acknowledgement for family in research paper

The Acknowledgements Section

How to write the acknowledgements for your thesis or dissertation

By: Derek Jansen (MBA) | Reviewers: Dr Eunice Rautenbach | January 2024

Writing the acknowledgements section of your thesis might seem straightforward, but it’s more than just a list of names . In this post, we’ll unpack everything you need to know to write up a rock-solid acknowledgements section for your dissertation or thesis.

Overview: The Acknowledgements

• What (exactly) is the acknowledgements section?

Who should you acknowledge?

• How to write the section
• Practical example
• Free acknowledgements template
• Key takeaways

What is the acknowledgements section?

The acknowledgements section of your thesis or dissertation is where you give thanks to the people who contributed to your project’s success. Generally speaking, this is a relatively brief, less formal section.  

With the acknowledgements section, you have the opportunity to show appreciation for the guidance, support, and resources provided by others during your research journey. We’ll unpack the exact contents, order and structure of this section in this post.

Need a helping hand?

Although this is a less “academic” section, acknowledging the right people in the correct order is still important. Typically, you’ll start with the most formal (academic) support received, before moving on to other types of support.

Here’s a suggested order that you can follow when writing up your acknowledgements:

Level 1: Supervisors and academic staff

Start with those who have provided you with academic guidance, including your supervisor, advisors, and other faculty members.

Level 2: Funding bodies or sponsors

If your research was funded, acknowledging these organisations is essential. You don’t need to get into the specifics of the funding, but you should recognise the important role that this made in bringing your project to life.

Level 3: Colleagues and peers

Next you’ll want to mention those who contributed intellectually to your work, including your fellow cohort members and researchers.

Level 4: Family, friends and pets

Last but certainly not least, you should acknowledge your personal (non-academic) support system – those who have provided emotional and moral support. If Fido kept you company during those long nights hunched over the keyboard, you can also thank him here 🙂

As you can see, the order of the acknowledgements goes from the most academic to the least . Importantly, your thesis or dissertation supervisor (sometimes also called an advisor) generally comes first . This is because they are typically the person most involved in shaping your project (or at least, they should be). Plus, they’re oftentimes involved in marking your final work and so a kind word never hurts…

All that said, remember that your acknowledgements section is personal . So, feel free to adjust this order, but do pay close attention to any guidelines or rules provided by your university. If they specify a certain order or set of contents, follow their instructions to the letter.

How to write the acknowledgements section

In terms of style, try to strike a balance between conveying a formal tone and a personal touch . In practical terms, this means that you should use plain, straightforward language (this isn’t the time for heavy academic jargon), but avoid using any slang, nicknames, etc.

As a guide, you’ll typically use some of the following phrases in the acknowledgements section:

I would like to express my appreciation to… for their help with… I’m particularly grateful to… as they provided… I could not have completed this project without… as this allowed me to… Special thanks to… who did… I had the pleasure of working with… who helped me… I’d also like to recognise… who assisted me with…

In terms of positioning, the acknowledgements section is typically in the preliminary matter , most commonly after the abstract and before the table of contents. In terms of length, this section usually spans one to three paragraphs , but there’s no strict word limit (unless your university’s brief states otherwise, of course).

If you’re unsure where to place your acknowledgements or what length to make this section, it’s a good idea to have a look at past dissertations and theses from your university and/or department to get a clearer view of what the norms are.

Practical Example

Alright, let’s look at an example to give you a better idea of what this section looks like in practice.

I would like to express my deepest gratitude to Professor Smith, whose expertise and knowledge were invaluable during this research. My sincere thanks also go to the University Research Fund for their financial support.   I am deeply thankful to my colleagues, John and Jane, for their insightful discussions and moral support. Lastly, I must acknowledge my family for their unwavering love and encouragement. Without your support, this project would not have been possible.

As you can see in this example, the section is short and to the point , working from formal support through to personal support. If you’re interested, you can explore a few more examples here .

To simplify the process, we’ve created a free template for the acknowledgements section. If you’re interested, you can download a copy here .

FAQs: Acknowledgements

Can i include some humour in my acknowledgements.

A touch of light humour is okay, but keep it appropriate and professional. Remember that this is still part of an academic document.

Can I acknowledge someone who provided informal or emotional support?

Yes, you can thank anyone who offered emotional support, motivation, or even informal advice that helped you during your studies. This can include friends, family members, or a mentor/coach who provided guidance outside of an academic setting.

Should I mention any challenges or difficulties I faced during my research?

While the acknowledgements section is primarily for expressing gratitude, briefly mentioning significant challenges you overcame can highlight the importance of the support you received. That said, you’ll want to keep the focus on the gratitude aspect and avoid delving too deeply into the challenges themselves.

Can I acknowledge the contribution of participants in my research?

Absolutely. If your research involved participants, especially in fields like social sciences or human studies, acknowledging their contribution is not only courteous but also an ethical practice. It shows respect for their participation and contribution to your research.

How do I acknowledge posthumous gratitude, for someone who passed away during my study period?

Acknowledging a deceased individual who played a significant role in your academic journey can be done respectfully. Mention them in the same way you would a living contributor, perhaps adding a note of remembrance.

For example, “I would like to posthumously acknowledge John McAnders for their invaluable advice and support in the early stages of this research.”.

Is there a limit to the number of people I can acknowledge?

How do i acknowledge a group or organisation.

When thanking a group or organization, mention the entity by name and, if applicable, include specific individuals within the organization who were particularly helpful.

For example, “I extend my thanks to The Speakers Foundation for their support, particularly Mr Joe Wilkins, for their guidance.”

Recap: Key Takeaways

Writing the acknowledgements section of your thesis or dissertation is an opportunity to express gratitude to everyone who helped you along the way.

Remember to:

• Acknowledge those people who significantly contributed to your research journey
• Order your thanks from formal support to personal support
• Maintain a balance between formal and personal tones
• Keep it concise

In a nutshell, use this section to reflect your appreciation in a genuinely and professionally way.

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Academia Bees

Acknowledgement for Paper Publication (10 Samples)

July 11, 2023

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By Mohsin Khurshid

Acknowledgement for paper publication is a crucial aspect that recognizes the contributions and support received throughout the research process. It holds significant value in academic papers, showcasing appreciation for the individuals and institutions that have played a role in the study’s success. In this article, we will delve into the importance of acknowledgement in paper publication and provide 10 comprehensive samples to guide you in crafting impactful acknowledgements for your own research. Whether you wish to acknowledge research collaborators, funding sources, mentors, or other individuals who have contributed to your work, these samples will assist you in expressing your gratitude effectively. Join us as we explore the art of acknowledgement and discover how to create acknowledgements that resonate with the collaborative nature of scholarly endeavors.

Table of Contents

• 1 Understanding the Importance of Acknowledgement
• 2.1 Sample 1 – Acknowledgement for Research Collaboration
• 2.2 Sample 2 – Acknowledgement for Funding Support
• 2.3 Sample 3 – Acknowledgement for Mentorship and Guidance
• 2.4 Sample 4 – Acknowledgement for Institutional Support
• 2.5 Sample 5 – Acknowledgement for Peer Reviewers
• 2.6 Sample 6 – Acknowledgement for Data and Materials
• 2.7 Sample 7 – Acknowledgement for Technical Assistance
• 2.8 Sample 8 – Acknowledgement for Editorial or Proofreading Assistance
• 2.9 Sample 9 – Acknowledgement for Inspiration and Support
• 2.10 Sample 10 – Acknowledgement for Personal Support
• 4 Conclusion

Understanding the Importance of Acknowledgement

Acknowledgement plays a crucial role in academic papers, serving multiple purposes within the scholarly community. Firstly, it provides an opportunity for authors to express gratitude and appreciation towards individuals, organizations, or institutions that have contributed to the research project in various ways. These contributions can include financial support, data collection assistance, intellectual guidance, or access to resources.

Beyond mere gratitude, acknowledgement serves as a means of giving credit where it is due. It recognizes the valuable input and collaboration of others, ensuring that their contributions are acknowledged and acknowledged by the academic community. By acknowledging the efforts of others, researchers uphold the principles of academic integrity and promote transparency in the research process.

Ethical considerations are also an integral part of writing an acknowledgement section. Authors must carefully navigate issues such as conflicts of interest, ensuring that they disclose any potential conflicts and maintain objectivity in their acknowledgements. Additionally, it is essential to respect the privacy and confidentiality of individuals mentioned in the acknowledgement, seeking their permission before including their names or affiliations.

Conventions related to acknowledgement may vary across disciplines and academic journals. Authors should familiarize themselves with the specific guidelines and requirements of their target journal to ensure compliance. Some journals may provide templates or specific instructions on how to structure the acknowledgement section, while others may have specific word limits or content restrictions.

In summary, understanding the importance of acknowledgement in academic papers is crucial for researchers. It serves as a means of expressing gratitude, giving credit to contributors, upholding academic integrity, and adhering to ethical considerations. By following conventions and guidelines specific to their field, authors can effectively convey their appreciation and recognition in the acknowledgement section of their paper.

10 Samples of Acknowledgement for Paper Publication

Explore these detailed samples of acknowledgements to effectively acknowledge contributors in your research papers.

Sample 1 – Acknowledgement for Research Collaboration

Acknowledging the collaborative efforts and contributions of research team members is a crucial aspect of the acknowledgement section in academic papers. The following is a detailed sample acknowledgement that demonstrates how to acknowledge research collaborators and team members:

I would like to express my sincere gratitude to the members of the research team who contributed to the successful completion of this study. Their dedication, expertise, and commitment were instrumental in the realization of our research objectives. I am thankful for their valuable insights, collaborative spirit, and unwavering support throughout the project.

I would like to extend my heartfelt appreciation to [Name], [Name], and [Name] for their invaluable contributions to the data collection process. Their meticulous efforts ensured the accuracy and reliability of our research findings. Additionally, I am grateful to [Name] for their assistance in data analysis and interpretation, which greatly enhanced the depth and quality of our research outcomes.

Furthermore, I would like to acknowledge the guidance and mentorship provided by [Name]. Their expertise in [area of expertise] was invaluable in shaping the direction of this research and refining our methodology. Their constructive feedback and insightful suggestions played a pivotal role in elevating the overall quality of this study.

I am also indebted to the support staff and administrators who facilitated the smooth operation of our research activities. Their assistance in securing necessary permissions, organizing logistics, and managing administrative tasks was vital to the success of this project.

Lastly, I would like to express my deep appreciation to the funding agency or organization that provided financial support for this research. Their investment in our work enabled us to conduct this study and make meaningful contributions to the field.

In conclusion, I am immensely grateful to all the individuals who contributed to this research collaboration. Their dedication, expertise, and unwavering support have been instrumental in the accomplishment of our research goals. Without their invaluable contributions, this study would not have been possible.

Sample 2 – Acknowledgement for Funding Support

Acknowledging the financial support received for research is an important aspect of the acknowledgement section in academic papers. The following is a detailed sample acknowledgement that demonstrates how to acknowledge funding support:

I would like to express my sincere appreciation to [Funding Agency/Organization] for their generous financial support of this research project. Their funding played a crucial role in the successful execution of this study and the attainment of our research goals.

The support provided by [Funding Agency/Organization] enabled us to conduct data collection, analysis, and interpretation, as well as cover expenses related to research materials, participant recruitment, and travel, where applicable. Their investment in our work has significantly contributed to the quality and impact of our research findings.

I would also like to extend my gratitude to the grant administrators and program officers at [Funding Agency/Organization] for their guidance and assistance throughout the grant application and management process. Their expertise and support were invaluable in ensuring a smooth and efficient funding experience.

Furthermore, I am grateful to my research team members and collaborators who have contributed their time, expertise, and efforts to this project. Their dedication and hard work have been instrumental in the successful completion of this research.

In conclusion, I am deeply thankful to [Funding Agency/Organization] for their financial support, without which this research would not have been possible. Their investment in our work has made a significant impact and has contributed to advancements in the field. I am truly grateful for their commitment to supporting research and fostering academic growth.

Sample 3 – Acknowledgement for Mentorship and Guidance

Acknowledging the contributions of mentors and advisors is essential in recognizing the guidance and support they have provided throughout the research process. The following is a detailed sample acknowledgement that demonstrates how to acknowledge mentorship and guidance:

I would like to express my heartfelt gratitude to my mentor, [Mentor’s Name], for their invaluable guidance, expertise, and support throughout the course of this research. Their extensive knowledge, insightful feedback, and unwavering encouragement have been instrumental in shaping the direction and quality of this study.

I am truly grateful for [Mentor’s Name]’s dedication and commitment to my academic growth. Their mentorship has not only expanded my understanding of the subject matter but has also enhanced my research skills and critical thinking abilities. Their willingness to invest their time and effort in providing guidance and constructive criticism has greatly contributed to the successful completion of this research project.

I would also like to extend my appreciation to [Advisor’s Name] for their valuable input and advice throughout the research process. Their expertise in [specific field or area] has been invaluable in shaping the methodology and interpretation of the findings. Their constructive feedback and thoughtful suggestions have significantly enhanced the quality and rigor of this study.

Furthermore, I would like to acknowledge the contributions of other members of my research committee, [Committee Member 1’s Name] and [Committee Member 2’s Name]. Their expertise and insights have provided valuable perspectives and have contributed to the overall excellence of this research.

In conclusion, I am sincerely grateful to my mentor, [Mentor’s Name], and my advisor, [Advisor’s Name], for their unwavering support and guidance. Their mentorship and expertise have been transformative in my academic journey, and I am privileged to have had the opportunity to learn from their wisdom and experience.

Sample 4 – Acknowledgement for Institutional Support

Acknowledging the support and resources provided by institutions is crucial in recognizing their contribution to the research project. The following is a detailed sample acknowledgement that demonstrates how to acknowledge institutional support:

I would like to express my sincere gratitude to [Institution’s Name] for their unwavering support and provision of resources throughout the course of this research. The research facilities and infrastructure provided by [Institution’s Name] have played a significant role in the successful completion of this study.

I am grateful for the access to state-of-the-art laboratories, research materials, and technological resources offered by [Institution’s Name]. These resources have been instrumental in conducting experiments, gathering data, and analyzing findings. The research environment provided by [Institution’s Name] has fostered an atmosphere of innovation and collaboration, allowing for the pursuit of academic excellence.

I would also like to extend my appreciation to the administrative staff and personnel at [Institution’s Name] for their assistance and support throughout the research process. Their responsiveness and willingness to provide guidance on administrative matters have been invaluable.

Furthermore, I would like to acknowledge the financial support provided by [Institution’s Name]. The research grants and scholarships awarded by [Institution’s Name] have enabled the realization of this project and have alleviated the financial constraints associated with conducting research.

In conclusion, I am deeply grateful to [Institution’s Name] for their unwavering support, provision of resources, and financial assistance. Their commitment to promoting research and academic excellence has been instrumental in the successful completion of this study.

Sample 5 – Acknowledgement for Peer Reviewers

Acknowledging the contributions of peer reviewers is essential in recognizing their valuable feedback and input towards improving the quality of the research. The following is a detailed sample acknowledgement that demonstrates how to acknowledge peer reviewers:

I would like to extend my heartfelt appreciation to the anonymous peer reviewers who generously dedicated their time and expertise to review and provide constructive feedback on this research paper. Their insightful comments and suggestions have significantly enhanced the quality and rigor of this study.

The meticulous review process conducted by the peer reviewers has played a crucial role in strengthening the methodology, refining the arguments, and improving the overall clarity and coherence of the research. Their expertise and critical evaluation have helped in identifying and addressing potential gaps, ensuring the accuracy and validity of the findings.

I am grateful for the valuable contributions made by the peer reviewers in shaping this paper into its final form. Their commitment to scholarly excellence and their dedication to advancing the field have been instrumental in improving the quality and impact of this research.

While their identities remain anonymous, I would like to express my sincere gratitude to each and every peer reviewer who played a part in the review process. Their time, expertise, and feedback are deeply appreciated.

Sample 6 – Acknowledgement for Data and Materials

Acknowledging the sources of data, materials, or tools used in the research is crucial to give proper credit and recognition. The following is a detailed sample acknowledgement that demonstrates how to acknowledge data and materials:

I would like to express my sincere gratitude to [Name/Organization] for providing access to the [Specify the data/materials/tools] used in this research. Their contribution has been invaluable in facilitating the data collection process and enabling the analysis conducted in this study.

The [Specify the data/materials/tools] have played a pivotal role in the success of this research, providing essential insights, information, and resources that have contributed to the depth and quality of the findings. Without their support and cooperation, this research would not have been possible.

I am deeply appreciative of the efforts made by [Name/Organization] in making the [Specify the data/materials/tools] available and ensuring their reliability and relevance to the research objectives. Their commitment to data sharing and collaborative research has greatly enriched the outcomes of this study.

I would also like to extend my gratitude to the individuals involved in the collection, organization, and maintenance of the [Specify the data/materials/tools]. Their dedication and professionalism have been instrumental in making these resources accessible and usable for this research.

Sample 7 – Acknowledgement for Technical Assistance

Acknowledging the individuals or organizations that provided technical assistance is essential to recognize their contributions. The following is a detailed sample acknowledgement that demonstrates how to acknowledge technical support:

I would like to extend my sincere appreciation to [Name/Organization] for their invaluable technical assistance throughout the course of this research. Their expertise and support have played a crucial role in the successful execution of this project.

The technical assistance provided by [Name/Organization] has been instrumental in overcoming various challenges and ensuring the accuracy and reliability of the experimental procedures. Their guidance and knowledge have greatly enhanced the quality of the data collected and the interpretation of the results.

I am grateful for their willingness to share their expertise and resources, providing guidance on experimental techniques, troubleshooting technical issues, and offering valuable insights into data analysis. Their assistance has significantly contributed to the overall success of this research endeavor.

I would also like to express my gratitude to the individuals within [Name/Organization] who have directly contributed to this project. Their dedication, professionalism, and prompt response to queries have made the research process smoother and more efficient.

Sample 8 – Acknowledgement for Editorial or Proofreading Assistance

Acknowledging the individuals who have contributed to the editing and proofreading process is essential to recognize their valuable contributions. The following is a detailed sample acknowledgement that demonstrates how to acknowledge editorial or proofreading assistance:

I would like to express my sincere gratitude to [Name/Names] for their invaluable assistance in the editing and proofreading of this manuscript. Their keen attention to detail, expertise in language and grammar, and commitment to improving the clarity and readability of the content have significantly enhanced the quality of this work.

The diligent efforts of [Name/Names] in meticulously reviewing the manuscript, suggesting revisions, and providing valuable feedback have played a crucial role in refining the overall structure, organization, and coherence of the document. Their editorial skills have helped to ensure the accuracy and precision of the scientific content, enhancing the credibility and impact of the research findings.

I am deeply appreciative of their dedication and professionalism throughout the editing process. Their constructive criticism, insightful suggestions, and meticulous proofreading have greatly contributed to the refinement of the language, grammar, and style of this manuscript.

I would also like to extend my thanks to [Name/Names] for their timely and efficient collaboration, as well as their willingness to accommodate multiple rounds of revisions. Their commitment to excellence and their commitment to producing a polished final product are greatly appreciated.

Sample 9 – Acknowledgement for Inspiration and Support

Acknowledging the individuals or sources of inspiration that have contributed to the research is important in recognizing their impact on the project. The following is a detailed sample acknowledgement that demonstrates how to acknowledge inspiration and support:

I would like to express my heartfelt gratitude to [Name/Names] for their unwavering support and inspiration throughout this research endeavor. Their encouragement, guidance, and insightful discussions have been instrumental in shaping the direction and depth of this study.

The unwavering support of [Name/Names] has been a constant source of motivation, providing the necessary encouragement to overcome challenges and pursue innovative ideas. Their expertise, wisdom, and constructive feedback have played a pivotal role in refining the research objectives, methodology, and interpretation of findings.

I am also indebted to [Source/Event/Book/Quote] for serving as a source of inspiration and influencing the conceptual framework of this study. The [Source/Event/Book/Quote] has provided valuable insights and perspectives that have guided my thinking and contributed to the overall development of this research.

Additionally, I would like to acknowledge the support and understanding of my family, friends, and colleagues, whose unwavering belief in my abilities has sustained me throughout this research journey. Their encouragement, understanding, and patience have been invaluable, providing the necessary emotional support and creating an environment conducive to pursuing this endeavor.

Sample 10 – Acknowledgement for Personal Support

Acknowledging the emotional support provided by family, friends, and loved ones is essential in recognizing their role in the research process. The following is a detailed sample acknowledgement that demonstrates how to acknowledge personal support:

I would like to express my deepest appreciation to my family, friends, and loved ones for their unwavering support throughout this research journey. Their love, understanding, and encouragement have been the pillars that have kept me motivated and focused during challenging times.

To my [Family Member(s)], your unwavering belief in me and your constant encouragement have been the driving force behind my pursuit of this research. Your sacrifices, understanding, and patience have provided me with the necessary space and time to dedicate myself to this endeavor. I am forever grateful for your unconditional love and support.

I would also like to extend my gratitude to my dear friends who have been a source of inspiration and motivation. Your unwavering belief in my abilities, your listening ear, and your words of encouragement have given me the strength and confidence to overcome obstacles and pursue this research with dedication.

In addition, I am grateful to [Name(s)] for their continuous support, understanding, and patience. Their presence and unwavering support have provided me with the emotional stability and reassurance needed to navigate through the challenges of this research journey.

Finally, I want to express my heartfelt appreciation to all the participants who generously shared their time, experiences, and insights for this research. Without their willingness to contribute, this study would not have been possible.

Also, read tips and samples on writing acknowledgement for your internship report .

Writing an acknowledgement for a paper involves expressing gratitude to individuals or entities who have contributed to the research. It typically includes mentioning the names, roles, and specific contributions of those being acknowledged.

To acknowledge means to recognize and show appreciation for the contributions or support received. In the context of paper publication, it refers to acknowledging the individuals or organizations that have played a role in the research process.

In an acknowledgement section, you can express gratitude to individuals, institutions, or funding agencies that have supported or contributed to the research. You can mention their names, roles, and specific contributions in a sincere and respectful manner.

The correct spelling of “acknowledge” is A-C-K-N-O-W-L-E-D-G-E.

An acknowledgement statement refers to a written expression of gratitude and appreciation towards individuals or organizations for their contributions or support. It is a way to formally recognize their involvement in the research process and show gratitude for their assistance.

In conclusion, acknowledgement plays a vital role in paper publication, allowing researchers to express gratitude and recognize the contributions of individuals and institutions who have supported their work. By acknowledging research collaborators, mentors, funding sources, peer reviewers, and others, researchers demonstrate their appreciation and foster a sense of community within the academic sphere.

It is important to tailor acknowledgements to the specific research context, considering the unique contributions and support received throughout the research process. Each acknowledgement should reflect the genuine appreciation and recognition of those who have played a significant role in the success of the research.

As researchers, let us not underestimate the power of acknowledgement. It not only acknowledges the contributions of others but also serves as a reminder of the collaborative and interconnected nature of academic work. By expressing gratitude and recognizing the efforts of those who have supported us, we contribute to a positive research culture and encourage further collaboration and support in the academic community . In closing, let us remember that acknowledgement is not just a formality but a sincere gesture of appreciation. It is a way to honor the collaborative nature of research and the individuals and institutions that have contributed to our academic journey. May we continue to acknowledge and support one another as we advance knowledge and make meaningful contributions to our respective fields.

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How to write acknowledgement for research paper (5 samples), leave a comment cancel reply.

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Acknowledgement in Research Paper – A Quick Guide [5 Examples]

The acknowledgement section in your research paper is where you thank those who have helped or supported you throughout your research and writing. It is a short section of 3-5 paragraphs or no more than 300 words you put on a page after the title page.

In this post, we are going to provide you with five examples of acknowlegdement section and a handful of best practices you can make your work look professional.

Saying thank you with style

How to write an acknowledgement: the complete guide for students, why should i include an acknowledgement in my research paper.

Acknowledging assistance and contributions from others can establish your integrity as a researcher. This will eventually make your work more credible.

What should be acknowledged about (aka thankful for)?

In your acknowledgement, you can show gratitude for those who provide you with resources in the following area:

• Technical help may include people who helped you by providing materials and supplies.
• Intellectual help includes academic advice and assistance.
• Mental help can be any kind of verbal support and encouragement.
• Financial support that is obviously related to monetary support

Who should be included in the acknowledgement of a research paper?

You can include everyone who helped you technically, intellectually, or financially (assistance with grants or monetary help) in the process of researching and writing your research paper. Except for your family and friends, you should always include the full names with the title of these individuals:

• Your profession, supervisor, or teacher
• Academic staff (e.g. lab assistant) of your school/college
• Your department, faculty, college, or school
• Classmates, teammates, co-workers, or colleague
• Friends and family members

You can start with your professor or the individuals who supported you the most throughout the research. And then you can continue by thanking your institution and then the reviewer who reviewed your paper. Then you can thank your friends and families and any other individual who helped.

What is the tone of the acknowledgement in a research paper?

You should write your acknowledgement in formal language with complete sentences. It is appropriate to write in the first person (‘I’ for a single author or ‘we’ for two or more).

Note that  personal pronouns  such as ‘I, my, me …’ are nearly always used in the acknowledgements only. For the rest of the research paper, such  personal pronouns  are generally avoided.

Writing an acknowledgement for research paper is one of the important parts of your project report. You need to thank everyone for  helping you with your paper . Here are some examples of acknowledgement for your research paper.

Acknowledgement in Research Paper: Example 1

Acknowledgement in research paper: example 2, acknowledgement in research paper: example 3, acknowledgement in research paper: example 4, acknowledgement in research paper: example 5.

You can use these or try to create your own version for your project report. Also, you can use our auto  acknowledgement generator tool  to automatically generate acknowledgement for your project.

Where should I put the acknowledgement section?

The acknowledgements section should appear between your title page and your introduction in your research paper.

How long is an acknowledgement in a research paper?

The acknowledgement section (usualy inserted as a page) of your research paper should consist of 3-5 paragraphs or no more than 300 words you put on a page after the title page.

Should I use the full names of family members in an acknowledgement?

You do not necessarily need to use the full name for your family and friends (it would sound pretty awkward to use the full name of your parent or spouse right?), you should always include the full names with the title for all other individuals in your acknowledgement.

Can I use “first person” in an acknowledgement?

Yes. It is appropriate to write in the first person (‘I’ for a single author or ‘we’ for two or more).

What is an acknowledgement in academic writing?

An acknowledgement is a page is where you show appreciation to people who helped or supported you intellectually, mentally, or financially in your academic writing.

It should be no longer than one page.

More Definitions on Acknowledgement

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“Acknowledgement” vs “Acknowledgment”… …what the hack?

Both “acknowledgement” and “acknowledgment” are used in the English-speaking world. However, acknowledgement with the “e” in the middle is more commonly used. It is up to 24.5 times more popular in the top 5 English-speaking countries in the world.

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How to write the Acknowledgements section of a research paper

References & Acknowledgements

Yateendra Joshi

Among all the sections of a typical research paper, the acknowledgements section is the easiest to write—which is probably why most books on writing research papers tend to ignore it. Yet, acknowledgements can be politically tricky. By forgetting to acknowledge those whom you should have acknowledged, you risk offending them; but even those whom you have acknowledged in your paper can take offence at the manner in which this is done. At times, when the help received is substantial, it can be hard to decide whether you should acknowledge the support or offer authorship instead. Wish this were as simple as remembering that it is Acknowledgments without the ‘e’ in US English but Acknowledgements with the ‘e’ in UK English.

This article discusses the purpose of the acknowledgements section in a research paper and offers tips on who should be mentioned in it and how, who should be excluded, and how the section should be formatted.

Why acknowledge?

In academic writing, the time-honoured method of acknowledging people is to cite their work, but that does not apply here. And yet, it is only proper that you put on record – by means of an appropriate mention in the acknowledgements section – any help that you received in conducting your research, in writing about it and publishing it. By doing so, albeit indirectly, you make your work more credible: for instance, when you acknowledge the help you received from a statistician in designing your experiment and in analysing its results, you reassure journal editors and, more important, those who review your manuscript, about the experimental design and the analysis of results. Similarly, acknowledging the help you received from a copy editor shows that you have taken care of the language, style, and formatting.

Who should be acknowledged ?

Broadly, you should acknowledge those who helped you by going beyond their normal call of duty, especially those whose help proved crucial to your work or who provided expertise that you lacked. Such people may include some of your peers, your mentors (research supervisors or guides), and even your students. If you received funding, the fact should be acknowledged. Some funding agencies may have specific instructions about how their funding should be mentioned; if that is so, make sure that the form of acknowledgement is consistent with such instructions. You should also consider acknowledging any material or other resources made available to you free of charge. However, if such help is mentioned as part of a conflict-of-interest statement, it should not be repeated in the acknowledgements section.

Consider including reviewers, even if they are anonymous, if their suggestions have resulted in a substantially improved manuscript.

It is also advisable to have your phrasing approved by those mentioned in the acknowledgements, because such a mention may imply that they approve of the contents of the research paper.

Who should not be acknowledged ?

Unlike dedications and acknowledgement commonly found in books, acknowledgements in research papers do not feature parents, family members, or friends (unless of course they qualify on other grounds). Similarly, those who provide a service as part of their job (laboratory technicians, field assistants, and so on) are usually excluded. Heads of departments, directors of laboratories, and people in similar positions also should not be acknowledged routinely: include them only if they went out of their way to help you.

Phrasing the acknowledgements

In general, be factual and avoid going overboard. Something along the lines of “The authors thank John Smith for advice on experimental design and statistical analysis” should be fine. Courtesy titles (Mr, Ms, Dr, etc.) before the names are rarely used (but check your target journal), and job titles or designations are seldom given. Avoid such expressions as ‘kind help’, ‘eternally grateful’, and ‘greatly indebted to’. If the acknowledgement is specifically by one of the authors of the paper, it is customary to use only the initials, as in “JS thanks...”.

In terms of sequence, any intellectual contributions come first, followed by technical support, help in revising and writing; financial support is mentioned at the end.

Formatting the acknowledgements

As a rule of thumb, the acknowledgement section should be a single short paragraph of say half a dozen lines. Examine the target journal for the format: whether the heading appears on a separate line or run on (that is, the text follows the heading on the same line). Check also whether the heading is in bold or in italics. The headings in the main body of the paper may be numbered, but the acknowledgement section is not numbered. Do not use any special formatting within the paragraph.

Effectively, acknowledgements signal the end of the main body of a research paper. Of course, they are followed by references—but that is another story.

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Published on: Dec 02, 2021

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Dissertation acknowledgments [with examples]

What are dissertation acknowledgements?

What to consider when writing your dissertation acknowledgments, who to thank in your dissertation acknowledgments, what (and what not) to write in your dissertation acknowledgments, good examples of dissertation acknowledgments, a final word on writing dissertation acknowledgments: have fun, frequently asked questions about dissertation acknowledgments, related articles.

While you may be the sole author of your dissertation, there are lots of people who help you through the process—from your formal dissertation advisors to the friends who may have cooked meals so that you could finish your last chapter . Dissertation acknowledgments are a chance to thank everyone who had a hand in the completion of your project.

Dissertation acknowledgments are a brief statement of your gratitude to advisors, professors, peers, family, and friends for their help and expertise.

In this guide, we’ll cover:

• the most important things to consider when you’re writing your dissertation acknowledgments
• who to thank in your dissertation acknowledgments
• what (and what not) to write in your dissertation acknowledgments
• short examples of dissertation acknowledgments

Once you’re at the stage where you’re writing your dissertation acknowledgments, you may be tempted to kick back and relax. After all, the hard part of writing the dissertation itself is over and a list of thanks should be simple to churn out.

However, the acknowledgments are an important part of your overall work and are something that most people who read your dissertation, including prospective employers, will look at.

Tip: The best dissertation acknowledgements are concise, sincere, and memorable.

Approach this part of the process, brief as it may be compared to the long haul of writing the dissertation, with the same high level of care and attention to detail. It’s an explicit and permanent statement of who made a real impact on your work and contributed to your academic success.

Plus, the people you thank are often deeply moved by being included—some even go so far as to frame the acknowledgments. Aim to make yours sincere, memorable and something that people will be touched by.

First things first: who should you include in your dissertation acknowledgments? If you’re not sure who to thank, try the brainstorming technique to generate some ideas. Consider these two approaches:

• Make a list of everyone, both professional and personal, who was involved at any point during your work on your dissertation, and then thin down the list from there.
• Make a list of the pivotal aspects of your process and think about who was involved and how they helped.

As you select the people and groups to include in your dissertation acknowledgments, keep in mind that it’s essential to acknowledge your supervisor and anyone else with a visible connection to your work.

It’s an unfortunate reality that not every supervisor goes above and beyond to provide feedback and guidance to the students they are supposed to supervise. However, leaving them out, even if you personally felt disappointed by their involvement or lack thereof, could be seen as a snub.

You should end up with a fairly short list of people to thank. While being mindful of professional etiquette and personal feelings, be choosy about who makes the final cut since your acknowledgments should be limited to no more than a page.

Now that you have your list of people and groups to thank, it’s time to start writing. Before your first pen or keystroke, however, check your university’s guidelines as your institution may have specific rules around what can and cannot be included.

The standard practice is to begin with the formal and then progress to the informal, so the first people to mention would be:

• supervisors
• committee members
• other professional contacts

Use their full names and titles and go into brief detail about how they contributed to your work.

Once those are done, you can move on to the personal thanks, which can include friends, family, even pets. If you are so inclined, it is also considered appropriate to thank God or make mention of spiritual support.

You may also choose to inject a little humor at this point, but don’t get carried away and definitely don’t include sarcasm or critical comments of any kind, including self-critical ones. Remember that the acknowledgments precede your dissertation, so you want to be taken seriously.

A couple more basics that are essential when creating your acknowledgments:

• Position: Acknowledgments should be placed after the title page and before the abstract.
• Perspective: Write from the first-person perspective and speak in your own voice.

A really good way to get a sense of how to write your own dissertation acknowledgments is to read ones written by others. Notice which ones you respond particularly well to and use them as a model upon which to base your own.

Here are some good examples to help you get started:

I couldn’t have reached this goal without the help of many people in my life. I’d like to take this opportunity to thank them for their support.

First, my sincere thanks to my dissertation committee. The value of their guidance cannot be overstated. Dr. Elaine Gooding and Dr. Matthew Hunter provided much wisdom that helped me chart my course. I couldn’t have asked for a better supervisor than Dr. Fiona Moore, whose knowledge and experience guided me every step of the way.

Next, I’d like to thank my partner, Elliott. Your votes of confidence kept me going when my spirits dipped. I couldn’t have done this without you.

Last but not least, I’d like to acknowledge the emotional support provided by my family and friends. We made it to the top of the mountain! I look forward to celebrating with all of you.

This example is shorter, but still contains the key components:

Several people played a decisive role in my success and I would like to take this opportunity to thank them.

My chair, Dr. Ronald Saulk, provided invaluable support and infinite patience and I am truly grateful for all of his wisdom and guidance. I also owe the entire staff of the Wilhelm Library a debt of gratitude. From tracking down books and arranging for interlibrary loans to keeping the coffee maker in the lobby well-stocked and in good working order, they offered the practical help and kind gestures that made all the difference.

I’d also like to thank my family and God, for always being there for me.

One final piece of advice: enjoy this process. Writing a dissertation doesn’t happen every day, and the opportunity to acknowledge the important people in your life in a published format is as rare as it is wonderful.

What’s more, this part of your dissertation is unlike any other. It’s unbounded by the conventions that apply to the formal work. It’s a chance to really flex some creative muscle and let your personality shine through. So make the most of it and have fun!

In your dissertation acknowledgments, you thank everyone who has contributed to your work or supported you along the way. Who you want to thank is a very personal choice, but you should include your supervisors and anyone else with a visible connection to your work. You may also thank friends, family, and partners.

First, you need to come up with a list of people you want to thank in your dissertation acknowledgments. As a next step, begin with the formal and then progress to the informal, so the first people to mention would be supervisors, mentors, committees, and other professional contacts. Then, you can move on to the personal thanks, which can include friends, family, even pets.

Who you acknowledge in your dissertation is ultimately up to you. You should, however, thank your supervisor and anyone else with a visible connection to your work. Leaving them out, even if you personally felt disappointed by their involvement or lack thereof, could be seen as a snub. In addition, you can thank friends, partners or family.

There are many ways so you can acknowledge your dissertation supervisor. Some examples can be found in this article above. If you need more examples, you can find them here .

While acknowledgments are usually more present in academic theses, they can also be a part of research papers. In academic theses, acknowledgments are usually found at the beginning, somewhere between abstract and introduction. In research papers, acknowledgments are usually found at the end of the paper.

How to write acknowledgements in a thesis or dissertation

Navigating the intricate process of writing a thesis or dissertation can be challenging.

One crucial, yet often overlooked part is the thesis acknowledgement. It is also the only bit of my thesis that anyone really reads.

This section allows you to express gratitude to those who contributed to your academic journey. From supervisors and professors to family and friends, the acknowledgement section provides a platform to thank all who played a part in your work.

Whether you’re unsure about how to begin or looking for the best ways to acknowledge your mentors, this blog will provide valuable insights and practical advice to help you create an impactful thesis acknowledgement.

What is your thesis acknowledgement?

A thesis acknowledgement is a section in your thesis where you express gratitude to those who helped and supported you during your research and writing process.

It typically comprises two parts: professional and personal acknowledgements.

• Professional acknowledgements include your supervisor, colleagues, other academics, funding bodies, or institutions that significantly contributed to your work.
• Personal acknowledgements encompass your family and friends who provided emotional support or helped with editing and proofreading.

The acknowledgements section is usually more informal than the rest of your thesis , and it’s acceptable to write in the first person. It’s typically placed at the beginning of your thesis, either before the abstract or the table of contents.

Although the length may vary, it usually doesn’t exceed one page. It’s crucial to plan ahead, listing everyone you wish to thank and consider their specific contribution to your work.

Who to thank in your acknowledgements

In your acknowledgements, you should first thank the members of academia who contributed to your research, including:

• funding bodies,
• supervisors,
• professors,
• proofreaders,
• and research participants.

Mention them using their full names and titles.

If an authoritative figure in your field provided feedback, their acknowledgement adds weight to your research.

Despite the circumstances, a brief thank you to your supervisor is necessary.

Personal acknowledgements can include friends, family members, or even pets who provided inspiration or support during the writing process. Always refer to your university’s guidelines on acknowledgements.

Creating an acknowledgement can be slightly subjective, as the order and individuals to be thanked can vary greatly depending on the circumstances of the work and the author’s preferences.

However, generally, this example follows a common structure:

The order can be customized based on the importance of the roles these individuals played in the author’s journey.

Some may prefer to thank family or significant others first, while others might start with professional relationships such as advisors or collaborators.

It’s also crucial to keep in mind that the way of expressing gratitude can differ significantly between cultures and individuals.

How Long Should My Acknowledgements Be?

The length of an acknowledgement section varies depending on the individual and the nature of the project.

Some people prefer to keep their acknowledgements brief and only thank those individuals who made significant contributions to their work.

Others may choose to include a more extensive list of people, such as mentors, colleagues, and friends, who provided support and encouragement throughout the process.

In general, it is recommended to keep your acknowledgements concise and focused on those who had a direct impact on the project

. Including a heartfelt thank you to these individuals is a meaningful way to show appreciation for their efforts.

However, it is important not to get carried away and turn the acknowledgement page into a long list of names. Remember that the focus should be on quality rather than quantity, as the acknowledgement section should not overshadow the main content of the project. 

Where Should My Acknowledgements Go?

The placement of your acknowledgements can vary, but it’s typically located in the first part of your thesis.

Mine is right after the abstract and before the introduction of my PhD thesis. 

You can place it right before your dissertation abstract or before the table of contents. However, the exact positioning may depend on the guidelines and requirements provided by your university.

Always ensure to check your university’s formatting requirements to be sure you’ve chosen the correct location for your acknowledgements section. 

Thesis acknowledgement examples

Here is my PhD thesis acknowledgement.

Here are some sentence starters that you can use for inspiration:

1. “This thesis acknowledgement is a tribute to all the people who made my academic journey worthwhile.” 2. “I would like to thank my supervisor, whose unwavering support has been instrumental in the completion of this thesis.” 3. “In this acknowledgement section, I extend my deepest gratitude to all who have walked with me on this challenging but fulfilling journey.” 4. “Firstly, I would like to express my sincere thanks to the academic staff who provided their invaluable expertise and guidance.” 5. “My thesis would not have been possible without the endless help and support from my colleagues.” 6. “Special thanks go to my family, whose constant encouragement fueled my perseverance during the completion of this dissertation.” 7. “In the professional acknowledgements, I would like to acknowledge the significant contributions made by my research participants.” 8. “I would also like to thank the funding bodies, whose financial support made this research possible.” 9. “Through this acknowledgment, I express my heartfelt gratitude to my friends who have been my pillars of strength.” 10. “The completion of this thesis or dissertation is the culmination of efforts from various individuals whom I would like to express my sincere appreciation.” 11. “This thesis acknowledgement section is an opportunity to give thanks to those who made this journey less daunting.” 12. “I would like to express my gratitude to my editor, whose meticulous proofreading greatly improved my thesis.” 13. “Without their dedication, this thesis would not have been possible.” 14. “I express my sincere gratitude to all those whose names appear in this acknowledgement for their invaluable input.” 15. “In this acknowledgement for my thesis, I extend my appreciation to all those who have been part of this journey.”

Top tips to write acknowledgements

• Plan Ahead : Make a list of the people you want to acknowledge and their specific contributions to your work.
• Follow University Guidelines : Check your university’s formatting and content guidelines to ensure your acknowledgements adhere to them.
• Use First Person : Unlike the rest of your thesis, the acknowledgements can be written in the first person.
• Keep it Brief : The acknowledgement section should generally not exceed one page. Be concise and precise in expressing your gratitude.
• Maintain Professional-Personal Order : Start with professional acknowledgements (e.g., supervisors, colleagues, funders) before moving on to personal ones (e.g., friends, family).
• Be Specific : Highlight the specific contributions each person or organization made to your thesis.
• Use Full Names and Titles : When acknowledging academic contributors, use their full names and appropriate titles.
• Use Informal Language : Acknowledgements can be written in a more informal style, but avoid colloquial language.
• Proofread : Ensure your acknowledgements are free of spelling and grammar errors.
• Be Genuine and Sincere : The acknowledgements section should sincerely reflect your gratitude to the people who helped you in your academic journey.

Wrapping up – writing your acknowledgements section

As we reach the conclusion of this informative journey into the art of writing acknowledgements for a thesis or dissertation, it’s clear that this often-overlooked section carries significant emotional and professional weight.

A dissertation acknowledgements page is more than just a list of names; it’s a chance to express genuine gratitude and give due credit to all who have contributed to your academic journey. 

Remember, writing this section of your thesis isn’t an obligatory chore but a genuine opportunity to thank those who supported you.

From the tireless members of your thesis committee to the friends and family who offered emotional support, it’s a platform to acknowledge all the people who helped.

From mentors who provided expert guidance, colleagues who offered invaluable insights, to the institutions that funded your research – everyone deserves a heartfelt note of thanks.

Sample acknowledgements in a thesis often include both professional acknowledgements first, followed by personal ones, ensuring that all contributors are recognized appropriately. Always remember to use full names and titles for professional acknowledgements, and express your gratitude sincerely.

The acknowledgement page isn’t a place for long tales, jokes or anecdotes; instead, keep your acknowledgements concise, specific, and heartfelt.

As shown in the thesis acknowledgement examples, you should reflect on the people and organizations that significantly contributed to your research or writing, whether in a substantial technical manner or through support and guidance throughout the process. 

Studentship that allowed you to pursue your research, faculty who guided your studies, even friends who provided distractions when they were most needed – all these contributors deserve your thanks. Remember, it’s okay to use their first names for those who’ve been part of your personal journey, but for professional acknowledgments, full names and titles are recommended. 

As a PhD student, your acknowledgements should reflect your journey – the struggles, the triumphs, and most importantly, the people who have helped you along the way. Whether you include a list of names in alphabetical order, or you decide to group people or organizations, remember to be genuine, concise, and respectful. 

Whether it’s a thesis dedication to a mentor, expressing gratitude to your parents, thanking your friends for their love and encouragement, or even including certain political aspects that influenced your research, the acknowledgments section is yours to personalize. 

Writing a thesis or dissertation is a monumental task, and the people who support you through it are worth acknowledging. Keep this guide in mind when you write your thesis acknowledgements, and don’t forget to thank those who’ve been there for you – for in the journey of research and writing, no one truly walks alone. 

The last sentence may be a heartfelt statement, “I would like to express my gratitude to all those who walked with me throughout my research journey – your support was my strength, and this achievement is as much yours as it is mine.”

Dr Andrew Stapleton has a Masters and PhD in Chemistry from the UK and Australia. He has many years of research experience and has worked as a Postdoctoral Fellow and Associate at a number of Universities. Although having secured funding for his own research, he left academia to help others with his YouTube channel all about the inner workings of academia and how to make it work for you.

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The Savvy Scientist

Experiences of a London PhD student and beyond

Thesis acknowledgements: Samples and how to write your own thesis or dissertation acknowledgements

Writing a thesis can be tricky. That’s why I’m starting a new series covering each section of the thesis, from thesis acknowledgements all the way to conclusions. I’ll be guiding you through the whole process, from what to include in your thesis to how to write it, along with examples from defended theses to help you to write your own.

We’ll begin by covering thesis acknowledgments. The acknowledgements section appears at the start of the thesis so it is often one of the first parts that everyone tries to tackle. As this will likely be your first taste of your thesis it can often feel quite intimidating to write!

Thankfully it’s also one of the easiest parts of the thesis to complete, which may help to give you a boost for the rest.

In this post we’ll cover everything to do with thesis acknowledgements: samples, what to include and how to write them. At the end I’ll also outline a 60 minute exercise which will get you preparing a first draft of your own! I’ve also got a similar post to craft your thesis title, which you can check out here .

I’m writing this post with a PhD thesis in mind but it could work just as well if you’re looking for help including acknowledgements in your Master’s or undergraduate thesis/ dissertation.

What is the purpose of the acknowledgements section in a thesis?

The acknowledgements section of your thesis is an opportunity to reflect on the people who have supported and shaped your PhD experience.

Don’t worry, although your examiners will be interested to read your acknowledgements section, you won’t really get judged on it in your PhD viva. This section is for you to share as little, or as much, as you want about everyone involved in your PhD journey.

The acknowledgements are a very personal section of your thesis and each PhD student will have different things they want to include. For example, many people wonder: How do I thank my family in a thesis? And the acknowledgements section is the answer!

Note – You can also use a thesis dedication to thank your family. This is a separate section to your thesis acknowledgements and is entirely optional. It’s usually just a single line, just like you might find at the front of some books. Most people don’t include a separate dedication section but you can if you want to go that extra step.

What to include in your thesis acknowledgements

There are usually no formal requirements dictating what to include in your acknowledgements. However, do double check for any potential rules at your specific institution.

In general the acknowledgements are the section of your thesis where you have some creative liberty and are not bound by rigid research protocols or guidelines.

Many students choose to use the acknowledgements section to thank people (or organisations) who:

• Introduced them to the topic
• Helped with their PhD application
• Funded the project
• Supervisors
• Technicians
• Partners, friends or family
• Or anyone else who made an impression along the way!

But remember, you can include whatever you want! For example in my own PhD acknowledgements, which you’ll read further down this post, I thanked the university for providing a green outdoor space for us.

Acknowledge whoever and whatever influenced your own PhD experience.

You may find it helpful to start by writing a list of everyone you wish to thank.

How do you write an acknowledgements section?

Since there are no guidelines to worry about, it is really up to you how you write your own thesis acknowledgements. You have a lot of freedom for what to include and how to write it.

However you may find the following suggested phases helpful as a starting point.

Who you want to thank…

• “First and foremost, I would like to express my sincere gratitude to…”
• “I must thank…”
• “A special thanks to…”
• “I would like to highlight two truly exceptional people from…”
• “I want to thank…”
• “In addition, I would like to mention”
• “I would also like to extend my thanks to…”
• “I want to give my deepest appreciation to…”
• “Finally, but the most importantly, I would like to thank…”

…then, why you want to thank them

It can be nice to also include why you’re thanking these people, using phrases such as:

• “…for the opportunity to be a part of this project”
• “…for always being there when I needed his support, reviewing my progress constantly, and guiding me through my PhD studies”
• “….for being a great bunch of people in and out of the lab”
• …”for all the guidance, support and outstanding feedback”
• “… who took their time to help teach me…”
• “…for her unlimited support and unconditional guidance during my PhD journey”
• “…were always there for discussions about anything that I was unsure on”
• “…whom has offered invaluable advice that will benefit me throughout my life”
• “…for supporting me since my undergraduate, and for the valuable discussions we had along the road”
• “…for making the past 4 years much more enjoyable and keeping me sane throughout the whole process”

Here is a whole example from an accepted PhD thesis:

Firstly, I want to thank [supervisor’s name(s)] for giving me the opportunity to work on this project, providing valuable guidance and feedback, and challenging me to grow as a scientist.  Excerpt from Dr Wane’s thesis acknowledgements, available via this page or use this direct download link .

Some people will choose to use full names and titles for any professional acknowledgements and first names for any personal ones. Again, this is up to you.

To help illustrate the variety of thesis acknowledgement formats, we’ll shortly be coming on to some examples of acknowledgment sections from successfully defended theses.

Before then I want to cover some of the main questions relating to how to write your own thesis acknowledgements section:

How long should you spend writing your thesis acknowledgements?

My suggestion is to spend only an hour or two making a first draft. I suggest doing this well ahead of your final deadline so that you have time to come back to it. Even so, I’d certainly look to spend far less than one day’s work on it in total.

It is a “nice to have” and means a lot to a lot of people, but remember you’re really only writing this section for yourself. I probably spent about two hours writing mine in total, simply because it wasn’t a priority for me.

What order should you write your acknowledgements in?

A typical way to write your acknowledgements is to go from the most formal/academic relationships to the least.

It is normal to start with any funding bodies, then formal people like your PhD supervisors, then move through labmates, friends and family. But again, there are generally no rules!

How long should the acknowledgements section be?

You can include as much or as little as you want. My own PhD acknowledgements section was just under a page long and it consisted of 386 words or 1892 characters (without spaces).

Here is how it was formatted:

But let’s not just look at my thesis. Using Imperial’s publicly accessible database I went through 25 published PhD theses for you.

The average (mean) length of these 25 theses was 365 words and 1793 characters without spaces. Writing an acknowledgements section of length 350-450 words was the most common:

The shortest acknowledgements sections was 122 words(653 characters) long. The longest one consisted of 1022 words and 5082 characters. Hopefully this illustrates that you’re not really bound by any limits. Write as much or as little as you want for this section.

Sample thesis acknowledgements

My own phd thesis acknowledgement.

My own PhD thesis is available here *, the acknowledgements section is on page 5. Here is the complete version of my acknowledgements section:

I would like to acknowledge both EPSRC and the Class of 1964 Scholarship for their financial support. It has been an honour to be the inaugural recipient of the Class of 1964 Scholarship and I am indebted to the donors in providing me complete academic freedom in this research. An immense thank you to my PhD supervisors: Jonathan Jeffers, Ulrich Hansen and Julian Jones. Support and guidance throughout the project from you all has been invaluable. JJ in particular you’ve been a fantastic primary supervisor. Thank you to all the academics who helped me get to this stage. The late Dr Kajal Mallick and his Biomedical Materials course at the University of Warwick was a huge influence and without which I would have never followed this path. My “pre-doc” supervisors in Dr Helen Lee of University of Cambridge and in particular the remarkable Prof Judith Hall OBE of Cardiff University from whom I learned so much. Thanks to Alison Paul and Michael Lim for being so supportive when I was considering applying for PhDs. It has been an amazing experience working between two research groups across different departments, thanks to everyone from the Biomechanics and JRJ groups I’ve worked with and from whom I’ve learned so much. Thank you of course to the Hybrids team I’ve worked so closely on this project with: Fra, Gloria, Agathe, Maria, Silvia, it’s been great fun working with you all! Gloria in particular thanks for you all your help, support and friendship: your inclusivity is appreciated by many. Saman, I’ve been so pleased to have you working on DVC with me and being able to discuss ideas with you really has been invaluable. I am grateful to everyone I’ve collaborated with externally: Farah, Amin and Brett (Natural History Museum) plus Andy and Behzad (Royal Veterinary College), thank you all for your support and input. Thanks also to everyone I’ve met through the Environmental Society at Imperial in particular Chelcie: your friendship and support have added a lot to my life. Thanks to Imperial for providing space for the ESoc garden, taking a break and enjoy nature in this space has certainly improved my work. Thanks of course to my family for their support. Finally, thank you Jo for always being so supportive and helping me every step of the way. My PhD thesis, available here . Acknowledgements are on page 5.

*For me the thesis was a means to an end. I wanted my PhD and didn’t want to spend too long agonising over each page. Therefore, it is possible there are typos in there, if you read any of it: firstly well done, I haven’t looked at it much since submitting the final copy, secondly, please don’t tell me about any typos you find!

Other PhD thesis acknowledgement examples

Below are the other 24 published and openly accessible STEM PhD theses I found for this article.

For each person’s thesis, either follow the first link to be taken to the landing page or follow the second link to directly download their thesis: I gave you a choice in case you don’t want stuff to start downloading automatically from a random text link!

The list is formatted as follows:

• [Link to thesis page on repository], [which page the acknowledgements appear on], [direct link to download the thesis]
• Dr Shipman’s thesis , for the acknowledgements go to page 3. Direct download here .
• Longest acknowledgements section of the list at 1022 words.
• Dr Li’s thesis , page 11. Direct download here .
• Dr Podgurschi’s thesis , page 5. Direct download here .
• Dr Medjeral-Thomas’ thesis page 3. Direct download here .
• Dr Sztuc’s thesis , page 5. Direct download here .
• Dr Yap’s thesis , page 5. Direct download here .
• Dr Sukkar’s thesis , page 9. Direct download here .
• Dr Lo’s thesis , page 11. Direct download here .
• Dr Sullivan’s thesis , page 5. Direct download here .
• Dr Tawy’s thesis , page 3. Direct download here .
• Dr Wane’s thesis , page 2. Direct download here .
• Dr Addison’s thesis , page 4. Direct download here .
• Dr Wang’s thesis , page 5. Direct download here .
• Dr Sebest’s thesis , page 3. Direct download here .
• Dr Hopkins’ thesis , page 7. Direct download here .
• Dr Bates’s thesis , page 4. Direct download here .
• Dr Somuyiwa’s thesis , page 6. Direct download here .
• Dr Reynolds’ thesis , page 5. Direct download here .
• My labmate’s thesis, who wrote the acknowledgements in a different style to the rest by using bullet points.
• Shortest acknowledgements section of the list at 122 words.
• Dr Manca’s thesis , acknowledgements on page 5. Direct download here .
• Dr Liu’s thesis , page 5. Direct download here .
• Dr Hotinli’s thesis , page 7. Direct download here .

My top tips for writing your own thesis acknowledgements

• Don’t spend too long on them. The acknowledgements section is really not worth spending too much time on. Even worse, since they appear at the start of your thesis, it is tempting to write your acknowledgements first. This can be fine, or, it can be an opportunity for lots of unnecessary procrastination. Which I why I instead suggest that you…
• Write your acknowledgements at the end of your first draft of the thesis. There is no need to write your thesis in the order it is presented. If you write your acknowledgements at the end you’ll be less likely to spend precious time on a section which really doesn’t warrant too much brain power.
• Don’t stress about it. The acknowledgements are merely for yourself and for anyone close to you that you want to thank. There are far more important sections for you to be particular about!
• Remember: You can make changes after you submit the copy for your viva. As with everything in your thesis, you can make changes after you submit the thesis for your viva. The real “final” copy is when you submit your thesis to the university for archiving. Which is even more reason to not spend too much time writing it the first time around.

Draft your own thesis or dissertation acknowledgements in 60 minutes

Hopefully you now feel inspired to start writing your own thesis acknowledgments!

For the exercise below I’d suggest setting a stop-watch on your phone and move on to the next section when the alarm goes, even if you’ve not fully finished. The aim is to have a rough draft at the end which you can polish off at a later point in time.

• Read a few of the example thesis acknowledgements above to get a feel for the structure ( 15 mins )
• List everyone (or everything!) you wish to thank – including any personal and professional acknowledgements in addition to funding bodies if relevant ( 10 mins )
• Decide on a rough order in which to thank them ( 5 mins )
• Craft some sentences using the phrases mentioned above ( 30 mins )

Congratulations you’re now well on your way to having one section of your PhD thesis completed!

I hope this post has been useful for constructing your own thesis or dissertation acknowledgements. It is the first in a series of posts aiming to help your thesis writing by delving into each section in depth. Be sure to let me know if you have any questions or suggestions for other content which you would find useful.

Subscribe below to stay updated about future posts in the series:

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• Acknowledgements for PhD Thesis and Dissertations – Explained
• Doing a PhD

The Purpose of Acknowledgements

The acknowledgement section of a thesis or dissertation is where you recognise and thank those who supported you during your PhD. This can be but is not limited to individuals, institutions or organisations.

Although your acknowledgements will not be used to evaluate your work, it is still an important section of your thesis. This is because it can have a positive (or negative for that matter) influence the perception of your reader before they even reach the main body of your work.

Who Should I Acknowledge?

Acknowledgements for a PhD thesis will typically fall into one of two categories – professional or personal.

Within these categories, who you thank will ultimately be your decision. However, it’s imperative that you pay special attention to the ‘professional’ group. This is because not thanking someone who has played an important role in your studies, whether it be intentional or accidental, will more often than not be seen as a dismissal of their efforts. Not only would this be unfair if they genuinely helped you, but from a certain political aspect, it could also jeopardise any opportunities for future collaborations .

Professional Acknowledgements

This may include, but is not limited to:

• Funding bodies/sponsorship providers
• Supervisors
• Research group and lab assistants
• Research participants
• Proofreaders

Personal Acknowledgements

• Key family members and friends
• Individuals who inspired you or directly influenced your academic journey
• Anyone else who has provided personal support that you would like to mention

It should be noted that certain universities have policies which state only those who have directly supported your work, such as supervisors and professors, should be included in your acknowledgements. Therefore, we strongly recommend that you read your university guidelines before writing this section of your thesis.

How to Write Acknowledgements for PhD Thesis

When producing this section, your writing style can be more informal compared to the rest of your thesis. This includes writing in first person and using more emotive language. Although in most cases you will have complete freedom in how you write this section of your thesis, it is still highly advisable to keep it professional. As mentioned earlier, this is largely because it will be one of the first things your assessors will read, and so it will help set the tone for the rest of your work.

In terms of its structure, acknowledgements are expected to be ordered in a manner that first recognises the most formal support before moving onto the less formal support. In most cases, this follows the same order that we have outlined in the ‘Who Should I Thank’ section.

When thanking professionals, always write out their full name and provide their title. This is because although you may be on a first-name basis with them, those who read your thesis will not. By providing full names and titles, not only do you help ensure clarity, but it could also indirectly contribute to the credibility of your thesis should the individual you’re thanking be well known within your field.

If you intend to include a list of people from one institution or organisation, it is best to list their names in alphabetical order. The exception to this is when a particular individual has been of significant assistance; here, it would be advisable to list them.

How Long Should My Acknowledgements Be?

Acknowledgements vary considerably in length. Some are a single paragraph whilst some continue for up to three pages. The length of your acknowledgement page will mostly depend on the number of individuals you want to recognise.

As a general rule, try to keep your acknowledgements section to a single page. Although there are no word limits, creating a lengthy acknowledgements section dilutes the gratitude you’re trying to express, especially to those who have supported you the most.

Where Should My Acknowledgements Go?

In the vast majority of cases, your acknowledgements should appear directly after your abstract and before your table of contents.

However, we highly advise you to check your university guidelines as a few universities set out their own specific order which they will expect you to follow.

Phrases to Help You Get Started

We appreciate how difficult it can be to truly show how grateful you are to those who have supported you over the years, especially in words.

To help you get started, we’ve provided you with a few examples of sentences that you can complete or draw ideas from.

• I am deeply grateful to XXX…
• I would like to express my sincere gratitude to XXX…
• I would like to offer my special thanks to XXX…
• I would like to extend my sincere thanks to XXX…
• …for their assistance at every stage of the research project.
• …for their insightful comments and suggestions.
• …for their contribution to XXX.
• …for their unwavering support and belief in me.

Thesis Acknowledgement Examples

Below are three PhD thesis acknowledgment samples from which you can draw inspiration. It should be noted that the following have been extracted from theses which are freely available in the public domain. Irrespective of this, references to any individual, department or university have been removed for the sake of privacy.

First and foremost I am extremely grateful to my supervisors, Prof. XXX and Dr. XXX for their invaluable advice, continuous support, and patience during my PhD study. Their immense knowledge and plentiful experience have encouraged me in all the time of my academic research and daily life. I would also like to thank Dr. XXX and Dr. XXX for their technical support on my study. I would like to thank all the members in the XXX. It is their kind help and support that have made my study and life in the UK a wonderful time. Finally, I would like to express my gratitude to my parents, my wife and my children. Without their tremendous understanding and encouragement in the past few years, it would be impossible for me to complete my study.

I would like to thank my supervisors Dr. XXX and Dr. XXX for all their help and advice with this PhD. I would also like to thank my sisters, whom without this would have not been possible. I also appreciate all the support I received from the rest of my family. Lastly, I would like to thank the XXX for the studentship that allowed me to conduct this thesis.

I would like to thank my esteemed supervisor – Dr. XXX for his invaluable supervision, support and tutelage during the course of my PhD degree. My gratitude extends to the Faculty of XXX for the funding opportunity to undertake my studies at the Department of XXX, University of XXX. Additionally, I would like to express gratitude to Dr. XXX for her treasured support which was really influential in shaping my experiment methods and critiquing my results. I also thank Dr. XXX, Dr. XXX, Dr. XXX for their mentorship. I would like to thank my friends, lab mates, colleagues and research team – XXX, XXX, XXX, XXX for a cherished time spent together in the lab, and in social settings. My appreciation also goes out to my family and friends for their encouragement and support all through my studies.

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How To Write Acknowledgement For Research Paper? | Tips & Examples

Crafting an impactful Acknowledgement For Research Paper is crucial in recognizing the contributions and support received during the research process.

The introduction serves as the gateway to a research paper, providing readers with an initial glimpse into the subject matter. It sets the tone for the entire document, offering a concise overview of the research question , context, and significance of the study.

Begin by expressing gratitude towards mentors , collaborators , and funding organizations . Acknowledge any technical assistance and academic resources provided.

This article aims to guide researchers in the art of crafting a compelling acknowledgment section for their research papers. Acknowledgments are often viewed as a formality, but they hold significant weight in expressing gratitude and recognizing contributions.

Table of Contents

List of Acknowledgement For Research Paper

Introduction to acknowledgements in research papers, mentorship acknowledgement for research paper, financial support acknowledgement for research paper, acknowledgement of collaborators for research paper, recognition of institutional support for research paper, appreciation for technical assistance for research paper, gratitude for access to resources for research paper, acknowledgement of peer reviewers for research paper, family and friends acknowledgement for research paper, thanking research participants for research paper, recognition of inspirations for research paper, acknowledgement of intellectual property for research paper, some useful tips for writing an acknowledgement for research paper.

Be Genuine : Sincerity matters. Express your gratitude genuinely and authentically.

Be Specific : Mention individuals, organizations, or institutions who directly contributed to your research or provided support.

Include Funding Sources : If your research received financial support from grants or institutions, acknowledge them. This helps in acknowledging the resources that made your work possible.

Recognize Contributions : Acknowledge the contributions of individuals who provided assistance with the research, such as technical support, data collection, or critical feedback.

Consider Professional Courtesy : Acknowledge any colleagues or mentors who provided guidance, reviewed drafts, or offered valuable insights.

Keep it Concise : While it’s important to acknowledge everyone who contributed significantly, try to keep your acknowledgements concise and relevant to the research.

Follow Journal Guidelines : Some journals have specific requirements or guidelines for the acknowledgement section. Make sure to adhere to these guidelines.

Respect Privacy : Obtain consent before acknowledging individuals or organizations, especially if they are not public figures or if the information is sensitive.

Express Gratitude : Show appreciation for the support and assistance you received throughout the research process. A simple “thank you” can go a long way.

Proofread : Like any other section of your research paper, ensure that your acknowledgement section is well-written, free of errors, and reflects professionalism.

The acknowledgement section of a research paper is a crucial component where authors express gratitude to individuals or institutions that have contributed to the successful completion of their study. It is an opportunity to recognize and appreciate those who have provided support, guidance, or resources during the research process.

Scenario Example: In my research on the impact of climate change, I extend my sincere appreciation to Justin Taylor , my research advisor, whose invaluable guidance and continuous support were instrumental in shaping the direction of this study.

Recognizing the guidance and mentorship received is crucial in the acknowledgement section. This includes acknowledging the contributions of mentors, advisors, or supervisors.

Scenario Example: I am deeply grateful to my mentor, Justin Taylor , for his unwavering support and insightful feedback throughout the research process. His mentorship played a pivotal role in refining the methodology and enhancing the overall quality of this study.

If the research received financial support , it’s essential to express gratitude for the funding received from individuals, organizations, or institutions.

Scenario Example: This research was made possible by the generous financial support provided by the Taylor Foundation . Their commitment to advancing scientific knowledge in environmental studies is commendable.

When the research involves collaboration with other researchers or institutions, it is crucial to acknowledge their contributions.

Scenario Example: I extend my gratitude to the collaborative efforts of Dr. Emily Adams from the Department of Environmental Sciences. Her expertise in data analysis significantly enriched the findings of this research.

Acknowledging the support of the institution where the research was conducted is essential.

Scenario Example: I would like to express my thanks to Greenfield University for providing the necessary infrastructure and research facilities, which were instrumental in the successful completion of this study.

Read also | [BEST] Master Thesis Acknowledgement Sample

If the research involved technical assistance , acknowledging the individuals who provided technical support is crucial.

Scenario Example: Special thanks to Mr. John Anderson for his technical expertise in assisting with the statistical analysis, contributing to the robustness of the research findings.

If access to specific resources was crucial for the research, acknowledging those who facilitated access is necessary.

Scenario Example: I am grateful to the National Archives for granting access to historical documents , enabling a comprehensive analysis of the historical aspect of this research.

If the research underwent peer review , recognizing the contributions of anonymous reviewers is customary.

Scenario Example: I appreciate the constructive feedback provided by the anonymous peer reviewers , whose insightful comments significantly improved the quality and rigor of this research.

Expressing gratitude to family and friends who provided emotional support during the research process is a personal touch in acknowledgements .

Scenario Example: To my family and friends , especially my spouse, Amy Wilson , your unwavering support and understanding during late nights and long hours of research are deeply appreciated.

If the study involved human participants , acknowledging their contribution is both ethical and essential.

Scenario Example: I extend my heartfelt thanks to all the participants who willingly shared their experiences and insights, making this research possible.

Acknowledging individuals who inspired or influenced the research can add a personal touch.

Scenario Example: I am inspired by the works of Dr. Jane Goodall , whose dedication to wildlife conservation motivated this research on the effects of deforestation on biodiversity.

When the research builds upon the work of others, proper acknowledgment is necessary.

Scenario Example: I acknowledge the contributions of researchers whose work laid the foundation for this study, including the seminal work of Dr. Richard Thompson in marine pollution research.

How do you acknowledge a professional message? 

Acknowledging a professional message is a courteous practice. A simple “ Thank you ” or “ I appreciate your message ” suffices. Use a polite tone, express gratitude, and ensure the acknowledgment aligns with the formality of the received message.

How do I write an acknowledgement for a project? 

In writing an acknowledgement for a project, recognize individuals or groups that contributed significantly. Use a sincere tone, mentioning their specific contributions. For example, “I would like to express my gratitude to [Name] for [specific contribution] .”

How do you write an acknowledgment on an academic poster? 

In an academic poster acknowledgment, keep it concise. Mention key contributors, advisors, or funding sources. For instance, “Special thanks to [Name] for guidance and [Institution] for funding.”

What is the difference between acknowledgment and acknowledgement? 

There is no substantial difference; both terms are acceptable. “ Acknowledgment ” is more common in American English, while “ acknowledgement ” is used in British English.

How do I make a simple acknowledgment receipt? 

Create a simple acknowledgment receipt by including transaction details, a description of what’s being acknowledged, and both parties’ names. State the date and ensure clarity. “This is to acknowledge receipt of [description] on [date]. “

What is the proper way to acknowledge an email? 

Acknowledge emails promptly, expressing appreciation or confirming receipt. A brief “ Thank you for your email ” or “ I received your message ” suffices. Adjust the formality based on the context.

How long should dissertation acknowledgments be? 

Dissertation acknowledgments should be concise but heartfelt. A paragraph or two is sufficient. Mention key contributors and express genuine gratitude.

What is an acknowledgment for a dissertation thesis? 

In a dissertation thesis acknowledgment, thank those who supported your research. Acknowledge advisors, peers, and funding sources. Keep it respectful and genuine.

How do you thank God in a dissertation acknowledgment? 

Express gratitude to God in a dissertation acknowledgment with phrases like “ I am grateful for divine guidance ” or “ Thanks to God for strength .” Keep it personal and respectful of diverse beliefs.

In conclusion, crafting a meaningful acknowledgment section is an art that involves recognizing the invaluable contributions of individuals and institutions. By highlighting specific roles and expressing sincere gratitude, researchers can transform this section from a formality into a genuine appreciation of collaborative efforts. 

The importance of acknowledging mentors , financial supporters , and collaborators cannot be overstated, as their impact shapes the trajectory of scholarly endeavors. In a broader context, a well-crafted acknowledgement not only adds a personal touch to a research paper but also fosters a sense of community within the academic landscape.

I’m Matthew Porter , the creative mind behind “ Acknowledgment Templates .” I’ve had a blast creating templates that capture the essence of gratitude in acknowledgment sections. At Acknowledgment Templates, we’re all about turning appreciation into a well-crafted art. Let’s make your acknowledgment section a masterpiece—join me in the creative process at Acknowledgment Templates!

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How to Write Acknowledgements

2-minute read

• 25th March 2015

If you are near the end of your thesis, you can start to think about putting on the finishing touches . One thing you will have to do here is write your acknowledgements. A lot of people worry about this, but there’s really no need. As we are about to show, it’s actually quite simple!

What Are Acknowledgements?

The acknowledgement section of a thesis is where you can thank everyone who has helped you in your research. It is typically located at the beginning of your thesis, right after the contents page, and shouldn’t really be more than one or two pages long. The best thing to do is to keep it concise.

Who Should I Thank?

Think about the people who were of crucial importance during your research. This could include friends, family or professors, or even volunteers who have taken part in your research. It’s also important to acknowledge professional bodies who have given you funding or other help.

How Should I Write It?

There are no strict requirements for the tone of your acknowledgements; it’s essentially the one section where you can be a little bit more informal! Try to make sure the tone fits the person or organization you’re thanking, though, maintaining a formal approach when addressing funding bodies or other official groups.

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Other than trying to be concise, the main thing you should keep in mind is varying your language, if only because starting every sentence with “I would like to thank…” will sound a bit dull.

There are several ways you could word your thanks. A few suggestions are:

• This research would not have been possible without…
• My sincere thanks go to…
• I am grateful to…
• Heartfelt thanks to…
• I would like to express my gratitude to…
• Appreciation is due to…
• I acknowledge the contribution of…
• I am indebted to…

And that’s all there is to it! Relax and enjoy writing your acknowledgements. If you’ve got this far in the thesis-writing process, you’re over the toughest bit now! For more information about writing a dissertation or thesis, read our full dissertation writing guide .

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Acknowledgement in Research Paper | How to Write | Perfect Example

What is acknowledgement in research paper.

Acknowledgement in a research paper is the section where the author expresses gratitude to individuals and organizations who have contributed to the completion of the study. This section is usually placed at the beginning or end of the paper and is an important part of the research process. It allows the author to recognize the support, assistance, and guidance they have received from others in the course of their research.

What is the purpose of acknowledgement in research paper?

The acknowledgement section is an opportunity for the author to show appreciation for anyone who has helped them in the research process, including mentors, advisors, colleagues, and funding agencies. It is also a way to acknowledge the contributions of participants, interviewees, or anyone else who has played a role in the study.

Acknowledgements can also include thanks to individuals who have provided critical feedback, technical assistance, or resources that have been essential to the research project. Overall, this section is a way for the author to show their appreciation for the collaborative and supportive nature of the research community.

How to write acknowledgement in research paper?

• Identify Key Contributors : Make a list of individuals and organizations that have contributed significantly to your research. This includes advisors, mentors, collaborators, funders, participants, and institutions.
• Understand the Purpose : Acknowledgments are meant to recognize and thank those who have supported or contributed to your research in various ways. Understand the purpose of this section is to express gratitude and recognize their contributions.
• Be Genuine and Specific : Your acknowledgments should be sincere and specific. Avoid generic expressions of thanks and instead, mention the specific contributions each person or organization made to your research.
• Start with Formality : Begin your acknowledgment section with a formal tone and expression of gratitude. Address individuals with their appropriate titles, such as Dr., Prof., Mr., or Ms., and mention any institutional affiliations if relevant.
• Personalize Your Thanks : Tailor your acknowledgments to acknowledge each individual’s specific contributions. Mention how their support, guidance, or expertise influenced your research or contributed to its success.
• Maintain Professionalism : While acknowledgments can be personal, maintain a professional tone and avoid overly informal language or colloquialisms. Remember that this section is part of your scholarly work.
• Consider Cultural Sensitivities : Be mindful of cultural norms and sensitivities when expressing gratitude, especially if your research involves international collaborations. Tailor your acknowledgments to reflect cultural expectations or customs, as appropriate.
• Proofread Carefully : Ensure your acknowledgments are free of grammatical errors and typos. Take the time to review and edit this section to ensure clarity and coherence.
• Respect Space Limitations : While it’s important to acknowledge all key contributors, be mindful of space limitations in your research paper. Prioritize mentioning those who made significant contributions while being respectful of length constraints.
• End on a Positive Note : Conclude your acknowledgment section with a positive and appreciative tone. Express your gratitude to everyone who supported your research journey, including family, friends, colleagues, and institutions.

Example of Acknowledgement in Research

I am immensely grateful to the individuals and organizations whose support and guidance have been instrumental in the completion of this research paper. Their assistance and expertise have significantly contributed to the development and refinement of my study.

Firstly, I extend my heartfelt appreciation to Dr. Aurora Rivera, my mentor and advisor throughout this research journey. Her insightful feedback, encouragement, and scholarly guidance have been invaluable in shaping the direction and methodology of my study.

I am also deeply thankful to Mr. Santiago Cruz, Director of Research at the Philippine Social Sciences Institute, for his generous support and assistance in accessing research resources. His expertise and encouragement have greatly facilitated the progress of my research.

Special gratitude is extended to my research collaborators, including Dr. Sofia Ramirez and Mr. Miguel Hernandez, for their collaborative efforts and insightful perspectives that have enriched the depth and analysis of my research findings.

I would like to acknowledge the valuable contributions of the staff and researchers at the Philippine Research Center for Social Sciences, whose support and expertise have been indispensable in navigating complex research methodologies and data analysis.

Furthermore, I extend my sincere appreciation to the participants of my study for their cooperation and willingness to share their experiences, which have provided essential insights and perspectives.

I wish to express my profound gratitude to my family and friends for their unwavering support, encouragement, and understanding throughout this research endeavor. Their belief in my abilities has been a constant source of motivation and inspiration.

Acknowledgement in Research Paper Example

We extend our heartfelt gratitude to the individuals and institutions whose unwavering support has been indispensable in the completion of this research paper. Their guidance, encouragement, and expertise have greatly contributed to the success of our study.

Firstly, we express our sincere appreciation to Dr. Juanita Cruz, Professor of Economics at the University of the Philippines, for her invaluable mentorship and insightful feedback throughout the research process. Her expertise in the field has been instrumental in shaping the direction of our study.

We are also indebted to Dr. Manuel Reyes, Director of the Philippine Economic Development Institute, for his generous assistance and provision of research resources. His support has been pivotal in enhancing the quality and depth of our analysis.

Special thanks are extended to our research collaborators, including Dr. Sofia Garcia from the Department of Political Science at Ateneo de Manila University, and Dr. Miguel Hernandez from the Department of Sociology at Mapua University. Their collaboration and expertise have enriched our research with diverse perspectives and profound insights.

We would like to acknowledge the invaluable assistance provided by the staff and researchers at the Philippine Institute for Development Studies, who generously shared their knowledge and resources throughout the duration of our study.

Furthermore, we extend our gratitude to the participants of our study, whose cooperation and willingness to share their experiences have been instrumental in shaping our findings.

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How to write acknowledgements for a thesis

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What is an acknowledgement and what is its purpose.

The acknowledgement section is one of the sections of a bachelor’s or master’s thesis, dissertation, research paper, etc. destined to show your appreciation of the persons who took part in your research, contributed to your project, or provided any kind of support. In other words, this section is a way for the author to say a thank you to all those whose contribution they recognise as important.

How to write the acknowledgement section for a PhD thesis or dissertation

We are going to provide the basic guidelines below but please make sure to review the style guide of your university or department, as each institution might have some specific requirements as regards the contents and/or formatting of the acknowledgement section in your thesis.

So, here are several key recommendations for writing the acknowledgement section.

Whom to thank in the acknowledgement

This is up to you to decide whom to acknowledge. Select those persons who indeed contributed to your research or helped you perform your duties. In general, there are two main groups of persons to consider: professionals and personal acquaintances.

Professional acknowledgements

You can say a thank you to your:

• Thesis supervisor.
• Thesis opponents.
• Co-authors of your scientific papers.
• Research participants.
• Colleagues.
• Companies providing funding.
• Any other individuals or entities who anyhow contributed to the effective process of writing the dissertation.

Acknowledging the contribution of professionals is important from the perspective of academic integrity but also in terms of scientific ethics.

When addressing professionals, make sure to write their names in full and include their titles (e.g. associate professor at the Department…, PhD , etc.). This is important for identifying the contributors unequivocally. At the same time, it also makes your research look more credible and professional.

Personal acknowledgements

These include any persons other than professionals whom you would like to thank, e.g.:

• Parents or relatives (father/mother, grandparents, husband/wife, children, etc.).
• People who inspired or supported you.

Do not include any personal details, except the first name and last name (e.g. avoid giving the age, the place of living, etc.).

Language and style

The acknowledgement section differs from the rest of your PhD thesis, as it does not relate directly to the research, is addressing your readers, and thus can be less formal.

• Keep your language simple. Avoid complex and long phrases. Keep everything simple and straightforward.
• Your writing can be more informal. In the acknowledgement section, you can use more appealing and emotive language. Furthermore, you can use sentences in the first person (while you should use the impersonal or the passive form when presenting the results of your research in the body of your thesis).
• Remain within the academic framework. While the acknowledgement section is more informal, do not push too hard and remain within the framework of academic writing.
• Do not use dotted lists for names. Mention all the persons in sentences, do not present their names as dotted or numbered lists.

Length of the acknowledgement section

Your acknowledgement section should never be too long. As a rule, it should be at most 1 page. Do not try to overextend this section if less is sufficient for thanking your contributors.

Where to put the acknowledgement in the thesis

Most often, your acknowledgement goes after the abstract and before the table of contents or between the declaration and the table of contents. Please check the guidelines of your university or department.

Structure of the acknowledgement section

While it is up to you to choose (remember that your university might also have some guidelines for this), we can generally recommend the following structure for your acknowledgement:

• Brief introduction (one or a few sentences: why you are writing this section and why you need to acknowledge someone).
• Gratitude to your supervisor.
• Recognition of the other professional contributors.
• Recognition of personal supporters.

Thesis acknowledgement examples

Here are a few sample acknowledgements to give you an idea of how you can do it in your thesis.

Sample acknowledgement – supervisors

First and foremost, I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my supervisors who guided, instructed, and motivated me. Your feedback allowed me deepening and refining my research, and the results presented in my thesis would be impossible without your supervision.

Sample acknowledgement – companies and entities

I would like to acknowledge the financial and organisational support provided by Company X. I would also like to thank the Economics Department of University Y for the technical support.

Sample acknowledgement – individuals and relatives

Finally, I express my profound gratitude to my beloved husband James who continuously supported me, sacrificed his time, and always believed in me.

• Write the acknowledgement section in the end – once you have written the body of your thesis and have completed your research. This will allow avoiding redundant work.
• While the acknowledgement section is important, remember that the main part is the body of your thesis. In addition to running an in-depth research and achieve academic results, you also need to reference correctly the sources you have used. This is where Grafiati can help you: use our service to get perfect references, avoid unintentional plagiarism, and cite your sources correctly.

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• Thesis & Dissertation Acknowledgements | Tips & Examples

Thesis & Dissertation Acknowledgements | Tips & Examples

Published on 4 May 2022 by Tegan George . Revised on 4 November 2022.

The acknowledgements section is your opportunity to thank those who have helped and supported you personally and professionally during your thesis or dissertation process.

Thesis or dissertation acknowledgements appear between your title page and abstract  and should be no longer than one page.

In your acknowledgements, it’s okay to use a more informal style than is usually permitted in academic writing , as well as first-person pronouns . Acknowledgements are not considered part of the academic work itself, but rather your chance to write something more personal.

To get started, download our step-by-step template in the format of your choice below. We’ve also included sample sentence starters to help you construct your acknowledgments section from scratch.

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Table of contents

Who to thank in your acknowledgements, how to write acknowledgements, acknowledgements section example, acknowledgements dos and don’ts, frequently asked questions.

Generally, there are two main categories of acknowledgements: professional and personal .

A good first step is to check your university’s guidelines, as they may have rules or preferences about the order, phrasing, or layout of acknowledgements. Some institutions prefer that you keep your acknowledgements strictly professional.

Regardless, it’s usually a good idea to place professional acknowledgements first, followed by any personal ones. You can then proceed by ranking who you’d like to thank from most formal to least.

• Chairs, supervisors, or defence committees
• Funding bodies
• Other academics (e.g., colleagues or cohort members)
• Editors or proofreaders
• Librarians, research/laboratory assistants, or study participants
• Family, friends, or pets

Typically, it’s only necessary to mention people who directly supported you during your thesis or dissertation. However, if you feel that someone like a secondary school physics teacher was a great inspiration on the path to your current research, feel free to include them as well.

Professional acknowledgements

It is crucial to avoid overlooking anyone who helped you professionally as you completed your thesis or dissertation. As a rule of thumb, anyone who directly contributed to your research should be mentioned.

A few things to keep in mind include:

• Even if you feel your chair didn’t help you very much, you should still thank them first to avoid looking like you’re snubbing them.
• Be sure to follow academic conventions, using full names with titles where appropriate.
• If several members of a group or organisation assisted you, mention the collective name only.
• Remember the ethical considerations around anonymised data. If you wish to protect someone’s privacy, use only their first name or a generic identifier (such as ‘the interviewees’).

Personal acknowledgements

There is no need to mention every member of your family or friend group. However, if someone was particularly inspiring or supportive, you may wish to mention them specifically. Many people choose to thank parents, partners, children, friends, and even pets, but you can mention anyone who offered moral support or encouragement, or helped you in a tangible or intangible way.

Some students may wish to dedicate their dissertation to a deceased influential person in their personal life. In this case, it’s okay to mention them first, before any professional acknowledgements.

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After you’ve compiled a list of who you’d like to thank, you can then sort your list into rank order. Separate everyone you listed into ‘major thanks’, ‘big thanks’, and ‘minor thanks’ categories.

• ‘Major thanks’ are given to people who your project would be impossible without. These are often predominantly professional acknowledgements, such as your advisor , chair, and committee, as well as any funders.
• ‘Big thanks’ are an in-between, for those who helped you along the way or helped you grow intellectually, such as classmates, peers, or librarians.
• ‘Minor thanks’ can be a catch-all for everyone else, especially those who offered moral support or encouragement. This can include personal acknowledgements, such as parents, partners, children, friends, or even pets.

How to phrase your acknowledgements

To avoid acknowledgements that sound repetitive or dull, consider changing up your phrasing. Here are some examples of common sentence starters you can use for each category.

Note that you do not need to write any sort of conclusion or summary at the end. You can simply end the acknowledgements with your last thank-you.

Here’s an example of how you can combine the different sentences to write your acknowledgements.

A simple construction consists of a sentence starter (in purple highlight ), followed by the person or entity mentioned (in green highlight ), followed by what you’re thanking them for (in yellow highlight .)

Acknowledgements

Words cannot express my gratitude to my professor and chair of my committee for her invaluable patience and feedback. I also could not have undertaken this journey without my defense committee, who generously provided knowledge and expertise. Additionally, this endeavor would not have been possible without the generous support from the MacArthur Foundation, who financed my research .

I am also grateful to my classmates and cohort members, especially my office mates, for their editing help, late-night feedback sessions, and moral support. Thanks should also go to the librarians, research assistants, and study participants from the university, who impacted and inspired me.

Lastly, I would be remiss in not mentioning my family, especially my parents, spouse, and children. Their belief in me has kept my spirits and motivation high during this process. I would also like to thank my cat for all the entertainment and emotional support.

• Write in first-person, professional language
• Thank your professional contacts first
• Include full names, titles, and roles of professional acknowledgements
• Include personal or intangible supporters, like friends, family, or even pets
• Mention funding bodies and what they funded
• Appropriately anonymise or group research participants or non-individual acknowledgments

Don’t:

• Use informal language or slang
• Go over one page in length
• Mention people who had only a peripheral or minor impact on your work

You may acknowledge God in your thesis or dissertation acknowledgements , but be sure to follow academic convention by also thanking the relevant members of academia, as well as family, colleagues, and friends who helped you.

Yes, it’s important to thank your supervisor(s) in the acknowledgements section of your thesis or dissertation .

Even if you feel your supervisor did not contribute greatly to the final product, you still should acknowledge them, if only for a very brief thank you. If you do not include your supervisor, it may be seen as a snub.

In the acknowledgements of your thesis or dissertation, you should first thank those who helped you academically or professionally, such as your supervisor, funders, and other academics.

Then you can include personal thanks to friends, family members, or anyone else who supported you during the process.

The acknowledgements are generally included at the very beginning of your thesis or dissertation, directly after the title page and before the abstract .

In a thesis or dissertation, the acknowledgements should usually be no longer than one page. There is no minimum length.

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George, T. (2022, November 04). Thesis & Dissertation Acknowledgements | Tips & Examples. Scribbr. Retrieved 6 May 2024, from https://www.scribbr.co.uk/thesis-dissertation/acknowledgements/

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How to Write Acknowledgement in Research Paper

December 27, 2023

In research papers, acknowledgements play a crucial role in recognizing the contributions and support of individuals or organizations who have helped in the completion of the study. They provide an opportunity to express gratitude towards people who provided guidance, resources, or encouragement during the research process.

Acknowledgements serve several important purposes. Firstly, they acknowledge the intellectual and technical support received, ensuring that credit is given where it is due. Secondly, they foster a sense of collaboration and community by recognizing the efforts of others within the research field. Furthermore, acknowledgements help to establish credibility by showcasing the individuals, institutions, or funding bodies that have contributed to the research.

The importance of acknowledgements goes beyond mere courtesy; they are a record of the network of support that exists within the research community. By recognizing the contributions of others, researchers can foster goodwill and build lasting relationships in their field. As such, it is crucial to understand the significance of acknowledgements and to include them thoughtfully and sincerely in research papers.

What to Include in the Acknowledgements

When writing acknowledgements in a research paper, it is important to consider the key elements that should be included. Here are some points to consider when deciding what to include in your acknowledgements:

• Mentors and Advisors: Acknowledge the individuals who provided guidance, advice, or supervision throughout the research process. This could include your research advisor, committee members, or other mentors who played a significant role in shaping your work.
• Funding Sources: Acknowledge any funding bodies or organizations that provided financial support for your research. This could include grants, scholarships, or fellowships.
• Research Participants: If your study involved human participants or subjects, it is important to thank them for their participation and contribution to the research. Ensure that their privacy and confidentiality are maintained by using initials or codes instead of full names.
• Collaborators and Colleagues: If you worked closely with other researchers or colleagues on the project, acknowledge their contributions and highlight their specific roles or expertise.
• Technical and Administrative Support: Recognize individuals or institutions that provided technical assistance, equipment, or administrative support during the research process.
• Family and Friends: It is common to express gratitude to loved ones for their support and understanding throughout the research journey. Although personal acknowledgements should be kept brief, acknowledging their support can be a significant gesture.

Remember to be sincere and genuine in your acknowledgements, recognizing the specific contributions and support each individual or entity provided.

Structure and Formatting of the Acknowledgements

The structure and formatting of acknowledgements in a research paper play a vital role in conveying gratitude in a clear and organized manner. Here are some guidelines to follow when structuring and formatting your acknowledgements:

• Placement: The acknowledgements section is typically placed towards the end of the paper, after the conclusion but before the references.
• Title: Use a clear and concise title such as “Acknowledgements” or “Acknowledgments” at the top of the section to indicate its purpose.
• Formatting: In general, acknowledgements are written in paragraph form. However, if you have a long list of individuals or organizations to acknowledge, you can also use a bullet-point or numbered list.
• Tone: The tone of acknowledgements should be professional and appreciative. Use a sincere and heartfelt tone to express your gratitude.
• Length: Acknowledgements should be kept concise and to the point. A few paragraphs or a short list of names and institutions are typically sufficient.
• Order: It is customary to acknowledge individuals and organizations in order of their significance and contribution to the research. Start with your most important mentors, advisors, or sponsors, and then proceed to acknowledge collaborators, research participants, and others who provided support.
• Style: Follow the formatting guidelines specified by the journal or academic institution. This may include font type, size, and spacing.

Remember, while acknowledgements provide an opportunity to express gratitude, it is important to maintain professionalism and adhere to the guidelines set by the journal or your academic institution.

Examples of Well-Written Acknowledgements

Example 1: “I would like to express my deepest gratitude to Professor [Name] for their unwavering guidance, invaluable insights, and constant support throughout this research journey. Their expertise and dedication have been instrumental in shaping this study. I would also like to thank my research committee members, [Names], for their thoughtful feedback and constructive criticism. I am grateful to [Funding Body/Institution] for providing financial support that made this research possible. Special thanks to all the participants who generously volunteered their time and contributed to this study. I would also like to acknowledge [Support Staff/Technicians] for their technical assistance. Lastly, I am indebted to my family and friends for their unwavering support, love, and encouragement throughout this endeavor.”

Example 2: “We extend our sincere appreciation to Professor [Name] for their mentorship and guidance, which have been invaluable in the completion of this research. We would like to thank [Funding Body/Institution] for their financial support, without which this study would not have been possible. We are grateful to the participants who willingly shared their experiences and expertise, providing the foundation for our research. Our gratitude also extends to our collaborators and fellow researchers who provided valuable insights and feedback throughout the project. We would like to acknowledge the technical support provided by [Support Staff/Technicians]. Lastly, we express our heartfelt thanks to our families and friends for their unwavering support and understanding.”

Remember, these examples are just a guide. It is important to personalize your acknowledgements based on the individuals and organizations that have contributed to your specific research project.

Tips for Writing Acknowledgements

• Be specific: Clearly mention the names of individuals, institutions, or organizations that have made significant contributions to your research.
• Focus on contributions: Acknowledge the specific ways in which each person or entity has contributed to your research, whether it’s through mentorship, funding, technical support, or intellectual guidance.
• Maintain professionalism: While expressing gratitude, maintain a professional tone and avoid overly personal or informal language.
• Be concise: Keep your acknowledgements brief and to the point, focusing on the most essential contributors.
• Follow guidelines: Adhere to any specific formatting guidelines provided by the journal or academic institution.
• Review and proofread: Ensure that your acknowledgements are free of spelling or grammatical errors by reviewing and proofreading them carefully.
• Express sincerity: Convey genuine appreciation and gratitude in your acknowledgements to show the true extent of your appreciation.

Remember, acknowledgements are an opportunity to show gratitude to those who have supported your research, so be sure to express your thanks sincerely and respectfully.

Common Mistakes to Avoid in Acknowledgements

• Excessive length: Avoid making your acknowledgements overly lengthy. Keep them concise and focus only on those who have made substantial contributions to your research.
• Forgetting important contributors: Take the time to think through all the individuals and organizations that have played a role in your research and ensure that you acknowledge them appropriately. Leaving out key contributors can be unintentionally dismissive.
• Being vague: Be specific when acknowledging the contributions of individuals or institutions. Avoid using generic statements that don’t adequately highlight the specific ways in which they have supported your research.
• Inclusion of personal anecdotes: While it’s important to express gratitude, acknowledgements should remain professional. Avoid including personal anecdotes or unrelated stories that distract from the purpose of the section.
• Neglecting proofreading: Treat acknowledgements with the same level of attention and care as the rest of your research paper. Proofread for spelling and grammatical errors before submitting your final document.
• Inconsistent formatting: Ensure that your acknowledgements follow the same formatting as the rest of your research paper, adhering to any journal or institution guidelines.

By avoiding these common mistakes, you can ensure that your acknowledgements accurately reflect the contributions of those involved in your research while maintaining a professional and concise tone.

Struggling with your research paper’s acknowledgement section? Our auto essay writer can make it easy, guiding you to express your gratitude flawlessly.

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How to Write an Acknowledgement for a Research Paper

Hey guys, Phill Collins here! Today, I will teach you how to write an acknowledgment section in a research paper. Let’s do this!

Acknowledging contributions is a crucial aspect of creating a thorough research paper. It provides an opportunity to convey appreciation and acknowledge the support from individuals and institutions throughout your work. This piece will explore the intricacies of crafting acknowledgments for papers, offering valuable insights, practical advice, and sample acknowledgments. It aims to assist you in expressing gratitude to those who have played a substantial role in your research journey. As usual, I recommend those of you who struggle with your writings to pay for a research paper to save time and have a stress-free evening.

What Is Acknowledgement in a Research Paper

Acknowledgment in a research paper is a section dedicated to expressing gratitude and recognizing the individuals, institutions, or resources that have contributed to the completion of the research. This section is an opportunity for the author to appreciate the support, guidance, or assistance received during the research process. Acknowledgments go beyond the academic content of the paper and serve as a personal and professional gesture of recognition for those who played a significant role in the research endeavor.

In this section, researchers typically acknowledge the contributions of mentors, advisors, colleagues, or peers who provided valuable insights, feedback, or assistance in shaping the research project. Additionally, institutions, funding agencies, or organizations that supported the research financially or through resources may be acknowledged. The acknowledgment section reflects the collaborative and communal nature of academic work, highlighting the interconnected web of individuals and entities that contribute to the scholarly pursuit.

While there is no strict format for writing acknowledgments, it is important to balance professionalism and sincerity. Authors can use this space to express genuine gratitude, share personal reflections on the collaborative process, and convey the impact of the support received. The acknowledgment section adds a human touch to the paper, recognizing the collective effort that goes into the creation of academic knowledge.

The Role of an Acknowledgment in a Research Papers

The acknowledgment section in a paper plays a vital role in recognizing and appreciating the various contributors and influences that have shaped the research journey. Beyond the academic rigor captured in the main body of the paper, acknowledgments offer a space to express gratitude for the support and guidance received during the research process. This section often serves as a heartfelt acknowledgment of the collaborative effort to bring a research project to fruition.

Essentials of an Acknowledgement in Research Paper

An essential component of a complex paper, the acknowledgment section serves as a heartfelt expression of gratitude towards individuals and entities who have contributed significantly to the research process. In this section, authors typically recognize mentors, advisors, colleagues, and peers who provided valuable insights, guidance, or support. Additionally, institutions, funding sources, or organizations that played a role in the research project are acknowledged. The acknowledgment is a personal touch within the scholarly document, acknowledging the collaborative nature of academic work and underscoring the importance of communal support in the research journey. It adds a human element to the paper, recognizing the interconnected network of individuals and resources that contribute to the scholarly endeavor.

How to Write an Acknowledgement for Research Paper Using 8 Simple Tips

Keep in mind that acknowledgments offer a chance to express gratitude and acknowledge the valuable contributions of those who assisted you. Dedicate time to creating a genuine and thoughtful acknowledgment section that mirrors the collaborative and supportive nature of your research endeavor.

Sincerity and Authenticity

Write your acknowledgments with heartfelt gratitude, conveying genuine appreciation for the support and contributions you received throughout your research journey.

Specific Individuals and Institutions

Identify key figures and entities that played a substantial role in your research, including mentors, advisors, collaborators, and funding agencies. Acknowledge institutions that provided resources or facilities.

Conciseness and Focus

Keep your acknowledgments brief and to the point. Concentrate on highlighting the pivotal individuals and organizations that significantly influenced your research.

Formal Tone

Maintain a professional and formal tone throughout your acknowledgments. Remember that this section serves as a formal recognition of support, not a casual conversation.

Ethical Considerations

Adhere to ethical guidelines and norms when acknowledging individuals and organizations. Respect the privacy and confidentiality of those who may prefer not to be mentioned.

Personal Touches

If appropriate, include personal anecdotes or specific instances where individuals or organizations made a noteworthy impact on your research.

Tailor to Research Context

Consider the nature of your research and customize your acknowledgments accordingly. For instance, if your research is interdisciplinary, recognize experts from various fields who provide valuable insights.

Appreciation Beyond Formal Requirements

While an acknowledgement in research paper has to list individuals and institutions, extend your appreciation to others who indirectly supported you. This may include family, friends, or colleagues who provided emotional support during your research journey.

Example of Acknowledgement in Research Paper

An Additional Example of Acknowledgement in Research Paper

Final Words

In my opinion, acknowledgements in a research paper provide an avenue to convey appreciation and recognize the indispensable contributions of individuals and institutions that have bolstered your work. In this article, I did my best to offer tips and a sample acknowledgment to assist you in authentically expressing your gratitude. Keep in mind that acknowledgments are a chance to genuinely convey appreciation and attribute credit where it is rightfully due.

How to write acknowledgement in research paper?

Begin your acknowledgment section with a formal salutation, expressing gratitude to those who contributed to your research. Use a sincere and appreciative tone, mentioning specific individuals and institutions, and keep it concise.

What is the purpose of the acknowledgement section in a research paper?

The acknowledgment section serves to express gratitude and recognize the contributions of individuals and institutions who supported the research. It reflects the researcher's appreciation for guidance, resources, and collaboration during the project.

What should the acknowledgement section of a research paper include?

An acknowledgement for research paper includes thanks to advisors, committee members, funding agencies, collaborators, institutions providing resources, and anyone who significantly contributed. Maintain a formal tone, adhere to ethical considerations, and, if appropriate, add a personal touch or anecdotes.

How to acknowledge someone in a research paper?

Acknowledge individuals by mentioning their names, roles, and specific contributions. Follow a formal and respectful tone, adhering to ethical guidelines. If applicable, express personal appreciation and consider tailoring acknowledgments to the nature of the research and relationships involved.

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