare to others. This can guide your preparation for future tests and help you develop your critical thinking skills more effectively.

In conclusion, the score report from a Critical Thinking Test provides a multifaceted view of an individual’s critical thinking abilities. By understanding the different components of the score report, you can gain a deeper understanding of your strengths, areas for improvement, and how your abilities compare to others. This can guide your preparation for future tests and help you develop your critical thinking skills more effectively.

“The questions were very open-ended and there wasn’t always a clear right or wrong answer. I had to really think about the questions and come up with my own arguments. I also had to be careful not to make any assumptions or leaps of logic. It was a challenge, but I’m glad I took the time to prepare for it.” Source: iPREP customer

A Critical Thinking Test is an assessment tool designed to measure an individual’s ability to analyze information, solve problems, and make decisions. It doesn’t focus on what you know, but rather how you think.

A Critical Thinking Test measures a range of skills, including the ability to draw inferences, recognize assumptions, evaluate arguments, and interpret information. It also assesses your ability to apply general rules to specific situations and judge the credibility of sources.

Most Critical Thinking Tests are multiple-choice and are administered online. They typically include a variety of question types, each designed to assess a different aspect of critical thinking.

Critical Thinking Tests use a standardized scoring system. Your raw score (the number of questions you answered correctly) is often compared to a norm group to determine your percentile ranking. Some tests also provide sub-scores for different skill areas.

Employers use Critical Thinking Test scores to assess a candidate’s ability to think critically and make sound decisions. High scores can indicate that a candidate has strong problem-solving skills and the ability to handle complex tasks.

Preparation strategies include understanding the test format, practicing regularly with sample questions and practice tests, reviewing your answers to understand your strengths and weaknesses, and developing your critical thinking skills through activities that challenge your thinking.

No, the questions on a Critical Thinking Test are designed to be answered based on the information provided in the test. You should not bring in outside knowledge or make assumptions that aren’t supported by the information given.

Yes, most Critical Thinking Tests are timed. This adds an element of time management to the skills being assessed.

Policies on retaking a test vary by test provider. Some may allow retakes after a certain period, while others may not. It’s best to check with the test provider or the organization administering the test.

If you don’t do as well as you’d hoped on a Critical Thinking Test, don’t be discouraged. Use it as a learning experience. Review your answers, identify areas for improvement, and focus on developing your critical thinking skills. With practice and preparation, you can improve your performance on future tests.

Critical Thinking Test Tips

• Understand the Question: Before you start answering, make sure you fully understand what the question is asking. Misinterpreting the question is a common mistake that can lead to incorrect answers.
• Manage Your Time: Keep an eye on the clock. Don’t spend too much time on a single question. If you’re stuck, it’s better to make an educated guess and move on rather than waste valuable time.
• Read All Options: Even if you think you’ve found the correct answer, read all the options. There might be another option that is more correct or complete.
• Use Process of Elimination: If you’re unsure of the answer, use the process of elimination to narrow down your options. This can increase your chances of choosing the correct answer.
• Stay Calm: Test anxiety can affect your performance. Use relaxation techniques, such as deep breathing, to stay calm and focused during the test.
• Check Your Work: If you have time left at the end of the test, go back and check your answers. Make sure you didn’t make any careless mistakes or misread any questions.
• Trust Your Instincts: Your first instinct is often correct. If you’re torn between two answers, it’s usually best to stick with your initial choice.

Remember, the key to success on a Critical Thinking Test is not just your critical thinking skills, but also your test-taking strategy. By understanding the questions, managing your time effectively, considering all options, using the process of elimination, staying calm, checking your work, and trusting your instincts, you can maximize your performance on the test.

• Test Location: Critical Thinking Tests are typically administered online, allowing you to take the test from any location with a stable internet connection.
• Test Schedule: The test schedule can vary depending on the test provider or the organization administering the test. Some tests may be scheduled for specific dates and times, while others may allow you to choose a convenient time.
• Test Format: Most Critical Thinking Tests are computerized and use a multiple-choice format. This makes the test easy to administer and score.
• Test Materials: Since the test is typically administered online, you won’t need to bring any physical materials like pen and paper. However, you might want to have scratch paper and a pen handy for making notes or working out problems.
• Cost: The cost of taking a Critical Thinking Test can vary. Some employers or educational institutions may cover the cost of the test. If you’re taking the test independently, you’ll need to check the cost with the test provider.
• Retake Policy: The policy for retaking a Critical Thinking Test can vary by test provider. Some may allow you to retake the test after a certain period, while others may limit the number of retakes. It’s best to check the retake policy with the test provider or the organization administering the test.

Test Provider

Critical Thinking Tests are provided by several reputable organizations, each with its unique approach to assessing critical thinking skills. Two of the most prominent providers are Pearson and Insight Assessment.

Pearson, a multinational publishing and education company, is the provider of the Watson-Glaser Critical Thinking Appraisal (WGCTA), one of the most widely used critical thinking tests. Established in the UK in 1844, Pearson has grown into a global company with a presence in over 70 countries. The WGCTA, known for its rigorous assessment of critical thinking skills, is used by many law firms and graduate schools worldwide.

Insight Assessment, a US-based company, is another leading provider of critical thinking tests. Established in 1986, Insight Assessment has a global reach, providing tests in multiple languages and across various sectors, including education, business, health, and defense. Their top product, the California Critical Thinking Skills Test (CCTST), is recognized for its comprehensive assessment of core critical thinking skills and is widely used in higher education and professional fields.

Information Sources

• Insight Assessment
• Educational Testing Service (ETS)
• The Critical Thinking Co.
• Cambridge Assessment

Disclaimer  – All the information and prep materials on iPrep are genuine and were created for tutoring purposes. iPrep is not affiliated with publishers of Critical Thinking tests.

Free Critical Thinking practice test: Get to know the most common types of questions in Critical Thinking Assessment Tests. Practice with these sample questions:

Question 1 of 7

First Type – Inference

A worldwide study shows that there are behavioral shifts among consumers. 41% said that they are “increasingly looking for ways to save money.” Consumers are largely brand loyal but shop around for the best prices. Only 12% of consumers have traded down to buy cheaper brands (such as bottled water), with 11% trading up (with products such as cosmetics). There has been a big shift towards online shopping.

Inference: Consumers who are brand loyal are less likely than those who aren’t to look for ways to save money.

• Probably True
• Insufficient Data
• Probably False

The correct answer is Probably False.

The third sentence gives evidence that, although “consumers are largely brand-loyal,” they also “shop around for the best prices.” Together, these two pieces of evidence make it not probable that brand-loyal customers “are less likely than those who aren’t to look for ways to save money.” At one level, you could say that this is an example of insufficient data, but this category applies when the evidence is simply insufficient (very often, it’s completely absent). Here the evidence is sufficient to understand that it makes this inference a “probably false” one.

Question 2 of 7

Second Type – Recognition of Assumptions

Statement: “It’s clear that there will be an exponential speed-up of AI performance, with a correspondingly huge impact on business strategy.”

Proposed Assumption: The greater the speed of AI performance, the bigger the impact is on business strategy.

This assumption is made.

The relationship between AI performance and the impact on business strategy in the statement is such that the faster AI performance increases, the greater the impact on strategy must be. This can be seen if one looks at the original statement together with the negative version of the assumption.

“It’s clear that there will be an exponential speed-up of AI performance, with a correspondingly huge impact on business strategy.”

The greater the speed of AI performance, the  less  is the impact on business strategy.

As can be seen, this negative version does not fit at all with the statement, showing that the assumption must be made.

Question 3 of 7

Third Type – Deduction

Premises: All companies use ways to maximize their profits. Some companies use profit-sharing plans; such plans help to retain staff. Retaining staff is a way to maximize a company’s profits. Therefore…

Conclusion: Not all profit-maximizing companies retain staff.

This conclusion follows the premises.

In the diagram below, “A” represents all the profit-maximizing ways; hence, it represents all the companies because according to the first premise, “All companies use ways to maximize their profits.”

The next premises create a link between profiting-sharing plans, retaining staff, and maximizing profits. “B” represents the portion of the companies that follow this mechanism of maximizing profits.

This inference can be drawn from the first premise (“All companies use ways to maximize their profits”) and the significance of the second and the third, which together allow the conclusion that there are profit-maximizing companies that do not retain staff.

Question 4 of 7

Fourth Type – Interpretation

According to a 2018 survey, 76% of the US population considers someone with an annual income of $10,000 to be “poor,” and 56% considers someone with an annual income of $100,000 to be “rich.” The majority of people saw the category of “neither rich nor poor” as including annual incomes from $40,000 to $80,000. Almost equal percentages saw someone with an income of $90,000 as “rich” or “neither rich nor poor.”

Conclusion: To be considered “rich” in the US, someone needs to have an income of at least ten times that of the poor.

This conclusion does not follow beyond a reasonable doubt from the premises.

This neither takes into account the possible percentages for those seen as “poor” in income groups other than $10,000, nor the lack of full agreement on whether an income of $100,000 means that someone is “rich.” As a result, the evidence is insufficient for this conclusion to be drawn beyond a reasonable doubt.

Question 5 of 7

Fifth Type – Evaluation of Arguments

Question: Should tariffs on foreign goods be used as a way of protecting domestic jobs?

Argument: No; some domestic jobs are created as a result of importing foreign goods.

• Argument strong
• Argument weak

This argument is strong.

This provides both a relevant and important challenge to the question. If the focus is on the protection of domestic jobs, then risking the reduction of foreign imports through tariffs (by consequent price-increases) could reduce the number of jobs in some domestic industries.

Question 6 of 7

Sixth Type – Definition

“That’s an interesting piece of furniture,” said Anna.

“Interesting?” said Mike. “It’s more than interesting. It’s a real antique. It’s been made using a design that is well over 100 years old, using methods that are even older. You certainly don’t get craftsmanship like that anymore.”

“But does that make it an antique?” asked Anna.

Question: Of the following, which is the best way to state Mike’s notion of an antique?

• An antique is an item whose design and methods of construction are at least 100 years old and is no longer currently made to this level of skill.
• An antique is an item that was designed and made at least 100 years ago.
• An antique is an item that was made using methods not seen anymore and whose design is over 100 years old.

The correct answer is (A).

Mike sees an antique item as having three features: an at least 100 years old design, made according to methods that are older (so also covered by “at least 100 years old”), and the current absence of skills to make it. This definition covers all three of these features.

(B) is incorrect. Mike’s use of the term “antique” does not include the necessity of the item having been made at least 100 years ago.

(C) is incorrect. This includes two of the features of Mike’s use of the term (methods of construction no longer seen and design that is at least 100 years old), but it does not include the reference to the methods being at least 100 years old.

Question 7 of 7

Seventh Type – Credibility

Professor Whitman of the Food Research Laboratory (FRL) has been conducting research on the effectiveness of meal-replacement products in helping people lose weight. Interim results from his research have shown that, so far, Product A has not resulted in any significant weight loss in those who have used it, but that there was evidence of an up to 12.5% weight loss in those who used Product B.

In the following question, two statements are given: (A) and (B). These statements are underlined, and their sources are given. You need to decide which of the two is more believable but if you think that neither one is more believable, then mark (C) as your answer.

• One of the products we are testing has not resulted in any significant weight-loss (from a press release given by Professor Whitman)
• Product B has shown a more positive effect on weight loss than has Product A (stated by Professor Whitman in an interim report to the FRL research committee).
• Neither statement is more believable.

The correct answer is C.

Both (A) and (B) are accurate claims made by the same person based on the information given. Since there is no reason to question the credibility of either (A) or (B) (given their sources), this means that neither of them is more believable than the other.

You have completed the Sample Questions section.

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About the course

Welcome to iPrep’s  Critical Thinking  test preparation course.

This course will help you boost your skills and with it your confidence towards your upcoming test. The course will provide you with the following tools and benefits:

• You will become familiar with the most common five types of questions on critical thinking tests – Inference, Recognition of Assumptions, Deductions, Interpretations, and Evaluation of Arguments.
• You will be given a full-length 40-question simulation test. This simulation includes similar questions to those you will encounter in real tests with the same level of difficulty. It also has the same estimated time limit as normally exist in real tests. Experiencing the test’s time pressure will ensure it will not come as a surprise on test day.
• You will be provided with a great variety of helpful tips for the different types of questions. Some of the tips are in the guidance sections and additional ones in the detailed explanations that follow each question.

Learning hours

Practice tests

By the end of this course, you will be more knowledgeable and comfortable with critical thinking test questions – Knowledge and familiarity with the test are the two most significant factors that can help you maximize your score and improve your chances of success.

The course is comprised of two parts – guidance and the test simulations. In the guidance section, we will review each type of question, its purpose, and its underlying logical mechanism. You will also have a chance to practice several test-level questions before approaching the test simulation to get a feel for the challenge ahead.

Afterwards, you will proceed to the simulation test. Once done, you will be able to get full question explanations and even see how well you performed in comparison with other people who have taken the test.

Wishing you an enjoyable learning experience!

Skills you will learn

Recognition of Assumptions

Evaluation of Arguments

Drawing Conclusions

• Course Introduction
• Question Types Guidance
• Test-Taking Tips
• Full-Length Critical Thinking Test Simulations
• Course Conclusion

About the author

Dr. Roy van den Brink-Budgen

Co-founder and Director of Studies of the Centre for Critical Thinking

Dr. Roy van den Brink-Budgen has been working in the field of critical thinking for over thirty years. His experience has included the development of various assessments in critical thinking, and teaching the subject to a wide range of groups (students from primary to postgraduate, teachers from primary to college, juvenile offenders, and business managers). He has also written seven books on the subject, many journal articles, and online courses for secondary students and MBA students (as well as having produced a critical thinking card game). He has given presentations to various international conferences on critical thinking and creative thinking.

His work in critical thinking has taken him to many countries (including France, India, Malaysia, New Zealand, Spain, the UK, and Singapore – where he is the Director of Studies at the Centre for Critical Thinking). He serves as a consultant on critical thinking to PocketConfidant, an international company that is developing AI for personal coaching. In addition, he runs a company that provides various services in critical thinking – if…then ltd – based in the UK.

Customer Testimonial

I am 100% sure that working through the examples & reading the explanations provided by iPrep has improved my scores!

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June 12, 2019 at 12:37 PM

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I PASSED WITH FLYING COLORS THANK YOU SO MUCH. This is a really great program thank you thank you thank you

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November 17, 2023 at 9:52 PM

Very helpful course with helpful explanations when you get the answer wrong. I am grateful for this program. Hoping to ace the test!

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September 25, 2023 at 6:58 PM

I was honestly quite surprised that a lot of my responses were wrong. I am now able to think more in depth before selecting a choice.

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March 13, 2021 at 4:34 AM

i found it very helpful as it helped me to get clearer understanding of different concepts. Excellent material and information.

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February 14, 2021 at 10:37 PM

Glad I decided to take the course. It gives you great insight into taking a critical thinking test. Glad I invested in this. Thank you!

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January 2, 2021 at 5:12 AM

I feel way more prepared on my test than I ever did before. This program really went into depth on each explanation of the question and why the chosen answer was correct. I would reccomend this for anyone who is in need of preparation for a test with critical thinking or that sort. Great overall experience! Like the program said, you need to put in work to see results, but with the help of iPrep it can be achieved.

September 28, 2020 at 1:45 AM

This course is very well designed for both practicing and testing critical thinking skills. I have enjoyed taking the course, and gained a better understanding of my own current level of critical thing ability. I will use the test results to continue improving my critical thinking skills.

Stuti P*****

September 21, 2020 at 4:53 PM

I did use this practice session for my graduate school interview and I highly recommend this to anyone who are trying to ace their school admissions or their dream job interviews. The course format is effectively organized in a way which is easy to understand by giving real life scenario.

September 14, 2020 at 12:05 PM

Great prep. Would not have improved without it. Huge gains by utilizing this course as a study aid and test prep. Highly recommend.

Yogesh V****

August 22, 2020 at 11:42 PM

Greater Variety of examples would have made it even more amazing to use these test packs to better understand the topics

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More From Forbes

Improve your critical thinking by avoiding assumptions.

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In a post earlier this month, I shared three questions we can ask ourselves in the moment to avoid allowing our snap decision about someone’s idea hardening into a firm conviction without more critical thinking. Let’s deepen that skill set by reframing our approach to individuals, contexts, and perspectives.

All effective changes to behavior happen on an immediate, tangible level, not on a broad philosophical plane. Saying to yourself, I’m going to be a nicer person doesn’t impact your actions. Saying, I’m going to hold the door for someone, hold someone’s hand when they need me, or hold my tongue when I want to criticize – those specific actions make us a nicer person.

Likewise, when we are trying to think more critically about an issue, it’s helpful to have specific questions or approaches that allow us to actually put critical thinking techniques in place. It doesn’t help to say, “I’m going to be a deeper thinker,” since I’m not even sure what that would mean. Instead, adopt approaches that combat the habits that keep us from thinking more openly about an issue and factoring in better information. Here are three specific statements we can say to ourselves that will help us remain more open.

1. There’s an old adage that “even a stopped clock is right twice a day.” (This assumes an analog clock, not an unplugged digital clock.) Likewise, even the person in our life with questionable judgment whose opinion we immediately discount or ignore might occasionally have a nugget of wisdom to share. Remain open. Who is the stopped clock in your life? When Uncle Bud or Lulu from Marketing approaches with that eager look of, “Have I got an idea for you!” instead of ducking for cover, say to yourself, “It’s half-past-two…again.” This may be their one good idea for the year, and you don’t want to miss it. Be patient. Hear them out. You can still decide to discount their conclusion, but you will have remained open to their analysis, and there may be a learning moment in there for you. To discount an entire human being is a great loss and deprives us of possible wisdom, however cluttered with our previous experience with someone.

2. It’s human nature to develop patterns of behavior and apply them to specific settings. For instance, some people act one way at home and a different way at work. When we attend certain meetings or engage with particular teams at the office, we get into patterns of behavior and thinking that can limit us and our impact and rob the company or firm of our insights. We might be the most open, thoughtful, creative contributor in some meetings and then withdraw and shut down in other contexts. Sometimes these shifts in behavior are justified by our knowledge base on a topic, the presence of certain colleague at the table, or other factors. But sometimes, our shift in behavior is arbitrary or a matter of habit.

My wife and I have four kids. When they were still home, the six of us each had our particular seat at the table for dinner – same seat every night – like many families. It would have felt weird if, when we went to sit down for dinner, Sam plopped down in Teresa’s chair. And yet, for other meals, we all sat anywhere. Why such formality at one time and such reckless abandon at others? What’s the metaphorical seat you take at certain meetings at work? You’re open and enthusiastic at the Marketing Meeting, asking great questions and comfortable challenging assumptions - your own and others’. As you’re walking into the Sales Meeting where you tend to be more withdrawn, tell yourself, “This is lunch, not dinner. I can sit anywhere. I can contribute like I do in the Marketing Meeting.”

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I’m not suggesting you bring your worst behaviors into every setting. If you’re overbearing at one meeting and quiet at another, please don’t bulldoze through every meeting. It’s about bringing out your better qualities more frequently – about listening and remaining open more consistently.

3. We’re all self-centered. It’s part of human nature. It’s not bad, or Machiavellian; it’s just a basic survival instinct. To contribute most meaningfully at work, and to avoid the kinds of assumptions that keep us from being more successful, we need to challenge that most basic thinking. When we offer an opinion at work, we often fall prey to two forces that keep us from making better decisions - our ego and our self-interest.

When we’re weighing options in a meeting, and one of the options on the table is our suggestion, we’re likely to want to see that option succeed because it’s our idea, regardless of whether, objectively, it’s the best solution. Completely separately, one of the options might actually hold more value for us, and sometimes that value may be outside the knowledge of the group at large. In that case, we’ll often side with the option where the benefit inures to us over others. When these situations arise, we’re best served to ask ourselves a very tough question. “To what extent am I part of the problem?” Is the way we’re contributing truly in the best interest of the group, or is my ego, self-interest, or stubbornness getting in the way?

Asking this question of ourselves is tough enough. If we conclude we are, in fact, part of the problem, acting to rectify the situation is even harder. Hopefully, we can get there. But if not, just asking the question of ourselves will naturally temper our reactions and encourage us to be more open.

In sum, to remain more open and to think more critically, we should challenge ourselves to:

1. remain open to ideas from others, even those with whom we don’t usually agree,

2. rethink why we behave differently in certain settings and assess whether it’s time to contribute more meaningfully (sometimes this might mean talking less, not more),

3. challenge the motive behind the ideas we support and decide if we need to get out of the way.

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5 Key Soft Skills You Need for Today’s Workplace

Do you have the skills that companies are looking for? Not skills related directly to your job, but skills that make you a valuable part of the team and the development of that team (and yourself).

5 Key Soft Skills You Need

Soft skills also referred to as power skills. Put them to work at any workplace, and you are able you to succeed in your career and work well with others. Here’s five key soft skills you need.

1. Strategic Thinking

Strategic thinking refers to the ability to analyze complex situations, anticipate future trends, and formulate effective plans and goals to achieve desired outcomes. It involves the capacity to think critically, make decisions based on long-term objectives, and adapt strategies to changing circumstances. Strategic thinkers are adept at identifying opportunities and risks, considering various perspectives, and creating innovative solutions to challenges.

This skill is crucial for leaders, managers, and professionals across industries to navigate uncertainty, drive growth, and achieve sustainable success.

2. Negotiation

Negotiation involves the ability to communicate effectively, understand the needs and interests of different parties, and reach mutually beneficial agreements or resolutions. It encompasses a range of interpersonal and problem-solving abilities, including active listening, empathy, persuasion, and compromise.

Effective negotiators can navigate conflicts, manage expectations, and build rapport with others to achieve favorable outcomes in various contexts, such as business deals, salary discussions, or conflict resolution. They understand the importance of preparation, setting clear objectives, and exploring creative solutions to address the interests of all parties involved.

Negotiation is essential for any industry – including sales, management, human resources, and project management.

3. Persuasion

Persuasion involves the ability to influence others’ beliefs, attitudes, or behaviors through effective communication and reasoning. It revolves around presenting compelling arguments, addressing objections, and motivating individuals to take specific actions or adopt particular viewpoints.

Effective persuasion relies on various techniques, such as storytelling, building credibility, using evidence and logic, and understanding the needs and motivations of the audience. It requires empathy, active listening, and the capacity to tailor messages to resonate with different individuals or groups.

In professional settings, persuasion is invaluable for sales professionals, marketers, leaders, and anyone tasked with influencing others to achieve organizational goals.

4. Presentation Skills

Presentation skills involve the ability to effectively communicate information or ideas to an audience in a clear, engaging, and persuasive manner. This skill encompasses various elements, including verbal communication, nonverbal communication, visual aids, and audience engagement techniques.

Effective presenters are skilled at engaging their audience, whether through interactive activities, storytelling, or asking questions to encourage participation. They also adapt their presentation style and content to suit the preferences and needs of different audiences.

From business meetings to sales pitches to training sessions, you need strong presentation skills to convey the right message.

5. Critical Thinking

Critical thinking involves the ability to analyze, evaluate, and interpret information or situations objectively and logically. It encompasses the capacity to question assumptions, consider multiple perspectives, and make well-reasoned decisions or judgments based on evidence and sound reasoning.

Individuals with strong critical thinking skills are adept at identifying patterns, detecting inconsistencies, and evaluating the credibility of sources or arguments. They can distinguish between relevant and irrelevant information, assess the validity of conclusions, and draw logical inferences to reach insightful solutions to problems.

There are many other key soft skills to develop. But with these five, you’ll find a lot of career success.

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